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Following the official announcement of the new pair of Pokémon video games saga, let's take stock of the situation to see whether the theories that have blossomed on social platforms around the web have some truth or not.
Pokémon Pokémon Sun & Moon are the next video games dedicated to the world pokémon arriving later this year, and seem to bring with them a new generation of pocket monsters.
Pokémon Pokémon Sun & Moon are just the names of the two new chapters of the Pokémon saga. Will be exclusive to the portable console Nintendo aims, namely the Nintendo 3DS, and seem to hide a large number of surprises.
During the last Nintendo Direct dedicated to Pokémon, Pokémon renamed Direct, a communication of 5 minutes just retraced the 20 years history of the Pokémon video games, ending with the big announcement.
Very few images were shown, and in addition to the names, the release date and the platform on which they will run games, you do not know anything more.
Pokémon Pokémon Sun & Moon almost certainly unveil a new generation of Pokémon, the seventh. After the great success of the sixth, with the introduction of the big novelties (such as MegaEvoluzione and type Sprite), the seventh curious and perhaps it will live up to our expectations.
So far the only information on this game are to be found in the launch trailer, shown during the Nintendo Direct. What we are shown in this ad?
In truth, very little, so fans around the world have enjoyed theorize the possibility of setting rather than another, the very first Pokémon seventh generation and the strange role that would in all this Magearna, the last legendary sixth generation. For more info on Magearna visit the page, where you'll find pictures and information on this Pokémon.
Some argue that the next chapters will pokémon set in a region inspired by China. The Nintendo ad has insisted on opening diplomatic language as a channel for global connection of the players. Pokémon Sun & Moon will in fact be available in 9 different languages, two more than in recent titles (download pokemon sun rom), to offer the opportunity to many new players to enter this world.
Others argue that the hypothesis of China is not defensible, mainly because of some palm trees and other tropical shrubs clearly present in the first artwork; these other fans prefer to support the hypothesis of setting sea or exotic, and the finger was pointed at Hawaii. The few buildings that were shown during the announcement, as well as some vehicles that will be found within the game, seem to resemble the architectural style and popular vehicles in that country.
We advise all readers to always stay connected to our website for more details about Pokémon Pokémon Sun & Moon! Stay tuned for new info and many more updates!
As per tradition, we find two games by specular titles and closely related and perhaps it is just the ad that should be done at the Pokémon Direct tomorrow.
Recall that, Tuesday, February 27, 1996 is a date to remember! To video game fans he was asked to choose between Bulbasaur, Squirtle and Charmander. It was the beginning of a worldwide phenomenon that would continue for 20 years in various countries and on more platforms, marked by many memorable moments.


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Separate names with a comma.
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Discussion in 'Introduce Yourself' started by c_raider, Jan 30, 2007.
Hello all, looking to enjoy some nice Wii chatting.
Welcome aboard mate! Enjoy your stay.
Ello c_raider and welcome to the forums. Hope you enjoy your stay here
Rivets on the right (for steeling my slogan)
Haha sorry Mike, I didn't mean to steal it.
*takes cover under the table*

subset: commoncrawl


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It's natural to love fruit; fruits exploit our sweet tooth to make us accomplices in their reproductive game. We eat the flesh and disperse the seeds; if the plant is lucky those seeds grow. So it's shocking when Milan Rupert, master grafter and head nurseryman at Kauai Nursery & Landscaping, tells me he used to hate fruit. "When I was growing up in Whittier, California, I hated fruit because we had a lemon orchard, and my job was to maintain it. It was the albatross around my neck!" he recalls. "But I was able to harvest and sell them, and that was my spending money."
Sour as it was, his formative experience with citrus came to fruition years later. When he turned 18 he moved to Morocco with his father and traveled throughout Europe, picking up horticultural skills in Switzerland. Eventually he was hired to teach forestry in Senegal, but when it became apparent that Senegalese farmers were more interested in fruit than forests, Milan sharpened his grafting knife. "I learned as I taught. I had a sixteen-acre farm in the bush, got some improved citrus and mango and started my own nursery," says Milan. When the economy collapsed following a separatist rebellion, Milan relocated to neighboring Gambia. After twenty-five years in Africa, he moved to Kaua'i at the invitation of Lelan Nishek, owner of Kauai Nursery & Landscaping.
Strong and wiry, Milan often spends eight hours a day grafting in the blazing sun. He specializes in true dwarf varieties of citrus that are grafted onto 'Flying Dragon,' otherwise known as Chinese bitter orange. The payoff is small trees—ten to twelve feet tall—excellent for homeowners. Avocado, dwarf star fruit, sweetsop and breadfruit are part of Milan's repertoire, as are grafted mangoes. "All mangoes flower at the same time, but they ripen at different times," says Milan. For the mango fanatic who has limited planting space, Milan offers a "cocktail tree": Hawai'i-adapted wild rootstock grafted with three mango varieties on each tree. Each variety has a different ripening season, so from a single tree you get mangoes from early June until late September or even Christmas. "About seven years ago we brought in an incredible mango, 'Maha Janok,' from the orchards of the king of Thailand. It grows in clusters, beautifully colored, one of richest-tasting mangoes I've ever had," says Milan. He isn't limiting himself, though, to improving on the familiar. "We also brought in sweet tamarind and Malay apples, which are like mountain apples."
Milan and the cadre of master grafters like him are working to increase the diversity of the fruits we encounter daily, to make sapodilla and loquats as common as avocadoes and guava. He does this through free monthly gardening workshops at the nursery ("I have groupies who come to every one," he jokes) and with the new varieties he gets from Ken Love, president of Hawaii Tropical Fruit Growers and an evangelist of Island fruit diversity.
"We can grow better loquat, and we could be growing the best figs in the world because of our microclimates and elevations," says Ken. "It's really no different from what the ancient Hawaiians were doing with agriculture. If we apply it to tropical fruit, we could have fruit yearround, utilizing the different varieties and elevations." At the top of Ken's list for making Hawai'i a fruitopia are grapes. Hawai'i imports over nine million pounds of grapes each year, and Ken is researching seventy low-elevation varieties to meet that demand locally. "If Don Marín could grow grapes on Vineyard Avenue in the 1800s, we should be able to come up with some!" Ken says.
The state Department of Agriculture is also promoting exotic tropical fruits, such as jackfruit, calamonsie, bilimbi, jaboticaba, soursop, white sapote and many others. For the time being those strange fruits are a niche market. "They're being used by chefs and are often sold at farmers markets," says Ken, but that, he hopes, will change. "The more the consumer accepts them, the more the grocery stores will want them, the more trees get planted and the more sustainable small family farms become. We must make agriculture desirable and profitable for future generations. Fruit is, I feel, the best way to do that."


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Marietta, GA Art & Design Showhouse 2011
Marietta, GA Art & Design Showhouse 2011
Atlanta Real Estate Photography by Iran Watson
As an Atlanta Real Estate photographer and real estate agent in Marietta I often get opportunities to photograph some of Metro Atlanta and Cobb County's most interesting and beautiful properties. Recently I was asked to photograph a few rooms of the 2011 Art & Design Showhouse in Marietta, GA for one of my favorite local city sites Marietta.com. For those not familiar with the Marietta Art & Design Showhouse, it is essentially a showcase of 21 of Atlanta's most accomplished interior designers designing a space around popular southern artists' work. The event was held from May 7-22, 2011 and proceeds went to benefit the Marietta / Cobb Museum of Art.
Having only about an hour to get a handful of good shots I was limited to what I was able to really capture of this amazing collection of art and interior design. Since a lot of detail shots had already been taken, I focused on what I do best, photography for real estate. I could have easily spent the entire day there. Here are a few of my favorite images from the shoot.
This home has such a classic, Craftsman style exterior. It fits right in with the style of architecture that is prevalent around Historic Marietta. This is one of the kind of images that comes to mind when I think "Southern Living".
In addition to the great work done by the interior designers and artists, the home itself was full of character.
The kitchen was certainly the heart of this home. The open floor plan allowed the Kitchen, dining and living areas to all flow together seamlessly.
One of three bedrooms on the upper level, each with its own theme inspired by a different piece of art.
I saved the best for last! This master bedroom was my favorite but it wasn't an easy decision. Every designer and artist that contributed to the 2011 Marietta Art & Design Showhouse did a remarkable job!
I hope you get as much enjoyment from these images as I did creating them! ILW
Learn more about Atlanta Real Estate Photography services here.
Marietta, GA Real Estate Listing Agent
and Professional Photographer
Georgia Elite Realty
Direct 770-363-3350
email firstname.lastname@example.com
Real Estate website: Iranwatson.listingware.com
Atlanta Real Estate Photographer website: IranWatsonPhoto.com


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In 2003, a debate team from Central High School finished tenth in the nation – an unlikely accomplishment, considering the school had been declared "academically deficient" by the state of Missouri a year earlier.
Five years later, debaters from Central won the National Association of Urban Debate Leagues' national championship.
Central has won the city championship more times than any other school, even Lincoln College Prep, a school students have to score high on tests to get into.
And dozens and dozens of Central debaters have gone on to college, many of them with full-ride scholarships, while more than half of their classmates have wound up being drop outs.
Now the Central High debate program is a thing of the past.
In fact, debate is dead all but one of the Kansas City School District's high schools.
Who's to blame?
Kansas City's business leadership and the Kansas City Star.
During the most recent school board elections, the city's civic heavy hitters and the daily paper, who I'll refer to hence forward as the White Power Structure, came out strong for a slate of candidates who ran on a platform of unwavering support for the newly appointed superintendent, John Covington.
These candidates vilified several of the board's black members, accused them of micromanaging and patronage, and hailed Covington as some sort of educational knight on a white horse.
It's turned out, however, that Covington isn't much different from the parade of superintendents who've preceded him: power hungry, arrogant, inflexible.
Covington unilaterally killed debate in Kansas City when he canceled all district contracts and then refused to renew the district's agreement with DEBATE Kansas City, a two-man operation that offices out of UMKC.
The contract in question was a pittance, a mere $70,000 a year. Yet it was enough to ensure a program that included training and support for coaches at the school, supplies for students, a yearlong series of tournaments (including the city championships), trips to out of town tournaments and scholarships for debate camps.
DEBATE Kansas City offered its services for free for the better part of a year after the contract was canceled. And its board members and supporters tried to impress upon district officials that without DEBATE Kansas City's program, debate would disappear from the schools.
And that's exactly what has happened.
So why is this the White Power Structure's fault, and not simply Covington's?
Because the White Power Structure's approach to reform in the district will always result in leaders like Covington.
Kansas City's White Power Structure employs a classic white-liberal strategy when it comes to the district, which is an arms-length tack, an "I gave at the office" policy.
In other words, the method is to declare a nebulous ideal and then to push for the hiring of someone who can come in and take care of the problem so that the White Power Structure's movers and shakers can wash their hands of it.
For decades upon decades, the Star and the civic community have pushed for a super superintendent who can come in and save the district. And it's failed every time because the district can't be saved by one person, no matter how much success they might've had somewhere else.
That's because the district will always be a reflection of our community, a casualty of our dividedness and inequality, always languishing from a lack of community vision and investment.
The arms-length approach only serves to worsen the problem. It puts too much of the responsibility on one person, usually a person who's brought in from somewhere else, and that person doesn't know what the city wants and needs because the White Power Structure has taken an arms-length approach.
It's like they've said, "Here's our fucked-up district. Fix it."
That does two things.
One, it attracts a certain kind of applicant to the job, and it's the kind who's likely to kill a really good program and then stand behind his choice out of stubbornness, even if it's a bad idea.
Two, it doesn't establish a vision for the district, one that has specifics, such as "We want debate," and is also something a broad cross-section of the city can get behind and support until the vision becomes reality.
And it's sad, because the death of debate is just one less opportunity for the kids in this city, and it was really good one, a program that gave students many of the skills they'll need to thrive in society.


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Institution: Penn State Erie, The Behrend College
Reporting Year: 2013-2014
Advisor: Peter Olszewski
Advisor's Email Address: email@example.com
Has There Been a Change in Chapter Advisor During the Past Year?: No
Permanent Faculty Correspondent: Daniel Galiffa
Permanent Faculty Correspondent's Email Address: email@example.com
Officers: Matt Lachesky - Chapter President Jeremiah Allshouse - Chapter Vice President Benjamin Frances - Chapter Secretary Cody Colpo - Chapter Treasurer
Chapter Website: http://www.personal.psu.edu/pto2/PME.html
Number of New Members: 28
Number of Continuing Members: 37
Do any of your chapter members plan to attend or present at the PME National Meeting this year?
Do you have any news about current students or recent graduations? For example, scholarships or other awards, acceptances to graduate school, paper presentations at conferences, etc.
Samantha S. Key: Penn State Erie Mathematics Major/Statistics Minor Poster presentation: "Another Way to Look At Sunflower Seeds - Mathematically!," at the Penn State Erie Twenty-Third Sigma Xi Annual Undergraduate Research and Creative Accomplishment Conference, 2014 Matthew P. Lachesky: Penn State Erie Electrical Engineering Major/Mathematics Minor Presented "An Invitation to the Jacobi Polynomials" at the 2014 URCAC Co-presenter of the talk "An Invitation to the Jacobi Polynomials," School of Science Seminar Awarded the 2013 Penn State Erie USRG for the research projects "The Jacobi Polynomials" and "Further Analyzing Higher-Order Sheffer Sequences" Thomas Tuberson, received the Math Scholarship last spring and took 2nd place in the Sigma Xi undergrad research conference for his work "Do Vertex Replacement Rules Generate PCF Self-Similar Sets?"
If you were awarded a PME Lectureship, Conference, or Prize Grant within the past year, please briefly describe the results.


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Tour Description
Iguazu Falls and Buenos Aires
We conduct private sightseeing tours in Foz de Iguazu (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina) guided in Russian, English, Spanish, Armenian and Portuguese. The Iguaçu Falls are an awesome sight as tonnes of water throw themselves over cliffs and the mist rises amongst the jungle. They are taller than Niagara Falls, and twice as wide, for which Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have exclaimed on her first sight of the Falls: "Poor Niagara!"
It is well worth spending a day on each side of the falls, especially if you plan to do any of the boat rides or other activities offered.We'll get a good perspective on the park overall to appreciate this awesome sight.
Whilst the majority of the falls are in Argentina, a better overview is had from the Brazilian side.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All tours start at the hotel and end up as our guides will take them back.
Access to the Falls is usually done through one of the three cities in the so-called tri-border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. The city on the Brazilian side is Foz do Iguaçu – big and reasonably safe by Brazilian standards. The town on the Argentine side is called Puerto Iguazu and is small and pretty. Although the falls are between Brazil and Argentina only, Ciudad del Este, the city on the Paraguayan side, is just across the bridge from Brazil. It's a hectic (but exciting) centre for contraband and cheap electronic goods, and some say it's not safe there.
-Iguazu Falls and Buenos Aires-
Border crossing between these countries is fairly relaxed – authorities assume most people are on a day trip across the border. US passport holders require a visa (US$160) to visit the Brazilian side of the falls which is NOT issued at the border. European Union passport holders do not normally need a visa to enter Brazil for tourism. Better check before setting off as the Brazilian side of the falls is "a must". Beware that there may be lines on either side of the border, depending on the time of the day and holidays. Also check regarding immunization requirements. Australian residents, for example, require yellow fever shots if returning to Australia within 6 days following a visit to Brazil.
ENTRY / EXIT REQUIREMENTS FOR U.S. CITIZENS TO ARGENTINA: A valid passport is required for U.S. citizens to enter Argentina. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for visits of up to 90 days for tourism or business. As a result of a recent change in Argentine law, prior to arrival in Argentina at any entry point, U.S. citizen tourist and business travelers must pay a $160 reciprocity fee by credit card online at the Provincia Pagos website . Once paid, you must print out the receipt and present it to the Argentine immigration officer at the time of entry. The fee is valid for ten years from the date of payment and multiple entries. Until June 30, 2013, passengers on cruise lines entering the country are exempt from paying the fee. The fee applies only to bearers of tourist passports.
-Iguazu Falls and Buenos Aires-


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Headline: Bitcoin & Blockchain Searches Exceed Trump! Blockchain Stocks Are Next!
In June 2016, the Earth passed a "grim milestone" with respect to the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere.
The atmosphere has hit a grim milestone — and scientists say we'll never go back 'within our lifetimes'
Scientists who measure and forecast the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere said Monday that we may have passed a key turning point. Humans walking the Earth today will probably never live to see carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere once again fall below a level of 400 parts per million (ppm), at least when measured at the iconic Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, where the longest global record of CO2 has been compiled.
"Our forecast supports the suggestion that the Mauna Loa record will never again show CO2 concentrations below the symbolic 400 ppm within our lifetimes," write the researchers, led by Richard Betts of the U.K. Met Office's Hadley Center, in Nature Climate Change. The study was conducted with colleagues from the Hadley Centre and Ralph Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif.
Concentrations have crossed 400 parts per million on a temporary basis. It began as brief excursions, and last year the annual average concentration at Mauna Loa was more than 400 parts per million for the first time (it was 400.9). Nonetheless, during the course of the yearly cycle in carbon dioxide concentrations, there were still some parts of the year last year when they remained below that level.
What the new study suggests is that those days are over — carbon dioxide will never fall below 400 ppm this year, nor the next, nor the next. The reason is that the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event has pushed concentrations upward more than usual for a given year — El Niños tend to do that, because they dry out tropical regions, lessening tree growth and sparking vast wildfires. That means that even in September of this year, when annual concentrations are typically at their lowest (as northern hemisphere trees lose their leaves and vegetation growth declines heading into winter), they'll likely still be slightly over 400 parts per million, scientists forecast.
The chart below shows the trend through September 2016, for which the first estimate was reported last week, where it looks like the scientists' projections were slightly conservative.
For what it's worth, the identification of 400 parts per million as a "grim milestone" seems to be more of a psychological event than a meaningful environmental one. Kind of like how the Dow Jones Industrial average has periodically stalled at certain levels from time to time, where ultimately its value continued to grow to exceed them. For instance, that seemed to be the case when the Dow neared 10,000 back in 2009. A year later, the DJI was stuck below 11,000. Today the DJI's value exceeds 18,000.
As it happens, we're very familiar with the Mauna Loa Observatory's atmospheric carbon dioxide data, which we have been experimenting with for some time to develop its potential as an indicator of the relative health of the global economy. Or at least we were until large scale wildfires in Indonesia in late 2015 cranked the knob for putting new CO2 into the Earth's atmosphere up to eleven. Or as the chart below illustrates, where it has recently been increasing by more than 4.00 parts per million per year.
Since Indonesia's wildfires have ended, we've been watching the rate at which CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere is being added begin to fall back to more normal levels. We thought it might be interesting to project how much longer that the direct impact of those wildfires would continue showing up in the Mauna Loa Observatory's data, where its presence obscures the contribution of economic activities to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
The only problem is that other than 2015′s Indonesia wildfires, we only have sufficient data for just one other wildfire event of similar scale to which we can compare it: 1997′s Indonesia wildfires, which itself was a much larger event.
We took the year over year change in CO2 levels for those two events and identified the peak point of time at which the Mauna Loa Observatory recorded the maximum rate of addition of carbon dioxide to the Earth's atmosphere that might be attributed to each wildfire. We then defined those respective levels as 100% of the peak wildfire CO2 contribution at that point of time and then calculated the percentage of each wildfire's peak level for the months preceding and following the peak value. The following chart shows those results, where it would appear the pace at which 2015′s Indonesia wildfires event is tracking along with what was recorded by its much larger 1997 predecessor.
Based on what we observe in this chart, if the dissipation of CO2 provided by 2015′s Indonesia wildfires continues to follow a similar trajectory to 1997′s Indonesian wildfires, we should expect the Mauna Loa Observatory's atmospheric carbon dioxide data will be clear of that recent contribution sometime in the next 5 to 7 months.
And that would be the point of time at which we should be able to resume using the MLO's atmospheric carbon dioxide data as an economic indicator!
Betts, Richard A., Jones, Chris D., Knight, Jeff R., Keeling, Ralph F. and Kennedy, John J. El Niño and a record CO2 rise. Nature Climate Change 6, 806–810 (2016) doi:10.1038/nclimate3063 Published online 13 June 2016.
Inflation Tsunami Ahead
Life-Saving Info-How to Survive a Nuclear Attack-CSS HR 3 1/20/18
It's Over: FBI Chief of Staff Resigns
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Shocking Q Drop! FBI Wanted To Murder Trump! FISA Memo! Missing Texts!
Bombshell FISA Memo Release the Memo: Congressional Leaks Set to Reveal Contents - Exclusive - Video
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"Stupidest Damn Thing I've Ever Seen": 'Sellout Schumer' Under Fire For Shutdown Deal
Trey Gowdy Has a Lot of Questions About the "Secret Society" in the FBI
'Trump Storm' Swirling Faster Than Expected, Arrests Are Imminent +Video
Whoa! Tillerson Indirectly Promises Russia a Day of Reckoning. Here's What That is All About (Video)
China and India on Brink of WW3 With Armies Just 10 Metres Apart After ICBM Launch
Jesus In John 3 Commands Us To Become Born Again Because Our First Birth In Adam Is No Good
Turkey Invades Syria – Tanks and Soldiers Cross the Border
EXCLUSIVE - North Korea: Kim Jong-un is SCARED of 'ending up like Saddam Hussein or Muammar Gaddafi'
1 dead, dozen injured as volcano erupts near Kusatsu ski resort in Japan
Interstate 70 Closed, Dozens of Flights Canceled as Winter Storm Jaxon Dumps Snow on Rockies
Ancient Royalty Claims the World Throne
Leaked Pentagon Doc Says Russia Has Massive Nuke 'Kanyon' Capable Of Rendering A Country's Coast Uninhabitable
I would live in it, except…
Urgent Warning: The Earth Is About To Shake, Rattle, And Roll! Heavenly Cosmic DNA Energy Is Increasing Its Flow Through The Sun, Moon, Stars, And Heavenly Bodies Which Will Greatly Affect All Things On Earth, As Above So Below. Once Again HE Will Shake/Move The Heavens And The Earth! Earth Knows What To Do When It Receives The Cosmic Energy DNA Signal From Heaven Which Is Already Trickling In But Will Soon Become A Flood Via The DAY STAR/The Sun/SON! Everything Is Waking Up At The DNA Level.
Black Angel Statue Holds Mysterious Powers in Iowa
Hillary Losing Her Mind After Hackers Discover Millions in Fraud & Bribes!
Rand Paul's Unneighborly Attacker May Be Spending a Couple Years Being Neighbors With Inmates
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Whoa! Tillerson Indirectly Promises Russia a Day of Reckoning. Here's What That is All About (Video)
Krav Maga: Israeli Police, Security Forces Practice Deadly Combat System +Videos
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After Caving On DACA, 'Shutdown Schumer' Finds Big 'Surprise' Hidden In Bill Senate Passed
"Jaw-dropping" Text Message By FBI Agent Suggests No Trump Collusion With Russia


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|Subject: Southern Vietnam
We left Halong Bay before sunrise for the long drive to Hanoi for what was
supposed to be a 10:00 a.m. flight from Hanoi to Saigon. The trip was not as
long as our guide anticipated so we arrived at the airport too early to even
check in! We think our guide must have had a date, because she seemed quite
anxious to get us into the airport and say goodbye! (Either that, or she had
had quite enough of the four crazy American ladies.) When we were finally
able to check in, we learned that the flight was going to be delayed for
about two hours because of some rain in Ho Chi Minh City. They did let us
pay our departure tax, and allow us through security to the cavernous waiting
area. Finally, our guide was free. (We had to pay cash departure taxes in
each airport. The guide books were not up to date on the amounts. It is a
good idea to check when you arrive so you have the correct money when you
The two hour delay turned into about four hours of sitting in a very crowded waiting area. We had to wait so long that they brought the food that was supposed to be served on the plane into the terminal and fed us airline food while we waited. We used the time to exchange the articles about Vietnam and Cambodia that we had all brought, and to read each others' guide books. Somehow we all managed to have different guide books for our trip, and each one had a slightly different slant. I still think the one I had, Moon Travel Handbook to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos had the most information about history and culture. It also did a pretty good job of suggesting restaurants and hotels across the price spectrum.
We arrived in Ho Chi Minh City quite late. Domestic arrival was not quite so bureaucratic as international, so we were able to gather our luggage quickly and find our guide and driver. Once again it was only the four of us to a good sized van. Our guide was another young lady, much more hip than the first, and her English was more fluent. She promptly informed us it was too late for a city tour, and she would take us to the hotel. On the ten minute ride to the Omni Saigon, she told us that no one in the south calls Ho Chi Minh City by that name, and everyone calls it Saigon. We did not have a problem with that since we were having trouble with Ho Chi Minh City.
The Omni is a beautiful hotel, and the staff there were among the most accomodating of any place we stayed. Unfortunately, it is far from downtown Saigon, and one certainly cannot walk from it to the center. If you want a large, modern hotel, the Delta Caravelle has recently been renovated and expanded. We ran into a man who was staying there who said the rooms were quite nice. It is in the heart of Saigon. According to the man we met, an executive producer of some PBS programs who was doing research, the press corps headquarters during the war was the bar at the top of the Caravelle. The Rex Hotel, nearby, was the officers' mess for the American army. It was a very strange feeling sitting in both bars and looking over the city. It was also a beautiful view and I recommend it, especially at sunset.
Saigon is much more cosmopolitan than Hanoi. There are more cars and less horn honking. The motor bikes and bicycles still outnumber the cars, however. We only saw cyclos in the areas where tourists visit, while in Hanoi it seemed to be a mode of transportation used by locals as well as tourists. Of course, Saigon suffered a lot of bombing during the American War so there has been a lot of newer building. Western influence is apparent in the architecture and in the attitude of the people. Saigon is also more expensive than Hanoi.
Our first dinner there was at the always recommended Lemongrass restaurant in downtown Saigon. The food was good, but it was expensive by Vietnamese standards and the patrons were all western tourists. The next day we found a restaurant where the food was equally as good, but less expensive and where Vietnamese ate. I cannot find the name of it, but it was on Dong Du street which is also right downtown. It was almost next door to an antique shop owned by Huang Van Cuong who was a UPI photographer at the end of the war when he was not yet twenty years old. He is mentioned in the Moon Travel guide book which told us he had been detained in a reeducation camp for many years after the war but had managed to hide some of his award winning photographs. He now sells those photographs along with the antiques. I had to stop to meet him. He is a very soft-spoken man and his photographs are powerful.
Early in the morning of our second day we drove to the Mekong Delta. I had the feeling that it was really a rush job. We arrived to the tourist boats early, so it was not crowded, and we did not encounter crowds any place we went, but we were back in Saigon by noon!
If you visit Saigon, skip the tour route and arrange your own trip. The Mekong Delta is vast, and we should have at least spent the entire day there, if not more. The city is easy to get around. If you stay downtown, you can walk to many of the places to see. You really need a few days, if you include the Mekong Delta in this visit.
We left Saigon for the capital of Cambodia, Phnom Penh--about an hour flight. Cambodia will be the next installment.
Lisa in Chicago


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Slightly Stoopid is pleased to announce their live debut at Grateful Dead/Furthur founding member Bob Weir's TRI Studios on Tuesday,September 13, 2011. The band will perform two sets (acoustic & electric) and the performance will feature guests Karl Denson (Greyboy Allstars, Tiny Universe), Ian Neville (Dumpstaphunk, Funky Meters), and Don Carlos (Black Uhuru), with plenty of surprises in store.
In between sets, fans can partake in the first-ever live Stoopid Q&A from TRI Studios, communicating with the band via onscreen Facebook and Twitter feeds.
TRI Studios is a state-of-the-art performance studio, broadcasting live HD video and audio streams via the Internet. The show will air live at www.tristudios.com at 6 pm PDT, and will also be offered on re-played at 9 pm PDT. Each Streaming costs $10.00 for access. Tickets are on sale now for both showings and can be purchased by visitingwww.tristudios.com or clicking the banner at www.SlightlyStoopid.com.
Band members will also be featured speakers at the SFMusicTech Summit on Monday, September 12, 2011, in support of this high profile, groundbreaking broadcast.


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This area is dedicated to our alumni that have served or are serving in our armed forces!
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Have you lost your East Henderson High School class ring? Have you found someone's class ring? Visit our Eagles lost class ring page to search for your class ring or post information about a found ring.
Honored Military Alumni
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افضل شركة مكافحة حشرات ورش مبيدات بالدمام والخبر
By azez, at 12/10/17, 6:48 AM
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افضل شركة نظافة بالخبر والجبيل والاحساء والقطيف
افضل شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
افضل شركة رش حشرات بالدمام
شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
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شركة رش مبيدات بالدمام
By azez, at 12/10/17, 6:49 AM
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By ประภัสสร รัตนน์, at 1/6/18, 12:41 AM


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Coming Soon!
The Town of Wallkill is pleased to announce that construction will begin this spring on our first roundabout! The roundabout will replace the 4-way stop at the intersection of Schutt Road, Genung Street, Airport Road and Dolsontown Road. Roundabouts are great for calming traffic and making busy intersections safer.
The roundabout is being built as part of the Maples Fields Development at no cost to the taxpayers. Please Click Here to see a preliminary plan for the roundabout.
if you are a new driver or have never navigated a roundabout, please Click Here for a Citizens Guide to Roundabouts.
Construction will begin in late March or as soon as weather allows. The roads will remain open during construction but delays should be expected. Please consider alternative routes to avoid delays.


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Our first report from sea has just come through from crew member Karen:
We left Thursday July 7 at high noon from Honolulu – bright sunny skies and a gentle sea at Lat.23/Long.68N. Skipper Clive knew the seas were up north of the island, so we went the long southern route around, getting used to the boat tasks and each other. There are 13 on board: Skipper Clive, first mate Dale, and science leader Marcus. Crew mates beside me are Kim, Judy, Carolyn, Ming, Jin, Brandon, Ron, Hank, and Tim. A diverse group indeed, from US, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, and South Korea. We are in watch groups, on duty in 4 or 6-hour shifts noon-6 pm, 6-10 pm, 10pm-2am, 2am-6am, and 6am to noon. We have two shifts off between watches.
This is my first blog, as writing has been impossible for the past 3 days. 8-10 foot swells and chop, and winds 25-35k have kept the Sea Dragon rolling such thateverything is an enormous chore. It was basic sustenance living for 3 days. No one ate much, almost everyone was seasick, yet we managed to laugh about it, learn our basic crew duties, and watch out for each other. We all now drive the boat from its stern wheel, on a heading of roughly 0 degrees, straight north. We've sailed over 500 miles since leaving the dock.
Outfitted in foul weather gear and state of the art life jackets, and having total confidence in the core crew, we feel safe on board despite rough conditions. Today the seas and wind finally started to diminish, so communications will be better.
What an amazing place to be for these 3 weeks: already we have had great discussions about the science, policies, and public health consequences of marine debris. We are all doing what we set out to do: to learn as much as possible from each other, and to work directly towards a better understanding of this global problem. We will be collecting debris and water samples once we reach the accumulation zone in the next several days.
Today, Marcus launched the high speed trawl, which will collect surface plastic and whatever else for several hours at a time, between deployments of the larger manta trawl. We are collecting samples and data for several marine scientists studying a range of issues from POPs adsorption to how plastics attract and carry marine life.
Excitement this afternoon as the high speed trawl picked up a large net ball (it broke away as we pulled in the trawl), and at the same time Dale and our fishing line caught a 3' mahimahi which we will have for dinner. We think the fish might have been following the net ball, which probably had quite a lot of smaller fish in and around it. Marine scientist and crewmate Hank Carson inspected the stomach and found what might be clear plastic bits – they will be analyzed later.
So far, then, quite an adventure in difficult living conditions, but amazing stars and galaxies in the night sky, dolphins and flying fish and what a thrill driving this 72' steel stallion across the Pacific waters. We're now at lat29N/long157W, holding a straight northern course.


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File:Mandelbrot3 4.jpg
- File
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- The best way to learn
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The best way to learn
Wikipedia for Schools was collected by SOS Children's Villages. SOS Children believes education is an important part of a child's life. That's why we ensure they receive nursery care as well as high-quality primary and secondary education. When they leave school, we support the children in our care as they progress to vocational training or higher education. Will you help another child today?


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As we discussed in the previous sections, if your code can throw exceptions other than those of type Error or type RuntimeException, (you can take it that we generally include the subclasses when we talk about Error and RuntimeException exceptions) you must do something about it. Whenever you write code that can throw an exception, you have a choice. You can supply code within the method to deal with any exception that is thrown, or you can essentially ignore it by enabling the method containing the exception throwing code to pass it on to the code that called the method.
Let's first see how you can pass an exception on.
Suppose you have a method which can throw an exception that is neither a subclass of RuntimeException nor of Error. This could be an IOException for example, which can be thrown if your method involves some file input or output operations. If the exception isn't caught and disposed of in the method, you must at least declare that the exception can be thrown. But how do you do that?
You do it simply by adding a throws clause in the definition of the method. Suppose we write a method that uses the methods from classes that support input/output that are defined in the package java.io. You'll see in the chapters devoted to I/O operations that some of these can throw exceptions represented by objects of classes IOException and FileNotFoundException. Neither of these are subclasses of RuntimeException or Error, and so the possibility of an exception being thrown needs to be declared. Since the method can't handle any exceptions it might throw, for the simple reason that we don't know how to do it yet, it must be defined as:
double myMethod() throws IOException, FileNotFoundException { // Detail of the method code... }
As the fragment above illustrates, to declare that your method can throw exceptions you just put the throws keyword after the parameter list for the method. Then add the list of classes for the exceptions that might be thrown, separated by commas. This has a knock-on effect - if another method calls this method, it too must take account of the exceptions this method can throw. After all, calling a method that can throw an exception is clearly code where an exception may be thrown. The calling method definition must either deal with the exceptions, or declare that it can throw these exceptions as well. It's a simple choice. You either pass the buck, or decide that the buck stops here. The compiler checks for this and your code will not compile if you don't do one or the other. The reasons for this will become obvious when we look at the way a Java program behaves when it encounters an exception.
If you want to deal with the exceptions where they occur, there are three kinds of code block that you can include in a method to handle them - try, catch, and finally:
A try block encloses code that may give rise to one or more exceptions. Code that can throw an exception that you want to catch must be in a try block.
A catch block encloses code that is intended to handle exceptions of a particular type that may be thrown in a try block.
The code in a finally block is always executed before the method ends, regardless of whether any exceptions are thrown in the try block.
Let's dig into the detail of try and catch blocks first, then come back to the application of a finally block a little later.
When you want to catch an exception, the code in the method that might cause the exception to be thrown must be enclosed in a try block. Code that can cause exceptions need not be in a try block but, in this case, the method containing the code won't be able to catch any exceptions that are thrown and it must declare that it can throw the types of exceptions that are not caught.
A try block is simply the keyword try, followed by braces enclosing the code that can throw the exception:
try { // Code that can throw one or more exceptions }
Although we are discussing primarily exceptions that you must deal with here, a try block is also necessary if you want to catch exceptions of type Error or RuntimeException. When we come to a working example in a moment, we will use an exception type that you don't have to catch, simply because exceptions of this type are easy to generate.
You enclose the code to handle an exception of a given type in a catch block. The catch block must immediately follow the try block that contains the code that may throw that particular exception. A catch block consists of the keyword catch followed by a parameter between parentheses that identifies the type of exception that the block is to deal with. This is followed by the code to handle the exception enclosed between braces:
try { // Code that can throw one or more exceptions } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Code to handle the exception }
This catch block only handles ArithmeticException exceptions. This implies this is the only kind of exception that can be thrown in the try block. If others can be thrown, this won't compile. We will come back to handling multiple exception types in a moment.
In general, the parameter for a catch block must be of type Throwable or one of the subclasses of the class Throwable. If the class that you specify as the parameter type has subclasses, the catch block will be expected to process exceptions of that class, plus all subclasses of the class. If you specified the parameter to a catch block as type RuntimeException for example, the code in the catch block would be invoked for exceptions defined by the class RuntimeException, or any of its subclasses.
We can see how this works with a simple example. It doesn't matter what the code does - the important thing is that it throws an exception we can catch.
The following code is really just an exhaustive log of the program's execution:
public class TestTryCatch { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 1; int j = 0; try { System.out.println("Try block entered " + "i = "+ i + " j = "+j); System.out.println(i/j); // Divide by 0 - exception thrown System.out.println("Ending try block"); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Catch the exception System.out.println("Arithmetic exception caught"); } System.out.println("After try block"); return; } }
If you run the example, you should get the output:
Try block entered i = 1 j = 0 Arithmetic exception caught After try block
How It Works
The variable j is initialized to 0, so that the divide operation in the try block will throw an ArithmeticException exception. We must use the variable j with the value 0 here because the Java compiler will not allow you to explicitly divide by zero - that is, the expression i/0 will not compile. The first line in the try block will enable us to track when the try block is entered, and the second line will throw an exception. The third line can only be executed if the exception isn't thrown - which can't occur in this example.
This shows that when the exception is thrown, control transfers immediately to the first statement in the catch block. It's the evaluation of the expression that is the argument to the println() method that throws the exception, so the println() method never gets called. After the catch block has been executed, execution then continues with the statement following the catch block. The statements in the try block following the point where the exception occurred aren't executed. You could try running the example again after changing the value of j to 1 so that no exception is thrown. The output in this case will be:
Try block entered i = 1 j = 1 1 Ending try block After try block
From this you can see that the entire try block is executed. Execution then continues with the statement after the catch block. Because no arithmetic exception was thrown, the code in the catch block isn't executed.
You need to take care when adding try blocks to existing code. A try block is no different to any other block between braces when it comes to variable scope. Variables declared in a try block are only available until the closing brace for the block. It's easy to enclose the declaration of a variable in a try block, and, in doing so, inadvertently limit the scope of the variable and cause compiler errors.
The catch block itself is a separate scope from the try block. If you want the catch block to output information about objects or values that are set in the try block, make sure the variables are declared in an outer scope.
The try and catch blocks are bonded together. You must not separate them by putting statements between the two blocks, or even by putting braces around the try keyword and the try block itself. If you have a loop block that is also a try block, the catch block that follows is also part of the loop. We can see this with a variation of the previous example.
We can make j a loop control variable and count down so that eventually we get a zero divisor in the loop:
public class TestLoopTryCatch { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 12; for(int j=3 ;j>=-1 ; j--) { try { System.out.println("Try block entered " + "i = "+ i + " j = "+j); System.out.println(i/j); // Divide by 0 - exception thrown System.out.println("Ending try block"); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Catch the exception System.out.println("Arithmetic exception caught"); } } System.out.println("After try block"); return; } }
This will produce the output:
Try block entered i = 12 j = 3 4 Ending try block Try block entered i = 12 j = 2 6 Ending try block Try block entered i = 12 j = 1 12 Ending try block Try block entered i = 12 j = 0 Arithmetic exception caught Try block entered i = 12 j = -1 -12 Ending try block After try block
How It Works
The try and catch blocks are all part of the loop since the catch is inextricably bound to the try. You can see this from the output. On the fourth iteration, we get an exception thrown because j is 0. However, after the catch block is executed, we still get one more iteration with j having the value -1.
Even though both the try and catch blocks are within the for loop, they have separate scopes. Variables declared within the try block cease to exist when an exception is thrown. You can demonstrate that this is so by declaring an arbitrary variable, k say, in the try block, and then adding a statement to output k in the catch block. Your code will not compile in this case.
Suppose you wanted the loop to end when an exception was thrown. You can easily arrange for this. Just put the whole loop in a try block, thus:
public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 12; try { System.out.println("Try block entered."); for(int j=3 ;j>=-1 ; j--) { System.out.println("Loop entered " + "i = "+ i + " j = "+j); System.out.println(i/j); // Divide by 0 - exception thrown } System.out.println("Ending try block"); } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Catch the exception System.out.println("Arithmetic exception caught"); } System.out.println("After try block"); return; }
With this version of main(), the previous program will produce the output:
Try block entered. Loop entered i = 12 j = 3 4 Loop entered i = 12 j = 2 6 Loop entered i = 12 j = 1 12 Loop entered i = 12 j = 0 Arithmetic exception caught After try block
Now we no longer get the output for the last iteration because control passes to the catch block when the exception is thrown, and that is now outside the loop.
If a try block can throw several different kinds of exception, you can put several catch blocks after the try block to handle them.
try { // Code that may throw exceptions } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Code for handling ArithmeticException exceptions } catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) { // Code for handling IndexOutOfBoundsException exceptions } // Execution continues here...
Exceptions of type ArithmeticException will be caught by the first catch block, and exceptions of type IndexOutOfBounds Exception will be caught by the second. Of course, if an ArithmeticException exception is thrown, only the code in that catch block will be executed. When it is complete, execution continues with the statement following the last catch block.
When you need to catch exceptions of several different types for a try block, the order of the catch blocks can be important. When an exception is thrown, it will be caught by the first catch block that has a parameter type that is the same as that of the exception, or a type that is a superclass of the type of the exception. An extreme case would be if you specified the catch block parameter as type Exception. This will catch any exception that is of type Exception, or of a class type that is derived from Exception. This includes virtually all the exceptions you are likely to meet in the normal course of events.
This has implications for multiple catch blocks relating to exception class types in a hierarchy. The catch blocks must be in sequence with the most derived type first, and the most basic type last. Otherwise your code will not compile. The simple reason for this is that if a catch block for a given class type precedes a catch block for a type that is derived from the first, the second catch block can never be executed and the compiler will detect that this is the case.
Suppose you have a catch block for exceptions of type ArithmeticException, and another for exceptions of type Exception as a catch-all. If you write them in the following sequence, exceptions of type ArithmeticException could never reach the second catch block as they will always be caught by the first.
// Invalid catch block sequence - won't compile! try { // try block code } catch(Exception e) { // Generic handling of exceptions } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Specialized handling for these exceptions }
Of course, this won't get past the compiler - it would be flagged as an error.
To summarize - if you have catch blocks for several exception types in the same class hierarchy, you must put the catch blocks in order, starting with the lowest subclass first, and then progressing to the highest superclass.
In principle, if you're only interested in generic exceptions, all the error handling code can be localized in one catch block for exceptions of the superclass type. However, in general it is more useful, and better practice, to have a catch block for each of the specific types of exceptions that a try block can throw.
The immediate nature of an exception being thrown means that execution of the try block code breaks off, regardless of the importance of the code that follows the point at which the exception was thrown. This introduces the possibility that the exception leaves things in an unsatisfactory state. You might have opened a file, for instance, and because an exception was thrown, the code to close the file is not executed.
The finally block provides the means for you to clean up at the end of executing a try block. You use a finally block when you need to be sure that some particular code is run before a method returns, no matter what exceptions are thrown within the previous try block. A finally block is always executed, regardless of what happens during the execution of the method. If a file needs to be closed, or a critical resource released, you can guarantee that it will be done if the code to do it is put in a finally block.
The finally block has a very simple structure:
finally { // Clean-up code to be executed last }
Just like a catch block, a finally block is associated with a particular try block, and it must be located immediately following any catch blocks for the try block. If there are no catch blocks then you position the finally block immediately after the try block. If you don't do this, your program will not compile.
The primary purpose for the try block is to identify code that may result in an exception being thrown. However, you can use it to contain code that doesn't throw exceptions for the convenience of using a finally block. This can be useful when the code in the try block has several possible exit points - break or return statements for example, but you always want to have a specific set of statements executed after the try block has been executed to make sure things are tidied up - such as closing any open files. You can put these in a finally block. Note: if a value is returned within a finally block, this return overrides any return executed in the try block.
We've looked at the blocks you can include in the body of a method, but it may not always be obvious how they are combined. The first thing to get straight is that a try block, plus any corresponding catch blocks, and the finally block all bunch together in that order:
try { // Code that may throw exceptions... } catch(ExceptionType1 e) { // Code to handle exceptions of type ExceptionType1 or subclass } catch(ExceptionType2 e) { // Code to handle exceptions of type ExceptionType2 or subclass ... // more catch blocks if necessary } finally { // Code always to be executed after try block code }
You can't have just a try block by itself. Each try block must always be followed by at least one block that is either a catch block or a finally block.
You must not include other code between a try block and its catch blocks, or between the catch blocks and the finally block. You can have other code that doesn't throw exceptions after the finally block, and you can have multiple try blocks in a method. In this case, your method might be structured as shown in the following diagram.
In many cases, a method will only need a single try block followed by all the catch blocks for the exceptions that need to be processed in the method, perhaps followed by a finally block. Java, however, gives you the flexibility to have as many try blocks as you want. This makes it possible for you to separate various operations in a method by putting each of them in their own try block - an exception thrown as a result of a problem with one operation does not prevent subsequent operations from being executed.
The throws clause that follows the parameter list for the method identifies exceptions that can be thrown in this method, but which aren't caught by any of the catch blocks within the method. We saw this earlier in this chapter. Exceptions that aren't caught can be thrown by code anywhere in the body of the method - in code not enclosed by a try block.
We saw how the sequence of execution proceeded with the simple case of a try block and a single catch block. We also need to understand the sequence in which code is executed when we have the try-catch-finally combinations of blocks, when different exceptions are thrown. This is easiest to comprehend by considering an example. We can use the following code to create a range of exceptions and conditions.
It will be convenient, in this example, to use an input statement to pause the program. The method we will use can throw an exception of a type defined in the java.io package. We will start by importing the java.io.IOException class into the source file. We will give the class containing main() the name TryBlockTest, and we will define another method, divide(), in this class that will be called in main(). The overall structure of the TryBlockTest class source file will be:
import java.io.IOException; public class TryBlockTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // Code for main().. } // Divide method public static int divide(int[] array, int index) { // Code for divide()... } }
The idea behind the divide() method is to pass it an array and an index as arguments. By choosing the values in the array and the index value judiciously, we can get ArithmeticException and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exceptions thrown. We'll need a try block plus two catch blocks for the exceptions, and we will throw in a finally block for good measure. Here's the code for divide():
public static int divide(int[] array, int index) { try { System.out.println("\nFirst try block in divide() entered"); array[index + 2] = array[index]/array[index + 1]; System.out.println("Code at end of first try block in divide()"); return array[index + 2]; } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Arithmetic exception caught in divide()"); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("Index-out-of-bounds exception caught in divide()"); } finally { System.out.println("finally block in divide()"); } System.out.println("Executing code after try block in divide()"); return array[index + 2]; }
We can define the main() method with the following code:
public static void main(String[] args) { int[] x = {10, 5, 0}; // Array of three integers // This block only throws an exception if method divide() does try { System.out.println("First try block in main() entered"); System.out.println("result = " + divide(x,0)); // No error x[1] = 0; // Will cause a divide by zero System.out.println("result = " + divide(x,0)); // Arithmetic error x[1] = 1; // Reset to prevent divide by zero System.out.println("result = " + divide(x,1)); // Index error } catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Arithmetic exception caught in main()"); } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("Index-out-of-bounds exception caught in main()"); } System.out.println("Outside first try block in main()"); System.out.println("\nPress Enter to exit"); // This try block is just to pause the program before returning try { System.out.println("In second try block in main()"); System.in.read(); // Pauses waiting for input... return; } catch(IOException e) { // The read() method can throw exceptions System.out.println("I/O exception caught in main()"); } finally { // This will always be executed System.out.println("finally block for second try block in main()"); } System.out.println("Code after second try block in main()"); }
Because the read() method for the object in (this object represents the standard input stream, analogous to out) can throw an I/O exception, it must itself be called in a try block and have an associated catch block, unless we chose to add a throws clause to the header line of main().
If you run the example it will produce the output:
First try block in main()entered First try block in divide() entered Code at end of first try block in divide() finally block in divide() result = 2 First try block in divide() entered Arithmetic exception caught in divide() finally block in divide() Executing code after try block in divide() result = 2 First try block in divide() entered Index-out-of-bounds exception caught in divide finally block in divide() Executing code after try block in divide() Index-out-of-bounds exception caught in main() Outside first try block in main() Press Enter to exit In second try block in main() finally block for second try block in main()
How It Works
All the try, catch, and finally blocks in the example have output statements so we can trace the sequence of execution.
Within the divide()method the code in the try block can throw an arithmetic exception if the element array[index + 1] of the array passed to it is 0. It can also throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception in the try block if the index value passed to it is negative, or it results in index + 2 being beyond the array limits. Both these exceptions are caught by one or other of the catch blocks so they will not be apparent in the calling method main().
Note, however, that the last statement in divide() can also throw an index-out-of-bounds exception:
return array[index+2];
This statement is outside the try block so the exception will not be caught. The exception will therefore be thrown by the method when it is called in main(). However, we aren't obliged to declare that the divide() method throws this exception because the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException class is a subclass of RuntimeException, and is therefore exempted from the obligation to deal with it.
The main()method has two try blocks. The first try block encloses three calls to the divide() method. The first call will execute without error; the second call will cause an arithmetic exception in the method; and the third call will cause an index-out-of-bounds exception. There are two catch blocks for the first try block in main() to deal with these two potential exceptions.
The read() method in the second try block in main() can cause an I/O exception to be thrown. Since this is one of the exceptions that the compiler will check for, we must either put the statement that calls the read() method in a try block, and have a catch block to deal with the exception, or declare that main()throws the IOException exception. If we don't do one or the other, the program will not compile.
Using the read() method in this way has the effect of pausing the program until the Enter key is pressed. We'll be looking at read(), and other methods for I/O operations, in the next four chapters. The class IOException is in the package java.io, so we need the import statement for this class because we refer to it in the catch block. Remember that only classes defined in java.lang are included in your program automatically.
The first line of output from the example, TryBlockTest, indicates that execution of the try block in main() has begun. The next block of four lines of output from the example is the result of a straightforward execution of the method divide(). No exceptions occur in divide(), so no catch blocks are executed.
The code at the end of the method divide(), following the catch blocks, isn't executed because the return statement in the try block ends the execution of the method. However, the finally block in divide() is executed before the return to the calling method occurs. If you comment out the return statement at the end of the divide() method's try block and run the example again, the code that follows the finally block will be executed.
The sequence of execution when no exceptions occur is shown in the diagram.
The previous diagram illustrates the normal sequence of execution in an arbitrary try-catch-finally set of blocks. If there's a return statement in the try block, this will be executed immediately after the finally block completes execution - so this prevents the execution of any code following the finally block. A return statement in a finally block will cause an immediate return to the calling point and the code following the finally block wouldn't be executed in this case.
The next block of five lines in the output correspond to an ArithmeticException being thrown and caught in the method divide(). The exception is thrown because the value of the second element in the array x is zero. When the exception occurs, execution of the code in the try block is stopped, and you can see that the code that follows the catch block for the exception in the divide()method is then executed. The finally block executes next, followed by the code after the finally block. The value in the last element of the array isn't changed from its previous value, because the exception occurs during the computation of the new value, before the result is stored.
The general sequence of execution in an arbitrary try-catch-finally set of blocks when an exception occurs is shown here.
Execution of the try block stops at the point where the exception occurs, and the code in the catch block for the exception is executed immediately. If there is a return statement in the catch block, this isn't executed until after the finally block has been executed. As discussed earlier, if a return statement that returns a value is executed within a finally block, that value will be returned, not the value from any previous return statement.
The next block of six lines in the output is a consequence of the third call to the method divide(). This causes an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException to be thrown in the try block, which is then caught. However, the code at the end of the method which is executed after the finally block, throws another exception of this type. This can't be caught in the method divide() because the statement causing it isn't in a try block. Since this exception isn't caught in the method divide(), the method terminates immediately and the same exception is thrown in main() at the point where the divide() method was called. This causes the code in the relevant catch block in main() to be executed in consequence.
An exception that isn't caught in a method is always propagated upwards to the calling method. It will continue to propagate up through each level of calling method until either it is caught, or the main() method is reached. If it isn't caught in main(), the program will terminate and a suitable message will be displayed. This situation is illustrated here.
This shows method1() calling method2() which calls method3(), which calls method4() in which an exception of type Exception2 is thrown. This exception isn't caught in method4() so execution of method4() ceases and the exception is thrown in method3(). It isn't caught, and continues to be rethrown until it reaches method1() where there's a catch block to handle it.
In our Try It Out, execution continues in main() with the output statements outside the first try block. The read() method pauses the program until you press the Enter key. No exception is thrown, and execution ends after the code in the finally block is executed. The finally block is tied to the try block that immediately precedes it, and is executed even though there's a return statement in the try block.
We will not be going into these in detail, but you should note that you can have nested try blocks, as illustrated in this diagram.
The catch blocks for the outer try block can catch any exceptions that are thrown, but not caught, by any code within the block, including code within inner try-catch blocks. In the example shown, the catch block for the outer try block will catch any exception of type Exception2. Such exceptions could originate anywhere within the outer try block. The illustration shows two levels of nesting, but you can specify more if you know what you're doing.
Even though you may need to recognize that an exception has occurred in a method by implementing a catch clause for it, this is not necessarily the end of the matter. In many situations, the calling program may need to know about it - perhaps because it will affect the continued operation of the program, or because the calling program may be able to compensate for the problem.
If you need to pass an exception that you have caught on to the calling program, you can rethrow it from within the catch block using a throw statement. For example:
try { // Code that originates an arithmetic exception } catch(ArithmeticException e) { // Deal with the exception here throw e; // Rethrow the exception to the calling program }
The throw statement is the keyword throw followed by the exception object to be thrown. When we look at how to define our own exceptions later in this chapter, we'll be using exactly the same mechanism to throw them.


text: 10 Senior Dogs On Facebook That Are Cooler Than You Facebook would not be the same without the amazing older dogs we get to know and love that work hard to educate, entertain and add meaning to our lives. Thanks for showing the world how cool senior dogs truly are. dogquality 4 years ago 45 responses


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SEASHANTY 22:22 08 Mar 2004
My Epson 740 is more than 2 years old but doesn't seem to have any ink leakage despite the fact that I use the cheap cartridges (4col+5blk for £18). However some cartridges do leak according to this website. Doesn't suggest any remedy tho'.
click here


text: So, have you seen Space Funeral? Probably not. It's an indie RPG beatable in about an hour. At first it looks like a kind of punk random-for-the-sake-of-offending-the-senses aesthetic, but there is some really smart/funny bits in there and a fun ending with great music throughout. I'd rather not spoil anything, so I'll leave it at that. Better than many/most of the $30 DS JRPGs I've played.