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I Don't Need a Mobile App, I Already Have a Website
I Don't Need a Mobile App, I Already Have a Website.
This has been an objection that I have often heard from business owners that I thought it would be important to discuss on how they actually differentiate from each other.
Although a mobile app may resemble a website on a mobile device, they serve two very different purposes, and function quite differently.
In most cases, small business websites are essentially used to create credibility, offer information, and some will be used to sell products directly through e-commerce.
A website relies on traffic by which a visitor will browse though, and unless engaging in a direct action such as making a purchase or signing up for a newsletter etc, will eventually leave and possibly visit a competitor's site. The opportunity for re-engagement with the visitor, or potential customer is lost.
A mobile marketing app is all about branding and about direct interaction and communication designed to build loyalty with current customers and acquiring new customers.
A mobile app, remains on the user's smartphone, and is therefore ideal for frequent and repeated use. Users can directly contact a business at all times, have direct access to information at the tap of a button, take advantage of built in loyalty coupons, share the app through social media boosting your presence, and most importantly, remain engaged with your business.
In a nutshell, Websites are a more passive form of marketing, while the mobile app is a more proactive marketing tool that increases user engagement.
This is just a generalization of the differences, as I am just scratching the surface with the possibilities of mobile app marketing. There are many more features, functions and strategies, that make mobile apps the most potent and effective marketing medium that exists today.


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Notice of the new Logan (X-Men) movie from Fox/ Marvel
(No spoilers.)
First of all: This is a 15 certificate movie and thoroughly deserves it! There is a lot of bad swearing and nasty, explicit, close-up violence.
BUT if you have appreciated some of the previous X-Men movies then you will not want to miss this one – which follows several themes from the first movie incarnations (before the recent alternative-timeline 'reboot' with new Xavier and Magneto actors), and brings them to a satisfying closure.
And the reason I write about it here is that there is a strong implicit theme of repentance and redemption in several character arcs; and several explicit and positive Christian references – at the beginning, middle and end.
(This may – perhaps? – have something to do with the fact that the lead actor – Hugh Jackman – is apparently publicly a Christian, from an evangelical home.)

subset: commoncrawl


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On the radio Rush Limbaugh has a job to do. His job is intentionally designed to keep his listeners ignorant, and he does that job extremely well.
But Rush Limbaugh knows the truth. He knows that something is happening wuth the weather, with climate change. And Rush Limbaugh is doing everything he can to secure his beachfront home from the effects of Climate change, even if that means working with the Obama administration.
Limbaugh just signed off on a plan to cooperate with the US Army Corp of Engineers to use his property to store sand and then spread it along the beach where he resides. In his easement deal with the Corps obtained through the town of Palm Beach, Limbaugh is allowing the use of his 2.5 acre compound on the extreme north side of the island to "enhance shoreline management" and provide "storm protection in safe guarding coastal properties".
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SLO Eating Disorders: A Different Way of Being
Imagine what your life could be like if you felt whole and grounded in your body. Imagine if instead of being a source of disconnection and disease, your body was a source of wisdom, strength and guidance. Imagine if your body was a place where you felt safe, connected, most at home.
At SLO Eating Disorders, we believe a different way of being is possible. We've experienced it ourselves and seen it in our clients. Drawing on our expertise in the treatment of eating disorders and extensive experience with recovery, and mindfulness practices like yoga, meditation, and intuitive eating, we work with you to develop healthy alternatives to the symptoms of disordered eating.
By building positive relationships with food, your body and self, SLO Eating Disorders helps you get your life back and find peace of mind. Then, it's up to you.
Go through our site to find out more about recovery from eating disorders and contact us to make an appointment.


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Paintings from "24th season" by Aya Kakeda
- by Michael Dachstein
- Sep 19th, 2013
- Illustrations
Those paintings are from my series "24th season". In ToTai Island has a new mascot every season, it's 24th season Alchemists start making a new characters poisoned flower infused cave seal. would he be good or bad??? I have no idea…


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I mentioned when I did the Visiting Teaching handout that I had lemons on the brain, so today I thought I would share this fun dessert that I made last week…Sugar Cookie Lemon Tarts! It doesn't get a whole lot better than sugar cookie tarts filled with a lemon filling and topped with whipped cream! I have a couple of other recipes that I want to try out this next week…there is just something about lemons that are so refreshing in the hot summer months! I love the tartness of lemons along with a bit of sweet, it is just very refreshing! Continue reading
Tag Archives: sour cream lemon pie
My Lemon Pie Flop
Last Sunday, for Easter, I decided that I would make a Lemon Meringue Pie for dessert. It was only my husband and I because we had had the whole family the week before. I am trying to be good with what I eat and I only try to have sugar one day a week. I made the whole thing from scratch and my mouth was watering, this was going to be a real treat for us!
But this is how it turned out!: Continue reading
Sour Cream Lemon Pie
I still had a few lemons in my fridge from when I made these Blueberry Lemon Muffins, so I decided that I had better use them up. (And since my fridge is still clean and organized, I can see what I have and what I need to use up, so my organizing is paying off already!)
My husband and I used to love to go to Marie Calendar's, when they had one here locally and my favorite pie of all time was the sour cream lemon pie! I found this recipe and it tastes very similar to the Marie Calendar one and it was pretty easy to make, so I will now be adding this recipe to my collection!


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Founder & EIC at IamGalla.com
As most of you have probably seen on Instagram, I have been on a giant Africa circuit traveling from South Africa, to Kenya and finishing in Tanzania. I ...On March 9, 2017 / By GALLA
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Feat. Hugo Boss leather croc embossed stainless steel watch, Hope Everyone had a wonderful holidays! I can't tell you how excited I am to move forward into 2017, lots ...On December 28, 2016 / By GALLA
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Adam Gallagher is the founder and mastermind behind the highly-popular blog I AM GALLA, which aids the men's demographic with styling tips, trend forecasts and third party inspiration. In the menswear world, Gallagher stands out due to his exceptional ability to blend his native California aesthetic with a sharp New York approach to fashion.
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text: ALucidDreamer Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? A Dreamer's Mind September 14, 2012 | 10 tracks | 359 22 | Stats The Jesus and Mary Chain Marianne Faithfull Mick Harvey new wavedeamerfrench popoldies Liked Collect Share Edit Liked! Share this mix with friends: A Dreamer's Mind Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


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LOS ANGELES – First-time nominee Tracee Ellis Ross made history when she won her first Golden Globe Sunday.
The actress, nominated for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy, won for her role in "Black-ish," becoming the first African-American woman in decades to do so.
The last African-American woman to win in the category was Debbie Allen in 1983, for her role in "Fame."
Ross' role as Johnson family matriarch Rainbow "Bow" Johnson on the sitcom was not only the first time the actress was nominated, but her first time at the Globes.
Backstage, Ross reflected on her first win.
"I'll have to find a special place to put it," Ross said right after her win.
As for how she'll celebrate, Ross joked, "I'm going to see if I can hit every party possible."
"I grew up watching the Golden Globes as a young girl who just loved beautiful dresses," she said, "As soon as I became an actor it was one of those shows I watched thinking, 'Maybe one day,' and now it's a reality."


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For the last few months, I've been going through all of the boxes I've had packed for the last 5 years. I had forgotten about a lot of my stuff. It was sort of like Christmas, except the gifts were wrapped in smelly cardboard, they were all used, and, once I saw them, I did remember them.
OK, it wasn't like Christmas at all. It was exactly like unpacking boxes in a basement.
I've lived without this stuff for 5 years, so, not surprisingly, I was ready to part with a lot of it. But seriously, this was some great stuff, so surely I would make a ton of money by having a yard sale, right?
Hey, did you know yard sales totally suck? I am never having one again! I would rather burn all of my stuff in a bonfire than have someone haggle with me on something that was already only priced for a buck. People suck. Yard sales and people suck. Don't get too close to my bonfire, cheap people, or I'll toss you in there too.
I spent something like 237 hours unpacking boxes, agonizing over what to keep and what to sell, cleaning and repairing and pricing… and for what? $237. That's what I made. A buck an hour. So, financially speaking, my yard sale was a massive failure and complete waste of my time. But logistically speaking, it was quite successful because it's all gone…
Want to see what it looks like upstairs now? Yeah… I bet you do. Too bad it's a mess and I'm too lazy to clean it to take a picture. Whatever! It's my blog and I do what I want. I am Princess Spackle!
How about I show you my garage instead? (It's relevant because I'm storing the stuff I didn't want to sell in here.) This is it:
Oh, wait, that was it. Silly me. This is it now.
Seriously. Where does all of this crap come from? I don't recognize half of it. Is it even mine? Maybe my neighbors are sneaking in and storing their crap in my garage. (Which is a much bigger problem, so I hope it's not that…)
Last fall my dad helped me get it somewhat organized. Can you believe it was even worse?
After we cleaned (sort of), dad helped me rock the walls.
I'd been waiting for warmer weather to do the spackling and taping (which, btw, I'm terrible at…) and I was planning to sand it all smooth and pretty and paint it, but then I said to myself, "It's a freaking garage, psycho! Get over yourself! Don't you have enough to do?"
And, as usual, I was totally right, so I installed shelves right over those crappy walls. When Better Homes & Gardens comes to profile my beautiful house (in like 2030), they'll just have to stay the hell out of my garage. Why you gotta be so nosy, BH&G?
Yeah. Shelves. Woo hoo.
So, this was quite a long wait for a less than spectacular post. I know. You're disappointed. But this might make it better… A nice man named Doug (who happens to run his own home improvement blog over at thumbandhammer.com) asked if he could interview me for his podcast. (I'm totally getting famous, people!) I haven't listened to it yet (I seriously hate my voice), but Doug says that talking to me was like…
"a refreshing kick in the butt to get me back into a DIY mindset and she will inspire you too."
I'm finding that a little hard to believe, but Doug is from Canada and Canadians never lie, so… You can check it out here.
Anyway… my next post will be about flooring and it will be way better than this post, so you should definitely subscribe below, if you haven't already. (Why haven't you already? Princess Spackle commands you!)


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[QUOTE=JaimeLynne;585341]Hi - Uhm, I *think* they're more like clip on pieces..? Honestly I'm pretty naiive when it comes to that stuff. It was a long piece of hair that she wrapped into a circle (does that make sense??) and then put that into a bun. And this was attached to my regular hair by hairpins.
That sounds awesome - so throughout the wedding week you can have sooo many different looks. My hair is kept long but I too have clip in extensions that I use every now and again for volume or curls- I love them! It'll look great!
My Bridal Hair Trial w/PICS!!!
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Anna Kournikova Leaves "Biggest Loser": Not Much Love Lost
About Lisa JohnsonLisa Johnson here. I've been a personal trainer since 1997, a Pilates instructor since 1998 and the owner of Modern Pilates since 1999. I'm hoping to give you some good ideas to get or stay in shape with a healthy dose of humor and reality. Thanks for joining me.
14 Responses to Anna Kournikova Leaves "Biggest Loser": Not Much Love Lost
Melissa (@MelGetsFit) November 14, 2011 at 9:20 pm #
I didn't think she was a good choice and I'm not sad to see her go. I think Dolvett is doing a great job and I hope they keep him around. My biggest fear is that as long as Bob has been doing the show that he might leave at some point, too. The Biggest Loser just wouldn't be the same with both Jillian AND Bob gone.
Jenn Givler November 14, 2011 at 9:24 pm #
Well, I can't really comment on the show. I tried to watch the first couple of seasons but always ended up tuning out. As a fitness professional, I can't condone any of the practices I had seen.
I agree with your assessment of Anna.
I just wish this show would show what it REALLY takes to get back to. A healthy lifestyle… But then I guess REAL life isn't sensational enough for reality TV…
Tara Burner November 14, 2011 at 9:25 pm #
I was with you back when they announced her…couldn't believe it..
she may be a professional athlete (and even that in my opinion is a stretch calling her that! when she has no real achievements and best known for topless sunbathing in South Beach and her modeling more than anything remotely athletic).
So, nope she wasn't a good choice…
glad to see her go
And yea think Dolvett's worth keeping
Lisa Johnson November 14, 2011 at 9:29 pm #
Melissa, I did a phone interview with the exec producer of the show and Bob and they both said that Bob would there as long as the show was on the air … I think his contract has him locked up and/or he's just happy to be there. L–
Lisa Johnson November 14, 2011 at 9:30 pm #
Jenn I think you said it all, the reality of what it takes to lose 100 pounds is a lot less interesting than drama and silly contests.
I think the show is done – it can't keep having different trainers every season or else the contestants will only want Bob and won't perform for the others.
There was a certain chemistry that Bob and Jillian had that will and seems to be very difficult to replace. So maybe there will have to go in a completely different direction with trainers so that there is a fresh start because right now it is very stagnant.
Dean Ouellette November 15, 2011 at 12:03 pm #
Hey everyone it could be worse… they could bring Kim back.
Wasnt reading your blog then Lisa so dont know your thoughts on her, but I thought she sucked.
I disagree with Tara, Anna is very much a professional athlete. She may have never been the best tennis player, but she was in the top ten for a few years for sure. To be in the top ten in the world is not as easy as just looking pretty.
I like Anna. I like her more now than I did before she went on the show. She has done a better job challenging some of the contestants than I thought she would.
At the same time she is not a professional trainer and I do no think she should have been back for a third season.
I would not sit with just Bob and Dolvett for the next year, I like three trainers and think they need a female.
I think we start a petition drive to get Lisa in there and see what she can do. Who wants to start it ;)
So interesting! I stopped watching after the first female trainer came in to replace Jillian, so I had NO idea that Anna was on the show. Seems like such an odd choice to me. Anyhoo, thanks for keeping me up to date Lisa! I totally agree, being an amazing athlete is not the same as being a trainer.
Lisa Johnson November 15, 2011 at 5:46 pm #
Ha! Dean … they definitely wouldn't take me because they read this blog! I honestly would love the opportunity to do Pilates with all of the contestants an hour a day. That way the trainers could beat the crap out of them and I could keep them stitched together with Pilates, a great therapeutic & work way to stay in shape. I'd love to do that!
I hear you on the female voice, but there's been so much upheaval that I think two trainers next year would be good just to let the show breathe and recover a little bit. I've only see a bit of Dolvett so far but I like what I've seen … he seems to train safe and with compassion. What I've noticed about Anna is the compassion seems to come and go and contestants (i.e. clients) can sense that right away. She gets frustrated too easily, she's not meeting them at their level …
But we'll see right? I'm sure they'll be more announcements at the finale.
Lisa Johnson November 15, 2011 at 5:47 pm #
Thanks Jacqui! And great to see you here, I'm honored you read my blog. :) When are we having coffee?
Thanks for the update Lisa! I felt the same way when she was originally brought on the show so I'm not surprised it didn't work out. It wasn't a good fit and this season really struggled. It's the first one I haven't watched in years! I'll look forward to future updates :)
Lisa Johnson November 16, 2011 at 12:18 am #
Thanks Robin! :-) I'm actually really behind and only just started watching this season … I'm really not that into it this year …
Jim Going Fitness November 18, 2011 at 11:12 am #
I couldn't see her doing well on a show like this anyway. They could make the show really interesting by picking a random trainer off the streets. That would makes thing interesting.
Lisa Johnson November 18, 2011 at 11:31 am #
LOL, Jim, the marketing is too important for the show. They need someone who is "TV worthy" it's the critical ingredient to the pick a trainer process that people often don't think about and why, I think, they've made some dumb choices. L–
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Can you help me decide?
As an entrepreneur, there is a new strategy for producing products and services for customers. It is a customer driven approach that solves your customer's problems.
I will be teaching two classes at the Piano Technicians Guild national convention in July and I will have a table set up in the exhibits area. I hope to be able to provide products and services of interest to piano technicians and piano technology students.
But I do not have much time left. That's where you come in. I need to know what piano tuning and repair products and services you find valuable.
Please fill out this form and click the send button at the bottom. Your help will greatly help me to help others learn more about piano tuning and repair.
Thank you,


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The report of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board on reforms to the section 215 telephone records program and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court : hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, Wednesday, February 12, 2014.
Available copies
- 1 of 1 copy available at Evergreen Indiana.
Current holds
0 current holds with 1 total copy.
View other formats and editions
|Call Number / Copy Notes
|Shelving Location
|Due Date
|Indiana State Library - Indianapolis
|ISLM Y 4.J 89/2:S.HRG.113-676 (Text)
|General Federal documents
Record details
- Physical Description: iii, 54 pages ; 24 cm.
- Publisher: Washington : U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.
- Distributor: Washington, DC : For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office
Content descriptions
|General Note:
| Error: subtitle should read, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session.
Shipping list no.: 2016-0007-M.
"Serial no. J-113-49."
|Reproduction Note:
| Microfiche. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Government Printing Office, [2015] 1 microfiche : negative.


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(PRN) Belo's KMOV-TV Wins a Peabody Award; Belo Stations Outpace All Media Companies With Eight Awards Since 2000
Published 1:40 pm, Wednesday, April 18, 2007
DALLAS, April 18 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Belo Corp. (NYSE: BLC) announced today KMOV-TV, its CBS affiliate in St. Louis, has been awarded a 2006 George Foster Peabody Award. KMOV was one of only four local television stations in the nation to receive this prestigious honor.
KMOV was recognized for its "Left Behind: The Failure of East St. Louis Schools," a series of 21 reports over seven months that found the school system had violated state and federal special-education requirements and uncovered widespread political and nepotistic hiring by the school board. At the direction of Genie Garner, acting news director for KMOV, Reporter Craig Cheatham and Photographer/Editor Gary Womack captured the dramatic series as it unfolded.
"We are extraordinarily proud to be honored with the prestigious Peabody Award," said Allan Cohen, president/General Manager of KMOV. "This is a true reflection on the entire staff and the news product that we are dedicated to bringing to the St. Louis community."
This marks the eighth Peabody Award earned by Belo television stations and executives since 2000: WFAA-TV in Dallas/Fort Worth (2 awards), KHOU-TV in Houston (2 awards), WCNC-TV in Charlotte, WWL-TV in New Orleans and former Belo executive H. Martin "Marty" Haag for lifetime achievement.
Dunia Shive, Belo's president and chief operating officer, said, "We are very proud of KMOV for their leadership performance and ongoing commitment to delivering exceptional journalism to the St. Louis region. The employees at KMOV continue to distinguish themselves in local news coverage and quality local programming."
So far in 2007, KMOV also has received the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation's Service to America Partnership Award for outstanding community service and two regional Edward R. Murrow Awards.
The Peabody Awards were established in 1940 and are administered by the University of Georgia's Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication. The Peabody recognizes distinguished achievement and meritorious public service by stations, networks, producing organizations and individuals. The award will be presented to KMOV on Monday, June 4 at a ceremony in New York City.


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Schalke 04 have made their third signing of the summer transfer window, after they announced the arrival of Breel Embolo from FC Basel.
While neither club made the fee official, it is believed to be between €20-25m. Embolo has signed a five-year deal with the Veltins-Arena outfit.
The Swiss starlet joins the club just a day after being knocked out of Euro 2016 with his country, following a penalty shoot-out defeat to Poland.
Rapid rise to fame
The 19-year-old has been in the spotlight for some time after scoring 10 goals in each of Basel's last two victorious league-winning seasons.
Embolo shot onto the scene after scoring on his domestic debut against FC Aarau; just five minutes after coming off the bench and a month following his 17th birthday.
Since then he has gone on to be a thorn in the opposition's side, with his physical ability matched by raw pace to give defenders a real problem.
Embolo, as well as playing up front, can also be used out wide and is more than capable at setting up his team-mates; 14 assists in two years would suggest just that.
He joins Naldo and Robert Leipertz as Schalke's summer arrivals to date, with more deals expected over the coming months.
Quite the coup
Christian Heidel, Schalke's new sporting director, spoke to the club website upon the confirmation of the deal:
"With Breel Embolo we have signed an attacker, who already has a lot of international experience, that is highly talented and was wanted by many of Europe's top clubs."
Heidel isn't wrong. Manchester United, Tottenham Hotspur and Borussia Dortmund are just a few of the teams that have shown interest in the last 18 months.


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There are many different settings in this book but the most important one's are:
Middle school
Greg's house
The walk home from school
Any Questions?
The theme of this book is that things always happen for a reason. When these things happen you have to have faith in why they are happening too.
Hard Luck
Hard Luck is the 8th book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series.
This book was published in November 2013.
Jeff Kinney is the author of this book.
This book had a reading level of 5.5
This book is worth 3.0 points.
Diary of a Wimpy Kid Hard Luck
Main Charters
◾Greg Heffley
◾Rowley Jefferson
◾Rodrick Heffley
◾Abigail Brown
◾Manny Heffley
◾Frank Heffley
◾Susan Heffley
The genre of this book is realistic fiction.
This is the cover of the book
Grey Heffley
Rowley Jefferson
Rodrick Heffley
By: Maddie Massie
Abigail Brown
Manny Heffely
Frank Heffley
Susan Heffley
Realistic Fiction- A form of fiction that has fake characters in it, but has real events, or events that could have happened although didn't.
Point of View
This book is in first person point of view.
First Person Point of View- The narrator is involved in the book by using words like "I" and "we".
There are 8 other books in this series.
Book 1.
Book 2.
Book 3.
Book 4.
Book 7.
Book 8.
The Conflict
There are many conflicts throughout the book, but the main conflicts are:
Greg loses his best friend Rowley to his girlfriend Abigail.
Abigail doesn't like Greg which is making Rowley and Greg grow apart.
Greg is having a hard time finding new friends.
The Magic 8 Ball
Greg finds a magic 8 ball in his moms closet which he takes and uses throughout the book as a guide; asking it lots of yes or no questions that would affect his life.
Greg's best friend, Rowley has a girlfriend, Abigail, who Greg feels is controlling Rowleys life. Greg is having some hard luck with his best friend's new life style with him being the third wheel in this relationship forcing him to find new friends. Although Greg is up to the task of finding new friends it is proven to be hard. Along his journey he goes through some exciting adventures with his family and at school like training Fregly to be a good friend, and finding a magic 8 ball that with a shake of it could make a big decision in his life. Ultimately though Rowley and Abigail break up making Greg and Rowley friends again.
Book 6.
Book 5.
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid Hard Luck
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Over the past couple of months, I've compiled a list of 64 TV shows from you, my readers. They have been broken down into four divisions randomly. If your favorite is missing, you've no one to blame but yourself.
Without further ado:
1. Police Woman (1974-1978). The show revolves around Sgt "Pepper" Anderson, an undercover police officer working for the Criminal Conspiracy Unit of the LAPD.
2. NYPD Blue (1993-2005). The gritty details of life as a member of a New York City police unit.
3. LAPD: Life on the Beat (1995-1999). Reality TV-style show based on LAPD officers.
4. Dragnet (1967-1970). Police Detective Sgt. Joe Friday and his partners investigate crimes in Los Angeles.
Only one of these four will advance to the Savory Sixteen. Voting for Round 1 of the Dunkin' Donuts Division will end today at 1500 hrs. Left Coast time.
Question: Please vote only once. You can vote by leaving a comment here or on Facebook, Twitter, or Pinterest! Good luck and may the best show win! You can leave a comment by clicking here.


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Home > JOURNALS > BCLR > Vol. 54 > Iss. 6 (2013)
Article Title
In Search of the Right Balance: Patco Lays the Foundation for Analyzing the Commercial Reasonableness of Security Procedures under UCC Article 4A
Document Type
On July 3, 2012, in Patco Construction Co. v. People's United Bank, the First Circuit held that security procedures used to verify electronic funds transfers initiated through online banking were commercially unreasonable. In reaching its decision, the court laid a strong foundation for analyzing commercial reasonableness in future cases. This Comment argues that future courts should build on this analysis by considering recent merger activity when determining the standard against which commercial reasonableness should be measured.


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Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Aditya seems to be attracting a lot of trouble off late, even without Shagun around. After the issue with ACP Abhishek bringing him home from a busted party, Aditya gets caught with his girlfriend sneaking into the house behind her back, and by Ishima (Divyanka Tripathi)!
The latest track on Yeh Hai Mohabbatien has been dealing with Raman (Karan Patel) and Ishita having issues dealing with a teenager. Aditya, who now has a girlfriend is under peer pressure and has been doing things he might not have otherwise.
SHOCKING! Yeh Hai Mohabbatein's Ishita To Have Cancer!
Recently, Adi had called his girlfriend, Vinie's mother pretending to be his father. And when he gets caught, he gets into trouble with Ishita more than with Raman. Following this Ishita would have scolded his friends, including Vivie, for leading him on bad behaviour.
Raman, on the other hand would have dealt with Adi like a friend by talking to him and even helping him out with the project he had to do with Vinie. Raman would have made Ishita, Simmi and Santoshi to go on a spa date so Adi can have Vivie over to do the project without Ishita knowing.
The plan will backfire on Adi when Ishita returns home to see Vivie and Adi running around in the living room. Ishita, who has a bad impression about Vinie will not be pleased with this. Let's wait and watch how the situation turns out on Yeh Hai Mohabbatein tonight.
Aditya In Trouble
Aditya is seen getting into a lot of trouble off late. After being brought home by ACP Abhishek after the busted party, he gets into more trouble for lying.
Ishita Worried
After Aditya gets caught for lying to his friend's mother, Ishita insists Raman that he talk to Aditya about what is good and that his behaviour is bad.
Raman Speaks
Raman talks to Aditya and realises that Ishita insulted his friends in his class including the ones who never did anything wrong.
Abhishek And Mihika
ACP Abhishek and Mihika start getting close to each other. When a maid steals in Mihika's house, he uses the excuse to get close to her.
Adi Apologises
Adi will make sure he apologises to Ishita. He says he was sorry he spoke rudely to her the previous day.
The science class will have Aditya and Vinie becoming partners to do a project. Vivie will volunteer to do it with Adi.
Adi Sees Trouble
Knowing Ishita is still not OK with the previous day, Adi hesitates about the project. He will agree to the partnership nevertheless.
Raman's Idea
When Aditya informs Raman about the project with Vinie, he informs him that he will take care of Ishita and that he can continue with the project.
Raman's Plan
Raman will send the ladies in the house, including Ishita, Simmi and Santoshi, to a spa date so Aditya can bring home Vinie.
Ishita Home
Ishita will return home when she would have forgotten something. She will discover Adi and the girl in his class playing around in the house.
Adi And Vinie
Adi and Vinie will be seen having fun at home since all the ladies will be out. Adi and Vinie will be shocked to see Ishita walk inside all of a sudden.
Raman In Trouble Or Adi?
Even though it was Adi who got caught red handed, it will be Raman who is at fault with Ishita. Let's see what happens.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Sep 22, 2009
|Filing date
|Oct 24, 2003
|Priority date
|Nov 5, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sandrine Touchais, Xavier Checoury
|Original Assignee
|Eads Secure Network
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (73), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to the linearization of radiofrequency (RF) power amplifiers. It finds applications, in particular, in the RF transmitters of the mobile terminals of digital radiocommunication systems. It may also be applied in the RF transmitters of base stations in particular during the first start-up of such a station.
2. Related Art
In current digital radiocommunication systems, one seeks to send information with a maximum throughput in a given RF frequency band which is assigned to a transmission channel (hereinbelow radio channel). To do this, the modulations that have been used for a few years comprise a phase or frequency modulation component and an amplitude modulation component.
Moreover, radio channels coexist in a determined frequency band allotted to the system. Each radio channel is subdivided into logical channels by time division. In each time interval (or time slot), a group of symbols called a burst or packet is transmitted.
It is necessary to take care that, at each instant, the power level transmitted in each radio channel does not jam the communications in an adjacent radio channel. Thus, specifications prescribe that the power level of an RF signal transmitted in a determined radio channel be, in an adjacent radio channel, less for example by 60 dB (decibels), than the power level of the RF signal transmitted in said determined radio channel.
It therefore turns out to be necessary that the spectrum of the signal to be transmitted, which results in particular from the type of the modulation employed and the binary throughput, not be deformed by the RF transmitter. In particular, it is necessary that the RF transmitter exhibit a characteristic of output power as a function of input power, which is linear.
However, the radiofrequency power amplifier (hereinafter RF amplifier) present in the RF transmitter has a characteristic that is linear at low output power but nonlinear as soon as the power exceeds a certain threshold. It is also known that the efficiency of the RF amplifier is all the better when working in a zone close to saturation, that is to say in the nonlinear regime. Thus, the need for linearity and the need for high efficiency (to save on battery charge) compel the use of linearization techniques to correct the nonlinearities of the RF amplifier. Two of the techniques most commonly employed are baseband adaptive predistortion and the baseband Cartesian loop.
In the Cartesian loop technique, the signal to be transmitted is generated in baseband in the I and Q format. Additionally, a coupler followed by a demodulator makes it possible to tap off a part of the RF signal transmitted and to transpose it to baseband (downconversion), in the I and Q format. This baseband signal is compared with the baseband signal to be transmitted. An error signal resulting from this comparison drives a modulator, which provides for the transposition to the radiofrequency domain (upconversion). The output signal from the modulator is amplified by an RF amplifier which delivers the RF signal transmitted.
In the baseband adaptive predistortion technique, the signal to be transmitted is generated in baseband, in the I and Q format, and predistorted via a predistortion device. Then, this signal is transposed to the RF domain by virtue of an RF modulator. Next, it is amplified in an RF amplifier. A coupler followed by an RF demodulator make it possible to tap off a part of the RF signal transmitted and to transpose it to baseband, in the I, Q format. This baseband demodulated signal is digitized and compared with the baseband signal to be transmitted. An adaptation of the predistortion coefficients, carried out during a phase of training of the predistortion device, allows the demodulated I and Q format signal to be made to converge to the I and Q format signal to be transmitted.
In both techniques, a part of the signal transmitted is tapped off at the output of the RF amplifier so as to compare it with the signal to be transmitted. As a result, linearity is not obtained immediately but only after a certain time, required for the convergence of the linearization device. The signal transmitted has, during a period corresponding to the phase of training of the linearization device, a spectrum that is widened by the uncorrected nonlinearities. It may not comply with the constraints on the spectrum of the signals transmitted. This remark applies admittedly more to adaptive predistortion than to the Cartesian loop, even if the latter requires, in order to ensure its stability, initial adjustments of phase and of amplitude levels akin to training.
Several procedures have been proposed in the prior art for remedying this problem.
The procedure disclosed in WO 94/10765 relies on the transmission by the transmitters of the system of particular sequences, so-called linearization training sequences, during linearization training phases. More particularly, training sequences are transmitted in an isolated manner in time intervals forming a particular logical channel of the radio channels, which is dedicated solely to linearization. As all the transmitters of the system transmit their respective training sequence at the same time, the communications are not disturbed by interference between the radio channels which may possibly occur at this moment. It is therefore not necessary to prevent interference between the radio channels of the system.
However, this procedure has several drawbacks. Firstly, it requires prior synchronisation of all the transmitters so that the latter transmit their respective linearization training sequence in the logical channel dedicated to linearization. Moreover, no sending of data can occur in the time intervals of this logical channel. Furthermore, at the start of each transmission or in the event of a change of radio channel, the transmitter is compelled to wait for the next time interval of the logical channel dedicated to linearization, unless the system is made considerably more complex. This is why the temporal spacing between two time intervals of said logical channel cannot exceed a second, so as to guarantee a certain quality of service (QoS). This technique is therefore very prejudicial to the spectral efficiency of the radiocommunication system. Finally, since no particular precaution is taken to avoid out-of-band transmission during the linearization training phases, this technique may generate interference in respect of the transmitters of the other radiocommunication systems, which do not conform therewith.
Another procedure, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,678, provides for the use during the linearization training phases of a second modulator having half the throughput of the modulator normally used for the transmitting of useful data. This second modulator generates a signal which possesses the same depth of amplitude modulation but a spectral width that is divided by two with respect to the signals transmitted outside of the linearization training phases. This makes it possible to avoid jamming the adjacent radio channels by the signals uncorrected for the nonlinearities which are transmitted during the linearization training phases.
However, this procedure is fairly complex to implement since it requires a second modulator, as well as associated filters or the use of adaptive filters. This second modulator serves only during the linearization training phases, that is to say for a very small fraction of the time. Specifically, when the amplifier has been linearized initially, it suffices to correct any drifting of its characteristics. The linearization devices of the type alluded to in the introduction may deal therewith in the course of the transmitting of useful data (at the normal throughput). The overhead related to this corresponding second modulator is therefore hardly justified.
A first aspect of the invention relates to a method of training a device for linearizing a radiofrequency amplifier which is included within a radiofrequency transmitter of a first equipment of a radiocommunication system, which transmitter is adapted for transmitting bursts according to a determined frame structure, each burst comprising symbols belonging to a determined alphabet of symbols. The method comprises the steps of:
In embodiments of the method, at least a determined number N1 of symbols of the linearization training sequence sent first, where N1 is a determined integer less than or equal to N, belong to a subalphabet of symbols included within the alphabet of symbols, the subalphabet of symbols consisting of symbols which, in isolation or combination, give the burst a narrower spectrum than the alphabet of symbols as a whole.
By subalphabet is understood to mean a part of the alphabet considered. Stated otherwise, if the alphabet comprises a determined number M of symbols (M-ary alphabet), the subalphabet comprises only a determined number M1 of these symbols (M1-ary subalphabet) where M and M1 are integers such that M1 is less than M. The M1 symbols of the subalphabet are chosen in such a way as to give the RF signal which is transmitted a narrower spectrum than that given by the M symbols of the alphabet as a whole.
The first equipment may be a mobile terminal or a base station of the radiocommunication system.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a device for training a device for linearizing a radiofrequency amplifier which is included within a radiofrequency transmitter of a first equipment of a radiocommunication system, which transmitter is adapted for transmitting bursts according to a determined frame structure, each burst comprising symbols belonging to a determined alphabet of symbols. The device comprises:
In embodiments of the device, at least a determined number N1 of symbols of the linearization training sequence sent first, where N1 is a determined integer less than or equal to N, belong to a subalphabet of symbols included within the alphabet of symbols, the subalphabet of symbols consisting of symbols which, in isolation or combination, give the burst a narrower spectrum than the alphabet of symbols as a whole.
A third aspect of the invention relates to a mobile terminal of a radiocommunication system, comprising a radiofrequency transmitter having a radiofrequency amplifier and a device for linearizing the radiofrequency amplifier, and which further comprises a device for training the linearization device according to the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a base station of a radiocommunication system comprising a radiofrequency transmitter having a radiofrequency amplifier and a device for linearizing the radiofrequency amplifier, and which further comprises a device for training the linearization device according to the third aspect.
A fifth aspect relates to a linearization training sequence intended to be transmitted by means of a radiofrequency transmitter of a mobile terminal or of a base station of a radiocommunication system, which transmitter is adapted for transmitting bursts according to a determined frame structure. The sequence comprises a determined number N of symbols, where N is a determined integer, these symbols belonging to a determined alphabet of symbols.
In embodiments of the sequence, at least a determined number N1 of symbols of the linearization training sequence sent first, where N1 is a determined integer less than or equal to N, belong to a subalphabet of symbols included within the alphabet of symbols, the subalphabet of symbols consisting of symbols which, in isolation or combination, give the burst in which the linearization training sequence is transmitted a narrower spectrum than the alphabet of symbols as a whole.
The invention thus uses a particular training sequence which allows the RF signal transmitted to preserve, during the linearization training phase, a spectral width ompatible with the sought-after performance without any particular constraint on the instants at which this training is carried out or on the complexity of the transmitter. The binary throughput during the linearization training phase may be the same as that outside of this phase.
Represented diagrammatically in
The terminal comprises a transmit chain 100, a receive chain 200, a control unit 300, a permanent memory 400, as well as an automatic gain control device 500 (AGC) associated with an RF receiver of the receive chain 200.
The transmit chain 100 comprises a useful-data source 10, for example a speech coder delivering voice-coding data. The source 10 is coupled to an M-ary data modulator 20 which provides for the baseband modulation of the data to be transmitted according to a modulation with M distinct states, where M is a determined integer. The binary data which it receives from the source 10 are translated by the modulator 20 into symbols belonging to an M-ary alphabet, that is to say comprising M distinct signals. The output of modulator 20 is coupled to the input of a radiofrequency transmitter 30. On the basis of the string of symbols received, the transmitter 30 produces an RF signal suitable for radio transmission via an antenna or a cable. The output of the transmitter 30 is coupled to a transmit/receive antenna 40 via a switch 41. Thus the RF signal produced by the transmitter is transmitted on the radio channel associated with the transmitter.
The receive chain 200 comprises a radiofrequency receiver 50 which is coupled to the antenna 40 via the switch 41, so as to receive an RF signal. The receiver 50 provides for the transposition from the RF domain to the baseband (downconversion). For this purpose, it comprises a variable gain amplifier 59 the function of which is to compensate for the power variations (which may be fast) on the antenna 40 so that the remainder of the receive chain processes a signal having a substantially constant power level, thereby ensuring good performance. The receive chain 200 also comprises an M-ary data demodulator 60, coupled to the receiver 50. The data demodulator 60 provides in baseband for the demodulation of the data of the signal received, that is to say the operation inverse to that provided by the modulator 20. Finally, the receive chain 200 comprises a data consumer device 70, such as a speech decoder, which is coupled to the demodulator 60. This device receives as input the binary data delivered by the demodulator 60.
The unit 300 is for example a microprocessor or a microcontroller which provides for the management of a mobile terminal. In particular, it controls the data modulator 20, the data demodulator 60, the transmitter 30 and the switch 41. It also generates signaling data which are supplied to the modulator 20 so as to be transmitted in appropriate signaling logical channels. Conversely, the unit 300 receives from the data demodulator 60 signaling data dispatched by the fixed network in appropriate signaling logical channels, in particular synchronization information and operating commands.
The memory 400 is for example a ROM ("Read Only Memory"), EPROM ("Electrically Programmable ROM") or Flash-EPROM memory, in which are stored data which are used for the operation of the mobile terminal. These data comprise in particular a linearization training sequence to which we shall return later.
An exemplary embodiment of the transmitter 30 will now be described. In this example, the transmitter 30 comprises a radiofrequency power amplifier 31, a radiofrequency modulator 32 which provides for the transposition from baseband to the radiofrequency domain (upconversion), a linearization device 33, a training module 34 associated with the linearization device.
The output of the power amplifier 31 delivers the RF signal to be transmitted. This is why this output is coupled to the antenna 40 via the switch 41. The input of the power amplifier 31 receives a radiofrequency signal delivered by the output of the radiofrequency modulator 32. The input of the latter is coupled to the output of the data modulator 20 so as to receive the string of symbols forming the baseband signal to be transmitted, through the linearization device 33. The latter comprises for example a predistortion device comprising a pallet ("look-up table") which translates each value of the signal to be transmitted into a predistorted value. As a variant or as a supplement, the device 33 can also comprise means of amplitude slaving of the output signal from the transmitter 30.
The training module 34 carries out the training of the linearization device 33 as a function of an input signal which reflects the RF signal delivered by the output of the power amplifier 31. For this purpose, the module 34 receives a part of this RF signal, which part is tapped off at the output of the power amplifier 31 by means of a coupler 36. As needed, the module 34 provides for the baseband return of the RF signal thus tapped off. Although being represented entirely inside the transmitter 30, the module 34 can, at least in part, be implemented by means belonging to the control unit 300, in particular software means.
Finally, the automatic gain control device 500 makes it possible, under the control of the control unit 300 to dynamically vary the gain of the variable gain amplifier 59 of the RF receiver 50, as a function of information which is received from the fixed network, according to a method known per se. By virtue of this method, the fixed network base station with which the terminal is communicating, transmits at determined instants a determined sequence, called the AGC sequence. This sequence is known to and recognizable by the mobile terminal. It allows the latter to measure the power of the signal received from the base station and to deduce therefrom a control for the gain of the amplifier 59. This method is implemented in the mobile terminal by the device 500 under the control of the unit 300.
According to a symmetric method, provision is made for the transmitter 30 to transmit an AGC sequence, so as to allow dynamic control, by the base station, of the gain of a variable gain amplifier included in an RF receiver of the base station. This sequence is known to and recognizable by the base station. It allows the base station to measure the power of the signal received from the mobile terminal and to deduce therefrom a control for the gain of the variable gain amplifier of the RF receiver of the base station.
In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the data modulator 20 applies a so-called F4FM modulation (standing for "Filtered 4-state Frequency Modulation"), which is a proprietary modulation but is undergoing standardization at the TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association). This is a 4-state modulation or quaternary modulation, that is to say an M-ary modulation where here M is equal to 4. When the throughput of the modulator 20 is equal to 8 kilo-symbols/s, the sending of 8 symbols lasts 1 ms (millisecond). Stated otherwise, the sending of a symbol lasts 125 μs (microsecond).
The table of
The radiofrequency modulator 32 provides for the transposition of the signal to be transmitted onto a carrier frequency at around 400 MHz (megahertz) or around 800 MHz, in a radio channel of width equal for example to 8 kHz (kilohertz). The various radio channels of the system are spaced apart for example by 12.5 kHz. Each radio channel is subdivided into traffic logical channels or signaling logical channels by time division. In each time interval, a burst is transmitted according to a determined frame structure which it is not necessary to detail here.
The manner of operation of the mobile terminal during a phase of training, by the device 34, of the linearization device 33 will now be described. Although it will not be mentioned each time in what follows, it is of course understood that the terms "training phase" and the terms "training sequence" refer to the training of the linearization device 33 performed by the training device 34 under the control of the unit 300.
The method of training the device 33 comprises a step consisting in generating a training sequence comprising a determined number N of symbols, where N is an integer. This step is carried out by the data modulator 20 under the control of the control unit 300. For this purpose, the unit 300 reads a corresponding sequence of 2�N bits in the memory 400.
Next, still under the control of the unit 300, the training sequence is transmitted by means of the transmitter 30 in at least certain of the bursts transmitted by the latter, according to the frame structure of the system.
The training device 34 thus obtains the training sequence transmitted and compares it with the training sequence generated, and performs actions accordingly such as adaptations of predistortion coefficients or the like of the linearization device 33, according to a specified training algorithm. This algorithm may be adaptive. One speaks of teaching to designate these operations.
Represented in the graph of
In the graph of
As a result, in order to comply with the spectral constraints during the training phase, a first part at least of the training sequence is advantageously generated from the subalphabet {−1, +1}. In this way, the corresponding RF signal exhibits a spectrum of minimum width. When the system is properly dimensioned, this makes it possible not to disturb the adjacent radio channels during the training phase and in particular during the initial time span where the training algorithm has not yet converged.
The sequence which gives such a spectrum is obtained by simulation or by measurement of the entire transmit chain. It may be, as in the example considered here, that this sequence implies that the amplitude modulation depth is also reduced. It may even be that this reduction has adverse effects on the results of the linearization algorithm and that the sequence chosen is thus not suitable. This is why it may be necessary to add a constraint on the amplitude modulation depth as regards the choice of the training sequence, so as to obtain a compromise between the spectral widening due to the nonlinearities of the power amplifier (to be minimized) and the amplitude modulation depth induced by this sequence (to be maximized). These constraints are variable as a function of the power amplifier used in the transmit chain. A possible procedure whereby this sequence can be chosen is to commit to a digital optimization on the choice of N symbols of the sequence. The transmit chain is taken with all its defects without particular linearization. This sequence generally being short (of the order of about ten symbols), the optimization may be an exhaustive search for the N symbols making it possible to comply with the constraints desired both on the spectral width and on the amplitude modulation depth.
It is also possible to envisage alterations in the value of the amplitude modulation depth in the course of the training phase (between the start and the end of the training sequence), in the case where the training algorithm is adaptive. Specifically, the disturbances engendered by the spectral widening of the signal decrease alongside the convergence of the algorithm, and it then becomes possible to relax the spectral constraint slightly so as to increase the amplitude modulation depth of the RF signal transmitted.
In an example, if one chooses the N1 symbols transmitted first by selecting them within the subalphabet {−1, +1}, it is possible to choose the N2 symbols transmitted last in such a way that at least certain of them belong to the alphabet of symbols {−3, −1, +1, +3} excluding said subalphabet of symbols {−1, +1}, that is to say to the complementary subalphabet {−3, +3}, where N1 and N2 are integers less than N such that N1 and N2 are less than or equal to N. During the transmission of these N2 other symbols, that is to say after having operated the algorithm for training the linearization device 33 on the N1 symbols transmitted first, the transmit chain is already linearized approximately. The linearization is admittedly not total but then it makes it possible to use other symbols generating an RF signal of larger amplitude excursion while complying with the spectral width constraints.
Preferably, matters may be contrived such that a majority or even the totality of these N2 other symbols belongs to the subalphabet {−3, +3} which, according to a property of F4FM modulation, produce a more significant amplitude modulation depth. In the case of another modulation, it may be preferable to tend to a substantially uniform distribution of the symbols in the complete alphabet.
In an example, N1+N2=N. Of course, N1+N2 may be less than N, thereby making it possible to envisage other symbols transmitted between said N1 symbols transmitted first and said N2 symbols transmitted last, by producing intermediate effects in terms of spectral width and amplitude modulation depth.
It may be noted that for any modulation it is possible to find a signal sequence of fixed length N whose characteristics satisfy imposed constraints in terms of spectral width, amplitude modulation depth, and/or others.
It may also be noted that the convergence of the known algorithms for training linearization devices is fairly fast. It follows that an exhaustive search for the optimal sequence by computer-based simulation may be performed without any problem.
The diagram of
Training phases may be performed periodically or in some other fashion. Other constraints may have to be taken into account after the initial training phase, when it is entirely suitable to correct drifting of the transmitter. The training sequence may therefore alter both in content and in length. The number N is therefore not necessarily fixed from one transmission of the training sequence to another. If an increase in the size of the sequence poses problems (for example if the frame structure is fairly inflexible), then the size N of the sequence can be fixed and just its content can be modified as a function of the alterations in the constraints on the system.
The diagram of
In one embodiment, the training sequence may replace the useful data of the bursts inside which it is transmitted.
So as not to make the frame structure overly complex, and in particular to avoid having to reserve a specific time interval for the training of the linearization device 33, the space occupied by the linearization sequence may take up only part of the useful data of a burst. This characteristic makes it possible to be able to transmit useful data rapidly in the reminder of the burst without having to wait for the following time interval.
Other embodiments are conceivable. Specifically, in any frame structure provision is made to transmit isolated bursts, in particular at each change of logical channel (occurring in particular at each turn around, that is to say switchover from a receive phase to a transmit phase of the terminal), with each change of RF frequency (when a frequency jump functionality is implemented by the system), with each change of transmission power rating, or else in other particular cases that would take too long to detail here.
In one particularly advantageous embodiment, part of these isolated bursts is used to allow the device 34 for training the radiofrequency transmitter 32 to execute an algorithm for training the linearization device 33. In the example of
It is thus possible to use the time required for the transmission of the training sequence for other ends such as for example the tuning of the AGC at reception, according to the method alluded to above in regard to the diagram of
The recurrence of the AGC sequence is adapted to the needs of the training of the linearization device 33. Specifically, the AGC sequence as the training sequence are preferably transmitted at the start of a frame, and then upon a change of logical channel, upon a change of RF frequency and/or upon a change of power rating. This is why it is particularly advantageous to combine these sequences (these sequences forming just one single sequence, or one of them being included in the other), and to transmit them preferably as indicated hereinabove.
The AGC sequence is situated as near as possible to the signal power ramping-up, for example, just after this ramping. In this way, the training of the linearization device may be carried out as quickly as possible and thus disturb transmission for the least possible time.
In all the embodiments, it is preferable for the length of the training sequence to be such that it does not occupy too large a portion of the burst so as to keep a maximum of symbols for the broadcasting of useful information. This duration obviously depends on the sought-after accuracy of the training algorithm but a compromise between accuracy and duration often turns out to be necessary in order to preserve a maximum of useful information in the burst. A reasonable compromise is achieved when it represents around 5% of the total duration of the burst. In the case of a 20 ms burst transmitted at a binary rate of 8 ksymbols/s, the duration of a training sequence of N=10 symbols is thus equal to 1.25 ms, i.e. 6.25% of the total duration of the frame.
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|Sep 30, 2008
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|Feb 20, 2003
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|Filing date
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|Jan 19, 2006
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 8, 2005
Owner name: EADS TELECOM, FRANCE
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text:
I grew up tying broken rubber bands together to extend their life. I didn't get the latest toy. And I got comfortable in hand-me-down clothes. Although we didn't have much money growing up, I attribute this to my family's frugality.
Vermonters used to be proud of our frugal ways. We wore it like a rusty old, repurposed badge of honor. I'm reminded of the old joke: "How many Vermonters does it take to change a light bulb?" To which the answer is: "change it? That was my grandfather's light bulb!"
But it seems to me we've lost this trait. Sure, there still exist farmers who haven't bought a new implement in their lives, and wouldn't be caught dead with a shiny new tractor. But if our state budget is any indication, Vermont has lost its frugality.
Spending beyond our means was once thought unfathomable by our cultural norms. And now, we've spent ourselves into a $113 million hole.
It's one thing to have inaccurately predicted economic growth. But frugality means planning for what could be, not just what is foreseen. No matter how you felt about their politics, Governors Snelling and Dean lead us away from a budget landscape similar to where we find ourselves today, toward an era of fiscal restraint and responsibility.
Where austerity is stern and indiscriminate caps on spending, frugality is a culture of thriftiness, in which we don't spend unless we have to, in which we make do with what we've got whenever it is reasonable to do so, in which we tie a broken rubber band together once before we throw it out for good.
In 1992 Colorado passed a constitutional amendment called the Taxpayers Bill of Rights or TABOR. A far from perfect solution to over-spending, TABOR was a reaction to a taxpayer revolt. It limited growth in state revenue to growth in the economy. I am not advocating for such a restriction for Vermont's legislature, TABOR was a blunt and sloppy instrument to reign in spending.
But when there is a measurable dissonance between the cultural values of the electorate and the elected, reactionary policies can emerge. Policies that dispense with subtlety in favor instant impact. This type of policy is almost always unkind and ineffective.
More important than a change in how lawmakers manage the state budget is the articulation of the frustration and anger that Vermont has lost its frugal nature. It's time for Vermont to tie their rubber bands together.


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Issue: Summer 2009
For the First Australians, the invasion by Europeans meant total disruption of their lives and alienation from the land that had sustained them for thousands of years. In Victoria, the Wurundjeri people of the Yarra Valley were allotted and settled on a small piece of land called Coranderrk, but despite a valiant stuggle led by head man, William Barak, they were once again denied the right to call it their own.
Index of all Australian Heritage articles
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Aishwarya Rai unveiled the poster of her forthcoming movie Sarbjit. The movie also stars Randeep Hooda and Richa Chaddha. For the event, Aishwarya wore a splendid Sabyasachi outfit. The ensemble comprised of a monarch gold silk kurta, matching chudidar pyjamas and an accentuated pink silk dupatta.
The ensemble looks regal, just the thing you can expect out of a Sabyasachi collection. The use of silk fabric and intricate designing is quite elite. Aishwarya wore the ensemble with Amrapali jewellery and Intoto gold pumps. She half tied her hair that helped in showing off her teardrop earrings.
At the venue, we also got a chance to capture Richa Chaddha.
Richa wore a sheer white ensemble, comprised of a white full-sleeved kurta and white palazzo pants. The ensemble was put together by pink chiffon dupatta. Richa finished the look with red glossy lips.
Let's hope we get more of such exquisite Indian wears from their upcoming promotions.


text:
Move the guide to refine
2 hotels found in Huangpi
Result 1-2
Huangpi, No. 177 Huangpi Avenue, Huangpi District
0.5 km
Huangpi, 746 Shuangfeng Avenue, Huangpi District, Wuhan.
1.4 km
After entering a search request the hotel room prices and availability are being downloaded real-time from approximately 30 hotel- and booking websites. If it is unexpectedly not possible to request the hotel room prices and availability from one or a few providers, or if one provider does not transmit the information to LookingforBooking after entering a search request, only the prices and availability from available providers are being displayed. If you want to see the full picture of all hotels at LookingforBooking, you should search without a date. Then you will be able to compare all hotels on their location and facilities.


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COBRA Administration
COBRA Customer Service: (888) 600-3440
Click Here to login to COBRA Member Services
One of the hardest jobs facing any benefits administrator is dealing with the complexity and constantly evolving COBRA laws. COBRA presents three unique challenges to employers:
- Staying in compliance with the constantly changing,
complex COBRA regulations.
- Clearly communicating COBRA rights and procedures to
affected employees.
- Helping COBRA eligible plan members deal with unfamiliar
issues at a time of emotional stress.
Often the most difficult challenges facing employers and benefits plan administrators is dealing with COBRA participants in a compassionate, but balanced manner. Almost every COBRA qualifying event is a challenging and trying time for former employees and dependents. It is also often a stressful time for the HR team and benefits plan administrators. Web Benefits Design will effectively manage the liability, expense, and burdens associated with the complex COBRA laws and provide an independent voice to assist employees dealing with a qualifying event, including job loss.
Seamless Integration
Web Benefits Design provides seamless COBRA administration that is integrated with our online enrollment system capabilities, client-specific benefits websites, and employee benefits call center. COBRA administration services include: initial notification to new hires and new enrollees, qualifying event election notice, monthly payment coupons, notification of late payment or insufficient funds, notification of upcoming expiration and termination, and open enrollment communications. All COBRA packets are processed within 48 hours of termination notification. Member packets are customized based on the plans and election options available based on the member's coverage status. Members have access to WBD toll-free customer service with help regarding benefit eligibility, payment status, payment options, or enrollment assistance. WBD will provide premium remittance reports, payment status reports, participant election reports, and activity tracking reports. Employers will be reimbursed on a quarterly basis.
The COBRA process is fully supported by a staff of highly trained COBRA-certified professionals that can assist your members with the following issues:
- Eligibility questions
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- Issuing new ID cards
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Our primary objective is to provide complete COBRA outsourcing to our clients so that all COBRA questions, support, and member issues are handled by our capable staff. Web Benefits Design's COBRA solutions will ultimately save money, time, administrative resources, and eliminate the risk of non-compliance.
COBRA Member Services
Web Benefits Design's dedicated COBRA customer service team administers all aspects of COBRA administration:
- Initial notification using client-specific, customized COBRA packets
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- Miscellaneous communications including partial payments, credit balances, insufficient funds notification, etc.
- Generate billing statement as needed
- Termination letters
- HIPAA certificate of creditable coverage
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- Resources to assist employees in gaining insurance after COBRA is exhausted here
COBRA Member Notifications
Your Web Benefits Design COBRA customer service team will ensure that your compliance with our comprehensive COBRA notification services:
- Customized COBRA packets including not only COBRA information, but client-specific information such as life insurance conversion, life insurance portability, 401k rollover information and any other information you would want to include to a terminated employee
- General COBRA notice to new hires
- Miscellaneous HIPAA provisional notices to newly covered members
- COBRA election notices for qualifying events
- HIPAA certificates of creditable coverage (at loss of coverage and end of COBRA period)
- Notification to health plans and confirmation notification to employer (i.e., termination requests, reinstatement requests)
- Multiple qualifying event notices as required
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- Updated COBRA information is maintained on the client employee benefit website
COBRA Reporting Capabilities
Web Benefits Design's reporting capabilities provide our clients with accurate, customized reporting on all system activities including:
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Web Benefits Design's COBRA Team
Web Benefits Design's compliance experts and customer support team will:
- Ensure your company meets all DOL notification requirements
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- Immediately notify our clients, members and COBRA participants of applicable, mandatory legislative changes
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- Administer state-specific COBRA plans (i.e. CAL COBRA)
- Manage and support all aspects of COBRA administration in a superior manner
COBRA Compliance and Legislation
COBRA administration is a complex business – especially with the recent legislation changes and the ever-changing scope of healthcare reform. Non-compliance can result in stiff penalties, legal fee, and productivity losses. The IRS currently performs over a dozen audit procedures for COBRA compliance and places the burden of proof of compliance on the company. Unnecessary COBRA claims are costly and often the responsibility of the employer rather than the insurance carrier. Legal fees, penalties, and employee time spent on an audit can be significant.
Fortunately, there's Web Benefits Design, we are the COBRA compliance and administration experts. We have the tools, experience, knowledge and dedication you need to ensure that your company is COBRA compliant. Web Benefits Design's integrated COBRA services provide clients with administration that meets all of the COBRA regulatory requirements. Moreover, our administration includes additional services that are not required by the regulations, but provide critical functions necessary for a comprehensive COBRA and HIPAA administration program.


text:
Defending champion Novak Djokovic made short work of Finland's Jarkko Nieminen as the temperature rose on Centre Court at Wimbledon.
The top seed won 6-4 6-2 6-3 in 34C heat to set up a third-round clash with Australia's 27th seed Bernard Tomic.
Bulgaria's Grigor Dimitrov, last year's semi-finalist, beat American Steve Johnson 7-6 (10-8) 6-2 7-6 (7-2).
Seventh seed Milos Raonic and US Open champion Marin Cilic are among the other men in action on day three.
"On this warm day it's good to spend a little bit less time," Djokovic told BBC Sport.
"I'm glad with the way I'm playing and I'm getting into form. As the tournament progresses, hopefully I'll be able to elevate the level of my performances."


text:
Chip Thomas
James "Chip" Thomas, a native of North Carolina, moved to the Navajo nation in 1987 to work as an Indian Health Services Physician, where he continues to work and live. During this time Chip taught myself black and white photography and works in his homemade darkroom. Two photographers who greatly inspire his work are Eugene Richards and James Nachtwey who he was able to study with in 1992 and 1994.
Chip took a leave from work for one year in 1992 to join four other cyclists in order to be the team Physician for a transcontinental African bicycle expedition. Their adventure took them from Africa's northernmost point (Bizerte, Tunisia) 12,000 miles to the southernmost point (Cape Aghulas, South Africa). They covered this distance in 9 and 1/2 months and were rewarded with a certificate from Guinness Book of World Records for our efforts. In the Fall of 1998 he returned to east Africa for 3 months.


text:
October 28, 1921 – March 17, 2012
Marjorie, born Oct. 28, 1921, died peacefully at Franklin Regional Medical Center following an extended illness. A graveside service will be held at 11 a.m. Tuesday, March 20, at Oakwood Cemetery, Louisburg.
In as much as she was a testament to the wonders of a giving and caring lifestyle all of her 90 years, she was a remarkable woman of first-time accomplishments and true dedication in her actions that translated into motivation and learning for others and garnished the love and respect of so many throughout her blessed life.
In her young family, she was the only girl to earn a four-year college degree, the first to own a car (a Ford) and the first woman in the area to fly an airplane solo under the instruction of Floyd Griffin in 1942, when she was just 21 years old.
She was courageous, and her gumption and love for education led her to teach sewing and home economics in her home community of Mapleville, at Vance-Granville Community College in the evenings for 60 years and at Louisburg High School and W.R. Mills High School in Louisburg – serving the county in public schools as a teacher for 45 years. She found much happiness in later years hearing from her students and how they had put those taught "life skills" to work.
Whether it was through decades of guiding and educating others or doing the work of often difficult and challenging farm life, Marjorie passionately lived her life's motto of doing her part in this world to make it a better place. "I will do my part," she would often state, and then she would follow up with committed and focused action. She was a woman of her word.
That spark was one of a pioneer who would speak up for equal pay and treatment for women in the workplace. Marjorie was a firm believer for equal rights among all, and she was active in her community on local issues – outspoken in many areas of concern for Franklin County and a leader in her own rank. She was active, too, in many professional organizations, serving as president and as district and state advisor for the Future Homemaker Association and was an officer in many other organizations.
She held a bachelor of science degree from East Carolina in home economics and science, a master's degree from UNC-Greensboro in the same area of study and had completed work in pursuing her PhD at UNC-Greensboro. Her accomplished goal throughout her life was to learn something new every day.
Her most grand loves were those around her on the family's Mapleville Community farm – Leonard Farm - an enterprise she managed and operated from 1996 until recent months. Her husband, Quinton Samuel Leonard, passed away in September of 1996.
Married on June 23, 1945, Marjorie and Quinton had four children, two surviving into adulthood – Martha L. Mobley and Quinton S. Leonard III, who passed away in March of 2006. Martha, also dedicated to an agricultural way of life, is an extension agent for the N.C. Extension Service in Franklin County. Martha and husband Steve live in the Mapleville Community on the farm.
Marjorie had much pride and true joy from her children. Son Quinton was a member of the 1983 Cardiac Pack (National Championship) Team under NCSU Coach Jim Valvano among other accomplishments that gave Marjorie enjoyable bragging rights, and Martha was her constant friend, companion and devoted daughter. Together they shared a bond of respect and love, continually evident by those who knew them well together or who had only met them.
Marjorie would always step up in time of need for family and friends. Her yeast rolls and pound cakes were the most sought after among the excellent cook's recipes, and often she would cook to show her support when others needed her. She loved good, fresh, local foods and supported many efforts to educate others – young and old - about their nutrition and importance. She directed many weddings and took great pleasure in being part of couples starting out their lives together. And, one particular favorite, which continued through her lifetime, was a liking to Buick autos, a favorite of her husband's as well. Marjorie always drove a Buick.
Marjorie had the distinction of being the oldest, longest-attending member of the O. Henry Bookclub in Louisburg. A member for 70 years, she found strong friendships within the club and enjoyed their shared love to read. She attended Maple Springs Baptist Church.
The third child out of seven - born to Martha Louise Griffin Gardner and Walter Delifate Gardner - Marjorie will be missed by many who knew and loved her. She will live forever in the hearts and memories of those she touched so dearly and so wonderfully.
Marjorie has one surviving sister, Ollie Mae G. Batts of Elm City, NC and a sister-in-law, Betsy Leonard Pernell of Mapleville. Her beloved grandson, Quinton S. Leonard IV, is of Palmyra, Penn. Her daughter-in-law is Laura Wasson Leonard and, special longtime friend and caregiver, Joyce "Sweet" Green.
Marjorie is preceded in death by sisters Gladys Pittman, Mary Ruth Owens, Alice "Shine" Batts, Florence "Pete" Barnes, Susan "Susie" Vick. Also she is preceded in death by a brother who lived only one day – Hyman Morris Gardner.
In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to the Marjorie Leonard Women in Agriculture Scholarship Fund in care of Marie Boyette, BB&T, P.O. Box 464, Louisburg, NC 27549.
Family will receive friends at the Mobley home, 571 Leonard Farm Road, Louisburg at all times.
Funeral arrangements are by Strickland Funeral Home & Crematory, Louisburg, www.stricklandfuneralhome.net.
Paid Obituary


text:
El link para descargar gratis está al final, debajo de los detalles del libro.
FIRST THINGS FIRST, Stephen R. Covey
I've learned that the good is the enemy of the best when the first things in our lives are subordinated to other things. My daughter, Maria, recently had a new baby. A few days after she delivered, I visited with her, expecting to find her happy. Instead, I found her frustrated. She told me, "I have so many other projects and interests that are important to me. But right now, I have to put everything on hold. I'm spending all my time just meeting the physical needs of this new baby. I can't even find time to be with my other two children and my husband."
Seeking to understand, I replied, "So, this new baby is consuming you?" She continued, "I have other work to do. I have some writing projects that need my attention. I have other people in my life." I asked her, "What does your conscience tell you to do? Maybe right now there is only one thing that matters your baby." She said, "But I have so many other projects and plans." She showed me her organizer. "I schedule time to do these other things, but then I'm constantly interrupted by my baby." I talked to her about the concept of a compass, not a clock. "You're being governed by your internal compass, your conscience, and you're doing something of enormous good. Now is not the time to be controlled by the clock. Throw away your planner for a few weeks. Only one thing is needful. So, relax and enjoy the very nature of this interruption to your life."


text:
signed first edition Paperback
1975 · Victoria
by Skelton, Robin and William David Thomas
Victoria: Univ of Victoria, 1975. Perfect-bound illustrated waps. Issued with a frontispiece original color silkscreen print by William Featherston signed by him. One of 1500 as such. Copy #881. Black and white photographs and facsimile ms pages "The Malahat Review" order form laid-in as issued. Contributions by Marilyn Bowring, John Montague, William Stafford, et al. Includes Graves' poem "The Moon Ends in Nightmare." Minimal shelfwear, foxing on inside wraps. Tight copy in Good condition. A quarterly publication; this issue published in celebration of Robert Graves' eightieth birthday.. Signed by Artist. First Edition. Soft Cover. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall. Limited Edition.
The images are of the book described and not stock photos. (Inventory #: 11631w)
The images are of the book described and not stock photos. (Inventory #: 11631w)


text:
Colorful, soft, flannel, natural cloths for your baby! So useful for so many different reasons. Homemade is so much more personal than the commercial store cloths, In addition to supporting the DIY makers who put so much love into what they do. That's who I am~
As I stated, there are so many uses for these!! They can be used as a baby burp pad. As a changing pad, absorbent for those accidents while changing them. Great to have on hand when traveling. Grab for those spit ups, spills, that can make a mess. This can also be used as a mini blanket for those babies that like to cuddle up to something soft and be secure. Keep with you in your diaper bag, in a door pocket in your car, purse or where ever you will need it. Soft and gentle for protection of baby's skin.
The designs are limitless… they measures approximately 11″ x 18″. You can get them here.
They make a wonderful, unique gift for that mother to be, a shower gift, birthday gift, new baby gift, you will be a hit with these unique beautiful homemade products that can't be found in stores.
Let me know what you think by commenting below.


text:
One would expect the player many consider to be the top running back in the country would get plenty of attention at UGA's invite-only camp. That's exactly what happened with tailback Kregg Lumpkin.
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