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Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B in Mouse Heart Alters Cardiac Lipid Metabolism and Induces Myocardial Hypertrophy
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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B is poorly angiogenic but prominently expressed in metabolically highly active tissues, including the heart. We produced mice expressing a cardiac-specific VEGF-B transgene via the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Surprisingly, the hearts of the VEGF-B transgenic mice showed concentric cardiac hypertrophy without significant changes in heart function. The cardiac hypertrophy was attributable to an increased size of the cardiomyocytes. Blood capillary size was increased, whereas the number of blood vessels per cell nucleus remained unchanged. Despite the cardiac hypertrophy, the transgenic mice had lower heart rate and blood pressure than their littermates, and they responded similarly to angiotensin II–induced hypertension, confirming that the hypertrophy does not compromise heart function. Interestingly, the isolated transgenic hearts had less cardiomyocyte damage after ischemia. Significantly increased ceramide and decreased triglyceride levels were found in the transgenic hearts. This was associated with structural changes and eventual lysis of mitochondria, resulting in accumulation of intracellular vacuoles in cardiomyocytes and increased death of the transgenic mice, apparently because of mitochondrial lipotoxicity in the heart. These results suggest that VEGF-B regulates lipid metabolism, an unexpected function for an angiogenic growth factor.
Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, currently comprising 5 mammalian proteins, are major regulators of blood and lymphatic vessel development and growth. VEGF is essential for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas VEGF-C is necessary for lymphangiogenesis. Although not required for embryonic development, placenta growth factor and VEGF-D are likely to play more subtle roles in the control of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, or function under pathological conditions.1,2
VEGF-B exists as 2 isoforms generated by alternative splicing. VEGF-B167 has a heparin-binding carboxyl terminus, whereas VEGF-B186 contains a hydrophobic carboxyl terminus, is O-glycosylated, and proteolytically processed.3 Both isoforms bind to VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and neuropilin-1 but not to the major mitogenic endothelial cell receptors VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3.4,5
VEGF-B has a wide tissue distribution, being most abundant in the myocardium, skeletal and vascular smooth muscle, as well as in brown adipose tissue.6 Mice lacking VEGF-B are viable and fertile and display only a mild phenotype in the heart. This is manifested as an atrial conduction abnormality characterized by a prolonged PQ interval in 1 strain (C57Bl background),7 or as a smaller heart size with impaired recovery after myocardial ischemia in another (129/SvJ or 129/SvJ×C57Bl/6J background).8 Furthermore, VEGF-B has also been implicated in pathological vascular changes in inflammatory arthritis9 and in protecting the brain from ischemic injury.10 However, the ability of VEGF-B to stimulate angiogenesis directly is poor in many tissues. VEGF-B did not stimulate vessel growth when delivered into muscle or periadventitial tissue via adenoviral vectors.11,12 On the contrary, VEGF-B overexpressed in endothelial cells of transgenic mice was able to potentiate, rather than initiate, angiogenesis.13 And unlike VEGF, VEGF-B did not increase vascular permeability.8,13
Here we have studied the effects of VEGF-B in the skin and heart, by overexpression via the keratin-14 and α-myosin heavy chain (αMyHC) promoters, respectively. VEGF-B promoted very little angiogenesis. However, mice overexpressing VEGF-B in the heart gradually developed cardiac hypertrophy with increased cardiomyocyte size and, surprisingly, had lower blood pressure, lower heart rate and larger blood vessels in the myocardium than their wild-type (WT) littermates. The hypertrophy was associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology and eventual lysis of mitochondria. We found marked changes in the lipidomic profiles of the transgenic hearts, including increased amounts of ceramides. These results suggest that VEGF-B is capable of altering cardiac lipid metabolism, with overexpression ultimately leading to cardiomyopathy.
Materials and Methods
An expanded Materials and Methods section is available in the online data supplement at http://circres.ahajournals.org.
Generation of Transgenic Mice
To generate keratin-14–VEGF-B transgenic mice, DNA from the human VEGF-B gene was cloned into the keratin-14 expression vector (provided by Dr Elaine Fuchs, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY). To generate the heart-specific transgene, cDNA encoding human VEGF-B16714 was ligated into the αMyHC promoter expression vector (a gift from Dr Jeffrey Robbins, Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio). Expression cassettes were injected into fertilized mouse oocytes of FVB background. Mice were PCR-genotyped using tail DNA. All mouse experiments were approved by the Provincial State Office of Southern Finland and carried out in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse hearts were stained with rat antibodies against mouse platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (Pecam)-1 (BD Pharmingen) using biotinylated anti-rat IgG (Vector Laboratories) and TSA-kit (NEN Life Sciences) for detection. The number and size of Pecam-1–stained vessels were quantified using ImageJ program (NIH). Results are presented as averages±SD.
Acetone-fixed cryosections were stained with antibodies against collagen IV (CosmoBio), laminin-1 (a gift from Päivi Liesi, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland), VEGFR-1 (a gift from Dr Bronek Pytowski, ImClone Systems), neuropilin-1 or VEGF-B (R&D Systems). AlexaFluor488-conjugated anti-rabbit or AlexaFluor594-conjugated anti-goat (Molecular Probes) antibodies were used for detection. Cardiomyocyte sizes were quantified from laminin-1-stained photomicrographs using Axiovision program (Zeiss).
Transthoracic echocardiography was performed using Acuson Ultrasound System (Sequoia512) and a 15-MHz linear transducer. Mice were anesthetized with fentanyl citrate, fluanisone, and midazolam, and normal body temperature was maintained.
Telemetric Analysis
Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded from left carotid artery using telemetric implants as previously described,15 except xylazine was used for anesthesia. Data collection was started on the fifth day when the normal circadian rhythm of the mice had returned. Data were gathered day and night for 2 weeks, every 5 minutes for 10 seconds.
Measurements of Mitochondrial Redox State and Tolerance of Short-Term Ischemia in Isolated, Perfused Hearts
Aorta was cannulated immediately after cervical dislocation and perfusion commenced. The heart was enclosed in a thermostatic, light-tight chamber connected to a spectrophotometer–fluorometer. Left ventricular pressure was monitored using a saline-filled cannula connected to a Statham P231D pressure transducer and SP1400 pressure monitor. Parameters were calculated with custom-designed software. Venous effluent from the heart was collected in 1-minute aliquots and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) washout measured. The values are presented as means±SE.
Angiotensin II–Induced Pressure Overload
Angiotensin (Ang) II was administered via subcutaneous Alzet-minipumps (Scanbur AB) for 1 week (0.1 mg/kg/h). Echocardiography was performed using VEVO 779 Ultrasound System (VisualSonics).
Electron Microscopy
Left ventricular samples were fixed with glutaraldehyde, postosmicated, and embedded in epon. Regions of interest were examined with JEOL 1400 EX Transmission Electron Microscope.
Lipidomic Analysis of Heart Tissue
Lipid extracts of heart tissue, mixed with a labeled lipid standard mixture, were analyzed on a Waters Q-Tof Premier mass spectrometer combined with Acquity Ultra Performance liquid chromatography. Results are presented as means±SEM.
VEGF-B is Minimally Angiogenic in the Skin
We generated transgenic mice overexpressing VEGF-B in the epidermis under the keratin-14 promoter (Figure IA and IB in the online data supplement). Dermal vessel density and branching were only slightly increased (≈20%; supplemental Figure IC), thus VEGF-B only minimally promoted angiogenesis in the skin.
VEGF-B Encoded by a Heart-Specific Transgene is Associated With Pericellular Matrix
As the heart is one of the major sites of VEGF-B expression and the primary organ affected on deletion of the VEGF-B gene, we studied the effects of VEGF-B in this tissue. For this, we overexpressed the heparin-binding VEGF-B isoform, VEGF-B167, under the α-myosin heavy chain (αMyHC) promoter (Figure 1A). The VEGF-B167 transgene was expressed at 6- and 8-fold compared to the endogenous VEGF-B gene in the myocardium of the 2 transgenic mouse lines studied, as analyzed by Northern and Western blotting (supplemental Figure ID and data not shown), and by immunohistochemistry (Figure 1B). Much of the extracellular VEGF-B167 protein colocalized with the pericellular matrix component collagen IV (Figure 1B). Intracellular staining was also observed in denatured samples (Figure 1B, bottom row, middle). VEGFR-1 and neuropilin-1 distribution partially overlapped with that of collagen IV and laminin (Figure 1B and 1C and data not shown), suggesting that extracellular VEGF-B was bound to heparan sulfates in the basal laminae of myocardial blood vessels and cardiomyocytes.
The Hearts of the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 Mice Display Cardiac Hypertrophy But no Significant Change in Systolic Function
The hearts of the transgenic mice appeared bigger and more muscular than the hearts of their WT littermates (Figure 2A). In cross-sections the walls of the left ventricle were thicker and the cardiomyocytes larger (Figure 2B and 2C). Hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes was confirmed by cell area quantification from sections stained for laminin-1 (Figure 2C and 2D). The heart to body weight ratio was significantly higher in the transgenic mice when compared with their littermates (5.93±1.36 mg/g for TG males, average±SD, n=16, as compared to 4.95±0.78 mg/g for WT males, n=16, P<0.02; Figure 2E). An increased heart to body weight ratio was also observed in female transgenic mice (data not shown).
Echocardiography confirmed the left ventricular hypertrophy in the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice as measured by the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (Figure 2F) and interventricular septum (Figure 2G) in diastole and by the functional left ventricular mass (Figure 2H). No change was observed in diastolic left ventricular diameter (Table). The cardiac hypertrophy was more severe in male mice and increased with age (Figure 2F through 2H). However, there was no change in systolic function as measured by ejection fraction and fractional shortening (Table).
Telemetric measurement revealed that the transgenic heart rate was significantly lower than the heart rate of WT littermates (511±52 bpm for TG, n=3, versus 635±20 bpm for WT mice, n=5, P<0.001; Figure 3A). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also lower in the transgenic mice (128±3.6 mm Hg versus 143±5.1 mm Hg in systole and 94±3.7 mm Hg versus 109±5.5 mm Hg in diastole, for TG, n=3, and WT, n=5, mice, respectively, P<0.001; Figure 3B and supplemental Figure II). However, αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice under anesthesia had ventricular extrasystoles and were more prone to arrhythmias (20/28 of TG versus 5/29 of WT mice at 12 months of age). We also observed an increase in the death rate of the transgenic mice (Figure 3C).
The Hearts of the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 Mice Have Larger Blood Vessels
Immunohistochemical staining for Pecam-1 revealed a lower blood vessel density in the hearts of αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice than in WT littermates (236±33 versus 297±38 vessels per microscopic field, n=13, P<0.001; Figure 4A through 4C). However, when calculated per number of cardiomyocyte nuclei in the analyzed area, the number of vessels in transgenic hearts was comparable to that of WT hearts (1.68±0.19, n=7, versus 1.95±0.24, n=5, P>0.05, Figure 4D). The blood vessels in the myocardium of the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice were larger than those of their littermates (average vessel area 1223±244 versus 944±130 pixels, P<0.002, Figure 4E). This was associated with an increase in the number of endothelial cells per vessel cross-section (0.64±0.11, n=6, versus 0.51±0.09, n=4, P<0.004). Thus, the total area covered by blood vessels in the myocardium of the transgenic mice was similar to that of controls (277236±44831 versus 274278±37929 pixels per microscopic field, P>0.5; Figure 4F). This indicates that although VEGF-B167 overexpression did not affect the vessel number per cardiomyocyte, the vessel area per cardiomyocyte was increased.
Mitochondrial Redox State
Central for energy metabolism and heart function is fatty acid oxidation coupled to ATP production in mitochondria. The myocardial content of cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome aa3), a marker of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, was similar in transgenic and control hearts. The steady state oxidation–reduction level of cytochrome aa3 tended to be slightly more reduced in transgenic hearts than in controls (Figure 5A and 5B), which was also the case for the fluorescent flavoproteins. These mainly reflect the activity of mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase, which is in equilibrium with the NADH/NAD pool16 and can therefore be used as a redox indicator for NADH/NAD in the mitochondrial matrix. When the cytochrome aa3 reduction percentage was plotted against mechanical work output during electric pacing to varying heart rates, the plots were linear without a significant difference between the slopes of transgenic and control hearts. Cytochrome aa3 reduction at the intercept (representing 0 work output) was similar for both transgenic and control hearts, indicating no difference in the mitochondrial coupling efficiency (data not shown).
Ischemia and Pressure Overload Tolerance
LDH washout from the transgenic hearts after a 20-minute period of ischemia was significantly less than from WT controls (Figure 5C), suggesting less cellular damage on ischemia-reperfusion. Despite this indication of myocardial protection, the relative work output (pressure development×heart rate) during the first 10 minutes of reperfusion tended to be lower in the transgenic hearts (64±2% versus 90±18%, for TG, n=3, and WT, n=6, hearts, respectively; Figure 5D). After 20 minutes of reperfusion this difference disappeared, the work output being 82±7% (n=3) in the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 hearts and 85±18 (n=3) in the controls (Figure 5D).
Both transgenic and WT mice responded to Ang II–induced pressure overload by decreasing left ventricular internal diameter and stroke volume (WT untreated 34.26±4.47 μL, WT Ang II–treated 28.01±4.48 μL, n=6, P<0.05; TG untreated 39.13±5.17 μL, TG Ang II–treated 28.12±4.47 μL, n=6, P<0.01). Furthermore, the Ang II–treated transgenic mice did not show any functional impairment when compared to Ang II–treated WT littermates in echocardiographic analysis, further confirming that the VEGF-B induced hypertrophy does not compromise heart function.
Mitochondrial Changes in the Transgenic Hearts Are Associated With Abnormal Lipid Accumulation
Despite normal cytochrome concentrations in the transgenic hearts, electron microscopic analysis revealed progressive changes in the structure of cardiomyocyte mitochondria in 2- and 6-month-old transgenic mice (Figure 6A through 6D and supplemental Figure III), including swelling and altered morphology of the cristae (white arrows, Figure 6C), apparently leading to mitochondrial lysis (black arrows). These changes accumulated in older transgenic mice, and intracellular vacuoles were visible in the transgenic hearts in light microscopy at 1 year of age (arrows in Figure 6E). Mitochondrial changes suggested altered energy metabolism in the cardiomyocytes, which use mainly fatty acids as an energy source.
Previous studies have indicated that increased myocardial fatty acid uptake or decreased fatty acid utilization leads to cardiac hypertrophy followed by the accumulation of toxic lipid species.17,18 We therefore carried out lipidomic profiling of the hearts. This analysis revealed a significant increase in de novo synthesized ceramide levels in the transgenic hearts, as measured by the ceramide to sphingomyelin ratio (Figure 7A and supplemental Figure IV), whereas the triacylglycerols were decreased, as normalized to total phospholipid concentrations (Figure 7B) or to tissue weight (data not shown). Ceramides are known for their toxicity and accumulate in pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus or adipose tissue inflammation.19,20 Thus, ceramide accumulation was the probable reason for the observed mitochondrial damage and increased mortality of the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 transgenic mice.
In the present study, we show that elevated expression of VEGF-B induces very little angiogenesis in the skin or heart but, instead, hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle without significant changes in pumping function. Because the transgenic blood pressure and heart rate were decreased, the hypertrophy was not a consequence of increased workload but, rather, caused by an intrinsic metabolic effect induced by cardiomyocyte expression of VEGF-B. Although the transgenic mice had larger myocardial capillaries, their tolerance to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, as well as to Ang II–induced myocardial stress was not compromised. However, evidence was obtained of altered cardiac lipid metabolism, ceramide accumulation, gradual mitochondrial damage, and increased death of the transgenic mice. The unexpected metabolic and trophic effects of VEGF-B in the myocardium and the absence of major angiogenic effects are striking for a member of the VEGF family.
Several studies, including our present results, indicate that VEGF-B is not a major angiogenesis-inducing factor. Instead, VEGF-B may have the ability to potentiate neovascularization in pathological conditions.9 In this regard, VEGF-B differs greatly from placenta growth factor, which also binds to VEGFR-1 and neuropilin-1 and induces angiogenesis in various tissues, including the heart.21,22 In the skin, VEGF-B overexpression only slightly increased dermal capillary density. In the VEGF-B overexpressing hearts, vessel density was decreased because of vessel displacement by hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, whereas vessel diameter was greater so that the total capillary area per cardiomyocyte was increased. VEGF-B staining decorated cardiomyocytes and the pericellular basement membranes, indicating that the transgene was abundantly expressed, and consistent with the finding that VEGF-B167 binds to pericellular heparan sulfate.14 The lack of a significant angiogenic effect is consistent with earlier reports where VEGF-B was expressed in endothelial cells and shown to promote minimal angiogenesis.13
We detected a progressively increasing heart to body weight ratio in the transgenic mice, which was associated with increased thickness of the cardiac muscle wall. The reason for the increased cardiac mass appeared to be hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes as determined by increased cell size, and the transgenic hearts lacked areas of fibrosis or edema. In contrast to forms of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, parallel sarcomere orientation was preserved in the transgenic hearts. Increased β-adrenergic stimulation and systemic hypertension with associated work overload are known to induce a hypertrophic response in the left ventricle, and angiogenesis is known to be essential for overload-induced adaptive cardiac hypertrophy, whereas inhibition of angiogenesis leads to heart failure.23,24 The VEGF-B–induced hypertrophy, however, was not related to these conditions as the heart rate and blood pressure were lower in the transgenic mice, and hypertrophy comprised all parts of the myocardium. Otherwise, the anatomy of the heart and the great vessels was normal. The myocardial hypertrophy in the VEGF-B–overexpressing hearts contrasts with the loss-of-function phenotype of the VEGF-B knockout mice, which have smaller hearts,8 and is consistent with the recent report that adenoviral VEGF-B treatment promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy after myocardial infarction.25
We observed that intracellular vacuoles accumulate in the cardiomyocytes of the transgenic mice. With electron microscopy these were found to be structures left behind from damaged mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial energy metabolism is disturbed in the VEGF-B–overexpressing hearts. As cardiomyocytes mainly use lipids as an energy source, it was logical to analyze their lipidomic profiles. Indeed, lipidomic analysis revealed significant changes in the lipid composition of the hearts and suggested a likely reason for the cardiac hypertrophy. Previous studies have indicated that excess transport of fatty acids can induce cardiac hypertrophy, which converts to lipotoxicity when the mitochondria cannot use all of the available lipids.17 In particular, ceramide accumulation is known to induce mitochondrial damage26 and to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.27 The increased lipolysis of triacylglycerols is the likely reason for their observed depletion in transgenic hearts, and would also explain the elevated ceramide levels. Higher availability of fatty acids resulting from lipolysis would lead to increased demand for mitochondrial β-oxidation, whereas the excess pool of saturated long-chain fatty acids would provide substrate for de novo ceramide synthesis.28
Cardiac hypertrophy has also been described following overexpression of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase in the heart.29 In this case, toxic lipid species accumulated in the hearts. Altered lipid metabolism seems to be the likely cause for the cardiac hypertrophy in the VEGF-B transgenic hearts, and, via increased ceramide accumulation, this would gradually lead to cardiomyocyte damage.
Ceramides are also involved in triggering macroautophagy.30 The intracellular vacuoles in the transgenic hearts suggest ongoing autophagy, which is a normal process in the heart for removal of damaged cytosolic components.31 This process is linked both to cardioprotection and lipolysis. A major portion of myocardial intracellular triacylglycerol hydrolysis is lysosomal,32 and lysosomes are involved in autophagosome formation.31 Moreover, increasing the autophagic capacity of cardiomyocytes decreased apoptosis induction on ischemia/reperfusion.33 These 2 processes, autophagy and lipolysis, both related to lysosomal activities, may link the present observations of protection against ischemic damage, a decrease in myocardial triacylglycerols, and an increase in ceramide. There appears to be a fine balance between the proapoptotic and protective actions of ceramide, because ceramide has been shown to attenuate hypoxic cell death.34 Elevated levels of ceramide could thus at least partly account for the improved cell survival after ischemia in αMyHC-VEGF-B167 hearts.
Hearts isolated from αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice showed some protection against cellular damage after ischemia/reperfusion, as evidenced by less LDH release. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice and controls in the mechanical work output 25 minutes after the beginning of reperfusion, although, during the first 10 minutes, there seemed to be a lag in attaining the basal work output. The causal connection between the subdued commencement of contractions on reperfusion and the decrease in LDH release is unclear. However, in isolated hearts, lower pressure during commencement of reperfusion has been found to protect against injury.35
We monitored the redox state of mitochondria during variable workload and substrate availability, but no systematic effects of the VEGF-B167 overexpression were found (E.L. and I.E.H., unpublished observations, 2004). The response of the redox state of myocardial cytochrome aa3 to workload transitions was normal, and the redox level at extrapolated zero workload was similar in the αMyHC-VEGF-B167 and control hearts, indicating no difference in mitochondrial energy coupling or basal metabolic rate. Interestingly however, VEGF-B expression is correlated with high metabolic activity in tissues, suggesting that its expression is associated with energy metabolism. A recent study has also indicated that the metabolic sensor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) regulates VEGF expression and angiogenesis in ischemic tissues.36 These results shed new light on an important interplay between nutrient demand, metabolism, and vascular supply.
The changes observed in the VEGF-B167 overexpressing cardiomyocytes may be triggered by receptor activation in endothelial cells, followed by an as yet undetermined signaling or metabolite transfer to the cardiomyocytes. The finding that VEGF-B alters cardiomyocyte mitochondria and lipid metabolites in the heart in the absence of overt vessel growth is a new finding for an angiogenic factor. Although, in our case, the excess of VEGF-B ultimately leads to tissue damage, the potential of VEGF-B to regulate cardiomyocyte energy metabolism during shorter treatment periods may turn out to be useful in attempts to salvage myocardial insufficiency where the myocardial energy sources are defective.
We thank Christian Ehnholm for helpful discussion and Raimo Tuuminen and Karl Lemström for help with quantitative histopathology, Ismo Virtanen and Fang Zhao with electron microscopy, Jenni Huusko with echocardiography, Berndt Enholm with generation of αMyHC-VEGF-B167 mice, Seppo Kaijalainen with RT-PCR, Jaana Rysä for providing cDNA samples, and Sandra Castillo for technical assistance. We also thank the Molecular Imaging Unit for microscope support.
Sources of Funding
This study was supported by NIH grant 5-R01-HL075183-02; Academy of Finland Council of Health grants 202852, 204312, and 210599; and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
↵*Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Original received October 7, 2007; resubmission received April 29, 2008; revised resubmission received July 14, 2008; accepted August 20, 2008.
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- Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B in Mouse Heart Alters Cardiac Lipid Metabolism and Induces Myocardial HypertrophyTerhi Karpanen, Maija Bry, Hanna M. Ollila, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Erkki Liimatta, Hanna Leskinen, Riikka Kivelä, Teemu Helkamaa, Mari Merentie, Michael Jeltsch, Karri Paavonen, Leif C. Andersson, Eero Mervaala, Ilmo E. Hassinen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Matej Orešič and Kari AlitaloCirculation Research. 2008;103:1018-1026, originally published October 23, 2008https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.178459
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- Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B in Mouse Heart Alters Cardiac Lipid Metabolism and Induces Myocardial HypertrophyTerhi Karpanen, Maija Bry, Hanna M. Ollila, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Erkki Liimatta, Hanna Leskinen, Riikka Kivelä, Teemu Helkamaa, Mari Merentie, Michael Jeltsch, Karri Paavonen, Leif C. Andersson, Eero Mervaala, Ilmo E. Hassinen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Matej Orešič and Kari AlitaloCirculation Research. 2008;103:1018-1026, originally published October 23, 2008https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.178459Permalink:


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By Pamela Toler
Sometimes a book grabs you by the throat and won't let you put it down. I recently experienced that with Steve Kemper's A Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. I got so wrapped up in the story that I broke my long-standing rule about traveling with hardcover books because I wanted to finish it. I read on the plane. I read whenever there was a pause in vacation activities (and sometimes when there wasn't). I read on the train from the airport and was so engaged that I almost missed my stop.
In the Victorian era, European explorers made their way through Africa in the name of "Christianity, Commerce and Civilization". The adventures of Burton, Stanley, and Livingston are well known. Those of German scientist, historian and linguist Heinrich Barth are almost forgotten. Kemper tells the story of Barth's five-year, 10,000-mile journey through North and Central Africa.
The British Foreign Office hired Barth in 1849 as the lead scientist for an expedition through the central Sudan. When the other members of the expedition died, Barth traveled on alone. Beset by failed supply trains, bandits, avaricious rulers, anti-Christian violence, desert storms, floods and fever, Barth nonetheless wrote detailed accounts of everything he saw. Unlike other African explorers, he showed a deep respect for the peoples and cultures he encountered.
A Labyrinth of Kingdoms is a fascinating account both of one man's journey and of African cultures on the eve of European expansion. Like Barth himself, Kemper turns his attention beyond the narrow concerns of European imperialism and looks at the broader context of Islamic Africa. He gives the reader brief histories of the kingdoms Barth traveled through, including the fabled city of Timbuktu. He compares Barth's adventures and observations not only to those of the British explorers who were his contemporaries, but to the great Islamic travelers of the past who wrote about their experiences in the same regions.
Barth's story is equal parts adventure and scholarship. Kemper treats both with a sure hand.
(This review previously appeared in Shelf Awareness for Readers)

subset: commoncrawl


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"A Global Movement of Positive Energy!"
Krisztina Hogye is a contributing writer for Vertikal Life Magazine and a senior at Bennington College, studying Video, Entertainment Journalism, and Psychology. She has a deep dedication to personal development and is interested in the integration of the spiritual and psychological wisdom of the East and West.She has a strong desire to make a positive difference in the world by inspiring readers to surpass mediocre and achieve their dreams.
It has been confirmed: the script for the third movie of the sequel has been written! Meg Cabot, the author of The Princess Diaries book series, reported to Entertainment Weekly that the script exists. She added that if the movie does get made it would be a tribute to Garry Marshall the director of the first two movies who passed away in 2016. Cabot gave no further details other than that the movie would be slightly different from the book series remarking that she thinks of them as "two different universes."
The Aftermath of Breakup...
The heart-rending French drama, After Love, by the director and co-writer Joachim Lafosse, brings its audience into a home of Marie (enacted by Berenice Bejo) and Boris (enacted by Cedric Khan) and their two angelic young daughters. The intimately painful familial situation arises from the devoted warmth coming to a halt after 15 years of love. Marie and Boris have separated but continue to live together due to financial problems. The film discusses how two parents unknot the situation while still taking care of each other – neither of them are portrayed as the 'good' or 'bad guy,' but both characters' tenderness is acknowledged, and after all, they do still care about each other and their daughters very much.
The film discusses how two parents unknot the situation while still taking care of each other – neither of them are portrayed as the 'good' or 'bad guy,' but both characters' tenderness is acknowledged, and after all, they do still care about each other and their daughters very much.
Inspires Millennials to Follow Their Intuition and Pursue Their Dreams - Without a College Degree
The millennial generation's office space looks less like the traditional 9-to-5 cubicle work places and more like flexible schedules from the comfort of their home. Less and less young adults feel the need to go to college, yet the millennial generation is thriving in new job markets, such as YouTube. Why is this so, and how are 18-year olds inspired to follow their dreams and pursue online careers, such as being a YouTuber full time? In an interview with Stella Rae, YouTuber, and social media influencer, we uncovered the drive that enables fresh high school graduates to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams.
Stella Rae is an 18-year-old beauty and lifestyle vlogger, living out her dreams of being a full-time YouTuber in Los Angeles. Sitting down for the interview, she smiles wholeheartedly and seems to radiate the exact same positive energy as in her videos. If you've seen any of her uploads, you know just how authentic she is and how her honesty shines through. She has absolutely nothing to hide, everything to share.
She tells us that she has been making videos since she was ten. "I could share my life and things I was interested in with the rest of the world. I got into makeup and fashion and then I turned vegan so my videos became more centered around that. So, it's really like a reflection of how I've changed and grown up."


text: The Monsters around Kashuan Keep are significantly harder than the ones north of the area, but they're pretty easy compared to the Snow Field and Snow Cavern encounters. Still, it's nothing you haven't dealt with before, aside from the rare Goblin Princes that have a lot of tricks but can't stand up to much punishment. Use the same tactics that have worked in the past, and you'll be just fine.


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Rougned Odor Cranks First Home Run And Loses Ball In Jersey
by Clayton Richer | Posted on Tuesday, May 13th, 2014
Texas Rangers rookie Rougned Odor had a game for the ages yesterday smashing his first career MLB home run and then front and center on an odd play on defense. The second baseman fielded a ground-ball that snuck inside his shirt causing the runner to reach base.
First MLB Blast:
Bizarre-O Play- Keep Your Eye On The Ball:


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Chaplin Fred Henzler reports to us about the opening of Abba House in Perry, GA. His enthusiasm is obvious. He says, "Wow! What a day yesterday was. It was the grand opening of the Abba House right here in Perry, just a little over a half a mile away from our house. Dignitaries were there, not only local but from around the state. This may be hard for many of you that live up North and other parts of the country to believe but nothing was "politically correct". Our mayor led in prayer and closed in Jesus name. That was just the start. Every speaker said, the only way that people can really be helped is by the saving grace of Jesus Christ. If this were a church program, it might not be surprising but this building was built with federal grants and state inmates did the construction. I am almost afraid to write this because if the word gets out, it may come under investigation. It is great to live in the Bible Belt!"
Abba House is a 15 month program for women with addictions. The program began in Florida in 1992. Another homeexists in North Georgia. The program is Christ-centered. "They have a phenomenal success rate. Over 70% of the women who stick with this program for the 15 months are completely clean and living for the Lord. Compare this to government programs where only 15% of the women successfully stay off drugs."
"Ever since we began working in the jail almost 10 years ago, we began to feel burdened for the women who would be released. Most men can find a job in construction or in fast food. Many of these women have no job skills nor even the ability to manage their lives," reports Chaplain Henzler.
To meet this need, the Abba House in Perry now has a beautiful 7800 square foot home that will house 30 women.
All this began with one man, Frank Shelton. He started and built a company that grew to serve the whole nation with headquarters in Perry, GA. He prospered but saw the need of many people. He sold his company and started the Perry Volunteer Outreach in order to help all types of people who had physical and financial needs. This exposed him to the needs of those who had been incarcerated and were released with no place to go. He saw the needs of women whose families had disowned them. Many began as a teen, to live with a man who would beat them and expose them to drugs. He started Grace Village for homeless women to stay for a month. He purchased the land and was able to build a beautiful building in much the same way that the Abba House was built. He soon realized that these women needed more than a month to learn how to live the Christian life and be ready to go out into society. Now, at Abba House women have the opportunity to spend 15 months in a Christian environment learning financial, computer and leadership skills. Above all, they learn how to trust the Lord, control their lives and have victory over their addictions.


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Yesterday kicked off 100 glorious days of the summer season. The productive sounds of lawn mowers, joyful children laughing and splashing in nearby pools, the fragrant aroma of meat cooking on the grill, the lulling sound of katydids chirping at night, the sweet sight of beautiful plants and flowers…my senses are overstimulated with the wonder of summer.
I love that most of our churches, para-church organizations and non-profits curb the meetings and activities during the summer, providing extra time for our intentional rest, recreation, and relaxation. Before you make your "Summer To Do List," let's talk about family reunions.
Does your extended family get together as a reunion, or just for weddings and funerals? Perhaps, with your leadership, this summer will be different.
You might be thinking, "I don't really like being around my big family. I enjoy hanging out with my friends more." Beloved, yes, we get to choose our friends and not our family. No family is perfect. As I heard someone I greatly respect say, "Each family puts the 'FUN' in 'dysFUNction.'" Please focus on the good attributes of each family member and remember that we share the same bloodline. Let's look in the mirror and remember we all have flaws.
Perhaps plan some activity around some of the interests your family share. For example, my Mom's family likes to dance, so we plan to have beach music playing and a makeshift dance floor available.
When you get together, please plan to reminisce and capture those priceless family stories, especially from the more senior members of the family. With the easy video-recording on Smartphones these days, it's a wonderful way to record your family's memories of your history and "the way things were." How did your grandparents/parents meet? What was it like when they were growing up?
This summer, I encourage you to reach out to your grandparents, parents, children, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, in-laws, and organize a casual, low-key family reunion. Please know it doesn't have to be fancy, formal, or even cost much money. It can be in a family member's backyard or a church fellowship hall. If family is coming from out-of-town, you can have several options available for staying with nearby family or nearby hotels rooms blocked. Some may want to rent a beach-house or mountain home.
Each day is a gift; that's why it's called "the present." Savor every moment of this summer. Please make the first step to spend some intentional time with your family. One piece of advice a mentor told me once: "Always treat your friends like family, and your family like friends."
–What will you do to bring some of your family together this summer? Please comment.
–What are some of the activities you do together as an extended family?
–"A father to the fatherless, a defender of widows, is God in His holy dwelling. God sets the lonely in families, He leads forth the prisoners with singing; but the rebellious live in a sun-scorched land." –Psalm 68:5-6 NIV84.
–"Jesus…said, 'Go home to your family and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and how He has had mercy on you.'" –Mark 5:19 NIV84
–"Give proper recognition to those widows who are really in need. But if a widow has children or grandchildren, these should learn first of all to put their religion into practice by caring for their own family and so repaying their parents and grandparents, for this is pleasing to God." –1 Timothy 5:3-4 NIV84
–This week, please plan to call or contact at least three family members you haven't spoken to in a long time.
–How did you feel after you called them?
In 2006, we organized 30 of my Mom's family in the majestic NC mountains in Valle Crucis at the Valle Crucis Conference Center. We all stayed in a lovely 1920's old dormitory, complete with huge stone fireplace downstairs, and perfect hardwood floors for dancing. (only about $60 per person for accommodations and all three daily meals–easy and beautiful 1920s old school dormitory, including rocking chairs on the porch)


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I've been making this for years and it never fails to satisfy. A simple "set it and forget it" meat recipe that's great for burritos, tacos, fajitas and even soup.
Slow Cooker Green Sauce Beef
2lb. Tri-tip roast
28oz. can mild green enchilada sauce
4oz. can diced green chilies
2 tsp. ground cumin
1 tsp. garlic salt
1 tsp. black pepper
½ tsp. crushed red pepper flakes
1 tsp. dried oregano
Chopped cilantro, optional
Place roast in crock pot. Add all remaining ingredients. Cook on high about 6 hours (or low about 8 hours).
These are great for green-sauce burritos with sharp cheddar cheese. Wrap meat and cheese in flour tortillas. Line them up in a baking dish. Spoon green sauce over the top with a little more cheese. Bake at 350 for 30 minutes.
(NOTE: if you prefer chicken instead, this same recipe is delicious using either Jack cheese or Monterey Jack for the burritos. Yum!!)


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Have you ever dreamt of taking up a course in painting? And what if you had to pack your bags and travel thousands and thousands of miles and land up in Barcelona..
Well here's your chance . At the Miro foundation you can see Joan Miro's painting and also get blessed by Pablo Picasso's earlier works. Museu d' Art Contemporani de Barcelona which is the Barcelona Contemporary Museum of Art exhibits a glimpse of the Barcelona painter Antoni Tàpies.
The painting activities which take place always consists of a minimum group of 20 people and a maximum group of 200 people. When this gets startled a large canvas of painting is given by each team.
In addition to it a lot of courses in painting are also offered at Barcelona.
These courses are learnt by observing visual composition and the colour and light of the environment around. The steps involved in all the painting courses in Barcelona consists of analysis and interpretation of visual reality. Workshops for painting are carried out in abundant scale in Barcelona.
Summer intensive courses are carried out in Barcelona too. They believe that rhythm is more important in any form of art form. This also is true in the case of painting as well. A lot of opportunities are presented to people who want to portray their talent and skills in painting. The program was introduced in the year 1989. The sessions are conducted on every weekdays from 10 am to 2 pm. A proper schedule has been implemented by the organizers to facilitate the provisions for all the people. These programs inculcate the values of creativity and a sense of awareness among the people.
A lot of painting activities are organized for students and children. Classes are always conducted by distinguished and well known faculty. Each year many people find themselves engrossed and making their way for this auspicious event. Along with painting art therapy, digital photography, action surf photography and studio art photography are also conducted. Innumerable works and paintings of famous artists can be seen across Barcelona. This city celebrates its economic and cultural power with the help of all these true artifacts.


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'NDS - Emulation and Homebrew' started by rockstar99, Jul 3, 2009.
Version 0.5
i only have 2 skins and yah when im updating ill put the update in the saper topic btw edo you like the skin
Why don't you post some screenshots?
i will
in a while
I think he already did
Wasn't that DSision?
This is true. He already did.
HEHEHEHE it sure is.
Oh that's right. He has so many fake DSi ones it's hard to keep track.
Is this skin already finished?


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- Power Bank Battery Case 5500mAh for Samsung Galaxy S8 Plus - Black
Product Description
The Power Bank Battery Case for Samsung Galaxy S8 Plus provides premium edge-to-edge protection for your device, and delivers extra battery with the flip of a switch. The lightweight design keeping your smartphone protected from whatever the day brings - including loss of battery life. You can even recharge both devices and sync your device while it's inside the case.
- Provides power to your Galaxy S8 Plus when you're on the go.
- High-impact protection.
- Powerful 5500 mAh rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery.
- Pass-through charge and sync means you don't have to remove the case to charge and sync your device.
- Standby switch gives you the ability to choose when to charge or when to save your extra battery.
- LED power indicators.
- Compatible with Samsung Galaxy S8 Plus.
- Lithium-polymer battery.
- Capacity: 5500 mAh.
- Input Voltage: DC 5V.
- Input Current: 1.8A.
- Output Voltage: DC 5V.
- Output Current: 1.8A.
- Input Port:Type-C.
- Output Port: Type-C.
- Dimension: 164.6mm x 76.2mm x 17.3mm.
- Color: Black.
Compatible Devices


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This just in!
CLICK HERE for close-up pics of all four Wet n Wild Fall 2014 Limited Edition Coloricon 5-Pan Palettes (thanks to reader @cindyx823).
CLICK HERE for swatches and comparisons of the Wet n Wild Fall 2014 Limited Edition Megalast Matte Lipsticks and Nail Colors (thanks to readers @roguedarkholme and @makeuplunchanddinner).


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Doctoral Research Design 1
|2 Quarter Hours
|Course Level
|CPS - Graduate
|Offers students an opportunity to begin to develop their thesis project, to review and understand different approaches to policy research design, and to learn basic literature search/bibliographic review techniques. By the end of the course, students are expected to have written a literature review in their topic of interest and to produce a general project purpose statement that will guide the design of their thesis project.
PrerequisitesStudents should refer to the CPS Prerequisite Table for course prerequisite and corequisite information.
Course SectionsThere are no current sections scheduled for this course. Undergraduate course numbers changed beginning with the Fall 2016 term. Please make sure you are using the current course number.
Next Term Starts
Summer UndergraduateJul 3, 2017 (7.5-week classes)
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Oct 25, 2017 (7.5-week classes)
Fall GraduateSep 18, 2017 (6- and 12-week classes)
Oct 30, 2017 (6-week classes)
Talk to an Enrollment Coach
We can walk you through your program options and the application process.
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text: Leonie and Lois are two designers who make lamps (as well as bow ties, as in the photo) from old jeans. The pieces of jeans are glued together with wood glue, but they are experimenting use of corn starch. You can also send them your old jeans and the designers will make a lamp out of them.Add to Lightbox Download


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With all of the focus on obesity in the media today, it can be hard to view exercise as a bad thing. While most people are urged to get more exercise, exercise addiction is a real and prevalent problem. Addiction can manifest in many ways, and exercise is one of them. In fact, many people who over-exercise also have eating disorders and may struggle with other addictions. If you think you might be addicted to exercise, here are five sure-fire signs of an exercise addiction.
Withdrawal Symptoms
Exercise should have a beneficial effect upon your mood even on the days that you do not work out. However, those who are addicted to exercise often feel similar withdrawal symptoms as those who are addicted to drugs. Do you feel moody, anxious or depressed if your exercise routine is interrupted? If so, then you may be experiencing symptoms that could point to an addiction.
Frequent Injuries
Those who are addicted to exercise frequently push their body beyond its physical limits. Therefore, avid exercisers who experience frequent injuries may be overdoing their workout. If you find yourself working out despite a serious injury, then you should be especially concerned because your exercise addiction could be causing you bodily harm.
Loss of Control
Are you unable to stop working out even once you know you have reached your limits? Do you feel compelled to squeeze in a workout on a busy day even if it is past midnight and you have to wake up early? Not being able to control your urges to exercise is another serious sign of an addiction. According to the health professionals at DelrayRecoveryCenter.com, contact a center that can help you if you feel like you've lost complete control of your life.
Time Constraints
Those who are addicted to exercise may find that it disrupts other areas of their life by taking up too much time. For most people, an hour long workout session once a day is enough. However, exercise addiction can cause a person to work out for much longer than is necessary to maintain one's physical health. If you have ever missed a major appointment, deadline or your loved ones have expressed concern about the time you spend at the gym, then you may need to assess your workout habits.
Extensive Workouts
Every athlete enjoys surpassing the occasional workout goal, yet they know it is important to stick to their workout plan. For someone addicted to exercise, however, it is common to go above and beyond one's exercise goals. Therefore, be wary if you frequently run many more miles or lift way more weight than you had ever planned. By staying aware of this and the other signs of a possible addiction, you can get help so that you can ensure your exercise routine does not have a negative impact upon your overall health.
Author Bio: This article was written by Dixie Somers and coauthored by Stanley Martinson. Dixie is a freelance writer and frequent blogger for the topics of home, health, and family.


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My favourite thing about travelling is eating. Well… my favourite thing about anything is eating. I'm one of those people who can plan my life around restaurant reviews, and who gets a little more than cranky when I start to get hungry.
When travelling, I find that good food experiences can be some of my most memorable travel experiences, and there is nothing better than discovering new foods with family and friends. So what were my favourite food discoveries from Indonesia?
My culinary tour around Indonesia was a little bit limited. A lot of time we were spending in small towns, or at our hotel which was located outside the city centre. We found that these hotel restaurants and small town food stalls had extremely limited menus. Noodles for three meals a day? Good thing I like noodles. But despite those limitations, we still got to have some pretty good food experiences.
Satay is incredibly popular in Indonesia. These meat skewers are cooked over extremely hot coals and slathered in peanut sauce. The most common satay you will find is chicken satay. Satay skewers were Jacobs (our two year old) favourite food in Indonesia. Flavourful, filling, but not spicy. Satay is the perfect appetizer or snack, especially if you are not a huge fan of spice.
I'm not a big fan of meatballs, but this meatball and noodle soup is right up Dan's alley. I have a weird aversion to the meats of more than one animal being mashed up and combined together, so I normally stay away from this type of dish, but this soup is incredibly popular among students. This is your typical Indonesian street food with the soup consisting of meatballs, noodles, shallots, and boiled egg.
Nasi Goreng
This is pretty much Indonesia's national dish, and you probably won't be able to visit the country without eating it at least once. This fried rice dish is smothered in a sweet and thick soy sauce and garnished with meat and veggies.
Sop Buntut
Sop Buntut is otherwise known as Oxtail Soup. Oxtail soup is made with slices of fried oxtail in a clear soup broth with various vegetables, such as boiled potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, leek, celery, and fried shallots. Oxtail soup is gaining popularity very quickly in Indonesia.
Mie Goreng
You can't legally graduate from university without living off of Mie Goreng for at least part (if not all) of your studies. These instant noodles loved by the young and the broke across the world come from Indonesia. This spicy fried noodle dish is often served with egg or chicken and is garnished with vegetables. When we were staying in some of the smaller towns, Mie Goreng was our only option for breakfast, lunch and dinner. You can't leave Indonesia without eating at least one (or twenty) plates of these popular noodles.


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Sting is currently in the Bahamas on a spiritual speaking trip with Ted DiBiase, Lex Luger and Nikita Koloff.
Hermie Sadlerâ<80><99>s UWF promotion and MCW will hold a joint show on June 9th at the Pavilion in Fort Meade, Maryland. The following names are scheduled to appear: Sabu, Team 3-D, Steve Corino, Christopher Daniels, Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt, Maven, Super Dragon, Joey Ryan, Scott Lost, Chris Bosh, Danny Doring and more.
Have a news tip? Attended an event and want to send a live report?


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Reuters Staff
1 Min Read
Jan 5 (Reuters) - Pacific Plywood Holdings Ltd :
* Connected transaction in relation to proposed termination of SU's undertaking
* Company plans and intends to adopt revised business model Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays.
© 2018 Reuters. All Rights Reserved.


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Ed's worked with artists like Rick Ross to Taylor Swift before, so we aren't surprised he's added Hilary to the list. We're sure one his famous pals put him on to her.
"I'm cutting an Ed Sheeran song next week, which I'm really excited about," she recently told MTV News during an interview. She said the tune would be out soon.
Ed's not the only famous singer Hilary has been linked to lately. She was just caught hanging out with Carrie Underwood in Los Angeles. As for Ed, he's releasing his new album soon and he's working on music with The Game.
Are you excited to check out Hilary's new music with Ed? Are you ready for her comeback?
Want More? Like us on Facebook
Gallery | Ed Sheeran and His Famous Friends


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Kosovo Albanians detained during wartime by the Serbian authorities still fear that they could be re-arrested, as the case of a man held last week at the Croatia-Serbia border highlighted.
|The Kosovo-Serbia border crossing. Photo: BIRN
Former wartime prisoners from Kosovo have expressed concerns about the possibility of re-arrest after Xhavit Kolgeci was detained at the Croatia-Serbia border on August 17 while he was travelling from Slovenia to Kosovo.
Kolgeci alleged that he was tortured at the border and then taken to Nis in southern Serbia, where he was questioned at the local court about 46 other former prisoners from villages around Suhareka/Suva Reka, which was heavily targeted during the war by Belgrade's forces, who arrested hundreds of locals.
"Among the names that I remember they asked about are Arben Kolgeci, Emri Loshi, Gazmend Bytyqi, Milazim Kolgeci, Rasim Guraziu, Maliq Shukolli, etc," Kolgeci said.
These names appear on a list of 151 former Kosovo Albanian prisoners from Suhareka/Suva Reka which was compiled by the Council for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and which BIRN has seen.
Not all of them were Kosovo Liberation Army members, but all were accused of terrorism.
After the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, intended to stop Belgrade's military campaign in Kosovo began in March 1999, Albanian prisoners were transferred to Serbia.
Human Rights Watch said in 1999 that the Yugoslav government had acknowledged that approximately 1,900 Kosovo Albanians were being held in detention facilities in Serbia, although some known detainees did not appear on the government's list.
The Associated Press then reported that in March 2002, Belgrade decided to allow all the Kosovo Albanian prisoners still in jails in Serbia to be transferred to Kosovo.
Many prisoners are believed to have paid between 10,000 and 20,000 Deutschmarks for their release.
|Xhavit Kolgeci. Photo: Facebook.
Kolgeci, who was first in detention from 1998 to 2002, was ultimately released last week after being questioned by court officials in Nis.
"Initially I was asked why I did not respond to a court summons. I told them that I had not received any request and I knew that my case was closed, because I was released after that court decision," he said.
Bashmir Xhemaj, the head of the foreign minister's office in Kosovo, said that he knew of similar cases of Kosovo Albanians being arrested in Serbia on expired charges dating back to wartime.
"This happened because Kolgeci was in prison before, and Serbia has not updated the lists [of Kosovo Albanians who are wanted] across the country and with Interpol internationally, therefore we have repeatedly raised concerns with the Serbian authorities and international bodies because this is not the only case," said Xhemaj.
Serbia's wanted list is not public, so many Kosovo Albanians do not know if they are suspects who are liable to arrest or not.
All former Kosovo Liberation Army fighters, former prisoners and others who were involved in the Kosovo war are at risk of being arrested if they enter Serbia, said the chairman of the Council for Protection of Rights and Freedoms in Kosovo, Behgjet Shala.
"Serbia has not made public the list of those who are wanted, so as long as we don't have any official explanation regarding those lists, I call upon all those who think they could be stopped by the Serbian authorities to avoid passing through the territory of Serbia," Shala told BIRN.
Former prisoner Nesim Morina told BIRN that he was arrested and accused of terrorism during the war, but released in 2000 after his family paid 15,000 Deutschmarks to a Serbian lawyer who was supposed to pay the authorities on their behalf.
He said that during the war, being Albanian was enough to get arrested.
"The Serbian authorities wrote down fictional charges, which we did not have any idea about," he said
Since he was freed, Morina has never received any summons from the Serbian authorities, and has been given no official notification to say if he is still wanted or not.
Now an official at Kosovo's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development, Morina passed through Serbia in 2015for the first time after the war on an official trip, but wasn't stopped by the authorities.
However, he said he was now more concerned about the possibility of being re-arrested.
"After I heard that Kolgeci had been arrested, I would not feel safe travelling through Serbia anymore," he said.
BIRN contacted the Serbian prosecutor's office for information about the wanted list, but received no reply by the time of publication.


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Warner Bros. 1 hour 36 minutes PG-13
Zach Braff describes directing as the most fun job in the world because you can hire the best and he did. Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, and Alan Arkin play well together as Willie, Joe and Al in a remake of the 1979 film starring late greats George Burns, Art Carney and Lee Strasberg.
The funniest scenes are when Freeman, Caine and Arkin spring into action trying to rob a store and a bank together. Freeman says the most difficult part was hiding a full pork roast in his pants and a dozen eggs in his shirt and run, then jump into the front basket of a motorized Little Rascal driven by Michael Caine. Caine says that was the most fun for him, too. Plus, watching these novice criminals rob a bank masked as the Rat Pack is entertaining.
In this film, the retired friends are struggling financially. While Caine is at his bank because they may soon foreclose on his house, an elaborately planned bank robbery occurs. It's slick, no one is hurt, and the robbers get away with more than a million dollars.
When he and Joe and Al find out that the pensions earned working in a steel factory for decades are being completely cut, they agree to go into training to rob the company bank with the help of Jesus played by John Ortiz (Kong: Skull Island, Silver Lings Playbook) showing them the ropes. Smarmy bank officer, Chuck, played just obnoxiously enough by Josh Pais, (TV's Ray Donovan, Law and Order) gives Caine plenty of good reason to go after his money.
Freeman loved getting to work with actors he says he really enjoys watching. It's Caine and Freeman's 6th film together. Caine thinks that most actors are really comedians at heart. And with Arkin, they seemed to fall into comfortable mix. Braff says, they're all such good actors that even when he yelled cut, they would keep going as their characters, taking off on the script written by Ted Melfi (Hidden Figures, St.Vincent). Braff not only loved directing this film, but says he really loved watching the collaboration of these 3 great academy award winning actors. Christopher Lloyd is there, too, as a wild and crazy senior.
Arkin's subtle comedy, as seen in Little Miss Sunshine and Argo, is just the right touch. He's sarcastic with his buddies and even more with Ann Margret as Annie, who has her sexy sights on his crusty character. Arkin has worked with Margret before. He thinks she's an absolute delight and acted like a kid who's never been on a set before.
There are sub stories giving background to each of their families. Braff has not created an Academy Award winner in itself, but the film definitely has it's moments. Joey King who plays Brooklyn Harding, Joe's granddaughter says its sweet, funny and all about grumpy guys finding their "youngness" again as they put together the heist. We agree, she's right on the money.


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Does your job search process consist of seeing how many job applications you can send off each day? If you fall into the category of job seekers who have applied for hundreds of jobs and haven't heard back on any of them, there's a reason why you're not being successful in your search.
When you're searching for a job, quality is more important than quantity. You could find hundreds of wrong job openings before you find one that could be right for you. Spending hours applying to those jobs is a waste of time, and it isn't going to help your job search be any more successful.
A focused search is necessary in order to find the right jobs to apply for. To begin your search, look around at the job postings that are out there and decide which ones seem like the best fit for you. Take note of the common elements- job titles, types of experience required, job requirements- and then begin a more focused search for postings with similar elements. This step- and making a commitment in your search to only pay attention to the right type of job postings- is the key to ensuring that you focus your search from the start.
Here are a few questions to ask yourself when taking a closer look at your job search:
Do you at least meet the minimum qualifications for the job? Choose the jobs you apply for wisely. If you don't meet the minimum requirements, then don't apply. Why waste your time applying for a job you're not qualified for?
Are you spending enough time working on each application? If you are pumping out multiple job applications a day, maybe you aren't spending enough time on each one. Are you customizing each application, focusing your cover letter and resume specifically for each job?
If you got the job you're applying for, would it be a good fit? You shouldn't apply for a job that you wouldn't really want if it was offered to you. If you know a job probably isn't going to be a good fit just by looking at the posting, then don't apply for it. Save your energy for completing applications for the jobs you really want.
Is the job in line with your career track and/or areas of interest? Finding a job you're qualified for is one thing, but finding a job that interests and excites you, and follows your desired career path, is another. Aim for a job that you are qualified for AND that is going to challenge and stimulate you. If you are excited about your job, it feels less like a job.
Once you are able to identify the right job postings, dedicate the time to making each application the best it can be for that position. Focus your cover letter and resume. Customize your application materials so the employer or hiring manager has no doubt that you had their company and their opening in mind when you submitted your application materials.
Focus on quality- both the quality of the jobs you choose to apply for, and the quality of your work in preparing the best application materials possible- for a successful job search.


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Dear week, you aren't quite happening like I planned. Please get yourself in order. Dear Madeline, thank you for the impromptu demonstration of what people do when they are poisoned. I have no idea how you came up with that. It's also a little alarming that your baby (Pink-Pink) has been poisoned no less than six times. You really should keep a better eye on her. Dear 30 degree weather, I am LOVING you. Stick around. Dear Susannah, you really are a child of the south. And yes, we will turn on the "hot air conditioner" for you.
Tag: Kids
Tuesday Letter
Dear Susannah, I'm not sure when you became such a little organizer, but you're slowly killing me with all of your "projects." Oh, and next time you organize the garage, please don't stack everything right in front of the freezer. Also, don't booby-trap your work with weights. My foot doesn't thank you. Dear Madeline, even though you seem to have no doubt about it, I'm not sure that God looks just like Colonel Sanders. Dear me, I just don't know what to say to you for having more phone apps than both Jerm AND Billy. There's something very wrong with that. Dear Mad, whatever possessed you to take off all of your clothes except my gigantic shoes and have a long singing session on the toilet? I'm never quite sure what I'm going to find when I go check on absentee kids who've locked themselves in the bathroom.
Tuesday Letter
Dear Madeline, although it's awesome that when you grow up you want to be a grandma, you might want to survive motherhood first. Good luck with that. Dear Susannah, I love how excited you are to start school. I'll ask you again in a month. Dear self, it's kind of freaky how quickly you changed your mind about your absolutely-no-dog-ever rule when you saw those puppies. I don't even know you anymore. Dear Jerm, even though you're the only sane one….have you changed your mind about the puppy yet?
Tuesday Letter
Dear Madeline, I'm going to miss your tiny training-wheel-less bike flying down the sidewalk. I've never seen a kid ride such a little bike before. Dear Susannah, your questions and logic are killin me, smalls. Please, just give my brain a break once in a while. Dear Jerm, thanks for suffering (in silence) through the world's longest shopping trip last weekend. I had a blast (even if you didn't). Dear Madeline (again), you have an answer for everything, don't you? If only I could somehow write in your squeaky voice so the rest of the world could hear how cute you are. Dear self, you're totally scoring on the smokin deals this week. Go you.
Tuesday Letter
Dear Madeline, you're really a nut. Especially when you draw super long, twisted snakes and then when we comment on it's extreme length reply that "yeah, it's because he really needs a haircut." Dear Susannah, when did you become so grown up? It kills me when you very seriously say stuff like, "Mom, I'm tellin ya, it just wouldn't be good." Dear Jerm, thanks for not making us do the entire haul to Colorado in one day. I don't think I could have handled any more "are we there yets" by the time we got to Amarillo. Dear Mad (again), No, you can't "dwound" as soon as your head goes under the water in the pool. But I know it was scary. As you say, "good gweef."
{this moment}
A Friday ritual. A single photo – no words – capturing a moment from the week. A simple, special, extraordinary moment. A moment I want to pause, savor and remember.
– inspired by SouleMama
Tuesday Letter (the late-ish edition)
Dear Madeline, just because a tree is dead does not mean that it's poisonous. Thanks for telling us that like you know, though. Dear Jerm, the mommy song you made up with the girls is adorable. It's even funnier when you conduct with your socks. Dear cold, you picked a bad week. You should know that sickness during birthday-prep week is off-limits. Dear Susannah, daddy was very offended when you told him that his "skirt was soooo handsome." Even though you used your super-sweet, two-octaves-higher-than-normal voice that you save for when you're being especially nice. He wants you to know that they were shorts, NOT a skirt. I'll repeat it again for good measure. Daddy doesn't wear skirts. 😉


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Contact your local IHG® Rewards Club Customer Care to source your PIN and to update your profile with your email address. When you receive your PIN you can also update your email address via www.ihg.com/updateemail.
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Topics: Society judging couples living together before marriage?
Looking for an online dating site with a large Christian user base? Below are our experts' top picks, along with ratings based on number of Christian users, success rate, date quality and other factors. Each site offers a 100% free trial and is easily searchable by religion, denomination, and more.
DatingAdvice.com is a free online resource that offers valuable content and comparison services to users. To keep this resource 100% free for users, we receive advertising compensation from the sites listed on this page. Along with key review factors, this compensation may impact how and where sites appear on the page (including, for example, the order in which they appear). DatingAdvice.com does not include listings for all dating sites.
Our Experts Say: "More Christian singles are members of Match.com than any other dating site. Match.com has also led to more relationships and marriages than any other." Full Review »


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Speak directly to a Registered Dietitian to get answers to your nutrition and healthy eating questions. This service is free to everybody who lives in Ontario. Call toll-free:
Watch this video to see what happens when you call EatRight Ontario.
Phone lines are open 9am-5pm ET Monday to Friday.
Food Portions Toolkit
My Menu Planner
Read on for practical tips and information to get you moving.
Eating right and being active go hand in hand. Do your eating habits support your active lifestyle? Use this checklist as a guide.
Being active at work can help you be more productive and lower stress. The good news is, every bit of activity counts! Read on to find out how much physical activity you need and how to get active at work.
Regardless of age, everyone can exercise and benefit from it, even if you have never been active before. Find out how you can get started today.
Learn more about physical activity and get tips on how to encourage your kids to get active.
Read on to learn about five popular sports supplements and whether they can help you improve your sport performance.
Video: Make Glazed Trout and Seafood Chowder
Tips for eating out with kids
What's the difference between omega-3 and omega-6 fats?


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Here is my beautiful blue cover for MAD ABOUT THE EARL (released on January 3 2012)!
I was so pleased the artist used blue because of the scene where Rosamund and Griffin first meet:
Sweet. Jesus.
He nearly shoved his head under the pump for another dousing. If the reaction of every other male in the vicinity hadn't told him his eyes didn't lie, he'd have believed her a vision conjured by exhaustion. But not even his imagination could have manufactured such a breathtaking piece of womanhood.
She wore a deep cobalt blue riding habit that fitted her form so precisely, his hands itched to shape themselves around those well-defined curves. The habit was in the military style, with elaborate silver lacing across her torso that drew the eye to a magnificent bosom and trim waist.
Griffin peeled his gaze from her mouthwatering form and forced it to her face. Eyes as blue as the heavens stared at him beneath a sweep of thick black lashes and delicately arched brows. Rich golden ringlets escaped artfully from one side of her jaunty black hat.
The angle of that hat seemed unconscionably rakish. In fact, with her pearly skin and her adorable bow of a mouth, celestial eyes and gilt curls, the set of that particular piece of millinery struck a jarringly saucy note. It was as if an angel stood before him, closing one eye in a sly, knowing wink.
Stunned as he was, moments passed before the truth crashed in on him, like Armageddon.
Lady Rosamund Westruther.
Bloody. Bloody. Hell.


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J. R. R. Tolkien Quotes About SoldiersQuotes about: Soldiers
Fantasy is escapist, and that is its glory. If a soldier is imprisioned by the enemy, don't we consider it his duty to escape?. . .If we value the freedom of mind and soul, if we're partisans of liberty, then it's our plain duty to escape, and to take as many people with us as we can!
I have in this War a burning private grudge—which would probably make me a better soldier at 49 than I was at 22: against that ruddy little ignoramus Adolf Hitler (for the odd thing about demonic inspiration and impetus is that it in no way enhances the purely intellectual stature: it chiefly affects the mere will). Ruining, perverting, misapplying, and making for ever accursed, that noble northern spirit, a supreme contribution to Europe, which I have ever loved, and tried to present in its true light.
J. R. R. Tolkien
- Born: January 3, 1892
- Died: September 2, 1973
- Occupation: Writer
- Cite this Page: Citation


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Rolf Petermann has joined the bank from Dresdner Kleinwort, where he had been European co-head of the financial institutions group. Petermann, who will be based in London, will head the German and Austrian financial institutions group.In Paris, Dominique Favillier has joined to cover French and Belgian banks. He ...
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File:Charcoal sticks 051907.jpg
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The following pages on Schools Wikipedia link to this image (list may be incomplete):
A background to Schools Wikipedia
All five editions of Schools Wikipedia were compiled by SOS Children. SOS Childrens Villages helps more than 2 million people across 133 countries around the world. Why not try to learn more about child sponsorship?


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Celebrity Gossips
Heath Ledger Daughter: Michelle Williams Reveals Difficulties In Raising Matilda
Michelle Williams has opened up about the difficulties raising Matilda, her 11-year-old daughter. The single mother has been raising Matilda herself since the death of Heath Ledger.
Health Ledger, known for his epic role as the Joker in "The Dark Knight," passed away in 2008.
Williams met Ledger on the set of "Brokeback Mountain," a film that got them Oscar nominations. The two began dating afterwards.
ALSO READ: SPOILERS – 'Justice League' Trailer #3 Leaked? The Flash In Action, No Superman And More
Michelle Williams Misses Heath Ledger?
According to the Huffington Post, in an interview with Porter magazine, Michelle shared her struggles for the Incredible Women issue. The single mother claimed in the interview that she has been very sensitive about her dating life, placing a lot of focus on Matilda.
Talking to the magazine about her difficulties, Michelle shared what was hitherto unknown. "In all honesty, for pretty much everything else, I feel like I'm a believer in not fighting circumstances, accepting where you are and where you've been. In pretty much all senses but one."
Michelle also said, "I would be able to go totally down that line of thinking were it not for Matilda not having her dad. You know that's just something that doesn't … I mean, it just won't ever be right."
ALSO READ: Green Lantern Unites Justice League In New Artwork
Michelle Williams struggles to raise Matilda
An emotional Michelle revealed, "I watched [Matilda] warm in the sun, in her swimsuit, get on her bicycle and smile and wave as she rode off to go meet her friends. I went back into the house and sobbed because of this incredibly simple moment ― common everyday happiness. I really felt like in that moment, like wow, we've done it."
She ended on a high note by mentioning, "Not only are we OK, she's happy. Life has brought us to a place that's not just surviving, but thriving."
The actress gave birth to her daughter on October 2005. They named her Matilda Rose Ledger. By September 2007, the couple was reported to have put an end to their relationship.
Ledger had a cardiac arrest and passed away in New York. It was after his death that the Australian actor received the Oscar for his role in "The Dark Knight" as the Joker.
ALSO READ: 'Justice League' Iceland Set Photo Revealed, Aquaman Involved?
Want to receive more news on Michelle Williams and Heath Ledger? Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.


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Environmental Podcasts
Here you'll find informative and interesting podcasts recommended by SEJ members.
Jump to navigation
Here you'll find informative and interesting podcasts recommended by SEJ members.
Long-time SEJ member Janet Raloff is the editor and driving force behind Science News for Students (SNS), an award-winning online publication dedicated to providing age-appropriate, topical science news to learners, parents and educators.
SEJ members Adam Glenn and Julia Kumari Drapkin partner with New York public radio flagship WNYC on a new participatory sensor reporting project exploring urban heat islands and health impacts in Harlem.
Clean Energy Wire's guide provides international correspondents with an overview of the key stories, experts/decision-makers and facts of Germany's landmark energy transition.
With a $200,000 grant from a generous anonymous donor with a background in news reporting, Project Word has launched FIRE, a one-year pilot project for a program to help independent journalists by providing two services: a complimentary help desk and a virtual newsroom.
This new, mobile-friendly, digital guide from the Donald W. Reynolds Journalism Institute, produced by longtime SEJ member Adam Glenn, features an extensive resource database and a series of backgrounders to help improve coverage of society's preparation for the impacts of climate change.
SEJ member Francis Koster offers a slide show illustrating how most reporters are not using up-to-date information on leaking methane and its impact on climate change. Image: Phillips, N.G., et al., Mapping urban pipeline leaks: Methane leaks across Boston, Environmental Pollution Journal (2012).
This Construction Management Project article offers information on green construction practices, including Green Building Benefits, LEED and Green Construction, Green Construction Resources, LEED Certification in America and Worldwide, and several links for further reading.
For weather warnings, check the interactive, near-real-time national weather map put out by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. It's updated every few minutes with color-coded warnings by type. You can also search for a forecast by state, city/state or zip code.
The WOC is an international business alliance for corporate ocean responsibility. On their website, you'll find program information, resources, and events.


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Library Best Practices Wiki needs help with an e-books section
View Single Post
Bob Russell
Recovering Gadget Addict
Posts: 5,379
Karma: 590871
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Device: Note3/DVP11
Library Best Practices Wiki needs help with an e-books section
I've stumbled upon great start for a
libraries best practices wiki
. And being naturally curious, I browsed around looking for all the wisdom on how libraries can and should implement an online e-book and audiobook program. Nothing there.
While they don't seem to have particularly asked for information along those lines, I'm sure we have some readers that are librarians knowledgeable in that area who might be able to contribute. Or if you know someone like that, be sure to pass this web site on to them! Everything we do to spread the word will certainly help the market for e-books and e-book reader hardware more forward.
Bob Russell
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Bob Russell
Track Posts by Bob Russell via RSS


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Re: "Mixed blessings for the working poor" [Editorial, July 16]: How will an increased minimum wage be paid for?
By raising prices.
When prices go up, the buying power of the new, higher minimum wage goes down, right back to the value it was prior to the increase.
Continuing to artificially raise the value of a minimum wage makes it appear that there is more tax revenue (Higher prices mean higher sales tax, and more income tax on higher wages, too). The average bill at the grocery store goes up and up.
All these increases accomplish is statewide "running in place," instead of any upward climb.
Want to make more money per hour? Provide more value and earn it. This forced inflation hurts all of us – especially those on fixed income.
Marguerite Lorenz, CTFA
CID funds well spent
Re: "Waste and political cronyism alive and well" [Opinion, July 11]: I find it ludicrous to assert that one man, Supervisor Marion Ashley, could personally consume approximately 1800 pounds of meat from nine pigs equating to the $3,000 staff columnist Avery Bissett claims Ashley spent "getting meat cut and wrapped for himself."
I would like to clarify and defend the county's use of these public funds.
I currently work in and help manage the Saint James Community Food Pantry in Perris. The pantry has been in operation for almost seven years, and operates with the generous support of many private individuals, public and private organization and governmental agencies, such as the county of Riverside.
The county donated pork products to this pantry. The donation consisted of meat butchered and processed at Scott's Custom Meats in Perris and used to feed visitors to our pantry who would otherwise go hungry.
I, on behalf of the Saint James Community Food Pantry, publicly thank Riverside County for the support they have given.
I pray that they will continue to receive abundant blessings for the people of Riverside County.
Linda Steffer
financial secretary, Saint James Community Food Pantry


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3343 South Live Oak Drive Moncks Corner SC 29461 MLS# 29950095 - Moncks Corner SC Real Estate
843-225-7007 - call to view this property today!
3343 South Live Oak Drive - $114,900
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This is a great property with excellent frontage and many potential uses. A 1,014 sf home is currently leased for $700 monthly. Tenant can stay or go. Home as 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, large living and dining room. Kitchen was remodeled with new...
View the Full Details and Schedule a showing of this home in Moncks Corner
Call 843-225-7007 for info
Please contact us if you have any questions or comments.


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Activating / Deactivating your PS3 system | Page 2 | General PS3 Discussion | Forum | PS3Blog.net
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5:20 am
9:31 am
From your PS3 yes. From a website no.
6:26 pm
2:23 pm
12:42 pm
I had one of those "THE SYSTEM WILL BE REBUILT" 's the other day, so I deactivated all my spare accounts and my personal vidoe account. You can never be too safe when you call Sony and they say YOU HAVE 5 ACTVS WTF.
Vote For My Controller! http://www.fraggednation.com/forum/topic/GamerModz.....g-32496/-1
2:36 pm
Greetings guys, It is possible to deactivate console from Sony Website, enter https://account.sonyentertainmentnetwork.com/login.action Log in with your PSN account, go to DEVICES and deactivate them individually or go to ACCOUNT, MEDIA AND DEVICES and deactivate them all there, also you can delete your billing info.[Image Can Not Be Found]
6:31 pm
1:11 pm
Greetings people. Now you can PS3 systems deactivations on http://www.qriocity.com Come to link now for good times.
1:49 pm
3:22 pm
oly said:
Greetings people. Now you can PS3 systems deactivations on http://www.qriocity.com Come to link now for good times.
I have 2 PS3's that I need to deactivate ... tried that site and it just tells me to do it from the PS3 itself ....
2:05 am
7:36 am
Ok, I went there and this is the only option. Should I just do "deactivate all" and then just activate my current PS3/PSP?
11:18 am
9:50 pm
That did the trick, now I only have 1 PS3 active.
9:27 pm
9:42 pm
7:26 am
hi im not a high tech person. high tech mumbo jumbo means nothing to me. i need simple answers to simple questions. not robotic jiberish. my ps3 says i have 5 working ps3's. ha ha i wish. ps3's are week made. not that i don't like playing them. but if a ps3's can't even turn on how can you de-activate it? don't say get on a pc. im not talking about pc's and i can't get on a xmb if i don't even know what xmb is. the point is i want to do something on my ps3 here in front of me and it says i can't because 5 other ps3's are activated with my account wich doesn't make since. you shut off a mechanical thing how ever you shut it off its not active. a hammer like fist to the brain tends to do just that de-activate the machine. non the less im in a spot i don't understand and instead of de-activating this system i'd like to know how to fix this 5 ps3's active problem. explain in plain english please
11:34 am
There is a way of deactivating your system without having the PS3 system with you.
First, go to http://www.sonyentertainment.com
-sign in using your psn account
-once you're signed in click on the "account" tab
-Click on media devices
From there you can deactivate all of your systems!
downside that you have to deactivate them all and you can only do it every 6 months!
Hope this helps!!
4:16 pm
If you sign onto the acct name that you downloaded the stuff from, you can use your ps3 email & password for that acct and get on http://sonyentertainmentnetwork.com and sign in using the same name from your ps3 download. You go to your acct, then go to media/devices, then choose to deactivate all. You then have to re upload the addons to the ps3 you want to use. I just did it myself, and now the addon is taking forever and a day to upload so I figured I'd advise you all here. YOUR WELCOME!!!!
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Guns N' Roses lead guitarist Slash has made some revelations about the band's reunion.
The rock star gave his first interview on "Aerosmith" drummer Joey Kramer's radio show over at Boston's WZLX and revealed some insights into GNR's current state.
Slash admitted that they were not optimistic at first that Guns N' Roses reunion would ever happen so when it did, it blew up their minds.
"Everybody's getting along, everybody's playing great." Slash said. He added that it the band's current state seems to be surreal to him but then he is happy that everybody is getting along well.
Slash also told Kramer that their early reunion gigs, such as that of the "Coachella" Festival 2016 performance, have created a positive atmosphere that pushed the band into its current state now, Rolling Stone noted.
Prior to their reunion tour, the band performed at the previous Coachella festival in which Axl Rose had to sit down for the whole duration of their performance because of a broken foot. The GNR frontman also recently joined AC/DC's tour as temporary replacement to Brian Johnson. The Australian rock band member was forced to step down after having hearing problems.
In 2012, Axl Rose was asked if there will be GNR reunion in the future. Rose quipped "not in this lifetime" at the time. Now, the 90's hit rock band is back on the road after 20 years for a tour titled "Not in This Lifetime" tour.
Guns N' Roses kicked off their tour at Soldier Field in Chicago last week. Check out the upcoming Guns N' Roses "Not in This Lifetime" tour dates shared by NME.
- July 06 – Paul Brown Stadium (Cincinnati, OH)
- July 09 – Nissan Stadium (Nashville, TN)
- July 12 – Heinz Field (Pittsburgh, PA)
- July 14 – Lincoln Financial Field (Philadelphia, PA)
- July 16 – Rogers Centre (Toronto, ON)
- July 19 – Gilette Stadium (Foxboro, MA)
- July 23 – MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, NJ)
- July 27 – Georgia Dome (Atlanta, GA)
- July 29 – Orlando Citrus Bowl (Orlando, FL)
- July 31 – Mercedes-Benz Superdome (New Orleans, LA)
- Aug 03 – AT&T Stadium (Arlington, TX)
- Aug 05 – NRG Stadium (Houston, TX)
- Aug 09 –AT&T Park (San Francisco, CA)
- Aug 12 – CenturyLink Field (Seattle, WA)
- Aug 15 – University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale, AZ)
- Aug 22 – Qualcomm Stadium (San Diego, CA)