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Self Esteem Therapists in 92831
"You're hoping that maybe things can get better. They CAN. I am passionate about identifying your unique gifts to help you create healthy relationships and live a fulfilled and inspired life. I take a client-centered approach where sessions are built around your needs and strengths in an engaged, empathic, and safe environment. Since 2005, I have been helping my clients learn techniques for creating lasting, positive changes in their lives. Reach me today and I'll provide you with a free consultation that can bring you one step closer to the life you were meant to live."
Self Esteem
"As a well-trained, warm and empathic clinician with 11+ years in the field, I am passionate and love the work I accomplish with my patients on a daily basis. I specialize in women, adults, teens and couples struggling with anxiety, stress management, relationships/dating issues, and/or depressive symptoms. My approach to therapy is honest, safe, supportive and non-judgmental. Other areas of focus: LGBT, past trauma, self-esteem issues, creative/performing artists, college students, executives. I will actively work with you toward quick relief of your symptoms while we address the long-standing limiting beliefs that have been obstacles to your emotional wellness."
Self Esteem
"I provide safe, empathetic, care for children, adolescents, couples, individuals and families. My techniques produce lasting results using the most up-to-date empirically proven approaches. I use technology to provide assessments that allow you to have hard facts that aide in gaging your progress. I also utilize the most up-to-date apps that will help you change the way you think and track your moods. You are not alone and I look forward to assisting you as you achieve your life goals."
Self Esteem
""If I only knew then what I know now." People often think about how their lives might be different if they had made different choices. Many experience the outgrowth of therapy in similar ways to the maturity, wisdom and peace gained in the latter stages of life. Within the confines of a safe and nurturing environment, I can help you explore why you think, feel and behave the way you do. With me walking alongside you, you can begin to develop a stronger sense of who you are and make positive changes in your life and relationships."
Self Esteem
"My belief is that we all have the capacity to grow, make positive change, and heal no matter the challenges we are confronted with in life. If you feel stressed-out, overwhelmed, unhappy, unfulfilled, depressed, anxious, misunderstood, or isolated and feel stuck as to what direction to go on your own, I can help. Together, we can work to find solutions, which include learning how to honestly communicate what you want, increasing your personal awareness, choosing self-acceptance over self-doubt, and making deliberate choices to create a life that feels more in sync with who you know you are."
Self Esteem
"I provide warm, empathetic, and effective care to individuals, couples, and families using some of the best, scientifically validated methods available. My goal is to help you find quick relief while developing the kinds of solutions that have long term, positive results. Because everyone is different, I customize treatment to the specific needs of each person I work with and I go at the client's desired pace."
Self Esteem
"Are you a woman struggling with anxiety, grief, trauma, or depression? Is there lingering pain from a traumatic event, death, breakup, or divorce? You may still be trying to understand painful events, recent or from childhood, and how to not be impacted by them. You may have friends or loved ones who are hurting you because they are narcissistic, abusive, and withholding. Yet, you find it too hard to set boundaries or leave. I understand, and believe I can help."
Self Esteem
"My expertise is to strengthen and empower individuals, couples and families struggling with life's challenges. Whether coping with anxiety or depression or overcoming acculturation, divorce or other difficulties, I will help support and promote insight in an empathic and effective manner to begin the process of healing and moving forward."
Self Esteem
"I am a Marriage and Family Therapist and am also certified as a Psychoanalyst. I am thus trained on two fronts: both with difficulties inherent in couples relationships--including communication, anger, betrayal, and pre- and post-marital problems--and also with individual personal difficulties including depression, anxiety, fears, and addictions. Most emotional problems have their basis in current or past personal relationships. Good therapy involves a clear understanding and honoring of the many complex issues involved. I deeply respect the fact that most people come to therapy with emotional struggles and decisions that are the most difficult of their lives."
Self Esteem
"Help for: Depression, Anxiety, Motivation, Academic Goals, Career Goals. Education: USC, Brown University. My goal is to help you get from a place of just getting by to a place of getting well, to help you create positive changes so you can move from mere coping to full on thriving. You may have a concern related to your emotional well-being. Or you may have concerns about your goals and career path. Or you may have a struggle in one of your relationships. Or you may just want to see what therapy and life coaching is all about."
Self Esteem
"I provide individual therapy to children, adolescents, and adults; as well as providing therapy to couples and families. Are you struggling with the demands, of work, kids, a spouse or partner? Are you feeling overwhelmed at work/home and cannot manage the anxiety/depression? Do you and your partner disagree about how to parent the kids? Are you struggling with blending two families together? I will help you explore solutions to the problems and challenges you are facing."
Self Esteem
"I am encouraged that you have taken the first step to feeling better. Therapy is really hard work ~ and absolutely worth it. Feeling stuck is not a way of life ~ together we can get you moving again. I provide a safe, grace-filled environment to deal with life's challenges. I would love to walk alongside you to uncover your authentic life."
Self Esteem
"I assist with helping others find peace in the face of the day to day stresses. I have experience working with families, individuals, couples, and teenagers. I have a direct approach, respecting the client. I have worked with many couples and encourage pre-marital counseling. I have years of life experience to offer in my counseling."
Self Esteem
"My mission is to help empower individuals, to find effective ways of healing, in order for them to find contentment. Do you find yourself feeling as though no one understands what you're going through? Would you like to feel understood; to find someone who can help discover what might be keeping you from feeling content? My goal in the therapeutic setting is to treat the whole person, to help you explore your resources and find effective ways of healing."
Self Esteem
"Truth is a fundamental and guiding concept in my practice. I believe we all know when we encounter truth. It is that which resonates with us. Like great art, truth retains value and grows in worth over time. Also, like great art, truth is best shared with a partner. Working with committed relationships is an important focus of my practice. Isn't retaining value and worth what you want for yourself, your partner and your children? In my work, I attempt to be the conduit through which my clients re-connect to that which stands alone and endures within them."
Self Esteem
"I enjoy working with college aged students, couples, as well as adolescents who are dealing with adjustment, identity, anxiety, depression and relational issues. I also enjoy working with pregnant women and new moms as they embark on their new journey of parenthood."
Self Esteem
"Therapy. That can be a pretty scary idea. For some there's still a stigma attached to pursuing professional counseling...you have to be crazy, right? Believe it or not, the healthiest, most courageous people I know are in counseling. Why? People in counseling recognize that there is a problem, are willing to work hard to find a solution, and aren't afraid to get their hands dirty in the process. I can't promise you that therapy is easy but I can promise I'll get my hands dirty right along with you. Make the investment in yourself today."
Self Esteem
"Seeking help is often the first step to healing and growth. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, or lonely? Family of origin issues and past pain can affect our current relationships and functioning. We are a product of our past, but we do not have to be defined by it. In therapy, we will dig deeper to explore the root causes of an issue so that you can experience healing. My hope for you is to feel empowered and to have greater joy in life. Is faith important to you? I can integrate biblical principles into our work together."
Self Esteem
"Are you recently pregnant or home with your newborn and struggling to adjust to the emotional and physical changes that you are going through? Are you and your partner having trouble navigating parenthood? I can help you find the solutions and strategies to get through this difficult time. I offer individual and couples therapy as well as parenting support. I also provide support to women dealing with stress, relationship issues or other life transitions. Counseling is offered in Spanish as well."
Self Esteem
"C.G. Jung famously said, "I would rather be whole than good." Wholeness, knowledge and acceptance of oneself, and living life fully is what depth psychotherapy is all about. Each person or couple begins the process of psychotherapy for different reasons. For some, there may be an immediate crisis or trauma to be worked through. Others may be experiencing extended symptoms of depression, hopelessness, anxiety, addiction, anger, confusion, procrastination, loneliness, sexual and relationship problems, or grief. Many seek to explore important questions of meaning, identity, spirituality, philosophy, gender issues, psychology, politics and power. All are suitable reasons for depth psychotherapy."
Self Esteem
- Addiction
- Anger Management
- Anxiety
- Child or Adolescent
- Depression
- Eating Disorders
- Relationship Issues
- Self Esteem
- Addiction
- Adoption
- Alcohol Abuse
- Alzheimer's
- Anger Management
- Antisocial Personality
- Anxiety
- Asperger's Syndrome
- Autism
- Behavioral Issues
- Bipolar Disorder
- Borderline Personality
- Career Counseling
- Child or Adolescent
- Chronic Illness
- Chronic Impulsivity
- Chronic Pain
- Chronic Relapse
- Codependency
- Coping Skills
- Depression
- Developmental Disorders
- Divorce
- Domestic Abuse
- Domestic Violence
- Drug Abuse
- Dual Diagnosis
- Eating Disorders
- Emotional Disturbance
- Family Conflict
- Gambling
- Grief
- Hoarding
- Infertility
- Infidelity
- Intellectual Disability
- Internet Addiction
- Learning Disabilities
- Life Coaching
- Life Transitions
- Marital and Premarital
- Medical Detox
- Medication Management
- Men's Issues
- Narcissistic Personality
- Obesity
- Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
- Oppositional Defiance
- Parenting
- Peer Relationships
- Pregnancy, Prenatal, Postpartum
- Racial Identity
- Relationship Issues
- School Issues
- Self Esteem
- Self-Harming
- Sex Therapy
- Sexual Abuse
- Sexual Addiction
- Sleep or Insomnia
- Spirituality
- Sports Performance
- Stress
- Substance Abuse
- Suicidal Ideation
- Teen Violence
- Testing and Evaluation
- Transgender
- Trauma and PTSD
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Video Game Addiction
- Weight Loss
- Women's Issues
- More +
Treatment Orientation
- Cognitive Behavioral (CBT)
- Dialectical (DBT)
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
- Adlerian
- Applied Behavioral Analysis
- Art Therapy
- Attachment-based
- Biofeedback
- Christian Counseling
- Coaching
- Cognitive Behavioral (CBT)
- Compassion Focused
- Culturally Sensitive
- Dance/Movement Therapy
- Dialectical (DBT)
- Eclectic
- Emotionally Focused
- Existential
- Experiential Therapy
- Expressive Arts
- Family / Marital
- Family Systems
- Feminist
- Forensic Psychology
- Gestalt
- Gottman Method
- Humanistic
- Hypnotherapy
- Imago
- Integrative
- Internal Family Systems (IFS)
- Interpersonal
- Intervention
- Jungian
- Mindfulness-based (MBCT)
- Motivational Interviewing
- Multicultural
- Narrative
- Neuro-Linguistic
- Neurofeedback
- Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
- Person-Centered
- Play Therapy
- Positive Psychology
- Prolonged Exposure Therapy
- Psychoanalytic
- Psychodynamic
- Psychological Testing and Evaluation
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
- Reality Therapy
- Relational
- Sand Play
- Solution Focused Brief (SFBT)
- Somatic
- Strength-Based
- Structural Family Therapy
- Supervision Services
- Transpersonal
- Trauma Focused
- More +


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
This item has been discontinued and we do not expect it to be offered again.
Dad's going to need replenishment when it's his turn to take care of baby. This plastic travel mug measures 6.5" tall and 3.25" wide. Underneath the clear plastic body is a canvas wraparound. The front logo reads "DADDY IN SERVICE, ACTIVE DUTY, 1ST NEWBORN DIVISION." Background words include "strength, commitment, integrity, dedication, self." This mug holds 16 ounces of liquid and has a black top. You can drink by screwing off the top cap. There is also a sliding piece at the top of the cap that reveals a 0.75" x 0.25" slit for drinking as well. A great gift to stick inside a daddy diaper bag at a baby shower.
Item Number: LR-24CU440


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 8, 1992
|Filing date
|Aug 6, 1990
|Priority date
|Aug 6, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gary D. Grubbs
|Original Assignee
|Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (57), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Patent applications bearing attorney docket numbers: RCA 85,975, RCA 85,976, RCA 86,099, RCA 85,961, RCA 86,109, and RCA 86,110, filed herewith, and assigned to the same assignee as the subject application, contain related subject matter.
The subject application concerns the field of television receivers including an FM radio.
It is desirable to have a television receiver which is capable of receiving not only television signals, but also broadcast FM radio signals. In the United States, the broadcast FM band occupies a band of frequencies extending from approximately 88 MHz to approximately 108 MHz. This band of frequencies lies between the frequencies allocated for broadcast television channel 6 and television cable channel 98. Modern intercarrier sound-type television receivers having the capability to receive broadcast FM signals are known from the prior art. However, in these known arrangements, their respective manufacturers added a separate FM radio having its own tuner.
A single tuner in a television receiver is employed for tuning television signals in at least one band of television frequencies, and broadcast FM radio signals in an FM band of frequencies adjacent to the television band of frequencies. The television tuner serves as the first frequency conversion stage of a double conversion FM receiver, wherein an FM radio integrated circuit serves as the second frequency conversion stage. It is herein recognized that in a double conversion FM receiver, the frequency of the first IF must be carefully chosen to avoid an image frequency with respect to the lowest frequencies of the FM broadcast band.
FIG. 1 shows, in block diagram form, a television receiver incorporating the subject invention.
FIG. 2A shows a parallel resonant FM trap as known from the prior art.
FIG. 2B is a graph of the amplitude vs. frequency characteristic of a parallel resonant circuit of the type shown in FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3A shows an FM trap in accordance with the subject invention.
FIG. 3B is a graph of the amplitude vs. frequency characteristic of the FM trap of FIG. 3A and antenna input circuitry, when the tuner is tuned to channel 6.
FIG. 4 is an illustration showing a display screen produced in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a portion of the tuner of FIG. 1, showing the connection of the FM trap of FIG. 3A.
FIG. 6A shows the combined 43.3 MHz bandpass filter and 48.65 MHz half-IF trap of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6B is a graph of the gain vs. frequency characteristic of the filter unit of FIG. 6A.
Referring to FIG. 1, television radio frequency (RF) and broadcast FM radio frequency signals are applied an to RF input terminal of an FM trap circuit generally designated 100. FM trap 100 will be described in detail below with respect to FIG. 3. RF signals appearing at the output of FM trap 100 are applied to a tuner 102. Tuner 102 includes an RF amplifier 102a for amplifying RF signals, and applying the amplified RF signals to one input of a mixer 102b. Tuner 102 also includes a local oscillator 102c for generating a local oscillator signal which when applied to a second input of mixer 102b heterodynes with the amplified RF signal and produces an output signal at the television intermediate frequency (IF frequency). Tuner 102 selects a particular RF signal under control of a tuner control unit 104. Alternatively, tuner control unit 104 may also be included within tuner 102. Tuner control unit 104 applies a tuning control signal to tuner 102 via a wire 103, and applies bandswitching signals via a control bus 103'. The tuning control signal and bandswitching signals control the frequency at which local oscillator 102c oscillates, thus determining which RF signal is converted (heterodyned) to the IF frequency. Tuner control unit 104 is controlled by a controller 110. Controller 110, which may be a microprocessor or microcomputer, includes a central processing unit (CPU) 112, a read-only memory (ROM) 114, and a random access memory 116. Controller 110 receives user-entered control signals from a local keyboard 122, and from an infrared (IR) receiver 120. IR receiver 120 receives and decodes remote control signals transmitted by a remote control unit 125.
The intermediate frequency (IF) signal produced by tuner 102 is applied to a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter preamplifier 105 which amplifies the IF signal and applies it, via SAW filter 106 to a video signal processing unit 130. Video signal processing unit 130 comprises a video IF (VIF) amplifying stage, an automatic gain control circuit (AGC), an automatic fine tuning circuit (AFT), a video detector, and a second IF (SIF) amplifying stage. Processing unit 130 produces a baseband composite video signal (TV), and a sound carrier signal. The sound carrier signal is applied to an audio signal processor unit 135 which includes a TV stereo decoder, a matrix, and a DBX expander. Audio signal processor unit 135 produces left and right audio signals and applies them to one pair of inputs of an audio switch unit 136. The output of audio switch unit 136 is coupled to an audio amplifier unit 137. Audio amplifier unit 137 produces amplified baseband left and right audio signals and applies them to a pair of speakers 138 for sound reproduction.
The baseband video signal (TV) is coupled to a video processor unit 155 and a kine driver amplifier 156, and ultimately displayed on a display screen of a display device 158. Video signals are also applied to a sync separator unit 160 which derives vertical and horizontal synchronizing signals therefrom. The derived vertical and horizontal signals are applied to a deflection unit 170 for the production of deflection signals for application to the yoke assembly of display device 158. Under control of controller 110, an on-screen display processor 140 generates character signals, and applies them to a second input of video signal processor 155, for display on display device 158. The circuitry described thus far, with the exception of the particular FM trap shown in FIG. 1, is known from the RCA CTC 156 color television chassis.
The intermediate frequency (IF) signal produced by tuner 102 is also applied, via a 43.3 Mhz bandpass filter and 48.65 MHz trap arrangement 145, to a single chip FM radio integrated circuit (IC)180. FM radio IC 180 is, for example, a CXA12338M/S AM/FM Stereo Radio Circuit manufactured by SONY Corporation. FM radio IC 180 includes an amplifier 180a, a mixer 180b, an oscillator 180c, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 180d, an FM IF and detector unit 180e, and an FM stereo decoder unit 180f.
It is herein recognized that television tuner 102 may be used as the first frequency conversion stage of a double conversion tuner for the FM broadcast band, wherein the second frequency conversion stage of the double conversion tuner is provided by FM radio IC 180. That is, a particular FM radio signal is selected and converted in frequency from one of the FM radio band of frequencies, to a first intermediate frequency of 43.3 MHz. The value 43.3 MHz is important and its selection will be discussed below.
The signals at the first IF frequency are then heterodyned in mixer 180b with the 54.0 MHz oscillator signals produced by fixed frequency crystal-controlled oscillator 180c. It was found that it is desirable to crystal-control oscillator 180c to avoid drifts in frequency due to temperature changes which may occur in and around the area of oscillator 180c. While a 54.0 Mhz crystal can be used, it was found that the third overtone (at 54 MHz) of a standard value 18 MHz crystal could be used as well. The result of the heterodyning process is an FM radio signal at the nominal FM IF frequency of 10.7 MHz, which is then filtered in a ceramic resonator arrangement, generally designated 182. The second ceramic resonator of ceramic resonator arrangement 182 was added to improve selectivity. Signals at the output of ceramic resonator arrangement 182 are then amplified, detected, and decoded by FM signal processing units 180d, 180e, and 180f, in the normal manner. A potentiometer VR1 is provided for adjustment of the VCO frequency. Decoded left (L) and right (R) stereo signals are applied to a second pair of input terminals of audio switch 136. When the decoded left (L) and right (R) stereo signals are selected by audio switch unit 136, they are applied to audio amplifier 137 for reproduction in speaker arrangement 138. Lines 117 and 118 coupled between FM radio IC 180 and controller 110 convey signals indicative of whether a signal is tuned, and whether a signal is in stereo, respectively.
Tuner 102 is of the frequency synthesis (FS) type, which means that the frequency of the local oscillator can be changed in a series of steps of a given size under control of controller 110. In FM reception mode, controller 110 causes oscillator 102c to change its frequency in 31.5 kilohertz steps. This means that there can be a mistuning of an FM station by a maximum of 31.5 kHz/2, or 15.75 kHz error. This is acceptable because FM radio IC 180 has acceptable demodulation characteristics over a range of approximately �/- 110 kHz, and also because the FM broadcast frequencies are spaced 200 kHz apart.
The selection of 43.3 MHz as the frequency for the first IF of the double conversion FM radio receiver will now be explained. As is well known, the amplitude vs. frequency characteristic of the tuner is substantially shaped like a haystack, with the chroma carrier and pix carrier residing at respective sides of the haystack approximately 3 db down from the maximum. The approximate center point of the haystack between these two carriers is 44 Mhz. One skilled in the art might believe that this would be the optimum frequency for the first IF of the FM radio system. However, 44 Mhz is almost exactly the half frequency value of the lowest FM radio frequency (at 88.1 MHz), and would cause the following problem. The frequencies of the signals applied to a mixer are doubled by the action of mixing. Most of these products are out of band and filtered out by tuned circuits coupled to the output of the mixers. If 44 MHz is used as the first IF frequency, then local oscillator 102c would oscillate at 132.1 MHz in order to tune an 88.1 MHz FM carrier. In that case the following signals would be produced,
132.1 MHz-88.1 MHz=44 MHz (the desired signal); and
2�88.1 MHz-132.1 MHz=44.1 MHz (undesired image).
The undesired image signal is well within the bandwidth of the second IF. This situation causes interference and distortion at the system audio outputs. This is further complicated by the fact that tuner FM traps give very little attenuation at 88.1 MHz causing intermodulation distortion in the tuner to happen at relatively low input signal levels. Frequencies greater than 44 Mhz, but less than the pix carrier at 45.75 MHz, would cause image problems on higher FM radio stations. The best value therefore is one below 44 MHz, but higher than the color subcarrier at 42.17 MHz (because going lower than the color subcarrier would cause the signal to drop rapidly down the "haystack"). The value 43.3 MHz is close enough to the crest of the haystack to provide symmetrical signals, and far enough away from 44 MHz to avoid image interference problems. When 43.3 MHz is selected at the first IF frequency, local oscillator 102c would be controlled to oscillate at 131.4 MHz in order to select an FM carrier at 88.1 MHz. This produces the following output signals,
131.4 MHz-88.1 MHz=43.3 MHz (the desired signal); and
2�88.1 MHz-131.4 MHz=45.8 MHz (undesired image).
The undesired image signal is now 2.5 MHz away from the desired signal, is well outside the 300 kHz bandwidth of the second IF stage, and will not cause distortion. In fact, a signal having a frequency between 43.5 MHz and the color subcarrier frequency, is a good candidate for the first IF of the above-described double conversion tuner.
Similarly, the second IF has an image problem to be avoided. Specifically, a signal at 48.65 MHz (i.e., 43.3 MHz +5.35 MHz (one-half the second IF frequency of 10.7 MHz) would cause an image to appear at 10.7 MHz, again causing interference. Because the second IF frequency is fixed at 10.7 MHz, this problem is eliminated in filter unit 145 without having to employ tracking filters. The circuitry of filter unit 145 is shown in detail in FIG. 6A. The 43.3 MHz bandpass filter comprises a pi-type arrangement of an inductor L601, and capacitors C601 and C602. A trap at 48.65 Mhz was obtained by adding a capacitor C603 in parallel with inductor L601. The gain vs. frequency characteristic for this arrangement is shown in FIG. 6B. The following component values are preferred:
L601: 101 nanohenries
C601: 39 picofarads
C602: 120 picofarads
C603: 100 picofarads
In operation, controller 110 receives a command, via local keyboard 122, or via IR receiver 120, to enter the FM radio mode. In response, controller 110 applies a signal to the base of transistor Q1 via resistor R1. Transistor Q1 switches on and provides a source of supply voltage to a voltage regulator circuit R2, D2 which in turn provides power (VCC) to operate FM radio IC 180. This switched VCC is also applied to the control terminal of stereo switch 136 and causes the selection the FM radio audio signals in FM radio mode.
There are two obstacles to good FM reception performance, poor sensitivity and overload, and a carefully chosen compromise between the two must be utilized. Recall that in the television mode of operation, the RF-amplifier is gain controlled by an AGC signal derived in the television video IF (VIF) circuitry. In FM mode, the AGC signals are disconnected from the RF amplifier because no meaningful AGC signals are being produced in the VIF circuitry. If the television tuner were to be operated at maximum gain in FM reception mode, medium to strong level FM signals would overdrive the tuner mixer and RF stages, creating unwanted distortion products. Providing a separate FM AGC arrangement is simply unacceptable due to the cost and complexity which would be added to the television receiver. The solution is to operate the RF stage of the tuner at a fixed gain during FM reception mode. This arrangement has a much lower cost, adding only a few components. The gain reduction must be chosen carefully. Too much gain reduction would produce poor FM reception sensitivity, and too little gain reduction yields an overload situation. A second factor which aids to make operation of the RF stage at a reduced gain function well, is the fact that the noise FIGURE of the gain reduced RF amplifier stage is degraded (becomes higher) at a much slower rate than the rate for gain reduction, thus maintaining a better signal to noise ratio. This permits compensation for the RF amplifier gain reduction to be placed in a subsequent IF postamplifier stage, to maintain overall receiver sensitivity.
Disconnecting of the AGC signals is accomplished by applying the 4.7 volt FM radio switched VCC to AGC line 102d via a diode D1. The FM radio VCC supply is well regulated enough to yield gain reductions which fall within acceptable tolerances. It is important to note that the FM radio IC chosen has a wide range of usable operating voltages. The 4.7 volt level was specifically chosen to fit the needs of the television tuner RF gain reduction bias. A resistor R3 isolates the AGC circuitry from the applied VCC. The amplitude of the switched VCC after passing through diode D1 is approximately 4 volts. Applying a fixed 4 volt signal to the AGC control terminal of RF amplifier 102a causes it to operate in a lower gain mode.
The switched FM radio VCC is also applied to the base of SAW filter preamplifier 105 to disable the amplifier and further attenuate unwanted signals at the input of video processing unit 130.
Surprisingly, it was found that an FM trap produces a beneficial effect in a television receiver utilizing a single tuner for receiving both television signals and broadcast FM radio signals. Specifically, the FM trap attenuates the FM radio signals which would otherwise have too great an amplitude at the television tuner input. It is also recognized herein that the FM trap should exhibit a frequency response having relatively sharp "skirts" to minimize interference with signals of adjacent television channels, and having a substantially flat band reject region to provide FM signals having a substantially uniform amplitude throughout the FM radio broadcast band.
FIG. 2A shows a parallel resonant FM trap known from the prior art. Series resonant FM traps, and combinations of series and parallel FM traps were also known in the prior art. In each case, however, no effort was made to limit the attenuation of these prior FM traps. Instead, each attempted to obtain the deepest possible notch, because in a television receiver without an FM radio, there is no need to preserve any of the broadcast FM signal spectrum. FIG. 2B shows the amplitude vs. frequency characteristic of a parallel resonant circuit, such as shown in FIG. 2A. This arrangement is unsatisfactory for a combined television and FM system for the following reasons. If the resonant frequency of the circuit of FIG. 2A were to be set at the center of the FM band of frequencies, then the amplitudes of signals of the individual respective FM broadcast stations would vary greatly at the input of the RF amplifier. It is also unsatisfactory because the roll-off of the characteristic (i.e., the slope of the skirts) is not steep enough to provide enough protection from FM interference for the adjacent television channels.
Turning now to FIG. 3A, a three-section FM trap is shown which overcomes the above-noted problems of the prior art FM traps. Section I of the three-section FM trap comprises a parallel arrangement of an inductor L301, a resistor R301, and a capacitor C301. Section I is tuned to 97.5 MHz to make the frequency response of the overall arrangement as uniform as possible. Section II of the three-section FM trap comprises a parallel arrangement of an inductor L302 and capacitor C302. Section II is tuned to 104.0 MHz to provide protection for VHF channels 12 & 13 (in the U.S.). Section III of the three-section FM trap comprises a series resonant circuit disposed from a point between Sections I and II, to a point of reference potential (i.e., signal ground). Section III is tuned to 90.5 MHz to protect low band VHF channel 6 against educational FM transmissions which are as close as 88.1 MHz. Resistors R301 and R303 set the trap depth. It should be noted that Section II needs no additional loading since the loading effects of the antenna filter circuitry which follows it, reduces the trap depth of Section II to the amount desired. The above-described arrangement leaves the channel 6 chroma carrier essentially unmodified in level, but pulls down the channel 6 sound carrier about 3-4 db, which is felt to be acceptable. The cable channel A-2 (i.e., 98) picture (pix) carrier is reduced by approximately 1 db, but this too is felt to be acceptable.
The following component values are preferred.
______________________________________Section I L301 approx. 18.3 nanohenries (adjust.) R301 270 ohms C301 150 picofaradsSection II L302 approx. 16.2 nanohenries (adjust.) C302 150 picofaradsSection III L303 approx. 680 microhenries (adjust.) R303 6.8 ohms C303 4.7 picofarads______________________________________
The above-described three-section FM trap provides a uniform level of rejection to signals in the 88 MHz to 108 MHz range of approximately 10�4 db. during the FM reception mode of operation. When the tuner is tuned to channel 6, however, the FM band rejections, as shown in FIG. 3B, are in the range of 18-22 db due to the added selectivity of the antenna input circuitry. The response characteristic shown in FIG. 3B was measured at the drain terminal of the RF amplifier dual-gate FET transistor Q501 of FIG. 5.
The three-section FM trap described above exhibits the following typical performance (referenced against the broadcast television channel pix carrier).
______________________________________Frequency (MHz) Response (db)______________________________________83.25 (chan 6 pix ref.) -086.83 (chan 6 chroma) -0.287.75 (chan 6 sound) -2.788.1 (lowest FM station) -4.688.3 -5.488.5 -6.288.7 -7.188.9 -8.089.1 -9.090.1 -12.690.5 -12.291.1 -10.192.1 -8.293.1 -7.694.1 -8.095.1 -9.096.1 -10.397.1 -11.198.1 -10.899.1 -9.9100.1 -9.0101.1 -8.7102.1 -9.2103.1 -10.7104.1 -11.8105.1 -7.8106.1 -3.3107.1 -0.8107.9 (top FM station) -0.4______________________________________
The desired end result of the trap attenuations by themselves, is that a required reduction of overall tuner gain at the FM band of frequencies is achieved. Compared to the average power gain of adjacent television channels 6 and 98, the reduction of the overall tuner gain at the following FM band frequencies is realized.
______________________________________ TYPICAL AVERAGE LOSS RELATIVE TO THE AVERAGE POWER GAIN OFFREQUENCY ADJACENT TELEVISION CHANNELS(MHz) 6 AND 98 (db)______________________________________88.1 7.590.5 1393.5 1297.5 12100.7 10.5104.1 6.5107.9 0______________________________________
During FM reception mode no television images are available for viewing. Accordingly, when an FM station is selected controller 110 causes on-screen display processor 140 to display a message indicating to a user that the television receiver is in FM mode, that a particular FM station has been selected and whether or not the received FM signal is in stereo. Such a display is shown in FIG. 4, wherein a message is displayed on the screen 410 of a television receiver 400. The display is presented to the user for a predetermined period of time (perhaps 30 seconds), after which there is displayed a blank screen.
FIG. 5 shows in detail the connection of the FM trap circuit of FIG. 3A to a simplified version of a portion of tuner 102. Specifically, the output of FM trap 500 is coupled through a series inductor, to a series of traps, generally designated 510. Traps 510 have a first parallel trap tuned to the TV IF frequency, a second shunt series trap to remove all signals below channel 2, and a second parallel trap also tuned to the TV IF frequency. The output of traps 510 is applied to the input of RF amplifier, generally designated 520. A tuner of this type is known from the MTP-M2016 tuner used with the CTC-156 chassis manufactured by Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind., and does not need to be described in detail.
It is also recognized herein that the subject apparatus can e used to tune broadcasts of the National Weather Service (NWS). These broadcasts are allocated to the following seven frequencies: 162.400 MHz, 162.425 MHz, 162.450 MHz, 162.475 MHz, 162.500 MHz, 162.525 MHz, and 162.550 MHz. Only one of these frequencies is assigned to a given geographic area. Typical weather radio receivers provide a switch for selecting one of three crystal controlled frequencies for receiving the broadcast.
It is further recognized herein that when NWS mode is selected only the center of the NWS band need be tuned. This is true for three reasons. First, the IF filters have a 190 kHz 3 db bandwidth which is greater than the 150 kHz total channel spacing of the NWS band. Second, the discriminator used performs well, even �1,000 kHz from the tuned frequency. Third, there is little or no overlap of the NWS stations (because the NWS frequencies are reserved, and because there is only one transmitter operating in a given area).
It is herein specifically recognized that the subject invention is also useful in videocassette recorders (VCRs). The term television receiver, as used herein, includes television receivers having a display device (commonly known as television sets) and television receivers without a display device, such as VCRs.
|Cited Patent
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|Mar 4, 1986
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|Jul 25, 1983
|Apr 8, 1986
|Rca Corporation
|Double conversion television tuner with frequency response control provisions
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|Nov 24, 1987
|Uniden Corporation
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|Feb 16, 1988
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
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|Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.
|Audio signal section apparatus
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|Jun 19, 1990
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|Signal distribution network
|An Article in Funk Technik, vol. 35, No. 6/1980, pp. 216 226, (Translation Attached).
|An Article in Funk-Technik, vol. 35, No. 6/1980, pp. 216-226, (Translation Attached).
|RCA/GE Color Television Service Data, CTC156/157, PAGE 2-1
|RCA/GE Color Television Supplemental Service Data, CTC156/157-S1,AUG. 89, PAGE 2-3
|SAMS Photofact Schematic for the Dumont Model RA 119A Television Receiver, Circa 1952.
|SAMS Photofact Schematic for the Dumont Model RA-119A Television Receiver, Circa 1952.
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|Jan 13, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Digital video recorder compatible receiver with trick play image enhancement
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|Aug 22, 1995
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method for recording digital data using a set of heads including a pair of co-located heads to record data at a rate lower than the full recording rate possible using the set of heads
|Feb 7, 1995
|Feb 20, 1996
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for increasing the recording time of a digital video tape recorder
|Nov 1, 1994
|Nov 19, 1996
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus directed to processing trick play video data to compensate for intentionally omitted data
|Jun 5, 1995
|Dec 10, 1996
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Digital recording and playback device error correction methods and apparatus for use with trick play data
|Aug 19, 1994
|Apr 22, 1997
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Digital video recording device with trick play capability
|Feb 16, 1996
|Sep 16, 1997
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method for recording digital data using a series of adjacent heads of alternating azimuths located on a headwheel to record data at a rate that is less than the full recording rate possible using the heads
|Jun 14, 1996
|Sep 30, 1997
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method for generating a reduced rate digital bitstream by selecting data as a function of the position within an image to which the data corresponds
|Jun 5, 1995
|Nov 11, 1997
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Trick play data indentification methods and apparatus for use with digital video recording and playback devices
|Aug 30, 1994
|Feb 10, 1998
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|Method and apparatus for the selection of data for use in VTR trick playback operation in a system using intra-coded video frames
|Mar 15, 1996
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|Mar 17, 1998
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|Method and apparatus for selecting encoded video data for use during video recorder trick play operation
|Sep 5, 1996
|Mar 17, 1998
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|Methods and apparatus for recording data on a digital storage medium in a manner that facilitates the reading back of data during trick play operation
|Aug 30, 1994
|Jul 7, 1998
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|Method and apparatus for the selection of data for use in VTR trick playback operation in a system using progressive picture refresh
|Nov 16, 1994
|Mar 23, 1999
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for implementing a video tape recorder for recording digital video signals having either a fixed or variable data transmission rate
|Aug 12, 1994
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|Method and apparatus for controlling the position of the heads of a digital video tape recorder during trick play operation and for recording digital data on a tape
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|Method and apparatus for achieving video data reduction through the use of re-encoding
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|Apr 22, 1999
|May 9, 2000
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|Methods and apparatus for efficiently decoding bi-directionally coded image data
|Dec 11, 1998
|Aug 8, 2000
|Hitachi Of America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for efficiently storing reference frame data and using the stored data to perform motion compensated predictions
|May 12, 1998
|Sep 19, 2000
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for reducing the complexity of inverse quantization operations
|Apr 9, 1999
|Oct 31, 2000
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|Methods and apparatus for recording digital data including sync block and track number information for use during trick play operation
|Jun 26, 1998
|Nov 14, 2000
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for reducing the cost of video decoders
|Feb 14, 2000
|Dec 26, 2000
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Reduced cost methods and apparatus for decoding bi-directionally coded image data
|Nov 10, 2000
|Jun 19, 2001
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for decoding high definition and standard definition digital video images using a single decoder apparatus
|Apr 28, 1998
|Jul 17, 2001
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for decoding high and standard definition images and for decoding digital data representing images at less than the image's full resolution
|Jun 26, 1998
|May 7, 2002
|Hitachi America Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for processing luminance and chrominance image data
|May 10, 2001
|May 13, 2003
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for decoding and displaying high definition and standard definition digital video images at standard definition resolution
|Aug 2, 2005
|Aug 8, 2006
|Rfstream Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for an improved discrete LC filter
|Nov 12, 1999
|Aug 15, 2006
|Broadcom Corporation
|Fully integrated tuner architecture
|Jan 21, 2005
|Sep 5, 2006
|Rfstream Corporation
|Frequency discrete LC filter bank
|May 29, 2003
|Oct 3, 2006
|Rfstream Corporation
|Image rejection quadratic filter
|Apr 30, 2002
|Feb 6, 2007
|Hitachi America Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for decoding and displaying multiple digital images in parallel
|Oct 7, 2005
|Feb 27, 2007
|Rfstream Corporation
|Discrete inductor bank and LC filter
|Sep 30, 2002
|Apr 3, 2007
|Rfstream Corporation
|Quadratic nyquist slope filter
|Jan 19, 2001
|Jun 26, 2007
|Broadcom Corporation
|System and method for providing a low power receiver design
|Apr 5, 2006
|Nov 13, 2007
|Hitachi America, Ltd.
|Methods and apparatus for decoding and displaying different resolution video signals
|Oct 16, 2002
|Feb 5, 2008
|Rfstream Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for implementing a receiver on a monolithic integrated circuit
|Jun 5, 2003
|Feb 19, 2008
|Rfstream Corporation
|Quadratic video demodulation with baseband nyquist filter
|Mar 10, 2006
|Apr 15, 2008
|Rfstream Corporation
|MOSFET temperature compensation current source
|Mar 31, 2006
|Sep 9, 2008
|Broadcom Corporation
|Fully integrated tuner architecture
|Mar 10, 2006
|Nov 4, 2008
|Rf Stream Corporation
|Radio frequency inductive-capacitive filter circuit topology
|Jul 30, 2008
|Oct 26, 2010
|Broadcom Corporation
|Fully integrated tuner architecture
|Sep 16, 2010
|Oct 25, 2011
|Broadcom Corporation
|Fully integrated tuner architecture
|Apr 30, 2002
|Nov 28, 2002
|Boyce Jill Macdonald
|Methods and apparatus for decoding and displaying multiple digital images in parallel
|Sep 30, 2002
|Dec 4, 2003
|Kimitake Utsunomiya
|Quadratic nyquist slope filter
|Jun 5, 2003
|May 20, 2004
|Takatsugu Kamata
|Quadratic video demodulation with baseband nyquist filter
|May 29, 2003
|Jun 30, 2005
|Takatsugu Kamata
|Image rejection quadratic filter
|Jan 21, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Kimitake Utsunomiya
|Frequency discrete LC filter bank
|Aug 2, 2005
|Dec 1, 2005
|Takatsugu Kamata
|Methods and apparatus for an improved discrete LC filter
|Apr 5, 2006
|Aug 17, 2006
|Boyce Jill M
|Methods and apparatus for decoding and displaying different resolution video signals
|Mar 10, 2006
|Sep 21, 2006
|Takatsuga Kamata
|Radio frequency inductive-capacitive filter circuit topology
|Mar 10, 2006
|Sep 28, 2006
|Takatsugu Kamata
|MOSFET temperature compensation current source
|Mar 10, 2006
|Sep 28, 2006
|Takatsuga Kamata
|Wideband tuning circuit
|Jan 30, 2007
|Jun 7, 2007
|Kimitake Utsunomiya
|Methods and apparatus for implementing a receiver on a monolithic integrated circuit
|Jan 30, 2007
|Jul 19, 2007
|Kimitake Utsunomiya
|Methods and apparatus for implementing a receiver on a monolithic integrated circuit
|Sep 26, 1996
|Mar 14, 2001
|Method for producing semiconductor memory device with capacitor
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 13, 1990
Owner name: THOMSON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GRUBBS, GARY D.;REEL/FRAME:005462/0704
Effective date: 19900810
|Jan 11, 1994
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 31, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 15, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 28, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Dear youth pastors and leaders,
Our annual bilingual Paradox Conference, is happening soon! We are excited to bring together youth and young adults from all across Quebec. The conference is set to take place from May 19th to the 21st, at Evangel Church.
Our Paradox committee is comprised of eleven leaders from various churches and movements. We have been praying, planning and working tirelessly since last September to ensure that this will be an amazing weekend.
We want to underline, as we do each year, that our Paradox Conference is open to youth (ages 12-16) and young adults (ages 17-30).
Our goal for this weekend is to empower young people to live out their Christianity in an authentic way. We want to see young people truly in love with Christ! That they would know Who their identity is rooted in and reach out to those around them in faith and love.
Pastors and leaders, we hope you will partner with us by attending this event. We have our promo video that you can download to show to your youth group and church at large. We also encourage you to set up a fundraising campaign for your groups to help subsidize the cost of registration and lodging.
Can't wait to see you there!
Rev. Paul Tétreault
On behalf of the Paradox Team


text:
Essential Parts of A Business Letter
Essential Parts of A Business Letter :
A business letter, unlike a friendly letter must have a heading. On the first line, write your apartment number, postal box, rural route number and your street address1 (whatever applies to your address). The second line gives your city, town or village and the province name, and postal code. On the third line, write the month, the day and the year you are writing the letter. Never write your name as part of the heading of a letter.
2342 54th Street
Sussex, NB E4C 1T0
June 26 - 1999
The inside address is placed at the left margin, two spaces below the heading and contains the receiver's full name, title and address.
2342 54th Street
Sussex, NB E3C 1T0
June 26, 2009
Mr. Jack Humphries
Allied Trucking Limited
22 Provincial Avenue
Capital City - NB E2B 1T1
Do not use abbreviations for words like Street, Avenue, First or East as part of street or city name. Do not write a dash or hyphen between the two sections of the postal code.
The salutation is placed two spaces below the inside address. If you don't know the person well, use his/her full name and title in the salutation. If you do know him/her well, you would use his/her full name and title in the inside address and his/her first name in the salutation. In situation where you don't know whether the reader is male or female, you may find something like….
Dear Customer Service
Representative or Attention : Billing Department….suitable
305-19 Maple Avenue
Hampton, NB E4N 3C3
January 13 – 2009
Ms. Elizabeth Jackson
Salisbury Foods
22333 Centre Boulevard
St. George - NB E3N 2H6
Dear Ms. Jackson, or Dear Liz, (if you know her well)
The body of the letter is, of course, what the letter is all about. It begins two spaces below the salutation. You should single space within paragraphs and double space between them. The body of many business letters contains three paragraphs (although they don't all have to have five sentences). The first paragraph should state the problem or situation clearly. The second paragraph should explain in specific detail the reason for writing. The third and final paragraph should make a specific request for action and close with courtesy. Here's a sample body.
Dear Mr. Franklin.
We would like to invite you to speak at our annual Career Days Forum next month.
The event will take place at the Learning Centre in Sackville, New Brunswick, on April 23, 1999, from 10:00 a.m. until 12:30 p.m. We have invited a number of business people to give half hour presentations about the skills and training required to gain employment in their field. Many of the students are interested in learning about marketing and management in the technology industry, and your experience in this area would be most welcome.
Please call Marion Stacey at (506) 443-9900 to let us know if you will be able to attend and to arrange a time slot for your presentation. We will gladly arrange for any audio-visual equipment you may need.
Thank you for considering our request.
The conclusion of all letters is a brief phrase showing respect called the complimentary closing which is placed two spaces below the body. Only the first word of this closing is capitalized. Four or five spaces below this, the writer's typed signature (and title, if appropriate) should appear. The sender of the letter should write his/her signature between the complimentary closing and the typed signature.
Yours truly,
Christina Sharp
Christina Sharp
Most letters should be kept short and concise, but if a second page is required, arrange the body so that at least two of its lines appear on the second page. This second page should also have a heading that contains the recipient's name, the page number, and the date on which the letter was prepared. There are two possible styles.
Ms. J. Spencer
March 12 – 1999
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text:
Heavy rain reported in area where plane disappeared
France's transport minister says the crew's last message asked air control to change the plane's route because of the heavy rains in the are…
Sponsored by:
France's transport minister says the crew's last message asked air control to change the plane's route because of the heavy rains in the are…
The company at the center of a food scandal in China helps make some of the world's most popular foods
The Palestinian Red Crescent was trying to evacuate some 250 people from the area.
Remains from the wreckage of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH-17 arrive in the Netherlands today.
The agency said Wednesday it is working closely with the Israeli government to review new information.
Hundreds have been killed as Israel battles Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.
The agency had earlier reported, citing a local fire brigade chief, that 51 people had been killed.
British investigators began work on a pair of "black boxes" to retrieve data on the flight's last minutes.
Germany's Lufthansa and Air Berlin extended their cancelations through Thursday and Air France said it was suspending its flights "until fur…
The Sukhoi-25 fighters were shot down Wednesday over an area called Savur Mogila.
The intelligence officials were cautious in their assessment, noting that while the Russians have been arming separatists in eastern Ukraine…
Chinese authorities expanded their investigation of the meat supplier.
Delta Air Lines and United Airlines suspended service between the U.S. and Israel indefinitely.
onathan assured them of his determination that those still in captivity "are brought out alive."
No additional details about what would be released were available.
The U.N. secretary-general said Tuesday it is his "hope and belief" that his emergency mission to the Middle East will lead to an end to the…
The research was discussed Tuesday at the International AIDS Conference.
It was not immediately known if the missing soldier was alive or dead.


text: Back-to-school air conditioner service and other energy savings tips in Longmont Published on September 18, 2015 While back-to-school season doesn't legitimately mean the end of summer has arrived, it does mean that your family's energy consumption will probably change. The way kids go about doing their homework has changed quite a bit from the days of getting out a pad of paper or homework sheets and a pencil at the dinner table after school. It's progressed to be more an exercise in electricity usage. Seeing as this raises the amount of energy we're using, having air conditioner service performed now could not only help make a difference in advance of turning your furnace on, but paired with these energy saving tips, it can help you lower your monthly energy costs. Determine times for high energy consumption. Charging devices like tablets and laptops at the least expensive times of the day helps lower energy expenses. On days where it looks like you can't keep devices unplugged for a decent amount of time, try to balance it with less energy consumption through decreased television or less device time later in the night.Long sleeves are your friend. As the weather in Longmont cools off, our wardrobe changes. This allows us to try and save a bit of energy by adjusting our thermostats accordingly, but it's also the ideal time to think about having your annual air conditioner service performed. Not only does it help boost the system's efficiency, it can mean reduced energy usage and can lead to lower energy costs.Get outdoors. Plain and simple, when you are outdoors the need to heat and cool the inside of your home is decreased, lowering your energy consumption. You don't have lights switched on, and if you're a really savvy homeowner, you'll turn your thermostat up a few degrees if you plan on being gone for a while.Sure, back-to-school season can bring about a lot of other lifestyle changes and require getting adjusted to a new routine, but there are things you can do to help decrease your energy consumption. Air conditioner service is a natural fit to help do this. Plus, it requires little to no work from you. When you're ready to schedule air conditioner service as we head towards cooler weather, give us a call at 303-647-5749 or schedule an appointment with us online. Back To Blog


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Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure 2006: Diagnosis and Management, Arnold, JMO.; Liu, P; Demers, P; Dorian, P; Gianetti, N; Haddad, H; Howlett, J; Ignazewski; A., Johnston, D; Jong, P; McKelvies; RS; Moe, GW; Parker, JD; Ross, HJ; Sequeira, EJ; Svendsen, AM; Teo, K; Tsuyuki, RT; White, M. , Can J Cardiol, 2006, Volume 22, Issue 1, p.23-45, (2006)
The 2002/3 Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus guideline update for the diagnosis and management of heart failure, P Liu; JM Arnold; I Belenkie; C Demers; P Dorian; N Gianetti; H Haddad, J Howlett, A Ignazewski; P Jong; R McKelvie; G Moe; JD Parker; V Rao; JL Rouleau; K Teo; R Tsuyuki; M White; V Huckel; D Issac; D Johnstone; M-H LeBlanc; H Lee; G Newton; et al. , Can J Cardiol, 2003, Volume 19, Issue 4, p.347-356, (2003)
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text:
It's THE place to be for summertime fun!
You know summer's here when it's time for the annual St. Sebastian Parish Festival! The sights, sounds and smells of the season are nowhere more evident than at the Festival where friendship, family fun and faith are always on the menu. Scheduled for July 6 – 11 on the church grounds at 311 Siebert Road in Ross Township, the Festival raises money for St. Sebastian School and its numerous parish ministries. The Festival annually draws crowds of over 12,000 parishioners and visitors, and is one of the best and largest in the Diocese. Hours for the Festival are: Monday through Friday, 6:30 -10 p.m. and Saturday, 5-10 p.m. There is no cost for admission.
This year's Festival boasts new and exciting attractions including a significantly expanded gaming area, new menu items and a children's area that families will love! Plus there are the many highly anticipated attractions that have drawn visitors for years, including the best organized and merchandised Flea Market anywhere; nightly dinners and multiple food booths serving all your favorites; a raffle for a loaded 2015 Ford Edge provided by Shults Ford; thrilling rides and games for the kids; and a just added "one-price ride-all-night" bracelet, sure to be a big hit with devoted riders! Here's just some of the new fun that awaits at the St. Sebastian Festival: Continue Reading


text:
Tower Watch
Student and faculty complaints about messy classrooms and filthy bathrooms were frequently reported to Tower Watch during the fall semester. Such complaints have continued into the current semester. At left is a covered nonfunctional toilet in the upper F building area. Something broken on your campus? Contact us at email@example.com more ›


text:
Patio Cleaning in London by Fantastic Window Cleaners
13 000+ happy clients!
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Key Pick Up & Drop Off
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Making your life simpler is a lot easier when you use Fantastic Window Cleaners for all of your cleaning needs. Despite our name, it's not just glass that we've got the skills, training and specialist equipment to clean! Our service for London patio cleaning is a great way of preparing your garden for the coming summer, or to get it ready to survive winter. Leaving a messy patio area over the colder, wetter months is a sure-fire way to have a difficult cleaning job on your hands come spring. Use us as your patio cleaning company and you'll benefit from:
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Quality Control
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The procedures we have in place deal very quickly and effectively with any problem that may arise. We believe a prompt and accurate response to any questions or concerns is the key to avoiding mishaps or misunderstandings. We strive to make ourselves accessible 24/7, 365 days of the year. This makes sure that our customers receive an immediate response to any questions or additional services they require.
It's our quality control measures that give us the confidence to provide the comfort of our guaranteed satisfaction policy to our customers.
Window Cleaner Training
Our employees are trained in the use of the latest technology and most effective cleaning methods in the industry, and are well versed in proper product usage and safety procedures. We provide regular equipment upgrades for each service that we deliver. We work to instill in all of our staff the necessity of taking the time required to be meticulous in the quality of work provided to our customers.
Window Cleaner Self-Check Process
Quality assurance begins with the self-check process conducted by all of our window cleaners. This simple procedure follows each job and is the most effective measure in the elimination of oversights and the potential for a callback. Each staff member goes back over their job and inspects his or her own work to ensure it's properly completed.
Supervision and Inspections
- On-site support from managers or window cleaning supervisors
- Regularly scheduled inspections from a supervisor or manager
- Random unscheduled inspections by senior management to ensure our level of service is maintained.
We have a Continuing Commitment to:
- Ensuring that customer needs and expectations are determined and fulfilled, with the aim of achieving complete customer satisfaction
- Communicating the importance of meeting customer needs and all relevant statutory and regulatory requirements to everyone within the company
- Establishing the Quality Policy and completing its objectives
- Ensuring that Management Reviews set and monitor the quality objectives, and report on the Internal Audit results as a means of monitoring and measuring the processes and the effectiveness of the Quality Management System
- Guaranteeing the availability of resources
Copies of the Quality Policy are made available to all members of staff.
September 2014


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 1, 1994
|Filing date
|Mar 12, 1993
|Priority date
|Mar 24, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Yukinori Ebara, Tomoyo Kusakawa
|Original Assignee
|Nissho Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (52), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a blood sampler and an adapter for use with the blood sampler.
2. Prior Art
For clinical examinations such as the test of serum or blood cells, blood samples are collected using a blood sampler typically constructed as follows.
The blood sampler comprises in general a tube holder for receiving an evacuated blood sample tube. A sampling needle penetrates a forward end of the tube holder so as to extend forwards, and an elastic sheath fits on a rearward end of the sampling needle so that its fine bore through the rearward end is openably closed. The blood sample tube, which must be evacuated corresponding to the needed quantity of blood sample, is composed of a closed-bottom cylinder and a penetrable plug plugged in the open end of the cylinder.
When the blood sample is to be taken, the sampling needle will be caused to pierce a vein, and then the evacuated tube will be forced into the tube holder so that the penetrable plug presses the elastic sheath in the direction of its axis. As a result, the rearward end of the sampling needle penetrates both the sheath and the plug whereby the needed quantity of blood sample is allowed to flow back into the tube in proportion to its degree of evacuation.
The inner diameter of the tube holders has been designed in general to match the outer diameter of the penetrable plugs plugged in the blood sample tubes. Since the latter diameter is almost the same for the various types of tubes, the conventional tube holders are also of almost the same inner diameter.
It is however a recent tendency that the blood sample tubes of a smaller diameter and thus closed with a smaller plug are preferred.
In a case wherein the conventional tube holder of a normal, or greater diameter is used with the recent smaller tubes, a comparatively large gap will appear between the holder and the tube. Such a large gap will render it difficult for the needle's rearward end to pierce a central portion of the plug. In other words, there is a fear that the needle will erroneously pierce the peripheral zone of the plug.
Generally, the peripheral zone is thicker than the central portion in the axial direction of the plug so that a stronger friction is provided between said zone and the wall of closed-bottom cylinder and the needle can easily pierce the thinner central portion.
If the needle pierces the thick peripheral zone of the plug against a strong resistance, then this resistance which may be stronger than the friction referred to above would cause an unintentional withdrawal of the plug from the cylinder, with the needle being pulled away from the plug.
It is also to be noted that automatic chemical analyzers are now employed widely, which are constructed such that the blood sample tubes are put on a rack and their unremoved plugs are pierced successively by a "testing" needle for sucking the blood samples out of the tubes.
For a speedy sampling of the tested blood samples, the blood sample tubes used with those analyzers must have the plugs less resistant to the testing needle which pierces them.
However, with such a blood sample tube, its elastic sheath compressed by the plug tends to repel the plug when the tube is set in the holder before sampling the tested blood. This repelling force is likely to exceed the plug's friction holding the needle. Thus, the blood sample tube will be pushed backwards so that the "sampling" needle is withdrawn from the plug. This phenomenon is called the "kickback" of the tube, and is a serious problem which must be resolved.
An object of the present is therefore to provide a kind of adapter which can resolve such a problem when used with a blood sampler.
Another object of the invention is to provide a blood sampler comprising an adapter which is suited to resolve the problems mentioned above.
These objects will be achieved herein in the following manner. Namely, the blood sampler which is to be used with an adapter comprises a tube holder, a sampling needle piercing a forward end of the holder, an elastic sheath fitted on and openably covering a rearward portion and rearward end of the needle, a blood sample tube evacuated and having a plug plugged in an open end of the tube, with the evacuated tube being adapted for insertion in a cylindrical body of the holder when a blood sample is to be taken, wherein the elastic sheath is capable of being compressed in axial direction so that the rearward end of the needle penetrates both the sheath and the plug so as to allow the blood sample to be sucked into the tube, the adapter being interposed between the holder and the evacuated blood sample tube, and comprising: a rearward cylindrical body fittable in the holder; a plurality of forward flexible extensions integral with and forwardly protruding from a forward end of the cylindrical body; the extensions extending axially of said body so as to tightly surround the plug of the inserted blood sample tube; each of the forward flexible extensions comprising a rearward slanted portion and a forward gripping portion integral with and forwardly extending from the slanted portion; the rearward slanted portion being inclined inwardly towards the forward portion and elastically swingable outwardly when caused by the plug of the inserted tube; and the forward gripping portions also capable of flexing following the swung rearward portions so that their forward ends are transitionally displaced centrifugally and then restored to their straight position to hold the plug in place.
It is preferable that each of the gripping portions is formed with a stopping lug which protrudes inwardly from the gripping portion such that the plug of the tube is prevented from backwardly slipping off the gripping portions.
It may also be preferable that three or more flexible extensions are formed at regular angular intervals around the cylindrical body of the adapter, and desirably have a width of 3 mm or less.
The adapter may have its inner surface coated with a silicone agent or the like, especially in a case wherein the extensions are wider than 3 mm.
In operation for taking a blood sample, the adapter has to be set in the tube holder before the sampling needle is caused to pierce a vein. Since in this state the rearward opening of the needle is covered with the elastic sheath, the blood cannot flow back into the tube holder.
Next, the evacuated blood sample tube will be inserted in the adapter, with the plug leading the tube and also with the plug thereby contacting and expanding the slanted portions of the flexible extensions.
The flexible extensions surrounding the tube's plug will guide it while elastically flexing in the radial direction, so that the plug (clicking over the stopping lugs if they are provided) enters a space surrounded by the gripping portions and takes its position accurately coaxial with the adapter and thus coaxial also with the tube holder.
During such a motion of the members, the tube's plug will compress the elastic sheath so that the rear end of the needle does penetrate both the sheath and the plug, thereby permitting a quantity of the blood sample to flow back into the tube, and the quantity corresponding to the reduced internal pressure within the evacuated blood sample tube.
Since the forward gripping portions are transitionally slanted with their forward ends displaced centrifugally when the blood sample tube's plug is inserted, the restoring or righting moment of the flexible extensions will produce a forward component of force which is imparted to the blood sample tube so as to urge it forwards. This component of force will balance the backward force charged by the compressed elastic sheath to the tube, thereby protecting it from being "kicked back". In a case wherein the stopping lugs are formed on the adapter, they prevent the tube from being unintentionally removed from the gripping portions.
As the blood sample flows into the tube, the internal pressure thereof will rise to such a level as disabling any more suction of blood. After a predetermined quantity of blood sample is taken in this way, the tube will be forced backwards out of the adapter so that the rearward portion of the needle removed from the plug will be retracted into the sheath. This sheath which will have recovered its uncompressed state will close the rearward opening of the needle so as not to ooze into the tube holder.
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section showing a first embodiment of the invention, wherein a tube holder and a type of evacuated blood sample tube are illustrated together with an adapter;
FIG. 2 is another vertical cross section showing the embodiment, wherein the tube holder and a further type of evacuated blood sample tube are illustrated together with the adapter, and wherein the blood sample tube and its plug are of a smaller diameter;
FIG. 3 is still another vertical cross section showing the embodiment, wherein the tube holder and a still further type of evacuated blood sample tube are illustrated together with the adapter, and wherein the blood sample tube has a plug whose central region is extremely thin;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the adapter in the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a further vertical cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 and showing a second embodiment of the invention, wherein a tube holder and an evacuated blood sample tube are illustrated together with an adapter; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the adapter in the second embodiment.
In FIGS. 1 to 3 showing a blood sampler in its entirety according to a first embodiment of the invention, the reference numeral 1 denotes a tube holder, the numerals 2 and 3 respectively denote a sampling needle and an evacuated blood sample tube, with the further numeral 4 indicating an adapter.
The tube holder 1 formed of a plastics such as polypropylene comprises a cylindrical body 5 of a given diameter, a conical end 6 forwardly protruding from the forward end of the body, and a flange 7 outwardly and radially extending from the rearward end of said body.
The sampling needle 2 secured to and through the conical end 6 comprises a hub 10 and a hollow needle body 11 penetrating the hub. The hub 10 is disposed at a middle region intermediate the open ends of needle body, and threaded to a central portion of the conical end 6 of the tube holder 1. An elastic sheath 12 made of an appropriate rubber fits on the needle body's rearward portion behind the hub 10 and has a forward end tightly adjoined thereto. Thus, the sheath does openably close the rearward opening of the needle body 11.
The blood sample tube 3, which is previously evacuated to be inserted in the tube holder 1 from its rearward open end, comprises a closed-bottom cylinder 14 having a forward open end closed with a plug 15. This plug is removably attached thereto. The cylinder 14 is made of glass or plastics, while the plug may be formed of either a rubber or be composed of a rubber core and a plastics cover tightly fitted thereon. A central zone 18 of the plug 15 is relatively thin in the direction of axis so as to be lightly pierced by the needle. In contrast with the central zone, a peripheral zone 19 of the plug is thick enough for the plug to be securely held by the cylinder 14.
The aforementioned adapter 4, which is removably inserted in the tube holder 1, intervenes between the holder and the evacuated tube 3. The adapter 4 is made of a flexible plastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrol or the like, and comprises a rearward main cylindrical body 21, a flange 22 and a plurality of forward flexible extensions 23. The main cylindrical body 21 has a diameter substantially uniform over its full length, with the flange 22 protruding radially outwards from the rearward end of said body. The number of the extensions 23 is four in this embodiment, and they are disposed at regular angular intervals around the forward end of the rearward main body 21.
This main body 21 of the adapter is tightly fittable in the cylindrical body of the tube holder 1. Lugs 25 formed on the flange 22 and bearing against the flange 7 in the axial direction will determine the deepest position of the inserted adapter 4 in the holder 1.
The forward flexible extensions 23 integral with the cylindrical body 21 protrude forwardly from and axially of the forward end of the main body 21 towards the forward tip end of the needle 2. Thus, the extensions will tightly surround the plug 15 of the inserted blood sample tube 3. Each flexible extension 23 comprises a rearward slanted portion 27 and a forward gripping portion 28 integral with and extending forwardly from the slanted portion. The slanted portion 27 of each extension 23 is inclined inwardly towards its forward end, so that this portion will be caused by the plug 15 to elastically swing outwardly when the tube 3 is inserted. The forward gripping portions 28 each have at their forward ends a protrusion 29 extending inwardly from there, are also capable of flexing following the swung rearward portions 27. Therefore, the gripping portions 28 will be transitionally displaced centrifugally and then restored to their straight position to hold the plug 15 in place.
Example 1 of the embodiment is a case wherein the plug 15 of the evacuated tube 3 for taking a blood sample has an outer diameter considerably smaller than the inner diameter of the tube holder 1, which constitutes the blood sampler as described above. The adapter 4 has to be set in the holder 1 at first as shown in FIG. 1, and then the sampling needle 2 is caused to pierce a vein. In this state, the rearward opening of the needle 2 is closed with the elastic sheath 12, so that there is no possibility that the blood leaks into said holder 1 to stain it, the tube 3 or the adapter 4.
Next, the evacuated blood sample tube 3 shall be forced into the adapter 4, with the tube's plug 15 in the lead.
The flexible extensions 23 around the plug 15 regulate the tube 3 to maintain its position coaxial with the holder and the adapter 4. Such a guiding action continues during the plug's forward movement to compress the elastic sheath 12. The rearward end of the needle 2 thus penetrating said sheath and the needle 2 does not pierce the peripheral zone 19 of plug 15 but exactly pierces its central zone 18.
The recent automatic blood analyzers widely employed necessitate an improved blood sample tube which is easier to be pierced by a sampling needle. Example 2 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is designed to meet such a demand, wherein the central zone of the rubber plug 15 has a thickness of 1-2.5 mm in the direction of the axis of the evacuated tube 3. This blood sampler is used in a manner similar to Example 1. The needle 2 of the tube holder in which the adapter 4 is already inserted will be caused to pierce the vein, before the tube is forced into the adapter, also with the plug 15 in the lead.
The flexible extensions 23 surrounding the tube's plug 15 guide it while elastically flexing radially outwardly so that the plug can enter a space surrounded by the gripping portions 28 and be positioned coaxial with the adapter 4 and thus coaxial also with the tube holder 1. Since the gripping portions 28 were slanted outwardly towards their forward ends and exert a restoring forward moment to the tube's plug 15 which was being inserted, the backward force charged by the compressed elastic sheath to the tube 3 was observed not to "kick back" the plug to remove the needle 2 therefrom.
Reference 1 as a comparative example employed such a tube 3 as in Example 2, but without any adapter 4. It was observed that the axially compressed elastic sheath 12 caused the "kickback" phenomenon wherein the evacuated blood sample tube 3 was repelled backwards thereby withdrawing the needle 2 out of the plug 15.
Also in Example 2, the retaining action of the extensions 23 is realized in the same as in Example 1 to avoid the "kickback" phenomenon.
It will be understood that if the axial length of central zone 18 of the plug 15 and its diameter is so great as in the conventional blood sample tubes 3, the adapter 4 can be dispensed with so that only the tube is received in the holder 1 in order to take a blood sample. However, an adapter 4 similar to Examples 1 and 2 can be used also in that case, though the tube may encounter a stronger resistance when it is inserted with its plug being pierced by the needle, due to an increased friction between the large plug 15 and the flexible extensions 23 of adapter 4. This difficulty may be diminished easily by applying a silicone lubricant or the like to the whole inner surface of said adapter, as will be demonstrated below.
The important difference between the first and second embodiments resides in that a stopping lug 30, which is generally called an "undercut" in the molding of plastics, is formed integral with the rearward end of each gripping portion 28 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The stopping lugs 30 disposed at the rearward ends of the gripping portions 28 prevent the plug 15 of the tube 3 from being unintentionally repelled out of the portions 28. The resistance against the insertion of the tube may be reduced in the second embodiment by decreasing the width of the extensions 23 or by forming the adapter from a slicker resin, provided that the stopping lugs are formed on the gripping portions, without a fear that the adapter could not be used many times.
Such an effect of the stopping lugs 30 will become more apparent from the Examples and References given below.
An overall resistance which the blood sample tube comprising the plug and the closed-bottom cylinder will encounter when inserted into the holder having the adapter previously set in place and the sampling needle covered with the elastic sheath, is a sum of components. One component is the friction between the inner periphery of adapter and the outer periphery of the tube's plug, while the other component is the resistance of said sheath and plug against the needle piercing them. The overall resistance was measured using an "Autograph" made by the Shimazu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
A result of this measurement is given below for Examples 3 to 6 (including the first and second embodiments) and for References 2 and 3, in TABLE 1.
Instead of simply fitting the adapter in the tube holder either of the mating cylindrical bodies of tube holder and adapter may be formed with an annular groove which fits on an annular protrusion formed on the other cylindrical body so that said adapter can be more rigidly fixed in the holder. Alternatively, the adapter may be threaded in or adjoined to the holder by means of an adhesive.
In summary, the adapter provided herein is effective to position the tube's plug to be coaxial with the tube holder, thereby enabling the sampling needle to exactly pierce the central zone of the plug. Therefore, the adapter now eliminates the problem that the plug which has been fitted
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Evaluation DataEXAMPLES/ Extensions of Adapter Plug OverallREFERENCES Mat. T(mm) W(mm) Mat. Φ(mm) T*(mm) resistance "Kickback"__________________________________________________________________________1st EMBODIMENTExample 3 "PS" 0.8 5 butylEx. 3-(1) 17 6 2.0 Kgf NoEx. 3-(2) 15 6 1.7 Kgf NoEx. 3-(3) 17 2 1.2 Kgf NoExample 4 (the same extensions and plug as Ex. 3, but the extensions coated with a silicone)Ex. 4-(1) 17 6 1.6 Kgf NoEx. 4-(2) 15 6 1.6 Kgf NoEx. 4-(3) 17 2 0.6 Kgf NoReference 2 (the same as Ex. 3 but lacking the adapter)Ref. 2-(1) 17 6 1.6 Kgf NoRef. 2-(2) 15 6 1.6 Kgf NoRef. 2-(3) 17 2 0.5 Kgf Occurred2nd EMBODIMENTExample 5 "PP" 0.8 3 butylEx. 5-(1) 17 6 1.5 Kgf NoEx. 5-(2) 15 6 1.5 Kgf NoEx. 5-(3) 15 2 0.8 Kgf Occurred (3rd ff.)Example 6 (the same extensions and plug as Ex. 5, but the extensions formed with stopping lugs)Ex. 6-(1) 17 6 1.6 Kgf NoEx. 6-(2) 15 6 1.5 Kgf NoEx. 6-(3) 17 2 0.9 Kgf NoReference 3 (the same as Ex. 5 but lacking the adapter)Ref. 3-(1) 17 6 1.7 Kgf NoRef. 3-(2) 15 6 1.6 Kgf NoRef. 3-(3) 17 2 1.0 Kgf Occurred (8th ff.)__________________________________________________________________________ Notes: `Mat.` = material, `butyl` = butyl rubber, `T` = thickness, * = central zone, `W` = width, Φ = outer diameter, PS = polystyrol, PP = polypropylene. 10 tubes were tested for each adapter comprising four extensions. in the tube's open end with a weaker friction and been pierced at its thicker peripheral zone by the needle against a stronger resistance would unintentionally be pulled off the tube's open end together with the needle.
Further, even the tube having its central zone extremely thin in axial direction is not "kicked back" but can be retained in position due to the action of the flexible extensions of the adapter and the stopping lugs which may be formed on said extensions. Thus, the extensions can be made relatively narrow and thin, and the adapter can be made of any appropriate resin. Therefore, even the conventional large-diameter tube having a thick central zone can be received smooth in the adapter to take a blood sample, and as lightly as is for conventional ones, if the adapter's inner surface is coated with a silicone or the like.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 12, 1993
Owner name: NISSHO CORPORATION, JAPAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:EBARA, YUKINORI;KUSAKAWA, TOMOYO;REEL/FRAME:006468/0573
Effective date: 19930310
|Apr 20, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 4, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 7, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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