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Does anyone have a list of "British" regiments/units that took part in the Transvaal Rebellion of 1880-81?
Thanks in advance.
amoaful73 wrote:Mark,
I think my personal vote for a Zulu medal (if I could afford such things) with Transvaal Rebellion connections would be to a Bronkhorstspruit casualty of the 94th.
But perhaps you disagree? A Majuba casualty maybe?
kaiser wrote:Mark, Pte Webb 21st Foot in my collection was at Laing's Nek, young man only 14 when he joined the army in 1860, discharged 1883
mike snook wrote:Amoaful - the list of cavalry regiments looks too fulsome. The KDG rear party was caught up, the main body of the regiment having sailed from RSA just before the rebellion broke out - hence Maj Brownlow's involvment as OC the composite MI squadron. The 15th Hussars landed en route back from India and got up to the front at Newcastle/Laing's Nek towards the end - part of the so-called Indian Column and accompanied Wood's reconnaissance of the Wakkerstroom Rd - sent back in large part (less 1 squadron I think) to Newcastle by Colley prior to Majuba - some involvement in post-Majuba skirmishing I seem to remember - and so on. But I don't recall 6th Dragoons, 7th Hussars or 14th Hussars having anything to so with it. Off the top of my head - so open to persuasion - but I can't recollect any of them doing anything.
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- Bishop Charles E. Blake
Bishop Charles E. Blake serves as presiding Bishop of the 6 million member Church of God in Christ, one of our nation's largest denominations. He also serves the Jurisdictional Prelate of the First Jurisdiction of Southern California comprised of more than 250 churches. Bishop Blake is the pastor of West Angeles Church of God in (more)
- Delores Handy-Brown
Delores Handy-Brown was born April 7, 1947 in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended the Little Rock public Schools. She is now a broadcast journalist and news anchor at WNUR, National Public Radio's Boston station. She is fill-in-in host of Boston University World of Ideas, a weekly one-hour show in which University faculty and the Boston (more)
- Dr. Erma Gasco Davis, PH. D.
Erma Glasco Davis was born in Keo, Arkansas and was reared in south central Little Rock, also known as the South End. She is a product of the Little Rock Public School System, graduating from Dunbar High School in May, 1945. She received her Bachelor of Science degree from AM&N college, Pine bluff, Arkansas (now (more)
- Dr. Samuel Williams
Samuel W. Williams, PHD. Was born in Sparkman, Arkansas but spent most of his formative years in Dermott, Arkansas. His love of God, quest for knowledge and love for his fellow man, particularly those less fortunate, propelled him to life's stage as a scholar, religious, civic and civil rights advisor. Dr. Williams obtained degrees from (more)
- James E. K. Hildreth, PH.D, MD First Arkansas African American Rhodes Scholar, Noted Scientist
James E. K. Hildreth, M.D. is Director of the Center for AIDA Health Disparities Research, a National Institutes of Health funded center at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Hildreth was born and raised in Camden, Arkansas. He gradated valedictorian from Camden High School in 1975 and began studies at Harvard University that fall. (more)
- W.R. Smokie Norful, Jr. Grammy Award-Winning Gospel Recording Artist
Pastor Smokie Norful, a minister who is the son of an African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.) minister, was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. He grew up in Pine Bluff, and was deeply involved in his fathers church. He was interested in music from a very young age, reportedly picking out one-finger piano melodies at age (more)

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text: This keutbah is symbolic of beginnings, when a couple comes together and makes a commitment to each other to form a new bond. Jerusalem is pictured at the top within an arch, a sign of eternal hope it perpetuates the concept of beginnings. Stars of David frame the rising of the sun and the full moon. At the bottom is a multi-colored peacock. Flowers fill the illumination, giving seed to new beginnings.


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4700 E. Sierra Vista Dr., Paradise Valley, AZ 85253
- $2,200,000
- 1+ Years on site
- Est: $8,151/month
Estimate Your Monthly Payment
Data provided by Informa Research Services. Payments do not include amounts for taxes and insurance premiums. The actual payment obligation will be greater if taxes and insurance are included. Click here for more information on rates and product details.
- Mortgage Center
- Beds: 4
- Baths: 6 Full
- Single Family Home
- 6,121 sq ft
BEST BUY IN PARADISE VALLEY ! This custom luxury contemporary was built with discerning attention to detail in 2015,located by shopping,dining and hiking it boasts postcard views of Camelback and Mummy Mountains, exquisite clean lines, masterful interior design by Angelica Henry, two master suites, two full laundry rooms, unique quartzite kitchen counters, and ample natural light throughout. The 1. 3 acre estate is situated at the end of a cul-de-sac and offers absolute privacy and mountain views from the heated salt water pool and 9' diameter spa. Entertain guests on the vast covered patios. This house has 9,000 square feet under the roof, 4 bedrooms with en suite baths, massage room with separate entrance attached to master suite and a 600 sq ft gym/bonus room that could be converted to a fifth bedroom. Features Full wet bar with ice maker, refrigerator and drawer dishwasherWolf/Sub-Zero appliancesOver-sized three-car garage, with a carport large enough for a boat or RV. Covered BBQSound proof wall between Master and Kitchen Property itself is large enough to accommodate a guesthouse and/or second garage. Click here to learn more about this listing..
- Year Built: 2015
- 1+ Years on site
- Single Family Home
- Beds: 4
- Baths: 6 Full
Listing Details
- Fireplace
- Yes (1)
- Flooring
- Tile
- Features
- Wet Bar
- Architecture
- Contemporary
- Lot Features
- Mountain View
- Lot Size
- Approximately 58040 Square Feet
- Parking
- Garage
- Features
- BBQ, Patio, Stucco Exterior, Wood Exterior
- Cable Wiring
- Cable TV Available
- Heating
- Gas
- Assessed Taxable Amount
- $220,600
- Tax Amount
- $14,068
- Last Transaction Date
- 05/25/2012
- Property Type
- Single Family Residence
- Bathrooms
- 3
- Rooms
- 9
- Floors
- 1
- Home Size (Sqft)
- 6,121
- Lot Size (Sqft)
- 58,040
- Lot Size (Acres)
- 1.33
- Year Built
- 2014
- Units
- 1
- Parking
- Garage
- Heating System
- Forced Air
- Cooling System
- Refrigeration
- Exterior Type
- Stucco
- Roof Type
- BuiltUp (Layered Asphalt)
Public Facts: As provided by County Assessor and Recorder offices. May not reflect recent additions or improvements. If you see any errors, the best way to get the records updated is to contact your local county records office. If any of the information in this section conflicts with property information provided by a listing agent or broker, agent-provided information should be deemed more reliable.
Local Info
| Median Household Income
| Median Years In Residence
| Median Homeowner Age
| Households with Children
| Percent of Homes Rented
Nearby Elementary Schools
- Desert View Learning Center
- 4027 E Lincoln Dr
- Christ Church School
- 4015 E Lincoln Dr
- Phoenix Country Day School
- 3901 E Stanford Dr
Nearby Primary Schools
- Orangedale Early Learning Center
- 5048 E Oak St
- Cholla Complex
- 3602 E Cholla St
Nearby Middle Schools
- Phoenix Country Day School
- 3901 E Stanford Dr
- Montessori Academy
- 6050 N Invergordon Rd
- Tesseract School
- 4800 E Doubletree Ranch Rd
Nearby High Schools
- Phoenix Country Day School
- 3901 E Stanford Dr
- Tesseract School
- 4800 E Doubletree Ranch Rd
- Evit - Arcadia High School
- 4703 E Indian School Rd
These are the closest schools to your requested location. Proximity does not guarantee enrollment eligibility. Please consult your real estate agent or school district to confirm the schools you are zoned to attend.
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Clothing Stain Remover for all sorts of Stains
The color white for clothes is treated as a sign of elegance and grace. That is why we prefer wearing white to our office. It is the same color that becomes a part of your child's school uniform. The grace of the cloth is intact until it is clean and free from stains. But it is not that easy to keep your clothes off from getting any sorts of stains. You might have something fallen down on your favorite shirt while you are off for a dinner or maybe your kid has a gala time in the mud today. The first thought that strikes a mind on watching a stain on a cloth is the method how you can get rid of it.
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We cannot always throw away our clothes if they get stained. So we would always want to get the stain out rather than throwing the clothes out. There are two important things that need to be kept in mind if you encounter a stubborn stain. One is that you must act upon the stain as soon as possible before it settles down on your clothes. The second is that you must keep an effective clothing stain remover handy that can be used on the stain.
In this manner, you can keep your clothes clean and shining as new. A spot on the clothes acts as a spot on the image of the person who is wearing them. So make sure, you don't let yourself and your dear ones down just because a stain has chosen to reside on your clothes. Work on it and take it out as soon as possible.
Brad Siamons - About Author:
Gloves Off provides non toxic stain removal products. To know more about clothing stain remover, visit: www.glovesoffclean.com.
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I seek to create a visual world which is Colorful, Dramatic and Esthetic.
Biography: Born 1976 and currently lives in Natanya, Israel. I have graduated the faculty of electrical engineering at the Technion (Bsc.) on 1999, but recently have decided to abandon this profession and dedicate myself to Art.
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ORLANDO, Fla., Jan. 6 (UPI) -- Lockheed Martin wins U.S. Army deal for provision of logistics support for the targeting and politage system aboard Apache D/E helicopters.
The performance-based logistics contract for the Modernized Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor, or M-TADS/PNVS, will enable the system's mission readiness and reliability and reduce operation and support costs.
Lockheed Martin said $31.8 million was obligated to it under the one-year base contract. The award has provisions for four one-year options and has a potential overall value of $424 million.
"We work hard to ensure that our PBL customers have the highest availability rates possible, and we back that up with a team of field representatives who stay ready around the clock, around the world," said Mike Taylor, director of M-TADS/PNVS international and sustainment programs at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control.
The M-TADS/PNVS system provides long-range, precision engagement and pilotage capabilities in all weather conditions, More than 1,350 M-TADS/PNVS systems and spares have been delivered by Lockheed Martin to the U.S. Army and international customers since 2005.


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I am one of those people that have longed to vacation outside of the United States, but since I have not yet done it I am a wee bit nervous. So I figured Canada would be a great starting place as I seek to become a world traveler. One of the many places I would like to see in Canada is their first national park, Banff National Park.via
Banff National Park is located in the Canadian Rockies and has everything this adventurer would be looking for in a national park visit. Hopefully soon I will be able to say that I have seen the high mountain lakes, driven the Icefields Parkway, hiked some of the incredible trails, and photographed some of the waterfalls that can be found in Banff National Park.via
If I would ever earn enough money or retire one of my life long ambitions is travel across Canada, but the likely hood of those things happening anytime soon is pretty small. So I will just have to see Canada a little bit at a time and one of the places that I am going to visit is Banff National Park.
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Flyers 1992
Necromancer, Three, Humphrey The... and Kaktus Planet at Terrace Bar, Canberra - Necromancer was Precursor's original name with original singer Mitch but I don't remember if he performed here with them.
Tribe Maelstrom at Terrace Bar, Canberra - I thought Alchemist played this gig too but don't seem to have a different flyer. I remember the singer taking forever to sound check his microphone and kept repeating "One, tsuu" over and over.
Precursor, Gutslug, Cactus Planet, Green, Humphrey The..., Syborium at Civic Youth Cafe, Canberra - Some poor spelling here with Kaktus Planet and Ciborium both misspelled. This was the 4th Granny Killing Frenzy gig
Green and Pod People at Aranda Scout Hall, Canberra - This was a big birthday party for some Copland College badboys. I can't remember who the secret bands were (Headcleaner looks likely based on the clues) but I do remember seeing Malediction and Mortuary at an Aranda Scout Hall gig but Mortuary may have broken up by then.
Motorhead and Armoured Angel at Raiders, Queanbeyan - Damn I wish I went to this gig but didn't have my car license at the time and stupidly didn't bludge a lift. From most reports this is the loudest gig anyone had ever attended. This flyer is signed by guitarists Phil and Wurzel (RIP) who did an instore signing at Impact Records. I lined up and was a bit disappointed when both Lemmy and Philthy didn't show up as I wanted their autographs the most!
Adrenalin at Havelock House, Canberra - Havelock House is a low cost community housing that housed several mates in the scene and for some reason they had gigs in the lounge room which generally were pretty raucous and chaotic.
Sepultura, Massappeal and Frozen Doberman at Hordern Pavilion, Sydney - Strictly speaking this is cheating as this isn't a normal flyer but one that I cut out of a Drum Media but I had it on my wall for years and I don't have a legitimate version. This gig was bloody amazing as Seps were in top form plus we went to strip clubs at Kings Cross afterwards which was quite eye opener!
Acheron, Necrotomy, Alchemist, Armoured Angel and Scum at Civic Youth Cafe and Terrace Bar, Canberra - 2 amazing shows and one of my favourite flyers too. The Terrace Bar gig featured the first gig by Scum who were a Napalm Death cover band featuring Renato from Disembowelment as well as Necrotomy members. It was all Dorian/Steer era songs and his impersonation of Lee was spot on. This is also when I first heard Disembowelment's Deep Sensory... demo which blew me away!
Toe To Toe, Terrible Virtue and Hybrid at Terrace Bar, Canberra - Such a great flyer and a pretty killer gig. Hybrid weren't too great but Toe To Toe were raging and Terrible Virtue were possibly the first grind band I'd seen live and they were intense.


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The extended time off has had me itching to get back to work, not necessarily because I love it but mainly because my return will mean I'm truly back to my regular routine. With the events of the past month, it will also return a much-needed sense of normalcy and I'm sure sure I'm not the only one here striving for that.
For about a week now I've been checking the bus schedules for work religiously to see when they would be back up and running again. This past Monday would normally have been the first scheduled day of a shift for me and so I was hoping to be back by then. I checked for bus schedules for Suncor Sunday night and they were still cancelled so I resigned myself to a few more days off. But lo and behold, when I checked again Monday morning, the regular route schedule was back up. Well, almost regular, as the fire had led to bus routes to affected neighbourhoods being substantially altered. Normally I head out the door at 0630 but by the time I checked for a schedule around 0800 it was to find that, while buses were running again to site, I was already too late to get to work for Monday. No problem, I thought, I'll head it back on Tuesday and get back at it.
So off to work I went yesterday only to arrive and find some confusion as to why I was there. Turns out that while I had been away, work schedules had changed and we were expected to wait until we were officially called back in to work by my employer. Given that during May I had been to Anzac, Conklin, Lac La Biche, Spruce Grove, and Grande Prairie and had been difficult to get in touch with, the confusion was understandable. I worked until noon and then was driven home by my supervisor. Work was short a few people so I know they would have loved to have the extra body but with my employer being a contractor, it's Suncor that calls the shots. I expect to get called back in the next few days and if all goes according to plan (does it ever?) I expect/hope to be back to work next Tuesday. My schedule has apparently reverted back to 7 days on/7days off which I've worked in the past.
At any rate, it was great to see some familiar faces. Most of the people from m regular shift were back and of course there were many stories to be told. Sadly, I know of two people from work who lost their places due to the fire. (One was my supervisor, whom I had worked for for much of the past 5 years. The suite he was renting immolated with flame so he took the opportunity to retire.)
And so I find myself at home for a few more days at least but I've been making good use of my time sprucing up the house and getting in touch with at least 2 of my tenants who will be back in the coming days. Slowly, I"m getting back to work and life is returning to a new normal.


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EastEnders start Jacqueline Jossa is expecting her first child with her TOWIE boyfriend Dan Osbourne.
The baby is due early next year and the new arrival will mean that Jacqueline, who plays Lauren Branning in the popular soap, will have to take some time out from her EastEnders role. However, the BBC producers are being "incredibly supportive" and will write a break into the storylines.
Dan Osbourne already has an eighth month-old son from a previous relationship. A source close to the couple told The Mirror: "They're over the moon. They might be a young couple, but Dan loves being a dad, so it's great news for them."
23 year-old Dan said: "Becoming a father has been the most amazing thing to ever happen to me. I can't believe I'm going to be a dad again – I'm truly blessed." He will have had some new experiences before the birth of his second child, as he as signed up to tour with the male stripper group Dreamboys in September.
21 year-old Jacqueline added: "We are thrilled by our news."


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Give three specific examples of multinational corporations in your area. Check on the Internet or with each firm to determine in what countries these firms have operations. Explain the nature of...
Give three specific examples of multinational corporations in your area. Check on the Internet or with each firm to determine in what countries these firms have operations. Explain the nature of some of their operations, and summarize whatever you can find out about their international employee selection and training HR policies.
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Three multinational corporations in my area are:
1. McDonalds Corp.
2. Starbucks Corporation
3. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
McDonalds has global operations; this includes operations in the USA, Europe, the Asia/Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Canada, as well as Latin America. The Company is a QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) chain. They sell hamburgs, fish sandwiches, chicken sandwiches and wraps, salads, soft ice cream sundaes, french fries, breakfast offerings, various drinks, and they have their specialty coffee McCafes.
Concerning Human Resources, McDonalds looks for enthusiastic and motivated, responsible people as employees. They offer comprehensive training programs and ample opportunities for advancement. They also offer careers for veterans.The Company offers their management training and education programs. With this, an individual can earn up to 46 credit hours toward their two or four -year degree.
Starbucks Corporation also has worldwide operations. Some of the countries they operate in are the U.S.A., Canada, Spain, Japan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), New Zealand, Sweden, Turkey, Thailand, Qatar, and a host of others. The Company's product offerings include coffee, tea, hand-crafted specialty beverages, baked pastries, iced drinks, salads, sandwiches, oatmeal, as well as yogurt parfaits.
Concerning Human Resources, Starbucks offers barista positions and management positions in their outlets. They offer opportunities for advancement as well. The Company additionally offers employees their Thrive Wellness Program, the Elite Athlete Assistance Program, Internal recognition programs, career sabbaticals, and discounted merchandise at Starbucks and other retailers. Their training programs focus on an employee learning about coffee. This is typically by way of coffee tasting and roasting events. They look for focused, reliable, and energetic employees looking to grow with the Company.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates internationally in the U.S, Canada, Mexico, South America, Africa, Britain, and Asia. The Company is a department store and food retailer. They market in bricks and mortar locations and on the Internet as well. Their operations also include restaurants, discount stores, supermarkets, warehouse clubs, and Sams Clubs.
Concerning Human Resources, Wal-Mart offers Corporate, Stores/Clubs, Distribution/Transportation, Drivers, Pharmacy/Optometry, eCommerce, as well as Global Sourcing career opportunities. The Company's training programs offer mobility, career advancement, and they help employees plan their career path across multiple disciplines within the organization. Wal-Mart looks for dedicated individuals looking to build a career and learn within a retail, fast-moving environment.


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This annual report describes FHFA's accomplishments, as well as challenges, the agency faced in meeting the strategic goals and objectives during the past fiscal year.
Read about the agency's 2016 examinations of Fannie Mac, Freddie Mac and the Home Loan Bank System.
Submit comments and provide input on FHFA Rules Open for Comment by clicking on Rulemaking and Federal Register.
Goal: Help restore confidence, enhance capacity to fulfill mission, and mitigate systemic risk that contributed directly to instability in financial markets.
MAINTAIN foreclosure prevention activities and credit availability, REDUCE taxpayer risk, and BUILD a new single-family securitization infrastructure. Read more in the 2018 Scorecard and Conservatorships Strategic Plan.
Plans and Reports
FHFA experts provide reliable data, including all states, about activity in the U.S. mortgage market through its House Price Index, Refinance Report, Foreclosure Prevention Report, and Performance Report.
HARP - the Home Affordable Refinance Program was created by FHFA specifically to help homeowners current on their mortgage payments, but underwater on their mortgages.
FHFA economists and policy experts provide reliable research and policy analysis about critical topics impacting the nation's housing finance sector.
Meet the experts...
Key Topics pages provide information about FHFA's work on a range of issues facing the nation and highlight the most relevant related news releases, reports, statements and web pages on the respective topics.
The Honorable Melvin L. Watt of Charlotte, NC sworn in on January 6, 2014 to a 5-year term as the first Senate-confirmed Director of FHFA.
Read more about Director Watt
Washington, D.C. – The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) today announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have completed the first major overhaul of mortgage insurance master policy requirements in many years. FHFA's 2013 Conservatorship Scorecard calls for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to develop aligned requirements for master policies.
Through this ongoing effort, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, with FHFA oversight, have worked with the mortgage insurance industry to address and update gaps in the existing master policy framework. The new requirements will, among other things, facilitate timely and consistent claims processing.
Loss mitigation – requires that master policies support various loss mitigation strategies that were developed during the housing crisis to help troubled homeowners.
Claims – establishes specific timeframes for processing claims, including requests for additional documentation.
Assurance of coverage – sets standards for determining when, and under what circumstances, coverage under the mortgage insurance policy must be maintained and when it may be revoked.
Enhanced communication – promotes information sharing among mortgage insurers, servicers and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
"Updating the mortgage insurance master policy requirements is a significant accomplishment for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac," said FHFA Acting Director Ed DeMarco. "The new standards update and clarify the responsibilities of insurers, originators and servicers and they enhance the insurance protection provided to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which ultimately benefits taxpayers."
Mortgage insurance master policies specify the terms of business interaction between seller-servicers and mortgage insurers. Mortgage insurers will incorporate the aligned requirements into new master policies, which will be filed with state insurance regulators for their review and approval. FHFA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac anticipate that the master policies will go into effect in 2014, pending review and approval by state insurance regulators. In the coming weeks, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will provide guidance to lenders and servicers regarding specific effective dates.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency regulates Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks. These government-sponsored enterprises provide more than $5.5 trillion in funding for the U.S. mortgage markets and financial institutions.
© 2018 Federal Housing Finance Agency


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Detection of Reversed Basilar Flow With Power-Motion Doppler After Acute Occlusion Predicts Favorable Outcome
Background and Purpose— Power-motion transcranial Doppler PMD-TCD is a new method for simultaneous display of flow at multiple depths. We aimed to determine clinical significance of PMD-TCD demonstration of reversed basilar flow in patients with basilar artery (BA) occlusion.
Methods— We prospectively evaluated patients with acute vertebrobasilar ischemia using PMD-TCD. Using a predefined set of TCD depth criteria and specific flow findings, occlusion was localized to the proximal, middle, or distal BA stem. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used to measure stroke severity and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) to assess outcome at 3 months.
Results— BA occlusion was diagnosed in 16 patients (3 women, mean age 65, median NIHSS 8, mean time from symptoms onset 8.5 hours). PMD-TCD diagnosis of BA occlusion was confirmed in 11 of 12 patients who underwent invasive angiography. Reversed BA flow on PMD-TCD was identified in 8 patients (50%). Angiography confirmed flow from carotid system in 6 of these 8 patients (κ=0.87). Patients with reversed BA flow showed lower NIHSS scores on admission (median 4 versus 15.5, P=0.009), on discharge (2 versus 21.5, P=0.03) and did not experience neurological deterioration during hospital stay (n=0 versus 4, P=0.05). There was a trend toward better outcome at 3 months (mRS 1 versus 4, P=0.07).
Conclusion— Detection of reversed flow in the distal BA with PMD-TCD is associated with lower stroke severity and better outcome after acute basilar artery occlusion.
Historically, acute basilar artery (BA) occlusion has been regarded as a rare event, leading to mostly fatal brain stem infarctions.1,2 However, with development of new imaging techniques,3–7 its identification became more frequent, pointing to potentially less malignant natural history.8,9 The benefit of thrombolytic therapy, if given early in selected patients, has been established as potentially lifesaving.10–12 Clinicians are seeking predictors for negative outcome10,13,14 to select patients for aggressive treatment. Reliable and quick diagnostic techniques are therefore necessary not only for fast confirmation of BA occlusion but also for identification of those patients at higher risk of poor outcome as candidates for interventional treatment.
Angiographic findings of length of BA occlusion or state of collaterals have previously been shown as potential predictors of outcome.10 Transcranial Doppler sonography has also been used to confirm or exclude acute basilar occlusion; however, its reliability compared with other imaging techniques has been questioned.4,15 Power-motion Doppler (PMD-TCD or M-mode), invented by Moehring and Spencer,16 displays the artery flow at multiple depths and allows detection of acute occlusions in the anterior circulation with excellent agreement with invasive angiography.17 The usefulness of PMD-TCD for diagnosis of basilar occlusion is still not validated.
The aim of our study is to validate the use of PMD-TCD for detection of acute basilar occlusion and reversed flow in the basilar artery as a sign of good collateral flow.
Subjects and Methods
We selected consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent urgent ultrasound transcranial examination between September 2001 and February 2003. Those who presented baseline PMD-TCD documented BA occlusion were included into the study. We excluded patients whose time of onset was >24 hours.
On arrival in the emergency department, patients underwent standard clinical, neurological, and cardiologic examination; ECG; blood chemistry; and noncontrast CT. A complete PMD-TCD examination to assess the intracranial arteries' patency status was performed using a standard scanning protocol18 (Figure 1). BA segments were defined according to insonation depth as proximal (<85 mm), mid (85 to 95 mm), and distal (>95 mm). We used TCD 100 U by Spencer Technologies. An experienced sonographer (A.V.A., Z.G.) identified reversed BA flow as a low-resistance signal directed toward the probe between the depths of 80 to 100 mm in the absence of antegrade basilar flow signals. If extracranial ultrasound examination confirmed the absence of any significant stenosis or hypoechoic plaques in carotid arteries, carotid tapping could be performed to confirm anterior circulation flow (Figure 2). Presumed thrombus location and residual flow signals were determined by the presence of abnormal flow signals using the Thrombolysis In Brain Ischemia (TIBI)19 flow grading system. Complete occlusion was considered when TIBI grades were 0 to 1. Location of occlusion was determined: proximal, mid, and distal.
We obtained a detailed history of vascular risk factors from each patient. Urgent CT angiography, MRI/MR angiography (MRA), or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed shortly after PMD-TCD examination when clinically indicated. DSA with selective injection of the common carotid and vertebral arteries was performed with femoral artery approach. Sites of segmental BA occlusion were classified according to Archer and Horenstein anatomy-based criteria20: proximal, from the vertebral artery junction to the origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries; mid, from the origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries to the origin of the superior cerebellar arteries; and distal, at the top of the BA. Reversed flow in BA was identified when injection of contrast in the carotid arteries allowed visualization of collateral flow in the distal BA.
Patients were treated according to standard guidelines with intravenous, intraarterial or combined intravenous/intraarterial. tPA; experimental intraarterial interventions were performed when consented patients were eligible according to Institutional Review Board–approved research protocol.
Neurological status was assessed on patient's arrival and discharge from hospital using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) by a neurologist who was not aware of the purposes of this study. Neurological deterioration or improvement was defined as an increase or decrease of ≥4 points on the NIHSS score. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess clinical outcome at 90 days. We defined poor outcome as mRS ≥3 points or death.
Statistical analysis was performed with the use of the software Analyze-it 1.67. Statistical significance for intergroup differences were assessed by the 2-tailed Fisher's exact test or χ2 test for categorical variables and Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables. A level of P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Agreement between PMD-TCD and DSA was assessed with Cohen's κ statistic. Values between 0.4 and 0.8 indicated a moderate agreement; values >0.8 were considered excellent; and perfect value was 1.
Of a total of 763 consecutive acute stroke patients who underwent emergent transcranial ultrasound examination, 73 (9.6%) presented with a posterior circulation stroke. Of these 16 (2.1%) had a documented BA occlusion on PMD-TCD (3 women; mean age, 65). Mean time from symptoms onset to ultrasound examination was 8.5 hours and median baseline NIHSS was 8 (range, 0 to 29) points. All TCD-PMD tests were performed and interpreted at bedside within 10 minutes after initiation of ultrasound examination. BA occlusion location was assessed: proximal, 9 patients (56.2%); mid, 4 patients (25%); and distal, 3 patients (18.8%) Of the total 16 patients, 12 underwent DSA, 3 were examined with MRA, and 1 did not receive any additional imaging. In 11 of the 12 patients who underwent DSA, basilar occlusion was confirmed. In the remaining patient who underwent DSA, the study revealed left posterior cerebral artery occlusion without evidence of BA occlusion. In this patient, intravenous tPA was initiated prior to angiography. For the 3 patients who underwent MRA, BA occlusion was also confirmed.
Reversed flow in BA was detected in 8 patients with PMD-TCD. Seven patients (87.5%) presented a proximal occlusion, 1 patient (12.5%) a mid occlusion, and none of them presented a distal BA occlusion. No differences could be observed in the retrograde-flow Doppler spectrum according to occlusion location. Six of these patients underwent DSA. In all of them, reversed BA flow from carotid system was confirmed. One of the remaining 2 patients underwent MRA that confirmed the presence of reversed flow in BA. Angiographic imaging did not show reversed BA flow in any of the remaining patients (κ=0.87).
Patients with reversed basilar flow on PMD-TCD showed lower NIHSS scores on admission (median, 4 versus 16; P=0.009) and on discharge (2 versus 22; P=0.03) and were less likely to present neurological deterioration (n=0 versus 4; P=0.05) or poor outcome (mRS at 3 months, 1 versus 4; P=0.07) (Table).
Our study showed that PMD-TCD can be used for quick and reliable detection of BA occlusion and flow reversal in its distal portion. This finding indicates collateralization of flow through the posterior communicating arteries and accounts for lower NIHSS scores at baseline. These patients also had better outcomes at 3 months.
Previous studies showed limited feasibility and low sensitivity of TCD in BA occlusion compared with CT angiography.15 Because of its ability to simultaneously display the power and direction of the blood flow signatures over a wide range of depth, PMD-TCD facilitates location of transcranial window and rapid vessel identification16 and thus may be useful in detection of distal basilar flow. The screening of a wide range of depths also permits simultaneously display of the flow patterns in proximal and distal BA, showing at the same time the occlusion signatures and the reversal flow (Figure 2).
It seems counterintuitive that a reversed flow distal to occlusion has low resistance. This reversed flow develops because of a pressure gradient. During a cardiac cycle, there is never enough pressure to push flow into a completely occluded vessel. However, if occlusion develops in the proximal basilar, a pressure gradient develops between carotid circulation and posterior cerebral arteries, superior cerebellar arteries, and perforating vessels. If a thrombus or embolus in the proximal BA does not completely occlude basilar all the way immediately, the patient has a chance to recruit posterior communicating arteries and deliver blood from carotids via the reversed basilar stem to parts of the cerebellum and smaller distal basilar branches. This collateral flow reaches the low-resistance system of cerebellar and brain stem parenchyma, and that is why it has good diastolic frequencies and low-resistance signatures on Doppler. Identification of low-resistance flow moving toward the probe, ie, reversed basilar at 80 to 100 mm, thus indicates continuing perfusion of vital brain structures and explains often partial deficits despite the presence of a proximal basilar obstruction.
Previous studies demonstrated that length of basilar occlusion and state of collaterals determined by DSA are independent variables affecting survival.10 Our study showed that similar information can be obtained rapidly and noninvasively. Identification of reversed flow in distal BA with PMD-TCD was associated with lower baseline stroke severity and better outcome. On the other hand, in patients in whom collateral flow cannot be established after acute BA occlusion, stroke severity and risk of neurological deterioration are higher. PMD-TCD can demonstrate favorable collateralization of flow, despite persistence of arterial occlusion, through posterior communicating arteries or even cross-cerebellar flow in some other cases. This information can explain heterogeneity of clinical syndromes associated with BA occlusion and may provide some insights as to how patients respond to intraarterial rescue or conservative management. PMD-TCD is intended not to replace other angiographic imaging techniques but to offer a wider diagnostic arsenal available for the physician in the acute management of suspected BA occlusion.
There are some potential limitations related to the application of PMD-TCD. First, although this procedure seems to improve some limitations of conventional TCD in obtaining a proper sonographic window, this technology is still likely to require skilled operators. The presence of other retrograde-flow signatures such as venous vessels or the superior cerebellar arteries could be misinterpreted by an inexperienced technician as a reversed BA flow. The absence of an antegrade arterial flow, the presence of a proximal signal compatible with BA occlusion, and a positive carotid tapping test help to rule out pitfalls. Second, because of the design of this study, real sensitivity of PMD-TCD in detection of BA occlusion compared with DSA cannot be assessed. New prospective studies with different inclusion criteria should be initiated to answer this question. In addition, the capability of this new system to assess very relevant issues in terms of clinical outcome as the length of the retrograde perfused portion or the length of the occlusion should also be tested.
In conclusion, identification of reversed flow in distal BA with PMD-TCD can be accurately performed at bedside, and this finding is associated with lower stroke severity and better outcomes.
The authors would like to thank all the members of the Stroke Treatment Team at the University of Texas-Houston who made this study possible.
- Received July 2, 2003.
- Revision received August 12, 2003.
- Accepted September 16, 2003.
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Kubik CS, Adams RD. Occlusion of the basilar artery: a clinical and pathological study. Brain. 1946; 59: 73–121.
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Biemond A. Thrombosis of the basilar artery and the vascularization of the brain stem. Brain. 1951; 74: 300–317.
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Caplan LR, Rosenbaum AE. Role of cerebral angiography in vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975; 38: 601–12.
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Ringelstein EB, Zeumer H, Poeck K. Non-invasive diagnosis of intracranial lesions in the vertebrobasilar system: a comparison of Doppler sonographic and angiographic findings. Stroke. 1985; 16: 848–855.
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Koga M, Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Relationship between findings of conventional and contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded real-time sonography and angiography in patients with basilar artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002; 23: 568–571.
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Caplan LR. Occlusion of the vertebral or basilar artery: follow up analysis of some patients with benign outcome. Stroke. 1979; 10: 277–282.
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Brandt T, von Kummer R, Muller-Kuppers M, Hacke W. Thrombolytic therapy of acute basilar artery occlusion: variables affecting recanalization and outcome. Stroke. 1996; 27: 875–881.
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Alexandrov AV, Felberg RA, Demchuk AM, Christou I, Burgin WS, Malkoff M, Wojner AW, Grotta JC. Deterioration following spontaneous improvement: sonographic findings in patients with acutely resolving symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Stroke. 2000; 31: 915–919.
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Brandt T, Knauth M, Wildermuth S, Winter R, von Kummer R, Sartor K, Hacke W. CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia. Stroke. 1999; 30: 606–612.
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Demchuk AM, Burgin WS, Christou I, Felberg RA, Barber PA, Hill MD, Alexandrov AV. Thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinical severity, early recovery, and mortality in patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke. 2001; 32: 89–93.
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Archer CR, Horenstein S. Basilar artery occlusion: clinical and radiological correlation. Stroke. 1977; 8: 383–390.
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Just yesterday I recieved a bank statement saying I had overdraft when I was at the supermarket.So I called them on the phone and to have it blocked I would have to pay another fee.What is up with all of these different fees and I am trying to find oout what information you might know to help me out.I think they are ripping the customer off this way it is not right at all what ideas do you suggest for me or what can I do.Why is it that the atm has so many fees for different usage and the same applies just like the banks or worse.
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yes,,,,,,,this is wrong....bank charge us unnecessarily.........actually banks does not want to help people they just want to get money from poeple......sometimes i feel.......banks are biggest monster...............if you do not have money......bank will not provide you money.......they are charging us to just take of our money.........they think we are not capable of handling money ourself.......!!!!!!!!!........Really this kind of things makes me .........hate bank....!!!!!!! I really hate banks....
Whoa there lisasweetty...What do you mean "have it blocked?" I'm no fan of banks, but let's face it, they are providing a way for you to use and manage your money without carrying a lot of cash around. It's important for YOU to take care of your money...the banks just make it safe and easy for you to control it...but you have to play by their rules, so learn the rules.
Don't get into fancy financing - that's where they make their money. Most banks, if you are online, have an 'alert' feature. You set the amount: i.e. alert me via e-mail if my account drops below $20.00 (or any set amount). But Pay Attention!
ATMs do have fees, but you don't need to use them if you plan ahead! Each bank usually has ATMs that belong to them = no fees, so use them. Learn to handle cash: withdraw enough for a week and put it in separate section of your wallet or purse.
Remember, you can't beat them so play by their rules and you'll find your life happier.


text: President Barack Obama joined the question-and-answer site Quora today to answer questions about the Affordable Care Act, part of a broader push to reach young people and encourage them to sign up for insurance at Healthcare.gov. In two answers posted to the site, Obama promoted improvements to the enrollment process and explained some of the benefits of healthcare reform. "For young people, health insurance is about peace of mind," the president wrote. "It gives you the freedom to try several jobs until you find the one you love, chase that new idea, or start your own business, without fear that the unexpected will derail your dreams."


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Home > How To > Lapidary and Faceting > Engraving Stone
Engraving Stone
Posted by Brian Stanford
Brian Stanford October 15, 2010 06:52AMHi:
I joined Mindat in July, 1st time posting.
I'm interested in learning to engrave stone. Word engraving on smaller stone.
I'd appreciate any info or guidance relative to methods, best tools, equipment and stone, links or other information sources.
Thank You:
Keith Compton October 21, 2010 12:36PMHi again
Much depends on the hardness of the material you intend to carve / engrave.
I would suggest that any Dremel hand held drill would suffice - you could use dental bits for softer stone and diamond bits for harder material.
Most major hardware stores or lapidary supply house would cater for this.
Michael Croxell October 21, 2010 01:11PMBrian...I use a Foredom with a foot control to carve stone which I think would work...the new ones are reversable in direction so always spining water and rock away from you...use diamond bits with water drip...also have seen polished items that have been masked off then sand blasted to remove rock and/or the polish...Good luck ...Mike
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 06:30AMThanks Mike
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 06:40AMHi Keith:
I do have a Dremel, but have had trouble locating any suitable letter templates and find it hard to get a start without running all over the stone, if that makes any sense. No doubt, I need some type of scribe or other tool to mark the stone deep enough to have something to follow???
Thanks Again
Take care:
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 06:44AMHi Mike:
I forgot to ask what model your Foredom tool is? Did it come with a water drip or is it something you rigged on your own?
Take Care:
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 07:05AMHi:
In terms of good, better, best, I'd appreciate any experiences anyone has had, or recommendations relative to rotary tools, air gravers, sand blasting, lasers or other stone engraving methods.
Also, if it's allowed to mention company names, does anyone have any tool supplier preferences or is eBay the way most folks go?
Thank You.
Take Care:
Keith Compton October 22, 2010 12:22PMBrian
What stone/rock are you trying to engrave?
Anonymous User October 22, 2010 01:38PMI use a Dremel to carve anything and everything. I personally find letter engraving extremely difficult, as it is difficult to get the forms strictly correct and symmetrical. I don't use a template. When I have to do letters, I mark out the letter with a fine sharpie and work each letter one "leg" at a time. Diamond bits come in a large variety of shapes and sizes (I have maybe two dozen), and they work best if you use a diamond extender lubricant. Tungsten carbide bits don't come in as many shapes and and don't come as finely pointed, but they cut most everything, and do it faster and sharper than the diamond does. (They are coarser and have cut spiral teeth, instead of being just abrasive.) Starting off can be difficult - you have to use a light touch so that you don't chatter over the surface. I find it helpful to do a light polish of the surface afterwards. This usually sharpens up the carved image and removes any chatter slips. I often find it easier to carve around the letters and leave them in relief, as I can do sharper edges and forms that way.
Good luck.
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 06:11PMHi Keith:
Mostly various pieces of petrified wood that I've ground flat on one side. Also have some agate slabs that I've bought here and there that I'd like to try something on. Perhaps I'm starting out with stone that is too hard ???
Brian Stanford October 22, 2010 06:15PMHi Ken:
Thanks for your reply. Is the diamond extender lubricant you mentioned available at most stores that handle diamond bits or do you go to a specialty store?
Take Care:
Michael Croxell October 22, 2010 07:21PMBrian..I use an IV bottle/bag with a screw on cap...has an an ajustable drip that way...also made a shield out of plexi glass and plywood..the light plexi from Lowes bends pretty easy...about 16" wide and 36" long...drill hole on top for water source...petrified wood and agate are about a 7 hardness which is tougher to cut but the edges should be better...also you can make templets from contact paper just make sure surface is clean and dry..just stick them on and they will generaly stay in plsce till your done....depending on how deep you wish to go they make diamond wheels that look like a saw blade I believe I Kingsly North has them..if your having problems with the bit traveling maybe spinning to slow to cut....most all of the foredoms will work I think diamond bits need to spin at about 14000 rpm...Mike
Brian Stanford October 23, 2010 05:21AMThanks Mike:
Great tips, much appreciated !
Take Care:
Brian Stanford October 23, 2010 05:24AMThanks Ken
Keith Compton October 24, 2010 11:37AMBrian
Cutting letters into stone by hand is a slow process
You could try outlining the letters first - aluminium pencil - using a letter guide (same as used by architects and the like) then using a small circular diamond saw - carefully cut out the outline. You may need different size saws. Then use either a router type attachment to carve out the inner parts of the letters or use diamond tipped ball or square drill bits.
You could also use letraset as a means of setting out the letters. They will of course be destroyed once you start cutting
A router type attachment - with the drill fixed in a vertical mount will get a better result than by hand. But be warned, this is a slow process. You may need a good deal of diamond slurry to assst. If your material is flat like a slab - ensure that you place on a flat surface. If your material is rough on the other side then you need to ensure that it is flat by placing on a suitable base first. For this you could try a piece of thick packing foam - not affected by water or lubricant but is easy to cut out to mould to the back of your rock. Or simply place on wax as if you were cutting a cabochon and then affix the waxed side to a flat surface.
Good luck
Brian Stanford October 25, 2010 06:24AMThanks Keith:
Appreciate the tips.
Take Care:
Gerald Wells June 18, 2012 02:23AMI agree with the Foredom Tool suggested, you can get a large assortment of diamond tips, in a number of sizes and shapes from Harbor Freight. They are cheap and easy to use. I have purchased sets of 5, 20 and 50 assorted sizes. They also carry wheels and disks that are handy.
Matt Estremera December 05, 2014 07:07PMHello,
I have a tough question which has seemed to be difficult to answer.
I am looking for a rock type that could be carved into WITHOUT using a dremel. So here's the concept, i'd like to be able to carve into a rock just using a small chisel and the pressure or force from my hand. I do a lot of hiking and think this would be a great way to relax, while creating something unique. I remember in class learning about the different types of mineral rocks that could be scratched by a coin or nail (Mohs hardness scale).
If anyone could please suggest the best type of stone/rock that mite work best to create a nice carving by hand I would really appreciate it. Suggesting a chisel would be greatly appreciated as well.
Enjoy the Holidays.
Michael Croxell December 05, 2014 11:20PMsoapstone or jet with a knife
Mark Heintzelman December 06, 2014 06:14AMSoapstone is the most popular hand carving stone for sculptural work, but a simple old roof slate will take nicely to more illustrative or hand etching. As a young boy I carved one of my favorite poems (In Flanders Fields) into an old roofing slate, nicely illuminated as well using only hand tools, with very good results. . All will require patients and persistence of course. Right now I have a large chunk of massive pink chinese talc which is awaiting my final decision on what to work it into. You don't want to get too detailed with such a soft stone as it bruises very easily, but working steathite/talc/soapstone is easy, the feel is wonderful and as you say, very relaxing, cathardic work. :D
The old practice of lithography, "litho" latin for stone, was actually not a matter of engraving or etching as with metal plate intaglio printing (most world currencies are printed with the intaglio method). The use of stone lithography was a planographic technique in which the artist draws directly on a flat stone, usually with a greasy crayon. The stone is dampened with water, then inked. The ink clings to the greasy crayon marks, but not to the dampened areas. When a piece of paper is pressed against the stone, the ink on the greasy parts is transferred to it. . example:
No engraving stone was ever widely used as a printing plate.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 12/06/2014 06:37AM by Mark Heintzelman.
Kelly Nash December 06, 2014 04:59PMLimestone or marble. Abundant, cheap, easy to carve, and used for that purpose for centuries.
Travis Hetsler January 23, 2015 08:20PMAlabaster, pipestone, soapstone, limestone, chlorite, and some serpentine come in a variety of colors and are easily carved by steel tools.
Happy cutting!
aimee November 21, 2016 11:08PMhello,
i have a large quartz piece and i'm trying to figure out what would cause what resembles pencil marks in the grooves on the carving. i was told the carving was turned on a lathe, and in some of the grooves there is what appears to be graphite pencil. It doesn't come off despite using eraser, alcohol pads, nail polish remover, or comet cleanser. soap and water didn't remove it either. i was thinking a scribe pencil was used, but that comes off, right? need carver's experience!
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"'He is making a joke, no,' Will said. 'But he likes to think he is making a joke, yes." - John Flanagan, The Emperor of Nihon-Ja We're think laughing at someone's pain is nothing more than petty cruelty, and we think most people agree. Continue Reading
Grace and Frankie: What's So Funny?
Women Are Like That
Here's the eleventh commandment: Thou shalt have a sense of humor! I thought this movie trailer from a 30's movie might be entertaining! Women Are Like That portrays a "libertine" wife having to be taught to behave by her husband. I'll bet many of us wish the roles were reversed here, don't you? I know many a woman who'd like to KO her husband so he'd behave. Ah... if it were only as easy and breezy as a light romantic comedy. But, seriously, how do you keep your sense of humor in your present circumstances? I'd like to know. Let's Continue Reading


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Today's dish really pushed me into unknown territory. Polenta dell´inferno, translated to Devil's Polenta, is a dish known everywhere in Switzerland, but especially in the Ticino area.
But what's odd about it? It contains both anchovies and capers. Capers I have no issue with, even though I rarely use them, but anchovies are another story. I remember picking them off pizza as a kid, and didn't much care for my mom's Caesar salad dressing. Still, I'm a grown up now, and not afraid to retest cold waters, so in I dove.
This dish is usually served with rabbit, but since I had some quail in the freezer, I figured game is game and I'd use what I have. The sauce is the star of this show, so what you choose as a supporting cast is inconsequential.
Recipe from High End Travel Switzerland
Four servings
4 cups water
1 TB salt
1 ½ cups coarse grained polenta (did you know that polenta is just grits?)
For the Sauce
1 large yellow onion cut in rings
2 TB olive oil
2 TB tomato paste
2 tins packed anchovies
1 TB capers
1 cup dry red wine
1 TB garlic
1 TB dried sage
4 quail
1. Salt the water and boil.
2. Slowly add the polenta under constant stirring on medium to low heat and cook.
3. For the sauce, stew the onion rings in oil until they are glazed (do not allow them to become brown).
4. Add the tomato paste, thinned out with some water.
5. Cut the anchovies into small pieces and add to the sauce.
6. Mix in the capers, add the wine and allow to reduce to approximately half.
7. Sear each quail about 3 minutes on each side to brown. Add to the sauce and cover about 15 minutes until the quail is all cooked through.
8. Add the garlic and sage, then cook the sauce and let it simmer for 2 to 3 minutes.
9. Pour over the hot polenta.
So what did I think? On first taste before it was fully cooked and reduced, I didn't like it- the anchovy taste was too strong. However, after it cooked down, the flavor mellowed out and I actually ended up liking it. Would I make it again? Not sure, but if you like anchovies and capers, I would definitely recommend making it.


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2017 Quarter 3 EDQ
November, 2017
This issue features six original papers and two book reviews.Read More
EDQ is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing and bringing to the attention of policymakers, decision makers, and researchers the latest quality research findings in economic development.
Upjohn's mission, vision, and core values of providing unbiased quality research in the areas of employment policy, labor market analysis, and economic and workforce development initiatives closely align with that of EDQ's mission to promote research supporting the formulation of evidence-based economic development policies, programs, and practices.
We invite you to browse our most current issue and encourage authors to submit research in the areas of Economic Development Theory, Location Theory, Economic Development Finance, Foreign Trade, Economic Development Incentives, Industry Studies, State and Local Economic Development Policy, Labor Economics and Workforce Policy, and Urban and Regional Economies. If you have any questions or need additional information please contact: George A. Erickcek, Corresponding Editor, firstname.lastname@example.com or Claudette Robey, Managing Editor, firstname.lastname@example.com, or phone EDQ at 269-385-0469.
Latest Research Featured in Economic Development Quarterly
November 2017; 31(4) http://edq.sagepub.com/content/current
The Impact of Industrial Diversification on Employment Growth in the 50 U.S. States: 2000–2013
(Francisco J. Pallares, Richard V. Adkisson)
Who Benefits More from Manufacturing Foreign Direct Investment? Examining the Earnings Distribution Effects Across Earnings Quantiles
(Jeong-Il Park)
Estimating the Manufacturing Employment Impact of Eliminating the Tangible Personal Property Tax: Evidence from Ohio
(Sian Mughan, Geoffrey Propheter)
Tax Increment Financing: A Propensity Score Approach
(Anita Yadavalli, Jim Landers)
Moving In and Out of Welfare and Work: The Influence of Regional Socioeconomic Circumstances on Economic Disconnection Among Low-Income Single Mothers
(Jinwoo Kwon, Andrea Hetling))
Economic Development Challenges for Immigrant Retail Corridors: Observations from Chicago's Devon Avenue
(Akshali Gandhi, Jennifer Minner)
Contending with Defense Industry Reallocations: A Literature Review of Relevant Factors
(Roland Zullo, Yijun Liu)
Retired, Rehabbed, Reborn: The Adaptive Reuse of America's Derelict Religious Buildings and Schools
(reviewed by Thomas L. Bell)
Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Regional Development
(reviewed by Gordon F. Mulligan)
This issue features six original papers and two book reviews.Read More
This issue features a "Special Thanks to Larry Ledebur," five Research and Practice papers, a Research Note, and three book reviews.Read More
This issues includes six original papers and four book reviews.Read More
This issue features six original papers and two book reviews.Read More


text:
London Unattached
May 11, 2014
I rather like those big flat mushrooms popped on a bed of cooked spinach and topped with blue cheese before being popped in the oven for 10 minutes or so. I guess this is the same combination of flavours – but made into a more substantial dish. Might just have to try it some time


text: When I try to get dselect to recognize the CD as a file source, I have to enterthe distribution top level. Whatever reasonable response I give, it breaks: /usr/lib/dpkg/methods/disk/setup: line 8: 343 Broken pipe [...] I don't know what adverse effect this is having (if any), but it's disturbing. Any ideas? Thanks. Aaron Brick. -- TO UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THIS MAILING LIST: e-mail the word "unsubscribe" to firstname.lastname@example.com . Trouble? e-mail to email@example.com .


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Team Guide by Nermin21323..Luka99
Not Updated For Current Season
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Xin Zhao Build
Jungle Role
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Creeping / Jungling
Alrighty, my route for jungling is very simple. YOU ALWAYS START AT BLUE BUFF! , some people start at wraiths and I just don't get it. You may ask for a leash on blue buff to take less damage and get the job done quicker. Then you move over to Wolves. Once you down them, you move across middle lane and kill the wraiths. Then you move on to red buff, by now you should have the correct abilities to stay alive without cutting your HP close. Remember to always use a health potion when needed. After red buff, there should be a lane to gank, but if not, move over to golems, then there should definitely be a ganking opportunity. They may have wards down, but not common in regular games. You want to make sure you ensure at least one kill if it is in the 2 person lane. It may take using Flash and then your ultimate finnish them . Make sure you always target the carry or weakest champion.
Team Work
Sona You dont need kills for ownage/pwnage you give assist and thats enought and you need to heal or with my guide a little tank :)


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I'm curious to see how the answers differ between guys and girls. I'm also curious to know if you're currently in a relationship.
- Listen 90% / Talk 10%Vote A
- Listen 70% / Talk 30%Vote B
- Listen 50% / Talk 50%Vote C
- Talk 70% / Listen 30%Vote D
- Talk 90% / Listen 10%Vote E
Most Helpful Girl
I would say I listen more at first, because I sometimes don't know what to say, so it's more about listening and responding.
It depends on our dynamic too though... some first dates, I felt I talked the entire time... others, I feel I barely got a word in.00|00|0
Thanks for MH!


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If you'd like, you can visit this site, or view all our other featured designs.


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Shirt | Jeans | Boots | Boots Similar | Bag
Not featured: Tacos
For dinner? Probably tacos.
Things I learned today:
Healthiest Fast Food? Taco Bell
Also. I had a post written and then it posted and then I reflected and then I was like…
Totally didn't convey that idea well at all.
Blogging is hard.
P/C: Jake Ufkes


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The sad reality of the modern internet world is that cyber criminals will try to hack your website at some point. ...
The sad reality of the modern internet world is that cyber criminals will try to hack your website at some point.
Luckily, there's plenty you can do to minimize their chance of doing any serious damage. Here are five tips to help you "bulletproof" your web presence and make things much more difficult for opportunistic hackers.
This is the simplest tip, but arguably the most important. Make sure you use strong, complex passwords for everything to do with your website and hosting—and this means the logon for your host's control panel, your FTP access passwords, authentication details for any MySQL databases you use, and the logons for the "back end" of your website.
There's no point in making things simpler for the bad guys just so you have easier passwords to remember, and it's easy to think up memorable complex passwords that include numbers and punctuation.
SFTP stands for "Secure File Transfer Protocol" and is a way to transfer files between your computer and your website in an encrypted fashion.
You will probably find that, by default, your Web host has configured normal, non-secure FTP file access for your Web hosting account, but it's usually simple enough to visit their control panel and switch to the more secure option.
It's well worth it to have a detailed dig around for extra security settings within your hosting control panel.
First of all, make sure (if you're using PHP) that you select the most up-to-date version for your site. Also, have a look out for an "extra security" option, sometimes referred to as "mod security," which effectively adds a type of firewall to your Web presence that is effective against some kinds of online attacks.
Many modern websites are now built using Content Management Systems (CMS). Examples of popular CMS systems include WordPress, Joomla and Drupal. These systems make websites easy to create, with building blocks of templates and various plug-ins.
Security-wise, the problem is that hackers look for exploits in the underlying systems and the plug-ins they use, making it very important to keep all elements of the site up to date.
Sometimes, despite your best efforts, your site will still be successfully compromised. When the time comes to do some damage control, you'll want to have an easily restorable backup.
Although web hosts generally perform some kind of regular backup of their clients' data, it's not always easy to have this restored exactly how you need, so it's worth looking for a flexible solution and, ideally, one that allows you to roll your site back to a selection of points in time. If you do use one of the CMS systems mentioned above, you should have no trouble finding a choice of suitable backup plug-ins.
Hackers will always try to stay one step ahead, but by implementing the suggestions above, you at least make their lives a little more complicated.