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BACKGROUND: Adverse outcomes associated with prescription drug use are common and costly. Many adverse outcomes can be avoided through pharmacogenomics: choosing and dosing of existing drugs according to a person's genomic variants. Finding and validating associations between outcomes and genomic variants and developing guidelines for avoiding drug-related adverse outcomes will require further research; however, no data-driven estimates yet exist for the time or money required for completing this research.
METHODS: We identified examples of associations between adverse outcomes and genomic variants. We used these examples to estimate the time and money required to identify and confirm other associations, including the cost of failures, and to develop and validate pharmacogenomic dosing guidelines for them. We built a Monte Carlo model to estimate the time and financial costs required to cut the overall rate of drug-related adverse outcomes by meaningful amounts. We analyzed the model's predictions for a broad range of assumptions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our model projected that the development of guidelines capable of cutting overall drug-related adverse outcomes by 25%–50% with current approaches will require investment of single-digit billions of dollars and take 20 years. The model forecasts a pump-priming phase of 5–7 years, which would require expenditures of hundreds of millions of dollars, with little apparent return on investment. The single most important parameter was the extent to which genomic variants cause adverse outcomes. The size of the labor force was not a limiting factor. A "50 000 Pharmacogenomes Project" could speed progress. Our approach provides a template for other areas of genomic research.
Genomic research is widely expected to transform medicine but progress has been slower than expected (1, 2). To critics, delays represent broken promises and a sign that at least some of the money spent on genomic research might be better spent elsewhere (3–5). To proponents, the pace simply underscores the complexity of the relationship between genetics and disease and argues, if anything, for increased funding (6, 7). Thus far, these competing points of view have been based on qualitative predictions. An alternative basis is quantitative modeling. Quantitative modeling is already used to inform opinions on everything from presidential elections to the weather (8, 9). Through the use of technological forecasting methods (10, 11), modeling can similarly be applied to genomics to help set expectations and inform investment and other decisions.
Within genomics an area that has begun to affect clinical practice is pharmacogenomics: choosing and dosing of prescription drugs according to a person's genomic variants (12, 13). Pharmacogenomics has a special bearing on clinical chemistry and molecular pathology, because these services measure drug levels and perform diagnostic genetic tests (14). Years of research and growing clinical experience provide data for modeling in pharmacogenomics, and problems related to prescription drugs are common. For these reasons, we chose pharmacogenomics as our area of investigation.
Prescription drugs are the mainstay of modern medicine but often fail to work as intended. For example, of the 30 million Americans who take aspirin to prevent stroke or heart disease, one quarter experience treatment failure in the form of aspirin resistance (15, 16); of 60 million who take statins to lower cholesterol, 3 million experience muscle pain, increased liver enzymes, or rhabdomyolysis as side effects that can lead to nonadherence and thereby to problems related to hypercholesterolemia (16, 17). Treatment failure and side effects lead to adverse drug events, which are defined as injuries due to drug-related medical intervention (18). These events affect 1 in 5 outpatients and 1 in 11 inpatients (19) and cost $80 billion per year in the US alone (20). Lowering rates of treatment failure and side effects—collectively, drug-related adverse outcomes—is thus a meaningful target for clinical improvement (6, 21–25).
Preventable causes of adverse events—drug nonadherence, drug–drug interactions, and medical error—constitute only a fraction of the total (19). Of the 80% of outpatient adverse drug events and nearly half of inpatient events currently considered nonpreventable, a majority are thought to be caused by genomic variation (19, 26, 27). For example, many patients on warfarin, an anticoagulant used by 30 million Americans, experience unintended bleeding because of variation among individuals in dosing requirements (28, 29). Two thirds of this variability can be explained by single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a set of 6 genes; the total percent attributable risk estimated for this adverse outcome is 77% (26). Genetic screening for variants in genes of the major histocompatibility complex in HIV-positive patients taking the reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir almost completely avoids potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions (30).
Conceptually, modeling the research investment required to learn how to avoid adverse outcomes is straightforward, as in the following equation: In practice, care must be taken not to oversimplify by ignoring: (a) variability in the cost per association, the number of associations per adverse outcome, and so on; (b) limitations imposed by the percent attributable risk due to genomics; and (c) potentially hidden factors such as the cost of research failures. In modeling the amount of time required, similar care must be taken to account for potential limitations imposed by, for example, the size of the available work force. Monte Carlo models address such variability by sampling at random from the raw data—e.g., from the set of costs per association for different associations—instead of using averages. Other pitfalls can be avoided through careful compilation of data and choosing realistic goals to model—e.g., reducing the rate of adverse outcomes by less than the maximum percentage attributable to genomics.
In pharmacogenomics, several associations between germline genetic variants and adverse outcomes are in advanced stages of clinical investigation. For these associations, the incidence of the adverse outcome, the frequency of the associated variant in clinical populations, and the percent attributable risk of each variant for its associated adverse outcome are all known. To build a simple Monte Carlo model for discovering additional associations, we used these data, the timeline of the associations' discovery and confirmation, the cost of this work, and the number of people taking the most common prescription drugs. We used this approach to model the time and financial resources required to gain the knowledge necessary to cut the overall incidence of drug-related adverse outcomes by meaningful amounts—e.g., by half.
Conceptually, the model follows the outline of the equation presented above. We considered the broad class of associations that involve germline, as opposed to somatic (tumor), bacterial, or viral, genetic variants. Following standard requirements for translation of biomedical discoveries into clinical use (6, 31), we took the starting and end points of the process to be the discovery of relevant variants and the validation of the utility of clinical guidelines, respectively. The process consisted of 4 steps: discovery of a candidate association, confirmation of the association in a large clinical cohort, trialing a guideline for using the association to decrease the incidence of the adverse outcome, and confirming the guideline's utility in a large clinical cohort. Upstream discoveries (e.g., discovery of the cytochrome P450 system) and infrastructural investments (such as contributions to the SNP Consortium) were considered outside the process, because the money for them has already been allocated or spent.
As data for our model, we selected 8 associations involving 6 prescription drugs: clopidogrel, warfarin, escitalopram, carbamazepine, the nicotine-replacement patch, and abacavir; and 1 drug class, the statin class of anticholesterol drugs (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) represented by atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin (Table 1; see Table S1 in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this article at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol59/issue4). We initially based our selection of associations on strength of evidence (32) and the number of patients who use the drug (see Supplementary Methods in the online Data Supplement). We then modified the list to ensure representation of a range of drug indications and mechanisms. For each association, we searched Medline for primary reports that documented each step of the process described above (see Table S1 and Supplemental References in the online Data Supplement). When multiple reports described substantially similar results in the same year, we considered both reports for each step. In cases for which no clinical validation existed, we included no report for that step. From government-compiled salary and other financial information and bibliometric analysis (see Supplementary Methods and Fig. S1 in the online Data Supplement), we calculated the total cost of producing each report (including salary, fringe benefits, indirect costs, and supplies) as being proportional to the number of coauthors at a mean of $35 000–$50 000 per coauthor's contribution. When hundreds of collaborators were named besides the coauthors, we counted only the authors. Note that because we calculated the cost of a coauthor's contribution by first calculating the cost of a coauthor per year and then dividing by that coauthor's productivity in terms of published reports, the cost of "failure"—research that does not lead to published work or leads to work that does not confirm findings—is included in this cost (see Supplementary Methods in the online Data Supplement).
We estimated the time required for each step as the number of years between reports for each step (see Table S2 in the online Data Supplement). We estimated the time required for the first step as the median number of years since the most recent pertinent research reports cited by the first-step report (defined as those cited in the introduction of the first report; see Table S3 in the online Data Supplement). In the 2 cases in which named clinical trials completed enrollment in 2011, we set a date of 2012 for the last step of the process we have described above (see legend to Table S2 in the online Data Supplement). As with the cost of failure, this method includes the time spent performing "nonproductive" research.
Because initial and smaller reports tend to overstate effects (33), we used the confirmatory report (or a subsequent metaanalysis, when available) to record each association's percent attributable risk for its adverse outcome (Table 1). For each drug, we used product inserts, US Food and Drug Administration safety information, and Medline to determine its adverse-outcome profile, which was defined as the frequencies of treatment failure and side effects documented to lead to drug nonadherence or discontinuation (Fig. 1; see Table S4 and Fig. S3 in the online Data Supplement). We considered 60% as a conservative estimate of the maximum incidence that genetic guidelines can prevent, because this percentage is substantially less than the 83% of outpatient adverse drug events considered nonpreventable (19) and possibly genetic and is less than the 77% of the warfarin dose variation thought to be due to genetic causes (26). Nevertheless, we explored a large range of values in our simulations (30%–77%).
From PharmGKB (34) we estimated that candidate associations have already been discovered for adverse outcomes that account for 5% of all drug-related adverse outcomes (the first of our 4-step process). We took this as a starting point.
We assigned adverse-outcome profiles to drugs at random from the model (Fig. 1; see Figs. S2 and S3 and Table S4 in the online Data Supplement). For example, if a particular drug were assigned abacavir's adverse-outcome profile at random, that drug's most common adverse outcome would be modeled as affecting approximately 8% of its users, because abacavir's most common adverse outcome affects approximately 8% of abacavir users; its second-most common adverse outcome would be modeled as affecting approximately 3%, the same as for abacavir; and so on. We took this approach on the assumption that the adverse-outcome profiles of the drugs in our model are representative of drugs as a whole. This approach was an alternative to attempting to compile profiles for every prescription drug. Summing over all drugs yielded the total incidence of adverse outcomes.
Next, for each adverse outcome we assigned a percent attributable risk due to a genetic association (Table 1). For example, for an adverse outcome that affects 10% of the users of a given drug, the percent attributable risk for a given genetic association might be taken to be 12% in the model (Fig. 2). This means that this genetic association explains 12% of the incidence of this adverse outcome; therefore, choosing or dosing of this drug according to the presence or absence of this variant would produce a 1.2% (i.e., 12% × 10%) decrease in adverse outcomes for this drug.
A cost and timeline for each step in the process of discovering and validating the association was assigned, again at random (see Table S2 in the online Data Supplement). These several steps were repeated, summing costs, until the total risk for this adverse outcome reached the maximum incidence that genetic guidelines were taken to be able to prevent (see above).
Sums for additional drugs and adverse outcomes were added to the total until the total incidence of adverse outcomes was accounted for (i.e., to model the goal of halving the overall incidence of drug-related adverse outcomes). The result of this addition is the cost and timeline for the research required to halve drug-related adverse outcomes overall (Fig. 3). For statistical confidence, we repeated each simulation 1000 times (we note that means and SDs changed little beyond 100 repetitions). We confirmed that the labor force would not be a limiting factor for carrying out the required research and therefore would not affect the timeline (see Supplementary Methods and Fig. S4 in the online Data Supplement).
We performed sensitivity analysis by varying key parameters. Specifically, we varied the cost per coauthor (from $35,000 to $50,000) and the maximum incidence that genetic guidelines can prevent (for the goal of halving adverse outcomes, from the 60% of the base case to the 77% estimated for warfarin; this corresponds to 60/83 = 72% to 77/83 = 93% of the incidence of drug-related adverse outcomes that are currently considered nonpreventable) and by removal of each single profile in turn from the model and repeating the simulation. We used 2 SDs above and below the most- and least-expensive estimates, respectively, to establish overall 95% CIs for the model. We then similarly explored a wider range of maximum incidence/percent attributable risk (30%–70%) for the more modest goal of cutting drug-related adverse outcomes by 25%.
As a basis for our analysis we selected 8 drug–gene associations involving 7 adverse outcomes from the fields of cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, and infectious disease (Table 1). These included 5 of the 7 strongest associations identified by expert survey (32): VKORC14 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1) and warfarin-induced bleeding; CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9) and warfarin-induced bleeding; HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) and abacavir-induced hypersensitivity; CYP2C19 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19) and cardiac events due to clopidogrel resistance; and HLA-B and carbamazepine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome. One association—between statin-induced myopathy and SLCO1B1 (solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1)—involved several drugs (pravastatin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin) from a single class.
All adverse outcomes were defined by clinical rather than laboratory findings (e.g., warfarin-associated bleeding as opposed to fraction of the time the international normalized ratio was outside the therapeutic range). Frequencies of adverse outcomes ranged from 2.7% (abacavir hypersensitivity) to 85% (return to smoking within 12 weeks of the nicotine-replacement patch). All associations involved a specific allele or alleles rather than copy number variants or other types of genomic variation. Carrier frequencies ranged from 5.6% (HLA-B*5701) to 64% (VKORC1) in the studied populations. One association—between postpatch return to smoking and the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene—was with a homozygous state, not a carrier state. The percent attributable risk due to the carrier state (or to the homozygous state for smoking and COMT) ranged from 2.3%—for the relationship of HTR2A [5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled] single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs2224721 and rs9316233 to the lack of response to escitalopram)—to 100% (HLA-B*5701 in abacavir-induced hypersensitivity and HLA-B*1502 in carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity). There were inverse correlations between percent attributable risk and carrier frequency [r2 = 0.57 for linear regression; bootstrap for single outliers r2 = 0.58 (SD, 0.10)] and between percent attributable risk and adverse-outcome frequency [r2 = 0.71 (SD, 0.07) for log-linear regression; Fig. 2]. Thus, more of the attributable risk was due to rare alleles than to common ones, especially for rarer adverse outcomes. We accounted for this in the model (see Supplementary Methods in the online Data Supplement).
A literature search yielded 29 reports that described the shortest necessary chains of evidence for discovering and validating each of these associations (see Supplementary Materials in the online Data Supplement). These reports covered a mean of 5225 patients per association (range, 1335–21 171). Clinical guidelines were reported for 6 of the 8 associations. Only 1 association—between abacavir-induced hypersensitivity and HLA-B*5701—had a guideline validated as useful for decreasing the incidence of the associated adverse outcome in clinical practice. Three other associations—VKORC1 and warfarin-induced bleeding, CYP2C9 and warfarin-induced bleeding, and CYP2C19 and cardiac events due to clopidogrel resistance—have trials under way that could validate proposed guidelines (NCT01119300, NCT01006733, NCT01305148, and NCT00995514; see http://clinicaltrials.gov). Two of these trials closed in 2011. For the model, we assumed that reports validating these guidelines will appear before the end of 2012.
We found that the research investment necessary to develop guidelines capable of cutting drug-related adverse outcomes in half will require a research investment of $1.5 billion to $6 billion and take approximately 20 years (Fig. 3). This investment includes the cost and time spent on unpublished and nonconfirmatory findings.
The single most important determinant of total cost was the overall percent attributable risk due to genomics: the extent to which and manner in which genomic variants are responsible for adverse outcomes. At the top of the range (77%), the total cost was approximately $2 billion; for a more conservative number (60%), the cost was $5 billion to $6 billion. The reason: the higher the percent attributable risk, the larger the role genomics plays, and therefore the more high-impact associations there are likely to be, given the frequencies of the associations already found. Conversely, the smaller the role of genomics, the more rare associations will have to be found and confirmed to cut adverse outcomes in half, at a higher overall cost. Given this dependence, we also explored much lower percent attributable risk in the context of the more modest, but still substantial, goal of cutting drug-related adverse outcomes by 25%. We again found costs in the range of single-digit billion dollars (Table 2).
By contrast, the total cost was much less dependent on the cost per coauthor and thus on the cost for producing each report. Bootstrapping by removing individual known associations from the model and repeating the simulation changed the dollar amount by <20% and the timeline by only about a year.
We projected that most of the research investment—$1.5 billion to $3 billion at $250 million to $500 million per year—will need to come well before most guidelines appear (Fig. 3). This is because the first 3 steps in the research process require time and have financial costs, but only completion of the fourth step leads to a clinically actionable guideline. Thus, by 2017 as much as $3 billion will have been invested as "pump priming," with only a few validated guidelines to show for it. Only in the ensuing 7 to 8 years will this investment pay off with the appearance of the bulk of the necessary guidelines, making possible a substantial reduction in adverse outcomes between 2018 and 2025.
We found that the number of researchers in pharmacogenomics and related areas has grown exponentially since 1980 (r2 = 0.95–0.96; see Fig. S4 in the online Data Supplement) resulting in an estimated 15 424–30 584 researchers by the end of 2012. At a mean of 13.4 authors per report (see Fig. S1 and Supplementary Methods in the online Data Supplement), the labor force is sufficient to produce the needed guidelines without requiring further growth in the number of researchers. Thus, the labor force does not need to continue to grow at the observed rate to achieve the stated goal in the stated time; it simply must not shrink.
Quantitative modeling has become a standard tool for planning and for setting expectations in many fields, from politics to meteorology. Here we apply it to genomics—specifically pharmacogenomics—to estimate the time and financial investment required to use genomics to substantially reduce the rate of drug-related adverse outcomes. These adverse outcomes currently cost the healthcare system tens of billions of dollars each year and are potentially low-lying fruit for genomic medicine. After testing a range of situations, we estimate the total cost will be in the single-digit billions of dollars, front-loaded but spread out over approximately 20 years. Specifically, we expect a total cost of ≤$6 billion. This cost includes the cost of failures and unpublished work but excludes the work of implementing guidelines and the (rapidly falling) costs of sequencing.
The single most important factor influencing cost in our model is the extent to which genetics contributes to drug-related adverse outcomes, measured as the percentage of drug-related adverse outcomes that can be traceable to genomic variants. Research suggests that 60% is a reasonable estimate. We found that as the percentage falls even modestly, the cost increases sharply. If genomics' contribution is <50% on average, halving adverse outcomes through genomics is not feasible. However, our model also lets us estimate the cost required for smaller-scale goals, such as a 25% reduction in drug-related adverse outcomes (approximately $0.5 billion to $3 billion; Table 2). The major assumption is that the measurements of drugs and associations investigated thus far are representative of pharmacogenomics as a whole. Better estimates of the contribution of genomics would be useful.
We find the most important bottleneck is the discovery and confirmation of candidate associations between genetic variants and adverse outcomes. To date, this task has been a slow, iterative process. In principle the process could be accelerated by studying several thousand people taking each of the 40–50 (Fig. 4) most-used prescription drugs (epidemiologic and statistical studies would be needed to determine the precise number of drugs and the number of patients necessary to ensure representation of the most common adverse outcomes across ethnicities). Because the time scale of many adverse outcomes is only days to months, the time scale for such a project would be set by the time required to raise funds, to build a consortium, to identify and register participants, and to collect, analyze, and interpret samples. A "50 000 Pharmacogenomes Project" would be a nontrivial undertaking. But in the spirit of the 1000 Genomes Project, UK10K (35), or the Million Veteran Program, it would have the potential to represent an improvement (36) that would disrupt today's process (which we have modeled) and thereby save time and money.
Numbers invite comparisons. Six billion dollars represents an annualized 4% of the NIH's 2011 budget (37), 2% of the pharmaceutical industry's 2011 research budget (38), and 0.2% of the 2009 payments made by US private health insurers (39). Our 20-year timeline is consistent with qualitative forecasts by the National Human Genome Research Institute that genomics will produce some advances in the science of medicine before 2020 but many more thereafter (6). Finally, $6 billion over 20 years is comparable to the cost and timeline for developing just 4 to 5 new drugs from scratch (40). Whether the benefit of developing guidelines is worth $1.5–$6 billion, if so, who should pay (government, insurers, hospitals, industry); and if not, what process improvements would change that are open questions.
Genomics is maturing. As the fruits of research enter clinical care, predictions become easier. Our model is not the last word but, we hope, the start of a conversation and an illustration of the value of quantitative modeling in genomics. Modeling for cancer genomics, metagenomics, and heritable conditions will soon be possible. Such models should help decision makers and the public set expectations and priorities for translating genomic research into better patient care.
The authors thank G. Horowitz and W. Slack for helpful conversations.
↵4 Human genes:
- vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1;
- cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9;
- major histocompatibility complex, class I, B;
- cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19;
- solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1;
- catechol-O-methyltransferase;
- 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled.
(see editorial on page 592)
Author Contributions: All authors confirmed they have contributed to the intellectual content of this paper and have met the following 3 requirements: (a) significant contributions to the conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; (b) drafting or revising the article for intellectual content; and (c) final approval of the published article.
Authors' Disclosures or Potential Conflicts of Interest: Upon manuscript submission, all authors completed the author disclosure form. Disclosures and/or potential conflicts of interest:
Employment or Leadership: None declared.
Consultant or Advisory Role: None declared.
Stock Ownership: None declared.
Honoraria: None declared.
Research Funding: R. Arnaout, Klarman Family Foundation.
Expert Testimony: None declared.
Patents: None declared.
Role of Sponsor: The funding organizations played no role in the design of study, choice of enrolled patients, review and interpretation of data, or preparation or approval of manuscript.
- Received for publication November 12, 2012.
- Accepted for publication November 30, 2012.
- © 2013 The American Association for Clinical Chemistry


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Is a self managed super fund (SMSF) right for you?
A self managed super fund (SMSF) can be a great way to manage your retirement savings, but while there are many benefits to establishing an SMSF, there are also a number of considerations to be aware of.
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It is a good idea to enlist help to establish and manage an SMSF. Even if you plan to do the majority of the work yourself, you will still require an independent auditor and possibly an accountant and actuary. Many trustees also look to professional SMSF support services for assistance with administration, compliance, accounting and investment advice.
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If you decide to establish an SMSF, you will need to choose between setting up a corporate trustee or using an individual trustee. You should speak to a professional advisor about the benefits and limitations of both structures and what is most appropriate for you.
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The King of Clubs! This is the final card design for this deck – Alice Of Wonderland Playing Cards, Gold & Silver Editions. The King of Clubs oversees that the natural order of things is in balance. The king commands all the large wild beasts of the forests of Wonderland, and is protector of all
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Last week I published a map of the number of vegetarian restaurants per 1 million inhabitants in Europe, and I thought it would be interesting to take a look at the other side of the coin as well, and what could be more "opposite" to being vegetarian than hamburgers at McDonald's?
The map is based on an article on Wikipedia that lists the number of McDonald's outlets by country. It is interesting, but perhaps not surprising, that the number is higher in wealthier countries than in less wealthy Eastern European countries.
What could be rather surprising is the number for France, which is among the highest in Europe. Even though the French are stereotyped as a nation of gourmets, they enjoy their fast food as much as other European nations.
The underlying blank map was made by Tindo and licensed from fotolia.com. If you want to share the map, please share a link to this webpage instead of sharing just a picture.


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POTEAU, OH (WCMH) – An Oklahoma police officer went above the call of duty, adopting a young boy who he helped save from a child abuse situation.
Patrolman Jody Thompson met his son under extreme circumstances in 2015, KFSM reported.
His son, 10-year-old John Thompson was bound and put in a barrel by his biological parents, investigators said.
John Thompson broke free, and Officer Thompson took him to the hospital and waited by his side in the ICU.
Officer Thompson and his wife adopted John, who now has the same last name as the officer who saved him.
John said his dad is the reason he's here right now.
John's biological mother gave birth to a baby girl while in jail. The Thompson family is also taking care of her.


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Liberty Tries To Revive $1B AIG Workers' Comp Suit
Liberty filed a new complaint Monday in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, alleging claims similar to those in the original complaint, filed in 2007, which said AIG's underreporting caused $1 billion in damages.
The suit was originally filed by the National Council...
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Te Ohanga Village offers short term accommodation to Massey University students studying via distance if they are required to come to Auckland for a block course.
The rooms we offer are situated within Weka Hall (Halls of Residence). Find out about Weka Hall rooms.
Linen is provided for short term stays which includes bedding sheet, duvet, blanket, pillow and pillow case.
Meals can be purchased on a casual basis from our dining hall, Food for Thought, situated in Student Central and open from 7am to 7pm.
Email Residential Services: email@example.com or phone +64 9 213 6555
Accommodation must be booked and paid for in advance.
Each bedroom has a:
Limited parking is available in the car park.
The Residential Services office staff provide information on accommodation, accounts and general queries. The office is located at:
Campus Living, Massey University
Gate 1, 151 Dairy Flat Highway
Ph: +64 9 213 6555
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Page authorised by Albany Regional Registrar
Last updated on Monday 25 September 2017
Massey Contact Centre Mon - Fri 8:30am to 5:00pm 0800 MASSEY (+64 6 350 5701) TXT 5222 firstname.lastname@example.com Web chat Staff Alumni News Māori @ Massey


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Ikaruga for Nintendo GameCube
Originally released in Japanese arcades in 2001, Treasure's Ikaruga steers its way onto GameCube as the system's first vertical scrolling shooter. While inspired by traditional games in the genre, Ikaruga sets itself apart by doing away with power-ups and featuring the unusual element of absorbing certain types of enemy fire. As Shinra, the lone hope for mankind's salvation, players must travel across five levels of futuristic laser-blasting action to save the universe from an evil ruler named Tenro Horai. One of Ikaruga's key features is the ship's ability to switch between two distinct forms: light and dark. Enemies also appear in both light and dark forms.
To make it through each level unscathed, players can absorb the energy of same-colored enemies while avoiding incoming fire from the opposing color. Players can also switch between forms at any time during the game. Storing absorbed energy allows players to activate homing lasers that are more powerful than the default blasters. Completing a stage reveals a ranking screen based on points and combos, with the latter achieved by destroying three or more similar-colored enemies in one shot. The GameCube version adds multiple difficulty levels as well as bonuses in the form of artwork, additional modes, and more. Two players can also team up together for simultaneous shooting action.
Other notable features include a demo mode that players can watch to learn how to complete certain stages to attain a perfect rating as well as passwords that let players post their high scores to the official web site at www.ikaruga-atari.net. Display options offer a vertical, horizontal, or letterboxed view. The letterbox setup has black bars on the left and right of the playfield to show more of the screen along the top and bottom. The vertical display reduces the screen's length by stretching the environment on both sides to fill the entire television screen. The horizontal option simply flips the display so the action is moving from left to right instead of from bottom to top.


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FR 28i: OMB no. 7100-0181 Average hours per response 5 minutes Approval expires October 31, 2017
I. The Board's economics divisions study a wide range of topics, including but not limited to the following broad areas of economic analysis and policy:
Many qualified Research Assistant candidates have no clear preference among the many areas of research done at the Board; however, for those who do, indicating such could be helpful to finding the best fit among the many different groups hiring research assistants. Please rank order the top 3, with 1 being the top, those broad areas of analysis that you are most interested in pursuing, or choose "no clear preference":
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PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT NOTICEThis survey of interests is authorized by law [12 U.S.C. §§ 244 and 248(1)].
Public reporting burden for this survey of interests is estimated to average five minutes per response. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this survey of interests, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Secretary, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, N.W., Washington, DC 20551; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (7100-0181), Washington, DC 20503.


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I had to make a decision pretty fast not long ago. I could either move to the east coast with my parents or I could stay in Salt Lake City and live on my own. My parents were heading off for a new adventure in the form of a new job for my dad. They were selling their home to a good friend of theirs, which meant I either had to move with them or find my own place. I started looking at apartments for Salt Lake City because I had a great job myself, plus I did not want to leave my boyfriend.
We were not living together at the time, but I had a feeling he was going to propose to me sooner rather than later. I figured if I got a nice apartment, the two of us would be able to live there together once I had a ring on my finger. I was surprised when I looked at the different apartments available. There was one not far from where I worked, and I wanted to see it in person before I decided if it was the place for me.
What really helped me was having my parents go with me to look it over. My dad made sure that everything I would need was there, and my mom helped me decorate it before they left. Yes, I did get the apartment, and it was a bittersweet moment. I know that my future holds so much for me, but I am going to miss my parents. It does help that I got a two bedroom unit, which means they can come back as often as they want to visit me and their friends here. As for me, I am starting to get to know others around the complex, and I am finding out that it can be pretty fun being so independent!


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Published on December 21st, 2015 | by Craig Forshey0
Tap Heavy Micro Quest Tales Of Clicker Knights RPG Hits Android
The burgeoning clicker RPG sub-genre has gotten a neat new additional variation titled Tales Of Clicker Knights RPG that enhances core clicker mechanics without sacrificing simplicity. Created in a joint development venture between Zemat Studio and PlayPlayFun, Tales Of Clicker Knights RPG adds much needed contemporary staples to this style of game such as a party system, rudimentary battle mechanics, and character job classes which all in turn help to keep the player engaged. When its squad customization is taken into account alongside such features as swappable special abilities and a nostalgia inducing facsimile of Final Fantasy's "Active Time Battle System", where players must attack enemies before their timer bar depletes, Tales Of Clicker Knights RPG clearly has more to offer than your average clicker RPG. Micro-RPG aficionados will certainly want to check this one out.


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My awesome friend found this medicine cabinet sitting on the curb and snagged it for me. She knows about my love for free furniture. Do I have any idea what I'm going to do with it? No, not really. Am I excited about it any way? Of course!
It's not as big as it looks. The width is about the size of a standard medicine cabinet, maybe a little wider. And the length is probably about four feet.
It doesn't look like it would be too difficult to hang on the wall. Maybe I could just set the shabby shelf on top of a dresser? I'm really not sure. I need your ideas!
Tell me what you think I should do with it? I need some creative inspiration. Please oh-please drop me an idea in the comments…
Keep up with Red Leaf Style!
Follow Red Leaf Style author Kirsten Hudson on Twitter @kirsten_hudson, Google+ and Pinterest.
This is the twenty fifth post in a 31 days blog series called 31 Days of Reimagining. Start from the beginning.


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Revus Acquires Palace Exploration
Revus Energy has signed an agreement with Palace Exploration Company to acquire 100% of the shares of its UK subsidiary Palace Exploration Company (UK) Ltd. The total purchase price is US$258 million. Following this transaction Revus is in a position to expand its exploration plans to also include a wider program on the UKCS.
Through this transaction, Revus will increase its current production by approximately 160% and reserves and contingent resources base by approximately 40%. Total reserves and contingent resources acquired are 23.7 mmbbl of which 14.4 mmbbl are classified as reserves. The resource potential of the exploration portfolio will increase by approximately 12 per cent.
The CEO of Revus Energy, Harald Vabo says: "This is an ideal opportunity for Revus to build a substantial position on the UKCS. After we announced our intention to target acquisition opportunities on the UKCS, we have patiently been looking for opportunities like this. The Palace acquisition will provide us with an attractive production base providing the cash flow and tax shelter to support investment in further growth projects. The position also provides attractive potential ranging from near term development candidates and appraisal projects to pure exploration. The Company's current production will increase to approximately 7,000 boepd in 2008 at the same time as the portfolio of growth projects has been further increased and diversified."
Palace is a privately owned US company holding E&P assets on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS). The principal asset in the UK portfolio is a 29% interest in the currently producing Broom field (4,000 boepd net to Palace). In addition the company owns 29% in the SW Heather discovery, 50% in the recently announced Scolty discovery and interests in a total of 14 exploration licenses covering 28 blocks.
Palace's interest in the Broom field includes estimated remaining reserves of 14.4 mmbbls from existing and future wells with current net production of approximately 4,000 bopd. An infill well into the main field segment is due to spud imminently and this is expected to further increase the production. Further development drilling on Broom is expected to take place over the next couple of years. The field is operated by Lundin Petroleum (55%) and is a sub sea development tied back to the Heather platform, which is also operated by Lundin Petroleum (100%). The Broom field was discovered in 1977 and was brought on production in 2004.
The Southwest Heather discovery was made in 1979 and includes net contingent resources of 4.4 mmbbls. An appraisal well is planned in 2008 and if this is positive the field could be developed as a tie back to Heather with an expected production start in 2011. In Revus' opinion the SW Heather has a large upside potential given the currently expected recovery rate of only 14%.
Palace's exploration portfolio includes interest in 14 licenses with a preliminary estimated net remaining risked resource potential of 34 mmboe. The company is currently in the middle of a drilling campaign and so far results have been reported from two wells. The first well (Lytham) was reported dry with gas shows whereas the second well reported a 10mmbbl Paleocene discovery (Scolty) in which Palace owns 50 per cent. At present the company is participating in the drilling of the Ridgewood prospect in block 12/17 (operated by Lundin), and plans exist to participate in at least one more exploration well in 2008. Palace is partly carried in these wells covering net cost to the company of US$14 million.
Revus plans to fund the transaction through an underwritten debt facility with Royal Bank of Scotland of US$150 million. The remaining part of the acquisition sum will be financed through a combination of current cash, existing debt facility and new equity. The Company has engaged First Securities ASA and SEB Enskilda ASA to act as joint lead advisors in the process to raise the new equity.
Palace has no employees who will follow the transfer. In an initial phase Revus plans to manage the assets from it's headquarter in Stavanger. The board of Palace UK will resign in connection with completion of the transaction and the board members are not granted any benefits nor has any agreements in relation to their resignation been entered into. Chairman of Revus Energy ASA, Dr. Andrew Armour comments: "The Palace acquisition and our recent exploration successes represent significant added value for the Company in 2007. The combination of an attractive and diversified asset base with an active ongoing drilling program, a strong cash position and balance sheet and the company's organizational qualities, gives me confidence in its ability to continue to add value to shareholders."
The effective date of the transaction is 1st of July 2007 with expected completion to take place in Q1 2008. The transaction is subject to approval by The Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, (formerly DTI) and Revus confirming that the Company has sufficient committed funds available for payment of the purchase price.
- StatoilHydro Makes Small Gas Discovery at Canon Prospect (Apr 30)
- RWE Confirms Successful Luno Appraisal Test, Field Extension (Jan 30)
- Spring Energy Snags Stake in North Sea Production License (Jan 28)
Company: Palace Exploration Company more info
- Revus Completes Acquisition of Palace Exploration for $258 Million (Feb 28)
- Revus Completes NOK 438 Million Private Placement (Dec 14)
- Revus Acquires Palace Exploration (Dec 05)


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Selecting a Forex broker can be a difficult task. There are many factors that go into selecting the right broker for your trading account. It might sound as simple as selecting the broker who offers the tightest spread and the highest leverage, but much more should go into the decision making process. Below are 6 things you should consider before opening an account with a broker.
The Trader's Advocate - A Blog for FX Traders
As a Forex Introducing Broker, the question we get asked the most by our clients is, "which is the best FX broker?" Much to the chagrin of our clients, the answer is "it depends."


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Union Urges Court To Block RG Steel Employee Payments
The United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, which represents more than 3,500 steelworkers laid off after RG Steel filed for bankruptcy in May, said there was no basis for the court to approve the company's...
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Alibaba Clone Script: Latest B2C Platform Released by Eagle's Team
Marketing automation software company Alibaba Clone Script is making a major push into the b-to-c space, spying an opportunity to tap into consumer marketers' desire to stay engaged with customers.
Long essential to b-to-c marketers, marketing automation platforms such as Amazon, ebay, flipkart, Indiamart are used to monitor performance of marketing campaigns and leads, helping companies prioritize prospects based on their engagement.
But in a recent interview with Ad Age, Eagle Technosys said its Alibaba Clone Script b-to-c customers will make up its firm's business by 2017. Half of its bookings in worldwide are actually b-to-c, said Eagle Technosys, up from zero a few quarters earlier. It sees this complete crossover starting to happen between the techniques and systems that grew up in the b-to-c world now being applied into consumer marketing applications.
Alibaba Clone Script is being used by companies marketing everything from crockery to cars. It's gaining traction among consumer marketers, Eagle Technosys said, because they want to segment and tailor their messaging based on consumer profiles.
There's no attempt to make a sale, but the same kind of content, engagement, and follow up and personal communication tools provide the ability to really build brand loyalty or repeat purchase or advocacy – it is seeing a lot of that, Eagle Technosys said. And while much of the outreach through Alibaba Clone Script is via email, Eagle Technosys said the company is seeing marketers use in-app messaging as well.
The digital marketing space is seeing major consolidation to provide one stop market shop for all ages and desires. Earlier this week Eagle Technosys acquired Alibaba Clone Script, a platform typically used for b-to-c marketing, which Eagle Technosys said would be integrated with its marketing automation platform.
Eagle Technosys is a marketplace which provide buy and sell services as well to begin your own Business in international marketplace and capitalize it about billions of dollars, is viewed as a hot acquisition target. Its growth in b-to-c could certainly make it more attractive to suitors. Eagle Technosys said the company will easily hit its goal of generating half of its business from b-to-c by the end of 2017.
In a visit to worldwide marketplace this week, Eagle Technosys met with executives from International Real time marketplace. It said integration with a real time marketplace, which is used to buy digital advertising through the automated ad exchanges, will likely occur this year.
Eagle Technosys said the b-to-c applications of Alibaba Clone Scripts are real time, unique and advanced and that the platform is "ready for prime time."
Marketing automation software company Alibaba Clone Script is making a major push into the b-to-c space, spying an opportunity to tap into consumer marketers' desire to stay engaged with customers.
Alibaba Clone Script , b2c marketplace , b2b marketplace , Alibaba clone , Alibaba script , marketplace clone script
Sep 14, 2017


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25% off iPhone cases, Samsung cases, and iPhone Wallets. Use TEXT25
A Beechcraft 18 Expeditor at North Weald airfield, Essex.
Nikon D3 with 24-70mm f2.8G ED LensMatrix MeteringISO 200
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Oh wow, this is way cool!!!! :)
You're so very kind Nancy, thank you… :
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1965 — The Abington Players presented the musical "South Pacific" at the Abington Heights High School. Eight dancing nurses from a chorus line were featured in a photo, half of which ran on page one and the other half on page three of the journal. Page one showed only their legs under the headline, "16 Legs in Search of an Audience…" with no explanation, in a clever gimmick to to draw readers to the inside pages.
1973 — Murder was in two non-related headlines, both on that week's front page.
The first involved the preliminary hearing, held in Magistrate James T. McHale's Clarks Summit courtroom, of a former Scranton man, Harold Ellis, who was facing a murder charge along with two New Jersey men, Gerard Festa and Gerald Donnerstag. The victim was Jed Feldman, whose partially clothed and badly decomposed body was discovered about two years prior in a freshly-thawed pond in Greenfield Township.
The second announced a reward of $100 for the arrest of the murderers of two South Scranton boys, whose bodies were found in Falls Township near Shultzville the week before. Clarks Summit Borough Manager Elwood Lewis and Mayor Donald Eilenberger announced their personal contributions of reward money, as the borough was unable to offer such reward itself.
1980 — The Abington Heights football team was on a five-game winning streak, after defeating the Mid-Valley Spartans 36-0 at Fern Hill Grounds.
"Statistically, Mid-Valley didn't fare that badly, managing only two less first downs than the Comets and moving the ball well at times," read the Journal article. "But the Spartans were pushed off the line of scrimmage by a large and strong Comet front line and three Abington backs scored five touchdowns on the ground.
"Coach Mike Hemak's two starting running backs, Dane Hewlett and Pat Kennedy each scored two touchdowns on the ground and Duane Hewlett scored once."
1995 — The building of the Presbyterian church got a facelift, with its second renovation since 1913.
"An active Christian education program, plenty of activities and a dedicated pastor to shepherd the flock — all First Presbyterian Church of Clarks Summit lacked was a solid building," read the Journal article. "Sunday, the church dedicated its renovated facility, with new classrooms, a new narthex, handicapped access and plenty of fresh paint."


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James F. Haffner
James Haffner earned his B.S.B.A. degree in 1982, after attending Loyola University and St. Louis University. He earned his J.D. from St. Louis University in 1985. He was admitted to practice law in Missouri in 1985 and Illinois in 1986. He successfully established his private practice in Missouri, and he is a member of the Bar Association of Metropolitan St. Louis.
James Haffner has more than 15 years of experience in criminal defense law and has represented clients charged with various crimes, including DUI, DWI, domestic violence, sexual assaults, drug trafficking, murder, homicide, manslaughter, white collar crimes, and federal crimes. Mr. Haffner also concentrates his efforts in a variety of civil practice areas, including personal injury, automobile accidents and injuries, trucking accidents, motorcycle accidents, head and spinal injuries, dog bites, and workers' compensation law.
Attention Lawyers - sign up here to join the directory.


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Logo design: Backgrounds divided into two, vertically ; Rectangles ; One quadrilateral ; Quadrilaterals containing other inscriptions ; Red, pink, orange ; White, grey, silver
The European Union Trademark for NetmarketsEurope (Figurative) was filed on 08.11.2000 for goods and services in class(es) 16, 35 and 41 at the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). The current status of the trademark No. 001945021 NetmarketsEurope is 'registration expired'.


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Feature film of Chase Smith. Was presented to the public in 2015, it is a production of USA. You can watch Creature Feature online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2015.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Tenille Houston, Libby Blanton, Jason Vail, Chance Kelley, Chase Smith, Rebecca Beton, Michael Maponga, John Emil D'Angelo, Lance Paul, Stephanie Davis, Chelsea Howard, Christina Marie, April Hollingsworth, Robyn Hensley, Chad Sanborn and Joshua D. Safran.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Chase Smith.
The original audio of Creature Feature has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2015.
Screenplay written by Chase Smith.
Chase Smith.
Jason Vail, Annie Jeeves, Jason Anderson, Robert Hatch, Lance Paul, Shawn Bard, Nicholas Frank Auger, Edward Boss, Michele Kirk, Chase Smith, Don Babb and Darlene Lanier.
This film was produced and / or financed by Spirit World Productions.
Composed by Brian Popkin.
Brain Damage Films.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Creature Feature has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Creature Feature in FULLTV Movies.


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Stocks gain for second week
NEW YORK (AP) -- Stocks gained for a second straight week as company earnings reports started to come in, keeping the Standard and Poor's 500 index within a fraction of its highest level in five years.
The S&P 500 was little changed Friday, and gained 5 points in the week to close at 1,472.05. The index is a fraction below its close of 1,472.12 Thursday, its highest level since December 2007.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 17.21 points to 13,488.43. The Nasdaq composite index rose 3.88 to 3,125.63. For the week, the Dow rose 53 and the Nasdaq rose 24.
Companies have started to report earnings for the fourth quarter of 2012, but no clear pattern has emerged as yet.
Aluminum company Alcoa gave stocks a lift after it reported earnings late Tuesday that matched analysts' expectations and said that demand was increasing. Investors were unimpressed by Wells Fargo's record profits Friday, choosing instead to focus on the sustainability of those earnings.
"You've been hearing comments that earnings season is going to show a continued contraction in the rate of growth," said Robert Pavlik of Banyan Partners. "People are conflicted, they are worried, but at the same time they don't want to be missing out on the action in the overall market."
Currently, analysts expect fourth quarter earnings for S&P 500 companies to grow at a rate of 3.3 percent, according to the latest data from S&P Capital IQ. That's a better growth rate than the previous quarter, but it's considerably weaker that the 8.4 percent growth rate recorded in the same period last year.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.


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U.K.'s Direct To Pharmacy Model: Competition Risks
Under the new structure, known as "Direct to Pharmacy" or DTP, an existing distributor, Alliance, would act as "Logistic Service Provider" or LSP, with the contractual sale being made by Pfizer direct to the pharmacy.
Initially, it was intended that Pfizer appoint...
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I have to admit, before P90X I had never spent too much time developing my back. My legs and back were my two weak areas in college, and looking back I wish I would have dedicated more time to developing those two muscle groups. Monday and Wednesday were usually my chest and back days when going to the gym, but my back exercises consisted of lawnmowers and lateral pull-downs, and that's it. I rarely did pull-ups, mostly because I hated them. However, the reason I hated them was because I never could do them, and would get embarrassed when one of my friends would bust out 15 wide grips when I could only do 7. When I started P90X, though, that all changed.
Are pull-ups effective? To be honest with you, if you want to get ripped in your back (which is possible), there is no better back exercises than pull-ups. When I started P90X, I dreaded Chest & Back and Legs & Back, only for the sole reason that I had to do pull-ups. During the first few weeks, I was only able to do around 4-5 wide grip pull-ups during the first half of each workout, and then after that I was done. I was able to maybe do 1-2 during the second half. As much as I just wanted to stop doing them all together and substitute them with other back exercises, like lawn mowers and back flys, I knew that they were placed in the program for a reason, so of course I sucked it up and kept chuggin' along. After a few weeks, I noticed that the pull-ups kept getting easier, and I was able to do more and more. Finally, by the end of my 90 days, I was able to do close to 22 wide grips. Since then, the most I've gotten is 32, and that's using proper form too, which is very important with pull-ups. Too many people like to cheat by not going down all the way or only going up to a certain point. The picture above is of me around the 10 month mark of doing P90X. As you can see, I'm not using the P90X Pull-Up Bar because it wouldn't fit anywhere in my house!
So are pull-ups the best back exercises? I think so. The great thing about pull-ups is that you can use many different grips (as long as you have the right pull-up bar of course), which will develop different parts of the back. I've had many people tell me that it looks like I have abs in my back, which I attribute solely to the thousands of pull-ups I have done while doing P90X. If you are looking to develop your back and want to get ripped, pull-ups are the way to go!


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Traeger Grilled Bacon Brat Skewers
We have to admit that these Pellet grilled bacon brat skewers are awesome! This is a must try summer recipe. It's always nice when you put together a recipe that just turns out amazing! These skewers are a great for a tailgating, party, cookout, or just weeknight meal. I mean, come on, anything wrapped in…Read More


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Download 105.9 The Bash apk 1.403 free for Android smartphone
Posted by B&A Mobile Marketing in Media & Video | May 28, 2014 | 0 Comments
Apk file size: 5.6 MB
105.9 The Bash is Wabash, Indiana's community radio station. Broadcasting live on 105.9 FM and streaming live, The Bash brings local community radio to Wabash and the world.
You can now listed to 105.9 on your smart phone, tablet over WI-FI and 4G and LTE networks.
Tune in to community radio today!
This app is the "goes anywhere" way to listen and stay connected to our live stream of hits, sports and keeping up with local events.
Down load the FREE app now to your smart phone and tablet and start streaming 105.9 the bash anywhere anytime.
WJOT empowers the community and strengthens local culture through inclusive programming by providing for artistic expression.
Send us suggestions and feedback as we want to make it the best local news and events app for you.
Whats new
B&A Mobile Marketing part of our Media & Video and have average installs from 100 to 500. Last Update May 28, 2014. Google play rating is 100.0. Current verison is 1.403. Actual size 5.6 MB.


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ACT:TVT is my personal music project, based on a so called Tracker, so don't expect studio quality. At the old DOS times i used Fasttracker2, but since i switched to Linux i use the Soundtracker from Michael Krause. Amplifying is done with the commandline-tool "awoc" by Christian Gall and as WAV editor i use Audacity. For encoding i prefer "OGG/Vorbis". Covers and Graphics for this Site are made with Gimp. All done under Linux. Freedom is everything!
ACT:TVT exists since Fall 1996 and all Songs are copyrighted to me and my project. The Internet presence started in July 2000. Since May 2003 the site is hosted at all-inkl.com
I'm not sure what music have influenced me in which case, but i enjoy Slade, Blackfoot, Kingdom Come, Tony MacAlpine, Alex Oriental Experience, Jason Becker, Joe Satriani, Deep Purple, Stevie Ray Vaughan and some others too. But the real life have influenced me for sure.
What u can get here
Not much, nearly nothing at all. On this Site you will only find some snippets of my music for pre-hearing. Be aware that you need to be able to play OGG files. I use OGG coz it is simply better.
If you should be one of those few remaining w-users, grab and install a plugin for your music player or try VLC.
What to expect next
This project is currently on hold. Seems i have to wait and figure out if the fire inside me will be back.


text: I've had both. 1. I stand at the door, on the ground, and reach in to the right and grab my string trimmer or edger, no problem. My BP blower is right beside that, hanging on a hook. I simply step up, grab it, throw it on. I don't release any holder, undo padlocks, nothing. I don't see what's so hard. And, time savings is negligible. 2. I pull up to the pump, drop the rear door, and fuel both sides of my mower. If you're a multiple ZTR/stander situation, order or install a fuel door. That's a negative, depending on your operation. For me, it's not. 3. How so? I've got mirrors. I use them and have yet to have an issue backing my trailer. If you can't drive, then, it's going to be a problem. 4. In an urban environ, it makes no difference. On the highway, the difference is going to be negligible, because that huge gate on the back of a open trailer catches a lot of wind, as do the various pieces of equipment and HH racks. On windy days, I could really feel everything catching wind. I got crap mileage, with an open trailer, too. You don't need a 3/4T truck. You followed your initial statement with no proof or argument. The beginning of your second sentence sets up your general, negative attitude toward enclosed, again, with no argument. If you don't like them, that's fine. But, at least state your reasoning why. BTW, my truck and enclosed fit into my garage and shop, respectively. To the OP, a 6'X12' isn't enough trailer, IMHO. You need 7' width to fit larger decks, like a 60". The interior width of a trailer is narrower than advertised width. The rear door opening is even narrower. Also, you need room to move around inside, when things are loaded. You don't need huge, but, definitely need adequate size. I've had a couple guys with larger trailers say they wish they had my setup, just because of space, cost, and setup efficiency. You need trailer brakes. I've had trailers with and without. Brakes make a huge difference. I'll never own another without them. Consider a V-nose, as it adds quite a bit of floor space and room up front. I'd recommend a 5,000lb axle, as basic necessities add up faster than you think. With my setup, 30" pusher, and 60" ZTR, I'm at 3720lbs on the trailer axle. You can't beat the security and convenience of an enclosed. It's nice to not have to worry about someone stealing equipment, while I'm at the back of a property. I have one place where I end up ~3mi away from my truck/trailer. It's nice when something needs addressed at a property and I simply go to the trailer and grab whatever tool it is I need. Customers appreciate it, too. The advertising space will more than pay for the additional cost over open. My number one source of additional business has been the signage on my trailer. Pay the extra ~$50 and get a color-matched trailer. It adds so much to the appearance of the operation. I continually get compliments on my rig.


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THESE are the stats that matter and, in many cases for Queensland, the stats that batter.
If Queensland beat NSW in the second Origin game at Suncorp Stadium they will get there on ability and passion, not club form.
Man for man, the Blues have been in better form this club season - a fact not lost on veteran broadcaster and former Wests winger Warren Boland when he was doing research before the opening game.
"It did strike me that about 13 of the NSW side were in or near career-best form, whereas I felt only five of the Queensland players were in that category," Boland said.
Wayne Bennett once quoted an American professor who said stats were like bikinis: what they reveal is interesting, what they hide is vital.
Statistics that coldly revealed the number of metres gained by former Broncos prop Shane Webcke during his decorated career said nothing about the fact that he invariably ran when the going was at its toughest. His metres gained were often like cutting a path through the jungle while others ran when the path was cleared.
But only so many caveats can be applied to a story. There is no denying that collectively, the Blues are in better form.
During the first five weeks of the season it seemed a formality Queensland would storm to victory in the Origin series as Greg Inglis, Johnathan Thurston, Billy Slater, Cameron Smith and Cooper Cronk dominated the NRL. But the early bayonet charge has been blunted.
The Cowboys and the Broncos have gone cold and the form of a lot of leading players has gone with them.
The Titans have also found wins harder to come by after an early season rush. The challenges awaiting Queensland in Origin II include:
The metre men
For 100 years, the mantra has been the same. It will be the same for 100 more: You can't win games without the forwards going forward.
The signs were there in club stats that the Maroons pack could lack punch.
Four of the Blues forward brigade - Paul Gallen, Andrew Fifita and James Tamou - are among the top five yardage makers in the premiership if kick returns are excluded. Among the Queensland "pigs", only Matt Scott (148m) was among the top 12.
Stats over the past four rounds paint a grimmer picture. Four of the NSW pack made the top 10 in average NRL metres run excluding kick returns, but there was not a Queensland name in sight.
Origin I man of the match Luke Lewis was the second highest metre-maker over the NRL with 180m, 22m behind Fifita.
Queensland must find a man to turn back the tide.
Inglis factor
The name Inglis features in the stats panels as frequently as ABBA does in Best of the '70s albums.
So it really hurt Queensland in Sydney that the rampaging rhino of the NRL could not find the space and ball to become the wrecking ball the Maroons needed him to be.
His average metres gained of 168 as an NRL fullback dropped to 68 in Origin when he moved into the centre.
A tight one here between two rampaging forces, Jarryd Hayne and Billy Slater.
It is difficult to run a line over their form because Hayne occasionally plays five-eighth, but if this was a game of cards it would be an interested duel.
Slater could slap down the right bower because he is equal third in line breaks in the NRL but Hayne's joker is being second for tackle busts.
The happy hookers
Sometimes a win for the Blues does not have to be a win, just breaking square with a champion is enough.
Robbie Farah will never have the career his great rival Cameron Smith has had, but Farah remains a force. His club numbers this season have matched and often exceeded the statistical returns of the man considered Australia's greatest hooker.
One stat that stands out for Farah is his 12 try assists to Smith's six, a noble effort in an ordinary Tigers side. There is barely a whisker between them for metres gained and tackle busts.
Shillington strife
Maroons prop David Shillington is under fire for a subdued Origin performance but his club stats this season have not been spectacular.
On average he has played only 41 minutes a game for Canberra, with 13 possessions, 11 runs and 97m a game.
In that light, his nine runs for 60m in Origin I was not so surprising. More will be expected in Game Two.
Thursto's fight
When Johnathan Thurston managed only six kicks in Origin I, it threw out Queensland's structure.
His six kicks for 144m compared with Cooper Cronk's 15 for 487m was never going to be Queensland's Plan A and hopefully will not be in Game Two. A fortnight before Origin, "JT" managed 450m in kicks in a Cowboys game.
Wing and a prayer
Club stats by no means cast a pall over Maroons duo Darius Boyd and Brent Tate. But they certainly paint NSW duo Brett Morris and Blake Ferguson in a good light.
Despite averaging around 15 possessions each a game they have averaged good metres at club level, where Ferguson has been in blistering form.
There are challenges everywhere for Queensland ... just the way they like it.
Originally published as The stats that batter the Maroons


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The All-American Rejects return from a short break with their new album "Kids in the Street." After the mediocre reception of their last record and an absence of releases The All-American Rejects return with a record that shows fans they are back to their old ways. We see the same catchy choruses that fans have grown fond of over the years but with a new found enthusiasm for the music that was lost in the past. The album successfully invokes feelings of innocence and memories of earlier days making the title very fitting. The band manages to succeed in this without resorting to overly poppy songs but instead takes a guitar-heavy rock approach and still holds true to the style they made for themselves.
The album begins on a high note of upbeat songs about love that keeps you interested such as single "Beekeeper's Daughter," while also setting the mood for the rest of the album. With a closer look these songs that pull you in aren't as happy as they seem to be but this is captured by the band's ability to tell a story of real emotions and put the perfect sound with it. The song "Heartbeat Slowing Down" is a good example of a type of sound that is so strange for The All-American Rejects that it can't be denied.
The middle of this album shows the band's ability to use a new sound to accomplish their goals and continues to tell the story when the beginning of the record started. The song that shows this best would be the title track "Kids in the Street" which at first listen immediately becomes a track that cannot be ignored. This song's upbeat rock infused pop-style leads perfectly into the end of the album. The last couple of tracks take a switch to strong string-heavy compositions that make this portion of the album feel like the bands last breath on the album. The second half of the album aggressively declares this album as more than just another All-American Rejects album but as one of the best albums of the year so far. The album ends on a two-part finale, including one of the album's highlights; the string-heavy ballad "Affection" and the slow-paced acoustic part two to the finale "I for You." These two songs coupled with each other take a listener on a roller coaster ride of emotional highs to lows that end the album perfectly.
The All-American Rejects put forth their best effort on this album and the result is an album with a strong sense of direction that surpasses expectations based on previous releases.


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East Africa's economic powerhouse Kenya is aiming to increase its influence in the Japanese markets, this is according to KenInvest's Moses Ikiara.
Estimates suggest that trade between Kenya and Japan was above 1.5 billion US dollars in 2014. Experts lament trade imbalance between the two economies.
KenInvest's managing director Moses Ikiara told CNBC Africa that the mooted direct flights between Japan and Kenya would see the volume of trade improving.
"The establishment of direct routes will also cut flying hours that can best be invested in trade," added Ikiara.
He also called for direct trade transactions between the two countries saying this would be an advantage to Kenya's horticulture industry.
"If we start selling directly to Japan, flowers will get there quicker and will be cost effective," he said
"There are products Japanese markets require from us like cashew nuts, macandamia nuts, Sesame and flowers."
Ikiara warned that Japanese market were very conscious of quality and also good diet hence Kenyan producers needed to up the standard of their produce.
"If we follow the market requirement we can produce the on demand products and close the trade imbalance gap," he said.
Ikiara called for value addition of Kenyan products that will see job promotion within the country.
"We could add value to our products through joint venture investments which will help service the market more effectively."
He also called for improved focus when preparing to meet potential markets.
"The time we invest in preparation for meeting potential markets is very limited but this has changing," he said.
"We have a lot of Kenyan diaspora in Japan who are highly skilled; we need to draw from these skills when making propositions."
He said Kenya was improving on costs of production with cost of transport, power and logistics coming down saying this would make the east African economy more competitive.


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Top 10 Maknaes of Kpop GroupsHalliekyu
The Contenders: Page 3
She a cute maknae forever,. She a good dancer and rapper esp at 'huh'
Sohyun is such a cute maknae. Her dancing is wonderful, with sexy and lovely moves that makes her such a loving person. I really like her!
She is really good at dancing and rapping.V 3 Comments
His aegyo is killing me! Very very very cute maknae. Can't tell much about him, you must see him by yourself! His drum talent is awesome! I love him and I love to drum
He's so adorable like his other hyungs :)) His aegyo is definitely cute.
He is talented. VERY TALENTED :))
And he gets along with others :))
I love him he so cute and I just want to be her girlfriend (just kidding primm) but I still love him so cuteV 2 Comments
She is awesome and a girl who has natural beauty and humble
Dara is very very naughty girl beautiful for me she is the most beautiful female k-pop even 30 much she still admire her as I
Minzy is the maknae of 2NE1... Not Dara haha. Dara is still lovely and amazing though~ DARA UNNIE HWAITING!V 4 Comments
People probably forgot but he's main vocal, dancer, and extremely athletic as shown in the idol olympics
He is so talented gymnastics, sports, singing, dancing, acting, broadway, etc. His smile gets me every time so bright looks warm and lovely. Nice body likes to keep in shape and the strongest out of his members, he treats his fans well always reaching out to them and trying to stay as long as he could. He is truly the best! ^^
I think he got the best.
He is the most handsome maknae ever. He is so cute and always take care of his hyungs.V 6 Comments
She is so talented and beautiful
She is the cutest person and have the prettiest personality I have ever seen... I hope I can meet her one day although my country is far from herV 1 Comment
Please keep on voting Soyou unnie! She's a good dancer and singer :)
As well she's too pretty
She's not as great as Hyolin in singing,
She can't dance as great as Bora,
But she's equally pretty and talented in many ways.
People respect her for not trying to copy Bora or Hyolin, which is good.
She has a great smile too and can dance occassionally in choreography~
BamBam's chill left this world. He dabs and whips all over the place, but we still love him. He's adorable and I love him to death. He grew up so fast. We love him a lot.
Bambam was just so CUTE!
He is cute and funny. :3
I just want to say this to BAMBAM.SARANGHAE! He is very cute,funny and I like his smile.He grew up so fast.I love him forever!V 7 Comments
Cute, with a honey voice. Although some people says that he is too straight forward, I think that is just his personality
I love him. he is my idoll. he so handsome and voice is wonder. when I heard his voice I am have a fresh feeling. from : Even Chen Hour
Super handsome. Noticed him from the very first MV of B.A.P I watched. Has a wide vocal range but he sometimes strains his voice. All in all, you are still my Busan Wonbin.
I love him From: Cherry annV 1 Comment
One of the best female rapper in Korea
She is talented
She is the main rapper in her band
She is the main rapper in her band
Cool and awesome
She is cute, but sometimes she doesn't fit in her cutie band, cause she is really cool when she rapping
My favorite sweet and soft boy
He looks and sounds like a sexy man, but acts like a baby
He is acting very cute
But when he sings ohh... He have this sexy deep husky voice
Pyoji is the bomb! ^^ I ' love him!V 6 Comments
The cute giant baby..
No word can describe how cute and adorable are you!
The cutest maknae in the world. I hope will I can meet her someday :D
Cute whatever she does! Kang Jiyoung has aegyo, and really young, cute, funny, yet pretty and sexy! ~~~V 2 Comments
Yoda is the best she deserve to be in top 10 so to all once let's vote her please
She is my bias love her she's so savage
She's gone through too much especially when she's just debuted for 3 months
Stay strong Tzuyu
TZUYU IS NOT ONLY TALENTED BUT SHE HAS AN AMAZING PERSONALITYV 6 Comments
Changjo is the one who changed the most among the members of Teen Top and it's not for the worst, mind you. His dancing ability, already being one of the best, is rapidly growing and improving. He has been getting more parts in Teen Top songs which shows his ability for singing getting better and better. He has grown very cute and hot, too. It's like every time you see him, he gets more handsome. He has a great personality and is very fun especially when he is with his hyungs. Love yah Changjo!
He's the dancing boy... In his young age you can definitely say that his awesome... Just watch the performance version of to you... He dance one part and definitely we got "WOW" and "AWESOME" reaction...
Changjo is so adorably boyish, he's like a dancing teddy bear you will never own. He's so perfect in every possible way that it hurts. Like honestly? No one should be that beautiful and talented
Omo changjo you so cute and handsome... You are the best ever.. Your sweet voice.. Arhhh I feel like like a
I'm a ice cubes that melting and did not became the ice cbes again forever always melting
He was so mature and really talented this boy can do anything dance, rap, doing variety. I'm really glad this kid is getting more recognition go go Lee Chan
Such an amazing dancer - SO talented! - azziebbz
Dino is cute and sooo adorable. His Michael Jackson girl group dance is just perfect and cute
Dino is in the same line as me, and I think he's very charismatic on stage, his aura doesn't lose to Hoshi's!V 3 Comments
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Conductor Nicholas McGegan Returns to Hollywood Bowl for Two LA Phil Concerts, 8/21 & 23
Hollywood Bowl favorite Nicholas McGegan leads the LA Phil at the Hollywood Bowl in two concerts of the Classical Tuesday and Classical Thursday series, Tuesday, August 21, and Thursday, August 23, at 8pm.
On Tuesday, British trumpeter Alison Balsom makes her Bowl debut with the Trumpet Concerto in the all-Haydn program that includes Symphony No. 30, "Alleluia," Overture to Windsor Castle and Symphony No. 103, "The Drumroll." Thursday's concert presents the Bowl debut of violinist Henning Kraggerud, who performs Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 4 in D. Also on Thursday's program are Symphony No. 32 in G, K.318, Chaconne from Idomeneo and Symphony No. 39 in E-flat, K.543.
Nicholas McGegan is loved by audiences and orchestras for performances that match authority with enthusiasm, scholarship with joy, and curatorial responsibility with evangelical exuberance. The London Independent calls him "one of the finest Baroque conductors of his generation" and The New Yorker lauds him as "an expert in 18th-century style." Through 26 years as its music director, McGegan has established the San Francisco-based Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra and Philharmonia Chorale as the leading period performance ensemble in America - and at the forefront of the 'historical' movement worldwide thanks to notable appearances at Carnegie Hall, the London Proms, the Amsterdam Concertgebouw, and the International Handel Festival, Göttingen where he was artistic director from 1991 to 2011.
Acclaimed trumpeter Alison Balsom—recently crowned 'Female Artist of the Year' for the second time at the Classic BRITs—has cemented an international reputation as one of classical music's great ambassadors and is ranked among the most distinctive and ground-breaking musicians on the international circuit today. Balsom has also been honored with numerous awards by Gramophone, Classic FM and ECHO Klassik. Her most recent CD, entitled Alison Balsom, brings together 16 of her finest recordings from her 10 years as an exclusive EMI Classics recording artist.<
Norwegian violinist Henning Kraggerud is an artist of exquisite musicianship, who combines an unusually sweet tone and beauty of expression with impressive virtuosity, drawing audiences and critics alike towards the genuine quality of his playing. In summer 2010 he gave a critically-acclaimed performance at the BBC Proms with the Danish National Symphony under Thomas Dausgaard, and a highly successful season followed including concerts with the Hallé Orchestra, the Bergen Festival, the West Australian and Tasmanian Symphony orchestras, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and a recital at New York's Lincoln Center. A favorite with U.S. audiences, Henning has worked previously with the Detroit Symphony under Peter Oundjian and the Seattle Symphony under Vassily Sinaisky among others, and in the 2011/12 season returned to the Cincinnati Orchestra as well as performing as soloist and conductor with both the Pacific and Vancouver Symphony orchestras.
For full artist biographies and additional information, visit http://hollywoodbowl.com/Haydnand http://hollywoodbowl.com/Mozart.
Tuesday, August 21, 2012, 8 PM
NICHOLAS McGEGAN, conductor
ALISON BALSOM, trumpet
HAYDN Symphony No. 30, "Alleluia"
HAYDN Trumpet Concerto
HAYDN Overture to Windsor Castle
HAYDN Symphony No. 103, "The Drumroll"
Thursday, August 23, 2012, 8 PM
NICHOLAS McGEGAN, conductor
HENNING KRAGGERUD, violin
MOZART Symphony No. 32 in G, K. 318
MOZART Violin Concerto No. 4 in D, K. 218
MOZART Chaconne from Idomeneo
MOZART Symphony No. 39 in E-flat, K. 543
HOLLYWOOD BOWL is located at 2301 N Highland Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif. Tickets for the Hollywood Bowl 2012 summer season are available now at HollywoodBowl.com or via credit card phone order at 323.850.2000. For more information, call 323.850.2000.


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Tuesday, September 20, 2005 - Page updated at 12:00 AM
Blanket-making event set for Oct. 1
Seattle Times staff reporter
Two Sammamish sisters are organizing a 24-hour blanket-making marathon Oct. 1 at the Qwest Field Event Center to benefit survivors of Hurricane Katrina.
Lori Manna, 31, and Shellie Paola, 25, came up with the idea while volunteering for Project Linus, a nonprofit that makes blankets for sick kids.
Manna said she and her sister are hoping to make at least 1,000 blankets, but reaching the goal will depend on how many volunteers show up and how many supplies they can acquire.
"We don't know if that's possible, but it will really depend on the community," she said.
The sisters have secured a number of donations from local fabric stores and Project Linus, but Manna said they will need much more to reach their goal.
People with sewing machines and those who can crochet or knit are needed, Manna said, but so are volunteers who don't know how to thread a needle. She said there will be many needs, from ironing to sweeping, and any amount of time a person can give is welcome.
The two sisters and the woman who runs their chapter of Project Linus will be there the full 24 hours. Food will be available, thanks to Dominos, Blazing Bagels and Coca-Cola, Manna said.
The sisters have arranged for Project Linus chapters in Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas to deliver the blankets to shelters.
Those interested in participating or donating can go to www.geocities.com/blanket_marathon/index.html to learn more and register. Manna said registration isn't required, but it will help with planning.
The event is scheduled from 10 a.m. Saturday, Oct. 1, to 10 a.m. Sunday, Oct. 2. Parking will be available in the Qwest Field garage.
Donation requests online
Nonprofit agencies and schools that are supporting survivors of Hurricane Katrina can post their specific donation needs on a new Web site set up by United Way of King County.
Agencies can request donations of everything from baby formula to shoes at www.uwkc.org by clicking on the "Hurricane Relief Adopt-A-Family" link. Individuals, businesses and other organizations can go online to see what is needed and provide the items.
Liahann Bannerman, director of the volunteer center for the agency, said requests should be as specific as possible. She gave the example of "clothing 15-year-old girl, size 10," in a written statement.
The site was launched Thursday and had 35 postings for needed donations as of yesterday, said Patrick Kelley, spokesman for the agency. He said all requests are the sole responsibility of the organization that posts them and should be removed after donations are made.
For more information, contact the United Way of King County at firstname.lastname@example.com or 206-461-3700.
Vanessa Renée Casavant: 206-464-2761 firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright © 2005 The Seattle Times Company


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Makutano Show: Exclusive Interview na Mhe. John Mnyika - Oct 06, 2012
Discussion in 'Jukwaa la Siasa' started by Makutano Show, Oct 5, 2012.
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