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National Trust - Finest Gardens Throughout The Year
Release Date: 05 February 2007
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This DVD gives unprecedented access to six of The National Trust's finest gardens and to the head gardeners who create, manage and maintain them. The gardens are Sissinghurst, Biddulph Grange, Knightshayes, Powis Castle, Cotehele and Trengwainton. Each garden has its own unique character, majesty and beauty. The DVD takes the viewer on a journey through each of the four seasons showing how the gardens grow and change during the course of the year, but also what special techniques and skills the head gardeners use to keep them all looking so wonderful.A truly fantastic spectacle and one that also helps all of us to become better gardeners. What an amazing way to find out more about the love of gardening.
Release Date: 05 February 2007
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Catalogue No: DBFSNT021


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Regardless of what your current income level is or where you live, you may be looking for a wonderful way to save money and reduce the burden of expenses in your budget. After all, who would not love to find a way to keep more of their hard-earned money in their hands each month? There are many commonly known ways to cut back on spending. For example, you can avoid paying high prices at restaurants and prepare your own meals at home, or you can adjust the thermostat to save money on the heating of your home and cooling expense. However, beyond these commonly known options, there may be some very easy ways that you can save a considerable amount of money each month.
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Ex-Google Worker Wins Day In Court In Age Bias Fight
The high court's unanimous opinion affirmed an appeals court's decision to reject the so-called stray comments doctrine in the suit brought by Brian Reid, an ex-director of operations and engineering whom Google fired when he was 54 years old.
"They said the remarks about him being too old...
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Distro=Debian Sarge
When I type www.mydomain.net it resolves but ends up adding a directory to it:
Because I'm a paranoid nut and finally have the distro up and running. I was wondering how to stop it from adding the directory the proper way. Would deleting it be enough or do I risk messing something up?
I also have php and mysql running is there anything in the apache2.conf file that needs to me added or changed? The reason I ask is with apache 1.3 (on another install) there are lines in httpd.conf that were added. I pretty much followed the instructions for woody at www.falkotimme.com (Debian Setup) but now with sarge I thought I would ask here.
One last thing under debian woody apache 1.3 I was able to intall webalizer and then pretty much had http://www.mydomain.net/webalizer show my stats. Now I have an empty webalizer directory under apache 2.
.....Really could use the help sorry and thanks.


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Purchase Book
Table of Contents
Journal Article
Software Simulation
Directory of Names
Fiction and Poetry
Contact Victor
Return to Home
Download the complete PDF.
Critique of Black-Scholes "Black Swan" Problem
The Black-Scholes model of the market for an equity makes the following explicit assumptions:
I am an economist by training and spent 25 years in the banking industry. I have personally sat in loan committee meetings and had bank examiners demand that we "not discriminate against low and moderate income borrowers." Never mind that the reason they are low and moderate income in the first place is their inability to make good financial decisions... like establishing a steady work history, paying bills on time, living within their means, obeying the law, buying insurance to guard against catastrophic illness or property loss, (women) having multiple children with multiple men. And on, and on.
The CRA was well intentioned, and lawmakers from both sides of the aisle rightly noted the positive effects that homeownership can have on a society. The problem was, these middle and upper class lawmakers made the erroneous assumption that if you put poor people in houses, they would suddenly start behaving like financially responsible middle class people. All of a sudden lawnmowers would replace lottery tickets and backyard barbeques would take the place of drive by shootings. Alas, these hopes for change were empty promises as they always are, and borrowers who had to get their down payments from "third party non-profit agencies" (by the way, someone always makes a profit, otherwise why are they in it) had nothing to fall back on when the hot water heater broke or the roof leaked. The houses fell into disrepair and by the time the foreclosure papers were posted, the occupants and hopes of any recovery by the lender long gone. But the originating lender didn't care... the loan had been sold, not their problem any more!
There is more blame to go around... mortgage companies and builders soon realized there was money being printed and there sprung up companies that specialized in getting subprime borrowers into low cost (and low quality) housing. You probably heard them advertising on the radio and saw the ads in the Sunday paper. Did you ever wonder what kind of people would need a no-doc loan? And who would be stupid enough to make such a loan? I think we all know the answer to that now... the ultimate lender was of course Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, the original loan having long since been sold by the originating bank. All that bad paper, and Franklin Raines out the back door with his suitcase full of money...
Here, Suzy is referring to the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) that was passed in 1977, four years after Black and Scholes introduced their groundbreaking axiomatic system. In 1994 the Policy Statement on Discrimination in Lending set severe penalties for banks that refused to steer loans to people based on their ethnicity. From 1994 until the housing market collapsed a decade later, banks were not allowed to operate as businesses but rather were required to implement an experiment in social engineering.
Clearly, the Community Reinvestment Act and the Policy Statement on Discrimination in Lending flies in the face of Black and Scholes' first axiom by systematically discriminating against segments of the population in the distribution of credit. Contra Black and Scholes, it is NOT possible to borrow and lend cash at a known constant risk-free interest rate. Instead, loans are made on the basis of ethnicity and other non-economic factors, in spite of their known risks.
In reality, the distribution of credit has nothing to do with risk and everything to do with the government steering money to favored races and favored activities. For instance, a sedan with a trunk ornament that looks like it was stolen off the Red Baron's Fokker tri-plane costs about as much as a Bridgeport milling machine. But banks will loan money to buy the former, not the latter. Some activities, like putting minorities in McMansions, are favored and others, like starting small businesses, are just not. [Note]
In spite of the fact that one can hardly walk three blocks in Los Angeles without encountering a Korean-owned grocery store, Korean banks have in the past and continue to loan just about any of their citizens $10,000 to start a grocery store in America. Vietnamese banks will loan just about any of their citizens $10,000 to start a nail salon in America. How many American grocers, beauticians or machinists are being given a similar start in businesses here? None. But, if you have worked the checkout counter in a Korean-owned grocery for six months, you will have no difficulty finding a bank that will help you drive back and forth to your job in a four-wheel-drive pickup with 36" rims and a little ladder up to the cab. You're a big man now! Your congressman would be proud of you. Consumption accounts for two-thirds of GNP, you know.
In my 2004 Critique of Austrian Economics, I quote at length a passage from my 1999 book:
I assert that, during boom times, capital is being wasted by every company, from the largest multinational down to the smallest mom-and-pop outfit…
Thus, boom times are characterized by a transfer of capital from smaller companies to larger ones, and the big ones waste it. Also, while small businesses cannot get credit during a boom, home loans and car loans are easy to obtain, so a lot of capital is converted directly into consumer goods (1999, p. 160-161).


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Traveling Luck for Clyde Station, Texas, United States
Where is Clyde Station?What's around Clyde Station?
Wikipedia near Clyde Station
Where to stay near Clyde Station
The timezone in Clyde Station is America/Rankin_Inlet
Sunrise at 07:38 and Sunset at 18:01. It's light
Latitude. 32.3583°, Longitude. -99.5878°
Weather near Clyde Station; Report from Abilene, Abilene Regional Airport, TX 13.7km away
Weather :
Temperature: 13°C / 55°F
Wind: 18.4km/h South gusting to 27.6km/h
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 13°C / 55°F
Wind: 18.4km/h South gusting to 27.6km/h
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Clyde Station
Loading map of Clyde Station and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Clyde Station, in Texas, United States
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Henninger Lake (10.6km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 5 Reservoir (14.4km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 7 Reservoir (15.7km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 4a Reservoir (16.2km)
- Zoo Lake Number 1 (17.5km)
- Lake Kirby (17.5km)
- Kirby Lake (17.9km)
- R J Griffith Lake (18km)
- Zoo Lake Number 2 (18km)
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Henninger Lake Dam (10.6km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 5 Dam (14.4km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 7 Dam (15.7km)
- Soil Conservation Service Site 4a Dam (16.2km)
- Zoo Lake Number 1 Dam (17.5km)
- Lake Kirby Dam (17.5km)
- R J Griffith Dam (18km)
- Zoo Lake Number 2 Dam (18km)
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Clyde Station (0km)
- Potosi School (10.1km)
- Trinity Chapel Pentecostal Church of God (13.6km)
- Denton Valley School (14.1km)
- Oldham Lane Church of Christ (15.1km)
- West Texas Fairground (16.5km)
- Boys Ranch (18km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Eula Cemetery (5.5km)
- Seaton Cemetery (7.9km)
- Potosi Cemetery (9km)
- Saint Joachim Cemetery (13.7km)
- Old Colony Cemetery (14.8km)
- Abilene State Hospital Cemetery (16.3km)
Accommodation around Clyde Station
- tower;
- a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter.
- KTAB-TV (Abilene) (11.8km)
- KEAN-FM (Abilene) (11.8km)
- KEYJ-FM (Abilene) (12.6km)
- KGNZ-FM (Abilene) (18.1km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Bulldog Stadium (12.4km)
- P E Shotwell Center (16.6km)
- Grover Nelson Park (16.6km)
- Taylor County Expo Center (17.2km)
- oilfield;
- an area containing a subterranean store of petroleum of economic value.
- Elmdale Oil Field (13.7km)
- Three Aces Oil Field (17.9km)
- Box Oil Field (18km)
- airport;
- a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Zimmerle Airport (12.7km)
- Abilene Regional Airport (13.7km)
- Elmdale Airpark (15.2km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Clyde High School (13.3km)
- Clyde Junior High School (13.4km)
- basin;
- a depression more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent.
- Eagle Cove (10.8km)
- Lytle Cove (16km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Potosi United Methodist Church (9.1km)
- Lytle South Baptist Church (13.9km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Spring Creek (9.1km)
- Kaiser Creek (18km)
- gap;
- a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation.
- Lytle Gap (11.9km)
- hospital;
- a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated.
- Abilene State Hospital (17.9km)
- mountain;
- an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
- Eagle Mountain (12.8km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Clyde Station
- Eula, Texas city city o
- Potosi, Texas city city o
- Clyde, Texas city city o
- Abilene Regional Airport airport airport
- Abilene (Texas) city city e
- Baird (Texas)
- Impact, Texas city city o
- Buffalo Gap, Texas city city o
- Tuscola, Texas city city o
- Dyess Air Force Base airport airport
- Tye, Texas city city o
- Lawn, Texas city city o
- Hawley, Texas city city o
- Putnam, Texas city city o
- Novice, Texas city city o
- Merkel, Texas city city o
Airports close to Clyde Station
Abilene rgnl(ABI), Abilene, Usa (13.7km)
Dyess afb(DYS), Abilene, Usa (33.7km)
San angelo rgnl mathis fld(SJT), San angelo, Usa (182.5km)
Mineral wells(MWL), Mineral wells, Usa (194.9km)


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HONG KONG, June 18 (Reuters) - Hong Kong's Chow Tai Fook Jewellery Group Ltd said on Wednesday it has agreed to buy U.S.-based diamond jeweller Hearts on Fire Co for $150 million in a move to extend its high-end product range.
Chow Tai Fook, the world's largest jewellery retailer by market value, said in a statement it will buy 100 percent of the supplier of bridal and fashion jewellery from co-founder Glenn Rothman and other investors. Established in Boston in 1996, Hearts On Fire products are sold in 31 countries.
Hearts on Fire reported audited net sales of $104.8 million for 2013, up from $99.3 million a year earlier, Chow Tai Fook said. About 75 percent of its jewellery sales in 2013 were priced between $1,000 and $10,000, with the most of the remainder carrying price tags above $10,000.
Chow Tai Fook on Tuesday reported a 32 percent jump in its profit for the year ended March, helped by strong demand for gold products early last year. (Reporting by Donny Kwok; Editing by Kenneth Maxwell)


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Can Cerebrovascular Reactivity Be Measured With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?
Background and Purpose We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor the cerebral oxygenation changes during CO2 reactivity tests.
Methods Fifty healthy volunteers were examined (age range, 19 to 68 years). The monitored parameters were as follows: transcranial Doppler (TCD) time-averaged middle cerebral artery flow velocity end-tidal CO2 (Etco2); change in concentration of cerebral oxyhemoglobin (Hbo2), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), and total hemoglobin; mean arterial blood pressure; peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2); and extracranial tissue perfusion with the use of cutaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry. The examination protocol included both hypercapnia and hypocapnia. The cerebrovascular reactivity indexes were calculated as follows: TCD, relative change in flow velocity per 1 kPa increase in Etco2; NIRS, absolute change in Hbo2, Hb, and total hemoglobin concentration (micromoles per liter) per 1 kPa increase in Etco2.
Results Mean middle cerebral artery flow velocity was found to be 58 cm/s at a mean baseline Etco2 of 4.7 kPa. Mean cerebrovascular reactivities were as follows: TCD, 24%/kPa (SEM, 1.1); Hbo2, 2.06 μmol/L per kilopascal (SEM, 0.08); Hb, −0.63 μmol/L per kilopascal (SEM, 0.09); and total hemoglobin concentration, 1.44 μmol/L per kilopascal (SEM, 0.1). Statistical analysis revealed significant correlation between reactivities calculated with the use of NIRS and TCD (P<.001). Although some fluctuations were observed in Sao2 and laser-Doppler flux, they were not correlated with either Etco2 or NIRS.
Conclusions NIRS signal changes in Hbo2, Hb, and total hemoglobin concentration are very sensitive to alterations in Etco2, which are largely independent of extracranial tissue perfusion. NIRS may be developed as an alternative method for testing cerebrovascular reactivity and may be of particular clinical importance when the ultrasound window is poor.
The clinical importance of cerebrovascular reactivity testing is now recognized. Studies on hemodynamics in patients after head injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage and in those with carotid disease have shown that the state of cerebrovascular reactivity is associated with outcome.1 2 3 In some instances the reactivity has been used to direct the management of such patients.4
Several methods have been used to assess reactivity by measuring the response of the cerebral resistive vessels to physiological stimuli that affect tissue acidosis.5 Inhalation of 5% CO26 and intravenous administration of acetazolamide are commonly used.7 The quantification of the response of the blood vessels to the stimulus can be obtained by measuring cerebral blood flow,8 cerebral blood volume,9 or blood flow velocity.6 The ideal technique for testing should be simple, repeatable, and noninvasive. One technique that approaches these ideas is TCD.10 However, although the relative changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in the MCA provide an index of cerebrovascular reactivity,11 12 13 14 the accuracy and reliability of TCD have been questioned.15 16 17 The measurement of changes in blood flow may be biased, with some error introduced by small changes in diameter of the insonated vessels.16 18 19 In addition, blood flow velocity in the arteries of the circle of Willis may not detect the influence of extracranial-intracranial anastomoses. Finally, the insonation of the MCA is not possible in approximately 5% to 20% of patients.20 21
We have addressed these concerns by using the relatively new technique of NIRS, which is simple to apply and noninvasive.22 We have been encouraged by our own experience with NIRS in adults during carotid endarterectomy23 and in patients with severe head injury.24 It provides a real-time assessment of fluctuation in cerebral (Hbo2) and Hb and allows estimation of changes in cerebral blood volume.25 26 The principle of the technique has been described in detail.27 Briefly, the technique depends on the relative transparency of biological tissue to light in the infrared region, allowing the measurement of absorption by the key chromophores Hb and Hbo2. According to the Beer-Lambert law, changes in concentration of these chromophores are calculated. Summation of changes in Hbo2 and Hb produces values of changes in total hemoglobin concentration that are directly proportional to variations in regional cerebral blood volume.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the NIRS response to changing Etco2 concentration and compare it with TCD flow velocity reactivity to CO2.
Subjects and Methods
The study was approved by the local research ethics committee. Fifty healthy volunteers were examined (25 men and 25 women; age range, 19 to 68 years; median age, 32 years). The volunteers were recruited from the academic and hospital staff and from patients awaiting lumbar spinal surgery.
Monitoring Configuration
In a quiet environment, volunteers were asked to breathe through a face mask while a TCD (PC DOP 842; 2-Mhz probe) probe and NIRS (NIR 1000, Hamamatsu Photonics) optodes were attached to their heads (Fig 1⇓). The TCD probe was positioned at the temporal window and fixed with a head band. Two NIRS optodes were placed on the side of the TCD probe on the frontal region with the receiving probe 2 cm from the midline and 2 cm above the supraorbital ridge. The transmitting probe was placed 6 cm away toward the hairline. Probes were secured with adhesive tape, and a pressure bandage was applied beneath a lightproof cloth. The spectrometer was allowed to reach operating temperature for 1 hour and then to stabilize for approximately 10 minutes, after which the readings were normalized. Etco2 (901 Mk2, Morgan Instruments) was recorded continuously, as was Sao2 (pulse oximeter Multinex 4200, Datascope) and MABP (Finapres, Ohmeda 2300) with the use of an automated pressure cuff. Additionally, in 15 volunteers the superficial blood perfusion was monitored with the use of laser-Doppler flowmetry (MBF3D, Moor Instruments) with a cutaneous probe placed between two NIRS optodes and attached to the skin with adhesive plaster. The laser light wavelength required alteration by the company to avoid interference with NIRS (new laser diode wavelength, 635 nm).
Data Collection
Signals of ABP, flow velocity, Sao2, Etco2, and laser-Doppler flux were sampled at a frequency of 50 Hz and digitized with a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (DT 2814, Data Translation). ABP, flow velocity, Sao2, and Etco2 were calibrated in appropriate units, while laser-Doppler flux was measured in arbitrary units. A path length factor of 5.9328 and an intraoptode distance of 6 cm were adopted, and NIRS signals were recorded in micromoles per liter by an RS232 interface. Signals were filtered and averaged over consecutive 4-second periods. The software for on-line signal analysis29 summed the change in Hbo2 and Hb signals to give an estimate of changing total hemoglobin concentration. Spectral PI was calculated on-line as the amplitude of the fundamental harmonic of the flow velocity pulse waveform divided by the time-averaged flow velocity.12 The data were stored on an IBM personal computer for further off-line analysis.
CO2 Studies Protocol
The examination protocol consisted of five stages after baseline was established: baseline 0, 5 minutes of baseline recording; stage 1, 3 minutes of hyperventilation; stage 2, 5 minutes of rest period; stage 3, 5 minutes of increased Etco2; stage 4, 3 minutes of normal air respiration; and stage 5, 3 minutes of hyperventilation. A typical example of the examination recording is presented in Fig 2⇓.
The cerebrovascular reactivity indexes were calculated as follows: for TCD, percent change in flow velocity per 1 kPa change in Etco2; for NIRS, absolute change in Hbo2, Hb, and total hemoglobin concentration (micromoles per liter) per 1 kPa change in Etco2.
Statistical Analysis
To pool the data from all volunteers, changes in the measured parameters between hypocapnia and hypercapnia were calculated. The parameters flow velocity, laser-Doppler flux, and MABP were additionally normalized by the baseline values. The preprocessed data were then analyzed by linear regression with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Confidence intervals for reactivities were calculated with the use of t statistics. Normality of the data was verified with the use of normal probability plots and Lilliefors' test.
Data Exclusion and Adverse Effects
Two volunteers were excluded from the study: one with a very poor ultrasound window and the other with a very low hairline, which rendered proper positioning of NIRS probes impossible without a partial shave. There were no adverse effects of the examination on any of the volunteers.
The mean MCA flow velocity was found to be 58 cm/s (SEM, 1.5) at the mean baseline Etco2 of 4.7 kPa (SEM, 0.065). The mean PI was 0.49 (SEM, 0.01). Both flow velocity and PI were strongly correlated with Etco2 (Fig 3A⇓), and the correlation coefficients as well as the mean reactivities are presented in Table 1⇓.
Hbo2 and Hb Signals
All NIRS parameters were significantly correlated with CO2 (Fig 4⇓). The correlation coefficients as well as the mean reactivities calculated with Hbo2, Hb, and total hemoglobin are presented in Table 2⇓.
Correlation Between TCD and NIRS Parameters
Correlation analysis between reactivities calculated with NIRS and TCD showed significant (P<.001) convergence of these two methods of assessment (Fig 5⇓). Both flow velocity and PI were significantly correlated with the NIRS parameters. The actual values of correlation coefficients are given in Table 2⇑.
ABP Signal
MABP showed some tendency to increase during periods of hypercapnia in individual volunteers. However, the overall correlation of MABP and Etco2 was not significant (P>.2).
Sao2 Signal
Some minor changes were observed in peripheral saturation (SD, 1.6%); the overall correlation of Sao2 with Etco2 and NIRS parameters was not significant (Fig 6⇓).
Laser-Doppler Flux Signal
Although there have been some significant fluctuations noted in cutaneous laser-Doppler flux in some cases (particularly during the hyperventilation stage), these changes were not correlated with Etco2 (Fig 6⇑). Furthermore, the variation in laser-Doppler flux signals showed no relationship to NIRS changes during the reactivity study (P>.35).
Age Effect
There was no correlation between age and flow velocity reactivity. PI reactivity showed some tendency to decrease with age, but the correlation was statistically not significant (Table 3⇓). In contrast, Hbo2 and Hbdiff (defined as HbO2 minus Hb) demonstrated a significant decrease in CO2 reactivity at ages over 35 years (Table 3⇓, Fig 7⇓).
NIRS as a New Method for Cerebrovascular Reactivity Testing
This study adopts NIRS in the reflection mode (optodes placed on the same side of the head close to each other). Spatial and quantitative concerns surrounding NIRS in this mode are still not resolved. The technique measures changes in concentration from an unknown baseline. Despite this, absolute changes in the concentrations of chromophores (Hb and Hbo2) may still provide a useful clinical index. Our own experience in monitoring patients with severe head injuries shows that NIRS provides a more sensitive indicator of desaturation events in sedated patients with severe head injuries than the Sjo2 monitor.24 In the present study the main question we have addressed is whether absolute changes in hemoglobin concentration can be detected during CO2 stimulation and whether such changes are comparable among normal individuals.
The results of the study show that NIRS parameters react to changes of CO2 in a uniform fashion, with large increases in Hbo2 and smaller decreases in Hb concentrations. The very significant linear correlation between changes in Hb and HbO2 concentrations and TCD flow velocity indicates that interindividual variations in NIRS responses may be largely explained by differences in cerebrovascular reactivities. Thus, our own data support the notion that, even without knowledge of the reference baseline concentrations of hemoglobin, responses of Hbo2 and Hb to CO2 in healthy volunteers can be taken as indexes of cerebrovascular reactivity.
Assumptions of NIRS Reactivity Assessment
Our interpretation of the NIRS data has been based on certain assumptions. First, metabolic rate does not change during inhalation of CO2, and therefore changes in concentrations of Hb and Hbo2 are purely due to hemodynamic effect (changing diameter of the resistive vessels) providing that the cerebral perfusion pressure stays constant. Should metabolic rate change at all during excitation of CO2, the amount of consumed oxygen would change, and therefore the concentrations of Hbo2 and Hb would change as well, rendering the reactivity assessment unreliable. Fortunately, as Siesjö30 reported, there is no change in metabolic rate observed except very high levels of Paco2 (>11 kPa).
Second, the path length factor remains the same for all individuals. The quantification of the concentrations of chromophores requires a knowledge of the path length traveled by the light as it traverses the tissue. Because of the effect of scattering of light by the tissue, the actual distance covered by the light is greater than the geometric spacing between optodes by a (DPF).31 The average value of the DPF was measured in the adult head by the time-of-flight measurements of an ultrashort optical pulse through the tissue.28 This study showed that for interoptode distances higher that 2.5 cm, the DPF remains approximately constant, with changes in the geometric position of the probes, and that its interindividual variation is surprisingly very small (5.93±0.42 [SD]). A recent study by Duncan et al32 using phase-resolved spectroscopy produced slightly greater DPF values (6.26±0.88 at a wavelength of 807 nm); however, the difference was statistically not significant. Therefore, our assumption of a constant DPF is probably valid. The accuracy and reliability of the technique will increase when the DPF measurement facility is incorporated into the spectrometer. Phase-resolved spectroscopy seems to be a suitable technique for this purpose since the equipment needed to perform the measurements is potentially compact, and it takes only a few seconds to record path length from several wavelengths.32
Third, the behavior of NIRS parameters is primarily governed by hemodynamic changes in the brain tissue. One of the main criticisms of NIRS is possible contamination by the influence of the extracranial circulation. To what degree that problem is important is still unknown. There has been an attempt to negate this influence by subtracting readings from two receiving probes placed in line with the transmitting probe.33 Since path length of light through extracranial tissue should be almost identical for both receiving probes, the difference in absorption coefficients between the two probes should reflect changes taking place in cerebral tissue alone. However, as demonstrated by Germon et al34 and Harris and Bailey,35 this difference is still greatly influenced by the extracranial circulation. We have adopted the principle that when only two probes are used, the relative contribution from the extracranial tissue becomes less as the interoptode distance increases.36 During carotid endarterectomy the change in NIRS parameters when the clamp was removed from the internal carotid artery was far greater than when the clamp was removed from the external carotid artery.23 In the present study we have made an additional attempt to evaluate the relationship between extracranial tissue circulation (assessed by cutaneous laser-Doppler technique)37 and changes in concentration of hemoglobin. The poor correlation between these variables provides further support for the notion that the influence of the extracranial circulation is small compared with the intracranial tissue. However, we acknowledge that the laser-Doppler sampling volume is small and may not detect significant changes in blood flow in the deeper parts of the scalp.
Positioning of Probes: Difficulties in Standardization
We believe that the standard positioning of the probes (as presented) is crucial to the success of NIRS in providing stable indexes of cerebral oxygenation change. The most practical approach from the point of view of standardization would be to place the probes above and along the eyebrow. The distance between the optodes should be as high as 5 to 6 cm, and the probes should sample only from the MCA territory, avoiding sinuses and muscles. The sinuses are thought to channel light away from the brain,36 and muscles increase the influence of extracranial circulation on the NIRS signals. The preferred place to put the optodes is along the midline but slightly away from it. That is not always possible unless the head can be shaved, and therefore in practice the place of attachment of the probes varies from individual to individual. This may introduce errors in patients with focal brain pathology, but further experience is needed to define them. A further problem of variation in probe position is the possible spatial variability of DPF on the head.
Spatial Resolution of NIRS
The sampling volume of NIRS in adults is small. Obrig et al38 demonstrated in their study on functional brain activation that NIRS response quality critically depends on optode positioning. Maximum responses were seen with the optodes positioned around the motor area for the hand. This finding indicates that the NIRS signal reflects localized cerebral oxygenation changes. In normal brain or in the brain without focal lesions, it is probably safe to assume that the NIRS measurements from the small region represent global changes of oxygenation of the cerebral tissue to a global hemodynamic challenge. However, additional concerns arise when patients with focal cerebral disease are examined or when tests that selectively stimulate focal areas of the cortex are applied.
Age Dependency
Lack of correlation between flow velocity reactivity to CO2 and age in our data cannot be treated as conclusive because of the very uneven age distribution, which was skewed heavily toward young people. It is inevitable that the majority of volunteers are in the younger group aged 20 to 40 years. In our study only eight people (16%) were in the group aged older than 50 years, and none were in the group aged older than 70 years. Such an uneven age distribution may miss the effect of age on reactivity. Therefore, it was of considerable interest that this effect was detected by NIRS. The reactivity to CO2 expressed with the use of the Hbdiff parameter showed a significant (P<.009) tendency to decrease with age. This is in agreement with the study of Hoshi and Tamura,39 who showed that in elderly people mental work is not associated with an increase in total hemoglobin concentration (impaired cerebrovascular reactivity) but rather with reciprocal change in Hbo2 and Hb.
Can NIRS Replace Other Modalities Used for Cerebral Reactivity Testing?
TCD provides an established index of CO2 reactivity in the form of a flow velocity ratio. Some investigators consider PI to be superior to flow velocity for the assessment of reactivity.40 This ratio of pulse amplitude to the mean value is reported to be a good index of cerebral vasodilatation during hypercapnic challenge.41 This observation was also confirmed in the present study. PI showed a significant decrease during vasodilatation induced by increase in Etco2.
Both TCD reactivity indexes were found to be significantly correlated with NIRS reactivity indexes. However, some discrepancy in the reaction of NIRS and TCD to CO2 occurred, which may have been associated with errors introduced by inaccurate measurement of the interoptode distance, variations in DPF caused by interindividual anatomic variations and differences in probe positioning, and extracranial contamination of the NIRS signal. Furthermore, reactivity assessed by TCD flow velocity may be biased, with some error caused by small changes in diameter of the insonated vessel.16 18 19
The two techniques measure different quantities at different sites. TCD assesses "big tube" blood flow within the MCA, while NIRS monitors relative changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation. This may partly explain the temporal differences in TCD and NIRS signal changes. The NIRS trends seem to lag behind the flow velocity trend in that the Hbo2 and Hb signals reached a plateau response to CO2 approximately 1 minute later than the flow velocity. This inertia cannot be caused by the algorithm because in our intraoperative monitoring of carotid endarterectomy, the responses of Hbo2 and Hb to the clamping of the internal carotid artery were immediate.23 Therefore, the blood volume and state of oxygenation of hemoglobin behave differently for direct manipulation of perfusion pressure and differently for manipulation of tissue acidosis with the use of inhalation of CO2. However, the reason for this phenomenon remains unclear to the authors.
We stress that the results obtained in this study represent reactivity in normal people. In cerebral pathologies the correlation between TCD and NIRS may differ because of additional factors such as extracranial-intracranial anastomosis. A study in patients with carotid stenosis, which addresses this problem, is currently under way.42 Another important issue is assessment of interindividual variability in reactivity indexes, which requires repeated assessments of reactivity in each individual and awaits address.
This study demonstrates that NIRS detects linear changes of Hb and Hbo2 in response to CO2 alterations and indicates that it may be further developed to provide a supplementary method for testing cerebrovascular reactivity. This may prove of particular clinical importance in patients in whom TCD is precluded because of a poor ultrasound window.
Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms
|arterial blood pressure
|differential path length factor
|end-tidal CO2
|Hbo2 minus Hb
|mean arterial blood pressure
|middle cerebral artery
|near-infrared spectroscopy
|pulsatility index
|peripheral arterial oxygen saturation
|transcranial Doppler sonography
We would like to thank all the participating volunteers for their help in conducting the study.
- Received May 29, 1995.
- Revision received August 31, 1995.
- Accepted September 2, 1995.
- Copyright © 1995 by American Heart Association
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Pickard JD, Boisvert DPJ, Graham DI, Fitch W. Late effects of subarachnoid haemorrhage on the response of the primate cerebral circulation to drug induced changes in arterial blood pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1979;42:899-903.
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Powers WJ, Raichle ME. Positron emission tomography and its application to the study of cerebrovascular disease in man. Stroke. 1985;16:361-376.
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Czosnyka M, Guazzo E, Iyer V, Kirkpatrick P, Pickard JD, Smielewski P, Whitehouse H. Testing of cerebral autoregulation in head injury by waveform analysis of blood flow velocity and cerebral perfusion pressure. Acta Neurochir Wien. 1994;60(suppl):468-471.
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Dahl A, Russell D, Nyberg-Hansen R, Rootwelt K, Bakke SJ. Cerebral vasoreactivity in unilateral carotid artery disease. Stroke. 1994;25:621-625.
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Kontos HA. Validity of cerebral arterial blood flow calculations from velocity measurements. Stroke. 1989;20:1-3.
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Halsey JH. Effect of emited power on waveform intensity in transcranial Doppler. Stroke. 1990;21:1573-1578.
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Gomez CR, Gomez SM, Hall IS. The elusive transtemporal window: a technical and demographic study. J Cardiovasc Technol. 1989;8:171-172.
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Reynolds EOR, Wyatt JS, Azzopardi D, Delpy DT, Cady EB, Cope M, Wray S. New non-invasive methods for assessing brain oxygenation and haemodynamics. Br Med Bull. 1988;44:1052-1075.
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Kirkpatrick PJ, Smielewski P, Czosnyka M, Menon DA, Pickard JD. Near infrared spectroscopy in head injury patients. J Neurosurg. In press.
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Wyatt JS, Cope M, Delpy DT, Richardson CE, Edwards AD, Wray S, Reynolds EOR. Quantification of cerebral blood volume in human infants by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68:1086-1091.
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Elwell CE, Cope M, Edwards AD, Wyatt JS, Delpy DT, Reynolds EOR. Quantification of adult cerebral hemodynamics by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77:2753-2760.
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Van der Zee P, Cope M, Arridge SR, Essenpreis M, Potter LA, Edwards AD, Wyatt JS, McCormick DC, Roth SC, Reynolds EOR, Delpy DT. Experimentally measured optical pathlengths for the adult head, calf and forearm and the head of the newborn infant as a function of interoptode spacing. In: Goldstick TK, Cabe MML, Maguire DJ, eds. Oxygen Transport to Tissue, XIII. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1992.
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Smielewski P, Czosnyka M, Kirkpatrick P, Whitehouse H, Pickard JD. Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with carotid stenotic disease: study using TCD and near-infrared spectroscopy. In: Proceedings of the British Neurosurgery Research Group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. In press.
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- Can Cerebrovascular Reactivity Be Measured With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?Peter Smielewski, Peter Kirkpatrick, Paven Minhas, John D. Pickard and Marek CzosnykaStroke. 1995;26:2285-2292, originally published December 1, 1995https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.26.12.2285
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Each Thursday evening, one of SFMOMA's curators or specialists shares a perspective on a single artist or artwork on view. Talks last 20 minutes.
Lisa Sutcliffe on Daido Moriyama's Stray Dog, Misawa, Aomori
Related Exhibition The Provoke Era
Thursday, October 01, 2009, 6:30 p.m.
Meet in the Haas Atrium before moving into the galleries.
Lisa Sutcliffe, assistant curator, photography, SFMOMA
Daido Moriyama, Stray Dog, Misawa, Aomori, 1971; gelatin silver print; Collection SFMOMA, gift of Van Deren Coke; © Daido Moriyama


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So congratulations! You've lost some weight! Now, how do you keep it off?
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If you get a pound, lose it! Individuals who achieve success at keeping a weight reduction weigh themselves a minimum of two times a week. Select routine times of day, and routine days of the week, to weigh and keep a chart. If you discover you're up a pound or 2, follow a healthy and structured food strategy up until the additional weight comes off once again.
weight loss
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Stabilize your treats with healthy options. You can have a periodic reward, however you can likewise have a periodic healthy option. Keep the reward little so that you do not get a huge sugar or unrefined carbohydrate rush. And if you need to consume sugar or an unrefined carbohydrate, consume a little protein with it so that your blood glucose does not crash and trigger yearnings for more of the exact same.
Confess your trigger foods and prevent them. All you need to do is take a look at particular foods and you understand you'll consume them. Do not keep any junk food in plain website around your home. Put them away. If you discover yourself mosting likely to the cabinet or fridge to browse the treat products, you'll have to keep the trigger foods from your home entirely.
Experiment and use the tools that work for you. Lots of dieters dislike the act of jotting down exactly what they consume. Some dislike workout. Others hate weighing and determining their food. Still others will not quit sugar and unrefined carbohydrates. You have to be truthful with yourself, however. These tools are shown to work. So, explore all the tools readily available to you and utilize the ones that work.
Weight gain back is not inescapable, however you have to act to prevent it. Use these options to your life and you will discover weight upkeep to be basic and gratifying.


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By Barbara Falconer Newhall
Georgetown professor John L. Esposito was working on a book about the future of Islam — pre-9/11. He promptly put it aside in favor of more pressing topics – Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (2002) and Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think (2009) are just two.
Now, nearly a decade later, Esposito finally returns to his subject with the publication of The Future of Islam from Oxford University Press. About 50 percent of the book was written before 9/11, he told audience of 200 last weekend who were attending an "Islam and Authors" series at the Islamic Cultural Center of Northern California in Oakland. The rest is informed by the post-9/11 political and religious tensions around the world.
One of the most intriguing chapters in Esposito's newest book addresses the topic of reform in Islam. People have been asking Esposito, who has been studying Islam and teaching Islamic studies for more than three decades, whether Islam is capable of change. They wonder, is it compatible with Western notions of rule of law, human rights and gender equality?
"When people ask a question about Islam, they assume there is only one answer," an exasperated Esposito told his audience. They ask questions like, "What does the Qur'an say about violence?" "Is Islam capable of modernity?" "Can it change?" There are many, many answers to those questions, he said, and the answers are constantly changing.
With an estimated 1.57 billion adherents, the world of Islam is no less complex and varied than than the world of Christianity, which includes such radically differing elements as Pentacostal, Quaker, Unitarian and Coptic Christians. But many Westerners fail to see that diversity and, out of fear, tend to perceive Muslims as a single homogeneous — threatening — mass.
"When a Christian blows up an abortion clinic, we don't say, 'There go those Chrisitians again,'" Esposito said. "But if it's a Muslim [blowing something up,] we call them 'Islamic terrorists.'"
In fact, Esposito noted, Islam holds reform and change as a founding principle. Mohammed was a social reformer as well as a prophet, securing rights for women that were radical in the Arab world of his time. Islam calls upon Muslims to follow Mohammed's example and reexamine their practices regularly, making changes where necessary.
Of course, what those changes, if any, should be is a matter of heated discussion among Muslims today — and throughout history. "Some people are conservative," Esposito said. "Some people think there is need for adaptation and change."
How various Muslim groups perceive the past is often a point of conflict. Some Muslims look to past practices and traditions as authoritative. Others view them as interpretations of scripture appropriate to particular contexts, but suseptible to reform.
Reared in Brooklyn in an Italian Catholic family, Esposito spent ten years in a monastery. Since the Seventies, he has devoted himself to the study of Islam and to promoting healthier relations between Muslims and Christians. At Georgetown University, he teaches religion and international affairs as well as Islamic studies.
Esposito founded the Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown and is its current director. He has served as president of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, as president of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies, and on the board of directors of the Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy.
Want to know more about Islamic law?
Sumbul Ali-Karamali will be speaking on Shari'ah Law at the Commonwealth Club public forum in San Francisco on March 11. Sumbul is a writing buddy of mine from the Religion Newswriters Association. A neat lady and an attorney, Sumbul's book, The Muslim Next Door, takes a thoughtful look at Islamic law. If you can't make the event, do check out her book. She'll also be speaking at an upcoming ICCNC Islam and Authors event in Oakland.
The Future of Islam, by John L. Esposito, with a forward by Karen Armstrong, Oxford University Press, 2010, 256 page, $24.95.


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Computer Repair in Hopatcong, NJ
Comprehensive list of Hopatcong, New Jersey based companies and technicians offering computer repair and maintenance services (PC, laptop or notebook). Fix your computer problems now!
Business Listings
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We are glad to provide Northern NJ with dependable and speedy computer repair services. Our technician has over 7 years of hands-on consumer level experience troubleshooting and repairing computer systems and home networks! Registered and insured, you can rest easy knowing we are committed to servicing all of your technology related troubles.
- He is very professional, knows his work and very reliable. He worked on my computer and
Don't forget our new client 10% discount and our client refferal program. KB Computing, your one stop source for all your office automation, computer and networking requirements. Let us show you how to prevent unwanted intrusions. KB Computing is committed to delivering outstanding Information Technology services, sales and consultation to our clients.
Searching for a Reliable, Honest, Affordable, and FAST expert computer service? We resolve your Personal Computer Problems, guaranteed! Can't connect to the Internet? Problem setting up your Wired or Wireless Network? Computer doesn't boot up / start? Computer infected with that really annoying Virus? Need a comprehensive Tune Up or Diagnostic done? In a rush and can't be without your laptop or desktop?
All Hours Monday Thru Friday 9 - 5 are subject to service call schedule. If no Service calls are scheduled the office will be open. Additional hours available by appointment. Integrated Minds is a complete service IT Solutions Provider that has been providing reliable and affordable computer and web services to businesses and consumers since 1998.
We all know it and rue the day it will happen to us, yet computers are such a critical part of our lives that we can't get rid of them. So whether your computers get infected with viruses, process too slowly, or just go blank for no reason, we'll be there to get you back on track.


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text: Careers Employers? Post Jobs and More Job Seeker Sign In Home Jobs Externships Your Profile Resources Your Account Job Seekers Sign In New Job Seeker? Sign Up Overview Your Saved Jobs Your Job Alerts Your Profile Your Documents Your Applications Help Job Seekers, Welcome to Wyoming VMA Career Center Search Browse Explore Your Job Alerts Your Saved Jobs 0 Back to Search SAVE savedJobs associate or relief vet FT or PT State College Veterinary Hospital Apply Now Attachments: Please include your resume and up to two additional documents. Add File The application opened in a new tab. By using this feature you agree to our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. Details Posted: July 17, 2017 Location: State College, Pennsylvania Salary: Open Type & Experience Level: Part Time or Full Time - Any experience level considered Function: Veterinarian Species: Canine, Feline Category: Private Practice Preferred Education: DVM or equivalent Full-time, part-time or relief Associate Veterinarian needed for a busy small animal practice in State College, PA. My mom has recently been diagnosed with liver cancer so I desperately need a second vet so I can help care for her! Experience preferred but will definitely consider a qualified new grad. I will help cover relocation costs! Candidate is responsible for providing the highest quality medical, surgical and dental care. Candidate should be detail oriented, provide exceptional customer service, and display care and concern for patients. Applicant must have the ability to work as a member of our team, communicate well and with respect to pet owners and staff members, and provide detailed patient medical record keeping. The practice software is Avimark. The practice is mostly dogs and cats, but we do see some pocket pets and can expand there if interested. Surgical caseload is about 50% dentistry and a good range of soft tissue. If you have a special strength or area of interest let me know and I will try to support your skill! There is a local ER for after hours emergencies. We offer preventative care, wellness and sick care, in-house Idexx laboratory and diagnostics, surgery, laser surgery, general dentistry with digital dental radiography, in-house pharmacy and prescription diets/treats, digital radiography, MyLab Gold ultrasonography, Class IV laser therapy, and end of life care. Candidate preference will be given to those with internship or 2+ years of experience and long term interest, including buy-in potential for the right match, but recent graduates are welcome to apply. SCVH is a privately owned business looking for a genuine, enthusiastic, compassionate, caring veterinarian to add to our family-like atmosphere. We are fortunate to have a team that emphasizes care and compassion and we are proud of our excellent customer service. Three of my team members have been with me for 10 years or longer. We are looking for someone who is enthused by providing quality care for our patients and clients. The current work schedule is set at 35 hours one week, and 40 hours the alternate week for FT (a 5 hour shift on Saturday every other week). On the long days we block off an hour lunch, on the short days (5 hours) we do not. I set 1/2 hour wellness and sick appointments, and 15 minute booster or brief exams, and block off 2-3 slots per 5 hour shifts for sick or same day issues. Benefit package include sick/vacation time, liability insurance, dues and licenses, CE stipend and time, health insurance about 80% funded for primary, VIN membership, AFLAC supplemental insurances, and retirement plan match after 1 year employment. SCVH is located in central Pennsylvania near Penn State University. State College is nestled in the center of the state, 2.5-3 hours from Pittsburgh, Philly, and Ithaca. State College is a college town that can attract entertainment usually seen in bigger cities (Blake Shelton played recently), but has a small town feel. You are going to see your client at the grocery store.The area boasts of four beautiful seasons and endless activities to keep you busy year round! Hiking, skiing, fishing and water activities are all close by. Do you like to bike? kayak? Fly fish? check, check, check. Need good schools? check. I bought the practice in 1988, and did a major renovation/update in 2014. We include a small kennel in our operation (6 runs, a dozen cages). We currently employ 2 FT veterinarians and 12 support staff. I would love to see what you could bring to our team! Check us out on Facebook or our webpage www.statecollegevethosp.com ! Please email me your resume or give me a call for more information. Fax 814-234-3734 and email is email@example.com. Pa license Accredited or eligible preferred NOTES: Additional Salary Information: open, depending on pt vs ft Send Me Similar Jobs By Email About State College Veterinary Hospital State College Veterinary Hospital is a 2 doctor companion animal practice emphasizing preventive care in a compassionate fashion. State College is a college town located in the geographical center of Pa, 2.5 hours from Pittsburgh, 3 hours from Philly, and 1.5 hours from Harrisburg. State College has many cultural amenities found in bigger cities, yet easy access to rural outdoor life, including h...iking, camping, skiing,horseback riding and water sports at nearby Raystown Lake. The region has 4 beautiful seasons, low crime, excellent schools, and an educated clientele looking for quality pet care. Show more Show less More Jobs Like This P/ T Associate Veterinarian - Philadelphia, PA VCA Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Yesterday Emergency Veterinarian - VCA Castle Shannon, Pittsburgh - $40K Bonus Offered! VCA Animal Hospitals Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Yesterday Veterinarian The Vet Clinic of Palm Harbor Tampa Bay Area, Florida Yesterday Back to top Help is on the way! We're sorry you are having trouble applying for this job. Please try loading this job using the following link before submitting your help request: Name: Email: Please provide details: Submit Help Request Error Close Continue Powered By


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[This post is part 17 of RESOUND 2011]
What is your favorite photo of 2011 and why?
This is me working as a dive instructor on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, in February.
Why I chose it?
Easy: I'm in my element. You can only see me from behind, but I know that I'm happy with where I am and with what I'm doing: Living in tropical paradise and about to go diving with my students. Perfect.
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The article below with original text in Italics appeared online in NPR.org on December 10, 2014 (this link takes you to the original article.)
Editors analysis: It is interesting that despite an unrelenting pressure to demonize gun ownership by the media since the Sandy Hook School shooting over two years ago public opinion moved even further in favor of gun ownership. There are several plausible explanations for this shift in opinion. One of the major drivers may be the growing cynicism towards the trustworthiness of the Democrat led Senate and Presidency of Barack Obama. As a result of a growing string of scandals (to name just a few: Fast and Furious, Benghazi, The IRS Lois Lerner Investigation, and recently, the outright lies and misinformation which were knowingly fed to the public regarding the Obama-care health legislation, trust in government is declining. The revelations of Professor Jonathan Gruber and the ringing echoes of our president's repeated lies: "you can keep your doctor and your health-care plan if you like it," have provoked a growing cynicism towards the democrat leadership and of government in general.)
Add to that incomplete list of scandals the President's most recent unconstitutional executive action to halt deportations of illegal aliens, and his lukewarm efforts to support law enforcement and tamp down racial unrest after angry mobs went on the rampage in Ferguson, Missouri and you have grounds for public confidence in government sinking to an all time low. It's becoming increasingly apparent to the public that the rule of law in our society has been dangerously weakened by the actions of our Chief Executive and his Democratic left leaning supporters. Facing the likelihood of further erosion in the trust citizens have in government, the public realizes that gun ownership is one of the few things they can do to protect themselves in an uncivilized society where the law seems to be administered by the whim of the ruling class.
Inexplicably, this opinion poll demonstrates that the public, despite the many vocal antigun voices in the media, gets it. States with the most stringent gun control measures are often run by Democrats, and have the most murders and worst rates of violent crime. On the other hand, states with liberal concealed carry laws and high rates of gun ownership have seen violent crime and murder drop, year after year. Government, as recently demonstrated in Ferguson Missouri, led by a Democrat Governor, was given weeks to prepare for violent demonstrations, yet when the time of crisis arrived, the police stood by and allowed savage mobs to rampage and destroy private property without intervening.
Even the average citizen is smart enough to figure out that owning a firearm is the last defense against barbarism when governments fail to deliver on its essential duty to enforce the rule of law and protect citizens from criminals and anarchy. It's even worse when the citizens see its government working hand in hand with the race grievance industry as represented by the likes of Al Sharpton and his ilk consorting with the President. Our citizens are right to cast a wary eye on what is likely to happen next. A gun in hand is better than a hostile and untrustworthy government, whether at home, or in Washington. So on to the survey:
Gun Rights Outweigh Gun Control In New Pew Survey
"For the first time in at least 20 years, significantly more Americans say it's more important to protect the right to own guns than to control gun ownership, according to the Pew Research Center.
The survey found that more than half of Americans (52 percent) sided with gun rights compared with the 46 percent who favored gun control.
The findings represent the continuation of a shift that was only briefly interrupted by the Newtown, Conn., school shootings in 2012.
In April 2007, the Pew survey found only 32 percent of Americans said it was more important to protect the right to own guns, while 60 percent said it was more important to control gun ownership.
Pew says its survey, conducted during the first week of this month, also found that well over half of Americans said that owning a gun protects people from crime.
"Do you think that gun ownership in this country does more to… "
|Protect people from becoming victims of crime
|Put people's safety at risk
From Pew:
"Nearly six-in-ten Americans (57 percent) say gun ownership does more to protect people from becoming victims of crime, while 38 percent say it does more to endanger personal safety. In the days after Newtown, 48 percent said guns do more to protect people and 37 percent said they placed people at risk."
The most dramatic shift in opinion took place among black Americans, according to the nonpartisan Pew. In December 2012, only 29 percent of black respondents said owning a gun helps protect people from crime, but this year, 54 percent said so.
Many women also changed their view, Pew says, citing the 51 percent who said owning a gun protects people from becoming victims of crime in 2014, compared with only 40 percent who said so in 2012.
For the most recent survey, Pew says it spoke to 1,507 people 18 years of age or older, spread among all 50 states and the District of Columbia. While about 600 interviews took place on landline phones, around 900 were conducted on cellphones.
The survey has a margin of error of plus or minus 2.9 percentage points.
In a comparison of gun violence statistics from 1993 and the current decade that we reported on last year, both Pew and the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics found that the U.S. had experienced a sharp drop in the rate of gun homicides and other violence, despite population growth.
As we reported:
"There were seven gun homicides per 100,000 people in 1993, the Pew Research Center study says, which dropped to 3.6 gun deaths in 2010. The study relied in part on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."
The researchers used 1993 as a reference point because it's seen as the height of gun violence in America; they also noted that gun-related violence fell sharply in the 1990s and more gradually in later years.
But Pew also noted that many Americans didn't seem to agree with the numbers. A survey found that only 12 percent of respondents thought the gun crime rate was lower than it was in 1993 — and 56 percent thought it was higher."


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I dont go anywhere im stuck at home everyday all day and i can't take it anymore i cutt off all my friends because there not real friends and do nothing but get in trouble with the law i literally just want to move away and start fresh im 19 just graduated highschool last year ugh I don't know what else to say im just frustrated
Most Helpful Girl
*hugs* it sounds like you're having a hard time :( . How come you're getting in trouble? Also where do you want to move, and to do what, or don't you know?00|00|0
I want to move to new york i live right next to the city im in connecticut i just feel stuck also my moms sick im taking care of her i dont have time to be like a normal young person intil she is better and i wasn't getting in trouble i just want to stay away from trouble so i dont put myself more down than i already am
Most Helpful Guy
Join the military, you get free food, housing, you learn a lot of cool things, when you get out you have a lot of money saved up which you can use to start your life and a free college education.00|01|0


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Miss Carol Aquino of Guatemala chosen as Reina de la Costa Maya
The representative of Guatemala, Miss Carol Aquino was chosen as Reina de la Costa Maya Internacional at the pageant held on Tuesday night, the opening night of the Sea and Air Festival. Miss Belize, Gaylene Desiree Dawson was runner-up and Miss El Salvador, Angela Maria Rodriguez was chosen as Miss Amity.
A spectacular and exceptional crowd gathered at the Festival grounds on Tuesday night, El Salvador Night. It was a night of glamour, beauty, charm and elegance and the highlight of the night was the Reina de la Costa Maya Pageant. The five contestants, representing the Mundo Maya countries of Honduras, El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala and Belize dazzled the audience with presentations in sensational cultural costumes, evening wear, swimsuits and a question and answer session. They also performed a dance as a group, moving to the sound of los ilegales, who will be performering on Belize/Caribbean on Saturday, August 23rd. The re-designed and improved grounds with a higher stage provided much better visibility and spacious accommodations.
Judges for the pageant were also from the five corners of the five Mundo Maya countries. They included Tony Diaz, Regional Manager of TACA Airlines; Celi McCorkle, owner of Holiday Hotel; Leticia Ramirez, Honduran Consul in Belize; Roberto Archila, Chief of Mission of the Embassy of Guatemala; and Hillario Perez Quintal, President of Costa Maya de Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Guatemala Night | Belize Night | Grand Parade | La Reina de la Costa Maya
Copyright by Casado Internet Group, Belize


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how is relevant legislation applicable to capital punishment?I'm writing an essay on capital punishment and the prof without much detail asks for us to explain the relevant legislation to capital...
how is relevant legislation applicable to capital punishment?
I'm writing an essay on capital punishment and the prof without much detail asks for us to explain the relevant legislation to capital punishment and applying the relevant legislation. I'm just a bit unsure of exactly what the question is asking. I was hoping someone could possibly clarify more
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My guess is the professor is asking you to identify important legislation as it relates to capital punishment. As you probably know the 8th Amendment bans cruel and unusual punishment, and many people feel that execution might fit that standard. The Supreme Court for many years ordered that all executions be delayed until it could settle the issue. Eventually the Court decided that states could indeed execute criminals and not violate the Eighth Amendment.
Since that time some states have moved to either ban capital punishment, limit capital punishment, or even extend the crimes for which the death penalty can be applied.
The advent of DNA testing has resulted in the freeing of several prisoners on death row when it was found they were actually innocent. This has prompted more calls for the elimination of the death penalty entirely because of fears that more innocent people will be executed.
There is a great website that tracks death penalty legislation which you will find very useful: www.deathpenaltyinfo.org
Good luck!


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Audiences in the UK who hadn't had their coffee yet might not have been prepared for the shock of the surprise guest on BBC Breakfast.
While lots of celebrities, politicians and news makers stop by the red couch to talk about the day's events, giant apes don't normally swing by the studio for a chat.
But Beruti the orangutan isn't a normal animal, and he had a good reason for sitting down with hosts Charlie Stayt and Steph McGovern. Beruti is actually an animatronic orangutan, made for the BBC's new nature show Spy In The Wild.
Look closely at his right eye and you'll see it's actually a camera he uses to snoop on other orangutans, but even up close he's really convincing.
If you're wondering what exactly Beruti had to go undercover to film, you'll have to tune into his episode of Spy In The Wild, but the show has released a preview that's pretty cool.
Sure, this orangutan teaches itself to use a saw like a human, but could it be a guest on a morning news show? I think not.


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Sadhus, The Smoking Community is a sludge band from Athens, Greece. They were formed in the summer of 2008. Since then, they compose their heavy material and have played a lot of live shows with many local and foreign bands such as Suma, Sardonis, Maya Mountains, Stonebride, Toner Low, 1000mods, Lucky Funeral and many more.
They are known for their high gain and high energy gigs, but also for the meditating gatherings and jamming sessions that take place at their studio.
In June 2013, they transformed their rehearsal room into a recording studio, with the precious help of their sound engineer George Leodis, in order to record their first album. George Leodis (1000mods, Lucky Funeral) also took care of the mixing process and Brat Boatright (High on Fire, Sleep, Graves at Sea, Converge, Stephen O'Malley, Sarabante) took care of the mastering at Audiosiege studio (Portland, Oregon, USA).
The artwork of the album was created by ADMC07 & Luthien Price (GR), while Fuzz Ink. hand-printed all the covers.
The Community is now ready to spread the album to the world, playing gigs and sending promo stuff at every corner of the planet!
(2011) Single Track (recorded for "Miss Fortune Was A Henhouse Manager" compilation)
s/t (2014) LP
Stavros vocals
Thomas G. guitars
Nikos bass
Greg drums
Steve rolling engineer
"Sadhus are one of the most heavy bands of the Greek land! Torturers of feelings!"
"They play like there is no tomorrow, heads down, eyes shining.. Well done!"
"Their sound and music contains something cult and spiritual. Sadhus have a large future in front of them." (www.metalpaths.com)
"A guitarist in satanic shape spreads tons of riffs like a huge truck with copartners
a brilliant drummer and a voice full of the sickness of Bongzilla and Iron Monkey."
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SadhusCommunity
Bandcamp: http://sadhus.bandcamp.com/
CONTACT: email@example.com


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Heather Hummel is on tour with CLP Blog Tours and Whispers From the Heart. I really enjoyed this book. It was fun, fast, and heart-warming. The main character is Madison Ragnar, a high school English teacher who is trying to forget her past. She left a bad boyfriend for a fresh start, but continually worries he is going to find her. When a man around town seems to be stalking her, her friends grow concerned. When he turns out to have a tie from Madison's past, she doesn't know how to react, or what to think of the twist of news he brings. Meanwhile, a tragic event rocks her high school class, and Madison tries her best to connect with her students while giving them an education. Along with best friend Olivia, Madison realizes the importance of living everyday to its fullest, and for letting fate works its magic.
Like I said, Whispers From the Heart is a shorter book, about 250 pages. Sometimes with shorter stories it can be easy to feel cheated out of character development or the plot, but I didn't find this to be the case. I immediately bonded with Madison, and was pulled into her world. The plot twist shocked me- definitely not what I expected, and Hummel really knows how to keep readers on their toes. It was really touching to see how Madison connected with her students as well. Overall, a solid read that I have to recommend! I can't wait for book number two from this author!
[Rating: 4.5]


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Refashion your way to a brand new wardrobe with these inventive alteration techniques! Learn how to adjust your hemlines, sleeves, and necklines in novel ways while adding flair to your favorite pieces. Whether your style is classic, modern, or vintage, this book will help you fill your closet with clothes that are both chic and unique!
Bookwire is a mobile app for your iPhone that gives you the ability to scan a barcode
or enter ISBN, access book records and add titles to wish lists.


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A tour of Fraser Island is the perfect side-trip from Brisbane for those just beginning to foster their spirit for adventure, and those well-seasoned adventurers looking for a lower-key, lower-budget, off-the-beaten-path (literally) experience.
My then-54 year-old, and self-described "unathletic", mother and I were visiting my sister who was studying abroad in Brisbane for the semester. Looking for an "Australian adventure" that all of us could enjoy and participate in—one that wasn't too dangerous, was only moderately outdoorsy, and not at all physically taxing—we decided that a two day tour of Fraser Island, the world's largest sand island (123 kilometers long and 22 kilometers at its widest point) and a World Heritage Site, would be the best bet: it was exotic (they have dingos!), inexpensive, non-threatening to life and limb, and offered the option to stay at the island's "resort" instead of camping.
Our tour guide was to meet us at the bus station. An unlikely-looking couple (the woman from which seemed to be keeping her distance from the man), and a gold-toothed motley-looking middle-aged man (presumably fleeing the law) were also waiting. From the window, we watched a large Safari-type vehicle pull to the curb. It looked like the kind people in movies about guerilla wars are kidnapped in, and the name of our tour company was painted on the side. When the others followed us outside, we realized that these were our fellow tourists, all of whom were Australian, making us the only foreigners on the tour.
Our guide hopped down from the driver's seat and introduced himself. He looked like a Hobbit, and appeared to be striving towards dreadlocks—not only on his head, but also in his goatee, and in the toe hair that curled over the thongs of his flip-flops. He threw our bags on top of the vehicle next to the "Eskie" ("cooler," for my fellow Americans) and we climbed in. Sitting on hard benches knee-to-knee, we began to learn about our fellow travelers—or at least two of them: Bad Date Man was delightful, if a bit awkward, but Bad Date Woman sat silently, arms crossed. We learned that the pair had met in a sword-fighting chat room. We surmised that this was a blind date and that she was not smitten, though he may have been. Gold Tooth was actually quite the gentleman, though we never did find out what he did for a living, and my suspicion that he was on the lamb was never fully squelched. The Hobbit-like tour guide was a wealth of information, although we would soon learn he did not always keep us informed.
We drove for about 3 ½ hours—longer than we expected, not being able to translate kilometers into miles—before somewhere near Rainbow Beach, without warning, we began to drive on the beach, parallel to the ocean, as if this were a perfectly normal everyday occurrence. The three of us looked at each other nervously—surely this must be illegal: some attempt at a short cut, or to avoid the police at Gold Tooth's request. As it turned out, this was our first experience with a "beach highway." We followed the beach to a ferry that took us to Fraser Island.


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Not exactly a role model.
A middle school teacher was arrested this week following an investigation that lead to a drug bust that yielded more than $6 million. The teacher was arrested alongside an accomplice with another still at large.
Chestatee Middle School Academy teacher Karla Alvarez, 28, was arrested alongside Monica Pascual Brito, 24, in Oakwood, Ga. Alvarez is also the soccer coach the middle school. Both are facing charges for drug trafficking and drug possession with the intent to distribute cocaine. Both women were also charged with possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony.
A total of 61 kilograms of cocaine were found inside their residence with one kilo of heroin
and two semi-automatic rifles. Authorities estimate the total drug value at $6.2 million.
Ricard Pascual Brito, the brother of one woman arrested, is currently wanted by the Hall County Sheriff's Office. The 25-year-old is believed to be involved in the incident and is facing drug and weapons charges.


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They are here and lovely and very tall 5.5 " heel !!... NAP was the fastest delivery service ever...
Congrats Natassha! They look fantastic. How is sizing for you as compared to the declics 100mm?
wooow! They are to die for!
Are they comfortable?
those look terribly high lol do they have platforms and are they comfy?
Congrats!! They look so HOT. WOW.
Thanks Lynn12
Lady deluxe yes, the platform is about 3/4 of an inch, cofmy??... lol, for about 5 minutes or so but they are sooo lovely
lavenderIce- Thanks soo much
... sizing is the same for these as the declic 100's, not as comfy as the 100's tho... these are like standing in pigalle's
Thanks -efusik I agree, they are hot as hell
I would not even attempt to walk in those, but they look great on you.
These look so amazing on you- Congrats!
wow! very sexy... i love it! congratulations cause you can carry that high shoes..
wow, i would kill myself in those...but you look hot!
Thanks, GemRuby,Boslvuton,Chai15 & dls80ucla ... they are great to look at, not sure how long I'll stand in them
Natassha - THOSE ARE SOME FIERCE SHOES! Wow - that's all I can say! Those are just, plain gorgeous.
How do they feel on? Are they "sturdy"? I have never bought a pair of the pigalle 120 because the heel felt wobbly when I tried them on. Maybe I do need a pair of CL's sky high heels?
Stinam - they are truly awesoem, I agree, they are sturdy, and they do feel like standing in pigalle's, except for the wobble... these as I mentioned above, not sure how long I will last in them before one wobbles down ... did you get your shoes??
Thanks for asking! I think they did arrive. I got stuck at the office EXTREMELY late yesterday, and missed the concierge by the time I got home. I had a note from them that a package had arrived for me yesterday. I had to get back to work early today so I missed the concierge again when I left this morning. I can't tell you how anxious I am to get home tonight so that I can finally pick them up!!


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Our calendar shows all upcoming walks, social events and meetings, or you can choose to focus on any particular category by clicking the appropriate link below.
Almost all Trust programs are free of charge; however, we welcome your donation so we can continue bringing you great outdoor and conservation activities and events.
A 'Water Walk' with Robert Thorson
Event type: Event
September 24, 2017, 3:00 pm
This event is co-sponsored with the Benton Museum at the University of Connecticut. Take a "Water" walk with Robert Thorson, professor of geosciences, to Swan Lake on the UConn campus. Meet at the Benton Museum, then walk around the lake for different viewpoints and discuss use/abuse, surface and ground of water resources.
Afterward, view the exhibit "Unfiltered" and enjoy refreshments in the main gallery of the museum. RSVP "Thorson Tour" by September 20 to [email protected] or call 860-486-4520 if you are interested in attending. Limited to 30 people.
Download date to your calendar: iCal
See the entire calendar here.


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This post is also available in / Esta entrada está disponible también en: Spanish (Español) .
The first HD trailer of Deadpool is now available. Fans who did not attend the San Diego Comic-Con have been waiting to see an official trailer, and it is now here. The three-minute trailer titled Red Band has two versions, a not-safe-for-work video and a less-violent one.
Deadpool is coming to cinemas on February 12, 2016.
Deadpool – Red Band Trailer – Not Safe For Work
Deadpool – Red Band Trailer
[Source]: 20th Century Fox (YouTube).


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IBM to promote open source in India
IBM has partnered with a computing and an educational institution in India to promote the development of open-source software in...
This Article Covers
Operating systems
IBM has partnered with a computing and an educational institution in India to promote the development of open-source software in the region.
IBM has partnered with India's Center of Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), in Pune, and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), in Mumbai, to set up an Open Source Software Resource Center (OSSRC).
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The centre will be funded with $1.2m (£670m) over three years and will try to promote open-source software by establishing a portal for exchanging information on the subject and initiating proof of concept projects. It will also develop training programs for open source and related certifications.
Several educational and government research organisations in India are working on open-source projects. But the Indian government has so far remained neutral, with some government agencies working with Microsoft and other proprietary suppliers on e-government initiatives and projects to bring PCs to poorer users.
The OSSRC will help to expand the open-source segment of the Indian software industry, according to Shanker Annaswamy, managing director of IBM India.
IBM will provide hardware, software, and project management resources for the OSSRC, while C-DAC, a research and development organisation of the Indian government, will provide the physical infrastructure, Indian language technologies, and open-source application frameworks to help kickstart open-source projects.
IIT in Bombay, one of India's leading educational institutions, will focus on teacher training and educational content.
IBM, C-DAC, and IIT will jointly manage the centre, which will be located at the C-DAC facility in Pune, near Mumbai, according to a spokeswoman at IBM India.
IBM expects other education institutions and research organisations to join the initiative, she said.
Earlier this year, IBM signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Chandigarh Union Territory to set up an "IBM eGovernance Solutions Center For Linux" for the Chandigarh local government.
The centre will help Chandigarh develop various e-government applications using open standards and IBM's development frameworks for e-governance applications.
IBM has also set up a Linux Center of Competency in Bangalore, which provides facilities and consulting services to its clients to develop, test and certify their Linux applications.
John Ribeiro writes for IDG News Service
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text: I'm wondering but for the women that are married and have children - what does your DH say about your purse addiction? Mine has been pretty understanding since purses are the only thing I have really spent money on. Nothing major yet - Dooney and Burkes and Coachs which I feel are the low end of designer purses (nothing wrong with them though - I still LOVE em) but at my age, I want a more classic stylish purse. DH has said to me that he thought it was a good investment since purses are something I use all the time. He does get this weirded out look though now when I start talking Chanel - he's asked me on more than one occasion - "Aren't those high end?" Of course dear! but it's sooo worth the money! How many Chanel's are you all alloted say .. in a year? I'm wondering if I start asking for a new Chanel on my birthdays or Christmas if my DH will eventually be like .. "umm...NOT again!" This is a bit personal and if you don't want to answer or you think I'm rude .. tell me! But wondering how in the world some of you afford what you have! I just started working, DH is a Marine so we're certainly not rich .. especially since we have 5 children between the both of us. *sigh* I have expensive tastes ... I hate it sometimes. I'm just going to start a purse fund - on top of our regular savings .. can't think of anything else to do!


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From 2013-2015, the Pittsburgh Pirates won at least 88 games with a high water mark of 98 wins in 2015. Last season they took a step back, finishing with a 78-83 record. Andrew McCutchen, the Pirates perennial MVP candidate, was a below average player (0.7 WAR). Even so, the Pirates offense finished a respectable 6th … Continue reading
Tag Archives: Andrew McCutchen
2016 NL Central Review
If you said that the Chicago Cubs ran away with the NL Central in 2016, that would be a major understatement. The Cubs were so dominant in the NL Central in 2016 that they clinched the division on September 16th. That was the quickest the Cubs ever clinched a division. The Cubs 103 wins are … Continue reading
Weeks 8 and 9: Double dose of Central Intelligence
I am back covering the NL Central after a week off. I hope you can excuse me for missing last week, but I feel like getting married is a pretty decent excuse. Thanks to Steve for his very kind congratulatory post, and for all those who sent their best wishes. Our old friend Richard Fitch … Continue reading
2016 NL Central Preview
[Central Intelligence will be a day early this week, since the Cardinals and Pirates begin the 2016 season on Sunday. – Editor] 2016 will be another intruging year in the NL Central. The young rising starts in Chicago are the new favorites, but the Cardinals and Pirates are right there as well. The Cardinals have won … Continue reading
Pittsburgh Pirates Preview: Offseason and Roster
The Pittsburgh Pirates have become the kind of organization many hope the Reds will become. They have a forward thinking front office that uses both advanced data and excellent scouting to build a strong roster in spite of their resource limitations. The Pirates had a payroll of just over $86 million last season but that … Continue reading
Week 18: Cardinals, Pirates, and Cubs all in good position for the postseason
There are only eight weeks left in the baseball season. The Cardinals, Pirates, and Cubs all would be in the postseason if it started today. The NL Central has been very impressive in 2015, as the Cardinals, Pirates, and Cubs having the three best records in the National League. Entering play of Sunday, the Cardinals … Continue reading
Week 14: Recap of the first half in the NL Central
The Pittsburgh Pirates took three of four games in PNC Park over the weekend against the Cardinals, and cut the Cardinals lead in the NL Central down to 2.5 games at the all-star break. The Pirates won back-to-back games on Saturday and Sunday in extra innings, when they entered the bottom half of the inning … Continue reading


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A cool event.
Jim Malmstrom Photography & Video | New Jersey Weddings, Family, Sports
Jersey Shore Photography & Video
A cool event.
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I wish my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
Wonderful article! We will be linking to this particularly great content on our website.
Keep up the good writing.
Let's look back at the Brick Memorial High School Boys from 2011-2012. Featured here are Vince Lombardi, Justin Oakley, Ryan Shockett, Brandon Rodgers, Jack Phair, Matt Del Hoz and Christopher Malmstrom battling with highly recruited (football) Mike Gesicki.
Brick Memorial Boys Basketball Team waged a thrilling comeback overtime win over Toms River North on Monday Jan. 27 2014 in a game played at Brick Memorial HS. Scott White was instrumental in the win with three free throws; one to force overtime and two more to provide the one point margin with seconds remaining in […]
3D photos are all the rage – have been for some time actually. My son Christopher and his friends joined a long-standing mens football league this year. They won the whole ball of wax playing against grizzly old veterans. I'll do a proper post on this in a day or two but for now here's […]
Our newest printer promises to turn out stunning images up to 19 x 13 inches in size.
The Brick Memorial Boys Varsity Basketball Team came up a bit short vs. Jackson Memorial in a game they hosted at Brick Memorial High School on Friday Jan. 24 2014.
Spent some time helping a friend's who son absolutely rocked in a body building competition at Brick Memorial High School on Sat. June 9, 2012. Rob Triano took home three 1st place prizes and I took home these shots A cool event.
Here's a new take on my logo – in motion. Found some HD knock out footage and then motion tracked the Model T nearest the "camera" using AE's built-in Mocha planar tracker. Slapped the logo on the side of the car. Fun With After Effects from Jim Malmstrom Photography Video on Vimeo.
Jim Malmstrom Photography & Video is a Bricktown, NJ based enterprise is the business of sports, event & wedding photography. Created in 2010, Jim Malmstrom Photography and Video serves the Central Jersey & Jersey Shore area in supplying the community with a high-quality yet affordable alternative to large, impersonal photography companies.
Let's look back at the Brick Memorial High School Boys from 2011-2012. Featured here are Vince Lombardi, Justin Oakley, Ryan Shockett, Brandon Rodgers, Jack Phair, Matt Del Hoz and Christopher Malmstrom battling with highly recruited (football) Mike Gesicki.
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New White Paradigm Cinema 90 V.3 Surround Sound Speakers
- Superior ICPTM Injection-Molded Co-Polymer Bass / Midrange Cones
- Mineral-Filled Polypropylene Bass Cones
- Superior PTDTM Pure-Titanium Domes
- High-Frequency WaveGuide
- Small form factor
Product Description
While it's true, there are tiny satellite speakers aided by small subwoofers that can be "hidden" in many living spaces, when it comes to great audiophile sound these systems have never delivered ... until Cinema. Award-winning Cinema speakers integrate beautifully, delivering a seamless music and home theater sound-stage that brings movies to life and makes music sound "live." All Cinema speakers (except Cinema ADP) are magnetically shielded.
Product Detail
- Product Dimensions: 11 x 9 x 7.5 inches; 10 pounds
- Shipping Weight: 10 pounds
- Item model number: Cinema 90 v.3
Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed


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This may refer to two possible churches:
The African Apostolic Church of John Maranke was founded by John Maranke (1913-1963), a former Methodist from the Umtali area (where Godwin lived). In July 1932 he was called in a vision to be Christ's apostle. He spent the next thirty years travelling on foot around Southern Africa, converting and baptising thousands of people. By 1996, the movement had exceeded one million followers.
The African Apostolic Church was founded by Paul Mwazha a little further to the west - but not until 1957, so the timing may be a bit tight. However, an important clue is Godwin's description of the men shaving their heads and growing long beards - the look Mr Mwazha and his followers sport in this video:
There are more than 10,000 African Initiated Churches in South Africa alone, so it is unsurprising that two indigenous Zimbabwean churches share this name.


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TI Blasts DOE's Classified Doc Plan In Nuke Waste Suit
The DOE's proposed protective order would result in pointless expenses and discovery delays because the agency has not shown why production of the information would endanger national security, the technology giant said.
The case stems from remediation costs and...
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