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|Attention Before you read this tutorial, I highly recommend you check out my resources page for access to the tools and services I use to not only maintain my system but also fix all my computer errors, by clicking here!
The DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error, as is stated in the name itself, is a driver related error. A driver is basically a set of instructions that sits between the operating system and the hardware device. It acts as a middleman between both, enabling the operating system to interact, communicate and control the device. All these blue screen of death (BSOD) errors can be intimidating at first, but they can all be repaired. All one needs to know, is the error code/name and they should be able to find the necessary solutions for that particular problem.
Symptoms of DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL Errors
When users first encounter the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error message, it's usually accompanied by a system crash. This error may and does appear in various situations, such as when the computer is put into hibernation mode, with sudden system shut downs and random system freezing as hallmarks of this error.
Other symptoms users have reported experiencing is as follows:
- Windows performance becomes intermittent and unresponsive to either keyboard or mouse inputs.
- Computer repeatedly crashes whenever a specific program is run.
- The "STOP Error 0xC5: DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL" is displayed just before the system restarts.
In most cases users have reported experiencing the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error right after they have installed a new application or hardware component. However, this particular error may also appear while a device driver is being loaded (during boot-up) or while the computer is shutting down. Taking note of when the error occurs is crucial for the troubleshooting process.
What Causes This Error?
The DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error essentially occurs because of a device driver bug, which attempts to access data within the memory which does not exist resulting in a registry error. The error message is followed by a whole host of symptoms which I have already elaborated on.
With that said, what causes the bug (within the device driver), varies, but the most common causes are as follows:
- An incorrectly configured or outdated driver.
- The Windows registry has become corrupted due to a recent system change, such as the installation or uninstallation of an application.
- A virus has infected the computer and corrupted important system files.
- The problematic drivers are conflicting with the drivers of another device.
- System files have been inadvertently deleted during the installation of an application or device driver.
- The hard drive is faulty or defective.
There are many other situations that are known to cause this error, such as defective memory, firmware and other hardware devices.
How to Fix It?
The DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error is due primarily to the drivers of a specific hardware component. Because of the lack of ambiguity surrounding this error, solutions tend to be very rigid and highly effective at repairing this problem.
With that said, there are a number of solutions provided below, all of which have proven quite effective at tackling this particular issue, so be sure to try as many as is required.
Update Your Device Drivers
The DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error on your computer is more than likely related to either an outdated or corrupted device driver. Drivers are notorious for working one day and not working the next, this can be due to so many factors on your system. The good thing is that it's possible for you to update the drivers on your computer to fix errors just like this.
Locating the correct drivers for all the different devices in your system can be difficult and time-consuming. Even if you are experienced at locating, downloading and installing device drivers, the process can still be fairly confusing and long-winded, with installing wrong or incompatible drivers capable of making issues even worse.
Because of the amount of time and the various steps that are required to update the various device drivers in your system, it's highly recommended that you use a driver updater tool such as Smart Driver Updater, which is capable of carrying out all of these various task automatically.
Smart Driver Updater will search the internet for the drivers of all the devices inside your computer, and download and install them, with a single click of a button. It will also create a backup of your previous drivers, so that you can undo any recent changes, in the event that something goes wrong.
With all the drivers in your computer, you can not only expect the error to be eliminated but also for the overall performance of your system to improve.
Anyway, you can download Smart Driver Updater from the following link:
Run a Virus Scan
There is a good chance that the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error on your computer is due to a virus infection. These malicious programs are capable of infecting your system and corrupting important system files. The corruption of important system file can become a catalyst for a great many computer errors, including this particular error.
Therefore, I highly recommend you run a full virus scan of your system, using your virus scanner program.
If you don't have an antivirus program on your computer or you are not confident in the current program you are using, then I recommend you use SpyHunter, alternatively check out my post on the best antivirus tools.
For more information on SpyHunter, visit the following link:
Run Registry Scan
If the above methods fail to fix the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error, then there is a good chance that the cause of this issue is due to the corruption of the Windows registry. To fix this, you have two options, the first entails manually editing the registry, and removing all invalid registry keys, but this is not a recommended solution, primarily because incorrectly editing your registry can render your entire system inoperable.
The second option entails using a trusted registry cleaner tool, such as RegCure Pro, this tool will scan and repair any errors it finds within your registry. Using a registry cleaner tool automates the whole process of finding invalid keys, missing file references, and broken links within the registry.
This tool will also make a backup of your registry so that all changes made can easily be undone with a single click of a button. The added bonus is that registry scans are also capable of improving the overall performance of your system.
With that said, you can find out more about RegCure Pro here:
Reinstall Windows
This is the next best option available to you in the event that you've tried the solutions above. Reinstalling Windows will result in you losing all the data on your hard drive, allowing you to start afresh. A clean installation of Windows will also clean out any lingering junk files in your computer, dramatically improving the overall performance of your computer.
With that said, this method should only be attempted if you are sure the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error is not due to a hardware fault, because if it is, reinstalling Windows will not fix the problem. So make sure you check your memory modules (as the hardware component most likely to be defective).
Anyway, for more information on how to reinstall Windows check out my post on speeding up your PC.
Alternatively, you can use the Windows repair tool called Reimage, which can reinstall your Windows files, on the fly, without erasing any of your personal data in the process. It will also repair your system without the requirement of your Windows CD, which is a big plus, since most PC users do not have this CD due to their systems having come with the OS pre-installed.
You can find out more about this powerful tool here:
|The solution(s) below are for ADVANCED level computer users. If you are a beginner to intermediate computer user, I highly recommend you use the automated tool(s) above!
Run Windows Update
It's very important that you have all the latest updates installed in your operating system. Microsoft is always releasing new fixes for known bugs, such as the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error you are currently experiencing, so a simple update may be all that is required to fix this error.
Ultimately, if your system is setup correctly, then it should automatically download the latest Windows updates to your system. All you should have to do is select the appropriate update(s) and click on install or in some cases, shut your system down, and it will install them automatically.
However, in the event that your computer isn't configured to automatically download the latest Windows updates, you will need to reconfigure it. For help on how to do this, check out my page on fixing PFN_LIST_CORRUPT errors.
Uninstall Faulty Device Drivers
Another option that you can adopt entails uninstalling the faulty driver that is causing the error. In order to do this, you will need to know which device driver is causing the problem.
To do that, you will need to use a Windows tool caused Driver Verifier. For help on how to operate this tool, check out my post on fixing DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE errors.
Once you have established which driver is at fault, you can then remove the drivers by doing the following:
1. First, boot into your computer with full administrative rights.
2. Once in, click on Start -> Run, type devmgmt.msc and click on OK [Windows Vista/7: Start -> Type devmgmt.msc (into the Search programs and files box) and Press Enter].
3. Once Device Manager loads up, click on the + icon next to the device type, then right click on the Device and select Uninstall.
Note: Using the driver updater tool Smart Driver Updater is always the better option, especially if you are unable to pinpoint the exact driver that is to blame for the error.
Restore Your System
If the DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL error is due to a recent software change, then restoring your system back to a period before you encountered this error may be able to fix it.
However, whether or not this method will work, depends greatly on the changes that were made leading up to the uneventful blue screen of death error.
Anyway, for help on how to use this tool, I suggest you check out my post on using Window restore.
Test Your Memory
It's not uncommon for blue screen of death errors to be due to a fault within your system memory. If your system is randomly rebooting, constantly crash, freezing intermittently, then there is a strong chance that you could have defective memory inside your system. In fact, a great many system crashes can be attributed to memory corruption.
If you recently purchased and installed new memory modules inside your computer, then I recommend you temporarily remove them in order to rule them out as the cause of this error. If the error no longer shows up (after the removal), then you know the new memory modules are the cause, which could mean they are either defective or incompatible with your system. Your next cause of action should be to have them replaced.
If you didn't add any new memory modules to your system, then you will need to perform a diagnostic test in order to evaluate your current memory modules. These diagnostic tests are designed to scan for memory failures, damaged dims, failing modules etc, all of which may be contributing to this error.
With that said, for more information on how these tools work and how to obtain them, I suggest you check out my page on stress testing tools.
Are you looking for a way to repair all the errors on your computer?
If the answer is Yes, then I highly recommend you check out RegCure Pro.
Which is the leading registry cleaner program online that is able to cure your system from a number of different ailments such as Windows Installer Errors, Runtime Errors, Malicious Software, Spyware, System Freezing, Active Malware, Blue Screen of Death Errors, Rundll Errors, Slow Erratic Computer Performance, ActiveX Errors and much more. Click here to check it out NOW!


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I'm sure if you've been reading the blog for a while that you know that I love to go thrifting. For me the thrill of the hunt is equal in fun to the visiting new places and creating new memories.
And when it comes to a road trips, the hubby and I don't hesitate to jump in the car and head down the road to explore a new thrifting spot. After attending our first WLYS (World's Longest Yard Sale) a few years ago, it's a trip that we look forward to each year and one that we plan for.
I get asked a lot about the sale and what we do to prepare so I thought I'd share a few insights with you today.
***When planning your trip, make sure to print out the map available on the #127Sale site and determine where you want to shop. Outlining your route ahead of time will help you more than you know. There are a limited number of signs that mark the route and most of the time you are just following the crowd.
***If you plan on staying overnight, find a hotel and book it as early as possible. Be warned that prices are higher during the yard sale weekend. For instance, the Super 8 in Crossville, TN was $200 per night during the weekend. My recommendation, if you want to stay in a hotel is to drive into a near by big city like Chattanooga or Knoxville. You might lose a little time shopping but trust me having a nice room at night is worth it.
***The WLYS is not a pretty shopping experience. Most of the sellers are set up along the road or in fields so when I say you're shopping in the countryside, I really mean it. Some neighborhoods along the route hold sales in their driveways but these areas are super congested. We spent 20 minutes trying to get out of a cul-de-sac that was literally jammed with cars. If there was an emergency there would have been no way an ambulance or police car would have made it down the road.
Oh, and be prepared to park your car on the side of the road, walk in dirt fields and be out in the sun all day.
***Don't expect to find what you're looking for. Instead of having a specific item in mind, in a particular color, finish or style, it's best to go with the mindset that you'll find what you find. If you're looking for chairs, keep you eye out for them but don't expect to find the particular style that you might want. If you're looking for china, you'll see lots of it and will have to buy what strikes your fancy at the moment. The WLYS is like a box of chocolates…you never know what you'll get!
{note: there's are area between Dunlap and Crossville, TN where several dealers that show at Scott Antique Market set-up and their prices are much better at the WLYS}
***Like a lot of yard sales around your city, the WLYS has just as much junk as they do treasures. As you wind your way along the yard sale route, you'll see spots where there are multiple sellers set up and then you'll come upon random houses where the home owners cleaned out their garage and are trying to get rid of all their junk. The spots with multiple sellers are the places you want to stop not only because you'll have more choice but also because it's a better use of your time.
***With several years under my belt, I will tell you that I've found the best shopping (product quality and prices) to be between Crossville, TN and Frankfort, KY. There are multiple spots in Kentucky that are indoors (air-conditioned) with 50 to 60 dealers under one roof. Most of these spots are where serious dealers set up so the quality is great.
***Carry shopping totes with you so that you have something to carry your items in. I also put a couple of plastic milk crates in the car to hold small items and breakable pieces.
***Carry a cooler inside your car with water and food. There are not many food stops along the route (unless you want funnel cakes and hot dogs) so having something to eat and drink will be life saver. It was so hot that the hubs and I went through 12 bottles of water on the first day.
***Carry cash! Some sellers have signs saying they accepted debit and credit cards but I wouldn't if I were you! Plus internet service in the mountains was far and few between.
***You'll pass some pretty scenery along the route so take time to enjoy it (but keep your eyes on the road).
***Take the time to talk to the people you encounter. Everyone we ran into was so nice and helpful and told us about some of the best shopping spots. We even had one guy give us two ice-cold neck wraps to cool us down.
***And most importantly dress comfortably and be prepared for rain. We more than a handful of people wading through mud and puddles with flip-flops on!
Now that you know what to expect at the sale and how to plan for it, here's a look at what I bought!
Because I have a great source for milk glass at the Scott Antique Market here in Atlanta, I was looking for pieces that I hadn't seen or found before. The lidded dish above was too cute to pass up and for only $3 is was a great deal. The vase below (with scalloped edge) was another fun milk glass piece I bought. I paid $12 for it.
I bought some of these Tiara Black Diamond Mugs but can't decide if I'm going to sell them or keep them.
This table was $9 and needs some TLC.
I expected the price on this ceramic pot to be $50 or $60 but because there was a small outside crack on the back the dealer was selling it for $20.
There's lots of reproduction Jadite glassware out there but this deviled egg dish was the real thing and I snagged it for $15.
Vintage alarm clock were on my shopping list so I bought the two outside clocks plus a couple of others.
I picked up a few of these vintage paint brushes. I don't plan to use them but just think they are cool.
I lucked upon A BOX of these vintage children's shoe last for a song.
This decanter and glass set was $8.00. I think it would be great to use for mouth wash or of course on a cocktail cart.
Speaking of carts, I picked this baby up for $15.00 and plan to Up-Style it!
Ironstone is always on my shopping list but there wasn't much to be found at the yard sale. I did find one seller with several pieces and this was my favorite.
A lovely vintage picnic basket that was just waiting for me. I was looking at it and told the seller I'd think about it which prompted him to say "will you take it for $10?". Sold!
And one of my favorite purchases from the trip is this vintage scale for $20.
Overall I'm thrilled about the things we bought and will mark this thrifting adventure down as a success.
p.s. I'm already thinking about next year and definitely want to head back up to northern Tennessee and Kentucky to shop the sale. Plus I'm flushing out the idea of getting a group of bloggers together to do the trip. I think it could be a great time hanging out with friends and shopping. Stay tuned!

subset: commoncrawl


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The astronomers at Indiana University discovered a faint blue galaxy called Leoncino or "little lion" in the Leo Minor constellation, about 30 million light-years away from Earth. According to them, the little lion could shed light about the birth of the universe since it contains the lowest level of metals, which suggests its make-up did not change drastically since the Big Bang.
"Finding the most metal-poor galaxy ever is exciting since it could help contribute to a quantitative test of the Big Bang," says John Salzer. "There are relatively few ways to explore conditions at the birth of the universe, but low-metal galaxies are among the most promising."
The study published on May 12 in the Astrophysical Journal states that heavy chemical elements other than hydrogen or helium are known as metals. The metals are produced by stars and spread through the galaxy when the stars explode as supernovae.
Leoncino contains just 1.3 percent the metallicity of the Sun, indicating that only a few star formations happened since its birth. It is about 1,000 light-years in diameter and consists of a few million stars, unlike the Milky Way, which is estimated to contain about 200 billion to 400 billion stars.
The little lion is named after its constellation and the Italian-born radio astronomer, Riccardo Giovanelli, the leader of the group that first saw the blue galaxy. Its blue color stems from the presence of newly formed hot stars. Nevertheless, the galaxy is dim, the lowest level of luminosity seen for this kind of cosmic object.
The research team will study the little lion further to gather more information about the galaxy. This time, they plan to use other telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope. "We're eager to continue to explore this mysterious galaxy," adds Salzer. "Low-metal-abundance galaxies are extremely rare, so we want to learn everything we can."


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"Proud Hoboken, New Jersey native Mike Korman delivers fifteen sturdy songs worth of straight-up moody, yet still absorbing and rousing no-nonsense meat and potatoes rock'n'roll. Korman goes heavy on the brooding and captivating atmosphere while keeping things compelling with loads of tasty buzzing guitar riffs, straightforward lyrics, and tuneful arrangements. The sound is crisp and harmonic, with a cool retro 50's kind of basic quality, a pleasing reflective sensibility, and a refreshing dearth of pretense. A really nifty and enjoyable album."
Review by Joe Wawrzyniak, JERSEY BEAT - Jan. 2012
Review by Joe Wawrzyniak, JERSEY BEAT - Jan. 2012
Born and raised in Hoboken, New Jersey, MIKE KORMAN has made a musical comeback.
Guitarist in the 1980's Hoboken band "GUT BANK", KORMAN stopped playing music in 1987 to pursue a career in his hometown, working at City Hall. "I was inspired by reform Mayor Tom Vezzetti to serve in government".
Still working for the City of Hoboken, KORMAN has begun exploring music again. "For 20 years I didn't pick up a guitar. But in 2007, I bought a used acoustic guitar at a flea market and began playing some old riffs - then applying some lyrics I had written years ago." The result was a collection of new recordings - a 2012 solo album "HOBOKEN ROCKS".
KORMAN has an audio engineering background. He records and produces all his own music and plays all the instruments. "What I am doing now is way beyond me just playing guitar in a band. "I'm creating my own songs, singing for the 1st time and loving it, performing better than I ever have in the past. I put a lot of work in the process and it's enjoyable."
KORMAN played guitar with several groups during the 1980's post-punk scene in New York City and played a part in the famed "Hoboken Sound" with GUT BANK. KORMAN was a member of the 1983 Lower East Side group "THE KEEPER" (Slum Goddess Records), made up of band members Michael Goglia, the early drummer of psychedelic garage rockers "THE FUZZTONES", vocalist Parker Dulany of NYC's overlooked "CERTAIN GENERAL" and Tommy Victor, founder of longtime industrial metal band "PRONG", who played bass at the time.
KORMAN also played in the NYC groups "MISTAKEN IDENTITY" and "NO THANKS", both part of the underground post-punk scene during the early 1980's. GUT BANK, which toured often garnering a large fan base, enjoyed success from 1985 leading up to its 1987 album release "THE DARK AGES" (Twin\Tone, Coyote Records), produced by Roger Miller of MISSION OF BURMA, and often opened for HUSKER DU and the MEAT PUPPETS.
Following the release of "HOBOKEN ROCKS" in 2012, KORMAN continued recording new songs, with a 2nd album "LIBERTY REIGN", released in January 2015.
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text: DVDs work like CDs work. A motor spins it and the disc is spun at a speed determined by the DVD you are using. Laser assembly is used to read the data, video and audio. There is a laser beam and a light sensor used to read the reflected light. The tracking mechanism is used to move the laser beam in sync with the DVD so it can track the DVD perfectly. The tracking device is very important as the lasers must track the data or it will not read. Data is in digital form using 1s and 0s formed as bumps and flats. It is aluminum with plastic coating which is used to reflect the data. The laser beam projects onto the DVD and the motor spins to read it.


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Hills Industries Limited
Hills Holdings(HIL)
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We really can't fathom why Hills Industries' share price has been rising, up 16% since 15 Aug 06 (Take Part Profits – $4.79). Sure, the half-yearly profit of this urinals-to-security-cameras manufacturer rose 12% to $24m, on...
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regarding your reference to Hills industries and concern re debt by way of example from the 'spin' , i am interested to see how you came to that conclusion as from what i saw in a cursory way, they logged their debt to equity at 36% which did not ...Read full Q&A +
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text: An Eye of Round roast will take 1 3/4 to 2 1/4 hours to cook for a typical 2 to 3 pound roast. Place roast in a heavy roasting pan place in a 325 degree oven. For a rare roast, check the internal temperature and it should reach 140 degrees. Medium 160 degrees, and for well-done, 170 degrees.


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I could have had a V-8 Meatball Soup
1 photo of I Could Have Had A V-8 Meatball Soup Recipe
Teresa P
It is a hearty soup and is shown topped with 1 garlic herb mozzarrella 100 calorie pack.
- 2 can(s)
- v-8 vegetable juice (spicy if you want a spicy soup)
- 1 sm. bag
- mixed vegetables, frozen
- 1 pkg
- ranch style dressing mix
- 1 can(s)
- ranch style beans
- 1 c
- chicken broth
- 1 c
- water
- 1 tsp
- seasoning salt
- 1/2 tsp
- black pepper
- 1/2 bag
- italian style frozen meatballs.
- 1 c
- rice select royal blend, texmati white, brown, wild, & red rice
How to Make I could have had a V-8 Meatball Soup
- 1Pour all ingredients into a large soup pot over a high flame.
- 2Stir in seasonings reduce heat and cover.
- 3stir every 3-5 minutes. Make sure you do not over cook rice and make sure the meat balls are throughly heated.
- 4Serve with cheese shredds OR cubes, green onions and garlic bread or corn bread. Enjoy!
About I could have had a V-8 Meatball Soup
Course/Dish: Other Soups
Other Tag: Quick & Easy


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Top 4 Treks in the Himalayas
Asia is the abode of the highest, largest and most inhabited mountain ranges, Himalayas. This entire mountain system is home to the highest mountain ranges all across the world. The craggy beauty along with the unique spiritual culture of people living in the silhouette of the gigantic Himalayas is simply incredible. And for trekking enthusiasts, this mighty mountain system has a lot in store. Here is our exclusive pick of top 4 treks in the Himalayas.
Everest Base Camp Trek
For trekking in the Himalayas, Everest Base Camp Trek surely strikes into the mind of trek passionate people. Renowned as one of the most challenging treks, it is situated in Khumbu, Nepal. The lofty mountain peaks and beautiful glaciers while trekking to Everest are just the ideal setting for heading on to the peak.
Nestled in the mid-western region of Nepal, Dolpo is one of the most popular trek destinations in the world. Passing through the parched high plateaus, the lush green valleys, raw beauty of land and picturesque landscapes is a true delight for trekkers. The best season for heading on to Dolpo trek is between March to May and September to October.
Manaslu Circuit
Renowned for offering the most classic and challenging mountain trekking in the Himalayas, the Manaslu Circuit is the eighth tallest mountain worldwide. It stands high at an altitude of 8163m above the sea level passing the Larkya La pass. For an audacious trek, Manaslu Circuit is just one of the ""Clandestine Land" that adventurers look for!
Tsum Valley of Nepal
The serene and solely sacred Tsum valley is beautifully located in the Northern Gorkha district of Nepal. Perched high at 1905 m from the sea level, this breathtaking valley in Nepal is the dream destination of many trekkers out there. Carrying along the history of Himalayan cultures, styles, arts, traditions and civilizations, this famous trek elates you to some other world – a world that you have never imagined existed on the Earth! Offering the most alluring natural vistas, the Tsum Valley of Nepal truly deserves to be one of the best Himalayas trekking destinations. And the most appropriate season for trekking here is between March to May & October to December.


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Tom Raffio, 58, is president and CEO of Northeast Delta Dental. Based in Concord, N.H., the 200-employee company administers dental insurance for organizations and individuals.
With 20 years' experience as CEO, Raffio has learned to prioritize wellness and build a management team. A self-described introvert, he's also trained himself to become a dynamic public speaker.
Executive Leadership: You're an avid runner who created a running club at work. What's it like to run alongside your employees?
Raffio: It creates a wellness culture inside the company. You may see me midday in running shorts and a T-shirt. It sends the signal that it's OK to run. There's camaraderie among us when we're running together. Running is the great equalizer.
EL: Do employees open up to you more as a result?
Raffio: It's a great way to get honest feedback from both employees and outside citizens and customers. I learn so much from other runners.
EL...(register to read more)
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By D. Brian Brady Northern Arizona University, May 1997
Six participants varying in degree of hypnotizability (two lows, two mediums, and two highs) were exposed to three sessions of a binaural-beat sound stimulation protocol designed to enhance theta brainwave activity. The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) was used for pre and post-stimulus measures of hypnotic susceptibility. Time-series analysis was used to evaluate anterior theta activity in response to binaural-beat sound stimulation over baseline and stimulus sessions. A protocol designed to increase anterior theta activity resulted in a significant increase in theta measures (% activity) between pre-stimulus baseline and stimulus observations for five of six participants. Hypnotic susceptibility levels remained stable in the high-susceptible group, and increased moderately in the low and medium susceptible groups.
Differential individual response to hypnosis, has, captured the attention of hypnosis practitioners and researchers since the time of Mesmer, in the late 18th century. Despite the long recognized importance of individual variation in hypnotizability, efforts to modify or increase individual hypnotic susceptibility have proven to be problematic and controversial.
Part of the difficulty in addressing the nature of hypnotizability has been the lack of consensus regarding the basic phenomena of hypnosis. The central issue has been whether observed hypnotic responses are due to an altered stated of consciousness or merely the product of psychosocial factors.
Considering hypnosis as either an altered state or as a purely psychosocial phenomenon served to provide two opposing factions into which most theories of hypnosis could be grouped. Contemporary hypnosis researchers tend to hold less extreme positions, realizing the benefit of a perspective which is comprised of the strengths of both the special-process (i.e., altered state of consciousness) and the social-psychological theoretical domains.
Theoretical Perspectives of Hypnosis
The 1960's witnessed the advent of standardized hypnotic susceptibility measurements. Reliable standardized instruments have been developed for use with groups and individuals. Early work with the electroencephalogram (EEG) designed to identify hypnotic susceptibility also began around this time. More recent EEG / hypnosis research has focused on electrocortical correlates of both the state of, and differential individual response to, hypnosis. The concept of a reliable electrocortical correlate of hypnotic susceptibility draws attention to the recent applications of neurofeedback therapy, which has employed a number of protocols designed for individual brainwave modification. Recent advances in the application of binaural-beat technology and the associated EEG frequency following response, which can be either relaxing or stimulating, have demonstrated efficacy of brainwave modification in areas such as enriched learning, improved sleep, and relaxation (Atwater, 1997). In consideration of recent EEG / hypnosis research along with the recently demonstrated efficacy of EEG neurofeedback training research and the binaural-beat technology applications, it would seem that the lingering question of hypnotizability modification can now be addressed by utilizing brainwave modification within a systematic protocol.
As mentioned earlier, it has often been the case in the past to view the field of hypnosis as being dominated, theoretically, by two opposing camps; the special-process and the social-psychological. In general, the special-process view holds that hypnosis induces a unique state of consciousness; whereas, the social-psychological view maintains that hypnosis is not a distinct physiological state.
Popular authors of the post-Mesmeric period (i.e., mid 19th century), such as James Braid, proposed psychophysiological and sometimes neurophysiological explanations for the hypnotic phenomenon (Sabourin, 1982). In fact, Braid adopted the term "neuro-hypnology" to describe the phenomenon and is credited as the originator of the term "hypnosis" (Bates, 1994, p. 27). The work of other English physicians, such as John Elliotson and James Esdaile, on surgical anesthesia and clinical pain relief in the mid-19th century (Soskis, 1986), are indicative of the psychophysiological zeitgeist of hypnosis in that time. This physiologically-oriented perspective is reflected in Hilgard's neodissociation model (Hilgard, 1986), which suggests that hypnosis involves the activation of hierarchically arranged subsystems of cognitive control. This dissociation of consciousness is clearly manifested in the realm of hypnotically induced analgesia. Hilgard's conception of a "hidden observer" (Hilgard, 1973) as a dissociated part of consciousness, a part that is always aware of nonexperienced pain and can be communicative with the therapist, is exemplified in his description of a hypnotically analgesic individual whose hand and arm were immersed in circulating ice water as follows:
All the while that she was insisting verbally that she felt no pain in hypnotic analgesia, the dissociated part of herself was reporting through automatic writing that she felt the pain just as in the normal nonhypnotic state. (p. 398)
In Hilgard's model, the hidden observer is the communication of the above described subsystem not available to consciousness during hypnosis. It is reasonable to assume, considering hypnosis research with pain control, that such a dissociative effect of cognitive functioning (i.e., cortical inhibition) would have, as a substrate, some neuropsychophysiological correlate.
Often the social-psychological or social-learning position sees hypnotic behaviors as other complex social behaviors, the result of such factors as ability, attitude, belief, expectancy, attribution, and interpretation of the situation (Krisch & Lynn, 1995). The influence of such variables as learning history and environmental influences are described by Barber (1969). In this influential discourse, Barber presents a framework in which hypnotic responding is related to antecedent stimuli, such as expectations, motivation, definition of the situation, and the experimenter-subject relationship. Diamond (1989) proposed a variation of the social-psychological view which emphasized the cognitive functions associated with the experience of hypnosis, as described in the following:
It may be most fruitful to think of hypnotizability as a set of cognitive skills rather than a stable trait. Thus, it is conceivable that the so called "insusceptible" or refractory S [subject] is 'simply less adept at creating, implementing, or utilizing the requisite cognitive skills in hypnotic test situations. Similarly, what makes for a highly responsive or "virtuoso" S may well be precisely the ability or skill to generate those cognitive processes within the context of a unique relationship with a hypnotist. (p. 382)
According to the social-psychological paradigm, an individual's response to hypnosis is related to a disposition toward hypnosis, expectations, and the use of more effective cognitive strategies, not because the individual possesses a certain level of hypnotic ability. An important implication of the social psychological or social-learning theory is that an individual's level of hypnotizability can be modified and thus enhanced with systematic strategies to accommodate for individual deficiencies. These two positions can no longer be perceived as a dichotomy, but more accurately as overlapping areas in a Venn diagram. It is not difficult for one to recognize the role of both individual characteristics (i.e., differential neurological activity) and contextual variables (i.e., psychosocial constructs) in measuring and determining the hypnotic response. In other words, the hypnotic response can be viewed as a product of a trance-like state of altered consciousness, which is itself moderated by psychosocial factors such as social influence, personal abilities, and possibly the effects of modification strategies. Such a perspective allows for a more complete investigation of the nature of hypnotic susceptibility by taking into account the relevant issues within each position.
Importance of Individual Differences
In the middle 1960's the focus on hypnotic research was dominated by a trait, or individual difference, approach. The use of standardized hypnotic susceptibility measurements became common. Most practitioners today tend to view hypnotic susceptibility as a relatively stable characteristic that varies across individuals. This view, and the realization of individual variability in the ability to experience hypnosis, are not new ideas, as Mesmer long ago emphasized the individual's receptivity to hypnotic process (Laurence & Perry, 1988). Braid, an English physician during the 19th century, described the remarkable differences of different individuals in the degree of susceptibility to the hypnotic experience (Waite, 1960). The importance of within-individual variability in hypnotic susceptibility is also found in Braid's comments that individuals are affected differently, and that even the same individual could react differently at different times to hypnosis (Waite, 1960). Differential responses to hypnosis were recognized by Freud in his attempts to determine which patients would be the most responsive to hypnotic training. Freud, like others at this time, was unable to identify reliable correlates of hypnotizability. Freud's frustration is reflected in his observation that "We can never tell in advance whether it VAII be possible to hypnotize a patient or not, and the only way m have of discovering is by the attempt itself' (Freud, 1966, p. 106). This view is reflected in the methodology of current standardized scales of hypnotizability which use direct measures of hypnotic responses to determine level of hypnotizability.
Differential treatment outcome, associated with individual differences in the way individuals respond to hypnosis, has been observed by practitioners for centuries. Hypnotic susceptibility may also be a relevant factor in the practice of health psychology / behavioral medicine. Bowers (1979) suggested that hypnotic ability is important in the healing or improvement of various somatic disorders. He has also provided evidence that therapeutic outcomes with psychosomatic disorders "re correlated with hypnotic susceptibility, even Men hypnotic procedures were not employed (Bowers, 1982). Significant relationships have been found between hypnotizability and the reduction of chronic pain, chronic facial pain, headaches, and skin disorders (e.g., warts, chronic urticaria, and atopic eczema) with hypnotic techniques (Brown, 1992). Support for the interaction of negative emotions and hypnotic ability as a mediator of symptoms and disease has also been provided by recent research (Wickramasekera, 1979,1994; Wickramasekera, Pope, & Kolm, 1996). A recent article by Ruzyla-Smith, Barabasz, Barabasz & Warner (1995), measuring the effects of hypnosis on the immune response, found significant increases in B-cells and helper T-cells only for the highly hypnotizable participants in the study. This report not only suggests that hypnosis can modify the activity of components of the immune system, but also highlights the importance of individual variability in response to hypnosis.
In terms of modification of hypnotizability, initial hypnotic susceptibility level may be a factor in the resulting degree of modification. In a paper discussing the issue of hypnotizability modification, Perry (1977) presented a number of studies employing a range of less susceptible individuals for modification training. Overall, the attempts to modify hypnotizability were unsuccessful in these studies. Perry suggested that successful modification tends to be more common in medium susceptible individuals. It may be that the medium susceptible individual, having already demonstrated a certain degree of hypnotic ability, possesses the underlying cognitive framework essential to the hypnotic experience. This line of reasoning could explain the differential responses of low susceptible and medium susceptible individuals to hypnotizability modification training. The high susceptible individual could also prove to be less responsive to modification strategies compared to the medium susceptible individual, as a potential exists for a ceiling effect with the high susceptible individual.
Standardized Measures of Hypnotic Susceptibility
The long observed differences in individual response to hypnosis eventually led to the development of the first viable measures of hypnotizability, the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Forms A and B (SHSS:A and SHSS:B) by Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1959). The introduction of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C) by Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1962) represented an improved version of the two earlier forms; it was comprised of a greater proportion of more difficult cognitive items. The SHSS:C is still the prevalent measure of hypnotic susceptibility in current use and is often the criterion by which other measures of hypnotizability are evaluated (Perry, Nadon, & Button, 1992). This instrument is essentially an ascending scale which begins with relatively easy hypnotic induction procedures and progressively moves to more difficult trance challenges.
A recent study by Kurtz & Strube (1996), comparing a number of hypnotic measures, described the SHSS:C as the gold standard of susceptibility tests. This study also addressed the idea of using multiple measures of hypnotic susceptibility in order to improve predictive power over using a single administered test. Kurtz & Strube (1996) concluded that the use of multiple measures of susceptibility was not warranted, and that the "rational" choice for a single measure of hypnotic susceptibility would be the SHSS:C.
Research with the EEG and Hypnotic Susceptibility
Brainwaves are the far-field electrical wave patterns set up by neurochemical activity in the living brain. The electroencephalograph (EEG) is an instrument which can measure this activity and determine its strength (higher or lower amplitude) and speed (high or low frequency). Scientists have characterized brainwaves into four broad categories: (a) beta, brainwaves above 13 cycles per second (or hertz), indicative of active consciousness; (b) alpha, a slower brainwave ranging from 8 to l2 hertz, characteristic of a relaxed conscious state of awareness; (c) theta, the next slower waves ranging from 4 to 8 hertz, often associated with dreamlike imagery and deep relaxation; (d) delta, the slowest waves from 0 to 4 hertz which can predominate during dreamless sleep.
The majority of early research with hypnosis shared a common goal: the development of a methodology to determine if, and when, an individual is hypnotized. The majority of early EEG research with hypnosis focused on the state of hypnosis, often attempting to distinguish the state of hypnosis from the state of sleep (Sabourin, 1982). Weitzenhoffer's 1953 review of studies utilizing the EEG with hypnosis concluded that hypnosis is perhaps more akin to light sleep than either deep sleep or the waking state.
A shift occurred in the late 1960's as researchers began investigating possible electrocortical correlates of hypnotic susceptibility using the EEG. The predominant focus in hypnosis research from this time forward was on individual differences rather that the hypnotic state per se. Much of the early research focused on alpha wave indices of hypnotic susceptibility. A review by Dumas (1977) found that no alpha-hypnotizability correlation existed in the general population. Additionally, a recent critical review by Perlini & Spanos (1991) offered little support for an alpha-hypnotizability relationship. Other early studies found greater resting theta wave activity with highly susceptible individuals (Galbraith, London, Leibovitz, Cooper & Hart, 1970; Tebecis, Provins, Farnbach & Pentony, 1975; Akpinar, Ulett, and ltil, 1971). Overall, the comparison of early EEG research proves difficult given the aggregate of technologies and methodologies employed over a span of time characterized by extreme variance in technological development.
Recent studies have reexamined the relationship between EEG measures and hypnotic susceptibility based on rigorous subject screening and control, along with enhanced recording and analytic techniques. Sabourin, Cutcomb, Crawford, and Pribram (1990) found highly hypnotizable subjects to generate substantially more mean theta power than did low hypnotizable subjects in frontal, central, and occipital derivations during resting nonhypnotic baseline, with largest differences observed in the frontal (F3, F4) locations. According to a review by Crawford and Gruzeiler (1992), theta activity, which is strongly and positively related to hypnotic susceptibility, is the most consistent EEG correlate of hypnotic susceptibility. The results of a recent study by Graffin, Ray & Lundy (1995) indicate that highly hypnotizable subjects demonstrate significantly more theta activity in frontal (F3, F4) and temporal (T3, T4) areas in comparison to low hypnotizable subjects at baseline measures. The studies by Sabourin et al. (1990) and Graffin et al. (1995) are alike in that each employed fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and power spectral analysis of monopolar EEG derivations, which allows for the examination of activity within each component frequency of each EEG epoch.
The position which is most supported in the contemporary literature is a consistent pattern of EEG activity which can differentiate individuals according to standardized hypnotic susceptibility scores. It is suggested that high-susceptible individuals produce more anterior theta activity as compared to low-susceptible individuals. This baseline individual difference is an important neuropsychophysiological indicator of hypnotizability and could prove to be a more stable individual difference measure than standard psychometric measures (Graffin et al., 1995).
Theta Waves and Perceptual Variations
The relationship between theta activity and selective attentional processes lends further support to a coexistent relationship with hypnotizability. The concepts of Class I and Class 11 inhibition have been presented by Vogel, Broverman, & Klaiber (1968). Class I inhibition is described as being correlated with a general inactivity or drowsiness, whereas Class 11 inhibition is related to more efficient and selective attentional processes. The Class 11 concept of slow wave activity is described by Vogel et al. (1968) as "a selective inactivation of particular responses so that a continuing excitatory state becomes directed or patterned (p. 172)". Sabourin et al. (1990) suggested that the theta activity observed in highly hypnotizable subjects reflects involvement in greater absorptive attentional skills. As in the Sabourin et al. (1990) study, Graffin et al. (1995) provide suggestions regarding the selective attentional component of theta: "high hypnotizables either possess, or can manifest, a heightened state of attentional readiness and concentration of attention" (p. 128). The relationship between greater attentional readiness and frontal theta has also been suggested in psychophysiological studies (Bruneau et al., 1993; Ishihara & Yoshii, 1972; Mizuki et al., 1980). Another possible supportive line of research involves the examination of psychological absorption and hypnotizability relationships. Studies have found absorption to be consistently correlated with hypnotizability (Glisky, Tataryn, Tobias, Kihlstrom, & McConkey, 1991; Nadon, Hoyt, Register, & Kihlstrom, 1991; Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974). In a review of psychological correlates of theta, Schacter (1977) described the relationship between the hypnagogic state and the presence of low voltage theta activity. Green & Green (1977) described the theta state as that of reverie and hypnogogic imagery. They employed theta neurofeedback training to induce quietness of body, emotions, and mind, and to build a bridge between the conscious and unconscious. In describing theta EEG brainwave biofeedback, the Life Sciences Institute of Mind-Body Health (1995) associated increased theta activity with "states of reverie that have been known to creative people of all time" (p. 4).
Considering these findings related to theta activity, a relationship between individual levels of hypnotizability, selective inhibition, hypnogogic reverie, and theta activity is more easily understood. Relatively high theta activity may be indicative of a characteristic brainwave pattern which reflects an underlying cognitive mechanism that relates to a type of selective inhibition and hypnogogic imagery.
Research with Neurofeedback Training
Neurofeedback training works on the brain's ability to produce certain brainwaves the way exercise works to strengthen muscles. EEG biofeedback instruments show the kinds of brainwaves an individual is producing, making it possible for that individual to learn to manipulate the observed brainwaves.
Demonstrated individual success acquiring the ability to self-regulate characteristic brainwave patterns is evident in the neurofeedback literature. Various protocols have been employed by many practitioners to enhance both relaxation (an increase in production of slow waves, such as theta, and a decreased production of fast beta waves) and mental activity (a decrease production of excessive slow wave, such as delta and lower frequency theta; with an increase in the production of 'fast" beta waves). An impressive number of recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of brainwave neurofeedback training. The work by Peniston and others with individuals with alcohol abuse issues (Peniston & Kulkosky, 1989, 1990, 1991; Saxby and Peniston, 1995) has provided remarkable results. Peniston has shown 13 month follow-up relapse rates of 20% (compared to 80% using conventional medical training), significant reductions in Beck Depression Inventory scores, and decreased levels of beta-endorphin in subjects treated with Alpha-Theta brainwave training. The area of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received strong attention from neurofeedback researchers (Barabasz & Barabasz, 1995; Lubar, 1991; Rossiter & Vaque, 1995). Lubar's work has provided strong support for the effectiveness of a protocol designed for Beta-training (16-20 Hz) and Theta inhibition (4-8Hz ), with 80% of 250 treated children showing grade point average improvements of 1.5 levels (range 0-3.5) (Lubar, 1991). Objective assessments of the efficacy of neurofeedback training for ADHD have shown significant improvements on the Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.) scales and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) IQ scores with subjects who demonstrated significant decreases in theta activity across sessions (Lubar, Swaamod, Swartwood, & O'Donnell, 1995). Additional studies with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with Vietnam veterans (Peniston, 1990; Peniston & Kulkosky, 1991; Peniston, Marrinan & Deming, 1993) have provided unprecedented results with a condition often very resistant to training with other interventions.
The work by Ochs (1994) with the use of light and sound feedback of EEG frequencies, EEG disentrainment feedback (EDF), is also promising in terms of modification of EEG patterns. However, unlike traditional EEG biofeedback, with Dr. Ochs' device there is no need for the individual to be consciously involved in the process. The visual and auditory stimuli respond to and match the individual's brainwaves and these stimuli are in turn generated by the overall frequency of the individual's brainwaves. The aptitude of this system is the capacity for the clinician to alter the feedback frequencies upward or downward, in effect, providing flexibility into a "set" or "characteristic" brainwave pattern.
The flexibility of individual neurofeedback training is evident in the various approaches designed to intensify certain types of EEG activity either by itself, or to intensify certain types of EEG activity and decrease other types of EEG activity occurring at the same time. Overall, the relatively high number of recent neurofeedback training studies with consistent positive results strongly demonstrate the changes in cognitive and behavioral variables resulting from the alteration of individual brainwave patterns.
Research with Binaural-Beat Sound Stimulation
Binaural-beat stimulation is an important element of a patented auditory guidance system developed by Robert A. Monroe. In fact, Robert Monroe has been granted several patents for applications of psychophysical entrainment via sound patterns in (Atwater, 1997). In the patented process referred to as Hemi-Sync®, individuals are exposed to factors including breathing exercises, guided relaxation, visualizations, and binaural beats. Extensive research within the Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, which has documented physiological changes associated with Hemi-Sync use, along with consistent reports of thousands of Hemi-Sync users, appears to support the theory that the Hemi-Sync process encourages directed neuropsychophysiological variations (Atwater, 1997).
The underlying premise of the Hemi-Sync process is not unlike that adopted by many EEG neurofeedback therapists, that an individuals' predominant state of consciousness can be reflected as a homeostatic pattern of brain activity (i.e., an individual differential bandwidth activity within the EEG spectrum) and can often be resistant to variation. Atwater (1997) reported that practitioners of the Hemi-Sync process have observed a state of hypnagogia or experiences of a kind of mind-awake/body asleep state associated with entrainment of the brain to lower frequencies (delta and theta) and with slightly higher-frequency entrainment associated with hyper suggestive states of consciousness (high theta and low alpha). In line with current EEG research relating to ADHD (see Lubar,1991), Hemi-Sync researchers have noted deep relaxation with entrainment of the brain to lower frequencies and increased mental activity and alertness with higher frequency entrainment. The Monroe Institute has been refining binaural-beat technology for over thirty years and has developed a variety of applications including enriched learning, improved sleep, relaxation, wellness, and expanded mind-consciousness states (Atwater, 1997).
Binaural beat stimulation can be further understood by considering how we detect sound sources in daily life. Incoming frequencies or sounds can be detected by each ear as the wave curves around the skull by detraction. The brain perceives this differential input as being "out of phase", and this waveform phase difference allows for accurate location of sounds. Stated simply, less noise is heard by one ear, and more by the other. The capacity of the brain to detect a waveform phase difference also enables it to perceive binaural beats (Atwater, 1997). The presentation of waveform phase differences (different frequencies), which normally is associated with directional information, can produce a different phenomenon when heard with stereo headphones or speakers. The result of presenting phase differences in this manner is a perceptual integration of the signals; the sensation of a third "beat" frequency (Atwater, 1997). This perception of the binaural-beat is at a frequency that is the difference between the two auditory inputs.
Binaural beats can easily be heard at the low frequencies (<30 Hz) that are characteristic of the EEG spectrum (Austere, 1973). This perception of the binaural-beat is associated with an EEG frequency following response (FFR). This phenomenon is described by Atwater (1997) as EEG activity which corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the stimulus, such as binaural-beat stimulation.
The sensation of auditory binaural beating occurs when two coherent sounds of nearly similar frequencies are presented one to each ear with stereo headphones or speakers. Originating in the brainstem's superior olivary nucleus, the site of contralateral integration of auditory input (Oster, 1973), the audio sensation of binaural beating is neurologically conveyed to the reticular formation (Swann, Bosanko, Cohen, Midgley & Seed, 1982) and the cortex where it can be observed as a frequency-following response with EEG equipment. The word reticular means 'net-like' and the neural reticular formation itself is a large, net-like diffuse area of the brainstem (Anch, et al. 1988).
Important Terms, Conditions, and Disclaimer
Hemi-Sync® is a registered trademark of Interstate Industries Inc. Hemi-Sync®images and specifically related content is © 2003 Monroe Products, all rights reserved;displayed with permission of The Monroe Institute and Interstate Industries Inc.


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Till recently I belonged to the 'I hate Valentine's Day' club. Not anymore. :) I want to celebrate every cliche I can think of. I am going overboard I know, but what the heck, right? You only live once and if you have someone in your life whom you love deeply and madly, Read More »
BOXOFSPICE turns one + loss of memory!
I used to have my boss's entire phone book in my head. Back when I was a graphic designer + personal assistant + office administrator. I used to be able to memorise entire course books fitted with all the comma's and periods in all the right places. That was way back when I was Read More »
Hazelnut Fig Tart with Honey Ginger Syrup
The last weeks I have seen figs everywhere. As I sat trying to think of what to post next, the figs relentlessly followed me everywhere I went. As kids, mom always gave us dried figs. It was always the healthiest fruit, we got told. Rich in everything you can imagine. Mom used to Read More »


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My guy friend that I hang out with tells me 3-4 days a week that he wants to "be alone" after him and I hang out for a couple of hours. I can see that he's tired during the week and gets up early for work, but on a Friday night, we go out to dinner and then he wants to go home and get to bed early, but then ends up staying out all night and doesn't come home because he wants to "be alone"? Where the hell do you go all night to "be alone"? Should I believe him when he says "I stayed at my buddy's house"?
What does it mean when a guy says he wants to "be alone" and not hang out with me?
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I am sorry
how long have you been hanging out?
I only know last year, when my guy-friend started to tell me he wanted to be alone , then we hung out less and less, then he told me he wanted to figure out his life and we shouldn't see each other too often , then he told me he talked with his ex very excitedly and they wanted to have another try, then I walked away.
you can ask him if you are comfortable with that, and protect yourself from being hurt so badly.
that is only my experience, maybe your guy friend is not that jackass, we just misunderstand him. you can also be optimistic.
Good luck and bless you too00|00|0
Thanks for answering my question. We've been hanging out on and off for 2 years. During that time I dated someone else and then he dated someone else. He got that person pregnant and I've been hanging out with him and his baby during the week. But when he doesn't have his son, he wants to be alone or he says he wants to go to bed early.
He's so good at lying, that everything he says I want to believe!
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Gene Chague | Berkshire Woods and Waters: Returning home from another fishing trip
By the time you read this column, I should be arriving home from a fly fishing trip to Labrador, Canada. I thought I was all done with these trips as the body is getting a little older and those big Canadian river currents seem to be pushing a little harder. But fishing buddy Mike Shepard, of Dalton, twisted my arm with an enticement of a greatly reduced cost to stay in a famous lodge on the Minipi River.
I'm getting a little skeptical about these fishing trips. It seems that something drastic always happens on them. Frequently they don't turn out to be ho-hum trips filled with memories of beautiful weather and lots of cooperating fish.
In fact, my first fishing trip to Canada was to Cape Breton in Nova Scotia. My wife Jan and I decided to spend our honeymoon camping along the Cheticamp River to fly fish for Atlantic salmon there and on the famous Margaree River. Well, it turned out there was a drought and the waters were too low on the Cheticamp and the river was closed to fishing. Don't you know, no sooner had we set up our small tent than the rains starting coming in off the North Atlantic. It was endless, and after three days everything in our tent was soaked. Jan got very cold and I began to fear that I would become a widower only five days into our marriage. We rented a warm motel room and spent the rest of our trip sightseeing.
Then there was the trip to Quebec to fish a large river. After our float plane landed at our destination camp, we got out of the de Havilland plane by stepping out onto the pontoon and jumping as far as we could toward shore. I made a wonderful jump, but the only problem was that my face collided with the tail of the plane — resulting in a couple of chipped teeth and a swollen nose for several days.
Then there was that time when four of us flew into a camp on the Eagle River in Labrador. After the plane landed and we were floating down the river, we had to step out of the plane onto the pontoon and then leap into a 16-foot boat. That boat had a 14 horsepower outboard motor and the guide navigated up the strong current as far as we could until we met another 16-foot guide boat with a 30 horsepower motor to take us up even stronger currents. We had to get out of our boat and climb into that boat all while drifting down the river. The bigger boat barely made it up through the strong rapids until we got to our camp. There was only one water logged life preserver on the floor of that boat.
I must admit we did catch 14 salmon grilse in the five-pound category the first three days. But then the rains began further inland and within a day or two, the river rose eight feet where we were. An island that had a picnic table chained to a tree was completely under water. For the next three days until we left, we couldn't fish.
Then there was that fishing trip to Alberta in late August one year. A heavy snow storm came in and crippled the area, knocking out power in all the towns. It was nearly impossible to fish. Gas stations, grocery stores, package stores, etc. were all closed due to lack of power. The bed and breakfast where we stayed also lost power. One good thing about it was that the food in their freezer began to thaw and they had to serve up their elk steaks, roasts, etc. Although we couldn't fish, we certainly ate well.
On another trip to Alberta, Mike and I got caught in a cattle drive. There we were driving down the dusty road in our small rental car, completely surrounded by hundreds of steer galloping along beside us accompanied by cowboys and cowgirls.
Another scary time in Alberta was when a big grizzly bear took a liking to Mike and followed him down the river until they came upon me. Some friend, eh?
Then there were the two years fishing the famous rivers near Missoula, Mont. where there were bad forest fires, some of them just across the river from us. Helicopters were filling their big buckets with water from the holes that we were trying to fish in Rock Creek.
Hoping to have a fairly tame fishing trip, Mike and I decided to fish the AuSable River in the Adirondacks near Lake Placid, N.Y. Unfortunately, two teenagers drowned just before we got there. They recovered one and they were still searching for the second with helicopters and kayaks. We felt terrible for the distraught mother who was staying at our motel awaiting recovery of her son's body.
Then there was that last trip to northern Quebec where we had a drunken French Canadian guide who had just been released from prison and who carried a knife on his hip. That's when a black bear tried to break into our cabin at night. That was also the trip when Mike Miller, from Athol, and his son Darren were stranded on waters in the middle of nowhere. The plane that brought them there took out some of the fishermen but the weather was so bad it couldn't return to get them until the next day, after the storm abated.
I must be a glutton for punishment, for off to Canada I went again. Hopefully we caught lots of big brook trout and the weather was gorgeous. I'll let you know how we did...if I survive the trip.
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You might think it's Out of Touch to see Four Little Diamonds jump in a car, exercise a degree of Self Control and then Kiss the Dirt in a back alley following a botched hand over, but, Call Me Old Fashioned, I live for this stuff—especially when it's been remastered.
P.S. Yes, they were all song titles from Flash FM in #GrandTheftAuto Vice City.
P.P.S. Yes, I was referring to the opening of Vice City and the fact that it's just been remastered.
P.P.P.S. You should watch it now.
GTA: Vice City Never Looked So Fine
With GTA V being its usual crazy self and its VR short movie having recently taken us all by storm, there's been a resurgence of love for Rockstar's latest masterpiece. However, as the YouTube account Majami Hiroz: Welcome to the '80s just confirmed, some things will never top Vice City.
Looking mighty fine, GTA. Mighty fine. Have some screenshots, ya'll.
If a remaster was made, would I pay $60 to play it? What do you think!
How much do you want a Vice City remaster?
Looking for some more awesome content? Why not check out this video giving you some damn fine info on speed run challenges that you probably never knew!


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Heavenly Father, we pray this week for the coming year. In this year of uncertainty we pray that the super powers, the United States and Russia will cease their sabre rattling and work towards peace in the whole world. We pray that the conflicts in Syria and Yemen will come to an end and that our Christian brothers and sisters in the Middle East will no longer be persecuted. We pray for the people of mainland Europe and the United Kingdom that they will be spared the horror of terrorism as witness last year in Nice, Paris, Brussels and Berlin. Our overwhelming desire Lord is that peace can be enjoyed by all peoples. We pray for our own country and our own community of Radcliffe on Trent. We pray for St. Mary's and for St. Peter and St. Paul's Shelford that the vacancy for a new vicar will not be lengthy and that whoever comes will continue to grow our churches for everyone in faith and love. Amen.
Readings (or as shown in service sheet)
1st Reading Galatians Chapter 4 verses 4 - 7
Gospel Reading Luke Chapter 2 verses 15 - 21
BISHOP TONY – On Sunday 15th January Bishop Tony will be officiating at both the 9.00 am Holy Communion service and also the 10.30 am Holy Communion service. You might like to make a note in your diary so that you do not miss these services. (Not the 17th January as shown in last week's Pews News.)
GRAEME'S INDUCTION HOLY TRINITY CHURCH COVENTRY –Please note that the coach will leave from outside the Grange at 4.30 pm Wednesday 11th January for Graeme's induction. The service will not include Holy Communion so we are likely to return earlier than at first anticipated. Such details will be relayed to you during the journey to Coventry. Sue Megahy and Martin Skeffington
SERVICES LEADING UP TO & DURING THE VACANCY – Please keep an eye on Pews News, LINK or our Website to check on the services. There will be only one midweek service on the Thursday during the week between Christmas and the New Year. Rev. Canon Keith Turner will be officiating at this morning's 10.30am service.
ARTICLES FOR PEWS NEWS – Please when you are submitting articles for Pews News could you include your contact telephone number and if you have one an email address. This is to help new members of St. Mary's identify who the person is if they have a need to get in touch with him or her.
OLYMPIC'S QUIZ - The winners of the Olympic's Quiz are Mrs. Pat Thompson and Mr. J Parry. Thank you to all who took part and helped raise a total of £118 for the church roof repairs. The answers will be published in the January LINK. Mary Dawdry
JOSEPH AND HIS TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT - (5.00pm Sat 29th April) We now have the tickets reserved for those who signed up. Please could you make your cheques payable to St Mary's PCC R-o-T and give them to myself by January 22nd. Those, who booked for the stalls owe £28 each, and those in the rear balcony owe £16 each. Thanks. Jude McLauchlan.
EAST BINGHAM (MUSTARD SEED) PRAYER GROUP –. The next meeting is 2pm Tuesday 17th January at the Cranmer Centre Aslockton. Please come and join us to help pray for God's blessing on our clergy, churches and the communities they serve. If you would like to pray at home for our Area Dean Rev'd Bronwen Gamble and the Deanery, do speak to Stella Holbrook or Jude McLauchlan.
ST. MARY'S CHRISTMAS LUNCH - A favourable forecast thankfully: no ice, snow or rain to cope with this year! We had new friends to meet (both guests and volunteers) and old friends to greet. On Christmas Eve our helpers (age range 6 to 90) peeled, chopped and chatted, decked the halls with trees, tinsel and lights. They set the tables with red & gold - it looked a treat. Mince pies, mints and Christmas cake on site, glasses and drinks at the ready, Christmas vegetables prepped and turkeys delivered, we could relax until the big day. Christmas day 10.00 am, hugs and Christmas kisses as the team arrives. Lights, ovens and hostess trolleys on, kettle on - let's get down to business! After the Church service, the first guests were welcomed and the drivers went out to collect more. Glasses filled, happy chatter abounds. By 12.30 everyone is here and seated. The usual safety drill over, we thanked God for his provision and this joyful opportunity to celebrate the birth of his Son Jesus. Lunch was served and our cooks have worked their usual magic. Every course was delicious, and just enough room for a mince pie with coffee or tea? We sang carols, had a visit from Santa and watched the Queen. A very happy (and full) bunch of people went home with a Christmas present and light supper to enjoy later. Many thanks go to everyone who helped in any way - (you know who you are!), and especially to Kevin & Toni at Fruiticious for supplying our fruit and vegetables again. Cori Cryer
SOUP LUNCH (FOOD FOR THOUGHT) – there will be a soup lunch on Thursday 5th January in the Methodist Church Hall starting at 12 noon. The cost will be £3.50 and money raised will go to charity. If successful, soup lunches will continue on the first Thursday of every month. For further details please contact Judy and Roger Holborrow
COFFEE POT – Coffee Pot will reopen as normal in the New Year from Tuesday 3rd January 2017. Martin Skeffington
MESSY CHURCH – Messy Church is looking for volunteers to help with the crafts – people who have ideas for the particular theme that Messy Church is promoting at the time. If you feel you have the talent to help with this rewarding ministry, please speak to either Cori Cryer or Christine Skeffington .
PEWS NEWS – As an effort to save time, paper and money with effect from the first Sunday in February I shall be sending out copies of Pews News electronically to everyone in St. Mary's who has an email address. If you prefer to have a paper copy you will have to let me know. Another advantage is that if you are by any chance away from church on a particular Sunday you will not miss out on any notices. Martin Skeffington
AN ECUMENICAL BEREAVEMENT LISTENING PLACE - A monthly Bereavement Listening & Information (BL&I) hour for all who need it in the community, is to be set up, in memory of Ian McLean, next year. It will start on January 11th 2017, the second Wednesday of the month at 11.00am, in the St. Anne's meeting room (Costa as a reserve). If there are sufficient volunteers, a Monday could also be offered.
If you would like to be involved in any way, please contact either:-
Iris McLean, (St. Mary's)
Christine Anderson (Methodists)
Celia Radcliffe (St. Anne's)


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Bischoff on CCW: "It was important to me that our series allow the audience to see just what an art form our genre of entertainment is," Bischoff wrote regarding CCW…Based on all the positive feedback we have received from wrestling fans, I think we are on the right track."
On Plaxico Burress and the NFL: "Plaxico Burress has to be the dumbest (current) ass in the league. Seriously, how stupid can one player be? I was a big fan of his during his rookie season and his rise in the Steeler system. But stupid doesnâ<80><99>t begin to describe someone that brings a concealed weapon into an establishment that serves alcohol. His excuse? That he was carrying a lot of cash and was wearing expensive jewelry."
On Politics: "The State of Minnesota should lose any rights to participate in national elections. First Jesse Ventura, now the Al Franken skit. Lets keep the comedy to the local level."
Have a news tip? Attended an event and want to send a live report?


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Discussion in 'For Sale or Trade' started by Fed Kennedy, Feb 25, 2012.
I have an 4 3/8th k90 in 7.5 cond will trade for rd7 in 4 3/8.
I have many good refs.
Fed k
Still available. Will trade for vcore 98d
RDiS 100 MP
Would you consider a trade for the Yonex RDiS 100 MP? I have two that are in basically brand new condition. L3 Grip Size.
I will pass. Rd7 or vcore preferred. Thanks.
RDC Machine
Fed Kennedy -
I think you know of a tennis shop with an RDC machine somewhere in the Bay Area??? If so, can you kindly share with me? I am trying to match a bunch of racquets and it's clear that static weight and balance alone are not enough.
Thanks -
Separate names with a comma.


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Starring :
Starring : Jenna Manuel
Starring : Veronica Rodriguez
Starring : Tiffany Brandon
Starring : Lisa, Max
Xart friends are:
Watch the famous Wow Girls the official website is here >>
Nubiles new project is called Nubile Films! check it out here!!
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All models appearing on this website are over the age of 18. 2257


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He drugs him
Most Helpful Guy
Not gonna happen. Like, not a chance. Which begs the question: why don't you select a new target audience?10|10|0
Most Helpful Girl
By not going into explicit details and, to be safe, probably only hinting as to what happened.
You can give details further on, but don't do it all in one big hit, there would be so many trigger issues, and it would not be considered appropriate for a young adult story.
I could be completely wrong but in my experience, in all the books I've read, (and I've read a shit tonne) any book that goes into that kind of detail get's shifted from young adult, to mature aged readers, which is usually confusing because you can tell by the style of writing who the audience is supposed to be, and it isn't until you get to something explicit like that that you realise why it's not a YA category.
So yeah, especially because the boy is under age, allude to the fact, do not detail it.00|00|0
And yes, I have learned this from experience XD I used to go REAL dark in my writing, and thought, cause I was young, that meant it was okay for other young people!
... nope. No it wasn't.
I used to write things similar to what you've described, not exact, but along those lines. Makes me sick to read back over my writing now, but I know how good it can feel getting it out on paper.
Just so glad I've moved onto less triggering topics.
Good luck with your writing!


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User review on Bajaj CT 100 written by (Guest) on 2015-08-16 17:13:04
(Guest) 's Rating
Design (Exterior/Interior)
Inside Comfort
Driving Comfort
Performance & Safety
Bike variant reviewed for: Bajaj CT 100
Year of Manufacture: 2015 | Driven no. of Kms. : 16000
- Pros: strong and durable
- Cons: self start
Full Review:
I am a teacher by profession and I live in the outskirts of the village. I have to travel about 80km everyday to come to my office and I thin that no other bike will be as good as this one. This bike has a mileage of 80kmpl and a top speed of 60. I also carry my wife and my child along with me but I don??™t have any problem in driving as it has a long seat to accommodate us.
About Bajaj CT 100
- Versions Bajaj CT 100
- Questions Bajaj CT 100
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- Reviews Bajaj CT 100
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Born in Scranton, son of the late Robert and Mary Condon Morgan, he graduated from the University of Scranton and founded Willow Street School.
Surviving are daughter Megan and husband Geoffrey Millar of Salem, MA; grandson Jack; stepdaughter Brandy and husband Benjamin Cornbower of York; granddaughter Isabella; and two brothers, Robert and wife Barbara of Scranton, and Thomas and wife Sandra of Lancaster.
At his request, Wayne was cremated and there will be no services


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Jazz Bassist Simon Fisk Live
In 1. Jazz | no comments yet | permalink
Canadian jazz live
Simon Fisk Quartet to Appear at the Yardbird
Calgary bassist Simon Fisk appears at Edmonton's Yardbird Suite this Saturday for a concert performance with his quartet. The bassist will be joined for the concert by pianist Chris Gestrin, guitarist Aaron Young, and drummer Kenten Loewen.
Fisk is known for his skillful fingering and a harmonic and melodic style, his composition and work as a leader have earned him wide recognition since his solo career began in 1993. He has released two CD's and a video with The Simon Fisk Trio, and continues to maintain a busy performance schedule.
His latest group, a quartet formed by a mix of Calgary and Vancouver greats, masterfully articulates Fisk's writing style drawn from his passion for songwriters and sonic masters Daniel Lanois, Tom Waits, Wilco, Radiohead, and Beck. The new music has a very powerful spiritual overtone with acoustic grooves, open improvisation, noise and electronics. The quartet's release of their new CD You and Yours is due to hit the shelves this month.
for more information visit www.simonfisk.com
Saturday, September 23
Simon Fisk Quartet
Simon Fisk – bass, Chris Gestrin – piano. Aaron Young – guitar, Kenten Loewen – drums
Yardbird Suite / Edmonton
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Regardless of the serious crisis he has with his wife, he still thought it wise as a doting father to wish his children happy birthday in advance .
He stated that no matter how big the boy grows , he will still remain the youngest , dearest and smartest of all.
According to him ,"No matter how much you grow up, for me you are going to remain the youngest, the dearest and the smartest ..June 18th is all about you and your sister BOLUWATIFE GENTRY…HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO U BOTH".
Meanwhile , Nollywood actress, Mercy Aigbe has also moved out of her matrimonial home an indication that she is no longer interested in the marriage.
Happy birthday in advance to Boluwatife Debby Gentry who will turn 19 and to Michael who will be 7.


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181 freebies up for grabs
Posted by Matt_Garrett in Free Stuff
There's another massive giveaway under way with over 180 free downloads for you!
here's a few of the best freebies on offer that caught my eye (and got downloaded to my pc): –
RSS Feed Submitter
Residual Traffic System
create your own video product
The SEO Edge
Gimp Video Tutorial
Cashing in on Giveaways
eWriter Pro PDF creator
and I haven't finished going through the list yet!
If you've got you're own subscriber list and want to be a JV partner for this giveaway then check out this link instead:


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Filters & Florals
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