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I lean against the wall of silvered mirror tiles and watch as the doors close, then wait for that lurch of my stomach as the elevator begins its long journey. But surprisingly, it doesn't come. It's a smooth ride, the only indication that we are Read More
Visiting Dubai's Center for Cultural Understanding
The modern city of Dubai sprang from the desert, seemingly erupted, in just a few decades. The city gleams and sparkles with buildings of glass and steel that soar, lean, bulge, twist and fold, often appearing to defy gravity. And the people -- Read More
Going on a Desert Safari, Dubai Style
There's lots not to miss in Dubai. But top of my list was the desert safari. Okay, it's a tourist thing. But it's still exotic, a peek at traditional Bedouin life -- and a total giggle. My two friends and I were picked up at our hotel Read More
Living Large at the Burj al Arab in Dubai
"Ah, not the elevator," my friend said in the lobby of Dubai's Burj Al Arab hotel. "We will ride the submarine to the restaurant." And indeed, we did. After entering a small capsule with bucket seats and fastening our seat belts, lights flickered, Read More
What to Buy in Dubai: Souvenir Shopping in one of the World's Bizarre Bazaars
I am standing in a shopping mall. To my left, a realistically sculpted male mannequin is showing off a trendy pair of overly tight underwear, complete with bumps that leave nothing to the imagination. In front of me, a sign implores visitors to dress Read More
Visit Abu Dhabi's Grand Mosque: a Masterpiece of Islamic Architecture
We stare at the dazzling white columns surrounding the courtyard of the Sheik Zayed Grand Mosque, the sunlight forming pools on the marble mozaic floor. The effect is mesmerizing, a play of light and perspective that renders us momentarily Read More
Taking an Architecture Tour of Dubai
The title of this article would have been impossible a mere 50 years ago. Back then, what is now the high-gloss oil-infused city-state of Dubai was little more than a desert outpost with more sand than pavement. Even until the 1990s, it wouldn't have Read More


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Mangalyaan in Mars Orbit: South Celebs Congratulate ISRO Scientists
It is a historic moment for India as our Mars orbiter, Mangalyaan has entered the Red Planet's orbit. The whole nation is celebrating the occasion for which the credit goes to the ISRO scientist.
The notable factor here is that the Mangalyaan cost just Rs.450 crores, which is cheaper than a Hollywood movie. The US, the European Space Agency and Russia are the other nations in the elite club of Martian explorers.
Their expenditures were far higher than our budget and they did not taste success in their maiden efforts, which makes our achievement special. In filmi terms, the Mangalyaan is a low-budget film that has struck gold at Box Office! Celebrating the occasion, our cine celebs have shared their excitement on Twitter. Find that they are saying on the slideshow...
Taapsee Pannu
Three cheers for ISRO! Let's hope this 'Mangalyan' eventually shows us where these men actually belong to 😜
#ISRO.. take a bow.. You deserve every inch of respect.. Thank you for making me a proud Indian..
#Mangalyaan enters the orbit n gives yet another reason for every INDIA to feel the pride n celebrate this moment..#Salute2allBehindIt
PC Sreeram
I salute ISRO scientists for making every Indian walk taller today. With so much negativity around us -this one giant step gives us hope.
Harris Jayaraj
Congratulations to all the scientists in ISRO for the successful mission of MangalYAAN . I am glad to share my happiness as an Indian.
Lee Whittaker
congrats!!!! India is the first country to have a successful Mars mission in the very first attempt. #Mangalyaan pic.twitter.com/oJtQlbdCiC"
Radikaa Sarathkumar
Proud day for Indians as Mangalyaan enters Mars orbit.👏👏👏👏👏🙏🙏to all who made it possible.
Mohan Raman
To all our Scientists, Engineers and ISRO staff - Past and Present - We salute you all. Esp to you Dr. Abdul Kalaam - you paved the way.
SS Rajamouli
India has spent $74 mil to reach Mars. Less than the budget of the film "Gravity," $100 million. #respect #ISRO #Mangalyaan

subset: commoncrawl


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Of course, where the sequined sweater/shirt/whatever that thing is ends, so does the Diana resemblance. In traditional fashion, Mother Monster opted to leave her pants hanging in the closet at home and accessorized her stems with a pair of fishnets instead. You know what, though? We don't hate it.
For some weird reason, it looks kind of cool. No, we wouldn't go walking around in something like that, but we're not Lady Gaga, either.
She committed to the over-the-top ensemble, she's totally owning it and for some reason, we just can't stop staring at her. It works. We don't know why and we won't question it, but it works.
While Gaga is naturally brunette, she's been blonde for almost as long as she's been a pop star, so either she was feeling really inspired during her last trip to the salon, or this is just another one of her famous wigs. She does seem to be enjoying it, though.
She's posted a couple of pictures on her Instagram page of herself rocking the darker, curly 'do and it's kind of a fun change. We approve.
Want More? Like us on Facebook
Gallery | Lady Gaga and Taylor Kinney


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Traveling Luck for Horseshoe Bend, Virginia, United States
Where is Horseshoe Bend?What's around Horseshoe Bend?
Wikipedia near Horseshoe Bend
Where to stay near Horseshoe Bend
The timezone in Horseshoe Bend is America/Iqaluit
Sunrise at 08:35 and Sunset at 18:41. It's Dark
Latitude. 36.7094°, Longitude. -81.6200°
Weather near Horseshoe Bend; Report from Richlands, Tazewell County Airport, VA 51.7km away
Weather :
Temperature: 0°C / 32°F
Wind: 8.1km/h West
Weather :
Temperature: 0°C / 32°F
Wind: 8.1km/h West
Satellite map around Horseshoe Bend
Loading map of Horseshoe Bend and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Horseshoe Bend, in Virginia, United States
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Dry Branch (4.1km)
- Dry Fork (4.5km)
- Cold Branch (4.6km)
- Big Branch (5.1km)
- Pennington Branch (5.3km)
- Big Laurel Creek (5.4km)
- Little Laurel Creek (5.4km)
- Burnt Cabin Creek (5.5km)
- Pole Bridge Branch (5.7km)
- Buzzard Den Branch (5.7km)
- Daves Branch (5.7km)
- South Fork Parker Branch (5.9km)
- Charles Branch (6.1km)
- Parker Branch (6.5km)
- Back Fork (6.5km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Tucker Cemetery (2.3km)
- Hash Cemetery (3.4km)
- Macedonia Cemetery (3.4km)
- Davis Cemetery (3.6km)
- McClure Cemetery (5km)
- Laurel Cemetery (5.9km)
- James Cemetery (6.4km)
- Konnarock Cemetery (6.6km)
- Riverside Cemetery (6.8km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Mount Olive Church (3km)
- Macedonia Church (3.4km)
- Union Church (5km)
- Laurel Valley Church (5.8km)
- Pleasant Home Church (5.8km)
- Grosses Creek Church (5.9km)
- New Bethel Church (6.4km)
- Bethel Church (6.5km)
- mountain;
- an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
- Sharp Top (2.7km)
- Straight Mountain (2.8km)
- High Point (2.9km)
- Grave Mountain (4.3km)
- Round Top (5.2km)
- Little Mountain (5.4km)
- Double Top (5.6km)
- Bald Knob (6.1km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Dry Fork School (historical) (2.9km)
- Piedmont School (historical) (3.2km)
- Konnarock School (historical) (5.3km)
- Laurel School (historical) (5.8km)
- Oak Grove School (historical) (6.5km)
Accommodation around Horseshoe Bend
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Horseshoe Bend (0km)
- Skulls Gap Picnic Area (1.2km)
- Parker Chapel (4.2km)
- Beartree Family Camp (4.6km)
- Cherry Tree Camp (5.8km)
- ridge(s);
- a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest.
- Barlow Ridge (1.3km)
- Pine Spur (2.8km)
- Chestnut Ridge (5.1km)
- valley;
- an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream.
- Burnt Cabin Hollow (5.5km)
- Bell Hollow (5.7km)
- Incline Hollow (6.3km)
- spring(s);
- a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground.
- Widener Spring (5.6km)
- trail;
- a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles.
- Iron Mountain Trail (2.5km)
- gap;
- a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation.
- Skulls Gap (1.6km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Horseshoe Bend
- Whitetop Mountain mountain mountain k
- Adwolf, Virginia city city o
- Mount Rogers mountain mountain k
- Chilhowie, Virginia city city o
- Troutdale, Virginia city city o
- Glade Spring, Virginia city city o
- Marion, Virginia city city o
- Damascus, Virginia city city o
- Sugar Grove, Virginia city city o
- Emory-Meadow View, Virginia city city o
- Saltville, Virginia city city o
- Lansing, North Carolina city city o
- Atkins, Virginia city city o
- Mountain City, Tennessee city city o
- Abingdon, Virginia city city o
- Jefferson, North Carolina city city o
Airports close to Horseshoe Bend
Hickory rgnl(HKY), Hickory, Usa (136.7km)
Smith reynolds(INT), Winston-salem, Usa (175.4km)
Charlotte douglas international(CLT), Charlotte, Usa (221.3km)


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Online Shopping Description: Beekeeping Jacket Veil Smock Equipment Supplies Bee Keeping Hat Sleeve Suit Strong ring keep the bees away from your face, and all round is visible. Specification: Color: #1White / #2Blue / #3Camouflage / #4Navy Blue Material: Fine cottonSize: Fit for most of adults. Package Includes 1 x Beekeeping Jacket Veil amazon 60% off Shopping | Glasses, cameras, dress, cloth, watches, shoes, baby dress party dress


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- BA New College, Sarasota FL.
- PhD University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- San Francisco Art Institute
Selected Exhibitions
- Photography + Science, Yixian International Photography Festival, November 8 – 12, 2017. Curated by Laura Moya
- Scattering Theory (solo) Prentice and Paul Sacks Gallery, San Francisco Art Institute, February 28 – March 5, 2016
- Beauty in Transition (solo), Phantom Gallery, Milpitas, CA. March-May 2015
- The Taken and the Made, Still Lights Gallery, San Francisco Art Institute, April 2015
- Bay Area Landscapes, Fremont Library, March 2015
- Pretty Raw, Universität für Angewandte Kunst Wien, Vienna, Austria. November 2014. Curated by Gabriele Rothemann and Linda Connor.
- Bay Area Bridges, Fremont Public Library, October-November 2012
Selected Publications
- The Most Creative Bit of Glass Work in the City: The Story Behind the Art and Conservation of Bruce Porter's St. Christopher Window, 2014.
- Optical Disks for Image Storage and Distribution, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 42,1 (1998) [invited paper]
- The Fractal Form of Proteins, Physical Review Letters 45, 1456 (1980)


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The individual positioning problem is difficult and requires the concerted effort of many people.
Therefore, we have established strong partnerships with the top tier players in our industry. In particular, we have built relationships with research labs like LETI, the research center of France CEA, and IM2NP from Université de Provence.
Our state-of-the-art technology has drawn the attention of OSEO, the French agency for innovation promotion. We are grateful for their support. And we are very proud to be part of the Minalogic Cluster,a world class incubator for a ventures like ours. Recently, the French defence agency, DGA has begun to fund BeSpoon technology for use in defence applications, which is an important step in our development.


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While reading Greg Gabriel's Why Do Highly Regarded Players Become Busts? from The National Football Post, a few things struck me
as information that would be "good to know" for guys that dream of playing on Sundays.
I say that, because, in Gabriel's opinion, the main thing that causes guys to end up draft busts, is football character.
And if you're a legitimate NFL prospect, you will be graded on your football character by NFL teams.
So, knowing that, the obvious next question is, "what do NFL teams look for, when it comes to football character?"
Let's talk about that real quick.
Oh, before we do, I have to recommend that you read Gabriel's article on your own, in case I overlooked something. I'm just going to be sharing with you the lessons I personally think are important for you to know.
Lesson #1: There's a BIG Difference Between Personal and Football Character
As I mentioned before, character, at least with NFL scouts, is broken down into two subcategories:
1) personal character, and
2) football character.
Gabriel does a great job of explaining the difference between the two:
Personal character is basically how a person lives his life. Is he a good person and citizen? Is he a good father, husband and teammate? Football character is a player's passion for the game, his work ethic, his desire to be a great player, his intelligence as it relates to his position, his ability to take to coaching.
Lesson #2: Assess Your OWN Football Character
Yes, NFL scouts are going to grade you on your football character, but you should be assessing your own football character, for two reasons:
1) So you can increase the likelihood that scouts will like what they find out about your football character.
2) To make sure that playing in the NFL is something you really wanna do.
I'll explain.
Playing in the NFL is a grind. It may look like fun, but it's grueling, too.
Ask yourself:
"How's my work ethic when it comes to football?"
"Do I really care about being a great football player?"
"How do I respond to coaching? Can I take coaching, or do I prefer to do my own thing?"
I'm not trying to tell you what to do, but if you don't really love the game, and you don't have a burning desire to be a great football player, you might not want to waste your time pursuing a pro career.
Don't believe me?
Well, with over 30 years around the NFL game, at least take Gabriel's word on this one:
Football is a very tough game and if you don't love to play it, you won't be very good. There are many players who will get by for a couple of years on their pure talent, but in the end their lack of passion and football character will do them in. You can't play for the money — the game is too hard and competitive to do that. Coaches will see right through that and the player will be cut or traded.
Lesson #3: You Need Both, But Football Character Will Take You Farther
You can be a "good boy", with a squeeky clean off-the-field image, but if you're lacking in the football character department, you're no good to an NFL team, at least not for long.
Gabriel explained it simply:
A player with strong football character and marginal personal character has a chance to succeed at the NFL level because his football character will help him overcome his personal issues. On the other hand, if a player has weak football and personal character, he has no chance. The same can be said for the opposite. A kid with strong personal character and low football character won't survive, either. He won't have the drive or mental toughness to compete with those who do.
Keep in mind, though, that different teams have different philosophies, when it comes to what they will and won't tolerate from a football and personal character standpoint.
Nevertheless, these little tidbits of information could very well give you the edge over the competition for that NFL roster spot you dream of.
Good luck.
What are your opinions on character? Is it overrated, or are NFL teams justified in screening candidates based on character?
Follow me on Twitter! @alvingrier


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Coping with the problems of ageing
Defining 'old'
The saying goes, you are only as old as you feel. So someone who is 70 might think they are quite young, but someone who is only 60 might feel as if they are old. But in most countries, people are deemed old when they reach retirement age. This is usually between the ages of 60 to 70.
When most people retire, they rarely receive any extra income so they have to live off their savings and pensions.
In Asia, adult children usually pay their parents' bills. In Western countries, some governments provide pensions for the elderly, funded by public money collected through tax systems.
Elderly welfare in Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, people aged 65 or above can apply for a senior citizen's card. This card gives users discounted services, including public transport and medical services.
Retired Hongkongers receive HK$1,090 every month from the government. If their assets and income fall below what the government has defined as the minimum, they can also apply for Comprehensive Social Security Assistance. A single person will receive HK$2,820 a month.
But elderly people need more than just financial support. As people age, their bodies also start to fail. They are more vulnerable to certain diseases, which affect their motor skills and their memories. Older people need time, attention and love from their families. As they become older and their friends pass on, they need to have company to stop them from feeling sad and lonely. They might also need help to cope with old age and the problems it brings.
Why old people need special care
In order to understand their needs, it helps to become familiar with the so-called 'elderly diseases' and learn how they impact on their lives.
Dementia is a disease of the brain. It affects memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behaviour. It causes people to act strangely. They might become forgetful, or lose their way. They might think they are still young, or fighting in a war. It can be very scary for them, and for those around them. It can also be dangerous because sometimes they might decide to cook and then forget what they are doing and cause a fire. They need constant care, which is difficult if their children are working.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. It can also affect young people. In its early stages, sufferers find it difficult to do things they used to find easy. They may lose their way, lose things and often forget the names of common objects or how to speak clearly. Sometimes, sufferers' personalities change drastically.
As the disease worsens, the sufferer will forget who their family members are. They will lose all ability to take care of themselves and need 24-hour care.
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease tends to affect those over 50. It causes their limbs to shake constantly, which makes it difficult to walk or to even feed themselves.
Luckily this can be helped by medicine. But the medicine can make patients feel sick, and it is important for them to remember to take the the correct dosage of the tablets.
Osteoporosis is a bone disease caused by a lack of calcium. This is why it is important to get enough calcium and exercise when you are young. As people get older - especially women - their bones become weaker. Eventually the bones break.
The situation can be made worse when people have bad eyesight because they could fall more easily. Having dementia or Parkinson's can also make it worse for the same reasons.
Although arthritis does not only affect elderly people, it is more common among those over 60.Arthritis affects the joints like knees, hips and elbows. The most common type of arthritis that comes with age is called osteoarthritis. As people grow old, the wear and tear on their joints takes its toll. The cartilage - the firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at the joints - breaks down and the bones rub together. This causes pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly after exercise. Sometimes, the pain makes it too difficult to walk and move. And at its worst, intense pain will keep sufferers from being able to sleep.
Arthritis can make it difficult for a person to grip things such as taps, bottles and chopsticks. Many old-age homes have special taps that can be opened or closed using just the elbow.
Type 2 diabetes is a common disease among the elderly. It happens when the body is no longer able to process sugar properly. If sugar remains in the blood, it can cause many problems. A constant high blood sugar level can cause a stroke or heart attack.
Diabetes patients may find their wounds take longer to heal and get infected more easily. Their feet may be affected and they might have to have them cut off. The disease does not pose an immediate threat. But, in the long term, sufferers may go blind or suffer failed kidneys. Diabetes affects older people more because it is harder for them to look after themselves.
Other problems
At a certain age your body is unable to repair itself as well as it could. Over time, senses like eyesight and hearing begin to fail. Muscles begin to lose strength.
Another common problem is incontinence, meaning they cannot control their bladders or bowels.
But not all problems are physical. Loss of friends, loss of purpose, loss of mobility can all add up to elderly people feeling depressed. This needs to be treated through medication and possibly counselling.
With careful planning and good care, elderly people can live a long time and still enjoy their retirement. Having a loving family certainly helps. Hug a granny today!
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It was a rare day in that Julia was dressed. At least, some of her had been covered. She stood still while Blake and Carly wrapped the strips of rubber around her legs and hips, leaving wide swaths of skin and her sex exposed. The strips wound around her wist, under and over her breasts, squeezing them painfully while highlighting them, bared for all to see. Secured in her ribboned straps, her hands were bound behind her by thinner strips of the material, a gag inserted into her mouth and buckled into place, straps with metal rings at either side of her mouth digging into her cheeks before meeting behind her head, her loose blonde hair covering the buckle. She lifted a leg as Carly's hand guided her feet into cruelly pointed heels and laced them tightly around her ankles. She learned a lesson in balance early, and found that she could hold herself up on little more than the tips of her toes now. She had made no move to resist when the gag was pushed into her mouth, another lesson learned at the expense of her dignity and a piece of her sanity. She understood when she was dressed this way that she was to be taken with the two women who kept her. She resolved herself not to feel this time, not to allow herself to be swayed by the want and desire and perversion that issued from Lilith in waves, that made her savor the abuse and the shame.
She barely moved when the collar was fastened around her neck, thick enough to keep her head from tilting too far down or up, and even her range of motion to the left and right was limited. She did not have to see, she would be led. She would be told where to stand or sit, what to do. It was growing easier by the day, to allow herself to not think at all, to simply exist.
When the thin silver chain clipped onto the ring of steel at the front of the collar, she prepared herself, ready to move as the chain told her by the direction of its tug.
The chamber door opened, and Blake and Carly immediately fell to their knees. The pull of the chain told her to join them and Julia fell harshly to the stone floor. Her knees exploded in sharp pain, but it faded quickly enough to a dull ache. The hole in her soul was far more difficult to bear.
Lilith's spiked stilettos click-clacked on the floor as she approached, but Julia kept her head lowered. To look at her was to invite attention and Lilith's attention could damn her forever. When she looked into the eyes of Blake and Carly during their use of her, she saw only dark longing. She hoped her own eyes still held some semblance of humanity.
"Well, well, girls," Lilith began, her voice musical and alluring and deep, "you've enjoyed dressing up your doll I see."
Julia heard the heels clicking closer to her until, even bowed, she could see the tips of Lilith's toes peeking through the open-toed heels.
"I approve," Lilith whispered and Julia could not stop the shiver that jingled the chain attached to her collar. The voice was just beside her ear, and Julia could feel Lilith's warm and strangely perfumed breath pushing against it. "Nothing to say, Toy?"
Julia remained silent. To engage is to invite, she told herself. Her silence may bring punishment, but it was a better alternative than the corruption that Blake and Carly suffered. It was far too easy to want Lilith. For days or weeks, it was hard to tell, Lilith had referred to Julia only as Toy, a plaything for her two decorations. In the quiet of the dark, when Julia heard Carly and Blake breathing evenly with sleep, she admitted to herself the anonymity of her chosen name aroused her.
"Hmm. Maybe a little trip to the cabinet would loosen your tongue. Or perhaps just remove it altogether." Julie held her eyes down, even as she felt Lilith's lips close to her cheek. "The secret of the cabinet, Toy, is that it gives you exactly what you want, even the things you never even admitted to yourself. I am curious what dark pleasures it would unlock in you."


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Picture gallery:Newport students gearing up for their production of a Terry Pratchett classic
PUBLISHED: 14:17 13 March 2014 | UPDATED: 14:17 13 March 2014
Billed as "Macbeth like you've never seen it before", a new school production of a Terry Pratchett classic is set to take audiences by storm.
Students at Newport Free Grammar School are gearing up for their play, Wyrd Sisters, a Discworld classic, which is running from tonight to Saturday in the school hall.
The production is a change from the academy's tradition of putting on musicals, and will give the school's gifted, aspiring actors a chance to shine.
The cast is drawn from Years 8 to 13 and is packed with talented actors and actresses who have given their time during lunch breaks, after-school sessions and weekends to rehearse for the show.
Head of drama Raeesa Aniff said: "This is Macbeth like you've never seen it before and probably never will again!
"For those diehard fans of Pratchett's Discworld, it will be familiar and will transport you into the amazing world of his stories.
"For those of you who are new to Pratchett, it will just be tremendous fun.
"There's a wicked duke and duchess, the ghost of a murdered king, some rather simple soldiers, actors, strolling players all in a whole kingdom in trouble.
"The excitement would not be complete without Nanny Ogg, Magrat Garlick and Mistress Weatherwax, Pratchett's fantastical witches!"
This will be the last performance for co-lead actresses Rebecca Jones, Millie Smith and Phoebe Watts, who have all starred in previous shows at the school.
They will be moving on in the summer after completing their A-levels.
Phoebe, who plays Magrat Garlick, said: "We are really excited to show off all of the hard work put into this play.
"The three witches are all very different characters and it has been great fun for us to discover their personalities through our rehearsals."
Headteacher Gordon Farquhar said: "I am extremely proud of the commitment shown by the whole cast and crew and cannot wait to see the fruits of their labour on stage!"
Tickets for the shows, which begin at 7.30pm with a matinee performance on Saturday at 2pm, can be bought from the school finance office. Call 01799 540237.


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AirPR raises $5M to bring more data to PR
AirPR is announcing that it has raised $5 million in Series B funding. The company started out as a marketplace that matched up startups with public relations professionals, but is focus has since shifted to building analytic tools that measure the impact of PR — in fact, it sold the marketplace side of the business last year. AirPR has now raised a total of $10 million. The Series B… Read More
AirPR Sells Its PR Marketplace To The CHR Group
AirPR, a startup promising a fresh approach to public relations, has sold its PR marketplace to marketing agency The CHR Group. The marketplace first launched in 2012 and offered to connect startups with the right PR representation. (It opened more broadly the following year.) However, it's not AirPR's only product — the company also launched an analytics platform to track a… Read More
The Omniture Of PR? AirPR's New Analytics Platform Aims To Show CMOs How To Invest In PR
Startups and PR firms have long had a halting, if not embattled relationship. Spend time talking to entrepreneurs and those working at startups, and it won't be long before you encounter the nagging mistrust founders have of PR firms and the PR process. That's why AirPR, the PR marketplace and technology platform, is launching a new analytics platform that aims to restore some of… Read More
Startup-PR Matchmaker AirPR Opens To The Public, As Data Begins To Reveal How To Fix A Broken Model
For pretty much as long as anyone can remember, a relationship triangle, or a "love triangle" if you will, has taken shape between companies and the PR firms that represent them and the press that covers them — existing in some sort of recursive loop. Yet, while that triangle should have come to represent a symbiosis and a valuable communication network, somewhere along the… Read More
AirPR Launches A Marketplace To Match Startups With Top PR Talent
Today, AirPR is officially launching its Match.com for startups and PR, peeling back the curtain on its PR marketplace for the first time. Essentially, AirPR has created a tech platform that aims to increase PR performance and remove the barriers that stand in the way of startups discovering and recruiting top PR talent to help them carry out specific projects. It does this through a… Read More
AirPR Nabs $1M From 500 Startups, Matt Mullenweg To Help Startups Find Better PR
We in the media have a love-hate relationship with public relations firms and their professionals, with that relationship tending to skew heavily to the latter. Companies pour countless hours of blood, sweat and tears into building products and viable businesses, and when they're ready to tell those unique stories, they turn to PR. But as it stands right now, companies struggle to find… Read More


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Health-Related Quality of Life Among Long-Term Survivors of Stroke
Results From the Auckland Stroke Study, 1991–1992
Background and Purpose—The consequences of stroke are a major health concern. This study was conducted to compare the health-related quality of life among long-term survivors of stroke with that of the general population.
Methods—Our data are taken from a population-based case-control study of all 6-year survivors of stroke with an age- and sex-matched control population. SF-36 mean scores for cases were compared with raw and standardized control and New Zealand norm mean scores.
Results—Of the original 1761 registered cases, 639 were still alive at 6-year follow-up, and all of these participated in the study. Case patients were more likely than control subjects to be dependent in all basic activities of daily living. Crude mean scores were lower for women; as age increased; for those living in institutions; when the SF-36 was completed by proxy; and when help was required with the activities of daily living. Cases had statistically lower mean scores than both the control group and New Zealand norms for physical functioning and general health. After standardization for age and sex, no differences were found between cases and controls in mental health and bodily pain.
Conclusions—Health-related quality of life appears to be relatively good for the majority of patients 6 years after stroke. Despite significant ongoing physical disability, survivors of stroke appear to adjust well psychologically to their illness.
Stroke is a major cause of disability in the elderly. When severe, stroke has a substantial impact on the psychological and physical well-being of both patients and their families.1 2 3 4 Given the increases in both relative and absolute numbers of elderly individuals, the long-term consequences of stroke are a major public health concern.5 The rationale, planning, provision, and allocation of health services for patients with stroke require accurate information on outcome and the extent of continuing disability after stroke. There are, however, few population-based studies on the long-term consequences of stroke. Most studies were limited by short-term follow-up,1 2 3 6 7 selection bias due to participants' being referred to hospital and/or rehabilitation settings,1 2 3 6 8 9 small sample sizes,2 3 6 lack of comparison control populations, and lack of standardization of outcome measures.
The second Auckland Stroke Study was a large, population-based study that has provided important information regarding the incidence and outcome of stroke.5 10 11 12 13 This study was designed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL), as determined by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire,14 among long-term survivors of stroke (cases) with age- and sex-matched control subjects (controls) and with national population norms.
Subjects and Methods
Study Population
The methods for identifying cases are reported elsewhere.12 In brief, stroke was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria as rapidly developing signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, leading to death or lasting longer than 24 hours, with no apparent cause other than vascular.15 This definition includes spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage but excludes subdural and extradural hematomas and transient ischemic attacks. Systematic searches were made of hospital admissions, death certificates, and autopsy reports for any mention of stroke occurring between March 1, 1991, and February 29, 1992, in Auckland, New Zealand (total population 952 000 from the 1991 census). A cluster sampling method was used to identify nonfatal cases that were managed entirely outside the hospital system. Nonhospitalized nonfatal cases were included if they were registered with 1 of a randomly preselected group of 684 (25%) of all registered general practitioners in Auckland. Cases ascertained in this way were weighted by a factor of 4 to represent the total nonfatal, out-of-hospital treated population as defined by this sampling frame. A total of 1803 acute stroke events were identified in 1761 people.
All cases were contacted 6 years later and invited to participate in the present study. The principal means of contact was by telephone. No limit was placed on the number of attempts made to contact participants, who had previously provided multiple contact details, including those for family members, friends, and general practitioners. Cases who could not be located with these sources were located by use of hospital medical records, the telephone directory, electoral rolls, and neighbors.
A control group was drawn at random from the General Electoral Roll for Auckland and frequency-matched to cases according to sex and 10-year age strata. The quotas were slightly inflated to allow for potential nonresponders, those who could not be contacted, and the fact that the Electoral Roll contained no sex information. As with cases, initial contact was made by telephone.
The study was approved by the North Health Ethics Committee of the Auckland Regional Health Funding Authority. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
A research nurse undertook a structured interview, using a precoded questionnaire, with each case or control or a close relative or caregiver who was willing to respond on their behalf. In addition to demographics, residence, and some medical history, information was obtained on whether participants required assistance across 10 key items of basic activities of daily living (BADL). Each BADL item was selected on the basis of its importance in recovery from stroke and included eating, drinking, transfers, and walking. The acute version of the SF-36,14 which assesses HRQoL over the last week, was then administered to cases or controls (or proxies), except for 30 participants who were given the shortened SF-12.
The SF-36 is a generic, subjective measure of HRQoL. It allows assessment across 8 health domains: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical problems (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role limitations due to emotional problems (RE), and mental health (MH). Scores of 100 for PF, RP, BP, SF, and RE domains and scores of 50 in the 3 remaining domains, GH, VT, and MH, indicate an absence of problems in those areas. For example, a score of 100 in physical functioning indicates an ability to perform all activities without limitations due to health; a score of 50 in mental health indicates an ability to function without personal or emotional problems. To obtain scores >50 for GH, VT, and MH, health must be evaluated positively. For example, a score of 100 in the mental health domain indicates that the respondent feels peaceful and happy and is calm all the time. The SF-36 has been validated for use among people with stroke6 16 and is considered suitable for administration by face-to-face interview6 17 18 or by telephone.19 20 21 Normal scores are available for the New Zealand population.22
Statistical Analysis
Standard parametric methods were used for analysis of SF-36 data, with missing data and domain scores calculated according to accepted guidelines.14 To avoid dropping more severe cases for whom there were no data for a particular domain, a score of "0" was assigned when the participant was assessed to be totally dependent on others for care. For participants completing the SF-12, scores were calculated only for the RP, SF, and RE domains. Crude mean scores, grouped by demographic and other characteristics, were used to compare cases with controls. Control and New Zealand norm22 mean scores were standardized for age and sex with the frequency distribution of surviving cases used as the standard. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison of mean scores. χ2 tests were used for comparison of proportions.
The comparison of cases and controls across BADL items was presented as crude odds ratios (ORs) calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test. Expected survival for cases over the 6-year follow-up period was calculated by frequency-matching the total 1761 cases from 1991 to 1992 by age and sex by use of data provided by Statistics New Zealand.23 All data were analyzed with SAS version 6.12 for Windows24 and were reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Of the original 1761 stroke cases who were registered in the Auckland Stroke Study, 639 (36%) survived to 6 years; all of these agreed to participate. (By comparison, the expected 6-year survival for a New Zealand population with an age and sex distribution similar to that of the original 1761 cases would be 66%.) In a follow-up review, these included 522 people who had experienced their first-ever stroke and 117 who experienced a recurrent stroke in 1991 to 1992. The subtype of stroke experienced by cases at the time of registration included CT-confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage in 45 (7%), primary intracerebral hemorrhage in 31 (5%), cerebral infarction in 172 (27%), and undefined stroke in 391 (61%). Three cases had experienced 2 recurrent stroke events during the 1991–1992 year of ascertainment, while 45 cases had experienced a recurrent stroke during follow-up. There were 14 controls who had a history of stroke since 1992. The control group comprised 310 participants, matched by age and sex, from 388 people from the electoral roll who were approached to participate (64 refused and 14 had moved residence and could not be contacted, with a resulting participation rate of 80%). This allowed detection of an 8-point difference between cases and controls in the physical functioning domain of the SF-36, with 90% power and a significance level of 5%. Both cases and controls included residents of private households and institutions.
Table 1⇓ shows the characteristics of cases and controls. Interviews, mainly by telephone, were conducted with 73% of cases and 91% of controls. For the remaining participants, information was obtained from proxies. Proxy information was provided for 76% of participants who were resident in an institution but only 9% of those living at home or other private accommodation. HRQoL data were not available for 2 cases: 1 refused to complete the SF-36, and the other did not speak or read English and had no available proxy.
The mean age for cases was 71 years (range, 25 to 96 years) and for controls, 70 years (range, 28 to 98 years). Cases were more likely to be taking medication for hypertension than controls (cases, 54% versus controls, 35%, P<0.001), but there was no difference in the proportion who were current smokers (cases, 12% versus controls, 11%, P=0.52).
Overall, 389 cases (61%) stated that they had not recovered completely from their stroke, and they were significantly more likely to be dependent in all BADL than controls. As shown in Figure 1⇓, compared with controls, cases were more likely to be dependent in functional tasks that require dexterity and mobility, such as dressing (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.9 to 7.4), transfers in the bathroom (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.3 to 7.7), and walking outdoors (OR, 5.8; CI, 3.7 to 9.1), more than for drinking (OR, 2.4; CI, 1 to 5.9), eating (OR, 2.8; CI, 1.4 to 5.7), and washing (OR, 2.8; CI, 1.5 to 5.1).
Table 2⇓ shows that the total crude mean scores for cases were significantly lower than for controls across all 8 domains, with the greatest difference found in PF (difference between means, 21.8; 95% CI, 17.2 to 26.4) and the smallest difference in BP (difference between means, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 9.3). Table 3⇓⇓ summarizes the mean scores for cases and controls according to various characteristics, including sex, age group, place of residence, source of information, and whether the participant was dependent in BADL. Lower scores were observed for women; as age increased; and for those who were most dependent, as documented by residency or BADL status. Across the various SF-36 domains, however, the greatest differences between cases and controls were in PF, RP, GH, VT, and SF.
Figure 2⇓ shows the differences between SF-36 mean scores for cases and controls after standardization for age and sex. Compared with controls, cases had significantly lower SF-36 scores in PF, RP, GH, and RE, but no differences were found in BP, VT, SF, and MH. Figure 3⇓ shows the differences between SF-36 mean scores for cases and New Zealand norms, after standardization for age and sex. In this analysis, cases had lower scores than the general population in PF, GH, VT, and SF, but no differences were found in RP, BP, RE, and MH. That is, the consistencies of the data are the significantly worse physical health (PF and GH) but comparable (satisfactory) mental health for cases. Interestingly, the controls had higher SF-36 scores than New Zealand norms in RP, GH, RE, and MH after standardization (data not shown).
This large, population-based study with complete follow-up has demonstrated that HRQoL was generally good for those who survived to 6 years after stroke. Although the majority of cases were living at home and approximately half had not recovered completely from their stroke, their perceived mental health was as positive as that for the general population.
The strengths of this study include the large and representative study populations and the standardized assessment procedures with the SF-36, a well-validated HRQoL measure. Previous research on quality of life after stroke has often excluded survivors with serious deficits in cognition, speech, and language.25 Members of this "excluded" group are high users of health care resources because of their greater dependency and disability. A complete picture of stroke outcome therefore requires an assessment of these patients' HRQoL, and for this reason, proxy responses were included in our study. Because this study assessed all survivors of stroke in a defined population, including those who were resident in institutions, severely disabled, or had communication problems, the findings should be considered generalizable to other stroke populations.
Given the inclusion of proxy data, it is important to discuss the significance of SF-36 scores. In the physical functioning domain, women, those ≥75 years old, those residing in institutions, those requiring help with daily living, and those responding by proxy all had mean scores <50. This indicates ongoing limitations in the performance of everyday physical activities. For general health, which is both a physical and psychological measure, the majority of cases were rated positively, with mean scores ranging from 55 to 73. However, among the most elderly (those ≥85) and the most disabled, general health was poor, with mean scores of <50.
It is perhaps not too surprising that the greatest difference between cases and controls (and norms) are related to physical functioning, as exemplified by BADL items and SF-36 physical functioning and general health domain scores. There is a considerable body of research on physical disability among survivors of stroke, although the emphasis is on BADL and global measures. The evidence is that more than half of survivors remain dependent on others for self-care tasks of BADL, yet in the long term, most patients report their overall physical function to be at least "good," even up to 20 years after stroke.1 26 27
Of greater significance, though, is the finding of no difference in mental health between cases and controls (and norms). This is surprising, given the high prevalence and adverse effects of emotional disorders among patients with stroke, particularly within the first year after onset.2 4 7 8 26 28 29 The finding does, however, support more recent data showing good psychological well-being among those who survive to several years after stroke.30 One explanation for these data is the greater mortality for patients with stroke (particularly the elderly and most disabled) than for the normal population.27 In the Auckland Stroke Study, 3 quarters of all strokes occurred in people ≥65 years old.12 Survivors were more likely to have been younger, single, and living at home and to have remained conscious during the first 48 hours after onset.11 31 In addition to the complications of severe disability, comorbid vascular disease and depressive illness may have also contributed to premature mortality among those who survive the acute illness. This "natural selection" has resulted in assessments being undertaken in a "survivor cohort."
Another explanation for the comparable mental health scores of cases and controls could be a limitation of the SF-36. Although the SF-36 is a well-validated, generic measure of HRQoL, it may not be sensitive or specific enough to detect the psychological domains of mental health that are relevant to patients with stroke. The social functioning domain of the SF-36, for example, does not appear to measure aspects of social functioning that are meaningful to patients with stroke.6 32 Even so, the high absolute and comparable relative mental health scores indicate that survivors of stroke in our population appear to have successfully adjusted to the illness and adapted their lives to any ongoing physical disability.
There are some limitations to our study. To begin with, a small number of participants were included with the SF-12, whereas the New Zealand norms were calculated from noninstitutionalized residents of private households by the standard SF-36.22 It is likely, however, that these 2 questionnaires have comparable domain scores. In addition, it is widely reported in the literature that proxies tend to rate participants as more impaired than participants rate themselves,9 33 34 35 36 38 39 but the agreement between proxies and participants varies considerably across studies.9 35 36 38 Although proxy and self-report assessments of physical functioning and directly observable behavior are well correlated,35 40 41 proxies are less reliable in their assessments of psychological functioning and symptoms of disease.39 41 These studies used participants who are able to communicate. It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to validate proxy responses among participants who are unable to communicate. On balance, though, the benefits of including proxy responses in epidemiological studies probably outweigh the resulting loss of information that occurs when they are excluded. Our controls are subject to a degree of participation and assessment bias. Because the research nurse was not blinded to participants' health status, there may have been some nondifferential bias in the assessment of cases and controls. We are unable to determine how those people who refused to participate differed from controls. To control for potential selection bias, cases were also compared with SF-36 data for New Zealand norms. For controls, which included institutionalized participants, SF-36 scores were higher than New Zealand norms in 4 SF-36 domains, indicating a "healthy participant" group. It should also be noted that the New Zealand population has higher mean scores across all SF-36 domains than do Australian and American populations,22 emphasizing the importance of using comparison assessments drawn from similar populations when assessing the significance of health outcomes.
In summary, these data indicate that HRQoL 6 years after stroke is acceptable for the majority of survivors, even though many experience ongoing limitations of their physical function. Survivors of stroke do not experience any more pain than the general population, and general health is rated positively by most. Only a minority of long-term survivors of stroke are extremely disabled and require heavy nursing care in institutions. Most people are living at home and coping well psychologically, despite ongoing physical disability after stroke.
This study was supported in part by grants from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand, and the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of New Zealand. We thank Dr Alain C. Vandal and Dr Derrick Bennett for statistical support and Cherie Mulholland and Sue Hawkins, who were involved in data collection.
- Received September 14, 1999.
- Revision received November 22, 1999.
- Accepted November 22, 1999.
- Copyright © 2000 by American Heart Association
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- Health-Related Quality of Life Among Long-Term Survivors of StrokeMaree L. Hackett, John R. Duncan, Craig S. Anderson, Joanna B. Broad and Ruth BonitaStroke. 2000;31:440-447, originally published February 1, 2000https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.2.440
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Dr. Thorius is Associate Professor of Special Education and Urban Educational Studies in Indiana University's School of Education, and Principal Investigator of the Region V Equity Assistance Center which supports education agencies in school desegregation efforts. Dr. Thorius is an internationally recognized expert in culturally responsive and sustaining education, special and inclusive education, working with families, equity considerations in multi-tiered systems of support, and equity-oriented professional development, all toward quality educational experiences for historically underserved students. Published extensively in practitioner and research outlets, including Harvard Educational Review, the International Journal of Inclusive Education, Theory into Practice, and Race, Gender, & Class, Dr. Thorius was a school psychologist before earning her Ph.D. from Arizona State University as an USDOE-funded doctoral fellow in an interdisciplinary program to prepare culturally responsive special education professors. During this time, she was professional learning coordinator for the National Center for Culturally Responsive Education Systems and the National Center for Urban School Improvement—and co-directed the Region IX EAC, the Equity Alliance at ASU. Dr. Thorius presents nationally and internationally on race, language, and dis/ability equity, and multi-tiered systems of support including culturally responsive school-wide discipline approaches. Her expertise undergirds past and current work with myriad US urban, rural, and suburban school districts and state departments of education. Dr. Thorius was recognized as the 2013 IUPUI Chancellor's Diversity Scholar and 2015 Indiana University Trustees' Teaching Awardee.
A few weeks ago, a Black student in one of my graduate seminars came to meet with me for office hours. He had a lot on his mind as a special education teacher in a local urban middle school, not the least of which was something that had happened that day. One of his Latino students with a dis/ability label had said, "I just wish I could blow up this place". As a first year teacher, he wasn't sure what to do. He reached out to the school counselor, and soon found the incident out of his hands. Instead, in accordance with the school's zero tolerance policy related to student threats of violence, a school psychologist began to "evaluate" the student's capacity and likelihood to carry out his statement. In this and other instances of zero-tolerance, educators' discretion in disciplinary responses to particular student actions that violate school codes of conduct is removed, regardless of circumstances (Macey, Thorius, & Skelton, 2013). But what are the circumstances? Who are the students being disregarded? Read more
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Ben Kirshner is Associate Professor of Educational Psychology & Learning Sciences in the School of Education at the University of Colorado Boulder and Faculty Director of CU Engage: Community-Based Learning and Research. He is also the author of Youth Activism in an Era of Education Inequality (NYU Press, 2015). Ricardo Martinez is Co-Executive Director of Padres & Jóvenes Unidos.
We obtained permission to reprint in our blog series the following piece written by Ben Kirshner and Ricardo Martinez. The blog was originally published in the NYU Press blog, From The Square. Kirschner and Martinez address the school-to-jail track, where students are increasingly being pushed out of school and into the criminal justice system.
The Black Lives Matter movement has galvanized people throughout the US to speak up about systemic racism and the devastating impact of mass incarceration on communities of color. Civil disobedience and mass protest since Ferguson have generated needed media attention to the persistence of American racism. What the national media often overlooks, however, has been the last decade of tireless organizing by students, parents, and community organizers to dismantle the school-to-jail track inside K-12 schools.
According to the Advancement Project, the school-to-jail track refers to a system in which "out-of-school suspensions, expulsions, and school-based arrests are increasingly used to deal with student misbehavior, especially for minor incidents, and huge numbers of children and youth are pushed out of school and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems." This system became the new normal in the mid-1990s as zero tolerance school policies spread throughout the United States. The impact landed disproportionately on youth of color, mostly African American and Latino. A report by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, for example, found that African American youth were six times and Latino youth three times more likely than White youth to be incarcerated for the same offenses. Read more
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Kara Finnigan, Ph.D. is associate professor of education policy at the University of Rochester's (UR) Warner School of Education. She has conducted research and evaluations of K-12 educational policies and programs at the local, state, and federal level for more than 20 years through her work at the UR and prominent research organizations, including SRI International and the George Lucas Educational Foundation. She has written extensively on the topics of low-performing schools and high-stakes accountability, district reform, principal leadership, and school choice. Finnigan's research blends perspectives in education, sociology, and political science; employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including social network analysis; and focuses on urban school districts. Her current research, supported by the WT Grant Foundation and Spencer Foundation, focuses on the role of social networks in the acquisition, use, and diffusion of research evidence at the school and district level. Another line of her research funded by the Ford Foundation focuses on school desegregation policies. Finally, her research focuses on linkages between education, housing, health, and other policies to bring about regional equity. Finnigan began her work in education as a substitute teacher in Anchorage, Alaska.
Alan J. Daly, Ph.D. is Chair and Professor of the Department of Education Studies at the University of California, San Diego. He is also the founding Executive Editor of the new Sage Journal, Educational Neuroscience. Alan's research and teaching are influenced by 16 years of public school experience in a variety of instructional and leadership roles. His research focuses on the role of leadership, educational policy, and organization structures and the relationship between those elements on the educational attainment of traditionally marginalized student populations. Alan draws on his theoretical and methodological expertise in social network theory and analysis in his work, and has multiple publications, and a book on the topic entitled, Social Network Theory and Educational Change. He has a second co-authored book entitled, Using Research Evidence in Schools, and another entitled, Thinking and Acting Systemically: Improving School Districts Under Pressure.
It will come as no surprise to most educators that improving underperforming schools is complex work, yet state and federal policymakers are only beginning to recognize this reality. As a result of the limited success under recent accountability policies, some scholars, including the two of us, have shifted our attention to the broader system in which schools reside. Rather than considering what each school is doing wrong or how it might do it better – as many of the prior policies did- we consider ways that central office staff and school site staff could build capacity to engage in a more dynamic and meaningful process of improvement because of the interdependence between these critical groups in educational change. In this blog we demonstrate how putting pressure on the parts of the system without ensuring this greater system alignment is futile.
To make this point stronger imagine you have been given a bicycle to reach a destination. Now picture getting on the bicycle and beginning to pedal but not getting anywhere. You look down and see that the frame looks fine, the tires are in place, so you pedal again but still nothing happens. As you look more closely you realize that there is no chain on the bicycle – without a chain of course the bicycle cannot move. In spite of years of accountability policies that have resulted in a multitude of reforms on the ground, these efforts have resulted in inconsistent performance and have not led to significant improvement. In essence, to leverage authentic and sustainable improvement to address complex challenges in our school systems, all of the parts must be aligned and yet we do little at the policy or practice level to ensure this is happening in a meaningful way. Our state and federal policy systems require a change in underlying assumptions (e.g., around the need for additional pressure to motivate educators) and leverage points (e.g., the school or teacher as the policy target) if they are to shift from maladaptive patterns, such as short term strategies or manipulation of test scores, to productive, sustainable large-scale efforts that reduce the current inequities in educational opportunity and outcomes. Read more
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William F. Tate IV holds the Edward Mallinckrodt Distinguished University Professor in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. His academic appointments are in education, public health, urban studies, African and African American Studies, and American Culture Studies. He serves as Dean of the Graduate School and Vice Provost for Graduate Education. Tate has a particular interest in STEM attainment. Ongoing research projects include understanding the distal and social factors that predict STEM doctoral degree attainment broadly defined to include highly quantitative social sciences disciplines. His co-edited book titled, Beyond Stock Stories and Folktales: African Americans' Paths to STEM Fields captures the direction of this research program. Also, his research has focused on the development of epidemiological and geospatial models to explain the social determinants of education, health, and developmental outcomes. His book project titled, Research on Schools, Neighborhoods, and Communities: Toward Civic Responsibility reflects his interest in the geography of opportunity in metropolitan America. He served as president of the American Educational Research Association and is a fellow of the association. In 2016, he was elected to membership in the National Academy of Education.
Imagine learning to read or doing a science project with otitis media or asthma. Picture taking a major exam while experiencing the symptoms of a crippling anxiety disorder. Many students miss classes, experience increased difficulties with illness, and go untreated because they lack the resources to secure a health care provider. Too many students do not have health care coverage. The 2011 US Census Bureau estimates indicate 9.4% of young persons under 18 (7 million) have no health insurance (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, Smith, 2012). Nearly 14% of children living in poverty are uninsured. The uninsured rates for African American and Hispanic children are 10.2% and 15.1%, respectively.
National health insurance trends for children suggest the need for careful examination of regions where underserved racial groups concentrate. St. Louis City, the only majority African American county outside of the traditional South (e.g., Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), presents an instructive starting point for a discussion of health insurance coverage as St. Louis City and St. Louis County contribute more than 13,000 youth to this national problem (Jones, Harris, and Tate, 2015). This may seem an insignificant number; however, consider it in relation to the famous St. Louis question, "Where did you attend high school?"[2] Some locals use this crudely veiled question as a heuristic to quickly evaluate family social status. In a region severely bound in terms of upward income mobility[3], the question offers a powerful sociological lens since the response provides a gross approximation of family resources and residential status.
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William Perez, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Education at Claremont Graduate University. His research focuses on the social and psychological processes associated with academic success and higher education access among immigrant Latino students. He is recognized as one of the nation's leading academic experts on undocumented students. In 2009, he received the 2009 Mildred Garcia Prize for Excellence in Research from the Association for the Study of Higher Education for his book, We ARE Americans: Undocumented Students Pursuing the American Dream. He has been interviewed or quoted as an academic expert in various media outlets including NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams, Time Magazine, the LA Times, Hispanic Magazine, and NPR's All Things Considered. He has received various awards for his research on immigration and education including the Stanford University Distinguished Scholar Alumni Award, the early career scholar award from the Hispanic Research Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association and the Fulbright Fellowship. His book, Americans by Heart: Undocumented Latino Students and the Promise of Higher Education, was selected for the 2013 Critics Choice Award by the American Educational Studies Association. For the past two years he has been selected for Education Week's annual ranking of the top 200 university-based scholars in the U.S. who are doing the most to influence educational policy and practice.
President Obama's 2012 executive action, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), has provided temporary legal residence and work-permits to about 750,000 young adults that have applied for DACA as of March 2015. That is less than half of the 1.6 million unauthorized immigrants age 15 or older that the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) estimates are potentially eligible to apply1. Among these beneficiaries and potential beneficiaries are high school and college students, college graduates, and graduate students pursuing masters, doctoral, and other professional degrees.
While there is a growing body of research that describes the positive impact of DACA on higher education access and workforce opportunities, these studies often do not consider how unstable immigration status can be and that students can lose DACA at any moment. With the exception of naturalized citizenship, immigrants can lose their legal residence status for a variety of reasons including minor legal infractions and inability to pay for renewal fees. As of June 2015, 75 percent (377,767) of the DACA applicants eligible to renew their status had been approved or were in the process of being approved. However, that means that 95,111 (25 percent) of those that initially had received DACA in 2012-2013 have fallen out of status, including 32,140 that were denied renewal and 74,591 that had missed the window to apply for renewal.
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Dr. Keon M. McGuire is an Assistant Professor of Higher and Postsecondary Education in the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University. Employing Africana frameworks, such as Black Feminist Theory and Queer of Color Critique, his research broadly explores Black undergraduate students' intersecting identities as well as issues of race and racism in higher education. Dr. McGuire holds a joint Ph.D. in Higher Education and Africana Studies from the University of Pennsylvania and was a finalist for the 2014 Melvene D. Hardee Dissertation of the Year Award form NASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education.
Last September, when I was invited to contribute to the Equity Alliance blog by engaging the topic, Transcending College Access: Retention and Promotion of Students of Color, I could not anticipate the brave, thoughtful, and inspiring student led protests that emerged in the last five months and continues to sweep college and university campuses across our nation. Beginning with the courageous actions of a group of Black women who initiated University of Missouri's student-led resistance movements[i] (e.g., MU for Mike Brown, Concerned Student 1950, Jonathan Butler's hunger strike, and members of the football team refusing to play), which led to the resignation of (now former) Missouri University System President Tim Wolfe and (now former) Chancellor R. Bowen, student-led protests across the country are demanding new leadership, removal of racist artifacts, increase in diverse faculty and student populations, and recently the dismantling of a campus police department (UC Irvine). Read more
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Oscar Jimenez-Castellanos is an associate professor in Education Policy and Evaluation in Mary Lou Fulton Teachers and Morrison Institute Faculty Fellow at Arizona State University. His primary area of research is school finance equity and adequacy in particular as it relates to traditionally marginalized communities. He has published in leading academic journals such as Review of Educational Research, Journal of Education Finance, The Urban Review and Journal of Latinos and Education. He is currently working as a school finance expert witness in the Martinez case and organizing an AERA 2016 presidential session entitled, Public Scholarship to Inform Public School Finance In a Culturally Pluralistic Democracy: A Town Hall Meeting.
Did you hear the news? The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is going to be reauthorized! Or is it? In July of 2015, the Senate and House both passed separate bills to reauthorize the du jour version of the original Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. A Senate version, the "Every Child Achieves Act" (ECAA), is believed to be the most plausible to pass into law given President Obama's eagerness to veto the House version coined the "Student Success Act" (SSA). Currently, leaders in the two chambers are conferencing to work through some of these bills' key differences in an attempt to create legislation that will pass Congress. This would be the first ESEA reauthorization since 2002. Read more
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Professor Etta Hollins is well known in the field of teacher education as an innovative scholar, teacher, and consultant. Prior to assuming her present position at the University of Missouri at Kansas City she was professor and academic chair of teacher education at the University of Southern California where she led the development of a doctoral program for the preparation of teacher educators and the development of the award winning synchronous online preservice teacher preparation program. In the present position she designed and coordinates the graduate certificate in Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, which is aimed at improving teaching practices for urban and underserved students in elementary and secondary schools.
Etta Hollins is the author of numerous articles, books, and other publications. Her book Culture in School Learning has won two national awards and has been translated into Greek. The third edition was published in May, 2015. Her book Rethinking Field Experiences in Preservice Teacher Preparation was published in April, 2015.
In 2015, Etta Hollins was a spotlight speaker for the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, research speaker for the Association of Teacher Educators, and keynote speaker for the Maryland Cultural Proficiency Conference. She presently serves as a member of the accreditation council for the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation, the research and policy advisory council for the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering, and the teacher education advisory council for Salish Kootenai College. She has served as senior advisor for the Journal of Teacher Education and on the advisory board for the American Educational Research Journal, Journal of Teacher Education, Review of Educational Research, Reading Research Quarterly, and Teaching Education. She has reviewed book manuscripts for Routledge Publishers and Teachers College Press.
Etta Hollins has received numerous awards and recognition for her work including lifetime achievement awards from the American Educational Research Association and Pittsburg State University, Kansas. In 2015, she received the American Education Research Association Presidential Citation for her work in advancing knowledge of teaching and learning for urban and underserved students.
In the 2010-2011 academic year and for the first time in the nation's history more than 80% of students who entered 9th grade graduated from high school, according to The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, as reported in The Condition of Education, 2015). However, a growing concern for education stakeholders is the underperformance of students in the nation's public schools across all grade levels and populations, and in core subject areas. For example, a 2013 report from the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) indicated that in mathematics, 26% of U.S. 12th graders achieved proficiency. In comparison, 7% of African American students and 12% of Hispanic students achieved proficiency in mathematics. The 2013 NAEP report indicated that in reading, nationally 38% of U.S. 12th graders achieved proficiency. In comparison, 16% of African American students and 23% of Hispanic students achieved proficiency in reading. The NAEP data show the cumulative impact of underperformance across grade levels in P-12 schools among all student populations within the United States, as well as the disproportionate and devastating impact on traditionally underserved ethnic minority students.
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"18 loafers you'll love!"
"8 ways to end a toxic marriage!"
When we see numbers, we tend to have an automatic "buy in" response. Take the two headlines above. Social media enthusiasts encounter virtual lists like this all the time. And, if it catches our eye, we might click on it and take a quick look. What's the harm in getting a peak at those 18 loafers or 8 tips? Our casual encounter with lists such as these hardly has us questioning their veracity–whether 18 or 8 adequately capture the range of loafers or tips available. The number itself tends to frame our thinking in such a way that we unquestioningly accept there are no more (or fewer) than 18 possible lovable loafers in the world! And I am probably out of luck if tips 1-8 don't help me end that marriage.
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Cecilia Rios-Aguilar is Associate Professor of Education and Director of the Higher Education Research Institute in the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Rios-Aguilar's research is multidisciplinary and uses a variety of conceptual frameworks—funds of knowledge and the forms of capital—and of statistical approaches—regression analysis, multilevel models, structural equation modeling, GIS, and social network analysis—to study the educational and occupational trajectories of under-represented minorities, including English learners, immigrant, and low-income students. Dr. Rios-Aguilar has published her work in several journals, including Teachers College Record, Language Policy, Community College Review, and the Journal of Latinos and Education.
Is your daughter going to be multilingual? Are you speaking to her in Spanish only? Is she also learning Hungarian? These are the kinds of questions I get asked after giving birth to a beautiful daughter. The answer I give is the same: I hope my daughter becomes fluent in multiple languages. However, the reality is that my daughter is growing up in a state that has enacted restrictive language policies. This concretely means that she will be taught exclusively in English. English, historically and presently, is the dominant language of the U.S. and the principal language of schooling. Yes, it is hard to believe that in some states through out the U.S. (including California where I currently live), schools and educators impose their language ideologies—a set of beliefs or feelings about how language(s) should be learned and used—on children and youth's educational and occupational trajectories. The most contradicting fact is that very early on, educators restrict students' opportunities to become bilingual (or multilingual), and later on, the job market will end up rewarding individuals who are multilingual (read the new book by my colleagues Callahan and Gándara titled, "The Bilingual Advantage: Language, Literacy, and the U.S. Labor Market," for more info on this topic). So why restrict students' opportunities to learn and speak in multiple languages when they are young? Is there hope for all kids in the U.S. to become multilingual?


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Priyanka Chopra Marie Claire Photoshoot 2017
Priyanka Chopra Marie Claire Magazine cover. Come to india
Hi, There this is Nayan Meckwan. i'm lived in Nadiad city and i'm web designer & web developer, freelancer & graphic designer. I like Singing, playing PC Games and also like drawing.
Very Nice site and it is helpful info. also check out Bollywood News 2017 please visit at http://mtwiki.blogspot.com/ReplyDelete


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CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 2863, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2006 -- (House of Representatives - December 18, 2005)
Mr. SALAZAR. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to express my frustration over the abuse of procedures in the House of Representatives. For the past day we have waited for a chance to debate and vote on the Defense Appropriations Bill. Now, in the early morning, we will do so without any of us having had a chance to thoroughly review the bill. I will vote for the bill--I believe it is right to support our troops as well as Hurricane Katrina and Rita relief efforts. However, I do not support the last minute moves to open up ANWR for drilling by inserting language into an unrelated bill which requires an up or down vote. If ANWR has such widespread support as some argue, then why is it being pushed through on the 11th hour?
Our focus should be on how we can best protect our nation and our troops deployed overseas. I am troubled that the Leadership would use our troops as a weapon to accomplish something which is so unpopular with the American people. I have heard this belief on ANWR drilling expressed over and over again as I travel throughout the district. Yet, somehow, this unpopular provision still found its way into the bill. It is a sad day when our troops are held hostage to a last-minute rider. It is a special interest giveaway that has no place in the defense spending bill.
We have just a few unspoiled lands remaining in our country and we need to protect them. Nobody really knows how much oil ANWR holds, and unfortunately, it will require a significant amount of drilling and testing to find out. Once the exploration starts, we'll have already destroyed part of the environment.
I realize our country has a fundamental imbalance between supply and demand, but drilling in ANWR will provide little relief of that demand. We cannot drill our way out of current energy problems. Likewise, we cannot conserve our way out of our current energy problems. We must diversify our energy portfolio. On my farm, I do not grow just one crop. I must diversify my farming operation to be able handle the ups and downs of the agriculture markets, and that is also what we need to do to with our energy supply. By diversifying our energy portfolio, our country can better handle the volatility of the energy markets.
I know each of us is concerned about how to shape our future energy policy. I can tell you that it should not include ANWR and I will continue on my mission to promote a diverse energy portfolio, one that includes renewable energy sources. It is my hope that we will have a chance to revisit this issue in the near future.
As for the Defense Appropriations Bill, we cannot delay any longer. While I have some serious concerns with the bill, it contains critical funding for our nation's defense and the safety of the brave men and women fighting in our Armed Forces. It would be a disservice to these men and women for Congress to adjourn for the year without passing a funding bill. It would also be a disservice to our fellow Americans in the Gulf Coast Region who have been waiting for months to receive aid. Hurricanes Rita and Katrina may have washed away homes and a lifetime of belongings, but they did not wash away our compassion for others in need. Together we can move forward--together we can do better.


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Muscle wasting
All muscles in body wasting tendons are tightning hard to lift arms over head anybody have any ideas?
Re: Muscle wasting
Do you have what feels like muscle spasms? It's possible that you may be suffering with some kind of dystonia.
Re: Muscle wasting
Yes I do I also have a balance and cordination problem
Re: Muscle wasting
I do as well as it makes my muscles shake like my nerves are tore up. Which in fact I have alot of nerve damage as well as muscle damage.
Re: Muscle wasting
[QUOTE=dedwards;5192031]I do as well as it makes my muscles shake like my nerves are tore up. Which in fact I have alot of nerve damage as well as muscle damage.[/QUOTE]
The whole body, what were you dx with
Re: Muscle wasting
I suffer from Cervical Dystonia which is uncontrollable muscle spasm in the left side of my neck. It came where I experience severe whiplash in my neck from a car wreck. I also suffer from a extensive nerve damage from another car wreck. This condition is called Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy or RSD for short. I received a lot of nerve damage in both of my arms from where the turn signal went thru one hand and my arm was broke into. My arm was broken so bad that it severed the nerves in my arm. I hope this will help answer some questions. You can also look up Dystonia and it will list the different kind of Dystonia that people suffer from.
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Exped Thunder 70 Internal Frame Backpack
The Exped Thunder 70 is a trekking pack with a superb weight to volumefeature ratio. The suspension system is quickly length adjustable and provides excellent fit, torso mobility and weight transfer. Three access options to the main compartment top, front and side loading allow simple packing and unpacking. A large front and two side stretch pockets offer additional storage space. A floating lid with inner and outer pockets and adjustable side compression straps increase carrying capacity for extended trips and expeditions. Body: 210 D Dyneema ripstop nylon, PU coated, 1'500 mm water column Frame: 1 stay, 6061 T6 series aluminum Volume: 70 l Size closed: 33.1 14.2 11.4 in Weight: 56 oz Backlength: adjustable Water Resistance: Water repellent treated Intended use: Expedition, TrekkingBackpacking
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Transnational Environmental Governance
The Emergence and Effects of the Certification of Forests and Fisheries
Lars H. Gulbrandsen
Chapter 2: Non-state Governance: An Analytical Framework
Lars H. Gulbrandsen
The presentation in Chapter 1 demonstrates that forest and fisheries certification programs represent a new form of environmental and social governance. Analyzing the emergence and effectiveness of these programs requires the development of an analytical framework applicable across cases. Such a framework must facilitate a comparison of the conditions that influence the origins and effectiveness of forest and fisheries certification. The analytical framework must also be applicable to other cases of non-state governance in order to allow for broader comparisons and an expansion of the generalizability of the conclusions. This chapter proceeds in three steps. The first section reviews theories that shed light on the causal mechanisms that help to explain institutional formation and effectiveness. The second section develops an analytical framework for examining the conditions under which non-state governance schemes are likely to emerge and influence the behavior of target groups. These conditions are identified in two ways: on the basis of extant work on private authorities and non-state governance institutions and inductively, from preliminary research on the cases. The third section discusses the methodology and material that guided and informed the analysis. TWO THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING INSTITUTIONS Although the focus of this book is on non-state governance schemes, I share a research interest in exploring institutional formation and effectiveness with students of international regimes and organizations established by states. The analytical framework thus draws on two well-established theoretical perspectives in the social sciences: rational institutionalism and sociological institutionalism. Although these perspectives are sometimes said to be incompatible...
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The hotel had many postives, clean, great beds, awesome breakfast. Actually quite quiet given the proximity to the freeway. At $175 plus tax it was little overpriced. I suppose that is because of the location near the Seattle Premium Outlet Stores.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Hotel in Marysville, Washington Offers Comfortable Stay on Puget Sound Just minutes from Puget Sound, the Holiday Inn Express in Marysville, WA is close to many of Snohomish County's largest businesses and attractions, and is just a half-hour north of Seattle. Our hotel in Marysville, WA is just minutes from the Everett Events Center and is close to many corporate locations. Agilent Technologies is just five minutes from our hotel, while Kimberley Clark and New Glasair LLC are just ten miles away. The Port of Everett is also nearby, located just ten minutes from our Marysville hotel. For leisure travelers, Tulalip Casino is just a minute away. With dining and live entertainment, this is a great place to spend an evening. For the best shopping, the Seattle Premium Outlet Mall is also just a minute away. It has 110 name brand outlets to choose from. The Future of Flight Aviation Center and Boeing Tour, located 15 miles from our hotel north of Seattle, features the only public tour of a commercial jet assembly plant in America. Also just ten miles from our Marysville hotel is Everett Marina. With shopping, dining and whale watching tours, this is a great place to see Puget Sound. Our Marysville hotel offers you choice amenities such as an indoor pool and whirlpool spa, Business and Fitness Centers and free high-speed Internet access. Come experience all our new Snohomish County hotel has to offer. ... more less
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Hotels.com, IHG, Travelocity, Priceline, Evoline ltd, Cancelon, HotelQuickly and getaroom.com so you can book your Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Marysville reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
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