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It is difficult enough to learn that you are positive for a BRCA mutation. How then do you go about sharing your test results with your immediate and extended family members? Check Your Genes is pleased to provide the secure, free Family Notification Service to help you notify your family members about your BRCA test results.
Family Notification Service
Through the Family Notification Service, you customize template letters to send via email or postal mail. If you are sending letters via email, all addresses are loaded into your own secure account. A copy of your test result can be uploaded to accompany the email as well. If you choose to send letters through postal mail, you may customize and then print your letters from the service.
To learn more or to start using the secure, free-of-charge Family Notification Service, click here.
"The Family Notification Service is fantastic! When patients have just received news of their mutation status, it can be overwhelming to face all the new management options AND contact at-risk family members. This service allows BRCA mutation carriers an efficient and versatile way to share crucial life-saving information. As a genetic counselor, I find it useful and I recommend it highly. When the tool was presented at the National Society of Genetic Counselors meeting, genetic counselors embraced it with enthusiasm."
Karen M. Huelsman, MS, CGC
Certified Genetic Counselor
Cancer Institute
Frequently Asked Questions
There are many questions to be asked and decisions to be made if you have a family history of cancer, especially breast or ovarian cancer. We hope these Frequently Asked Questions will assist you with your search for answers and help you be more proactive in managing your own risks against cancer.
What is a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that were identified over a decade ago. They are classified as "tumor suppressor genes." When BRCA1 and BRCA2 are functioning normally, they are protective against certain types of cancer, especially breast and ovarian cancer. Some individuals carry a mutation (a change or mistake) in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. When this is the case, they are at significantly increased risk for breast cancer (up to an 85% lifetime risk), ovarian cancer (16-45% risk), and certain other cancers (prostate, melanoma, pancreatic).
How do I know if genetic testing is right for me?
Find a local genetic counselor! Genetic counselors are specially trained health care providers located throughout the nation who can provide an expert analysis of your family history and determine the best genetic test for you or your family members. It is important to work with your health care providers to order testing when appropriate and to interpret the meaning and significance of genetic test results.
What is genetic testing and what does it tell me?
Genetic testing is a specific analysis test that uses multiple lab techniques to evaluate the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Genetic testing for BRCA1/2 (or other specific hereditary cancer genes) will provide a personalized risk assessment determining the likelihood of developing cancer. The testing will predict cancer risks, but does not evaluate other genes (for example, muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's, etc.).
How is the test conducted?
Testing can be done on a blood sample or a cheek wash (buccal) sample. The cheek wash method involves swishing about a tablespoon of Scope in your mouth for 30 seconds and repeating 3 times, spitting the sample into a tall plastic tube. This captures cheek cells that contain your DNA for testing. Cheek wash or buccal sampling cannot be done if you have eaten or had anything to drink within the past 60 minutes. It is also not recommended for patients undergoing chemotherapy because of the diminished number of free cheek cells.
If I find out I carry a gene mutation, what do I do next?
There are many prevention and surveillance options to consider! An important first step is to work with your health care providers. In some cases, you may be able to seek comprehensive care with a multidisciplinary team focused on minimizing your cancer risks and maximizing your wellness outcomes! It is important to explore your surveillance (screening), chemoprevention (taking medication to decrease risks) and preventive surgery options.
I'm scared to find out. Why should I be tested?
There are lots of reasons for stress and anxiety surrounding the testing process. It is very helpful to discuss all of your questions and concerns with a qualified health care provider (such as a genetic counselor) prior to having testing. Every individual will take a different course of action on the basis of test results and each family should be assessed individually. The most important reason to test, though, is to optimize your health and to attempt to prevent cancer diagnoses in yourself and your family members.
If I carry a gene mutation, what are my medical treatment options?
There are many medical management options. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, the best plan is always to work closely with your health care team. If you have tested positive and not been diagnosed with cancer, surveillance options include self-breast exam, clinical breast exam, mammography, breast ultrasound, breast MRI and gynecologic ultrasound and CA-125 levels. Chemoprevention may include medications such as oral contraceptives and tamoxifen. Prophylactic (preventive) surgery options include mastectomy (with reconstruction) and salpingo-oophorectomy (having the ovaries removed).
I know I have the gene. Should other family members be tested?
Genetic testing should be offered to all of your family members. If you know the mutation is from your mom's side, then your maternal relatives, siblings and children should be tested; if paternal, your paternal relatives, and all siblings and children, should be tested.
Is genetic testing covered by my insurance company?
Most likely. In some cases of need, specialized grant funding may be available.
It is typical for most programs to offer testing for those with a 10% or higher chance of mutation. If the full Comprehensive BRACAnalaysis is warranted, the cost is $3,340. For those with sufficient risk and clinical implications, the testing is usually covered by insurance. There could be out of pocket expenses such as a co-pay or deductible. The lab will generally let you know if the out of pocket cost is more than $375, a cut off they use.
For patients with Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, the MultiSite3 test for common heritage mutation is $575. Patients with very high risk may go onto fuller testing if indicated. For patients with a known BRCA1/2 mutation in the family, Genetic Counselors will usually order the Single Site Analysis for the one known mutation only. A thorough family history will generally confirm if anything beyond is needed.
Insurance coverage is quite good these days and even Medicare and Medicaid have testing policies. When a patient decides to move forward with testing, this can be done at the close of the Genetic Counseling session. Informed consent papers and billing pre-verification forms need to be signed.
Ask your genetic counselor or health care provider for assistance with other specific questions.
Can I lose my health insurance if I carry either gene mutation?
Both federal and state law protects against discrimination on the basis of a genetic test result. HIPAA, in place since 1997 and GINA, since 2009, are two legislative acts in place to support federal protection against genetic discrimination. For more information, please see www.nsgc.org.
Can I only inherit the breast cancer gene from my mother?
No, 50% of hereditary breast cancer is inherited from the father's side of the family.
Are men at an increased risk of cancer if they have a BRCA 1 or BRCA2 mutation?
Men have increased risks for prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and melanoma. In rare cases, male breast cancer may occur.
How can I help or support Check Your Genes?
There are numerous ways to get involved! We are always in need of volunteers, donors and sponsors and people who can help champion the cause. We also need everyone to help spread the word about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Knowledge is the best form of early detection: know your past…to improve your future!
Genetic Counseling Links
- National Society of Genetic Counselors (home)
- National Society of Genetic Counselors (find a counselor)
- Genetic Health
- Informed Medical Decisions (provides online or telephone access to genetic counselors if you cannot find a local expert). 1-800-975-4819 ext 102
- St. Elizabeth's Comprehensive Hereditary Cancer Program (Edwood, KY). 859-301-3939.
- The Hereditary Cancer Program/Division of Human Genetics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. 513-803-0750 or 800-344-2462, ext. 30750.
- Genetic Counseling at TriHealth Cancer Institute. 513-865-5578.
- Canadian Society of Genetic Counsellors (home)
- Canadian Society of Genetic Counsellors (find a counselor)
Organizations and Links for Support
- American Cancer Society
- American Society of Clinical Oncology
- National Cancer Institute
- National Ovarian Cancer Coalition
- MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.
- Bright Pink
- Facing our Risk of Cancer Empowerd (FORCE)
- I Have Wings Breast Cancer Foundation
- Pink Ribbon Girls
- Sharsheret
- Young Survival Coalition
- The Mesothelioma Group
- American Childhood Cancer Society


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Oceanfront Restaurant & Lounge
Tropical Infused International and Local Cuisine
lunch | dinner under the stars | sunday live jazz brunch
Resting on a stunning beach front property that juts towards the ocean, Oceano combines the warmth of a Caribbean getaway with the vibrant energy of South Beach. For an oceanfront dining experience unlike any other, the menu combines an eclectic array of Puerto Rican and international cuisine infused with local herbs & flavors, matching your palate to the tropical breeze. When the moon and stars come out, Oceano transforms into an elegant lounge where deck strollers wield chromatic cocktails and time marinates into a leisurely afterthought.
Dining Hours:
Monday: open for high season
Tuesday – Thursday: 12 pm – 10 pm
Friday, Saturday: 12 pm – 10:30 pm
Sunday: 11 am – 8 pm (Brunch 11 am – 4 pm)
2 Vendig St, Condado | 787.724.6300 | oceanopr.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Discussion in 'Lounge & Gossip' started by TheDarkKnight, Friday 18th Jan, 2013.
German cars 'among worst for engine failures' | Auto Express
Tell us something we DON'T know.
Re: German cars 'among worst for engine failures
Nothing new then.
Re: German cars 'among worst for engine failures
Not strictly true. We have to consider the possibility that those folk who (sadly) own/drive such auto's from Deutschland will be bitterely disappointed to know that their vehicles are overpriced-disasters-on-wheels.
Reminds me, saw a brand new BMW M5 on the hard shoulder of the M40 the other day, smoking away from its engine bay. Quality car. Not. The owner didnt look too pleased...needless to say. #BMWFail
Amazing...it can only be so long before more people start to take notice of this type of publicity? Can't it? PLEASE!!!
My last VW had a complete auto gearbox failure after 40k miles, and JUST before the 3 year warranty expired. Only then did I discover that it wasn't such an unusual thing to happen...
...which is why I now drive a Honda!
This sort of thread makes me think of people on forums who proclaim German cars to be superior to Hondas...and pity such utter foolishness.
Having seen engine production at Honda factories majority of the owners don't even know the lengths Honda goes to make engine.
Words can't put it into perspective as your jaw is dropped all through the stage. The technical proficiency,skill and speed these engine are made is nothing short of perfection.
Swindon plant has a good system but the Japanese were in a different galaxy the entire shop floor would put hospitals to shame the humidity and temperature is closely monitored .That why I have always insisted people to buy Japanese and petrol.
I haven't seen Diesel Honda being made as they were not the scene when I used to be there.
Have a look at Honda perfection and the attention to detail whilst making the S2000. Look at the technical making the hard top the level of accuracy their hand movement tell you the level of their calibre. Honda poetry in motion I wish everyone could see the joy of Honda manufacturing its spiritual moves you.
Sorry for the clip has vital bits blurred as Honda are very protective about few of their techniques
I would vouch that one Honda engine failure was due to oil starvation or just being a diesel .
Motorcycle factory
My time with German cars was a eye opener,I was a Audi reporting tech back in the 90s,one of I think only 16 then in the uk and was privileged to certain knowledge, boy what a mess, the set up was great very keen team,love the cars to drive and the styling, but the mechanics were a nightmare .one of my worst encounters was a engine sump leak on a batch of engines that when I striped the sump off for replacing the pan gasket was surprised to see a multi layer steel gasket used between the alloy sump and block? When contacting technical later they informed me that these cars were part of a experiment with this set up, yep something like 15000 cars sold to customers and out there as test cars, needless to say it was replaced with a compound one and the experiment was not deemed a success , this sort of thing going on all the time , some new cars without the piston oil control rings fitted, oil pump changes while the cars were in for a service so customers would be none the wiser as we're not told, constant failings and mods, no end of recalls ,German engineering don,t make me laugh, strange how people are fooled,must say though their warranty was good and never a problem.
I remember when the 3rd Generation Golf was launched, a lot of the first ones had no paint on the bottom of the doors, so rusted within a year.
Expect its all those BMW diesels eating their manifold flaps and blowing turbos.
Back in 2006 I worked (for a very short time) as a sales exec for a VW dealership and obviously had access to the workshops. I could not get over how many Golf cars were on the ramps MINUS their engines. These were cars that were less than 12 months old!! I asked the technicians why they were in this condition but as a "new boy" to the dealership they shied away from giving me a straight answer. Although I managed to do well on the sales of these vehicles it did make me me feel a little uneasy selling cars which obviously were not as reliable as their reputations would suggest. Fortunately I retained my 52 reg accord (locked up in mint condition) and was very happy to climb into it when I chucked in the sales exec job. It certainly put me off VW cars.
Mike c
... but VW offers an very advantageous feature - Broken engines are quick & easy to replace without tools !! :
The rope was superimposed....
Are you saying the engine just fell out ?? LOL
Aye Would it surprise you? Lol
That was the best thing that ever happened to that Golf....oh no, I lie, hang on, its not yet on fire. THAT will be the best thing for it. I wonder what they tied it to?
A Dandelion
Someone at my local BMW dealer told me they always keep a 2.0 diesel engine in stock!
Just the one ??
A spare shitty 2.0 engine and some M badges is all they need to keep in stock, considering 99% of BMW are specced with the 2.0 engines and M sport badges everywhere.
Separate names with a comma.


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Victoria Justice just nailed another New York Fashion Week event!
The 24-year-old actress stepped out at Rebecca Minkoff's fashion show on Saturday (September 9) in New York City.
Victoria looked super cute in a short, flowered, velvet dress while posting with other celebs like Jessica Alba!
After the event, Victoria took to her Instagram to share a pretty selfie from the afternoon.
"Had a great time at the @rebeccaminkoff show earlier today! @makeupbylusine I love this look so much! #NYFW," Victoria wrote.
Check out the pic below…


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Conducting Effective Meetings
Meetings have many uses. It can be one on one meeting with a staff member to ascertain how their work is progressing, to discuss things that could be affecting their work, or perhaps with a client to discuss exactly what they require from your services, or how well their project is running. Other meetings may have members from multiple departments meeting to collaborate on a project, or discuss company matters. Effective planning, preparation, strategy, communication and many other things can influence how effective your meeting is.
This Conducting Effective Meetings Session is designed to help teams and employees recognize their role within meetings and also how to conduct a meeting professionally and effectively.
Objectives for the Conducting Effective Meetings Training
This session will help us teach your employees how to:
- Understand the value of meetings as a management tool
Meetings are a great way to grow your business or organisation. Interaction and discussion between departments will help with creative ideas, coordination and planning. Our trainer will discuss with the participants just how important meetings are to an organisation and how they can all take a part.
- Communicate effectively with other meeting members
Learning how to communicate effectively in a meeting is important also. We discuss how some simple yet advanced communication skills will enable a more effective meeting with less time required.
- Recognize the critical planning step that makes meeting time more effective
There are many steps to conducting effective meetings, however one stands out as a critical planning step that all meetings should have. Learn more about this step in the session.
- Identify process tools that can help create an open and safe forum for discussion
Being able to use different tools and skills within meetings will assist in the effectiveness and outcomes. If you would like your meetings to produce more results and improve performance, this section is for you.
- Understand the Formality/Informality of Meetings
There can be different modes when it comes to meetings. Do you wish to have a formal meeting or an informal one? Learn why both have benefits and drawbacks also. This session helps participants learn which type of meeting to conduct and they will also learn how to benefit from the style they choose.
- Develop and Practice Techniques for Handling Counterproductive Behavior
There are a range of issues that arise in meetings. From time to time you may need some additional skills or techniques to help better handle the situations or issues. Our trainers speak from professional experience and knowledge of common issues that happen in all workplaces. We also provide solutions for these issues.
Conducting Effective Meetings Training Summary
If your workplace engages in meetings, then you may know just how important it is to make them effective. The whole theme of this training session is to bring out the effectiveness of meetings. Many businesses today rely on meetings and find some meetings can be ineffective due to the planning, communication and counterproductive behavior. If your team require additional help in conducting a successful meeting, this training session is packed full with tips and tools to assist. We can discuss and include any requirements within this session to help provide your staff with a standard for meetings.
Customized training for businesses in Gold Coast, Adelaide, Darwin, Sydney, Parramatta, Perth, Canberra, Melbourne, Brisbane. If you have any requirements or objectives not stated above, contact our team for assistance. We have a range of meeting management training solutions and can provide you samples of previous sessions we have conducted. More information on this training session is available by calling 1300 810 725 or contact us via the contact page.


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And Did He Stop and Speak to You
first edition
by STERN, G. B.
IL: Regnery, 1958. Good. First edition. Good hardcover. Pages brown. Corners bent. Stains on cloth cover. Spine brown. Edges of spine bumped. Please Note: This book has been transferred to Between the Covers from another database and might not be described to our usual standards. Please inquire for more detailed condition information. (Inventory #: 120261)


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Fans of the classic video game "Snake" are in for a treat if they find themselves around the fountains at Granary Square in London, thanks to an app called Granary Squirt.
Taking advantage of the 1,080 fountains and lights at the King's Cross landmark, developers at The Fountain Workshop created Granary Squirt to let smartphone users take control of each individual fountain. The result is a real-life rendition of the old 'Snake' game, with a small line of fountains growing longer and longer by directing the head of the line, or 'snake,' toward various targets.
Up to eight players can point their phones toward the fountains and play Granary Squirt at any given time, with each snake being a different color.
Granary Squirt is available on iTunes and Google play, for anyone in the King's Cross area eager to turn a landmark into their personal plaything.
Fountain-Controlling Video Games
More Stats +/-
Talking Water Fountains
Interactive Fountains
Snot-Spraying Fountains
Smartphone-Savvy Fountains
Drink Bottle Fountains


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Murray State University admissions chances
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Find information about Murray State University admissions chances, and registering for elective lectures and seminars. Which college degrees give you the best chances of entering a successful career path after graduation? Concentrating on Murray State University admissions chances, for example, may give you additional focus in the admissions selection process. Check with the admissions office for assistance with prerequisites, course registration deadlines, and college degree program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Murray State University.
Given the large number of colleges, universities, and vocational training programs, how can you make a wise choice, in oder to select the school that's best for you? There are literally 4,000 degree-granting institutions, and over 2,000 technical schools. Of the degree-granting schools, over 1,600 award associate degrees and 2,400 award bachelors degrees. By asking youself several important questions, you can narrow down the list to a reasonable size. Many students choose a college nearby, not only to save money on in-state tuition, but to remain close to family and friends. If you're looking further afield, ask yourself what you want to achieve long-term, and don't start college hoping you'll figure out what major to choose later.
By looking over the course catalog from any major university, you can get an idea which courses are going to be required in any given major. Try to remember how you felt when you took any related subjects during high school, and ask yourself if you really would look forward to several years of in-depth involvement and study. If you're lucky enough to know what direction you want to take, then college rankings can help you define your options, based on your GPA, class standing, extracurriculars, and test scores. Beyond major requirements within the admissions department, you may consider Bridgewater College grade reports for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
Admissions Staff
Centura College
Prefer prior admissions experience at a private for profit college or technical school.
8 hours ago Admissions Representative
Centura College
Prefer prior admissions experience at a private for profit college or technical school. Centura College - Chesapeake, VA.
5 hours ago Admissions Officer
UEI College Frenso
Professional Admissions Representative. Proprietary education admissions experience. Conduct admissions presentation utilizing company approved..
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WC California Inc
Graduation from an accredited four-year college with a degree in Addiction Counseling, Criminal Justice, Social Work, Psychology or related field is preferred.
22 hours ago International Admissions Advisor
Oklahoma City Community College
The International Admissions Advisor serves as one of OCCCA's Designated School Officials (DSO) for the F visa program.
6 days ago


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IBFD – Tax Research PlatformDatabases
IBFD offers a comprehensive package of international and country-specific tax materials, searchable by format, topic, or country.
The IBFD Platform offers a multitude of ways to search for the information you need. You can start your search by selecting a collection, a country, a region, a special topic, practice area or through a(n) (advanced) full-text search. After the first search criterion has been executed you can further refine your search by using the options presented in the left frame.
The left frame contains 3 tabs of which 2 are shown by default (Search, Tools). When a document is open in the middle frame, the 'Outline tab' will appear in the left frame providing you with the Table of Contents of the specific document that is open.
Search tab: Allows you to narrow your search by using the drop down bars on the left side to select certain types of information (e.g. publication, collection, topic), or simply narrow your search geographically. It is also possible to enter a specific subject in the keyword box. Every time you enter a search item or narrow the searches, your selections appear at the top of the screen. To undo a previous selection simply click it away at the top of the screen (x).
Tools tab: Explains what tools are included in the platform, along with a brief description of how to use them.
Outline tab: Provides you with the Table of Contents of the specific document that is open. By clicking the plus sign, you open a lower level in the Table of Contents. This way, you can browse through the sections and subsections of the product.
If you want to clear a search quickly or start a new one: click on the IBFD logo in the top left corner of the IBFD Platform.
Performing a search will search the collections the Library subscribes to. In order to execute a search of all IBFD's collections, untick the checkbox at the top of the left frame entitled 'My Subscriptions only' before performing the search. Of course, you can only access the documents yielded by the search results if you have a subscription to them. Documents shown in grey are not accessible.
On the left frame of the start page are several drop down menus. Behind every collection name, there is a small information icon. When you hover over it with your mouse, it provides a very brief explanatory text of what the collection entails.
It is possible to create your own personalized Research Profile(s).
The feature will allow you to store your favorite and most frequently used searches for quick and easy future access. Additionally, the IBFD RSS functionality offers you the opportunity to be kept up-to-date with any updates to your Research Profiles.


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Beijing Sanki Petroleum is named among the leading manufacturers of petroleum related machinery and products. We are now credited to be one of the most reliable
Our factory is located at the heart of Beijing that is the highly active industrial area of the district. We laid our foundation at the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area which is a high-tech business region in entire China. Sanki Petroleum at its maximum potential takes out the annual production of 20,000 fuel dispensers, fuel dispensing equipment, and gas pump dispenser. We are named among the top refueling equipment manufacturers in China. Having the distribution capacity to supply over 200,000 units, Beijing Sanki has setup a widespread sales distribution network in China. SINOPEC and PETROCHINA are the two largest worldwide fuel companies and Sanki, enjoys being the proud distributor of SINOPEC and PETROCHINA with the 35000 and 15000 services stations in the entire China.
Beijing Sanki has assembled a very strong distribution network by collaborating in both national and international trade shows. We have been influencing the industry related investors by our unmatchable solution and at this stage we enjoy the pride of maintaining long-term business relationships with our Japanese and European clients. Beijing Sanki has established its strong fuel management system distribution network in South Asia, Middle East, Europe, Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia and 20 more countries including Russia, Indonesia, Mongolia, Ghana, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Mexico, Philippines, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Lebanon and East Timor etc. Now in the 21st century, Sanki is known as a prospective brand, a brand that has proven its existence in the international market of petroleum industry.
Maintaining a firm grip and front position is always a challenge in the fluctuating and competitive market and believe it or not Our devotion to innovation and industrial practices has kept up lead the edge of the firm. In the worldwide fuel Industry, Beijing Sanki is positioned as the primary fuel dispensing equipment manufacturer. Beijing Sanki has licensed and certified itself with the International Organization of Legal Meteorology (OIML), standard ISO9001 superiority system and ISO14001 environmental system. Moreover, we are a few steps away from getting the ATEX approval. Having the power to cater fuel industry, Beijing Sanki has been elected as the supplier of SINOPEC, PETROCHINA and CNOOC. With specialized technological service operations we are making our continuous efforts to contribute the industry. We are not just a company, we are a corporation. We are Beijing Sanki Petroleum.


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Lucy "Xena" Lawless portrays Stevie Nicks in one of her post-Fleetwood Mac endeavours as the proprietor of a Tex-Mex restaurant in Sedona, AZ.
"Well here you go again, you say, you want burritos. I hope that you can keep 'em down. It's only a flour tortilla that wraps around your meat and, have you any beans you'd like to sell?"
I don't know what sketch comedy show this is from, but it is genius.
16 Comments on "OMG, how spicy: Stevie Nicks Fajita Roundup"
Hey one of my favorite SNL sketches ever! I've had it on my myspace for about a year now… yay lucy lawless!
Haha, wow, I have this on tape, actually. It was from October 1998. I'm a big Xena fan, so I just had to record this one. The Stevie sketch is the best!
Hey, maybe 8 people can all reply saying it's an SNL sketch!
Thanks for posting this, it's fucking awesome.
You ended day with a huge laugh. I love Stevie Nicks, but I can picture the poor wench pushing those burritos.
LOL, I love her!
it's from Saturday Night Live several years ago and it's still
It's from SNL from years ago and I actually had been loking for it FOREVER and found it again finally a couple of weeks ago. Genius! As a great booke end to it I suggest searching YouTube for a recent SNL commercial parody for another mexican resturaunt called TACO TOWN. Also hilarious
It's from SNL, and it is hilarious! 😀
I thought YouTube had gotten rid of it along with everything else from SNL, but apparently it's back 😀
"and then I saw my reflection in a big pile of nachos, until a landslide brought it down!"
Thanks Frank! I've found my new life motto!
I'm pretty sure it's from an old episode of SNL.
The skit is from an episode of NBC's 'Saturday Night Live' years ago. I actually watched that episode. Stevie is always good for tragedy that keeps kicking.
It was on SNL a long time ago when she hosted. She was a really good host and this was just one of the great sketches.
ok, i posted the exact same clip this morning… way before i headed over to your blog! considering how obscure this is, it's a very strange coincidence, don't you think?? it's from saturday night live, by the way. that's jimmy fallon playing the piano.
its snl


text: Uncategorized Some Things to Listen To September 1, 2015 niestalk KISL is a community station, and when you turn in you hear the Catalina Community. Check out our local DJ shows by tuning in on FM, online, and for some of our shows via podcast! Stay tuned to find out who you can download and listen to any time!


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Gary Beiriger
- 66 years old
- Date of birth: Jul 30, 1948
- Date of passing: Feb 6, 2015
|Let the memory of Gary be with us forever
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Gary Beiriger, 66, born on July 30, 1948 and passed away on February 6, 2015. We will remember him forever.
Memorial Tributes
"Can't believe it has been two years..... We miss you so much dad"
"Love and miss you so much dad"
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Custom Bike - 6~8 weeks
Bike Repair - 1 week
July 2004
Hey Scott! Here's the thing:
"There's magic in a bike, a magic of seeing and riding and, hell, just being free. Most people grow up and lose that magic." (quote from the book, Perfect Circles, by Greg Moody, published by Velopress)
I have always loved cycling and bikes ever since I was kid. As I got older my enthusiasm never dimmed. I enjoyed the simplicity, the form, the freedom of bicycles. I have had some great bikes in my life; the old fat tire bikes of my youth, touring bikes, track, and road bikes. All great machines, but I never had a custom- built bike. I had put it off for years...well, I finally put an end to my procrastination.
And after walking past R&E for twenty years, I finally did it. ...And wow, what an experience!
The service, the attention to detail, and personal one on one involvement from the Fit-Kit, to the custom work-up sheet, and all the particulars of frame geometry, materials, and upgrades were all attended to. Everyone at R&E has a passion for bikes and cycling in all its forms. Scott Rock took care of me through the entire process, listening to what I wanted in a bike and carefully planned all aspects and components together to help me create a true Dream Machine. With the help and input of Smiley, Dan, Dave (frame builder), Teresa (paint specialist) and others, it all came together. You would have to see it to believe it! The ride is incredible, handling, acceleration, and climbing has improved in unbelievable proportions. It just feels great! And so was my total experience at R&E, from the beginning to the champagne ending when they rolled my bike out.
These are people who know the magic of bikes and the people that ride them.
Thanks Everyone at R&E!
Mike Cribbs
Note from Dan:
Mike was ready for a new bike, and selected us to build it for him. This was a particular honor, as it was quite obvious that Mike loved bicycles as much as anyone I've ever met. When I met him, he had come into the shop with a 25 year old Nishiki that he had owned since it was new. It had been ridden a good deal, but was still in immaculate condition. It was a pleasure to build his new bike, and maybe, in another 25 years or so, he'll have us build another one. It reassures me of the fact that R+E Cycles has the best customers in the world!
Thanks Mike, and happy riding!
Enjoy a few images of Mike's beautiful bike below, or visit the full image gallery of his ride here.


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… (Udvid)
They told him they all speak English there - how wrong they were. If Harry had only known a few words, he could have cried for help from the depths of the maze. But it was not to be. Poor Harry. Though there are some who still believe he may find his way out...Don''t be like poor Harry. Get out, and about, with this essential travel companion.* covers all essential language and more, in an easy-to-use format* two-way dictionary; local usage, slang; grammar and pronunciation guides* conversation topics such as sport, current issues, environment, romance* attractive illustrations and two-colour throughout* detailed vocab and expressions for business travel, families, staying healthy and gay travellers
- Sprog:
- Ukendt
- 9788770498708
- Forlag:
- Lonely Planet
- Indbinding:
- Ukendt
- Sideantal:
- 258
- Udgivet:
- 1. januar 2008
Andre udgaver:
- Kan ikke skaffes


text:
https://www.kapnick.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/KimB-e1403184973122.jpg 311 253 kapnick https://www.kapnick.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-kapnick-black-logo.png kapnick2014-06-12 14:14:052014-06-12 14:14:05Tips for Exercising in the Summer Heat
Tips for Exercising in the Summer Heat
Summer is the perfect time to get outside and have some fun, but the summer heat can be a problem. Listed below are a few tips that can help you stay safe and beat the summer heat.
- The time of day is important – Avoid exercising from 10am to 3pm. It's the hottest part of the day.
- Wear loose, light colored clothing – The lighter color will help reflect heat, and cotton material will help the evaporation of sweat.
- Wear Sunscreen – You can get burned and suffer sun damage to your skin even on cloudy days.
- Stay hydrated and replenish your electrolyte and salt intake – Make sure to drink water before, during and after your workout. For less than 1 hour of exercise consume water. For more than 1-2 hours of exercise, consume an electrolyte replacement drink.
- Choose shaded trails or pathways– This will help keep you out of the sun.
- Ease into summer –Allow your body to adapt partially to heat through repeated gradual daily exposures.
- Team Up – If you can, exercise with a friend or family member. It's safer and could be more fun.
Kim Bielenda|Wellness Coordinator
Kapnick Insurance Group|Strength. Knowledge. Direction.
1201 Briarwood Circle | Ann Arbor, MI 48108 |www.kapnick.com
D 734.274.4452 | F 734.994.7326 | P 888.263.4656 x 1143


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Salman avoids Amitabh Bachchan at IPL 5 rehearsalsFollow us on Social Media
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In showbiz, it is the hardest to live by the adage forgive and forget. No wonder, awkward moments faced by actors make for interesting stories. On Monday evening, actors Amitabh Bachchan and Salman Khan faced one such moment, when they were present at the same time at the venue for the IPL opening night in Chennai.
Bollywoods bad boy Salman Khan chose not to bump into Amitabh Bachchan during the rehearsals of their IPL 5 opening ceremony performances Monday evening.
Before delivering their final performance, both Amitabh Bachchan and Salman Khan wanted to do rehearsals on the stage. Amitabh Bachchan was already on the stage perfecting his acts. Salman Khan came to know about Amitabh Bachchans presence on the stage. Somehow Salman Khan didnt want to meet Amitabh Bachchan so he waited inside his vanity van till Amitabh Bachchans rehearsal was over.
A leading English daily quoted a source, Since Salman got to the venue around the time Amitabh was rehearsing on the stage, he chose to wait it out in his vanity van before he came on the stage.
In fact, this isnt the first time in the recent weeks that Salman has avoided a run-in with someone from the Bachchan parivar. A similar instance occurred at the funeral of Boney Kapoors first wife Mona Kapoor. It was reported that Salman apparently waited it out in his car when he learnt that Abhishek Bachchan was inside and made an appearance only when he left.
Salman Khan was the ex-boyfriend of Aishwarya Rai. Once they were reportedly in love but fell out later. Later on Aishwarya Rai allegedly dated Vivek Oberai. Later on Aishwarya Rai got married to Abhishek Bachchan and is the mother of a baby girl too. But whenever it is possible, Salman Khan avoids Bachchan family.
It is also true, whenever Salman Khan and Amitabh Bachchan come face to face they always greet each other. At the opening of IPL inauguration ceremony, Salman Khan and Amitabh Bachchan gave a hit performance. Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra too were at the IPL inauguration ceremony and both dated Shahid Kapoor at different time. They too dont share warm relationship. But somehow they managed to remain neutral towards each other.
Shahrukh Khan who is the owner of Kolkata Knight Rider owner, was absent too from the IPL inauguration ceremony.


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This show is super well done. It's only a few minutes per show but it's really good. This show is super popular. I already knew about this when it first came out because I used to watch the youtube videos of the original rooster teeth channel when it first started. If you are into anime, than you might like this. They also have actual dvds of the two seasons they have and other things as well.
What do you think, have you seen it?
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


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The dm_death_map.zip file you have requested: Maps / Deathmatch / Dm_Death Map - 3.51mb is not available. Perhaps try browsing all files for the game Doom III and upload any files you want to share or are missing. This is the only information we could locate:
A Doom 3 map for Death Match for junkies. Based off of the dust and iceworld maps for Counter-Strike.
We recommend you return to the download list and browse the links from there. If the problem persists, contact us with the details.


text: In this video I'm covering what I think is the best way way to burn fat and get to those very low levels of body fat. If you found this video helpful hit to support the channel and share the video with your friends to spread the word Related videos: How To Get Ripped FAST? (Step By Step Guide) How Many Calories To Eat To Lose Weight or Gain Muscle How To Setup Your Macronutrients […]Keep reading » →


text: I think my rhino skin is finally growing stronger-that or I'm just numb to difficult child and easy child/difficult child garbage. Probably, it's a bit of both. difficult child has been so full of verbal garbage it's unbelievable. As soon as he doesn't get his way about something the garbage starts coming out of his mouth. If he asks me if I remember something (for example he was asking about a gym bag he used to have a couple of years ago and I didn't remember it) then I'm stupid, a jerk, and have mental issues (along with other swear words). When I told him today that he couldn't come with to the health club because of how he was behaving (he had warnings) he suddenly puts on a sweet voice and apologizes. I tell him thanks but he still can't go because of how rude he was acting. Then he loses it and starts screaming in my face (literally about 2 inches from my face) and asking me if I really want to see him be rude. He even started cracking his knuckles and forming a fist and I told him if he hit me I would be calling the police. He stated he would call the police and tell them I was a B****. I basically just rolled my eyes. He then goes upstairs crying to husband who had been trying to sleep that I won't let him come to the club and he is too scared to stay home with easy child/difficult child. By this time I no longer feel like working out and ground him from watching television with us for the rest of the day. In the past all of his verbal abuse would really hurt. Somehow, right now anyways, I'm beyond the hurting-guess it's natural defense after all of these years. Last Tuesday we received a note from his Special Education teacher letting us know he had a glass bottle in his hand during art and tried to hit another student with it 3 times. He ended up with a detention for the next hour. I haven't even replied to the email. That is totally not like me. I think what he did was horrible yet I'm at a loss for responding. Different feelings are running through my mind. One is I feel like she was just informing me and didn't necessarily require a response. Two, I honestly don't know what to say anymore. How do I respond to that? I did get an email from someone on his behavioral support team yesterday who was, of course, informed about the event and wanted to know if we had seen any escalation at home. I haven't even responded to that. Again,totally unlike me. Just don't have the energy. Oh and, in addition, all of difficult child's extra services (like Respite and his life coach) are not officially over has his time in the county program is over. He is still receiving therapy 2x a week and sees his psychiatrist once a month. Of course, this is October and we usually start to see a huge ramp up in behaviors. Again, what is interesting to me is I seem to be rather apathetic to all of it. So that's my update on life with difficult child. I had planned on adding in the easy child/difficult child garbage going on but since this is way longer than I wanted I'll save it for another post.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 2010
|Filing date
|Jun 27, 2008
|Priority date
|Aug 12, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thomas S. Mathews, Bruce Mealey, Pratap Chandra Pattnaik, Ravi A. Shankar
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/916,981, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,424,584, filed Aug. 12, 2004, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to improved memory protection and in particular to improved object-based memory protection. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to providing key-controlled object-based memory protection, where keys are assigned at a page level granularity to indicate page association with a data object and each module is allowed access to the pages assigned to at least one data object.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is common for computer software to be programmed to use a flat address space within memory. In particular, the flat address space may be implemented within a global address space that is shared among multiple software components. The global address space provides an easy programming mode and efficient memory access performance.
Within a computer system, it is important that the components of an operating system and other program components are protected from one another's activities. In particular, when a global address space is shared among multiple software components, it is important to ensure that memory, files, and other objects can be operated on by only those components that have gained proper authorization from the operating system.
One reason that protection of memory and other objects is important is that there is a need to prevent mischievous, intentional violation of memory and other objects. In addition, protection of memory and other objects is important to protect against accidental memory overlays that degrade data.
One method of providing memory protection for a flat address space is by updating page table entries holding a memory address for each page of memory with a page protector specifying the access allowed to each page by a current module as that module is loaded for execution. Changing memory protection by changing page protectors in page table entries, however, is extremely time consuming. In particular, the page protector for a single page may be stored in multiple locations, such as a translation lookaside buffer, cache, and page table, wherein changing the protection levels of memory requires changing the page protector value in multiple buffers and memory locations which is both time consuming and an inefficient manner of changing memory protection.
To avoid the time consuming nature of changing memory protection at the page table level, some operating systems implement memory hierarchies for memory protection. In particular, in a hierarchical memory scheme, memory is arranged in a hierarchy, such that each software component can be programmed to have access to a particular ring within the hierarchy and all rings surrounding the particular ring. A core component, such as an operating system kernel may be programmed to be fully addressable, with access to the core of the hierarchical rings access to all memory rings; other components are programmed to have limited addressability to a particular ring or rings.
Within a hierarchical memory protection scheme, memory protection can be adjusted by changing the memory included in a ring, without requiring updates to the page table and buffers, however existing software components are not organized to support hierarchical memory. Thus, hierarchical memory schemes are limited because software modules must be restructured to fit into a hierarchical memory protection scheme. In addition, organizing memory in a hierarchical fashion is limited because the way that memory must be grouped into protection levels does not necessarily correlate with object-oriented software components.
Therefore, in view of the foregoing, there is a need for a method, system, and program for an efficient and inexpensive memory protection scheme that organizes and protects pages of memory allocated within a flat, global address space. In particular, there is a need for a method, system, and program to quickly change the protection level of a page of memory without requiring a change of a protection key in the page table and buffers.
Therefore, the present invention provides improved memory protection and in particular provides improved object-based memory protection. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a method, system, and program for key-controlled object-based memory protection, where keys are assigned at a page level granularity to indicate page association with a data object and each module is allowed access to the pages assigned to at least one data object.
According to one embodiment, a processing unit includes an authority check. The authority check controls access by the processing unit to pages of memory according to whether a hardware protection key set currently loaded in an authority mask register allows access to the pages. In particular, each page of memory is assigned a page key number that indexes into the hardware protection key set. The currently loaded hardware protection key set specifies those page key numbers that are currently accessible to the processing unit for the execution context. Each hardware key within the hardware protection key set may be associated with a particular data object or group of data objects. Thus, effectively, the currently loaded hardware protection key set identifies which data objects or groups of data objects are currently accessible.
Software keys are assigned to a data object or group of data objects. Programmers may specify the sets of software keys needed by each module. At initialization, each software key assigned to a module is dynamically mapped to one from among multiple hardware protection keys. Then, the set of software protection keys assigned to each module is mapped to a hardware protection key set for the module at initialization. When a processing unit enters a new module, the hardware protection key set for the module is efficiently loaded into the authority mask register, such that sets of keys for controlling memory protection are quickly changed. In particular, modules may be wrapped with a protection gate that controls loading the hardware protection key set when a new module is entered. In one example, protection gate may store the hardware protection key set previously loaded for quick restoration of the authority mask register at an exit point.
In particular, when a page request is received from the processing unit at the authority controller, a translation look-aside buffer is searched for the page request. If a page entry for the page request is located in the translation look-aside buffer, then the key number stored with the page entry is retrieved. Otherwise, a page table is accessed to retrieve the key number for the page request. The key number is then compared with the hardware protection key set to determine if access to pages assigned to that key number is allowed. If the hardware protection key set allows the access, the page protection bit is also checked to determine if access to the page is allowed.
In one embodiment, the hardware protection key set is a bit vector indexed to the page key numbers. In addition, the hardware protection key set may be indexed to the page key numbers for read requests and indexed to the page key numbers for write requests. A bit set at each of the indexed page key number locations specifies whether a particular type of access is allowed.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The key-controlled object-based memory protection method, system, and program allow for efficient adjustment of the data objects accessible to the currently loaded module by assigning page key numbers associated with data objects at a page level granularity and controlling access to those pages of memory assigned with page key numbers as specified by a hardware protection key set efficiently loaded in association with the currently loaded module. In particular, it is important to note that modules are groups of instructions defined at a granularity such that software keys may be assigned to a module. Multiple groups of modules may be referred to as a software component. Components may include, but are not limited to, application programs, kernel processes, procedures, services, methods, and other groups of modules that are executable on a processing unit.
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to
Computer system 100 includes a bus 122 or other communication device for communicating information within computer system 100, and at least one processing device such as processor 112, coupled to bus 122 for processing information. Bus 122 preferably includes low-latency and higher latency paths that are connected by bridges and adapters and controlled within computer system 100 by multiple bus controllers. When implemented as a server system, computer system 100 typically includes multiple processors designed to improve network servicing power.
Processor 112 may be a general-purpose processor such as IBM's PowerPC™ processor that, during normal operation, processes data under the control of operating system and application software accessible from a dynamic storage device such as random access memory (RAM) 114 and a static storage device such as Read Only Memory (ROM) 116. The operating system preferably provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to the user. In one embodiment, application or operating system software contains machine executable instructions that when executed on processor 112 carry out the operations depicted in the flowcharts of
The present invention may be provided as a computer program product, included on a machine-readable medium having stored thereon the machine executable instructions used to program computer system 100 to perform a process according to the present invention. The term "machine-readable medium" as used herein includes any medium that participates in providing instructions to processor 112 or other components of computer system 100 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms including, but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Common forms of non-volatile media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape or any other magnetic medium, a compact disc ROM (CD-ROM) or any other optical medium, punch cards or any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically EPROM (EEPROM), a flash memory, any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which computer system 100 can read and which is suitable for storing instructions. In the present embodiment, an example of a non-volatile medium is mass storage device 118 which as depicted is an internal component of computer system 100, but will be understood to also be provided by an external device. Volatile media include dynamic memory such as RAM 114. Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire or fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 122. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency or infrared data communications.
Moreover, the present invention may be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program instructions may be transferred from a remote computer such as a server 140 to requesting computer system 100 by way of data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium via a network link 134 (e.g. a modem or network connection) to a communications interface 132 coupled to bus 122. Communications interface 132 provides a two-way data communications coupling to network link 134 that may be connected, for example, to a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), or directly to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). In particular, network link 134 may provide wired and/or wireless network communications to one or more networks.
Network link 134 in turn provides data communication services through network 102. Network 102 may refer to the worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use a particular protocol, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), to communicate with one another. Network link 134 and network 102 both use electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 134 and through communication interface 132, which carry the digital data to and from computer system 100, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
When implemented as a server system, computer system 100 typically includes multiple communication interfaces accessible via multiple peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus bridges connected to an input/output controller. In this manner, computer system 100 allows connections to multiple network computers.
In addition, computer system 100 typically includes multiple peripheral components that facilitate communication. These peripheral components are connected to multiple controllers, adapters, and expansion slots coupled to one of the multiple levels of bus 122. For example, an audio output device 128 and audio input device 129 are connectively enabled on bus 122 for controlling audio outputs and inputs. A display device 124 is also connectively enabled on bus 122 for providing visual, tactile or other graphical representation formats and a cursor control device 130 is connectively enabled on bus 122 for controlling the location of a pointer within display device 124. A keyboard 126 is connectively enabled on bus 122 as an interface for user inputs to computer system 100. In alternate embodiments of the present invention, additional input and output peripheral components may be added.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware depicted in
With reference now to
CPU 200 sends memory address access requests, typically in the form of a logical or virtual address, which may include a page number and page offset, to a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) 204. In the example, TLB 204 and other components are depicted within a memory management unit 220 outside CPU 200, however, it will be understood that memory management unit 220 may be a component within CPU 200 or an independent component. Further, it will be understood that one method of memory management within a computer system is the use of TLB 204 in conjunction with page tables and translation units, however, in alternate embodiments, alternate memory management infrastructure may be implemented.
TLB 204 stores page numbers and translated frame numbers for previously translated page numbers. In addition, according to the present invention, TLB 204 stores the page key and may store the page protector bit for a page. If the page number in the requested logical address from CPU 200 is located in TLB 204, a TLB hit occurs and the frame number (or physical address) for the page number is accessed from TLB 204. If the page number in the requested logical address is not located in TLB 204, then a TLB miss occurs and translator 202 performs dynamic address translation. In particular, translator 202 accesses page tables 232 and computes the physical address for the page. In addition, the page key and PP for the page are retrieved and stored in TLB 204.
An authority check 210 determines whether the execution context in which a request for access to memory is received is allowed access. For each memory access request, the page key and PP for the requested page are accessed and passed from TLB 204 to authority check 210. Then, authority check 210 determines whether to allow a current execution context to access a page of memory and what type of access to allow by comparing the page key with a hardware protection key set currently loaded into authority mask register (AMR) 214. In addition, authority check 210 determines whether the PP bit is set to allow the requested access. It is important to note that while authority check 210 is depicted as a component of memory management unit 220, the operation of authority check 210 may be performed by CPU 200 or may be performed by an independent controller. Further, it is important to note that while authority check 210 is depicted at the hardware level, authority check 210 may be performed within a software layer, such as a software emulation of a CPU.
In the example, AMR 214 holds a bit vector 216, where bit vector 216 illustrates one structure of a hardware protection key set. In one embodiment, the first half of the bits in bit vector 216 specify the write authority mask and the second half of the bits in bit vector 216 specify the read authority mask. Bits in each half of AMR 214 are indexed by hardware key numbers. For example, a 64-bit vector is designated by 32 hardware key numbers, each mapped to both the write authority mask and the read authority mask. The bit settings of the read hardware key number and write hardware key number of bit vector 216 are searched by a current page key to determine whether a program access is allowed. For example, if the bits of a page key indicate page key "3", then the value in the position of the bit vector indexed to hardware key number "3" is retrieved, depending on whether the request is for a read or write operation. If the value retrieved is a "0", for example, then the request is allowed if also allowed by the PP bit setting, but if the value retrieved is a "1", for example, the request is not allowed regardless of the PP bit setting.
It is important to note that updates to the bit vector loaded in AMR 214 are fast and that updates may be performed as control passes between modules. In particular, software keys are assigned to data objects or specific regions of memory. Modules are assigned sets of software keys by programmers to designate the data objects that each module needs to access. At initialization, the kernel maps each of the assigned software keys to one of the hardware keys. In the example, each software key would be mapped to one of the 32 hardware keys. When the CPU switches modules, a hardware protection key set mapped to from the software key set for the module is loaded into AMR 214. Advantageously, by protecting memory according to the hardware protection key set currently loaded in AMR 214, access to pages can be changed by efficiently changing the value of a bit vector, rather than requiring time consuming adjustments to keys in page table 232 and TLB 204. Further, by protecting memory according to the settings of a hardware protection key set, memory is not limited to hierarchical accesses, but rather any module may be programmed to have access to any data object or set of data objects.
In addition, it is important to note that in the example, memory is defined to assign page keys at a page boundary, or in other words at a page level of granularity. In other embodiments, page keys may be assigned at other levels of granularity. Advantageously, however, by assigning page keys at a page level of granularity, individual pages can be associated with a data object, rather than associating groups of pages with a particular level of a memory hierarchy.
Referring now to
In the example, a selection of the modules depicted includes the modules for a disk driver 302, a virtual memory manager (VMM) 308, and a file system 312. The associated private data objects depicted are a disk table 304, a page table 310 and a buffer cache 314. It will be understood that private data objects may also be shared across multiple components of the kernel. Further, it will be understood that the private data objects are distributed within a flat addresses space.
Multiple software keys may be defined where each software key is assigned to describe a particular data object or memory region. Software keys may be statically defined for an operating system or may be dynamically allocated through an application programming interface (API).
In the example, a software key is assigned to describe each of the data objects. For example, disk table 304 is assigned software key "disk_key", page table 310 is assigned software key "vmm_key", and buffer cache 314 is assigned software key "fs_key". In addition, global memory 320 is assigned software key "gkey". Table 1 illustrates examples of software keys mapped to memory regions accessible to kernel modules.
Data Objects Mapped to Software Keys
Software Key
Data Objects
disk table
page table
file system
Programmers may assign a software key or set of software keys needed by each module. At initialization, the operating system may gather the software keys assigned to modules and map each assigned software key to one of multiple hardware protection keys. In general, there may be more software keys than hardware protection keys, such that the operating system may assign a particular hardware key to multiple software keys that are associated with similar data objects. As a result, each hardware protection key may be associated with a region of memory that includes multiple data objects mapped to multiple software keys. In addition, the operating system may assign page keys to the pages of memory to identify the regions of memory associated with each hardware protection key at a page level granularity.
In one example, Table 2 illustrates the software key to hardware protection key mapping that may be performed. In the example, the "disk_key" and the "fs_key" are both mapped to hardware protection key "1". Thus, the operating system may mark the pages of memory corresponding to the disk table and the file system with a page key that indexes into hardware protection key "1". It is important to note that while the example depicted describes modules of a kernel and the data objects accessed by modules of a kernel, in alternate embodiments, program application modules and the data objects associated with those program application data objects may implement the present invention of mapping software keys to hardware protection keys.
Software Keys Dynamically Mapped to Hardware Protection Keys
Software Key
Hardware protection key
Hardware protection key 1
Hardware protection key 2
Hardware protection key 1
Hardware protection key 3
In addition, at initialization, the operating system may determine the hardware protection key set required by a module. In particular, at initialization, once the software keys are mapped to hardware protection keys, the software key set for each module may be mapped to a hardware protection key set and stored in an initialization table. Table 3 illustrates one example of hardware protection key sets mapped to from the software key sets assigned to each module. In the example, disk driver module 302 is assigned the software key set including "disk_key" and "global_key" that map to hardware protection keys "1" and "3", respectively. Thus, a hardware protection key set for disk driver module 302 indicates the hardware protection keys allowed for the disk driver module are "1" and "3". It will be understood that when loaded into the AMR, the hardware protection key set will include a full bit vector with the positions indexed to hardware protection keys "1" and "3" set to allow access.
Hardware Protection Key Sets mapped for each module
Hardware Protection Key
Software Key Set
Disk Driver
1, 3
1, 2
File System
1, 3
It is important to note that by implementing object-based memory protection, errors that occur in one module can be more easily detected and maintained within the object-based memory region accessed by the module. For example, in an operating system, rather than mapping all the data objects used by the modules of the operating system into a single global address space where problems in one module can easily propagate throughout the global space, each data object is protected at the page level from interference from errors in modules that do not have access to the pages of that data object.
With reference now to
Protection gates are functions that include steps such as those described in
While protection gates are managed by the called module, protection gate wrapping may be added by the operating system or by the programmer. In one embodiment, the operating system may insert the protection gate code around the entry and exit points. In particular, the protection gate code may be inserted either when the module is loaded or when the module is bound. In another embodiment, the protection gate code may be included by the programmer of the module.
Referring now to
Block 508 depicts selecting the page key and PP from the TLB for the virtual address. Next, block 510 depicts a determination whether the page key is allowed access in the AMR. If the page key is not allowed access in the AMR, then the process passes to block 516. Block 516 depicts returning an error and the process ends. Otherwise, at block 510, if the page key is allowed access in the AMR, then the process passes to block 512. Block 512 depicts a determination whether the PP bit allows access. If the PP bit does not allow access, then the process passes to block 516. If the PP bit does allow access then the process passes to block 514. Block 514 depicts allowing a reference to the page at the virtual address for the load or store access requested and the process ends.
With reference now to
Referring now to
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 29, 1991
|Aug 2, 1994
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Data processing apparatus having a real memory region with a corresponding fixed memory protection key value and method for allocating memories therefor
|Jan 31, 1996
|Apr 8, 1997
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for providing token controlled access to protected pages of memory
|May 23, 1996
|Mar 3, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for managing I/O buffers in shared storage by structuring buffer table having entries include storage keys for controlling accesses to the buffers
|Feb 28, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interleaved key memory with multi-page key cache
|Aug 29, 1997
|May 19, 1998
|Willsey; John A.
|Universal sofeware key process
|May 23, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus for protecting storage blocks from being accessed by unwanted I/O programs using I/O program keys and I/O storage keys having M number of bits
|May 23, 1996
|Sep 1, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System for storage protection from unintended I/O access using I/O protection key by providing no control by I/O key entries over access by CP entity
|Dec 13, 1994
|Sep 1, 1998
|Microsoft Corporation
|Method and system for providing secure access to computer resources
|Sep 9, 1994
|Sep 15, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Pending page release
|Dec 23, 1996
|Jun 29, 1999
|Intel Corporation
|Method and apparatus for preloading different default address translation attributes
|May 31, 2001
|Mar 30, 2004
|Oracle International Corporation
|Storage access keys
|Apr 3, 2001
|Dec 13, 2001
|Kern Robert Frederic
|Storage controller conditioning host access to stored data according to security key stored in host-inaccessible metadata
|Oct 31, 2001
|Jun 19, 2003
|Mckee Bret
|Hardware-enforced control of access to memory within a computer using hardware-enforced semaphores and other similar, hardware-enforced serialization and sequencing mechanisms
|Nov 17, 2003
|Sep 2, 2004
|Arm Limited
|Technique for accessing memory in a data processing apparatus
|Aug 2, 1990
|May 8, 1991
|International Business Machines Corporation
|An efficient mechanism for providing fine grain storage protection intervals
|"Dual Bit Key Protects Read Only and Supervisory Control Program Only Writable Storage," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Sep. 1973, pp. 1275-1276, Available At Http://WW. Delphion.COM/tdbs/tdb?o=73C%2001843 as of Feb. 27, 2004.
|"Object Based Storage", White Paper, Intel, Copyright 2003, pp. 1-15.
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 21, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 10, 2014
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 30, 2014
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20140810


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In Adum, in the center of Kumasi – Ghana's second-largest city – an old warehouse…
Artists in Accra are using kiosks to rethink space in the city
Zoom down the Kanda Highway in Accra at night and you might miss the series…
Villy & The Xtreme Volumes
African music icons of previous generations, such as Fela Kuti and Miriam Makeba, were and are well known for their…
Europeans 'rescuing' African art from obscurity again
On April 1st, the Saatchi Gallery in London held a private preview for its new exhibition, Pangaea: New Art from Africa and Latin America, ahead of the five-month long show. Attendees remarked at the variety of art on display and the event was described by many as a resounding success. Following the opening, this article written by Colin Gleadell was published the UK's Telegraph newspaper in which the author begins with hostility.
"An African City," the web series about five single women in Accra, Ghana
For the last few weeks social media has been abuzz with comments about a new web series set in Accra called An African City. The series tells the story of the 'Afropolitan Returnee' and as one viewer aptly put it: it is "Sex and the City meets Americanah where she [the book's protagonist] goes back to Lagos." Though not as finely tuned.
Ghanaian preachers say the darndest things
Ghanaian preachers are attracting international press for peculiar reasons. It is not uncommon the world over for religious figures to wade in on political issues and find themselves considered as a respected authority on a given matter. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, often gave his opinion on social and political affairs and Archbishop Desmond Tutu's disdain for the current incarnation of South Africa's ruling ANC party is well known. Ghanaian preachers are no different. And now, after years of finding (read advertising) themselves in the pages of national newspapers they too have reached the global stage. Albeit for less noble reasons.
Ghana in 2013: Five Lessons Learned
It has been a year since Ghana held presidential and parliamentary elections — elections that…
Futuristic Folklore in James Town, Ghana
The streets were dense. Thick with heat from bodies and the sun, as crowds of people gathered in James Town, Accra last week to take part in this year's Chale Wote street art festival. It is often said that you can't know where you are going until you look at where you came from. That is to say that if you want to create or re-imagine your future consider your past and what could be changed for you to achieve the desired future.


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Click to see the Spooky Legends Master List with links to all the previous posts and giveaways
Today, our Spooky Legends guest is Mette Ivie Harrison. Mette's upcoming release is Tris and Izzie (available October 11th), which is a modern retelling of the German fairytale "Tristan and Isolde". Today's legend surrounds the "Buggy Burrito" urban legend.
Mark and Branna were getting married tomorrow, and Tris and I had come back from Europe for the event. He was at the Bachelor's Party and it was just me and Branna for the Bachelorette Party. I figured we would buy pizza, watch some sappy romantic movies and stay up late, talking about Tris and Mark.
But Branna was waiting with some burritos from a local place.
"I got the green chili one for you, you know the one you like."
Branna and I had been best friends forever, except for a couple of days when things got tricky because she was in love with my boyfriend and well, I wasn't anymore. Long story short: a potion made me do it. I swear! At least I thought it was a potion.
I didn't think anything of her getting me a burrito. She and I figured things out a long time ago. She almost died and then I almost died, and then Mark almost killed me because he was mad. And well, bygones were bygones.
I finished the burrito and Branna got out some chips in a big bowl. We turned on the TV, planning to watch It Happened One Night, a really old black and white romantic comedy that I hadn't seen before that Branna said was the best. But there was a news flash on about the local burrito place and so we kept it on. Branna turned up the volume. The reporter was saying that the police were investigating the burrito place for replacing certain expensive ingredients in their food with cheaper replacements.
"Like putting in TVP instead of ground beef? Big deal," I said.
"Wait a minute," said Branna. They were zooming in on a big vat of green chiles. Only they weren't green chiles. They were dead bugs. And some of them weren't dead.
"Gross!" I said and I stood up, trying to figure out how I could wash my mouth out. I didn't know if I had eaten dead bugs, but it seemed like a good bet that I had.
"I'm really sorry," said Branna. "Izzie, you can't think that I bought that stuff for you on purpose."
I was trying to give her the benefit of the doubt, but it was an effort. I was freaked out and the news reporter was saying that anyone who might have ingested the bugs needed to go to the hospital immediately, because some of the dead bugs were spiders that laid eggs inside of mammals, and we could be a breeding ground for new spiders.
I put my hand on my stomach, trying to feel for baby spider eggs. Then the phone rang. "Izzie, there's a problem at the burger place," said Tris.
"Yeah, I know." Boy did I know. "You didn't eat anything there, did you?" I asked, wondering if Mark and Branna had conspired in this.
"No. But I'm inside the kitchen, Izzie. And the spiders they're talking about on the news? They're not just regular spiders."
"What?" I asked.
"The eggs that they hatch inside of living mammals? They're magical spider eggs. The spiders grow up to be huge. And glowy. And like radioactive or something. We've got to help people here. I think I need to get out Excoriator."
Excoriator was Tris's magical sword.
"Tris, I want you to come to Branna's right now. And bring Excoriator."
"Why? What's wrong?"
"I ate the burritos. With the spiders," I said.
I tried to act calm. I called my mom and asked her if she had any potions she could bring over to deal with magic spiders growing inside me. She said she didn't have anything on hand, but she'd start working on it immediately. Then Tris and Mark showed up. Tris had his sword out and I could feel something happening in my stomach. I could feel creepy, crawlies inside my throat.
"You can't use that sword on Izzie," said Branna, with her hands up. "You'll kill her."
I wasn't sure I cared, as long as the spiders were out.
But Tris's eyes lit up. "I don't have to kill her. The sword calls to them."
The little tiny spiders just walked right out of my stomach, up my throat, and into my mouth, across my tongue and out to Tris's sword. They followed his sword like the Pied Piper or something, and he led them right out to the lake, where they drowned.
"Now I've got to do that for everyone else," said Tris, and he gave me a kiss.
I told Branna I never wanted to eat a burrito again.
In the morning, Tris and Mark managed to arrive on time for the wedding, but they did look a little worse for wear. They'd been up all night, dealing with the spiders. But in the end, Mark and Branna said they were glad they at least had a good story about their wedding to tell. Tris offered to go with them on their honeymoon with Excoriator, you know, just in case, but Mark said that wasn't necessary. Go figure.
My name is pronounced "Metty" like my mother's "Betty." It is Danish, and we were all named after ancestors. I guess by the time they got to number nine (out of eleven), it was getting tricky. So I got the funny Danish name no one knew how to prounounce. In Denmark, it should be "meta" like "metaphysical." It's from the Greek for "pearl." And no, it's not short for anything. Not even Mediterannean.
My first book, THE MONSTER IN ME was accepted for publication in 1999 and was published in 2002. My second book, MIRA, MIRROR was published in 2004. The latest book, THE PRINCESS AND THE HOUND , was published in 2007. A sequel, THE PRINCESS AND THE BEAR, came out in April of 2009.
I now live in Utah with my husband and 5 children, ages 5 to 14. I write during nap time, or at 4 in the morning, or while the broccoli for dinner is burning. Whenever I get a chance. I love to write the kind of books that I love to read. And I love to discover what is going to happen next, just like a reader would. I also do some racing in triathlon.
You can visit Mette abound the web here: Website | Blog | Twitter | Facebook
Want to read more from Mette Ivie Harrison?
Available on October 11, 2011 from Egmont USA
About the Book:
A modern retelling of the German fairytale "Tristan and Isolde", Tris and Izzie is about a young witch named Izzie who is dating Mark King, the captain of the basketball team and thinks her life is going swimmingly well. Until — she makes a love potion for her best friend Brangane and then ends up taking it herself accidentally, and falling in love with Tristan, the new guy at school.
Click HERE to read an excerpt
Pre-Order from
**Don't forget to visit All Things Urban Fantasy today for her Spooky Legends guest blog with M.J. Scott and a chance to win SHADOW KIN**
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PDNB Gallery
Simultaneously with the Dallas Museum of Art's highly anticipated exhibition, "México 1900–1950: Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, José Clemente Orozco, and the Avant-Garde", PDNB Gallery will be exhibiting a special selection of photographs of the influential Mexican Surrealist painter and icon, Frida Kahlo.
The exhibition will highlight the playful and candid portraits of Frida taken by artist and close companion, Lucienne Bloch (1909-1999). By an encounter with the great Mexican muralist, Diego Rivera, Bloch was subsequently introduced to Frida, and the two developed a deep friendship. During Diego's turbulent stay in the United States, Bloch became an important figure in Frida's life, helping her overcome a number of obstacles that would later reflect in the artist's most important paintings. Bloch would also document many of Diego's prominent mural works including "Unity Panel" at the New Workers School in New York, 1933, (included in the exhibition) and the only surviving photographs of the controversial Rockefeller Center mural, which was destroyed in 1934.
Also featured in this exhibition are the vibrant color and black & white photographs of Frida Kahlo by the master photographer and Frida's long time lover, Nickolas Muray (1892-1965). Throughout their ten years on and off affair, Muray would photograph Frida during his visits to Mexico and while she was in New York for her solo exhibition at the Julian Levy Gallery. The images included by Muray reveal the eccentric, colorful and forceful figure that was Frida through both candid moments and studio settings.
The powerful work of the artist, Delilah Montoya (1955), paying homage to Frida, through surrealist and alternative photographic processes will also be featured.
This exhibition will be on view from March 11 – July 15, 2017.
Read more.


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Apartment Building Solutions
Joe's Heating & Air Conditioning, will offer special pricing for preventative maintenance on all your HVAC equipment when servicing multiple units at the same time.
Our technicians out in the field come back with stories about a furnace or air conditioner install and how they corrected the situation and if there is any action that needs to be taken by the homeowner. Joe's will follow up with you to see if we can be of further assistance or make a recommendation.
We are here with solutions.
Call us today!


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Every October, I make it a point to take a walk down Bleecker Street and check out the Ralph Lauren stores, which as far as I'm concerned, have some of the best Halloween displays in the city.
Rather than being goofy or gorey or over the top, they're always done with creativity and great attention to detail. Really dug this year's one…
…featuring a creepy scarecrow in a corn field (wearing a Ralph Lauren suit stuffed with hay, of course). Sorry for the glare – I love the stalks and pumpkins…
But there's something especially unsettling about the scarecrow's face that gives it that special touch. Note the ravens cawing on his shoulders:
There's another interesting display across the street at the second Ralph Lauren store…
When you first see the window, it feels like a nautical setting – a submarine, perhaps?
A beheaded body (a mannequin, of course) has been stuffed in a tarp and chained to anchor, presumably to be thrown overboard.
Various chains and handcuffs hang from the iron walls…
…while rats and mice run all over the body:
Ha, and unless this is an advertisement for the new line of Ralph Lauren canvas body bags, I really appreciate that the set design came first (though I suppose someone might walk by and notice the scarf).
But what exactly happened here? I might be going out on a limb, but if you look in the next window (again, sorry for the glare), you'll see a bunch of sailors, some of whom have clearly gone insane.
Some are wielding weapons, while others have been chained up, most likely to meet the same fate as the body in the first window. My thought? Some folks on a sub went a little stir crazy, and we're seeing the result in mannequin form. Awesome!
Lots of cool little details, like body parts poking out of places…
Love the bloodied fish hook:
More body parts.
Back when I wrote about the window displays in 2009, Ralph Lauren had four stores, each with their own Halloween theme. They're down to three stores, and the third didn't have anything going on. But I definitely liked the old-fashioned electric chair across the way, which has apparently reduced its victim to a pair of hands and the clothes he was wearing.
Here's my Bleecker Street post from 2009 – really can't beat either the ice-fishing skeletons or the brutal mannequin massacre. Know of a really cool Halloween display in New York this year? Let me know so I can check it out before it's gone.
If you enjoyed reading this post, would you consider making a donation to help me make my first movie? The goal is $50,000, and to date, 1,728 Scouting NY readers have donated $36,348! Just $5 or $10 can make a difference - AND you get this snazzy Scouting NY sticker/magnet as a Thank-You gift! Click here to donate today!
And hey, if you've made it this far, why not follow us via RSS, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or Tumblr?


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Nutrisystem dawn zier
Dawn Zier - President, CEO. Mike Monahan - CFO, EVP. Keira Krausz - EVP, CMO.When Dawn Zier became Nutrisystem Inc.'s first female chief. Nutrisystem Inc. (NASDAQ:NTRI) Q2 2014 Earnings Conference Call.Nutrisystem, Inc. (NTRI), a leading provider of weight management products and services, today reported financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2016. Dawn Zier, President and Chief.
Nutrisystem CEO and President Dawn Zier and former White House Chef Sam Kass discuss what can be done to halt the growing obesity epidemic and help more people lose weight and get healthy on.
... Dawn Zier offered her perspective on the positives surroundingBut as Dawn M. Zier explained, both Nutrisystem and her previous employer, Reader's Digest Association Inc., are, at their core, direct-marketing firms. "Nutri System"/.Some possible email formats for Dawn Zier are [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], and.
NutriSystem To Be Sold At. food, diets, walmart, nutrisystem, dan marino.Dan Marino, NFL Hall of Fame Quarterback and Nutrisystem spokesperson and Dawn Zier, CEO of Nutrisystem.Nutrisystem President and CEO Dawn Zier is interviewed with Nutrisystem ambassador Melissa Joan Hart, for Yahoo Finance.Nutrisystem CEO, Dawn Zier & Bloomberg: Driving Growth. Marie Osmond, Nutrisystem Ambassador & Celebrity Coach, Talks Weight Loss.In its quarterly report, look for NutriSystem's new CEO, Dawn Zier, to give her vision on the future of the company and her strategy going forward.Keira and the CEO of Nutrisystem, Dawn Zier, have both been with the company for about two years and in that time they and the terrific team including both.The Company's weight loss solutions include Nutrisystem® My Way®, Fast 5, and Turbo 10, all clinically.
Dawn Zier Nutrisystem
Insider Selling: Nutrisystem Inc. (NTRI) Director Sells $204,750.00 in Stock.Nutrisystem Discount Codes. Use Nutrisystem promotional code SAVE20 to save $20 on any 4-week plan.
Peggy Johnson MicrosoftGreetings, and welcome to the Nutrisystem Third Quarter 2015 Earnings Conference Call.We are excited to announce Dawn Zier, President and CEO of Nutrisystem as our featured speaker.
"We are looking forward to Dawn Zier becoming a member of our board," said Spirit's.We did take after photos the day we filmed our last Nutrisystem Update video and we have the before photos.
"It's a market-expansion opportunity for us" as Nutrisystem builds its previously modest digital platform, Zier said.CEO of Nutri-system Dawn Zier speaks with Pat Farnack about healthy eating and eating for weight loss. www.nutrisystem.com.."While there are many weight loss products in the market, this is really the first of its kind – a true diet jumpstart in a box," explained Dawn Zier, CEO at Nutrisystem.and Nutrisystem Recipes.Nutrisystem's first female CEO Dawn Zier is engineering a business resurgence based on innovation and inspired by consumer.
Nutrisystem Announces Second Quarter 2016 Financial Results. - Business Wire (press release). Dawn Zier, President and Chief Executive Officer, stated, "We are pleased with the.Nutrisystem makes weight loss easier than ever! And with over 150 perfectly portioned® entrees and.Dawn Zier, the CEO who came last year from Reader's Digest Association, believes.Dawn Zier, President and Chief Executive Officer, stated, "The Nutrisystem brand continues to resonate well with customers.Our Fitness 360s are.
Dawn Zier reviews the growth strategy for Nutrisystem and how the company is better aligned following the management transition."While there are many weight loss products in the market, this is really the first of its kind – a true diet jumpstart in a box," explained Dawn Zier, CEO at Nutrisystem.


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Fidelity Gets BB&T's Suit Over $19M Hotel Loan Trimmed
U.S. District Judge Kevin H. Sharp granted summary judgment in favor of Fidelity on several contract claims lodged by BB&T that contend Fidelity should be held liable for the actions of 1st Title Trust Inc. in closing a hotel development...
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Intel Xeon X5472 Quad Core Processor
Intel Xeon X5472 Harpertown Core, 3.00GHz, FSB 1600MHz, 12MB Cache, OEM
performance computing (HPC) systems, new workstations, and new business servers each deliver a unique
combination of technology targeted at specific IT use environments. By selecting a platform that is best
tuned for the most common IT usages, Intel® servers are able to better optimize return on investment while
extending the leading performance and performance-per-watt advantages enjoyed when using Intel's proven
multi-core technology. Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 54002series help provide your data centre or
business with the performance headroom needed to confidently consolidate applications onto fewer systems
using proven virtualization solutions or the compute power necessary for high-performance computing
applications and workstation solutions. Features • Multi-core processing.
• Enhanced Intel® Core™ micro architecture.
• Large 12 MB of on-die L2 Cache (2 x 6 MB).
• Intel® Virtualization Technology4 (Intel® VT).
• Fully Buffered DIMM (FBDIMM) or Native DDR2 Registered DIMM technology support (depending on chipset used).
• Intel® I/O Acceleration Technology (Intel® I/OAT) with next generation improvements.
• Enhanced Front-Side Bus (FSB).
• Intel® 64 Architecture.
|CPU Type
|Intel Xeon
|CPU Model
|Manufacturing Process
|45 nm
|No. of Cores
|Quad Core
|No. of Threads
|Clock Speed
|3.0 GHz
|Turbo Speed
|Turbo Speed (On 1 Core)
|FSB/HT Speed
|Unlocked CPU
|Max. Memory Size
|Max. Memory Speed
|Max. Memory Channels
|ECC Memory Support
|PCIe Lanes Supported
|Processor Graphics
|GPU Cores
|GPU Clock
|L1 Cache
|L2 Cache
|L3 Cache
|Max. TDP
|Thermal Specification
|Not Included, Sold Separately
|Package Type
Please note your statutory rights are not affected.
For further information regarding Scan's warranty procedure please see our terms and conditions
- Duration:
- 12 months
- Type:
- Return to base
- DOA Period:
- 28 days
- RTB Period:
- 12 months
- Manufacturer:
- Scan OEM
- Telephone:
- 0871 472 4747
Additional Notes:
Manufacturer's warranty is reprinted here for your information only. Warranty terms subject to change without notice.
Retail Intel Warranty:
1st year, return to Scan or Intel subject to manufacturer's warranty.
2nd and 3rd year, return to Intel only subject to manufacturer's warranty.
Business hours for phone support: 08:30 - 16:00 (United Kingdom time)
Monday - Friday Tel: 0870 607 2439
Scan Computers International Limited will not be held responsible for any damage due to abnormal use or conditions, misuse, neglect, abuse, accident, improper handling or storage, serial number altered, defaced or removed; or has had the warranty seal on the system altered, defaced or removed, exposure to moisture, unauthorized modifications, alterations, or repairs, improper installation, improper use of any electrical source, undue physical or electrical stress, operator error, non-compliance with instructions.
Date Issued: 1st Jul 2009
Intel's been on a mission of late. That mission revolves around grouping and standardising key technologies under various banners that are designed to ensure hardware compatibility and consumer ease of use. We'll take a closer look at three such technologies that fall under the headings of Centrino, Viiv, and vPro, respectively.
Date Issued: 20th Oct 2008
Over the course of the last year or so we've seen GHz become less of a focus when it comes to processors. Instead, we're seeing a shift towards processors that do more work per clock, have larger caches, are more power efficient, and of course we've seen dual-core processors hit the market. So what is dual-core all about, and how does it weigh up compared to single-core?
Date Issued: 20th Oct 2008
Intel introduced the industry's first quad-core processor for mainstream servers on November 14th, 2006. Codenamed Clovertown, the quad-core 5300-series Xeons are based on Intel's advanced Core microarchitecture and can be implemented in both single- and dual-processor systems.
Date Issued: 20th Oct 2008
It's been a long time since MHz were the only part of a CPU's specification that concerned people. Manufacturers take different approaches to CPU design, even when using the same architecture. That means for example, at the same clock speed, an Intel and AMD processor will deliver different performance.
Date Issued: 20th Oct 2008
What makes a PC tick? Is it the processor, graphics card, RAM, or a plethora of other peripherals. It's all those and more, but none would be much use without a means of connecting said components in an efficient manner. That's where your humble motherboard comes in. Its job is to ensure that all devices can communicate correctly, and the beating heart of any motherboard is the chipset it's based upon.