text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 31, 1988
|Filing date
|May 15, 1985
|Priority date
|Aug 28, 1979
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ronald R. Hutchinson, Grace S. Emley
|Original Assignee
|Foundation For Behavioral Research
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Non-Patent Citations (60), Referenced by (22), Classifications (4), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation, of U.S. Ser. No. 70,367, filed Aug. 28, 1979, now abandoned.
This invention relates to a method of treating hypertension which comprises administering to a hypertensive subject requiring such treatment, nicotine or a pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salt of nicotine, for an extended period of time.
Nicotine or nicotine related substances have previously been employed or proposed for employment as a treatment for colic (U.S. Pat. No. 101,145), tobacco substitute (U.S. Pat. Nos. 904,521 and 2,981,641), insecticide and parasiticide (U.S. Pat. No. 2,175,980), snake repellent (U.S. Pat. No. 3,069,314), antihistamine potentiator (U.S. Pat. No. 3,126,319), swine food additive (U.S. Pat. No. 3,252,802) and skin care agent (U.S. Pat. No. 2,437,561).
U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,794 discloses administering nicotine and related substances to ameliorate emotional disorders, such as anger, hostility, irritability and frustration.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,520 and its French counterpart Brevet Special De Medicament No. 2428M disclose that (-)-cotinine reduces the physiological effects of nicotine. When (-)-cotinine is administered in doses of from 150 to 300 mg, it provides a short term lowering of blood pressure and also is effective as a muscle relaxant. It is stated that "The pressor response to nicotine, i.e. the increase in blood pressure following the administration of nicotine, was blocked by pre-treatment with cotinine."
The effects of administration of nicotine on blood pressure, as applied to various kinds of test animals and using various modes of administration and various amounts of nicotine for various periods of time, have been reported in the literature. A summary of these reports is found in Sections 340 to 349 of "Tobacco-Experimental and Clinical Studies", Supplement III, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1975). The prior research workers have reported achieving both pressor responses and depressor responses, by administration of nicotine, depending on the particular conditions of their experiments. Wenzel and Azmeh (Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, Vol. 187, No. 2, pp. 367-376, October 1970) report that chronic administration of nicotine in the drinking water of rats in amounts of 1.14 and 2.28 mg/kg/day produced a gradual elevation of the systolic pressure over a period of 10 weeks, whereas administration of 3.42 mg/kg/day and 4.56 mg/kg/day of nicotine produced lowering of the pressure.
We have discovered that chronic administration of low doses of nicotine or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts of nicotine is effective to achieve significant reduction of the diastolic and systolic blood pressures of test subjects that initially have elevated blood pressures, particularly test subjects demonstrating mild and moderate essential hypertension. But such administration does not similarly reduce the blood pressures of test subjects that initially have normal blood pressures.
The antihypertensive effects of nicotine and pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts of nicotine were experimentally determined as follows:
Nicotine tartrate (0.002-5.0 mg.kg per day) was added to the home cage drinking water of albino rat and squirrel monkey test subjects for periods of from 1 to 10 weeks. The rats received the drug for approximately 8 weeks. Each was then implanted with a chronic aortic cannula, allowed to recuperate, and the blood pressure was measured before and following exposure to a mild tail pinch procedure. All subjects receiving nicotine showed lower blood pressure elevation to noxious stimulation as compared to control subjects which received pure water, and these reductions were greater at higher drug doses. Squirrel monkeys were studied for the effects of ingestion of several chronic nicotine dosages upon resting diastolic and systolic blood pressures. The test subjects differed according to several historical and contemporary factors, with the blood pressures being highest for test subjects with the longest number of years of colony living, months of exposure to noxious stimulation, and elevated body weight. Nicotine administration also caused differing effects in different subjects with differing blood pressure levels. Subjects having high blood pressures showed dose-dependent decreases in blood pressures, whereas subjects possessing low resting pressures demonstrated little or no change during drug intake. A follow-up study with high blood pressure subjects measured the effects of progressive increases in the drug, followed by a return to drug-free water drinking solutions. Here again a dose-dependent decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed. Upon termination of drug intake, pressures rapidly increased to pre-drug levels.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the blood pressure (Δ Blood Pressure) caused by a tail pinch as applied to 5 groups of rats respectively receiving distilled water (0.0) or various dosages of nicotine. The blood pressure measured was the hydraulically damped systolic/diastolic average value. The average resting pressures before the tail pinch were (1) 128 mmHg for the group to which was administered 0.0 nicotine, (2) 120 mmHg for the group to which was administered 0.5 mg/kg nicotine, (3) 125 mmHg for the group to which was administered 2.0 mg/kg nicotine, (4) 131 mmHg for the group to which was administered 3.5 mg/kg nicotine and (5) 119 mmHg for the group to which was administered 5.0 mg/kg nicotine.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of blood pressure of 30 squirrel monkeys for a chronic drug regimen. The dotted line represents the blood pressure prior to administration of the drug. The open circles represent seven subjects having the highest diastolic blood pressures; the solid circles represent eight subjects having the second highest diastolic blood pressures; the open triangles represent eight subjects having the third highest diastolic blood pressures; and the solid triangles represent seven subjects having the lowest diastolic blood pressures. The blood pressures were measured from the arm of anaesthetized prone subjects.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the average blood pressure readings of 5 squirrel monkeys during a regimen of chronic nicotine administration. The dashed lines are the mean values for the particular dosage levels. The blood pressures were measured from the lower part of the legs of unanesthetized, partially restrained upright subjects.
The FIG. 1 experiment measured the effects of nicotine intake on normotensive subjects during brief stressful episodes. The test subjects were 30 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-400 grams. The subjects were housed individually with free access to food and fluids. The subjects were divided into 5 groups and maintained in the home cages for 11-12 weeks such that each received either distilled water or distilled water containing one of several concentrations of nicotine to assure a nicotine ingestion of 0.5, 2.0, 3.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day. Forty-eight hours prior to testing each subject was implanted with an aortic cannula. During testing a subject was placed in a small plexiglas cylinder, it's tail was placed between the surfaces of an electromechanically operated clamp device, and secured with adhesive tape to a restraint pole. The clamp device was calibrated to deliver a lateral compression of a force of 150 grams for 1 second upon a 1 inch surface of the tail. Blood pressure and heart rate were obtained by connection of the subject's catheter to a Stratham P23DC pressure transducer and Grass polygraph assembly. The experimental session duration was 30 minutes. Basal pressure recording and equipment calibration required ten minutes. Following this, three tail pinch events occurred at five minute intervals. Five minutes following the third tail pinch a second equipment calibration series was conducted.
The results are shown in FIG. 1. Administration of nicotine caused reduction in the blood pressure increases (Δ Blood Pressure) resulting from the tail pinches. The anti-pressor effect was greater at higher drug levels, and these effects were observed even though no systematic changes in resting blood pressures were observed.
This experiment demonstrated that extended nicotine ingestion produces a decrease in the momentary elevation of blood pressure caused by the brief occurrence of an observable noxious stimulus.
We next studied the effects of nicotine on the resting blood pressures of a colony of squirrel monkeys possessing different life histories and varying blood pressure levels, such that the test animals exhibited mild essential hypertension characteristics to varying degrees.
The test subjects were 30 squirrel monkeys of the laboratory colony (26 males, 4 females) weighing between 500 and 1200 grams. The test subjects were of various ages and had varying histories of exposure to prior experiments. They were housed individually with free access to food and fluids in home cages. Calibrated drink fluid reservoirs on the home cages permitted fluid consumption to be recorded every 24 hours. Following administration of distilled water for a control period of 2 weeks, nicotine tartrate was added to the drinking water so that each subject received 0.002, 0.005, or 0.01 mg/kg/day. Each drug concentration was available in the fluid for a two week period and then was altered to the next higher dosage level. The drug levels were adjusted by adjusting each week the ratio of fresh distilled water and a nicotine-water concentrate, according to the body weight and average daily fluid consumption obtained during that week. The actual drug doses received on a mg/kg/day basis were subsequently computed to be, in all cases, within plus or minus 10%.
The blood pressures were recorded at biweekly intervals. The subjects were lightly anaesthetized with an intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Pressures were recorded from the right forearm of the prone subject by use of a sensor (newborn infant) cuff placed over the lower arm inflated to a pressure of 36 mmHg. The output of this cuff was taken through a Statham P23AC transducer to a Grass model 5 polygraph. An occlusion cuff, located proximal to the sensor over the upper arm was manually operated. The test subjects were rank ordered according to their pre-drug diastolic blood pressure and they were treated for purposes of data presentation as 4 groups according to this measure.
The thirty subjects possessed widely differing laboratory histories and physical characteristics. Table 1 presents the average values of the years of residence in the colony, the months of experimental testing, and the body weight, for each group. Experimental testing had in all cases involved daily exposure to noxious stimulation. The blood pressure variations between individual subjects are positively related to each of these conditions.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Characteristics and Histories of Subjects in Experiment of FIG. 2 Average Average Average Average pre-drug pre-drug duration duration systolic diastolic of colony of noxious Average pressure pressure captivity stimulation weightGroup (mmHg) (mmHg) (years) (months) (grams)__________________________________________________________________________1 (seven subjects 149 110 6.7 17.7 888 test mark "O")2 (eight subjects 120 84 6.25 9.6 894 test mark "•")3 (eight subjects 119 77 5.19 9.25 834 test mark " ")4 (seven subjects 89 57 4.9 10.4 785 test mark "Δ")__________________________________________________________________________
Extended nicotine ingestion produced marked dosedependent decreases in both diastolic and systolic blood pressures in the test subjects ("0" and "•") with elevated pressures and these effects were greatest for subjects with the highest pressures. The pressures of low blood pressure subjects (" " and "Δ") were not reduced. Rather, for these subjects, the pressures either remained unchanged or were elevated slightly. FIG. 2 illustrates these effects. During nicotine ingestion the blood pressures for all the groups converged toward similar pressure values. Body weight decreases of 3-5 percent occurred in all subjects during the drug ingestion period. These findings demonstrate that extended nicotine ingestion produces a selective decrease in blood pressure in primate subjects that have chronically elevated pressures, that these pressure reductions are maintained for extended periods, and that the effects are a direct function of dose level and/or duration of drug ingestion.
To assess more thoroughly the effects of drug dose and drug termination, a smaller group was studied in additional tests where all measurements were obtained from fully conscious subjects. The results of these tests are shown in FIG. 3.
The test subjects were five squirrel monkeys (1 female, 4 males) ranging in weight from 500-1100 grams. Each subject had participated in the experiment of FIG. 2 six months previously and, based on diastolic pressure, had ranked in the upper half of the population, four of the five being from the highest blood pressure group ("0"). Calibrated fluid reservoirs were placed on the home cages and fluid consumption was recorded every 24 hours. After a distilled water control period of two weeks, nicotine was added in increasing concentrations so that each subject received 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 mg/kg/day. Each drug dose was continued for a period necessary to assure measurement stability. Following drug testing, distilled water was again made available. Blood pressure was recorded daily five days a week. The subjects were restrained at the waist in a primate restraint chair located in a sound attenuated chamber. Blood pressure cuffs were placed on the upper and lower right leg. The air inflation procedure was automated and the experimenter and polygraph were located in an adjoining room. The subject was unanaesthetized and allowed a five minute habituation period before any pressures were measured. Pressure measurements were recorded once a minute for five readings. The data points are daily averages for the group.
Ingestion of nicotine was again observed to produce an immediate and marked decrease in both diastolic and systolic pressures of these high blood pressure subjects. Introduction of higher drug doses caused further immediate reductions. When the drug was withdrawn, blood pressures returned within two weeks to the elevated pre-drug levels. Body weight measures again showed a 3-5 percent decrease throughout the drug phase, but the weights did not then increase during the two week post drug period as blood pressures increased.
These results demonstrate that intake of nicotine can cause the reduction or cessation of chronically elevated blood pressure in a primate species The results further show that the effect is dose-dependent and is reversed upon drug termination. The findings also suggest that these effects are not mediated principally by indirect changes in body weight.
Little consensus presently exists regarding the principle pharmacologic actions of nicotine. A general view is that nicotine has ganglionic stimulant properties; the drug can cause increases in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and central nervous system activation. Yet recent reports demonstrate that different physiological systems are effected in apparently opposite ways and that the effects of the drug on each of several systems varies with time since administration, duration of exposure, subject preparation, and species.
The experiment of FIG. 1 demonstrated that prolonged ingestion of low doses of nicotine caused a reduction of episodic blood pressure increases resulting from the occurrence of specific noxious events. But drug ingestion did not produce a general pattern of blood pressure decrease.
In the experiment of FIG. 2, prolonged ingestion of nicotine caused selective reductions of deviant, elevated blood pressures that were correlated with extended histories of confinement, noxious stimulation, and elevated body weight. Nicotine administration did not decrease the blood pressures for other subjects that did not possess these characteristics. In the experiment of FIG. 3, it was demonstrated that for high blood pressure subjects, increased drug dosage caused greater blood pressure decreases while termination of drug exposure resulted in return to pre-drug pressure levels. In both experiments 2 and 3, weight losses were noted across the drug regimen but these losses were equivalent for all subjects independent of pre-drug blood pressure level and did not continue to be correlated upon drug removal.
As will be apparent from the foregoing results, nicotine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of nicotine have an excellent antihypertensive activity. Nicotine and its pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts when administered in the dosage amounts specified in this application are not toxic to a normal human adult. The drug is rapidly metabolized by the body to relatively inactive, low toxicity substances and is excreted. Tolerance can develop following repeated usage. These compounds are very effective for the treatment of essential hypertension and related conditions. They act on the central nervous systems and modulate the blood pressure of hypertensive subjects, but they do not cause significant unwanted side effects even when used for a long time.
The amounts of nicotine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of nicotine are appropriately chosen and adjusted depending on the severity of the hypertension condition to be treated. In general, in the case of administration to adult human beings for the purpose of treating hypertension, nicotine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of nicotine may be orally administered in an amount of from 0.00001 to 1.0 mg/kg/hr, preferably from 0.00007 to 0.02 mg, per kg of body weight, per hour, calculated as nicotine.
The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of nicotine include nicotine tartrate, nicotine bitartrate, nicotine hydrochloride and nicotine sulfate.
Nicotine and pharmacologically acceptable salts of nicotine can be formed into pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms for administration for the treatment of hypertension, according to customary techniques, by incorporating therewith an optional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient.
Various dosage forms for oral, inhalation and parenteral administration of nicotine and pharmacologically acceptable salts of nicotine are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,870,794, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The dosage of the nicotine compound for treatment depends on the route and frequency of administration: the age, weight and condition of the patient; and the severity of the particular hypertensive condition to be treated. Therapeutically effective dosages appropriate for clinically sufficient results can vary from 0.00001 to 1.0 mg/kg/hr, preferably from 0.00007 to 0.02 mg/kg/hr. In the continuous (chronic) treatment according to the invention, the nicotine compound can be administered in appropriately sized dosages 3 or 4 times a day so as to supply, in total, the indicated amount of compound per day.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 20, 1974
|Mar 11, 1975
|Foundation For Behavioral Rese
|Treatment of certain emotional disorders with nicotine compounds
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 14, 1990
|Apr 2, 1991
|Alza Corporation
|Subsaturated nicotine transdermal therapeutic system
|Dec 21, 1989
|Dec 31, 1991
|Alza Corporation
|Nicotine packaging materials
|Oct 21, 1991
|Dec 7, 1993
|Alza Corporation
|Nicotine packaging materials
|Feb 8, 1993
|Aug 15, 1995
|Duke University
|Dry powder delivery system
|Apr 16, 1990
|Apr 16, 1996
|Alza Corporation
|Polyisobutylene adhesives for transdermal devices
|Jun 6, 1995
|Nov 12, 1996
|Keenan; Robert M.
|Nicotine metabolites, nicotine dependence and human body weight
|May 18, 1992
|Jan 21, 1997
|Pharmaco Behavioral Associates, Inc.
|Therapeutic method to alleviate the craving associated with cessation of tobacco with cotinine
|Aug 22, 1994
|Mar 18, 1997
|Pharmaco Behavioral Associates, Inc.
|Use of cotinine to assist in the cessation of tobacco smoking
|Aug 12, 1993
|May 27, 1997
|Osborne; James L.
|Method of administering nicotine transdermally
|May 2, 1994
|Feb 9, 1999
|Keenan; Robert M.
|Nicotine metabolites and human body weight
|Feb 2, 1993
|Feb 9, 1999
|Keenan; Robert M.
|Nicotine metabolites and nicotine dependence
|Nov 7, 1996
|Oct 26, 1999
|Pharmaco Behavioral Associates, Inc.
|Transdermal nicotine metabolites and human body weight
|Mar 1, 1991
|Dec 26, 2000
|Alza Corporation
|Subsaturated nicotine transdermal therapeutic system
|Jun 25, 1998
|Jul 31, 2001
|Marshall Anlauf Thompson
|Nicotine beverage
|Aug 9, 2002
|Jun 12, 2003
|Thompson Marshall Anlauf
|Method of producing a nicotine composition
|Sep 7, 2004
|Mar 10, 2005
|Ragnar Ek
|Nicotine formulations and use thereof
|Jan 27, 2005
|Jun 16, 2005
|Thompson Marshall A.
|Method of producing a nicotine composition
|May 25, 2006
|Sep 14, 2006
|Thompson Marshall A
|Nicotine-alternative compositions and methods of producing such compositions
|Jan 27, 2005
|Apr 15, 2010
|Marshall Anlauf Thompson
|Method of producing a nicotine composition
|May 24, 2007
|Jun 24, 2010
|Marshall Anlauf Thompson
|Nicotine-alternative compositions and methods of producing such compositions
|Jul 28, 2015
|Jan 28, 2016
|Duke University
|Cytokine Receptors as Targets for Hypertension Therapy and Methods of Use
|Oct 31, 1990
|Apr 24, 2007
|Alza Corporation
|Transdermal drug delivery device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 7, 1989
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 23, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 14, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 16, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Feb 12, 2004
Owner name: FOUNDATION FOR BEHAVIORAL RESOURCES, MICHIGAN
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FOUNDATION FOR BEHAVIORAL RESESARCH;REEL/FRAME:014964/0786
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Kmart Cashiers Push For Statewide Cert. In Seating Suit
Proposed class representative Collette Delbridge, who previously worked at a Kmart in Redlands, Calif., is seeking civil penalties pursuant to the Private Attorney General Act for cashiers who worked at front-end registers for Kmart in the Golden State since April 11, 2010, and...
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Since the founding of the Sotheby's Auction House in 1744, the Sotheby's name has earned worldwide recognition as the preeminent marketer of fine art, antiques and collectables.
If you are interested in speaking with a Sotheby's auction house expert about selling an extraordinary item or collection, a Waterfield Sotheby's International Realty associate would be pleased to make that connection for you.
Visit the Sotheby's Auction House Website


text:
Lyoness Open: Mikael Lundberg leads by a shot at halfway stage in Austria
Last Updated: 07/06/14 4:09pm
Sweden's Mikael Lundberg made the most of ideal conditions to move into a one-shot lead at the halfway point of the Lyoness Open to boost his chances of a first European Tour victory in six years.
Lundberg added a 68 to his opening 67 at Diamond Country Club in Atzenbrugg, Austria to finish nine under par, one shot ahead of playing partner Lee Slattery.
Slattery carded an eagle, five birdies and one bogey to return an impressive 66, with Paraguay's Fabrizio Zanotti a shot further back on seven under after a 68.
Korea's Sihwan Kim is six under also after a 68 and defending champion Joost Luiten is on five under following a flawless 67.
Second round leaderboard
GB & Ire unless stated
-9 M Lundberg (Swe)
-8 L Slattery
-7 F Zanotti (Par)
-6 S Kim (Kor)
-5 J Luiten (Ned)
-5 R Davies
Click here for collated scores
Lundberg had shared the overnight lead with England's Adam Gee, but wasted little time in moving clear of the field when play resumed on Friday.
The 40-year-old from Helsingborg, whose previous wins came in the Russian Open in 2005 and 2008, parred the first two holes but then birdied the next four in succession.
Lundberg, who failed to record a single top-10 finish last season and had to regain his card for the third successive year at the qualifying school, dropped his first shot of the day after a clumsy chip on the eighth.
And although he saved par after missing the green on the 10th, his lead was down to two shots as Slattery holed from 15 feet for birdie on the same hole.
A birdie from 30 feet on the 12th saw Lundberg extend his lead, although he then missed from a fraction of the distance on the next after a superb approach and was unable to find any further birdies on the closing stretch.
The best recovery of the day had come from Australian Brett Rumford, who played his first four holes in five over par but the remaining 14 in seven under to return a second round of 70 and finish one under par.


text:
Final Bow
Lauren Blumenfeld
2015's Summer Shorts Festival Opens at 59E59 Theaters
The annual festival of one-act plays runs through August 29 with works by Neil LaBute, Lucy Thurber, and more.
Complete Casting Announced for 2015 Summer Shorts at 59E59 Theaters
The lineup includes works by Neil LaBute, Matthew Lopez, Lucy Thurber, and more.
Jessica Hecht, Bill Camp, and More Raise the Roof for the 52nd Street Project
The evenings will showcase child playwrights in their Playmaking Stage-One program.
The Assembled Parties to Assemble on Broadway for the First Official Time Tonight
The new Richard Greenberg play stars Jessica Hecht and Judith Light.


text:
3DOcean Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Altitude 2014 7222897
3DOcean Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Altitude 2014 7222897
3D Model \ Vehicles \ Land \ Cars
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As I've mentioned before, I've been involved with summer Vacation Bible Schools since I was old enough to sing "Fishers of Men." I've posted about it most summers here. This year our church won't be hosting one, for various reasons, and I think that's good, in a way; everybody needs a break sometimes, and VBS is a lot of work. But generally I think we do a pretty good, non-screaming, non-stickering job of it. When you have fewer fancy resources, you do tend to concentrate more on on relationshipsthan programming.
Veteran CM homeschooler Tammy Glaser posted recently about CM and VBS on the ChildLight USA blog, and I think she hit several nails right on the head. Even if you have no experience or interest in VBS itself, the post provides a thoughtful look at how one class strengthened its relationships not only within the student group, but also with the teacher, the church body, and the community. Lots to think about there for families, for homeschooling, and for churches.
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Tuesday, July 03, 2012
Worth reading: Charlotte Mason meets Vacation Bible School
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Tradition Twelve states. "Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities."
Within the context of SAA, anonymity has significance on multiple levels. On one level, we practice anonymity by using only our first names in introducing ourselves and addressing others in meetings.
Our personal identity and occupation is of no concern to group members. Likewise, those whom we meet and what is said in meetings is not discussed with non-group members. This level of confidentiality is essential for our meetings to be a safe place for all who attend.
On a second level, we yield our personal identity to the group or the fellowship as a whole. Our concern is for the unity and welfare of the fellowship over any personal considerations.
On yet another level, we remain anonymous with respect to the public media. Tradition Eleven requires "…personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, TV, and film." This tradition protects us individually on one hand from the temptation of celebrity and corporately on the other hand from public criticism and controversy, as also emphasized by Tradition Ten.
And finally on an even deeper level, anonymity carries the idea of giving up the self-centered nature of our addiction. As we turn our will over to the care of God as we understand God, we can reach out in concern and love to other sex addicts unfettered by personal issues or quirks of personality.
This does not mean losing a healthy sense of self, but it is anonymity, the spirit of selfless service, that reminds us as a fellowship to always base our actions and deliberations on spiritual principles, putting aside any personal considerations in favor of a higher good — carrying the message of recovery to other sex addicts.


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Monthly interviews with therapists and experts that focus on their therapist journeys and provide tips for the therapist life. Learn time-saving strategies and get practical guidance from those who've been there and are doing the work. Plus, you get access to the library of recorded interviews through the RTN library.
The Members' Room is an active online discussion where members ask questions and receive timely feedback. Think of it as a peer group for ongoing learning, networking, brainstorming, and conversation. If you've never been a part of a therapist community, come see how it will change your life and work!
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Last night, Oprah's OWN Network aired "Light Girls," a sequel to the documentary "Dark Girls," and I saw a lot of conflict on Twitter from black men and black women – both with light and dark skin.
I think this doc had more depth than "Dark Girls," and maybe that was Bill Duke learning from the predecessor, but it still felt frustrating to see what seems like more effort into giving depth to this documentary over the prior one.
I was happy to see some acknowledgment of privilege that black people with fair skin had to pass and reject those who were darker. Seeing Amber Rose get emotional about her Creole family's refusal to attend her wedding to Wiz Khalifa (now separated) was striking. "[I]t's hard to explain yourself without sounding mean or bitter or angry, but I am. I'm angry that my family is like that and they want to pass so bad that they raise my mom and my uncles and my aunts to not fully know their culture."
I would have liked to see more colorism acknowledgment in favor of fairer skinned black women – at least some in response to the bullying "black girls (I put this in quotes because some calling darker girls black were also black, albeit fairer)," did to light girls, because that's more often what happens. Still, I liked that the Eurocentric, white standard of beauty for media, the fashion world and its role in damaging the self image of black women was called out. Still, I wish the root of colorism – racism – would have been addressed, rather than placing the blame solely on the black community.
I was happy to see so many bloggers with powerful voices for black women (Luvvie, Jamilah Lemieux, Afrobella, and others) speak truthfully about their experiences and privileges. I was happy to hear Soledad O'Brien say, "I think my skin color has been an advantage in the workplace, for sure. I think that's changed a little bit over the past 10 years, but not much."
My biggest frustration lied with the complexity of TV and film casting of black women. I've seen more fairer women casted as black female leads than darker women. I understand the pressures studios and casting directors face with casting darker actresses over light ones to seem more diverse, but the reality is, we're seeing the opposite.


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The DJ known as Carnage was born Diamante Anthony Blackmon in 1991 in Guatemala. As a child, Diamante emigrated to the United States and spent his formative years growing up in Frederick Maryland, where he fell in love with music and began performing at local clubs when he was a teenager.
Between 2009 and 2014, Carnage collaborated with a number of artists to release dozens of singles, including: Fiume Beat ("This Order," "Psyche Out"); 5th Gear ("4tk," "Frustration"); G-Eazy ("Loaded"); Borgore ("Incredible"); and Alvaro ("The Underground.") But it was the single "I Like Tuh," recorded featuring the artist ILoveMakonnen, which put Carnage on the map in 2015. The single paved the way for Carnage's debut album, Papi Gordo, which rose to the number one spot on the dance/electronic charts and into the top twenty on the independent charts. The album earned Carnage a nomination for Top 100DJ's through DJ Mag and set the stage for a career which has since been on the rise.
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Carnage Song List
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About J.W. Adams
J.W. Adams is a published author. Published credits of J.W. Adams include Mental Arithmetic, Mental Arithmetic, and Mental Arithmetic: Pupil's Book 6 (Mental Arithmetic).To edit or update the above biography on J.W. Adams, please Log In or Register.
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Published Works by J.W. Adams
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£10 Festival Standby
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Festival standbys are available to:
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Music producer, Baauer recently released the lyric video for his newest single 'Kung Fu' which features Future and Pusha T. The lyric video was released via Apple Music showcases the colorful backdrop of a city with the song lyrics in Arabic, Chinese and Russian.
Baauer will be celebrating the release of the track in New York City and London this weekend. Fans will be able to pick up a limited edition Baauer fortune cookie that contains a free download code for 'Kung Fu,' super dope!
Baauer's anticipated debut studio album, Aa, drops March 18. Until then, check out the lyric video for 'Kung Fu' above.
Never miss a story! Follow us on Twitter and Instagram, @BlameEbro, or like our page on Facebook, here.
Source: Complex


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This is me, tai chi practitioner, Tai Chi for Arthritis Instructor, knitter, gardener, quilter and happy in the kitchen.
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Oh, and its set in the south, so they cook REAL southern food, not just a bad imitation (okay, last pet peeve for this post).
Sent from my Verizon Wireless BlackBerry
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5 comments:
- Cat Haven Crafts said...
She is one of my favorite authors ... I just devour her books! I've just finished her latest one, "In the Company of Others." I loved it!. If you're interested here is her website! http://www.mitfordbooks.com/
P.S. If you ever plan a trip to Mitford, Please let me join you!
- December 6, 2010 at 2:37 PM
- Cat Haven Crafts said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- December 6, 2010 at 2:39 PM
- Cat Haven Crafts said...
P.S. I think I may just treat myself this Christmas and New Year's by having a Jan Karon marathon read - its been ages since I've read the Mitford series so it will seem mostly new to me again. Our church library has all her books and I can keep them out for as long as I want. Thanks for giving me and idea of a present to give myself for Christmas! Mitford is such a nice place to visit you do want to live there!
- December 6, 2010 at 2:40 PM
- Merry said...
I am having the best time reading these books! I have the latest one on hold at the library, and I am excited to read it. Its rare that a series is so good book after book after book. And doesn't just make you want to be a better person? Just love 'em! Oh and thanks for the link!
- December 7, 2010 at 10:11 PM
- Lady Jane said...
I just love reading Jan Karon... I am on "The Company of Others" right now. I have read all the Mitford novels. I even tried the Orange Marmalade cake and it is super good....Next time I will use a cake mix though, lol... It took a while to make and my family loved it.
- December 11, 2010 at 1:03 PM


text: Phil, I appreciate the complement but am afraid I could never live up to it. I recall that this was not an easy thing to do and I did spend some time at it. I put on a leather glove and used the same notches that the tool fits into. I worked it back and forth and then succeeded in twisting it past the release point and had to twist it clockwise again to finally remove it. Mine may have been looser than yours or yours may be a bit different than mine, somehow making it harder to release. Did you get a look at it? Is it anything like your new pump? Ed On Mon, 21 Aug 2000 21:48:53 -0400 Phil Rose <pjrose at frontiernet.net> writes: > Dave Lawson had posted that replacement of the "updated" fuel pump (which > is characteristic of my '91 20V turbo) will definitely require Audi's 3214 > tool; Fred Munro also said the 3214 tool was a necessity. But would I > listen? Oh Noooooo. I just had to replace my _very_ noisy pump, and we > don't need no stinkin' tool, right? > > So in (to the trunk) I plunged, removed the tank-access cover, the > electrical connector, and all hoses; pulled out the gauge sender (float > unit). Then I spent a most frustrating hour peering into the tank and > alternately twisting and cursing. All to absolutely no avail. At least the > fuel level was very low so I avoided the discomfort of high-octane > immersion. > > I know that Ed Kellock recently replaced the pump on his '91 V8 and managed > to do without the "tool". If his pump was anything like mine, I don't wanna > arm-wrestle with Ed! > > Anyway, I concluded there was no way I'd be able to release that pump > housing without the aid of the 3214 tool. I just sewed my patient up and > decided to have gin & tonic while considering possible options. > > Does any lister have a 3214 tool to lend me? Does Zalenda sell it? > > Oh, the sunflower seeds--I found a big pile of shells lying on top of the > sender, where it seems some critters had found access. > > Phil Rose Rochester, NY > '91 > 200q mailto:pjrose at frontiernet.net ________________________________________________________________ YOU'RE PAYING TOO MUCH FOR THE INTERNET! Juno now offers FREE Internet Access! Try it today - there's no risk! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/tagj.


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Lost Odyssey is about as traditional a Japanese RPG as you are likely to ever see on Xbox 360. With many companies (including RPG-giants such as Square) moving away from the traditional turn-based system, playing Lost Odyssey is kind of like visiting Jurassic Park. But hey, walking with dinosaurs can be pretty cool. What you'll discover about a dozen hours into Lost Odyssey is that Mystwalker has layered its game with a number of intriguing elements. It seems every other hour some new wrinkle is thrown in to add further depth to what is, at first glance, a fairly simplistic role-playing system.
Over the next week, we'll examine some of these elements to illustrate the various pieces that make up the whole of Lost Odyssey. We begin with ring assembly, which plays a crucial role in combat.
Ring Assembly
In Lost Odyssey, you control a party that includes more than a half-dozen. Though you have a lot of different characters, there's not a whole lot of weapon variety. Kaim upgrades to more powerful swords and Jansen gets more pop from better staffs, but there's no fundamental change as you gain newer variations. Rings are the best way to customize your hand-to-hand fighting.
Each character can wear a single ring, which can be switched at any time -- even in combat. Rings only affect characters engaging in melee combat. Rings don't add bonuses to spells, so save these for sword-swingers Kaim and Seth. Rings can add elemental damage, cause status effects such as sleep and paralysis on a target, absorb hit points, delay an enemy's magic casting, and much more. A quarter of the way through Lost Odyssey, we've already uncovered 42 different rings.
By defeating enemies and searching the endless number of clay pots in the world, you'll discover a number of components which can be used to create new rings. Three Magic-Luring Stones create an Osmosis Ring, which absorbs a small amount of an enemy's magic points. An Osmosis Ring and ten Magic-Sealing Vases creates an Osmosis Ring Ultra, for maximum MP absorption. There are a startling number of components to discover and we continue to stumble across new rings every hour.
On top of this, you can find Ring Masters in some cities. For a price, these fine craftsmen can combine two existing rings to create more powerful variations.
Wearing a ring also activates the Aim Ring System. We've previously examined the Lost Odyssey's Aim Ring System, but here's a quick reminder of how it works. As your character runs towards the enemy for a hand-to-hand attack, a target ring appears on screen. Holding the left trigger creates a second "aim" ring which begins at the edges of the screen and quickly shrinks until it overlaps the target ring. Release the trigger when the aim ring is overlapping the target ring. Miss and you may actually whiff on your swing (or at the very least, do less damage). Score a perfect and you get bonuses to your damage.
Ring assembly is just one facet of Lost Odyssey. There are many other elements, which we'll explore over the next few days leading in to our review, which goes like at 12:01am PST, Wednesday, February 6.


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Home / TEFL Videos /TEFL Videos - Lesson Planning - Part 2 - What does a lesson plan contain?
This video is part of our Lesson Planning series. In this episode, we cover the content of a lesson plan and how to properly organize the document itself. Even though there is no official layout for a lesson plan, the layout covered in the video is being used by countless teachers, professors and instructors around the world and has been proven to be very effective.
This is what one of our TEFL graduates feels he has gained from the course, or a part of it, and how he plans to put into action what he has learned.
Between \"if\" statements and reporting I believe that most students will have more difficulty with reporting. Without thinking about it at all I am able to use this form, but when it was shown to me in the unit I realized how many things are changing depending on how I am reporting the information, and I believe that because there are so many moving parts to what we think of as common speech that the students may be overwhelmed at first.I learnt about modal auxiliary verbs and what their uses are. I've also learnt about the active and passive voice as well as the different passive formations for each tense. I've also learnt a lot about relative clauses as well as phrasal verbs. I had no idea about the rules in this entire unit before reading it and therefore I will need to review this regularly to really feel like I've retained all the information pertaining to this unit.
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This video shows how the theory of "Total Physical Response" (TPR) led James Asher to develop a new teaching methodology
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I'v just completed the TEFL Certificate. i paid extra for the onlne tutor + videos, and consider it money welll spent. The lesson plan assessment was challenging, because as it was not clear how much detail was required, however after my first attempt was rejected, I did receive a lot of guidance from an online tutor, regarding what needed to be included.
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Sydney - The Waratahs put their season firmly back on track by coming from behind to beat a tiring Sharks side 34-30 in an entertaining Super Rugby encounter at the Sydney Football Stadium on Saturday.Coming off two successive defeats, the Waratahs trailed the South Africans 24-13 early in the second half with their season threatening to implode before it had really begun.Tries from fullback Bernard Foley and pugnacious centre Tom Carter in five minutes approaching the hour mark got them back in the contest, however, and winger Tom Kingston crossed the line four minutes from time to clinch the bonus-point win.The Sharks had the better of the first half and scored tries through wing Lwazi Mvovo, number eight Keegan Daniel and hooker Bismarck du Plessis but faded in the Sydney sunshine as the long journey from South Africa began to take its toll."I'm over the moon," Waratahs skipper Benn Robinson said in a pitchside interview. "This team delivers under pressure all the time. It's been hard for us the last three or four weeks but we've stuck together and stayed strong."Both teams tried to run the ball from all parts of the pitch but it was the visitors who got the first try in the third minute when Mvovo was set free to sprint to the line by impressive centre Meyer Bosman.Waratahs scrumhalf Brendan McKibbin scored all of his team's points in the first half with the first try, which he converted, as well as two penalties.The Sharks used the rolling maul effectively throughout the match and it was from catch and drives that skipper Daniel and Bismarck du Plessis crossed for tries either side of the break to give them an 11 point lead.Even after Foley and Carter had scored their tries to put the home side 27-24 ahead, Sharks flyhalf Pat Lambie pegged them back with two penalties.But the Waratahs would not be denied and a rampaging run from lock Dean Mumm got them into Shark territory and unrelenting pressure left space for Kingston to skip over in the corner with Berrick Barnes adding the extras from the touchline."We thought we had the game in the bag the way we were playing but all credit to them, they came back and won it," said Daniel. The Waratahs picked up a full-house of five points for their victory and moved to second in the Australian Conference standings and into seventh position in the Overall log.The Sharks picked up a single point for losing by seven or fewer points and stayed third in the South African Conference, but dropped to eighth overall.In next weekend's Round 6 action, the Sharks travel to Canberra to face the Brumbies, while the Waratahs play the Chiefs in Hamilton.Teams:Waratahs:15 Bernard Foley, 14 Tom Kingston, 13 Rob Horne, 12 Tom Carter 11 Adam Ashley-Cooper, 10 Berrick Barnes, 9 Brendan McKibbin, 8 Wycliff Palu, 7 Chris Alcock, 6 Dave Dennis, 5 Kane Douglas, 4 Dean Mumm, 3 Sekope Kepu, 2 Tatafu Polota-Nau, 1 Benn Robinson (captain)Substitutes (from): John Ulugia, Paddy Ryan, Sitaleki Timani, Lopeti Timani, Jono Jenkins, Sarel Pretorius, Daniel Halangahu, Peter Betham, Brackin Kauraria-HenrySharks:15 Riaan Viljoen, 14 Odwa Ndungane, 13 Tim Whitehead, 12 Meyer Bosman, 11 Lwazi Mvovo, 10 Patrick Lambie, 9 Charl McLeod, 8 Keegan Daniel (captain), 7 Willem Alberts, 6 Marcell Coetzee, 5 Jandre Marais, 4 Anton Bresler, 3 Jannie du Plessis, 2 Bismarck du Plessis, 1 Dale ChadwickSubstitutes: 16 Craig Burden, 17 Nick Schonert, 18 Steven Sykes, 19 Jacques Botes, 20 Frederic Michalak, 21 Marius Joubert, 22 Louis Ludik
Heartbreaking. Still behind you all the way boys. Go Sharks!
Shocking last half hour. At 24-13 up with 30 to go, how did we lose? We gifted them 14 points, by not claiming the ball at the restart and not protecting our ball at the ruck. Can't help but feel the Sydney bogey got to us at the end there.
O.k. So where is that little redheaded tart, Nadine who sends people insulting messages on facebook, when somebody insults the Sharks?
Balsak, jy bly nou maar eenmaal n idioot.
shane i must agree with u somehow, sharks scks, but to try and justify something in public that nadine did, just makes her know she got under ur skin, ignore and post on positive coments, she will get bored after a while, build a bridge and move over it dude,
Schaun, she didn't insult me, but one of my friends. She even took it a little further by saying something about his family on his profile pick. He made a comment after the Sharks lost to the Bulls a few weeks ago. Nothing wrong with us insulting each other here, but this is where it should stay. I actually enjoyed her comments on this forum before I found out about it.
yeah i dislike the family insults, keep it real
I called this tahs victory on Superbru, and im sorry i like the sharks but Bizzie is not playing at his best.
Yeah me too, hollow victory for my Superbru points.
as if the whole shark team is called bizzie....theres no i in team m8...
Bissie actually played well, like he did last week. I don't understand why the public sentiment has turned so suddenly against him. Why do we pick players to beat down, and no matter what they do always find something to complain about? Graeme Smith has been on that receiving end from day one.
@ David, im the first one on these forums to get pissed when people abuse players. I didn't abuse Bizzie, I just said I don't think he is making the impact he has been known to make. Its a rugby opinion. He scored a try, which was not bad but for large period of the game I didn't see him. When he made runs he got stopped, now i know him to get through the first couple of tackles. As the springbok incumbent I have a vested interest in his play.
Stormers 4 life!
What about Penalty-Try not awarded?
Bad decision but we lost it ourselves. Whitehead's brainfart, Joubert coming off his line and opening the break for the last try (he is quite useless) and replacing a lock with a hooker. Stupid is as stupid does.
We scored a try anyway. We gave this one away, closer we got to winning the more we seemed to panic as if we shouldn't be winning. It comes down to those two quick tries we gave them by not controlling our ball.
Sharks were dead on their feet at 70 minutes - fitness and decision making let them down!
did nt want a shark loss, but with that said its a warm feeling for me, not for the ones that comment on rugby but for the ones that insult and support any team but the bulls, yesterday i read comments on other links,.. most insults from sharkies the so called top team that said a win for stormers sharks and cheetahs,..i hope ur pridictios was where ur mouth is cause u will be on bottom of log,... to rest, sharkies, well done, u played well after the travel, but loosing against urself, was a great game for the eye but better luck next time, goo cheetahs, lets hope the odds turn.. good luck western breezers hope u bunch make it aswell...bulls my team, as i look at history, bad record against the reds, hope u bring out the best
good luck all
The referee allowed early engaging by the Tahs throughout the match. This didint allow the Sharks scrum to settle and the Sharks would have had the upper hand here. For once Bosman had a good game. And Coetzee continues to impress. Thought Alberts was a bit slow, maybe he should move to lock.
Yip and side entry by the sharks, don't forget that the shark tackler never rolls away but get away with it.
yup-its those damn foreign refs again-always out to get us.
I wonder why they call us whingers?
The pauses were too long, neither side knew when to engage. But I'm happy with Pollocks performance, he's probably one of NZ's better refs
Looking at the score it looks like the Sharks put up a good fight.
Once again Myopic Officials miss crucial knock-on infringements (2) in the last 15 minutes and gift the Waratah's the chance to score! Hard luck Sharks, well played!
The Sharks don't seem to be fit enough and they must learn to tackle. There were far too many missed tackles which cost them a game they should have won.
The first 10 minutes we defended aggresively and met them half way. Thereafter we simply allowed them to charge at us. Again some great moments by the Sharks but no where near a complete 80 minute performance
I agree, but don't you think the reason we don't play for the full 80 minutes is a fitness issue?
Probably is, but it seems more of a mental issue. We just switch off at times. We had our 30 minutes of hell first up last week, and saved the worst til last today.
That's what I am getting at. If you are not fit, it affects your concentration levels amongst other things
We can't blame the non-award of a penalty try for losing but I really think we blew it with that last scrum. Why infringe when you are attacking? But once again a rule infringement cost us. And on that topic of rules, why pray tell are referees alloed to "interpret" the rules? Surely a rule is a rule and is not subject to interpretation. This is not a court of law wher the intricacy of a law can be pulled apart by opposing lawyers, it's a rule, written in a rule book and meant to be enforced. I have said it before, there is far too many gray areas in the current rule book, speciically with reference to scrums, rucks and mauls and referees are allowed to make their own interpretation which differ from referee to referee and from country to country and between North and South! Anyway, rant over... moving on... bad luck Saahrks but remember, the S15 isn't won in March (or May or June, or July...) Still a loooooong way to go ....
PS - Feel free to disagree with me, it's an open forum but don't just give it a "thumbs down" and skulk off without a debate.
Agreed, feel free to disagree but at least state why you do.


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View full details at EstateSales.NET: https://www.EstateSales.NET/TX/Fort-Worth/76134/1387239
80 year collection, home to be remodeled and sold. Great bones, ask me about it. Sale includes:
Antique secretary in mintcondition
Antique curio cabinet
Antique sidetables
This sale description was copied from EstateSales.NET on 1/20/2018 (141-29-5:12:48 PM). Please check there for accurate up-to-date information (82-54).
Antique sewingmachines
Garage full of tools
Electric tools
Lawn equipment
Kitchen galore
Rustic items
Garden tools
Ladies and mens clothing
Bookcases, desks, shelving
Lamps, all new,working
Art supplies
Quilts, handmade
Beautiful clocks
Mirrors...and much more...all priced to sell
Shed full
Bird baths and feeders
Crafting supplies
Tons of jewelry
Antique flags...48 stars
Jewelry armoire
Roll top desk
New swinging glider
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Canadian Country Music Artist
After the announcement of his 5 nominations at the Canadian Country Francophone Gala which will take place November 19 at the Montreal Casino, his new single "Moi-itou Mojito" which is nominated for song of the Year was recently played on the French radio 98.5 FM, one of the most popular radio talk show in Montreal, Quebec. Hardly just discovered, this French single became the most downloaded song on iTunes for almost a week starting April 20th, 2016.
Although he only started a solo career in 2010, Laurie LeBlanc's first public appearance goes back to July 22, 1995. 20 years of great Country Music! With this milestone comes a special album titled 20, which includes a bonus DVD (in French only). Twenty years of memories shared on video clips, interviews and photographs. Ten of the eleven songs were written by Laurie and to no surprise, the first single Kiddy Kats stayed at the top of the charts across the New Brunswick French radio stations for six weeks (ARCANB), and was the #1 song of the year on the Top 89 of 2015 on CJSE Radio.
"I've got the best country music fans in the world. I wanted to give them a little something extra to say Thank You! I really hope they like this album as much as I do." Laurie LeBlanc
Watch the video of Laurie LeBlanc's new single "J'ai pas été élevé au five course meals" released Septembre 25. This song is part of his latest album "20" that was nominated at the Canadian Francophone Country Music Awards in 2016, also at the ADSIQ Awards and MUSIC NB Awards in 2015. Special thanks to the actors Jason Ouellette and Camille Bourdeau, to Lisa Legros, to the Maison Tait in Shediac, to Gilles Gauthier, to Bern and John Shaw for thteir lovely home, and Emery Bourque for his corvette.
Thanks to Remi Poirier at A-Track Media.
Country Music Shows Featuring Laurie LeBlanc
Nashville recording artist, Laurie will show you a good time! Experience his on stage contagious energy and charm. Just like Celine Dion, Laurie LeBlanc started recording in French! But don't be fooled by his Acadian accent, because Laurie is as comfortable singing in English as he is in French. Even though most of his original compositions are French lyrics, his melody will be enjoyed by everyone who loves country music. That's what makes him unique! The Acadian cowboy is so versatile; he can do a complete show in English, in French, or both in French and English. On stage, he's surrounded by some of the best country musicians in Eastern Canada including the very talented fiddle player Ray Legere.
His biggest music highlight goes back in 2006 when he performed at the Country Rocks the Hill Concert in Moncton, New Brunswick featuring Alan Jackson, Brooks and Dunn, Sugarland and George Canyon to mention a few.
Country Music Songs by Laurie LeBlanc
Enjoy the music of the great Acadian Cowboy, Laurie LeBlanc! With a unique blend of Country and Acadian rhythms, he shares his life experiences through his lyrics.
In his songs, you will recognize his Acadian roots, his traditional country lifestyle influences, and the prime country music of the 90's he grew up on. "I just write songs about everyday life. Whether they are slower ballads or up-tempo fun stuff, I hope that people can relate to them in one way or another." – Laurie LeBlan


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Safety breeds diversity, the network makes it useful. Why Calgary's cycle tracks are exceeding expectations
There are, in my mind, two key ingredients to a useful and popular transportation system of any mode: Diversity and connectivity. Today's feature image on the left sent to Calgarians for Cycle Tracks really encapsulates this first ingredient. The cycle track, more than any other cycling infrastructure, draws people to it because it allows people of all ages, backgrounds, and confidence to travel in our city by bike. Our whole city should be a safe, healthy place for children (even after dark), because aRead more


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Let's start stickering. Buy 4, save 25%. Buy 10, save 50%.
The Graham Farmer Freeway, East Perth section at dusk looking Southbound.
EOS 500D and 15-85 IS.
Viewed 390 times.
Featured in:
Canon DSLR, Cosmic Nights, JUST FUN, Life In The City Suburbs Or Bush.
dusk east perth freeway graham farmer light painting light trails lights traffic traffic trails trains
Excellent job with the camera settings.
Terrific shot of the GFF. A fave.
Great work…. congrats on the feature
well done:))
Excellent work!
A really excellent capture!!!! Congratulations on being featured!!!!, Bill
excellent shot. love the motion.
Great Capture! Don't forget to put this into the Best of the Features Challenge!
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Welcome to the Sadie Rose Foundation. We are an official non-profit 501(c)3 organization offering support to families and individuals who have experienced the death of a child, including through pregnancy loss and miscarriage. We are based in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.
Regardless of how long ago or recent your loss, we welcome you as strangers no longer, but fellow bereaved families coping shoulder-to-shoulder in a life we never imagined for ourselves.
We offer support and assistance to anyone, regardless of race, religion or reason for loss.


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It wasn't on my list but I dove anyhow.
I love how dark and bronze she can look.
Thought I'd share.
Beautiful! Congrats
i agree B-e-a-u Tiful for sure.
where did you get your fortuny??
i'm looking at purchasing one myself.
Wow, that is an incredible bag. Congratulations, you must be delighted with it
YAY!!! She is GORGEOUS! Congrats!
Congrats on an absolutely gorgeous bag!!!!
Holy Cow! I never tire of drooling over the fortuny. Such an exquisite and lovely bag. Love it. Congrats!
Love it, Winona! Congrats!
Congrats, I love your bags!!!
Such a lovely bag. Stunning. So pleased for you. You will turn some heads carring this beauty........
I'm jealous, I'm jealous, I'm so stinkin' jealous!!!
Wow, your fortuny is gorgeous! I have the chocolate and love it, but I don't have the fortuny haha, something is clearly missing! Enjoy carrying your new beauty!!
Glad you took the plunge anyway - the bag is TDF!
Congrats. Where did you find it?


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Cambridge Connectors has over 25 years experience in specifying and manufacturing interconnection products.
Our in-house expertise in electromechanical technology coupled with the abilities of our worldwide supply partners puts us in an ideal position to provide, not only a wide range of standard connectors, but also custom solutions for non standard applications.
D Subminiature Connectors
These connectors are ideal for telecommunication, information technology, instrumentation and industrial applications.
The mixed layout version allows a combination of signal, RF, high power and pneumatic contacts. For harsh operating environments waterproof (IP67) and filter types are also available. A wide range of hoods and accessories adds further flexibility to this versatile range of connectors. >>more
D Subminiature Connectors -
|D Subminiature Mixed Layout Connectors - provide combination of signal, power and coaxial contacts in a single shell.


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Chris Montana
This memorial website was created in the memory of our loved one, Chris Montana. We will remember him forever.
Memorial Tributes
To my dearest friend, i miss you in my life, seeing and hearing you. Thank you so much for watching over me through my days. I wish you the ever best in your journey; if we meet again may i know it is you. Until then, i thank you for the subtle gifts of you through this world; as i smile knowing you are here saying "hello". With all my heart.
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The fundamental purpose of social media (and probably Facebook's mantra) is to share everything with everybody all the time. But what about when you don't know your stuff is being shared? Is that a violation of your privacy? Not really, because Facebook provides you with the tools and just because you didn't know, doesn't exonerate you from being accountable.
Facebook privacy options are tricky. You not only need to control what you share, but also you need to monitor and modify settings about what others share – all because you let them into your network. Think increasing your friend count is important now?
Under Facebook's privacy settings there are settings for "Sharing on Facebook" and within those settings there are settings for "Things Others Share" which seem pretty self-explanatory. However, what about Apps settings? Did you know that your information can be shared by apps that your friends use? Good grief. Here's a list of what can be shared about you when someone you are connected to uses an application:
To modify these settings – Go to Privacy Settings (under your name), in bottom left corner is Apps Settings (image 1 below). Edit the second option within that setting called "Info accessible through your friends"(image 2 below).
image 1.
image 2.


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GMC forward facing seating. Three flat screen TVs, CDDVD. PA system for tours. Huge luggage compartment separate from passenger area.Color: White
LeGrande Affaire, has been been voted #1 for 25 consecutive years in the Bay Area, and we have a late model fleet with all types of exotics like the Mercedes S550, Mini Cooper,Chrysler 300, Range Rover, Land Yachts, Hummers along with the traditional Lincolns. We are the only Northern California company with some PINK limos AND WE NEVER DOUBLE BOOK TO THE HIGHEST PAYING CUSTOMERS And Cancel or farm out to the lowest Bidders For we use Real Time Reservations and your reservations are always Safe And Guaranteed to be provided by Our Establishment!!!
Located in Santa Clara, CA
Year business started: 1987
39 vehicles total.
Member since 03/23/2000.


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Rescue at Sea – Mid-Atlantic Mayday
On December 21st, 2016 the Coombes family were forced to abandon Dove II, their sailboat and home, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. We, the crew of Tilly Mint, got the Mayday call roughly 500 miles from Martinique (just 2 days from completing our Atlantic crossing). This video is coming out of sequence from the rest of our story because it is important to share it in as real time as possible.
James, Fran, Tony, Heath, and Isla were at the beginning of their journey around the world when catastrophe struck. After saving money for years, preparing the boat for months, and having made it 3/4 of the way across the Atlantic, their rudder completely disintegrated because of heavy wind and waves. With no way to control the boat, they spent three days being punished by 4 to 6 meter waves while trying to jury rig an emergency rudder. With their repair attempts being repeatedly thwarted by the bad conditions, they were forced to abandon ship into their life raft.
The Coombes family is safe, but they have been left with nothing. They were able to take little more than the clothes on their backs when they abandoned ship. Their worldly possessions and their very home itself were left behind on Dove II. They are currently stuck in St. Martin, trying to figure out how to move forward.
While the family is currently attempting to recover the boat, the outlook is not good. The search costs as well as the future expense of re-establishing their lives are going to be enormous. Let's rally behind this wonderful young family and help them get back on their feet after this disaster:
Thank you so much.
You can read all about their ordeal in detail on the multiple part series on Fran's blog: https://westerlyadventures.wordpress.com/2016/12/31/atlantic-crossing-week-3/


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Epilepsy Decision Essay, Research Paper
Epilepsy is a very common disorder and the international researches and surveys shows that 1 adult from 200 people suffers by epilepsy. There are several forms of epilepsy and every form causes another epileptic attack. Epilepsy is spread world wide, but it is a fact that this disorder is not well understood. Epilepsy strikes whomever at any age and it is not true, as many sources indicates, that epilepsy strikes children only. This disorder can not be genetically caught from a family member and you can not catch it from somebody. Epilepsy does not limit a person s ability and the person with epilepsy can lead normal and happy live.
To understand what the epilepsy is and how it arises, we have to understand the main brain functions. The human brain is a marvelously complicated organ; it has to be, for it controls every waking and sleeping activity, every conscious and unconscious thought and need and process that we engage in. (Harry Sands and Frances C. Minters, 1977, p.2) The brain consists of nerve cells or neurons. Each neuron has an electrically charged part. It receives electrical signals from other neurons, and passes them to others. All the functions of the brain depend on electrical signals that are send from one neuron to another. The normal brain generates an electrical rhythm in order way and this order in epilepsy is broken by some neurons discharging signals. Because of some genetic defect there will occur a short electrical storm that is caused by neurons and the subject will get a seizure. This condition is called epilepsy. When this happens, the muscles tighten and relax rapidly or stop moving completely. When the cells stop sending signals, the seizure stops as well. Epilepsy is the name for occasional, sudden, excessive, rapid and local discharges of gray matter. (Jackson, 1958, p.1) There also another alternatives that cause this abnormal discharge that may come from a localized area of the brain. This is the situation in patients with epilepsy caused by head injury, or brain tumor. Theoretically everyone can have a seizure under the right circumstances. Everybody has a brain seizure threshold that makes us resistant to seizures. Seizures can have many causes. Seizures can cause brain injury, poisoning, head trauma, or stroke. The seizures are not dedicated to any age group, sex, or race and neither is epilepsy.
Epilepsy can strike at any age anybody. But according to a research, some age groups are more susceptible than others. Below is a table that shows how some age groups are more susceptible.
Most people who get seizures during their childhood tent to experience a reduction in the intensity and frequency of their seizures, as they are getting older. In many cases the epilepsy will disappear completely.
When people think of a seizure, they usually think of someone falling down unconscious and shaking himself. Some people may also throw up or drool. This type of seizure usually lasts for several minutes. When it stops, the person may feel sleepy and will not remember what happened. Even though, a seizure may look scary, it is not painful. Some people have staring spells that look like daydreaming or some jerking movements in one part of their body. Depending on the type of seizure, the length of a seizure is very different. It may take only few seconds but also several minutes and some cases seizures last many hours. Some people used to think that a parson that has a seizure can swallow his tongue and they put in his mouth something to keep him from swallowing his tongue. But this is not true. Nobody can swallow his tongue, and there should not be put anything in a person s mouth during a seizure.
There are several types of seizures. There can happen a partial seizure or generalized seizure, but sometimes there may also occur some uncommon seizure. All these seizures are divided into several issues. The partial seizure is divided into simple partial seizure and complex seizure. In the simple partial seizure the epileptic activity in one part of the brain does not interfere with consciousness. A person whose epilepsy has been caused by injury to this part of the brain which controls movements, for example of one leg, may experience a series of involuntary jerking movement of that leg as the only symptom. The complex seizure does involve some alternation of awareness. The seizure may cause a feeling of familiarity with the surroundings but being unable to respond. Automatic movement of the jaw may occur. The generalized seizure is divided into absence seizure and tonic-clonic seizure. The absence seizure is not dramatic. This form of epilepsy was previously known as petit mal and begins in childhood, between the ages of 5 and 10. It may occur at puberty, or continue throughout adult life. The child temporarily blacks out during a seizure. The blackout is short, typically it lasts from 5 to 30 seconds and has its onset without warning. (Harry Sands and Frances C. Minsters, 1977, p.8) The child does not fall to the ground, and recovery is prompt, although the attacks may occur repeatedly. The attacks can occur in fact many times in a day. Some people this type of generalized seizure call also daydreaming. The tonic-clonic seizure, that is a part of generalized seizures, was previously called grand mal. This seizure is dramatic. Grand mal is what most people think epilepsy is all about. (Harry Sands and Frances C. Minters, 1977, p.9) There may be a brief warning like a pain in stomach or the person may cry before losing consciousness completely. The limbs will become stiff and rigid and the breathing will stop. The lips will turn blue and the eyes will be rolled upward. The jaws will be clenched and if there will be tongue or lips in the way, they will be bitten. This tonic phase takes 30-60 seconds in which the body will shake. The person that will recover from such unconsciousness may be confused for several minutes and wishes to sleep for several hours. A day after, headache and soreness are common. There are also other varieties of epilepsy that are uncommon and they include myoclonic seizures, atonic seizures, and tonic seizure. The myoclonic seizure is sudden and symmetrical and may or may not be followed by loss of consciousness. The atonic seizure leads to sudden falling to the ground or dropping of the head. This type of epilepsy is common for children who have suffered an injury to the brain through lack of oxygen at birth. Tonic seizure is dominant by stiffening the body. This attack may or may not be followed by loss of consciousness. This type is also common for children who have suffered some form of the brain injury.
What is it that makes neurons of the brain discharge abnormally? It may be caused by inherited instability, injury to the brain, metabolic disturbance, alcohol and drug abuse, or brain tumor. The inherited instability in the functioning of neurons seems to be responsible for the common forms of generalized epilepsy, especially absence attack, and tonic-clonic seizures, where there is a family history of similar disorder. The epilepsy can be caused by injury to the brain. This includes lack of oxygen at birth, trauma to the head at any time of life or stroke. Another way the epilepsy can be caused is the metabolic disturbance that can produce generalized seizures through disturbing the normal functioning of neurons. Alcohol and drug abuse can cause epilepsy as well. The seizures may be caused by intoxication, or when the offending substance is withdrawn. Also the people who have taken for a long periods some sedatives or barbiturates and will suddenly withdrawn them, may be endangered by some epileptic seizures. It is uncommon, but it is possible, that epilepsy is caused by brain tumor.
It is natural to want to help to somebody in trouble, and a person that shakes and looks unconscious seems to suffer. But this is only an appearance and in the fact the person with a seizure does not feel any pain or is not in any danger. The main rule how to help this person is that you have to stay calm. There is now way to stop a seizure once it has started and the only way a person can help is to prevent the person from hurting himself. If you see someone having a seizure, there is recommended to place this person on the softest surface around and lay this person on his side in case he throws up. The person should not be restrained and you should stay with the person until he regains awareness. If the seizure lasts more than five minutes, call the rescue squad.
Most people who have epilepsy can have their seizures under control by taking medicines. There is in the fact 80 percent of people that are able through some medicines control their epilepsy. Sometimes, if the medicine does not work, doctors may operate on the brain or put some kids on a special diet that is called a ketogenic diet. One of the most innovative medicines is the Tegretol XR. It is effective against partial onset seizures (focal, psychomotor,etc.) and tonic-clonic seizures.. Finally, for people who have large fluctuations of their blood levels during the day, the sustained release formulation may allow for smoother levels and reduce side-effects (SIU Center for Epilepsy, 1986, p.1). Epilepsy does not get worse as people get older. It remain and in fact, many kids with epilepsy get better as they get older and can stop taking medicine.
Most people with epilepsy lead normal and happy lives. They go to school or job and they have their own favorite hobbies and sports. They get married and have children. There are many more things that these people with epilepsy can do than the things they cannot do. Driving is allowed for people whose seizures are under control. Epilepsy does not limit person s ability.
Epilepsy is a common disorder and does not look funny, but it is not dangerous and the people with this disorder have the same rights like the other people. Kids who have epilepsy should be treated like everyone else. If their schoolmates give them a hard time, it should be because they do not know what the epilepsy is. Maybe there were frightened when they saw a kid with epilepsy have a seizure. If you know about epilepsy, you will not be frightened, and you can explain it to your friends. The more they know, the less frightened they will be. Then they will see that people with epilepsy are no different than the others.
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