text:
Talk:1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash
|1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash is a featured article; it (or a previous version of it) has been identified as one of the best articles produced by the Wikipedia community. Even so, if you can update or improve it, please do so.
|This article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page as Today's featured article on June 24, 2007.
|Current status: Featured article
|A fact from this article was featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the On this day... section on June 24, 2008, June 24, 2009, June 24, 2010, June 24, 2013, and June 24, 2014.
|This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
- 1 Tailwind issue
- 2 Renaming?
- 3 Eyewitness
- 4 Chain of command chart
- 5 wow
- 6 Dates
- 7 One seeming inconsistency
- 8 excessive precision
- 9 Photo copyrights
- 10 Video
- 11 Holland's Picture
- 12 Did Holland ever attempt, or intend to attempt, a roll?
- 13 Ejection Seats?
- 14 I assume there's no cockpit voice recorder on B-52s
- 15 image copyright issue
- 16 Accelerated Stall
- 17 WSF and its relation to the flight path?
- 18 Article and talk page errors
- 19 View spike
- 20 Wrong person in the wrong plane?
- 21 Video about the accident in youtube
- 22 Errant Conclusion
- 23 Proposal to remove date-autoformatting
- 24 Dead link
- 25 Dead link 2
- 26 Meg Holland
- 27 Timings
Tailwind issue[edit]
The text of this article contains the following quote: "The final factor was the 10-knot tailwind that pushed the steeply banked aircraft into the accelerated stall, resulting in the crash." I am not sure where this opinion originated, but it reflects a lack of knowledge in basic aerodynamics. Unless the tailwind manifested itself in the form of windshear, which was not stated in the article, there is no way a tailwind could directly affect the stall of the aircraft. I know from my time spent as a flight instructor that student pilots often get confused on this very point. They some times believe that turning downwind in the landing pattern can cause the aircraft's airspeed to change and bring on a stall. However, this is not the case. Barring windshear, the airspeed of an aircraft in flight is unaffected by the direction that the aircraft is pointing relative to the direction that the wind is blowing across the ground. Only the ground speed is affected. For example, if an aircraft indicates an airspeed of 200 knots and the wind in its area is blowing at 10 knots over the ground, the aircraft will have a ground speed of 210 knots when flying downwind and a ground speed of 190 knots when flying upwind. The important point is that no matter which direction it is flying, it will always have an airspeed of 200 knots. Stall speed is based on airspeed, not ground speed. So changing direction in flight, in and of itself, has no effect on stall speed and will not cause the aircraft to stall. That said, the 10 knot tailwind could have had an indirect effect on this crash. Turning downwind, the aircraft's ground speed would have increased and the pilot may have steepened his turn to avoid overflying a restricted area. The steepened turn could have easily brought on an accelerated stall, stalling at a higher speed than normal, but this is an indirect cause. A tailwind does not cause accelerated stalls!
220.127.116.11 03:07, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
- The exact text from the mishap report is:
|Surface winds were out of the southwest and fairly constant in velocity. Any additional gust may have been sufficient to induce a stall since the MA (mishap aircraft) was near the stall speed. A rapid turn to downwind heading with high bank rates of turn will lead to airspeed bleed off if power is not added to overcome the induced drag and wind vector change. In this case, the 10 knot headwind turned into a 10 knot tailwind in 15 seconds. This rapid change is similar to a decreasing performance windshear. Winds were a factor in this mishap.
- If you think the text should read differently, please suggest how it should and I'll add it. I appreciate your input to help the article be more accurate. Cla68 03:31, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
- I think the article is correct, assuming that the aircraft was flying along a particular trajectory with reference to the ground. If a pilot maneuvers the plane so to perform a 360° around a fixed point (e.g. the tower), then the wind is indeed a factor, because at some point along the 360°, that wind will become tailwind, requiring appropriate changes in power/airspeed/bank angle in order to keep both the trajectory and a safe margin from stall. Giuliopp 04:35, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
As I understand the issue, as the aircraft turns through 180 degrees and a headwind becomes a tailwind, the groundspeed of the airplane increases because it is now being pushed from behind be the wind, however, the actual airspeed should be the same. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 02:43, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
- You are correct - the tailwind was not an issue, regardless what others claim. What may have been an issue is the gust factor. However, it wouldn't matter if it were tailwind or headwind, as gust factors vary both positively as well as negatively, and a momentary lull in a headwind could just as easily induce a stall as a momentary gust in a tailwind.
We have to be careful not to disregard the basic physics in this connection: In principle it is true, when headwind turns into tailwind, then the air speed should ultimately remain the same. But only ultimately. Because changing speed means acceleration. According to Newton's laws: F=am, where F is the force applied, m the mass of the object and a the acceleration. F is here the force applied by the wind, m the mass of the airplane. According to the report, the headwind turned into a tailwind within 15 seconds. When this happens, the airspeed will drop instantly, remain lower temporarily, and then the aircraft will accelerate again to finally return to the previous airspeed. However, for an object as massive as the B 52, this acceleration takes some time, time that was not available. Therefore, in this case, the sudden tailwind could very well have aggravated the stall. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dram4 (talk • contribs) 08:13, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
- The headwind turned into a tailwind because the aircraft was turning. Further, nothing in dynamics changes "instantaneously." Third, aircraft flying through a moving air mass are unaffected by head/tail winds except for their velocity over the ground (groundspeed, drift). Their velocity through the airmass remains unchanged, and it's the air mass, not the ground, that provides the lift which keeps them flying.
The mishap report is correct as far as the wind is concerned. We should keep in mind that the kinetic energy of the aircraft is dependent on its ground speed. If there is wind, as the aircraft turns, it has to accelerate or decelerate in order to maintain its airspeed. In the early days of aviation, aircraft speeds were low and turn rates were high. The reserve power available was also low. Hence, the danger in turning downwind soon after take off. In modern aircraft, it is rarely felt or recognized. But, if the aircraft is already close to stall and in a tight turn with high power, the effect becomes significant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 13:11, 8 August 2013 (UTC)
I realize that this is an FA article, so I want to be careful how I proceed on this, but I would like to suggest that this article be renamed to conform to the general naming conventions being promoted by the Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Aviation accident task force. The new name would be 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash. This would put the article in line with other military aviation crash articles, as well. Thoughts? AKRadeckiSpeaketh 17:35, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
- No objection from me and I'm the one who started the article. CLA 20:58, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
- No obejection from me either. However, since the article is under consideration for being "FA of the Day" in a few weeks, I'd suggest the re-name take place after that. I have already set up a Redirect of the new name to the current article. Check-Six 22:24, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
- Sounds good. I'll keep an eye on the FA of the day...that'll be a big plus for the project! AKRadeckiSpeaketh 01:01, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
- Don't most articles pertaining to aircraft accidents use the specific flight's call sign or flight number? Say, for example, TWA 800 crash is at TWA Flight 800, not "747 crash east of Long Island". So maybe this article should just be renamed "Czar 52"?-albrozdude 06:34, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Generally, flight numbers only apply to commercial flights, and then not always. It makes coming up with a uniform naming guideline a bit difficult, but over time this has become the perferred method both in Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation and Wikipedia:WikiProject Disaster management, and is outlined at the Aviation accident task force page...and input and suggestions are always welcomed there. AKRadeckiSpeaketh 00:48, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- Actually, the article states that Czar 52 was the pilot's callsign. --Cheezymadman
- The article seems to state that because of the way the sentence in question is written. As a former 325th flier, I can state with certainty (and the article's referenced links back me up) that Czar 52 was the flight call sign, not Bud Holland's personal call sign (which I do not recall at the moment). Unless otherwise specified for a specific mission, all the 325th's flight call signs were in the form of "Czar XX" with the "XX" being the crew number; personal call signs were not used as flight call signs. Shawn D. 16:10, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Don't most articles pertaining to aircraft accidents use the specific flight's call sign or flight number? Say, for example, TWA 800 crash is at TWA Flight 800, not "747 crash east of Long Island". So maybe this article should just be renamed "Czar 52"?-albrozdude 06:34, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Another reason to not call it "B-52 aircraft crash at Fairchild Air Force Base" is that it was not the only B-52 crash to occur at or near the base. Two separate incidents occurred in 1959. Shawn D. 16:10, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- If anyone wants to rename the article as discussed above, I don't have any objection. CLA 20:37, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Done. AKRadeckiSpeaketh 00:48, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
I watched this aircraft crash and later participated in the clean-up. I was part of the 92ND maintenance squadron and was working in a warehouse (TMO?) near the entrance to the flightline. We were packing B-52 bomb pylons into crates to prepare for shipment to other units because the bomber unit was being decommisioned. We heard the B-52 flying by and had to step outside to watch it. It blasted down the flightline and then banked sharply and turned and came back. It was amazing. I lost sight of it as it moved behind a hangar and then I heard a dull thud. Soon my heart sank as I saw an immense plume of black smoke. Immediately the place went nuts, civilian and military car rushed out to the flightline. I'll never forget this day. BWSK former USAF—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 184.108.40.206 (talk • contribs) {{{2}}}.
- Does this have something to do with the article? ShadowHalo 07:12, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- I think relating an eyewitness account is definitely interesting enough for the talk page, even if the talk page is normally for comments about the article itself. A2Kafir 18:33, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- It may be interesting but as you say, not what the talk page is for and should be discouraged. Sure for an article like this it doesn't create a big problem. But for e.g. some big disaster (including terrorist attacks), sports events etc there can be lots and lots of eyewitnesses each with their own account which can quickly get out of hand Nil Einne 21:45, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- First, there weren't lots of eyewitnesses to this crash. Second, the article is about the crash. Third, one of the eyewitnesses to the crash is reporting what he witnessed. Did you really miss the fact that the eyewitness correctly ID'd the fact that the 325th was in the process of being decommissioned as a bomber squadron? You think, perhaps, that element of information might have been a factor in the crash? The previous questions are rhetorical.
- It may be interesting but as you say, not what the talk page is for and should be discouraged. Sure for an article like this it doesn't create a big problem. But for e.g. some big disaster (including terrorist attacks), sports events etc there can be lots and lots of eyewitnesses each with their own account which can quickly get out of hand Nil Einne 21:45, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- I think relating an eyewitness account is definitely interesting enough for the talk page, even if the talk page is normally for comments about the article itself. A2Kafir 18:33, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
I was also there. I was in the 92nd OMS. I remember the crash. I remember everyone thought the pilot was a hero because he "put it down" in the only open field available. And that stuff about the KC-135 landing was BS. They had been doing those low fly bys for over a week. Someone "up the chain of command" wanted both planes visable after passing low and turning opposite each other. It was practice for a Air Show that was coming up. By tighting up their formation, when the KC banked left it caused a "dead" spot of air. When the B-52 banked hard right, it encountered the dead air. Sitting on the flightline in my bread truck,(call sign red 5) with the other 10 or so guys, we all saw the engines flame out 1,2,3 and then it nosed in to miss the BX where all the families were filming the show. Why do you think there was so many people filming it? Because it was the last day to practice. It was the dress rehersel. If the Air Force needs to blame someone they need to look further up the chain of command. Also how was there time for the AC (aircraft commander)to recieve the "go around" radio back and ask to perform a dangerous manuver right around the tower, recieve permission, realize he was crashing and then attempt to eject? Thats not how it happened, or when for that matter. The dates wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Riolovin (talk • contribs) 05:29, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
- I've been thinking about your comments for some time. If Holland was attempting a 360 degree turn around the tower, then how could he also have been trying to avoid crashing into the BX? The crash occurred on the exact flight path of the 360 degree turn. The 360 turn did not involve any flight over the BX. I don't, however, disagree with you that the AF should have looked further up the chain of command. It's common practice in the Air Force to to blame the mishap pilot when the mishap pilot happens to perish in the accident.{{Fact}} tag added by me. Cla68 (talk) 14:02, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
- I agree, Cla68. Too many errors. As for "blaming" the mishap pilot, I had not one, but three very close calls flying with the mishap pilot, as did a number of my friends, so I don't think it's an issue of pinning it on someone who can't defend himself. I think it's an issue of pinning the accident on the individual who caused the accident.
- It might have been a typo -- the filming was done from near Base Ops, not the BX. Shawn D. (talk) 14:39, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
- That makes sense, it would look look like Holland nose dived the aircraft in order to avoid crashing into base ops. However, the investigation indicates that Holland or McGeehan didn't have enough control of the aircraft at that time to avoid a collision with anything, including, obviously, the ground. Cla68 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 14:43, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
- Since there were seemingly a number of inconsistencies in the statement by Riolovin, I had disregarded the whole comment. I am not implying that he is lying, but just that his recollection doesn't mesh with my observations: 1) The B-52 banked left, not right. 2) I read no report and saw no evidence of an engine failure. In fact, in the video, you can hear the engines spool up as additional thrust is applied about 1/4 the way around. Also at this point the bank angle decreases and the plane appears to be controllable. My guess is that control was lost only after the bank angle increases again nearly half way around the 360. 3) The inconsistency with the location of the BX. 4) I think there were so many people filming because it was Wolff's "fini flight", but he is right, this was the last scheduled practice. 5) What dates are wrong? ... However, I do agree with the statement that there probably wasn't time to radio the tower for clearance to do a 360, and I have read (although I can't find a reference right now) that the 360 was part of the flight plan. Boardhead (talk) 18:17, 4 March 2008 (UTC)
- Interesting note: If one watches the video linked elsewhere on this talk page, it is a COMPILATION of airshow performances and the "photo-shoot" flight mentioned in the article. The "mishap" flight is at the end. I say "interesting" because one of the airshows DOES show the B-52 making a pass with a KC-135 alongside. At the end of the pass, the KC-135 DOES bank left, and the B-52 DOES bank right, just as Riolovin reports. But this was a PREVIOUS airshow performance. Czar 52 is clearly banking left for the 360 that ended in the crash, and there is no sign of any KC-135 in the air. I don't want to call anyone a liar either, but it strains credulity that an eyewitness would make such a blatant error. Jororo05 (talk) 21:52, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
Maybe I can help clarify something with regards to Riolovin's eyewitness report. There was a previous incident at Fairchild AFB in 1987 that involved a B-52 crashing as a result of turbulence from a KC-135. As per Riolovin's account, the aircraft was practicing for an airshow and crashed in an open field in front of the BX. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 05:39, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
- Correction - it was the KC-135, not the B-52, that crashed in 1987 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk) 05:54, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
Chain of command chart[edit]
This sentence:
Holland was the chief of the 92nd Bomb Wing's Standardization and Evaluation branch, McGeehan was the commander of the 325th Bomb Squadron, Wolff was the vice commander of the 92nd Bomb Wing, and Huston was the 325th Bomb Squadron's operations officer.
Could confuse readers without a basic understanding of AF unit structure, so i created a basic flow chart to help with any misunderstanding. Anynobody 07:13, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Thank you - I see this as a good help to this effort. You got it mostly. right. It's Lt Col Ken Huston, though, and Lt Col Mark McGeehan. I knew them both.14:41, 13 September 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk)
wow, the low notability of the topic, surprises me that one would take the time to make it a featured article. --Leladax 11:39, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Do you really mean "low notability", or do you mean "uninteresting to you"? --Bongwarrior 12:55, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Since when did this page become a smear campaign about Holland? I understand talking about the investigation, but it seems to me that someone is doing everything possible to point fingers, including an itinerary attacking Holland.—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 22.214.171.124 (talk • contribs) {{{2}}}.
- Look at the sources and they'll confirm that Holland's behavior and personality are at the core of this tragedy. The sources are very clear on this point. CLA 21:39, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- If you have something to share regarding Holland, please share it here. I would love to see some differing opinions. Check-Six 17:38, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- Um sorry but opinions of Holland are not what this talk page are for. I suggest you take that to your personal talk page. The talk page is only for ways to improve the article Nil Einne 21:41, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- I would argue that since the accident investigation board determined Holland's personality was a key factor in the accident, and that the accident IS the article, the principle way to improve the article is by gaining a better understanding of Holland. I flew with him on several occasions, and understand him as well as anyone else in the squadron did. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 00:35, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
- I agree. This is an extremly fascinating "personality" story. If there is an explanation out there, may it one day surface. Marksmithhfx (talk) 02:46, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
- In my mind, after carefully researching certain aspects of this crash, the explanation is clear: Holland requested a last-minute 360 around the tower, but misjudged the path of the aircraft which would have likely entered the area of restricted airspace had he continued at his original bank angle. When he realized his position, he reacted instinctively by banking harder to avoid the restricted zone, not realizing that this would result in an accelerated stall until it was too late. Boardhead (talk) 15:49, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
- According to what I read on the web while researching for this article, Holland's supporters have a different theory about what happened during the 360 turn. They appear to believe that someone else in the cockpit interfered with Holland's piloting during the turn and therefore helped cause the crash. I believe some of the comments on this talk page are veiled references to this theory. Since there is no evidence, as far as I know, to support this other theory, it will probably always be nothing more than speculation. Cla68 (talk) 21:41, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
- This is a valid point, and I have no way of knowing who was actually at the controls. My explanation was intended to shed light on "why" the crash occurred, and not "who" caused it. So it is fair enough to read "flight crew" instead of "Holland" in my statement above, although isn't Holland ultimately responsible for the actions of the flight crew? Boardhead (talk) 17:06, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
- According to what I read on the web while researching for this article, Holland's supporters have a different theory about what happened during the 360 turn. They appear to believe that someone else in the cockpit interfered with Holland's piloting during the turn and therefore helped cause the crash. I believe some of the comments on this talk page are veiled references to this theory. Since there is no evidence, as far as I know, to support this other theory, it will probably always be nothing more than speculation. Cla68 (talk) 21:41, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
- In my mind, after carefully researching certain aspects of this crash, the explanation is clear: Holland requested a last-minute 360 around the tower, but misjudged the path of the aircraft which would have likely entered the area of restricted airspace had he continued at his original bank angle. When he realized his position, he reacted instinctively by banking harder to avoid the restricted zone, not realizing that this would result in an accelerated stall until it was too late. Boardhead (talk) 15:49, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
In the article it states Bud Holland was killed when the craft crashed in 1993 but later under a picture it states he flew it over a low ridgeline in 1994. Why is this?
One seeming inconsistency[edit]
The second paragraph of the 'Other factors' section says "Pellerin, however, was unavailable for the flight on June 24 and Wolff was selected as the replacement aircrewmember. Due to the short notice of his assignment to the mission, Wolff did not participate in the pre-flight briefing and boarded the aircraft after the engines were started. Thus, Wolff was not aware of the planned mission profile and did not have an opportunity to raise any objections before take-off." But the second paragraph of the 'Crash' section says "The flight was also Wolff's "fini flight"—a common tradition in which a retiring USAF aircrew member is met shortly after landing on his or her final flight at the airfield by relatives, friends, and coworkers, and doused with water. Thus, Wolff's wife and many of his close friends were at the airfield to watch the flight and participate in the post-flight ceremony."
How did his friends and family have time to arrive at a special ceremony for his final flight when he didn't know it was to be his final flight until so soon before takeoff that he didn't even have time to review the flight plan?
Otherwise, indeed, an excellent article. 18.104.22.168 19:17, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- That's what the sources say. It appears that Wolff actually knew that he was flying as early as the day before or at least early the morning of, but for whatever reason didn't join the flight crew until after engine start. Nevertheless, his friends and co-workers had sufficient time to set-up a fini-flight ceremony for him including having an official photographer and videographer present to document the ceremony (this is one reason why there exists video and photographs of the crash). CLA 20:35, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Is it possible that Wolff didn't know, but that everyone else did? ie. a "surprise" Fini-flight? I know nothing of this tradition, so I am only speculating here. Boardhead (talk) 20:10, 4 March 2008 (UTC)
- Safety observers aren't a part of the regular crew complement. While they're not required to attend any of the mission planning, they should attend the pre-flight briefing. As for the fini-flight, it may have been scheduled aboard another aircraft. However, the 325th was ramping down at the time of the accident (skeleton squadron only), so flights may have been few and far between, resulting in a last-minute change to marrying Wolff's fini flight with the pre-airshow dry run. Also, you'd be surprised at how quickly the word can spread for any similar event, as the Air Force is a fairly tight community. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 00:31, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
excessive precision[edit]
I just wanted to explain an edit I made, the edit summary is too short to really justify it. In this edit I changed some of the measurements in meters slightly. For instance, where it said "2,500 feet (762 m)" I changed it to "2,500 feet (760m)".
Now, 762 m is a more exact equivalent to 2,500 feet, so why did I change it to 760 m? The measurement "2,500 feet" is clearly approximate, to about two digits of precision. Whatever source that measurement came from, I doubt they actually meant "2,500 feet, and not a foot more or a foot less." More likely, it was a few feet different from that (and either they rounded it off, or their own source of information was inexact).
Saying "762 m", though, implies a value a lot more precise. One very close to 2,500 feet -- closer even than the original statement "2,500 feet" was supposed to imply. That's why I changed it to the less precise "760 m".
I didn't do this for values in other sections; those values seem to have matching precision in their metric and non-metric forms.
Kudos to Skybunny for adding these translations in the first place. -- Why Not A Duck 22:00, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Photo copyrights[edit]
Several photographs in this article are labeled "This photo was taken on a U.S. military reservation which makes the photo property of the U.S. government and thereby public domain, even if the photo was taken by a private citizen." This sounds, um, totally made-up to me. Is there any source for this theory?--Pharos 22:01, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Perhaps they are a tiny bit edited. This would make them copyrighted. --Ysangkok 22:58, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
- Me too. I'm not aware of any law making photos of U.S. miltary reservations public domain, only works of federal government employees conducted as part of their official duties. Dcoetzee 23:38, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Can we see it? Brutannica 02:06, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- Search YouTube, it's there. - PatrikR 02:15, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- The Check-six site listed in the references section also has a video of the crash. I would have tried to put a copy of the video in the Commons and linked to the article but the technical issues were beyond my abilities. CLA 02:58, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
Holland's Picture[edit]
Beautiful article! It's odd, though, that there is no picture of Holland's while those of some of the other crew members is. Still, beautiful article! 18.104.22.168 16:29, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- I'm sure that photos exist of Holland, but I haven't been able to find any. Cla68 14:13, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
Did Holland ever attempt, or intend to attempt, a roll?[edit]
I wonder, did Holland ever attempt to roll a B-52, like the famous roll of the 707 prototype? I had wondered when I first saw the video of this crash years ago whether he was attempting a roll (although it's clear when you think about it that it's just an overly steep banked turn, as described). A2Kafir 18:39, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- Holland reportedly talked about trying it, but no evidence exists that he ever actually attempted a roll. I don't think he was trying to roll the aircraft when it crashed. CLA 20:47, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- Holland? No. There was a rumor among the oldheads (Vietnam-era pilots) that someone had rolled a D model while dodging a SAM during 'Nam, but that the roll was inadvertant. The rumor had it that after a gyration or two, the pilot found himself nearly upside down and instead of trying to fight it, just went with it, instead, and recovered a few thousand feet lower. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 00:22, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
Ejection Seats?[edit]
Did this particular plane have ejection seats? I thought the later models were equipped with ejection seats in at least some of the crew positions. User:jacobst 22:58, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- To the best of my knowledge, yes - it did. The "about to crash" photo shows one of the cockpit egress hatch was opened in the milliseconds before impact. Check-Six 23:22, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- The article mentions that McGeehan tried to eject just prior to the crash, but his seat hadn't yet cleared the aircraft when the impact occurred. CLA 23:26, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
- The aircraft does have ejection seats, the pilot and copilot eject up (note the panel just off the aircraft in the crash photo) and the WSO/Navigator eject down. Not a very happy idea at low altitude.
- B-52s have six ejection seats: two forward-facing and upward-ejecting (Pilot and Co-Pilot), two rearward-facing and upward-ejecting (Electronic Warfare Officer and Gunner), and two forward-facing and downward-ejecting (Radar Navigator and Navigator). The four other crewmembers that can be carried must bail out manually. Shawn D. 12:32, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
- The aircraft does have ejection seats, the pilot and copilot eject up (note the panel just off the aircraft in the crash photo) and the WSO/Navigator eject down. Not a very happy idea at low altitude.
- The article mentions that McGeehan tried to eject just prior to the crash, but his seat hadn't yet cleared the aircraft when the impact occurred. CLA 23:26, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
I assume there's no cockpit voice recorder on B-52s[edit]
...because, if there were, the transcript of this crash would probably be public by now. A2Kafir 21:30, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
- I was wondering the same thing myself. In researching for the article I observed indicators that some people believe that there was an altercation occurring in the cockpit between McGeehan and Holland just prior to the crash. If there was a CVR that, of course, would help to confirm or deny whether this was true. CLA 01:26, 28 June 2007 (UTC)
- B-52s did not have CVRs at the time of the crash. By that wording, I am not implying that they have them now. Shawn D. 12:35, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
- Noted. The AF neither confirms nor denies whether there are CVR on their B-52 aircraft. Cla68 14:31, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
- It could be argues that given the mission type of the B-52 and the high likelyhood of craft being downed during strategic bombing campaigns, that a CVR could be considered a mission security risk. That could explain why CVRs weren't (or aren't) considered on the B-52. Frankly, it'd suck if we lost one over wherever and the CVR survives and feeds the opponent with some idle cockpit banter about "We're going to be here again next week too"... --Mfree 14:34, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
- Could perhaps be solved by encrypting a digital recording and making sure the key to decode it remains off-flight. 126.96.36.199 (talk) 14:01, 24 June 2010 (UTC)
- It could be argues that given the mission type of the B-52 and the high likelyhood of craft being downed during strategic bombing campaigns, that a CVR could be considered a mission security risk. That could explain why CVRs weren't (or aren't) considered on the B-52. Frankly, it'd suck if we lost one over wherever and the CVR survives and feeds the opponent with some idle cockpit banter about "We're going to be here again next week too"... --Mfree 14:34, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
- Noted. The AF neither confirms nor denies whether there are CVR on their B-52 aircraft. Cla68 14:31, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
- B-52s did not have CVRs at the time of the crash. By that wording, I am not implying that they have them now. Shawn D. 12:35, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
image copyright issue[edit]
An image used in the article (File:FairchildB52Crash.jpg) has been proposed for deletion on commons. See Commons:Deletion requests/File:FairchildB52Crash.jpg --rogerd 14:48, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
- This issue has been settled. The image is in the public domain.Rsduhamel (talk) 14:49, 1 January 2013 (UTC)
Accelerated Stall[edit]
The animation of the accelerated stall that has just been added is very nice, but unfortunately it's conceptually wrong. It seems to suggest that the stall speed varies depending on the sideslip angle of the aircraft, whereas the two things are unrelated.
A stall is the reduction of lift caused by the Angle of Attack of the wing exceeding the critical value for that wing, and the AoA depends on the aircraft pitch, not yaw.
Now, if you want to keep flying and you are already at the critical AoA, you'll have to maintain at least a certain speed (the stall speed), otherwise there's no way you can get enough lift to keep you airborne (not considering flaps). If the weight of the aircraft increases, so does the stall speed (since more lift is needed) and the same is true if the aircraft is manoeuvring (e.g. turning), since the effects of acceleration are substantially identical to a change in weight. A 2g coordinated turn is essentially the same as flying straight and level in a world where gravity is double the Earth's one; in both cases the stall speed will be = 1.4 times the normal stall speed achievable while flying straight and level in this world. That's what accelerated stall refers to: a stall that occurs at a speed higher than normal due to the effect of the aircraft's acceleration.
The animation, misleading as it is, is bound to be removed. It would be good to see it re-drawn correctly, because the graphics is nice. I'm happy to give some hints on how it could possibly look like.
Giuliopp 22:39, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
- I drew it, and though I understand your concern it's actually describing one type of stall (there are actually different varieties, some depending on the placement of airfoils on the aircraft itself). Technically a stall is: In aerodynamics, a sudden reduction in the lift forces generated by an airfoil. When an aircraft is moving "forward" but pointing away from the direction of motion, the airflow over the wings is not conducive to the proper generation of lift. (It's essentially the same problem caused by excessive angles of attack, there is air flowing over/under the wing just not properly because of the angle of the wing relative to airflow. Anynobody 04:14, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
:Essentially it's taking the wing in this illustration and turning it 90 degrees.
Anynobody 04:19, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
I think we should be careful not to mix-up stall with sideslip. A sideslip is not a type of stall. Stall is about Angle of Attack, and therefore pitch. Sideslip is about sideslip angle, and thus yaw. In the article about stall, yaw is hardly ever mentioned, and only as an aggravating factor for a stall (potentially resulting in a spin), not as a cause.
It is true that, in a sideslip, the air doesn't flow "properly" around the aircraft, but the main effect of that is the sharp increase in drag (due to the fuselage and fin going sideways), rather than a reduction of lift (which can occur, but not as dramatically as when during a stall). I've never heard of the term 'stall' referred to these sideslip-related effects (if you have, please quote the source), whereas I've always seen it associated with excessive pitch/AoA.
As for the picture above and the wing to be turned 90° to allegedly obtain "essentially the same problem", if I got what rotation you mean, I'm afraid that behind that assertion there is some confusion between Angle of Attack and sweepback angle of a wing. If you take the fully extended wing of an F-14 and pitch it upwards to an AoA of say 50° (i.e. well into the stall region), the resulting airflow and forces are completely different from the same wing at 0° AoA and swept back by 50° (which is a normal setting for a Tomcat).
The current animation shows purely a variation of sideslip angle, which bears some analogy with a wing being gradually swept back, but it has nothing to do with angle of attack nor stall. A meaningful animation could show for example something like this:
Assuming the turn is co-ordinated (that is purple arrow always at right angle to the wings) and the airspeed constant, then the diagram shows what happens when the turn radius decreases (= tightening the turn). More lift is needed to keep the trajectory, which can only be achieved by increasing the AoA (speed is constant and flaps are not considered here). At some point the turn will be so tight that the critical AoA is exceeded and the aircraft stalls. Note that it does so without dropping its speed, which implies that the stall speed Vs has increased while the turn radius was decreasing.
If you can take this sketch and turn it into a nice 3D animation of a B-52, adding the useful speed scale as in the present animation, I think that would definitely be a valuable contribution to the article.
Giuliopp 21:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
- I'm sorry to have to disagree with you, given the amount of effort you put into explaining this. In order to avoid a situation where we talk past each other, can we agree that the basic definition as,
- Stall
- In aerodynamics, a stall is a sudden reduction in lift forces generated by an airfoil? Anynobody 22:45, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
I agree on that definition, which is a very generic and introductory definition of stall. I also agree on the sentence that, in the WP article about stall, follows the quoted one: "This [reduction in lift] most usually occurs when the critical angle of attack for the airfoil is exceeded", which is what I have been trying to explain and what most likely happened at Fairchild AFB.
Giuliopp 13:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
- All right then we're on the same page :) I don't mean to sound like a jerk but that was exactly where I was going next, only with an emphasis on the ...most usually occurs... part. The difference between an aircraft with a sideslip attitude and a stall is how much lift the wings are generating. As the aircraft's sideslip angle increases, less area of the wing's leading edges is meeting the air directly (so instead of airflow going above and below the wing from leading to trailing edges, it is instead going toward or away from the fuselage depending on which wing is going into the wind.) At some point the wings stop producing the amount of lift necessary, no matter how fast the plane is going, and it loses altitude until the pilot can correctly orient the wings toward (instead of perpendicular to) the wind or the plane crashes. Anynobody 05:14, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
What you say about the sideslip angle increasing etc. makes some sense but, excuse me if I'm blunt, what has it got to do with accelerated stall and the Fairchild crash? From the video you can tell that the fatal 360° turn was for most of it quite coordinated (= no sideslip), then it became too tight (= critical AoA exceeded → accelerated stall), and then the B-52 went down, uncontrollably, with a visible sideslip attitude. I won't go on any further on this thread because I would end up repeating the same things I've already explained.
That animation needs a fix. I suppose I'll have to do it (I can, in 2D, when I have a minute) then you can perfect it with the 3D model, deal? - Giuliopp out.
Giuliopp 00:27, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
- Actually we're there, if you watch the video closely you'll notice that the attitude of the plane is diverging from the direction of motion until it crashes. As it does this it's in an accelerated stall, where the stall speed increases as the divergence grows. Anynobody 02:31, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
Questions about replacement[edit]
- What does the purple arrow represent?
- Why does the green arrow representing lift get bigger as the stall speed increases?
- Why does the caption mention angle of attack but the diagram does not?
As you no doubt are aware, stalls are complicated. The idea of my original diagram was to show that a stall can occur without a large increase in nose up attitude AND at speeds above the aircraft's normal stall speed. Whereas this one appears to be trying to explain every concept related to a stall. Of course weight and angle of attack need to be part of any complete definition, but we're not discussing stalls in general, we're discussing this crash. This crash had less to do with weight distribution than it did interrupted airflow (lift) due to maneuvering. If we were discussing the COD crash at around 00:20 of this video, weight would be a factor to emphasize. Anynobody 03:45, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
- - First of all, "a stall can occur without a large increase in nose up attitude": I don't know where you got this from; to my knowledge, this interpretation of the phenomenon stall is unheard of, in aerospace engineering. It could be true in transonic and supersonic flight (due to shock wave interaction), but this is clearly not the case. In our case, stall is simply caused by excessive Angle of Attack and therefore is primarily, if not exclusively associated with important changes in nose-up attitude.[1] All other factors (like sideslip angle) are secondary; they are not the cause of a stall, at most they can change its evolution (e.g. causing a the aircraft to enter a spin). If you are not convinced, ask any pilot or engineer.
- - Second, the new animation: technically speaking, it represents Newton's first law written for a rotating reference frame, which can be expressed as: the sum of all forces,including the apparent ones, acting on a body at rest,[2] must be zero (note that thrust and drag are assumed equal and opposite, and thus omitted from the diagram). The purple arrow, therefore, is the vector sum of weight and centrifugal force and must necessarily equal the only remaining force, i.e. lift. The tighter the turn, the stronger the centrifugal force, the greater the lift required to achieve equilibrium. That's why the lift increases as the turn radius decreases.[3]
- - Third, mention of Angle of Attack: the lift is proportional to air density, square of velocity, wing area and lift coefficient. All of the above quantities, except the last one, are assumed constant in our problem. The only variable is the lift coefficient and it varies when either the shape of the airfoil changes (e.g. by extending the flaps, again not considered here) or when the AoA varies. Therefore, in our problem, a change in AoA implies a change in lift, and vice-versa.
- - Fourth, the weight distribution: you are right when you say that the Fairchild crash has nothing to do with weight distribution. In fact, in our problem, the distribution of weight is out of the equation, because we have implicitly assumed that the weight is correctly distributed across the aircraft. What we consider is the weight's global effect, i.e. a single force, equal to the aircraft total weight, applied to the airplane's center of gravity (CG). In other words, we reduce the entire aircraft to a so-called material point (its CG), and we study the motion of that point, when subject to forces equivalent to all those that are distributed all over the real aircraft. In this context, weight cannot be ignored if we want to apply Newton's first law meaningfully.[4]
- Now, I feel that this thread is becoming almost like a lecture, while this is supposed to be a discussion page (and I don't claim to be a lecturer either), therefore I think I'd better stop (not considering the time it's taking me to put all this together). If I can suggest you a interesting reading, then Introduction to Flight by John D. Anderson covers all the topics we discussed and a lot more, plus it's really a pleasure to read.
- Giuliopp 22:53, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
- Notes
- ^ The only counter-example I can think of is when an aircraft is flying straight and level (i.e. constant nose-up attitude) and encounters a vertical (ascending) gust of wind; the resulting airflow, relative to the wing, will be tilted upwards, compared to the undisturbed one (i.e. AoA increases); if the gust is strong enough (and the aircraft speed low enough), the AoA will exceed its critical value, causing a stall (and so alleviating the upwards thrust of the gust, self-limiting the load factor; that's why in rough air speed should be kept below the VNO) - but we are straying off topic here; these are not the conditions of the Fairchild crash, nor of the 3D animation.
- ^ The aircraft is at rest with respect to the chosen rotating reference frame, which is the one moving with the aircraft itself.
- ^ Note that the thickness of the arrow is irrelevant; I only made it wider to emphasize the concept. What represents the intensity of a force is the length of the arrow.
- ^ Of course, the approximation used here would be inadequate to study a problem like the COD crash in the YouTube video. In that case there was indeed a problem of weight distribution, and if we want to analyze the dynamics of that flight, we cannot consider the airplane like a point anymore, but we have to consider how the various masses that make up the aircraft are distributed across its length.
Um, "a stall can occur without a large increase in nose up attitude;" this comes from the real world. Pilots are taught that a "stall" is when a wing stops flying, pure and simple. This can occur for many reasons related to bank angle, speed, attitude, etc. But to claim that "a large increase in nose up attitude" is REQUIRED for a stall, as your first point implies, simply isn't true. During straight and level flight, simply pull back your throttle and try to maintain that level attitude. It WILL require more back-stick pressure, but you don't need to increase the AoA; you WILL stall. I've done it. But you don't need to be a pilot to understand it (Full disclosure: I've only logged about 20 hours of flight-training, but this is how we were TAUGHT to stall, for recovery practice). Holland was obviously not in an extreme "nose up attitude," but he still stalled. Also, regarding the animation, a minor point: the green arrow would actually represent the lift REQUIRED to maintain flight, not the lift actually present (notably in this case). Proper pilot response is needed to keep the lift "in the green," so to speak. Quite simply, a wing at a right-angle to gravity will provide virtually NO vertical lift component. That was Czar 52's fatal mistake. I don't mean to lecture either. :) Your post is otherwise VERY informative. Cheers. Jororo05 (talk) 21:16, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
WSF and its relation to the flight path?[edit]
I would be interested to know the actual flight path of the plane, and its relation to the reported weapon storage facility (WSF). I haven't been able to find this information anywhere, but here is a satellite image from Mapquest [image deleted due to improper copyright] with my notes about locations of landmarks from a video of the crash (runway, control tower, water towers and buildings). Also indicated is my best guess at the location of the WSF (the fenced area south of the runway). Does anyone have a reference which would give some of this information? Boardhead (talk) 17:01, 1 January 2008 (UTC)
As far as I know, there isn't a reliable source that shows the exact flight path of the aircraft. If you watch the video of the crash sequence, you can more or less guess the flight path from above, and then draw a line on this photo and place it in the article, as long as the copyright status is clear, which right now it isn't. Cla68 (talk) 01:05, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- Thanks. My main question is the location of the WSF. I can draw the flight path fairly accurately on a map, but I don't know for sure where the WSF is. Also, maybe I'll switch to a Google Earth image because I understand their copyright better. Boardhead (talk) 14:24, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- 250px|thumb|right Here are two screenshots showing the flight path from above, and from the point of view of the camera that took this video [perspective image deleted by bot - 2008-02-17]. The images display a Google Earth KML file where I have calculated the approximate flight path based on landmarks and flying time at the airspeeds specified in the article. (To view the KML file, download and open with Google Earth) Boardhead (talk) 18:01, 2 January 2008 (UTC) -- Edit: Updated to current version of KML file and resolved image licensing issue. Boardhead (talk) 18:43, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
- Is your question really "Where is the WSF?" or "Where did the impact actually occur?" I won't answer the former, but the answer to the latter is: between the leftmost two buildings in your orange-shaded area and S. Arizona Avenue. EDIT -- I was editing while you were posting your flight path estimate. Your pin location doesn't continue the path far enough. Shawn D. (talk) 18:03, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- Thanks for your comments Shawn. Knowing exactly where the plane crashed would be good. I understand if you don't want to specify the location of the WSF, but if there was an airspace restriction in effect, this certainly could have had an impact on the flight path and be a contributing factor to the crash. I find it hard to reconcile the crash location you gave with the satellite images and the photos/videos from the event. Boardhead (talk) 18:15, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- You're welcome. Using Google Maps, I estimate the coordinates to be N47.6105 W117.6505. Also note that the description of the crash says the aircraft made it about 3/4 of a turn, whereas your drawing shows about 2/3 of a turn. Sorry if that still seems hard to reconcile, but you don't know the exact filming locations. Shawn D. (talk) 18:33, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- Shawn, thanks for these coordinates. I had thought you had indicated a location approximately 300m further along to the north east. The coordinates are outside the shaded yellow area, and consistent with my estimates. The "Crash" pin on my map is the estimated location for the first contact of the left wing with a set of hydro lines. The crash debris would of course be further along, with the tip of the right wing contacting almost 2 seconds later (approx 150 meters at 145 knots). The location you gave is 180 meters further along the path, which makes sense if you are talking about the debris field. Boardhead (talk) 18:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- In hindsight, my question about the WSF was not the appropriate thing to ask. Instead, I should have asked about the location of any airspace restrictions. Perhaps this is a question that can be answered. Boardhead (talk) 19:12, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
- The USAF survival school is also in that area somewhere. Was it located in the same compound as the suspected WSF or was it in an adjacent area? Cla68 (talk) 03:24, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
- The school was, and is, in an adjacent area. You wouldn't do unrelated training in a WSF due to the danger to students and due to the need to keep the weapons segregated & secure (the whole point of WSFs). Shawn D. (talk) 13:43, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
- Another question, is that strip of white concrete above the suspected WSF a taxiway? Did the aircraft crash below, on, or above this taxiway as it is shown in the picture? Cla68 (talk) 00:19, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
- That is not a taxiway, but a long-ago-decommissioned runway. Zoom out on a satellite view and you can see it and other decommissioned runways and taxiways. If you take note of the coordinates I provided above, you can see that the aircraft did not crash on, north of, or very near this decommissioned runway. Shawn D. (talk) 13:45, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
- Actually, in the video you can see the aircraft slice through some power lines just before impacting the ground. If the power lines and support poles could be identified from the sattellite photo, that might provide better evidence of the aircraft's flight path. Cla68 (talk) 00:21, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
- I think I have identified the hydro lines from the satellite photo, and they are marked in the KML file I posted. They are very near what appears to be a hydro substation just to the south of the crash site. Boardhead (talk) 19:55, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
- Ah. I just found this reference, and now see the reason for Cla68's questions. The flight path indicated by this reference is not accurate (the turn-around is wrong by about 2km, and the crash location is off by about 800m). I was very careful in drawing my flight path, and it should be accurate to within 100 meters horizontally and 25 meters vertically with 90% confidence. Boardhead (talk) 16:15, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
- Another question, is that strip of white concrete above the suspected WSF a taxiway? Did the aircraft crash below, on, or above this taxiway as it is shown in the picture? Cla68 (talk) 00:19, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
- The school was, and is, in an adjacent area. You wouldn't do unrelated training in a WSF due to the danger to students and due to the need to keep the weapons segregated & secure (the whole point of WSFs). Shawn D. (talk) 13:43, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
- The USAF survival school is also in that area somewhere. Was it located in the same compound as the suspected WSF or was it in an adjacent area? Cla68 (talk) 03:24, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
If people think an image and/or description of the flight path would be useful, we should find a way to add this to the main article. Boardhead (talk) 18:43, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
- Thank you for the images. I'm going to try to place one or both in the article. Cla68 (talk) 08:07, 22 January 2008 (UTC)
Article and talk page errors[edit]
I am confused by two examples of a similar sentence construction in the article, one stating, "The accident investigation concluded that the chain of events leading to the crash was primarily attributable to Holland's personality and behavior, USAF leaders' delayed reactions to the event, and the sequence of events during the mishap flight of the aircraft," and the other very similarly stating, "The accident investigation concluded that the chain of events leading to the crash was primarily attributable to Holland's personality and behavior, USAF leaders' slow reaction to the accident, and the sequence of events during the final flight of the aircraft." The phrases in bold seem to be attributing the accident itself in part to things that happened after the accident (which would be impossible; an effect cannot precede a cause). The text of the article, though, shows that the USAF leaders' reaction was to repeated violations of flight safety rules as evidenced by both direct observation by those leaders and by reports from crew members who flew with Holland. It would seem that the more accurate phrase to use would be something like, "USAF leaders' slow response to the evidence and reports of that behavior" or something to that effect.
I tend to be cautious when editing a Wikipedia article with such a substantial possible error, so I am posting this here in the talk page in hopes that possibly the original author or an editor with some experience can examine the issue. 184.108.40.206 (talk) 21:26, 2 July 2010 (UTC)
The mention of a flight plan that included bank angles of 60 degrees contradicts the statement in the section "Holland's Behavior." There the article says he had been cited for bank angles of more than 45 degrees. Those high bank angles exceeded the design limits of the airplane.
- I don't see this as an inconsistency in the article. I believe this is an inconsistency in the enforcement of flight profile restrictions. Bank angles were officially restricted to 45 degrees, however Lt. Holland did brief a flight profile exceeding these restrictions for the 1994 air show. [1] The fact that the restrictions weren't enforced is is evidence of the breakdown in the chain of command. Boardhead (talk) 16:30, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
I didn't find a mention that crews had refused to fly with him. Did I miss that?
L K Tucker220.127.116.11 (talk) 22:48, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
- There is a paragraph that begins "After that mission, the crew decided that they would never again fly with Holland". Boardhead (talk) 16:30, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
- There's that. However, roughly half our squadron refused to fly with him. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 00:17, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
View spike[edit]
Looking at the view history for this article at Wikipedia article traffic statistics, I noticed that there was a huge spike in views of this article around Feb 3 and 4. Anyone know why so many people came to look at this article that particular day? Cla68 (talk) 08:14, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
- I did a quick forum search and didn't find any active articles around that time, but we can't just assume it was people who caused this spike. I have had some pretty outrageous spikes on my web server due to either errant bots or hacker attacks, although typically they are much larger when this happens (1000's of hits per hour, not per day). Boardhead (talk) 14:24, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
Wrong person in the wrong plane?[edit]
The article fails to explain Bud Hollands background. How did a personality like him end up in a mud-mover B-52, rather than a fighter plane? This kind of aerobatic attitude is more commonly found and tolerated in fighter jocks. 18.104.22.168 (talk) 20:09, 20 April 2008 (UTC)
- Unfortunately, I didn't find any sources that gave any better background of Holland's life than the sources used, and they only went into his personality and life in how they related directly to the crash. Was he a frustrated fighter-pilot wannabe? His life might make an interesting story if a journalist were to look into it and write it up. Cla68 (talk) 02:16, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
- The reason could simply be the way slots/billets were awarded to his graduating pilot class, which could be based on class ranking, the USAF's needs at the time of graduation, and graduate choice. One does not get a fighter slot simply due to a "fighter mentality." For example, if there were ten graduates and two fighter, two transport, two tanker, and four bomber slots to be awarded, 80% of the slots would be non-fighter slots. If the top two graduates both selected fighters as their first choice, the #3 graduate would not get a fighter, even if he/she had the "fighter mentality." Shawn D. (talk) 13:17, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
- Yes, that's how it works, from what I've heard. From what I understand, the top graduates usually, but not always, select fighters. Bomber slots are next in demand, followed by airlift aircraft and helicopters. I guess Predator slots are in there somewhere now. Anyway, how Holland ended up with a bomber slot, and if he actually wanted to be a fighter pilot, is not detailed in the sources that I found and used. Cla68 (talk) 00:54, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
- The reason could simply be the way slots/billets were awarded to his graduating pilot class, which could be based on class ranking, the USAF's needs at the time of graduation, and graduate choice. One does not get a fighter slot simply due to a "fighter mentality." For example, if there were ten graduates and two fighter, two transport, two tanker, and four bomber slots to be awarded, 80% of the slots would be non-fighter slots. If the top two graduates both selected fighters as their first choice, the #3 graduate would not get a fighter, even if he/she had the "fighter mentality." Shawn D. (talk) 13:17, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
Video about the accident in youtube[edit]
Just thought you guys should know...
Cernex (talk) 23:39, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
Errant Conclusion[edit]
I'm a former member of the 325th Bomb Squadron, and flew with Holland, McGeehan, and Huston several times, and was there during the accident. While I can't mention specifics, I commend the authors of this article, as it's one of the best, most concise reports on the accident I've yet seen.
The last comment in the Conclusion section, however, is in error. It mentions: "The final factor was the 10-knot (19 km/h) tailwind that pushed the steeply banked aircraft into the accelerated stall, resulting in the crash."
The idea of tailwinds pushing aircraft into stalls disappeared in World War I, and can most commonly be found among top ten lists of "don'ts," which includes not hedgehopping and not turning downwind. Ostensibly, the latter can lead to a stall. This is a myth. Turning underpowered, WWI aircraft at any altitude can lead to a stall, as drag is proportional to wing loading, and wing loading during a turn is significantly higher than in straight and level flight. For the underpowered WWI aircraft, it was often sufficient to overcome the full thrust available from the engine, and at low altitude, with no altitude left to recover, often resulted in a stall. It was the turning that stalled the aircraft in WWI, not turning downwind.
While I admire Diehl's other points, this one just isn't so.
Finally, an airplane in flight moves along with the mass of air through which it's flying. It does not matter if it's a tailwind or headwind, or 10 kts or 50 kts. The effect of an airplane moving through a moving mass of air is the same as if the air mass wasn't moving at all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk) 00:15, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
Myth removed from article.
- I've said this before, the statement that the tailwind helped push the aircraft into the accelerated stall comes directly from the USAF's publicly released accident report, a copy of which I used as a reference when writing this article. It doesn't give me a whole lot of heartburn not to have that statement in the article, but to have the Air Force make special note of it in their investigative conclusions and then ignore it for this article doesn't make complete sense to me. Cla68 (talk) 09:02, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
- The fact that the tailwind issue is discussed in a reputable source, by itself warrants its mention in the article; that's how Wikipedia works. If somebody believes that the source is factually wrong, he should quote an equally reputable and verifiable source that says so.
- As for the question itself, the tailwind factor described in the USAF report makes engineering sense to me, although the wording is maybe questionable. User 184.108.40.206 says that "aircraft flying through a moving air mass are unaffected by head/tail winds except for their velocity over the ground", but that is precisely the point: the pilot was attempting a 360° around a fixed object, i.e. he was flying using the ground as reference, not the air mass.
- If we consider a pilot who wants to perform a 360° around the tower, with wind calm, he only has to bank the wings, establish a co-ordinated turn and then keep all the parameters constants (bank angle, airspeed, altitude, throttle etc.) The result will be a perfectly circular trajectory, centered on the tower.
- Now, let's consider the same pilot flying along the same path as above, but with wind blowing. In this case the maneuver will not be as easy as before, because all the flight parameters will need to be continuously adjusted, to compensate for the changing relative direction of the wind (as seen by the aircraft turning around the tower), while keeping a safe margin from stall. That's how the wind (or tailwind) comes to play.
- I agree that "the wind pushing the aircraft into a stall" is not an accurate expression, in order to describe the effect of the wind, but the effect itself is not negligible.
Giuliopp (talk) 10:18, 15 July 2008 (UTC)
- The fact that the tailwind issue is discussed in a reputable source, by itself warrants its mention in the article; that's how Wikipedia works. If somebody believes that the source is factually wrong, he should quote an equally reputable and verifiable source that says so.
- Upon reading the quoted USAF report ("Tailwind issue", above), I see that indeed the explanation of the wind as a factor is rather inaccurate, at best; in particular its comparison with a "decreasing performance windshear". A windshear is totally the opposite to a wind that is "fairly constant in velocity", as the report itself says. The wind "turned" from headwind to tailwind only because the aircraft was turning, as User 220.127.116.11 correctly says, but that would not affect the aircraft performance per se. In conclusion, I would mention the wind as a contributing factor (and I agree that it was), but avoiding the explanation in the terms contained in the report. I've reworded the sentence to something more generic but not less correct.
- Giuliopp (talk) 00:32, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
- Upon reading the quoted USAF report ("Tailwind issue", above), I see that indeed the explanation of the wind as a factor is rather inaccurate, at best; in particular its comparison with a "decreasing performance windshear". A windshear is totally the opposite to a wind that is "fairly constant in velocity", as the report itself says. The wind "turned" from headwind to tailwind only because the aircraft was turning, as User 220.127.116.11 correctly says, but that would not affect the aircraft performance per se. In conclusion, I would mention the wind as a contributing factor (and I agree that it was), but avoiding the explanation in the terms contained in the report. I've reworded the sentence to something more generic but not less correct.
- If you want to know why not to turn downwind and try and get back to the airfield after engine failure on take-off watch this: [2] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 18:46, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
- The cause of the Fairchild B-52 accident is fairly apparent when watching the various videos on YouTube - the pilot allowed the airspeed to decay beyond a safe level as he entered the final turn, and in addition he then tightened the turn to the point that as the aircraft entered a downwind direction the aeroplane, already flying very near the stall through the turn, stalled and the nose dropped. One of the difficulties when displaying an aeroplane (the flight was a practice for an air display) at low levels is that because one is so near to the ground one's attention is concentrated outside the cockpit, such that, in the absence of a HUD, it becomes very difficult to make any sort of constant reference to the air speed indicator. This may have lead to the pilot inadvertently allowing the airspeed to decay far more than he had realised when he entered the final turn.
- BTW, if you are flying at or very near the stall when heading into the wind, it is almost certain that the aircraft will stall immediately upon turning 180 degrees downwind - that is what happened in the Tiger Moth crash linked above. That is why you don't ever immediately turn back for the airfield when the engine fails on takeoff - you're then turning downwind and, with the aeroplane already at a low airspeed due to being in the climb, the aeroplane stalls because it can't accelerate in relation to the air mass now moving from the opposite relative direction to the aircraft, quickly enough - just like in the Tiger Moth video. Same with a B-52 at or near the stall. Airspeed = Vs + 10kt, equals flying, Airspeed = Vs - 10kt, equals not-flying. A 10kt head- or tail- wind will make that much difference, and it's airspeed that keeps you up, not ground speed.
- FWIW, having watched the various videos of the B-52 accident and of the accident pilot's preceding flights, I can't say that the pilot's flying seemed particularly reckless or unsafe on that particular day, considering he was preparing for a flying display. He just appears to have misjudged it on that last turn and, unfortunately, his and his crew's luck ran out, something that just as easily might have happened to anyone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 16:18, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
- WRT your last paragraph, this particular pilot flew outside authorized flight parameters on both this flight and MANY others. He did so knowingly and intentionally. He just thought he was "that good". This was NOT a matter of "luck running out." It was a matter of continued reckless behavior. Buffs (talk) 21:59, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
- You may be right - "There are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are very few old, bold, pilots".
- ... and that's usually because their luck eventually runs out too - it's case of trying something unwise once too-often.
- I wouldn't disagree with your post (and you may well be correct) other than to point out that even with his previous record of dangerous flying, on this occasion he didn't seem to be doing anything outrageous with the aircraft considering it was a rehearsal for a flying display, where aircraft are usually demonstrated more closely to their limits. One would expect a display pilot to 'put on a good show' for the audience. Watching the final events leading to the unfortunate crash, the display seemed pretty good at demonstrating the capabilities of the aeroplane, and the pilot only seemed to get into trouble on that last tight turn around the control tower. Now, the pilot could have slackened-off his turn slightly earlier and the accident would possibly been avoided. However, for whatever reason, he didn't and it crashed. Luck, see. That's what air accidents often boil down to. There will be various contributing other factors, but often it's because someone, somewhere, did the wrong thing. At some point the Captain decided to keep pulling on the yoke to tighten the turn. At another time in similar circumstances he may well have chosen not to. It may be a matter of good or bad judgement by the pilot, but it's often down to the luck of the pilot choosing, in what may be suddenly serious and dangerous situations, the correct action or not. When he suddenly realises he has chosen the wrong one, the pilot gets one of those 'Oh Shit!' moments, when he realises that he has done something silly and has very little time to recover, if he can at all. Tragically, I suspect this was one of those moments. On any other day with perhaps the wind blowing from a different direction, or at a different speed, he would probably have gotten away with.
- And as for luck, there are plenty of pilots flying today, often with careers stretching back over many years, only doing so due to 'good luck' at some time that kept them alive, whether recognised at the time or not. Some others haven't been so fortunate. Luck is, in effect, the randomness that occurs when imperfect complicated machines and systems, including the good old 'Human Being Mark I', interact with one another. A vital airframe/engine component may fail on the ground with no danger to anyone as long as it's detected and replaced or repaired before flying. Or it may fail in the air, causing an accident. But the time of the failure may be random - hence 'luck' - good, or bad. The pilot of the accident B-52 may have been giving an unwise display of the aircraft, but to a large extent, it was the 'luck' that made him do one thing (tighten the turn) and not the other. The other random element in the accident was the wind, which if it had been blowing in a slightly different direction, or different speed, may have been sufficient to have kept the aeroplane just above the stall, and it wouldn't have crashed. Or if it have been blowing at a different speed and from a different direction, to have caused the aircraft to have crashed earlier - the airspeed only needs to drop momentarily below the stall speed and one wing will drop and with the wing dropping and insufficient airflow over the wing there is no way to re-raise it, and then you're heading into an incipient spin. That's where the 'luck' element comes in. And when flying an aeroplane to the limits as one tends to do in an air display, luck can easily come into the equation if one's not very careful. The accident Captain may well for all I know have gone on to have similar accident later on in his career if this one had been avoided, but he was unlucky this time.
- But 'good luck' and 'bad luck' (i.e. the randomness factor) will always play a role in air (and most other) accidents - whether acknowledged or not. There may be several contributory factors in an accident, but often it's the good or bad luck that seals the fate of the aircraft/crew. Doing something in the air a second too early, or a second too late can result in all sorts of tears and broken hearts. And these sort of things can be very difficult for the pilot to judge when the aircraft is being flown 'on the limit' such as at an air display.—Preceding unsigned comment added by 22.214.171.124 (talk) 00:36, 31 May 2012
- You seem to have no idea how single-ship airshows are planned. Maneuvers are extensively planned by the crews flying them and approved by leadership. The planning phase should include margins for error, variations in wind, air pressure, fuel consumption rates, variation in aircraft weight, etc. These designs were approved by leadership...and then this reckless flyer made an intentional decision to deviate from the plan and just do whatever he wanted (just like he'd done in the past). Airshow demonstrations may appear to be on a knife edge, but they are planned with error in mind. His actions were unplanned and didn't account for ANY human error or variations. This was NOT the profile that was approved. The angle of bank was 40+ degrees past what is allowed in level flight (except under VERY specific circumstances and certainly NOT in a level turn). That flight was not performed at the approved limits (what is approved for airshows). It was performed PAST what even the designed limits could attain and was WAY outside what was allowed.
- Again, this was not a moment of bad luck, but a pattern of reckless behavior that was repeated over and over. The pilot had actually accomplished this maneuver less than a year earlier and BARELY pulled it out and was not even reprimanded. It's what the safety board concluded. It's what the accident board concluded. It's why members in leadership were fired not-so-ceremoniously. Buffs (talk) 04:17, 31 May 2012 (UTC)
Proposal to remove date-autoformatting[edit]
Dear fellow contributors
MOSNUM no longer encourages date autoformatting, having evolved over the past year or so from the mandatory to the optional after much discussion there and elsewhere of the disadvantages of the system. Related to this, MOSNUM prescribes rules for the raw formatting, irrespective of whether a date is autoformatted or not). MOSLINK and CONTEXT are consistent with this.
There are at least six disadvantages in using date-autoformatting, which I've capped here:
- (1) In-house only
- (a) It works only for the WP "elite".
- (b) To our readers out there, it displays all-too-common inconsistencies in raw formatting in bright-blue underlined text, yet conceals them from WPians who are logged in and have chosen preferences.
- (c) It causes visitors to query why dates are bright-blue and underlined.
- (2) Avoids what are merely trivial differences
- (a) It is trivial whether the order is day–month or month–day. It is more trivial than color/colour and realise/realize, yet our consistency-within-article policy on spelling (WP:ENGVAR) has worked very well. English-speakers readily recognise both date formats; all dates after our signatures are international, and no one objects.
- (3) Colour-clutter: the bright-blue underlining of all dates
- (a) It dilutes the impact of high-value links.
- (b) It makes the text slightly harder to read.
- (c) It doesn't improve the appearance of the page.
- (4) Typos and misunderstood coding
- (a) There's a disappointing error-rate in keying in the auto-function; not bracketing the year, and enclosing the whole date in one set of brackets, are examples.
- (b) Once autoformatting is removed, mixtures of US and international formats are revealed in display mode, where they are much easier for WPians to pick up than in edit mode; so is the use of the wrong format in country-related articles.
- (c) Many WPians don't understand date-autoformatting—in particular, how if differs from ordinary linking; often it's applied simply because it's part of the furniture.
- (5) Edit-mode clutter
- (a) It's more work to enter an autoformatted date, and it doesn't make the edit-mode text any easier to read for subsequent editors.
- (6) Limited application
- (a) It's incompatible with date ranges ("January 3–9, 1998", or "3–9 January 1998", and "February–April 2006") and slashed dates ("the night of May 21/22", or "... 21/22 May").
- (b) By policy, we avoid date autoformatting in such places as quotations; the removal of autoformatting avoids this inconsistency.
Removal has generally been met with positive responses by editors. Does anyone object if I remove it from the main text in a few days on a trial basis? The original input formatting would be seen by all WPians, not just the huge number of visitors; it would be plain, unobtrusive text, which would give greater prominence to the high-value links. Tony (talk) 08:55, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
Dead link[edit]
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!
- http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6898
- In 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash on 2011-05-25 06:09:20, 404 Not Found
- In 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash on 2011-06-08 02:26:00, 404 Not Found
--JeffGBot (talk) 02:26, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
Dead link 2[edit]
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!
- http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5566
- In 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash on 2011-05-25 06:09:20, 404 Not Found
- In 1994 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crash on 2011-06-08 02:26:10, 404 Not Found
--JeffGBot (talk) 02:26, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
Meg Holland[edit]
Is it worth mentioning that Meg Holland, Lt. Col Holland's daughter, has become a massive posthumous advocate/apologist for Holland? She's a truly driven individual, and has posted literally thousands of times in various Internet fora arguing that he was "completely innocent" and "the victim of a political witch-hunt". She curses people who condemn him, demands his "name be cleared", issues dire pronouncements/quasi-legal threats about "people who slander the dead" and has, according to several USAF sources, attempted to use Lt.Col Holland's not insubstantial remaining human assets (i.e- friends) in the USAF to "ruin the careers" (not my quote) of several active duty USAF officers and pilots who have spoken out against him, particularly those on the incident investigation board. I've witnessed one of these, and read reports of many others.
I'm actually fairly shocked to not find her name here on the talk page, as she has basically dedicated years of her life to canvassing internet forums dedicated to USAF accidents, air crashes, or piloting in general. The term "driven individual" is a kindness; obsessed might be a better term. I'd imagine she's probably editing under either an IP address or a WP:COI username. I can't imagine a fire that burns that hot is likely to give up easily. Vintovka Dragunova (talk) 21:05, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
- When I was researching this article, I found and read some of her internet posts. So far, no one has attempted to take serious issue with the conclusions stated in this article besides the turning flight stall and the tailwind. If her campaign on behalf of her father is ever documented in a reliable secondary source, such as a newspaper or magazine, it could be mentioned in this article. Cla68 (talk) 04:34, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
At 07:30 local time, the B-52 bomber crew prepared to practice the demonstration flight. And the B-52 took off at 13:58.
Why the mention of the practice run? Did anything significant happen through the rest of the morning? Valetude (talk) 17:49, 9 August 2017 (UTC)
- Wikipedia featured articles
- Featured articles that have appeared on the main page
- Featured articles that have appeared on the main page once
- Selected anniversaries (June 2008)
- Selected anniversaries (June 2009)
- Selected anniversaries (June 2010)
- Selected anniversaries (June 2013)
- Selected anniversaries (June 2014)
- FA-Class Disaster management articles
- Mid-importance Disaster management articles
- FA-Class aviation articles
- Successful requests for aviation A-Class status
- Old requests for aviation peer review
- FA-Class Aviation accident articles
- Aviation accident task force articles
- WikiProject Aviation articles
- Successful requests for military history A-Class review
- Military history articles used on portals
- FA-Class military aviation articles
- Military aviation task force articles
- FA-Class North American military history articles
- North American military history task force articles
- FA-Class United States military history articles
- United States military history task force articles
- FA-Class military history articles
- FA-Class United States articles
- FA-Class United States articles of Low-importance
- Low-importance United States articles
- FA-Class United States Government articles
- Low-importance United States Government articles
- WikiProject United States Government articles
- United States articles used on portals
- WikiProject United States articles


text:
Please remember to follow the manual of style and code of conduct at all times.
Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in the Bulbagarden Discord server.
Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in the Bulbagarden Discord server.
From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
| The Treasure Is All Mine!
First broadcast
English themes
Japanese themes
The Treasure Is All Mine! (Japanese: 危険がいっぱい!コジロウの宝箱!! Full of Danger! Kojirō's Treasure Chest!!) is the 153rd episode of the Diamond & Pearl series, and the 619th episode of the Pokémon anime. It aired in Japan on November 26, 2009 and in the United States on April 17, 2010.
|Spoiler warning: this article may contain major plot or ending details.
Template:Incomplete synopsis While on their way to Daybreak City for the next Pokémon Contest, Ash and Dawn decide to have a practice battle. That's when Ash's Monferno accidentally digs into a buried treasure chest. However its contents prove surprising to James as he is forced to face his privileged past, his faithful childhood companion and his fiancée!
Major events
Pokémon debuts
- Ash
- Dawn
- Brock
- Jessie
- James
- Jessiebelle
- Sebastian
- Jessiebelle's bodyguards
- James's parents (flashback)
- Party guests (flashback)
- Pikachu (Ash's)
- Meowth (Team Rocket)
- Piplup (Dawn's)
- Mime Jr. (James's)
- Monferno (Ash's)
- Growlithe (James's)
- Vileplume (Jessiebelle's)
- Spinarak (Sebastian's)
- Professor Oak's Pokémon lecture: Snorunt
- This episode marks one of the very few times when Team Rocket wants to be blasted off.
- This is Growlie's first appearance since its debut. The same can be said about James's parents, though they only appear in flashback.
- There were 571 episodes between Jessiebelle's first appearance and this one, which to this date is the longest time between a particular human character's first and second physical appearances within the show (while she did appear in Two Degrees of Separation!, it was only in one of James's flashbacks).
- Music from Lucario and the Mystery of Mew, Pokemon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea, and The Rise of Darkrai is used in this episode.
- The English title of this episode is a reference to, "the pleasure is all mine".
- In the dub, Jessiebelle ended the episode saying the same line she ended with in Holy Matrimony, "You're not running properly!"
- Jessiebelle commanded her Vileplume to use Solarbeam which wouldn't go off as she was in a dark passageway, cut off from the sun.
Dub edits
|This anime-related article is a stub. You can help Bulbapedia by expanding it.
|This episode article is part of Project Anime, a Bulbapedia project that covers all aspects of the Pokémon anime.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stryker Sonoma Winery
Contact Information
- Address
- 5110 Highway 128
Geyserville, CA 95441
- Phone
- Phone
- Web
- www.StrykerSonoma.com
- Wine Tasting
- Tasting offered: Yes
- Mon-Sun: 10:30am - 5:00pm
- Estate Tour & Tasting- $40.00 Seated Tasting- $25.00
Winery Photos
Be the first to upload a photo!
ActionsReview Winery
Upload Photo
E-mail Winery
Map Near Stryker Sonoma Winery
Directions to Stryker Sonoma Winery
Winery Journal
Wine: Winery: Ambiance: Mar 09, 2012
Though the offerings were limited, what was available more than adequately added to the charm of this vineyard setting. Be aware that quite a few of the offerings are for Club members only (diddly). We were treated to their 2004 Petit Verdot recently that absolutely knocked our socks off. Though I have a couple Virginia Petit Verdot favorites, this example takes the prize. Nice Russian River Zinfandel that needs to breathe an exceptional long time before consuming.
Add to the Winery Journal
Write a review today! Register now (free) or login to share your tasting experiences!
Wineries / Vineyards Near Stryker Sonoma Winery
Jax Vineyards - Calistoga, CA - 0.3 miles
Bennett Lane Winery - Calistoga, CA - 0.5 miles
Atalon Winery - Calistoga, CA - 0.8 miles
Tom Eddy Wines - Calistoga, CA - 1.0 miles
View more California Wineries
View more American Wineries
This winery information last updated: Feb 3, 2015


text: Author has written 3 stories for Dragon Ball Z, and Sailor Moon.Ok I am a 20 year old with a passion for anime of any kind. If I EVER finish my other stories Ill post them here ^_^ I only post completed works cause unfished and abandoned stories drive me bonkers! ^_^


text:
Download FOIL Method Solver (FREE) apk 1.01 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Animated Oak Entertainment Ltd in Education | Nov. 18, 2014 | 4 Comments
Apk file size: 1.4 MB
FOIL Method Solver teaches how to use the FOIL method of multiplying two binomials. Just enter a product of two binomials and press the button to view the FOIL process step-by-step! It's a great tool for speeding up your FOIL homework and learning at the same time.
FOIL is an acronym for the four terms of the product:
First ("first" terms of each binomial are multiplied together)
Outer ("outside" terms are multiplied)
Inner ("inside" terms are multiplied)
Last ("last" terms of each binomial are multiplied)
The FOIL method is a special case of a more general method for multiplying algebraic expressions using the distributive law. This app will only work in this special case.
Read more about the FOIL method here:
This version is FREE and shows advertisements.
Animated Oak Entertainment Ltd part of our Education and have average installs from 1000 to 5000. Last Update Nov. 18, 2014. Google play rating is 82.5532. Current verison is 1.01. Actual size 1.4 MB.
Similar applications
4 Comments
Carrie Higley
Awesome! I am ALWAYS using this for my homework in pre-algebra. Really helped me get an A. Thanks! :)
Tyrese Anderson
But maybe if you... Made it so we can type what we want to put in to solve that would be a 4 star rating for me.
alfred carmelo
Love it Thank you for making this app it really helped me alot
Krisneltan Caag
Super awesome


text:
5th Annual "A Day at the Races"
Join us for our 5th Annual "A Day at the Races" being held on Sunday, March 27th at Santa Anita Park. It is an afternoon of food, fun & fast horses and you get to watch all the action from the Clubhouse Terrace which is reserved just for us!
As an extra bonus to an already great day, on the infield there will be a car show with street rods, classics, customs and Corvettes.
Tickets are $50.00 per person and that includes a lunch buffet, park admission, valet parking and a program. Gates open at 10:30 a.m. and the first race is at 12:30 p.m.
To receive tickets & parking passes in the mail, payment must be received by March 18th. Tickets for reservations received after March 18th will be at Will Call and will not inlcude a parking pass.


text:
What does IWG stand for?
IWG stands for Information Windowing Group
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Information technology (IT) and computers
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of IWG
Other Resources:
We have 96 other meanings of IWG in our Acronym Attic
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
- « Previous
- Next »
- Iterative Wave Function Reconstruction
- Immigrant Workers Freedom Ride Coalition (Washington, DC)
- Integrated Waste Fluids System
- International Wine & Food Society
- Idiots with Guns
- Implementation Working Group
- Inches of Water Gauge (volume-flow rate)
- Independent Working Group (various organizations)
- Industrial Waste Group (Exton, PA; est. 1998)
- Informal Working Group


text:
Home Lighting Design & Installation
Lighting is an important part of everyday life and can have a significant impact on a person's mood as well as impact the design, functionality and ambience of your home. Home lighting standards and technologies have drastically changed over the past decade, and never before has hiring the right professional electrician been so important.
Gorge Electrical is here to help you design the perfect getaway, with lighting designed to make you comfortable and inspired!
We Can Help With:
- Can Lights
- Track Lighting
- Fluorescent Lighting
- Outdoor Lighting
- Landscape Lighting
- Motion Sensor Lighting
- Ceiling Fan Lighting
- Under Cabinet Lighting
- Chandeliers
- Any Other Type of Lighting Fixtures


text:
- (LRG) the stereotypical [1] (at least from the speaker's perspective)
- (BPFK) If selbri S is turned by le'e into sumti X, and if sumti X is itself an argument of bridi B, then the referents of X which the speaker has in mind would also typically/usually satisfy the predication signified by bridi B. [2]
Usage notes[edit]
- The elidable terminator for a phrase begun with le'e is ku.
- For this word, there probably is not much practical difference between the LRG and the BPFK definitions.


text:
The yen rose against the dollar and the euro, after representatives of the G-7 said that the report on the exchange rate was misunderstood, so you should consider this situation as a sign of concern about the excessive changes in the value of Asian currencies. G-7 also noted that the concerned single solenoid yen. Meanwhile, it was announced that the matter would be discussed at a meeting of G-20, which will be held this weekend. At the same time, the G-7 promised to avoid devaluation of the exchange rate in the pursuit of economic growth.
The pound fell to a six-month low against the dollar at a time when many market participants expect lowering growth forecast by the Bank of England tomorrow. Sterling also fell against most other major currencies, as the message of slowing growth, which is likely to be announced tomorrow's quarterly report may indicate that interest rates will remain at record low levels.
The Swiss franc was little changed against the euro, even after the Swiss National Bank has said it will continue to hold the franc against the euro at CHF1, 20, and, if necessary, will be ready to take additional measures.
The Canadian dollar was higher against the U.S. dollar, departing from the values for this month, after Chinese Cnooc Ltd was authorized to purchase U.S. assets Nexen Inc, breaking the recent regulatory hurdles, completing the deal on acquisition of Canadian oil producer for $ 15.1 billion Note that the growth rates continued even despite the fact that the head of the Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney said that the need to raise interest rates now less imminent than previously thought.
Dow 14,032.62 +61.38 +0.44% Nasdaq 3,190.22 -1.79 -0.06% S&P 500 1,520.62 +3.61 +0.24%
|remaining time till the new event being published
Market Focus
All posted material is a marketing communication solely for informational purposes and reliance on this may lead to loss. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. Please read our full disclaimer.


text:
Words containing eselo
Found 4 words containing eselo. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain eselo. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that end in eselo
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
- WordHub
- Crossword


text:
High Court To Weigh Privacy Act Emotional Damages Case
The Privacy Act forbids federal agencies from sharing information about individuals without express consent. This case stems from Operation Safe Pilot, a joint investigation launched in 2002 by the SSA and FAA to suss out potential medical fraud by pilots. The...
To view the full article, register now.
Try Law360 FREE for seven days
Already a subscriber? Click here to login


text:
GMAT Essay Topic 520 - The following appeared in a memorandum from the business office of the Lovin' Cupful, a national restaurant chain. "The Lovin' Cupful franchises in our northeast region have begun serving customers AlmosT, a brand new powdered instant tea, in place of brewed tea. Waiters report that only about 2 percent of the customers have complained, and that customers who want refills typically ask for ?more tea.' It appears, then, that 98 percent of the customers are perfectly happy with the switch, or else they cannot tell powdered instant from brewed tea. Therefore, in order to take advantage of the lower price per pound of AlmosT, all of our restaurants should begin substituting it for brewed tea." Discuss how well reasoned . . . Etc.
Read Sample Essays of this Topic | Write on this Topic | Back to Essay
In the given argument, the author concludes that corporations should consider the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or new location. To bolster this conclusion, the author points out that Helios is the industrial center which provided more manufacturing jobs and that Helio... Back to Essay
Word Frequency Cloud
acceptable account afford analysis appeal appears assumes assumption assumptions attract author availability average bolster business businesses center cited city companies company concluded concludes concrete conducted considered convince convincing corporations demonstrating detailed development dubious emotional evidence explanation factors fails fallacious flawed focus food glance helios improved imprudent industrial industry information infrastructure innovative jobs judgment locate locating location logically low lower manufacturing mention mentions misleading motivate offer opportunities persuasive provided questionable rate readers reading reasonable reasoning recent recession region regional report research reveals ruled seeking specific specifically stands sufficient tax technologies unattractive unemployment valid
Computer Score: 5
Computer Score: 5


text:
This is a review on the Revlon Lip Butter in Creme Brulee. When the Lip Butters came out, everyone was all over them. A light lipstick! It hydrates your lips! You can get just a hint of color!! So many brands came out with similar products, seemingly all at once.
My biggest issue with lipstick is that most formulas make the skin on my lips peel. It isn't painful, but looks horrible and is a pain in the neck. Thinking that the hydrating aspect of this product could help, I was very interested to try out the Lip Butters. I was looking forward to trying them out when they came out in Japan, until I found out how much they cost… they are twice the price in Japan versus the US!
I finally picked up a few on a trip to the US last spring. Creme Brulee ended up being too light in color for me, but I like to use it to tone down my red lipsticks and make them more wearable.
What it does: (from the Revlon website)
Pamper your lips with a gel formula that provides super-charged hydration and glides on buttery smooth. In fact, 94% of women's lips felt were softer, smoother, and instantly hydrated.
Price: As with all US drugstore products, the price will vary depending on where you purchase it. Target.com lists this product for $6.50. For comparison, it is 1500 JPY (about $12.50) in Japan.
Availability: Revlon is a widely available brand in the US. It can be found at drugstores (such as Walgreens or CVS) and many supermarkets, including the huge chains Walmart and Target.
This product is a light beige-brown color with no shimmer.
- This is a hydrating lipstick with some color
- I enjoy layering this lipstick over brighter lipsticks to tone down the color
- This lipstick does not last that long on my lips.
Would I repurchase? Probably yes, and I'm interested to try other shades in this line!
Do you have a favorite shade in the Revlon Lip Butter line? Please let me know!
xoxo, K


text:
House guest steals former police officer's uniform and gun and tries to get drugsBy Mason White 3:14 PM April 13, 2017
|Johnny Ray Wilson
By: William Martin WorldWideWeirdNews.com
A house guest betrayed a homeowner after stealing from him in order to commit crimes.
Police said that 34-year-old Johnny Ray Wilson, stole an old police uniform and a weapon from a retired Florida Sheriff's deputy in an attempt to get drugs at pharmacies.
According to the arrest report, Wilson went to a Target store in the Florida Panhandle, and asked a pharmacy clerk for the drug Suboxone.
Investigators said that he wore a dark green uniform, and he had a police badge and notebook, which he attempted to use to show his credentials.
The employee refused to give Wilson drugs. Instead, police were called.
Investigators checked the car that Wilson used to come to the store, and they discovered that it belonged to the retired deputy.
The former deputy told police that he allowed Wilson to borrow his car, but he had no idea that Wilson took his firearm and uniform.
Wilson is now facing multiple charges, including impersonation of a law enforcement officer.