text:
John Davison Rockefeller essay
|← Cultural Norms
|Rockefeller's Amalgamation →
John Davison Rockefeller. Custom John Davison Rockefeller Essay Writing Service || John Davison Rockefeller Essay samples, help
John Davison Rockefeller was an American oil magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Rockefeller started the Standard Oil Company, a business enterprise that subjugated the oil industry for many years. He changed the oil sector of economy and laid down the foundation for modern day philanthropy (Parker 6). When the name of John D. Rockefeller is mentioned, numerous thoughts flow in people's minds. Some of them consider that Rockefeller was a bright and smart businessman, while others consider him a back-dealing monopolist. Still, to others, the name evokes memories of a great philanthropist. Indeed, though loved and hated in equal measure, it is not a secret that Rockefeller was, at his time and even today, a man surrounded by mystery. Indeed, he saw his talent in generating wealth as an opportunity to help those in need. As a result, this led him to think that he was entitled to monopoly in the oil sector. According to his thinking, having monopoly rights in the oil industry was not an immoral thing at all. In spite of this, Rockefeller's motivation was to provide oil for the poor at prices that they could afford (Laughlin 20).
As one of the pioneering entrepreneurs in the United States, John D. Rockefeller defined the oil industry and later became the richest American, whose wealth is still legendary. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839 (Chernow 31). His early beginning was humble and had no trappings of the wealth he was later to amass. With a father barely able to fend for his family of six children, hawking medicine of dubious value and a religious mother, Rockefeller's family was always moving. He must have inherited the entrepreneur spirit from his father and piety, philanthropy and hard work ethics from his mother. His schooling was sporadic due to the continuous movement of the family, but he did manage to graduate from high school (Steiner and Steiner 76).
Rockefeller has learnt the basics of book keeping, commercial and banking practice at a local village school instead of going to college, and later started to work as a clerk at a local business. From the early days of working, Rockefeller believed in the mantra of honest work, saving and philanthropy. His reputation grew due to his honesty and diligence; this combined with his saving principles allowed Rockefeller to form a partnership and open his first business dealing in grain. The business did exceptionally well during the Civil War providing the army with supplies.
Rockefeller was deeply religious and philanthropic, attending the church and donating regularly. Through this church association, he met a church member dabbling in oil refinery, formed with him a partnership and thus got involved in the oil sector. The discovery of oil in the United States transformed the lives of millions. These changes have resulted from the discovery of Benjamin Silliman, the chemist, who, after detailed analysis, concluded that distilling and purifying the crude oil produces kerosene, which was a better light producer than the whale oil they had been using. Previously, the crude oil had been neglected, as nobody knew what to do with it. From Cleveland where Rockefeller was based to Pennsylvania, the place of the oil discovery, Rockefeller was soon immersed in the activities of the oil industry. His refinery was one of the largest in Cleveland. The partnership was replaced with the incorporation of Standard Oil in Ohio in 1870 with Rockefeller, his partner, Sam Andrews, his brother William and Henry Flagler as shareholders, marking the beginning of a company that came to dominate the oil industry in the United States (Hamen 49).
The oil industry, in its early stages, was a tumultuous business with fortunes made and lost in short periods of time. This was mainly due to the overproduction of the 'black gold' as everyone tried to get rich quickly. As the laws of supply and demand dictate, the price plunged due to oversupply, which led to bankruptcy of some investors. However, the discovery of new markets drove the prices up, creating wealthy investors. The sector was a seesaw of fortunes (Winkler 80).
From the early stages of his business activities, it has always been Rockefeller's top priority to provide the 'best at the cheapest' (Parker 94). The only way to serve this goal was to find the solution to two endemic problems in the oil industry, namely, the fluctuation of prices and waste. His aversion for wastage and saving ethos forced Rockefeller and his partner, Sam Andrews to find use for the byproducts that could otherwise be wasted. Therefore, as other refiners threw away the byproducts and handled the oil carelessly, wasting much of it in the process, Rockefeller and his partner found uses for their byproducts such as lubrication oil, paraffin, and Vaseline among others. Paraffin, for example, was used to make candles. This constant search for saving methods, strategies, and mechanisms helped Rockefeller and partners, to expand their operations and company. By cutting costs in labor, owning input materials such as timber, kilns and horses for transportation, forever trying to minimize his business costs so that he was able to reduce the prices he offered to customers, Rockefeller has gained a competitive advantage in the market (Steiner and Steiner 77). As profits soared, it was reinvested in the development of the company, in particular – in development of superior and effective equipment and hiring experts to find the ways in which oil could be used, while always striving to offer the cheapest prices possible. Rockefeller driving ambition was to exploit the potential of oil in every possible way.
A significant break came through rebates offered by the railway companies. The competition among the main railway industry players, Pennsylvania and New York Central with the Erie, forced them to proffer rebates to the major dealers in the oil industry to attract them to use their railroads. Thus, Rockefeller used his dominant position in the oil sector of economy to his advantage. He negotiated with the railways to give him the largest rebate and in return, he will provide apart from the greatest amount of oil being transported, loading, and unloading labor. As no other company could match Standard Oil's volume, it gained the advantage of being the only one given that level of rebate. Its shipping deliveries were also the most efficient, as it used its own loading and unloading staff, thus, did not waste time waiting for the railway companies' loaders.
Due to his efficiency, cost cutting and savings Rockefeller's Standard Oil was able to make a comparably better deal than his competitors in terms of rebates. This combination of efficiency, cost cutting, and savings when combined with rebates enabled the company to make profits, while offering lower prices and driving its competitors out of the market. His customers were more than happy, as before, only the richest could afford the high price of lamination as found in candles and other oils. Thanks to the rock bottom prices charged by Standard Oil, most people could afford to pay one cent per hour lighting. It was the democratization of nighttime activities (Morris 148).
Having made a huge mistake in joining a cartel with the aim to fix prices after the acrimony caused by the small producers forced a legislation that annulled the cartel's charter, Rockefeller embarked on integration. He bought out the owners of other refineries using outright purchases or Standard Oil's stock. He believed that only large and efficient oil companies could effectively compete in the market. Thus, in exchange for their facilities, he would give them a say and combining their talents they would build a better company in Standard Oil.


text:
Plumbing Brochure Design
Our South Florida brochure designers made this for Joe Cole Plumbing. Most plumbing contractors don't have a brochure at all and the few that do make it themselves on their office computer. We custom design the brochure to follow the look and feel of the already existing website and truck wrap design. Having a South Florida full service advertising agency design your brochure helps to insure that it will match all of your other marketing materials. We understand what having a cohesive marketing package is all about!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
So I have had a lot going on lately with school.
I mean,
I have a ton going on with school at any given time
considering that I pay to teach full time
and take a full schedule of classes too.
It's not that fun,
but the kids?
Oh they are so worth it.
I have the best students ever.
They make me look forward to teaching everyday.
But the last two weeks have held national teacher certification tests,
giant hour and a half presentations to peers,
and midterms.
All in all,
just not that fun.
So I felt like I needed a makeover,
but there is no use trying to give me an physical makeover when I am stressed.
(Trust me it's not pretty)
So I decided to pamper myself and get a...
I mean guys!
Check it out!
Brielle from Studio Eleven made my blog exactly how I've always wanted,
but never had the moo-lah to get it there.
I haven't taken any HTML classes so there is only so far I've been able to get myself.
Guys, Brielle is a genius!
I love what she did!
And she was waaay affordable!
(Broke student teacher speaking here)
catch her now before she gets rich and famous!
She changed and tweaked until everything was perfect,
she was so sweet and patient,
and she was fast too!
I'm just saying.
Cuz now my blog is looking at your blog going,
"Let me give you the name of my stylist."
Check her out guys! :)
In other recent news,
I had a BLAST at the AZ Blogger Meetup a few weeks ago!
In other recent news,
I had a BLAST at the AZ Blogger Meetup a few weeks ago!
We got yummy goodies from Sweet Cakes! Thank you!
And we got sweet goodie bags from other bloggers in an exchange to get to know each other better!
Loved my musical goodies from Brooke at I Play the List!
Go check her out!
Hands down,
my favorite part of the blogger meet up was meeting people,
and making new friends!
Check out my new pal Brittany from Brittany's Notebook!
I loved hearing about her munchkins and her photography!
I met so many other fun pals!
These pictures are a fun memory.
(although is it just me or wow, look at my hips compared to everyone else's)
When I was 12,
My doctor was giving me a check up and remarked,
"Wow, you certainly do have birthing hips.
That'll come in handy someday."
unfortunately they haven't come in handy yet.
Especially not in pictures like these.
Oh well. :)
I loved meeting these girls!
Can't wait for the next meet up!


text:
Download NEVER SAY LATER apk 1.0 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Innovative designs in Books & Reference | April 20, 2015 | 0 Comments
Apk file size: 2.9 MB
If you have ever found yourself wondering why you haven't reached the success that you want for yourself, or why your life isn't how you have imagined it, the problem just might lie in procrastination and putting things off. In fact, if you are reading this book, the odds are pretty good that's the case.
Procrastination, distractions and putting off important tasks are at the root of most people's lack of success, and it is something that highly successful people don't suffer from. Don't get me wrong, even the most successful people in the world procrastinate occasionally and everyone obviously gets distracted sometimes, but highly successful people don't let it stand in the way of what they want. They find ways to overcome it.
At first, when you have made a habit of procrastination, it can seem like reaching goals and quitting your procrastinating ways is almost impossible, but the truth is, people overcome it every single day, and you and I are no different than they are. What you need most is a plan of action – a step-by-step guide that will show you exactly how to eliminate procrastination from your life once and for all, and teach you how to make a habit of getting things done right away.
Innovative designs part of our Books & Reference and have average installs from 50 to 100. Last Update April 20, 2015. Google play rating is 86.6667. Current verison is 1.0. Actual size 2.9 MB.


text:
PARIS, Sept 4 (Reuters) - European planemaker Airbus said on Thursday that it won 1,001 gross plane orders in the first eight months of the year.
Taking cancellations into account, net orders totalled 722 aircraft through August.
Airbus added that it delivered 389 planes in the period, including 17 A380 superjumbo aircraft. (Reporting by James Regan; Editing by Blaise Robinson)


text:
Hello, my friends. This week, I'm winding down from some things, and gearing up for others—some cheese, some not. There has been much joy, but also recently, much sadness. My heart is full with all of it.
Most importantly to me, my grandfather, my mother's father, passed away on Friday afternoon after a fall and its subsequent complications. He has always been such a patient, loving force in our family's lives; I will miss him sorely. Some of my earliest memories of him involve him sneaking me pieces of Vietnamese sesame candy he kept hidden under his bed. Later, as his digestive ailments increasingly limited his ability to eat certain foods, he still made sure to indulge in an apple turnover or other pastry regularly. Seeing all of the love with which my grandmother prepared daily meals for him as our family dogs happily scampered between them make for many beautiful, inspiring, joyful vignettes.
Even in the presence of so much sadness, many good things continue to happen, and I am grateful for all of it. Photographing people has become one of my great passions. I had the privilege of photographing this beautiful party at the View in San Francisco a few weeks ago (where I got to meet Andrew Zimmern!!), and have been documenting backstage life while performing. I've got a number of portrait and lifestyle sessions coming up over the next several weeks, which I'm very excited about! My appreciation for the rich art of portraiture keeps growing, as does my awe of the beauty of the human spirit. I can feel lots of areas where I can improve, but I am also relishing the enormous freedom newly afforded me as I pick up the camera and create something beautiful with my subjects.
In addition to this, I still strive to bring you quality content on Miss Cheesemonger! There's some cute stuff coming up.
Thank you for continuing to share in this journey! See you soon.
It's my work to create lots of content for you. Do you love what you see? Here is how you can support me:
Make purchases through my affiliate account links at Amazon.com (where you can get nearly anything under the sun) and the French Farm (where you can find delicious and beautiful French products for the kitchen). Bookmark these links for later! You can purchase anything through them, not just what I recommend to you, and I will receive a small percentage of those sales at no extra cost to you! Everybody wins!
SAY CHEESE! I do natural light portrait, lifestyle, and product photography in addition to this blog. My mission is to capture you at your glowing, shining best. See my portfolio for portrait and candid work, and peruse the blog for examples of my food and product photos. Then, contact me to schedule your session!


text:
- Home
- About JTB
- JTB Courses
- Tax Laws
- Contacts
- Tax Publications
- FAQs
As part of its continuous efforts to curb the illegal imposition of levies and fees by unauthorized persons and sanitize the Nigeria tax system, the Joint Tax Board (JTB) has approved the ban on sale of emblems/stickers to motorists across the Federation.
The Board approved the measure after due deliberations and observations. It decried the practice whereby certain persons, some of who have been designated as revenue consultants, have been producing various types of emblems and stickers, and compelling motorists to purchase them under the guise of collecting tolls and levies for government.
At a meeting with key stakeholders notably, the Directorate of Road Traffic Services (otherwise known as VIO), Local Government Council officials, officials from the Federal Capital Territory Authority (FCTA) in Abuja, the Board noted with dismay the incessant harassment and molestation of road users by the so-called sellers of emblems/stickers, a situation which constitutes not only a nuisance but embarrassment to the general public and particularly, the tax authority under whose guise they claim to collect the levies on its behalf.
A statement issued at the end of the meeting and signed by the Secretary of Joint Tax Board, Mr. M. L. Abubakar, also observed that some local Government officials or their designated agents are involved in the shameful act with the aim of generating revenue, pointing out that while the reason may appear as genuine, the practice is not supported by any existing law.
He disclosed that the JTB in a move to address the issue has designed a new consolidated emblem that would be issued free of charge to motor vehicle owners across the country.
The consolidated emblem to be used by the motorists will serve as a clearance for payment of all road taxes and motor vehicle registrations and would be issued annually when the relevant fees have been paid by any motor vehicle owner.
The JTB, therefore, advises consultants, contractors, associations, unions or clubs selling emblems or stickers to motorists to find other lawful means of doing so, so as to avoid violation of the law as well as to strike a balance between the need for enhanced revenue generation and ensuring that sanity, professionalism, and proper application of existing tax laws.


text:
New year, healthier
A free webinar about solving fibroids without surgery.
Tuesday, Jan 16th, 7:00pm PDT
No more fibroid
Embolization can end excessive bleeding.
Fibroids and painful sex.
What's a woman to do?
- Home
- Success Stories
- Embolization
- Symptoms
- Treatments
- Information
- Events
- Contact Us
- About Us
- Blog
- Schedule an Appointment
- Free Consultation


text:
Электронные книги
Гуманитарные науки → Check-in (English in Tourism)
Похожие книги
Посетители, находящиеся в группе Гости, не могут оставлять комментарии к данной публикации.
Автор: Christopher St.J. Yates
Название: Check-in (English in Tourism)
Год: 1990
Страниц: 189
Язык: English
Издательство: Pr,..ce-H.ll
Формат: PDF
Размер: 29.1 Mб
Check in is part of a two book course written for hotel and reception trainees and employees. The book is designed to help learners to improve their command of English for use within hotels where the guests are tourists from various countries who use English as a means of communication.
The book features a self-access approach, allowing students who may not have time to attend classes to work on their own. There's an introduction for teachers detailing ways of using the book in a classroom and ten units covering language presentation and comprehension work, listening for understanding, listening and responding, and writing exercises using letters, faxes, and taking orders. The material is a series of realistic contexts set in a wide variety of countries with realistic recording material exposing students to the accents of different nationalities. The book also features a language syllabus based broadly on specifications of the International Certificate Conference's English for the Hotel and Catering industry syllabus. Finally, there is an answer key to the exercises together with tape transcripts and a separate grammar summary at the back of the book.
Check in – Covers the likely situations that front reception staff have to deal with, including bookings by telephone, telex, or fax, checking in and out, room service, complaints, etc.


text:
Reuters Staff
1 Min Read
Dec 27 (Reuters) -
* Presidio Holdings Ltd files amended IPO registration form, says it intends to apply to list its common stock on Nasdaq under the symbol "PSDO" Source text: (bit.ly/2ibtqtG) Further company coverage:
All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays.
© 2018 Reuters. All Rights Reserved.


text:
We speak to Saima Mir, a former journalist who has established a website to help South Asian families trace their largely oral histories.
An online branch for family trees
Saima Mir has so many cousins she's actually lost count. Sitting on the edge of a sofa in her south London home, she thinks about it for five minutes, attempting a mental tally before she gives up.
"Let's just say that if there's a wedding, there'll be at least 80 first cousins there," she laughs. "At least 80. And that's just our cousins in the UK."
Mir's family tree is as sprawling as you'd expect of a typically big, South Asian family. Her mother is one of seven sisters and one brother; her father is one of eight. One of her (many) cousins has a chart of the Mir family tree; it can apparently be traced back five generations.
Mir, a former BBC video journalist, has always been fascinated by her family history, in which generations have travelled from Kashmir to Karachi to London and Bradford in the UK. However, she is also aware that as time passes, that history is slowly fading away.
"I used to spend summers at my grandmother's house in Karachi and I used to love listening to those stories," she says. "But I was a child and I never thought to make notes about it. We all grow up with stories about our family, but it's rarely written down. Now I want to be able to record it all."
That's why Mir has set up a new ancestry website, called WhosTheDaadi.com, to help those like herself with South Asian roots trace and record their family history and set in stone the stories that are passed on from generation to generation but never documented.
"Some people can trace their family history easily, but it's harder when you have no factual records," she says. "South Asians don't have a history of record keeping. We just don't. We have all these little bits of information, all these stories, and I just wish we could fill in the gaps."
That's where WhosTheDaadi.com comes in. Unlike mainstream genealogy websites, it doesn't depend on official birth, death or marriage certificates, which often aren't registered in South Asia in the first place, meaning that families don't have a paper trail with which to construct a family tree.
Instead, the site allows users to build their own database by logging family names and uploading details, such as the places where people lived, and sharing anecdotal stories of their family's past. Users can search for people sharing the same surname or who originate from the same city or village. The site also allows people to upload old family photos and ask others for help in identifying anyone whose name they don't know to make sense of unexplained history.
"I started thinking that there must be other people who want to record their grandparents' history like me - and that's how I got the idea for the website," explains Mir. "I thought there must be some way of recording history and sharing memories to build a sense of our past before it gets too late and we lose everything."
Mir was moved to set up the website when her naani, her maternal grandmother, was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease last year. She was heartbroken when she realised her naani could no longer remember the family stories she used to tell.
"My naani was there for me my whole life. But now, because of the Alzheimer's, she doesn't recognise me and it breaks my heart," says Mir. "She's in her 80s now and when she sees me she asks whose daughter I am."
WhostheDaadi.com launched in August and is still in its infancy; its success will depend on attracting enough users to create a database that is large enough to search on a global scale.
But Mir is confident the database will grow.
Some users come from families split during Partition in 1947 - she says they hope the site will help them find lost relatives. Mir is also liaising with the Citizens Archive, a cultural heritage organisation based in Pakistan, to explore what can be done to connect families spread between India and Pakistan. "Hopefully this will heal some rifts," she says.
Ultimately, Mir hopes WhostheDaadi.com will serve as a way to remind future generations of their South Asian roots, regardless of where they were born or grew up. "We are so far removed from our ancestors. We don't walk the same streets as them, we don't even speak the same language anymore," she says. "But in order to make sense of who we are, we need to know where we came from."
Follow Arts & Life on Twitter to keep up with all the latest news and events @LifeNationalUAE


text:
Write some Articles
Anggaran $250-750 CAD
I need articles written about all the major casinos, hotels, night clubs, day clubs and strip clubs on the Vegas strip. Articles need to give an overview of the venue as well as major attractions or special features. Also articles should be SEO optimized.
34 freelancer menawar dengan rata-rata $340 untuk pekerjaan ini
Writing is an art. Besides a clear command of all aspects of the language, my impeccable writing is largely fuelled by an insatiable passion and love for the written word. I think this is what gives me an edge over man Lagi
Dear Sir, I have vast experience in Academic writing, Web Content writing, Article writing, rewriting and proofreading academic papers/essays/research papers/ebooks/press releases/product descriptions/medical docum Lagi
Hi! With the best-proven records on [url removed, login to view], I can definitely assure you that I will provide you with grammatical-error-free, interesting-to-read, informative, keyword-rich, Google-friendly and 100% original Lagi
My articles are guaranteed to be original works that satisfy the desired criteria. Regardless of who the audience is, I can deliver the voice and style that you need to complete your project. I have experience writing Lagi
Hi I am Julia, a stay at home mom with 9 month old daughter so I currently have free time throughout the day. I am an individual writer and not a team. I do not outsource my work and therefore can commit to writing 100 Lagi
Hi, I have a few questions about your project. Please send me a message so that we can discuss more. Thanks
"I sell words according to your demands. It's yours for the asking." My strong belief is that readers should be presented with content that's easy to understand & doesn't challenge with complex language. I look forwar Lagi
I have got your job posting and I am very much interested in working on your project. I am a pro blogger and content provider with more than 3 years working experiences of blog writing, Posting and SEO. So, I think you Lagi
Hello sir or madam. I am a qualified English-speaking writer with much experience writing articles and blogs on an array of different topics. I have over eight years of experience writing on everything from professio Lagi
Having 6 years of writing experience at [url removed, login to view] and on various online portals, you will be guaranteed with informative, well-researched and high-quality articles that you need for your blogs/websites. Be it webs Lagi
`GOOD DAY! We fully understand that you're in need of a dependable freelancer who can write professional, SEO-friendly, and 100% unique articles. Wordchain is a reliable team of experienced writers and editors that Lagi
Hello, I can write 2000-3000 words in a day. I will write articles of up to 500 words, on any subject of your choosing. Maybe you: - Need help with a College project. - Need content for your new Website. - Need Artic Lagi
Hello I'm creative with superb writing skills and a passion for the job. I don't just get over projects but I always effort to deliver the best as per clients' requirements and leave them satisfied. Kindly give me more Lagi


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Rugby League Forum' started by Jatz Crackers, Apr 17, 2007.
If anyone has it, could you please supply Grant Mayers email address please. Thanks in advance.
Thankyou CIG.........however that email address bounced. "Diagnostic-Code: smtp;550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable" Do you have another ?
email@example.com There you go Jatz.
See everyone. Ryan is a good man. Of course Jatz reserves all rights to argue with him in the future.


text: Oh man! Ad-blocking software has been detected! :'( This website is run by the community, for the community... and it needs advertisements in order to keep running. Blocking our ads means your killing our stats! Please disable your ad-block, or become a premium member to hide all advertisements and this notice. And my 7 month old male smokey is driving me absoulutely mad! She been in heat for over a week now. He would just sniff her and go on. Then we took her saturday and had her breed to smokeys daddy. We came back home and all hell broke loose. Smokey just freaked out! Running around whining, wanting to get at her but not sure what exactly to do with her. He been huanching everthing since. The poor fellow even tried to hunch the kitten on the porch! He goes to get a drink of water he starts haunching, he tries to get up on the chair way with you half way up his back end just starts goes crazy, he turns his head to look and see what the hell his arse is doing! Well,that was funny. The poor little fellow is driving himself mad and taking me with him. And if joseph doesn't fix his kennel outside when he gets home I'm dragging him with us!


text: difficult child just called home on her way to school with her BFF. Wants to know if she can go camping with BFF. I told her I would need to talk to a parent about the details. I asked who was going camping... "lets see, BFF age 15, BFF little brother, age 14, BFF older brother who is 18, his girl friend, and older brothers friend who is 21. Any parents? No. No way. Did she really think I was going to say yes??? KSM


text:
A girl, her bunny and Santa Claus
Her first visit with the big man in the red suit went well. They chatted each other up, laughed and shared stories. And…she found out she's on the "good list!"
Here's a rendition of 'Rudolf the Red-nosed Reindeer' to all of you from our little elf. She said proudly, "Mama, I know all the words. Even the 'history' part!"
Merry Christmas from Pampers and Pakhlava
Take the road less traveled, Beth


text:
The "Inkubator" is the core part of the Bulbs Unlimited system and should capture the bulbs for defining glue points for connecting snap buttons. Therefore the surface of the Inkubator contains holes. Every hole is consecutively numbered and leads a waterproofed pen to the included bulb. Construction manuals show which number combination you should use for building the different shaped light objects. Finally assembled, the Inkubator includes 2 parts, dome and base and is made from solid polycarbonate. The opportunity to set snap buttons to several positions on bulbs surface, enables you to create endless different light object designs.
Simple as Lego® brick assembling, bulbs are pluged together and could be removed and reassebled as often as you want to make a new light object project.
Many bulb manufactores changed their bulb size, due to economic reasons, from 6 cm to 5,5 cm glas body diameter. Therefore we invented an adapter, which enables the Inkubator to handle these new bulbs as well. The adapter just should be placed inside the Inkubator and fixes the bulb in it`s center. Afterwards, the bulb should be marked as usual through the consecutively numbered holes. The new adapter is now available in our web shop.


text: Oh man! Ad-blocking software has been detected! :'( This website is run by the community, for the community... and it needs advertisements in order to keep running. Blocking our ads means your killing our stats! Please disable your ad-block, or become a premium member to hide all advertisements and this notice. Hi CF, I'm taking on too much and its getting beyond a joke now. I haven't got the time or energy to learn their material and also don't wanna get certs just for the sake of it. I'm going to concentrate on the two free W7 exams I have. Anyone want it? Its got to be sat at Prometric before 10th of October. James


text:
- I get a white screen when I open the games (Flash plug in changes on Chrome)
- How do I find my UID?
- Help! My game does not load.
- How do I save my progress in a game?
- How can I Install Unity Web Player?
- Can I play these games on my mobile device?
- I experienced a bug on a social game (Slotomania, Let's Fish, Royal Story, Cloud Kingdom) and I'd like to report it
- Qplay games are running slow/not loading
- Cheating users on Qplay games
- Why is there only an international lounge in qplay chat?
- I didn't receive the correct amount of points after victory in a Qplay game.
- Qplay games are running slow/not loading
- Where can I get help with Family Barn?
- Where can I get help with Goodgame Gangster?
- Where can I get help with Goodgame Empire?
- [Let's Fish]: I already played 4 1vs1 duels but the game doesn't allow me to play the 5th
- [Slotomania]: How do I know if I've won?
- [Slotomania]: Why are my tournament winnings not being credited to my balance?
- [The Rat's online]: I have a question about the game.
- [Top League Manager]: I have a question about the game
Can't find what you're looking for?
Try another search or contact us here.


text:
Is size everything when it comes to accountancy practices? Nicola Draper finds one man who thinks not.
If you Google 'grow your business', you get almost 30 million hits. Google 'shrink your business' and you get more sites on how alcohol shrinks your brain that you would on business.
While everyone is talking about the importance of growth, is it always the right thing for your business? Downsizing tends to refer to people selling large houses for smaller ones, and it's not something often discussed in business terms.
If you wake up one day and decide to take on more staff and office space and to aggressively market yourself to get more clients, well, fine but it does have its downside and it's not for everyone.
I recently came across an accountant...
Please Login or Register to read the full article
The full article is available to registered AccountingWEB.co.uk members only. To read the rest of this article you'll need to login or register. Registration is FREE and allows you to view all content, ask questions, comment and much more.


text:
|( 14 upvotes )
|lol this is too good. Its already my desktop background.
|omg....i can't quit laughing....it's so dumb, but executed so well, lol
|Madness... THIS IS... ah, i can't even type it with a straight face.
|Garrett: You stole his bucket? That is madness!!
|I stole his bucket.
|( 18 upvotes )
|( 8 upvotes )
|( 21 upvotes )
|( 18 upvotes )
|This man is my hero!
|i thought i got rid of this bastard...
|He looks like a lost a wrestling match with a garbage bag
|WTF!? That is the worst Solid Snake Cos play I have ever seen!
|Oh God.....no....
|is he suppose to be dressed as solid snake?
Misc info


text:
Hey You!.... Thanks for Dropping By! Want To Learn The Exact Online Strategies I Used to Generate 5,811 Leads and Recruit 166 New Customers and Team Members in Just 12 Months - Join The Free Training Here - Enjoy and Talk Soon - Adam
One of the biggest challenges to building a profitable network marketing business is lead generation. Where do you find people to share your opportunity with once the "warm market" dries up? And we're not just looking for any people either. We want high quality people who are actively seeking opportunity.
The majority of network marketers fail at this aspect of their business, but if you aren't prepared to learn how to generate leads online effectively and efficiently, you'll end up yet another statistic of the industry or another casualty of the jungle as Jerry Clark puts it.
You've got to start with a proven, "how to generate leads online" strategy and have certain systems in place before you even start.
Creating a "warm list" of prospects you already know is a great start but I personally don't know anyone who has created a 7-figure income from a their warm market alone. There are other issues with the warm list as well. What if you don't have a high quality warm market and your friends and family members are all blind to opportunity? Maybe they are perfectly fine waiting tables or driving tractor trailers and have no desire to change their lives. What if you have no credibility with them because you've never been successful at anything prior in your life?
Or lets just say, "what happens when your warm market dries up?"
An email list is the best way to begin building a list of prospects.
Work out who will be your best target before you even lift the telephone. People are busy and they are definitely not going to waste time chatting to you about something that is simply not relevant to them or their business. Always be aware that time is money, so spending your days contacting the wrong people can be a costly mistake.
Generate Leads Online
Come up with a marketing message tailored to your target audience. If they are on facebook you can tailor a message that helps them better understand marketing on facebook. For example, follow this link to learn effective facebook marketing strategies.
No-one wants to hear a lot of fluff. Like I just said people are in a rush nowadays. If the conversation goes well, and there's a question you can't answer, be honest about it and call back with the answer later .
People respect honesty. And one of the best strategies to learn how to generate leads online is to simply "keep it real." That means town down the "over the top hype" you may have been taught by your up-line or sponsor. Many networkers out there only know hype because thats how they were recruited. If that describes the way you are marketing, thats ok. Its not your fault you just haven't learned real marketing yet. Read this entire post and peruse this blog and you'll be off to a great start.
Brand yourself and get the word out about your product and your opportunity. You can make yourself valuable online by making short, top quality, useful videos talking about your products and/or services. Off-line you could always become an affiliate of a club or organisation where people in related companies hang out.
Online Lead Generation
Social media sites like Facebook are excellent places for online lead generation. You should master the process of the right way to generate M.L.M leads online and on social media platforms. Join groups on Facebook that are relevant to your product and see what people are talking abou within the group.
I'm going to tell you the secret to making this work. Pay attention because this is missed by the majority of networkers. The secret is to find out what their needs are and what issues and challenges your prospects are facing. Don't just jump in and start roaring about your product or you'll come across as a total amateur and no one will listen to you. Just be a helpful recourse to your prospects and eventually they will ask you questions about your business. Never suggest that you're desperate to make a sale or you'll never sell anything.
When you make a sale – ask for a referral! You have created a relationship with your client and you have solved his problem, so don't be embarrassed or feel awkward asking if he knows anyone else your products or services may benefit.
Word of mouth referrals are the very best.
Send prospects to your website which should really be up-to-date and packed with useful information. When you have built an email list you should use an autoresponder to send regular emails to further the relationship and build trust and rapport. Simply stimulate people's interest and include in the short email a closing line that includes an action call like "if you would like to discover more about" you know that subscriber is qualified if he clicks on your link.
Knowing how to generate leads online isn't rocket science you simply need to learn the right methods of going about it to be a successful network marketing specialist. If generating leads online is one of your goals the following link will allow you to access one of the most content rich, value packed trainings you've ever seen. Click here now and don't miss out!
Adam Chandler


text:
"I need you," he said, holding me for a good long while so I could do the crying I needed to. "I need you." He walked me to the bedroom. "I need you, too," I whispered, although I don't know if he heard me.
I need you.
Big Guy and I recently learned news about a loved one that has thrown us. We spent most of one week realizing that our vague concerns were not groundless. We had a plan for how to respond. Then, in the way life often operates, the plans were pulled out from under us with one phone call hours before we could put our plan into place.
We spent a day processing the news in our own ways. Big Guy growled and watched hours of loud and violent TV shows and movies. He wasn't much interested in conversation.
I tried to look for silver linings and do regular tasks around the house to create a semblance of normal; I craved the conversation that Big Guy didn't want.
Late in the afternoon, I went into my office to sort through piles of paperwork, thinking that putting things into order would help me feel like I could put life in order. Instead, I sat and cried, overwhelmed by our news and feeling alone because Big Guy wasn't interested in the conversation I needed.
I prayed for our marriage to be strengthened by our situation rather than weakened. God reminded me that I am never alone, that He is with me. I realized that if I were to go to my husband and tell him I needed comforting, he would reach past his own grieving to hold me. That knowledge settled me down. I knew my husband would be there for me if I simply asked him to be.
And then God sent my husband to me to remind me in a very tangible way that I am not alone:
I need you.
For many years in our marriage, difficult news drove a wedge between Big Guy and me. We each dealt with things in our individual ways.
We needed comfort, but neither one of us could really count on getting that need met. When tough things happened then, I would cry and feel alone, knowing it was unlikely that my husband would just come wrap his arms around me and let me cry. I didn't like how vulnerable I felt in needing him, so I pushed that need away far too often.
Big Guy would feel alone, too, knowing that in his very vulnerable state of feeling shaken, he was still likely to get a rejection if he sought the comfort he deeply needed.
Needing each other was not something that worked well in our marriage in those days. It was just too risky.
I need you.
On the recent afternoon when he said "I need you" and I said it back, I clearly saw the vast difference between the marriage we used to have and the marriage we have grown between us now.
I thought about the fact that my husband knew he could come to me to both give and seek comfort. He knew he was safe in approaching me with his need. And I knew I was safe in throwing myself into his arms.
The mutual needing and comforting allowed us to reach beyond the disjointed and shattered feelings inside to feel whole again with each other for a while.
We danced the heart dance of marriage, making love, affirming love, and affirming life.
Much of the work I've done in our marriage over the past few years has been overwhelming and hard; my husband hasn't had it so easy, either. There were many days and nights when I wondered if our marriage could ever be a comfort to me.
Out of the ashes of all that difficulty, God has shaped a safe haven for each of us. The comfort that I thought might not be possible now thrives in our marriage.
The journey to restored intimacy in marriage is not an easy one, I know. As I gave and received comfort in my husband's arms, I was reminded of how glad I am to have walked this journey. The need I once feared has become part of what weaves us together.
The journey has been worth every battle, every tear, every step of the way. Now I need, I am comforted, and I am safe. I can feel whole.
Reflect on your own marriage. Are you and your husband able to seek comfort with each other in times of difficulty? Do you have a safe haven in your husband, and does he have one in you? Can you feel whole in each other's arms?


text:
The Delight is made of silicone, so it's a safe product, though it's recommended to clean it before and after every use. The texture of the shaft is smooth, with a few ridge lines up along it. This makes for a bit more stimulation when the rotation feature is turned on, and those ridges begin to rub and caress internally. Another bonus with the texture would be if the toy were twisted while in use, giving the ridges a 360-degree area to cover.
There is very little smell to the toy, which is something I like. There is nothing like having a smelly toy ruin the evening's mood. If you are one to lick or suck your toy during the buildup to the big moment, the Delight is covered there as well, with no discernible taste.
I found the design to be quite interesting. The handle is rather solid and sturdy, something that surprised me. It has a simple 3-button design, but more importantly, they are easy to reach when the toy is inserted. This is especially important on those solo sessions. I found that it was easy to switch between the vibration patterns and the rotation settings without even having to look.
The shape of the shaft is fairly realistic as far as shape goes, though not as much in appearance. The thickness of the shaft is about what you'd find in an average penis, so those who like their toys thick might be a little disappointed.
The toy is almost ten inches in length, so it's about in the mid-range as far as hiding would go. Needing a cool and dry spot, while not coming into contact with other toys to prevent contamination of materials, can be a little tricky. A locked drawer or box is always a good choice, however.
In terms of travel, within luggage it could be concealed by folding up in clothing. While it might pass a casual inspection, I doubt this would do any good against scanners at places such as an airport. But, that's a risk you have to take sometimes.
The Delight has a number of functions, some of which were new to me. In terms of vibration, it is mostly pattern-based. Three speeds of pulsating, one for escalating, and one simple vibration. Combine those five patterns with three different speeds of rotation, and there are a number of different possible combinations for pleasure.
The most important feature to me, and one the Delight happily provides, is the location of the vibrating motor. Thankfully, it's located within the rabbit part of the toy. When I first turned it on, I could immediately tell this by the way the ears of the rabbit started to shaking and humming. That is a good thing for a toy like this; the worst place you could locate the vibration would be in the shaft of the toy, as then the vibrations would have trouble reaching up into the rabbit. The noise level of the vibration motor is about as loud as the rotational one, meaning it can be heard through a locked door.
The rotation is interesting, but there is one problem. If you are a tighter girl, or attempting to use this toy anally, you might find that the handle is doing the rotating while the shaft inside you is stationary. This can be somewhat marginalized by a steady grip on the toy. The rotational motor can also be somewhat loud, with a grinding noise that is noticeable above the vibration motor. It's definitely something you could hear if you had it in a bedroom, behind a locked door, and the house were quiet. So be warned.
The controls are a breeze. On, vibrate, rotate. I can't imagine anything simpler than that, and they even light up in a lovely blue color when turned on.
The battery case has a firm lock to prevent water from entering the machinations of the Delight. When placed underwater, the toy performed just as if it was out of water. However, I did notice a few drops around the perimeter of the spot you remove to insert batteries. This isn't a big problem, though heavy usage could see a wear in the mechanism from replacing batteries often and subsequent leakage.
Cleaning the toy is as simple as using soap and warm water. Just make sure that the seal to the battery case is firmly in place when doing this. Using a soft, damp cloth can help to wipe it clean. Care should be taken to clean all of the silicone portions of the toy, including along the ridges and the rabbit.
For storage, the Delight should be in a cool and dry spot. For longer periods, make sure to remove the batteries. Avoid areas with any dampness, as this can damage the motor, and you don't want that.
Lubrication should be with water-based only. Anything made of oil can damage the material. You should avoid storing it next to toys made of other materials, as there can be a chemical reaction from this. For best results, keep the Delight in the box it comes in.
I have to say that I liked the box that the Delight came in. Laughably, it can be said that it would be easier getting into Fort Knox than opening this one. There were a number of flaps, and several cardboard "locks" to manipulate, in order to get it open. Once inside, I found several plastic "L-shapes" that slid in around the toy in its plastic nest. The box isn't very discreet, due to images of the toy on the outer portions. Anyone looking at it would definitely be able to tell what it was, and what it was for.
One thing I found, that I didn't even notice until after I had opened the box, was that there is a cunning flap on the front. This flap wraps around the sides and face of the box, and when you open it, it reveals a little description of the toy, plus a view of it beneath clear plastic. Very tasteful, in my opinion.
There were definitely enough instructions, in more languages than I can identify. The one paper is about four feet in length, and features an English section less than ten inches in length. This covers maintenance, usage, and dealing with the batteries. The second set of folded paper included covers more of the same, albeit in a smaller format.
My thoughts on the matter? When I first saw the price, my eyes popped. I've only had one other item that was as expensive as this. Needless to say, I wasn't sure what to expect. Then I got the Delight, and that is just what it was for me: a delight.
The rotation is something different for me, and my first experience with it was definitely a positive one. The only minor inconveniences are from tightness, and the handle rotating instead of the shaft. Another thought that comes to me is that I wasn't sure what to expect when it mentioned rotation. I thought the shaft of the toy would spin around. Overall it feels more like "wiggle" or "squirm" might be a better choice of words than rotation.
Another thing that disappointed me was the fact that the toy requires batteries, three AAA to be precise. For a toy this expensive, I would have liked to have seen a rechargeable battery kept inside. Charging from USB or wall outlet is definitely preferable to buying batteries. Though, if you have to buy any, I'd say go for a high mAh Duracell precharged type. I've found those to last long in situations with motion control and vibration.
In all, the main reasons why I gave this four out of five were simply the lack of ability to recharge it, and the rotation motor was a bit on the weak side. And I couldn't give it four-and-a-half.
On a more inquisitive thought, I wonder how it would perform within a woman anally, with the rabbit nestled inside her pussy and humming away...might make for a good solo-DP experience.
My first experience with opening the toy was surprise and a little caution. I wasn't sure what to expect. But I lubed it up faithfully and got down to business. The shaft is curved and, with the rotation, I experienced some pleasurable sensations on my prostrate. More important was the rabbit, and the vibrations it offered to my balls while the toy was within me. Using imagination was enough to think of having a threesome where one partner was within me, while the other was teasing with tongue or lips. Definitely a good thing.


text:
[This post is a work in progress as part of the CAA Catechism.]
[Add the title only in the title field, not in the body of the post.]
Summary in 400 words or less:
Scripture for YouVersion:
Short audio/video:
Three questions (1 fill-in-the-blank, 1 multiple choice, and one discussion question):
References for further reading:
Collaboration notes:
The Argument from Language. The best work on this is Jeffery Johnson & Joyclynn Potter, "The Argument from Language and the Existence of God," Journal of Religion 85/1 (2005), pp. 83-93. Also John Oller Jr. & John Omdahl, "Origin of the Human Language Capacity: In Whose Image?" in J. P. Moreland (ed.), The Creation Hypothesis (IVP, 1994), pp. 235-269. Significantly less rigorous–but can be mentioned for reference's sake–are: Brad Harrub, Dave Miller, & Bert Thompson, "The Origin of Language and Communication," Reason & Revelation 22/8 (2002), pp. 57-63 and James Bohn, "Beyond the Fire of Prometheus: The Capacity for Human Speech – Empirical Evidence of the Image of God," Quodlibet Journal 4/2-3 (2002).
[Add your name here only if you have created this topic or contributed valuable content or editing to this topic.]
[Add a copyright-free, relevant image to the body of the post (click the Add Media button), as well as going back in and selecting it as the featured image.]
Type "YES" and contact Maryann when at least three collaborators agree this is ready to be shared with YouVersion:


text:
Mon 25 Nov 2013
The "Science" of HatredPosted by dvarisco under "Arab Spring" , Islam in Europe , Islamophobia , Terrorism Issue
Comments Off on The "Science" of Hatred
A mass grave near Zvornik from which more than 500 corpses were exhumed, 2002; photograph by Tarek Samarah
In a recent open access article, The Science of Hatred, in The Chronicle of Higher Education, Tom Bartlet discusses a psychologist attempting to understand the Serbian denial of the massacres of Muslims in Bosnia in the 1990s. The subtitle is: "What makes humans capable of horrific violence? Why do we deny atrocities in the face of overwhelming evidence? A small group of psychologists say they are moving toward answers. Is anyone listening?" The article is more a profile of Sabina Cehajic-Clancy, a Bosnian social psychologist who studies intergroup conflict, than a probing of the title. The focus is more on "how" Serbs could deny such a well documented atrocity rather than the motivations for the mass killing. There really is no "science" in the article, a part from a nod to some role for our evolutionary trajectory. But if you would like to read a human-interest story about an individual working on a very personal matter to better understand the denial of atrocities, it is worth reading.
The idea that there can be a "science" of hatred sounds promising, but it tends to fall apart less over the debate about what science is than what we mean by the emotionally charged notion of "hatred." Several religions teach the God is love, but then also note that there are lots of things that God hates. Love and hate go together, not so much as polar opposites but as part of a continuum of how we perceive the world around us as comforting and dangerous at the same time. There is one kind of hate or love that is directed to an individual because of the familiarity of interaction. Falling into love, to quote the romantic rubric, suggests that we can fall into hate as well. But these are metaphors that swirl around fuzzy concepts. In the Bosnian case, it was a hatred, to use the fuzzy term, of a racial/ethnic/religious category that was hated, not the result of any specific action that any of the individuals did. And, as the egregious amount of war-based rape attests, the freezing of Bosnian Muslim women into a distinct racial category justified diluting their "pure" blood with Serbian Christian semen. And the perverse vice was used by some Bosnians in retaliation against Serbs, although to a much lesser extent.
There is a danger in assuming that science can explain ethics; that danger is a reductionism that echoes the kind of pseudo-science or racial purity that Serbs used to justify (as though they actually cared about justification) rape and mass slaughter. The fools-gold notion of James Frazer that human ethics have evolved from magic to religion to science fails to understand what makes the scientific method different from these other paradigms, which remain in force and often with more acceptance. There is no science of hatred because hatred is not a scientific concept; for the same reason there is no science of God. The scientific method can be and should be applied to studying behavior of humans and out near ancestors that we bundle into fuzzy concepts like hatred (or love), but the value of the method is in proposing hypotheses that are backed up by specific kinds of evidence that can be assessed, debated and even contested.
The mass killings in Bosnia, or in Congo or in Syria or in just about any spot on the earth can in theory all be reduced to a fuzzy notion like "hate" but there is no scientific value in doing so. Humans interact with each other in unique social and cultural contexts. There are indeed biological predispositions, but "hatred" is not conceived in the womb. To best understand the why of mass murder or genocide and then denial of either the fact or the responsibility requires an approach that is scientific in the way that questions are formed, but artful in the way that they are interpreted.


text:
Before signing the embargo against Cuba, John F Kennedy ordered his H. Upmann Cigars. Herman Upmann married a descendant of Ponce de Leon. Spain found Florida during Easter week.
The first image is an Upmann Cigar poster found on Amazon.
Before signing the embargo against Cuba, John F Kennedy ordered his H. Upmann Cigars. Herman Upmann married a descendant of Ponce de Leon. Spain found Florida during Easter week.
The first image is an Upmann Cigar poster found on Amazon.
My bad writing skills do not allow me to use these relevant Florida artifacts. My description of the mask does not pass snuff. The Key Marco Cat fits well with the wives of my central god, Ptah, but any more than a passing reference does not work. My Ptah cult in Memphis, Florida ranges near Key Marco, but I doubt the natives made it due to Egypt. Talent can spin words to make a fit; nothing I came up with worked. Raven the myth and the bird crossed the Sarah Palin gulf; I doubt the cat myth did. I can rationalize Egyptian and Native American contact ad almost took that path, but I still didn't fully buy into the theory after I rote it. The path I eventually took gives me more leeway, so my writing can bumble about.
Wu-Wei, "the action of no action, " is a central concept in Taoism (Daoism). I see the Opossum as a Wu-Wei god. Native Americans gave us the central myth;
Coyote finds Possum in a tree; both play tricksters and Possum wins by playing dead. Those who study tricksters know, tricksters can play the winner or loser role.
George Amos Dorsey put the Trickster tale in his book, Traditions of the Caddo. TS Eliot appears to have seen this paradox. The poet, penned Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (It took stage as Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats). Wikipedia says Ezra Pound gave Eliot the "Old Possum" nickname (David Loy points out the Wu-Wei link, so we all may have seen this independently). The opossum image comes from Wikimedia. The center comes from the Wikipedia's Coyote page. We have the coyote cousin in Florida, so the last image comes from the Red Wolf page.
We be, the vessels, filled from others. You can make a dog, man's best friend or his worst enemy. So to, it be true, about men. "Them'" to them = us. You see them face the vase, between, good and bad, Gollum. Power can corrupt, even those most like the Hobbit's of the Shire. Up top you see faces of fame, forever linked. You have a paradox when:
the Is = the Is not.
Hybrid image: optical illusion was developed by Aude Oliva MIT and Philippe G. Schyns of University of Glasgow.
Smiles are attractive. They smile in your face, the back stabbers. Smiles = an ugly lie. The two outer pics, depict the trial of Phyrne. Did she display the truth? I had no time or desire to preach this message in my last post, still don't. Too complex. A look at the Wikipedia page for Phyrne helps (also source for Phyrne images). You may see:
Truth = Beauty = Ugly = Lie
The O'Jay's may agree. You may also note shades of pride and shame in the images of Phyrne. Poet may prefer the lesson John Keats gives in, Ode on a Grecian Urn.
I made my last post to poke fun at an intelligent man's big goof. The Sheldons of the world want more funding for subatomic research. The "God Particle" name has them in a bind and the fact they can't put in words what their research will bring the world. I doubt they will evaporate the universe with a goof, but I'm not smart enough to know what chain reactions may take place if they poke the Higgs Boson. I made a fool out of myself and an intelligent man; I apologize to us both. People want to know what they get for their money. It was my main point. Space gives us pretty pictures. Subatomic particles make us go "Huh?"
When you assume you make an ass out of you and me. I had a headache and couldn't sleep. He has other big problems.
Bikinis got their name from a little bomb test on an island named Bikini Atoll. It came out bigger than planned. A Higgs Bikini ( I imagine it will look like the photo the on the left) doesn't excite me; it looks too small. We might learn something, but pride may lead to a fall from Babel's tower. I know some nuclear physics, but I'm not in the Big Leagues; I retired from the little leagues due to my scrambled eggs for brains. Knowing about the Higgs does fill some idle curiosity, but I only want to know which Bikini I get. The Red Sonja picture (© Luigi Novi / Wikimedia Commons) gives me pleasure, but I also see how it may give me pain. Will a Sheldon understand this concept?


text:
Laptops and netbooks are widely used for business related work and for studies. It allows working without connecting the mains cord to the supply outlet. The laptop draws power from the battery for its working when it is not connected to the mains. The laptop batteries usually provide power for up to 8 hours to allow seamless work. The tips to prolong the life of a laptop battery are discussed in detailed in this article.
Most of the professionals are complaining nowadays that their laptop batteries are getting drained faster and unable to work for more hours while on the move. The tips given below will help to prolong the battery life and help to work more hours on your laptop using the battery.
Adjust the brightness
You need to focus on the energy consumed by the laptop's display. One of the simple ways to reduce power consumption by the laptop display is by reducing the brightness. You can make use of the Fn Key and the brightness key on the laptop to adjust the brightness of the display. You can also turn on and off the display using the Fn Key and LCD button on your laptop when you are not using the computer for some time.
You can also make use of the mobility center of Windows to gradually reduce or increase screen brightness. It can be activated by using Windows Key and X key together on Windows 7 OS laptops. On Windows 8 PCs, you can open the power user menu using Windows Key and X key together.
You can also set the screen to the dim position when you are away from the laptop for say 10 minutes or more to save power. You can open the control panel, click on system and security and then click on battery settings. You can find an option to adjust the screen brightness. You can either increase or reduce the screen brightness using the horizontal slider button. You can set the brightness to low using the mouse to save laptop battery power and work longer.
You can still watch the videos using the media player by reducing brightness and saving power.
Adjust The Power Options In The Control Panel To Save Laptop Battery
You can find Power Saver and balanced mode in the power settings. In the balanced mode, you will have the option to dim the display from say 1 minute to 5 hours or never. You can adjust the dim setting according to your needs. You can also turn off the display say after five minutes, 10 minutes etc. The balanced mode also allows setting the computer to sleep mode after say 15 minutes, 30 minutes etc to save laptop power.
You can also find the same settings in the power saver mode to adjust the settings to save power.
Save Power By Disabling Bluetooth And Other Hardware Devices
Advanced power settings in the control panel allow setting power saving options for the wireless adapter, USB, PCI Express, processor, and multimedia etc.
Some of the laptops are equipped with IR port and Bluetooth, wireless options. You can save power by disabling these functions when not in use. Disabling Bluetooth from the keyboard is very simple. You just need to press Fn key and Bluetooth button together to disable for saving power.
If you are not using WiFi, you can disable the WiFi by pressing Fn Key and WiFi key together. However, you can turn on the WiFi to utilize inflight WiFI during travel. You can also disable the WiFi adapter in the control panel to save laptop battery.
Run Troubleshooting
Make use of Power-Troubleshooter Option in Windows 7 and Windows 8 to scan for battery drains. The troubleshooting tool fixes the problems automatically and improves your battery life.
Disable Screen Savers
You need not screensavers on modern laptops. It simply consumes power. You can disable screen saver and extend battery life.
Stop Background Tasks
You need to prevent unwanted programs running in the background. You can enter the system tray, check unwanted programs and uninstall them to save power. You can also use MSConfig to prevent running of unwanted programs at startup. You can check the CPU usage and reduce it to save energy. You can make use of lightweight programs to reduce less reliance on system resources.
Reduce RAM Usage
It is suggested to reduce RAM usage and move some of the files to hard disk. You can also consider upgrading your Laptop's RAM and freeing the RAM usage. You can find important information about RAM usage and system resources usage using Task Manager.
Hibernate Your Computer To Save Power
Hibernating of your computer is advised to save the system state and power off the laptop. It saves the laptop power. In the sleep mode, your computer will still use some power.
Check Charging
If your computer is not charging, you can try cleaning the contacts of the battery using a cotton swab. However, you are advised to work carefully to prevent damage to the contacts.
Switch Hard Disk
You can consider your laptop hard disk to energy efficient SSD to reduce power usage.
The windows OS informs you about when to replace the battery to ensure the consistent working of your laptop. If your computer is switching off immediately when working on battery, it is time to replace the battery. You can consult your laptop manual to find the battery model of your laptop. You can buy the same model or equivalent model from online stores. It is advised to check the voltage rating and current rating of the new substitute model if the same model is not available. Most of the standard companies like Samsung, Dell and HP make it available good quality laptop batteries at online stores or authorized service centers.
You need to switch off the laptop and remove the power cord from the mains. You need to unplug the battery slowly from the laptop and insert a new battery with correct polarity to prevent bending of contacts.
You should always buy genuine batteries for your laptop to prevent health hazards.
Author Bio:
Thamina Jannat is a tech journalist and blogger on ProTechSourced.com – At ProTechSourced we provide you with all the latest information on technology related stories, products and much more .
Join StackBuddy Newsletter
Get latest updates about blogging, seo, affiliate marketing, make money online & other content right in your inbox.


text:
Rd Kontera Wordpress Plugin is used by 1 websites. Among 1, 0 site is within top 10,000 and 0 site is within top 100,000 websites.
Wordpress Plugin Information of
|Plugin Meta Name
|Plugin Meta Information
|Plugin Name
|More Information
Top 1 Websites built with Wordpress plugin
Birds & Blooms Blog


text:
Concise History of Japanese Art
by Swann, Peter C.
Kodansha USA Inc. Hardcover. 0870113771 Swann, Peter C.. A Concise History of Japanese Art. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1985. 332pp. Indexed. Illustrated. 12mo. Flexible vinyl. Book condition: Very good with scattered underlining and marginalia in ink . Dust Jacket Condition: Very good with light bumping to edges and light soiling to panels. . Very Good. 1985. (Inventory #: USWACON00DG)


text:
Take 4 capsules 3 times per day with a glass of water
Each capsule contains:
L-Glutamine (free form) 500mg
Encapsulated in a natural gelatin capsule with microcrystalline
cellulose and vegetable grade magnesium stearate.
Artificial Ingr. Free, Dairy Free, Soy Free, Wheat Free
Contains no dairy, egg, artificial preservatives, colours, artificial sweeteners, wheat, soya, or corn.
Consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you are following a low protein diet or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
You have no items in your shopping cart.


text:
People Planet Society Technology
Excellence should be a mindset by default , and for many of us it is, in fact I cannot imagine somebody going to work in the morning saying "Let's make as much trouble as possible" and yet…. How do we get into as much trouble as we do ? My answer is simple : Because we have poor (weak) decision making. And how is that possible? By information getting filtered out through "subjective analyze". In this blog I will be posting some comments on (global and local) issues, which could be a result of poor decision making, just for the sake of showing that this is a universal problem in all industries and through all categories or levels of decision takers.
Jimmy Van de Putte
Email : email@example.com Twitter : @JIMMYVDP
An idea of the global treats for the next decades :
http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2012/#ol=data-explorer Some further "reflections" : http://www.ascentofhumanity.com/text.php
27 February 2014
Voor elke Europeaan een eigen waarheid
6 comments:
This is a really good collection, a great resource for inspiration. Several are wonderful.http://awriter.org/bid4paperscomReplyDelete
Bonjour et merci pour votre contribution,, puis-je vous soumettre une question : me permettez-vous de faire un lien par mail vers cet article ? proessaywriting.comReplyDelete
Merci pour tout.
Very nice,thank you for your postReplyDelete
RS 2007 Gold
Brain Fitness Food Supplements for your mind are helping peoples.It give real preparing benefits. And Benefits are Enhanced MEMORY, FOCUS,Decreased FATIGUE,reduce STRESS RESPONSE, The best brain supplements are Citicoline,Curcumin,Magnesium Threonate,Acetyl L-Carnitine.Visit on www.shoplie.comReplyDelete
- AnonymousJanuary 8, 2017 at 2:11 AM
Every time that we get to see such blogs we should feel free to share them or the ideas in them with the other people. This is the most reliable and promising way of passing information to the people and hence establish contacts. It is by reading such content that we become able to focus on better ideas. Professional MBA Dissertation Lit Review Paraphrasing Help can enable you lay a good basis for your research paper writing by enabling you to have a quality literature review


text: Who would have guessed that Pittsburgh has a billion and one more surprises to my demise. I stumbled across Leona's Ice Cream a few months back and absolutely loved it. So, when the request to write about it came up I leaped at what is probably the BEST assignment ever! I bought my Leona's ice cream from Bryant Street Market on Bryant Street in Highland Park. This is just … [Read more...]


text:
BarZigKin (30) San Antonio, Texas | February 3, 2010
Nice store that offers a good selection at a fair price. They had several different beers from what I normally see in Dallas area. The staff was helpful and offered some info on a new shipment of Bourbon County Stout that was due to arrive shortly. Definitely worth the trip across the city and I'll be stopping in the next time I'm in town too.
Beerona97 (114) Washington | January 31, 2010
Cool place, nothing fancy. Great selection and prices seemed low compared to what I'm used to. Lots of good avery, new belgium, moylans, a few good imports, and they have beer from oklahoma too.
lithy (156) Capital of Appalachia, Pennsylvania | October 23, 2009
Big floorspace, low shelving, big selection. Some beer available cold, no mixed sixes which was unfortunate as I would have bought much more. Other than that, staff was extremely helpful, noticed I had a list and offered to look it over to make sure I didn't miss something they had. Prices seemed fair, featured their local brews from Diamond Bear right at the front of the store by the door, which is always nice to see.
MtStateBeer (22) Hurricane, West Virginia | August 23, 2009
This place has the best selection in Little Rock. The beer selection in Arkansas is not that great, but this place has anything that is distributed in the state. They have a fairly balanced selection. There is a good amount of German, English, and Belgian brews. They have beer on the shelves and in a cooler. The staff isn't really that helpful, but I never really asked for help. One time they did have a New Belgium tasting (La Folie and Biere de Mars) and the girl doing that was very nice. I'm sure their beer manager is on point though because he's picked out a pretty good selection. Prices are fairly reasonable.
blutt59 (180) Dallas, Texas | August 14, 2009
A good stop in Little Rock pretty close to the airport with broad selection of nationally distributed beer along with a few harder to find like some Goose Island and Lips of Faith series
jcdgoad (3) Arkansas | April 24, 2009
This is by far the best beer store in central Arkansas. They carry just about every beer available in central Arkansas including New Belgium, Diamond Bear, Avery, Boulevard, Unibroue. Eric, the beer manager, is very knowledgeable. I drive almost 60 miles to shop at this store. No other store in central Arkansas compares.
handsomejn (62) Arkansas | February 15, 2009
Great selection of beers. Arkansas is a bit limited, due to poor distributorship, but they are getting better. Springhill has most anything available in the state. Eric is the general manager and knows beer. They're good about getting what you want if they don't have it.
LilKem (23) Marietta, Ohio | May 29, 2007
probably the best selection in Little Rock, but that's not saying much. Has a lot of New Belgium, Diamond Bear and many other brews that you can find anywhere else in the US like Anchor (plus seasonals), Sierra Nevada, and Avery (limited selection).
clasley (5) Arkansas | March 25, 2007
I've scoured the Central Arkansas area and Springhill has the best beer selection I've found. Someone knows a bit about good beer there and has put some thought into their beer wall. Granted it doesn't compare to what other states have, but for Arkansas it's tops.
Cornfield (143) Oak Forest, Illinois | January 17, 2007
Not a bad shop, considering the location. The selection is good but rather small. In the micros they only carry New Belgium and one Arkansas brewery as the only beers not available in Illinois. Good staff. I'd stop back.
smhncabot (1) Cabot, Arkansas | December 22, 2006
this is pretty much the best in arkansas. selection is alright has some belgians and germans but american micro leaves much to be desired. staff isnt overly knowledgeable and can be curt at times and at other times they can be very helpfull.


text: Try the beta version of our new search results! Search Results Studies Variables Publications (1) Your query returned 1 citations. Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 1. 1994 Kherallah, Mylene W., Beghin, John C., Peterson, E. Wesley F., Ruppel, Fred J. Impacts of official development assistance on agricultural growth, savings and agricultural imports. Agricultural Economics. 11, (2-3), 99-110. Full Text Options: DOI Worldcat Google Scholar Export Options: RIS EndNote XML Results 1 - 1


text: HI I wake up each day and say today will be better. Yet ea. day isn't really getting much better. sorry pitty party. yet gotta call it for what it is. weight on her is huge, very very happy about that. yet now she's regressed again, probably due to doctor's pushing solids the other day to her. So, today i said ok we're headed into town. homecoming parade easy child was in it, and football game. carnival in town. I timed it, figured short walk thru town, petting zoo, ice cream, and she did sand art and got face painted. Than back to truck to sit, she begged to go on rides yet she can't. than i thought we'd drive to football game sit in bleachers etc. So, it began with us walking slow her speed isnt' up there, she doesn't look well. parents from the school saw us. instead of saying hi as we walked by they stared, with blank looks. I told difficult child dont' worry about it. than we go to the game. she is wiped at that point. i said ok we'll sit for a few than go home to rest. kids from her school along with-more charming parents see us. the pointing begins, the laughing, the stares. I couldn't bare it and i'm 40!!! difficult child took one look at me and said mom i wanna go. her skin was crawling. you know me i did the it's your town too b.s. yet at end of day i'm terribly hurt. I had a gut feeling i knew this would happen. she never had alot of friends here, neither do i. it's my husband's ex's town and she let that be known 4 years ago when i moved in. pretty much killed any chance i had of making a friend by bad mouthing me to everyone. Very Very small town by the way. and to boot my husbands' ex sees difficult child and walks right by her, meanwhile i'm waving to ex's stepdaugther. WTF. she's a true piece of you know what. difficult child was upset, i calmed her we went home. yet me i'm crushed. i had a feeling this would happen here when i went back out with-her. and i was right. people here disappoint greatly. truly sickening. i told husband if this keeps up i want to move. difficult child isn't attending this school anymore, easy child is graduating in june. nothing is holding us here. i've always hated this town anyway


text:
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
The Effect of Age, Diagnosis, and Previous Surgery in Children and Adults Undergoing Heart Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease
Author + information
- Received July 5, 2007
- Revision received March 25, 2009
- Accepted April 2, 2009
- Published online July 7, 2009.
Author Information
- Jacqueline M. Lamour, MD⁎,⁎ (jlamour{at}montefiore.org),
- Kirk R. Kanter, MD†,
- David C. Naftel, PhD‡,
- Maryanne R. Chrisant, MD§,
- William R. Morrow, MD∥,
- Barry S. Clemson, MD¶,
- James K. Kirklin, MD‡,
- CTRD (Cardiac Transplant Registry Database) and the PHTS (Pediatric Heart Transplant Study)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Jacqueline M. Lamour, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, New York 10467
Objectives We sought to evaluate the outcomes and identify risk factors for mortality after heart transplantation (HT) for congenital heart disease (CHD) in infants, children, and adults.
Background CHD is considered a risk factor for mortality after HT, yet this unique group of patients represents a spectrum of complexity.
Methods There were 488 patients transplanted for CHD from the combined Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (1993 to 2002, n = 367) and the Cardiac Transplant Registry Database (1990 to 2002, n = 121) who were analyzed.
Results The median age at HT was 12.4 years. Primary diagnosis included single ventricle (36%), d-transposition of the great arteries (12%), right ventricular outflow tract lesions (10%), l-transposition of the great arteries (8%), ventricular/atrial septal defects (8%), left ventricular outflow obstruction (8%), and other (18%). Ninety-three percent of patients had at least 1 operation before HT. Survival at 3 months post-HT was significantly worse in CHD patients versus children with cardiomyopathy, but not adults with cardiomyopathy (86%, 94%, and 91%, respectively). There was no difference in conditional 3-month survival among the 3 groups. Five-year survival was 80%. Risk factors for early mortality were older recipient age, older donors with longer ischemic times, and pre-HT Fontan operations. Predicted survival in Fontan patients was lower (77% and 70% at 1 and 5 years) versus non-Fontan patients (88% and 81% at 1 and 5 years). Risk factors for constant phase mortality included younger recipient age, higher transpulmonary gradient, cytomegalovirus mismatch at HT, and earlier classical Glenn operation.
Conclusions Patients undergoing transplantation for CHD have a good late survival if they survive the early post-operative period. Risk factors for reduced survival are older age at transplant and a previous Fontan operation.
Long-term survival in children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) has improved markedly with advances in medical and surgical therapies. Despite these advances, a growing number of patients with complex CHD will ultimately require heart transplantation (HT) for end-stage heart failure. CHD has been identified as a risk factor for 1-year outcome after transplantation (1), but studies identifying specific risk factors for poor outcome after transplantation for CHD in the combined adult and pediatric population have not been performed.
The PHTS (Pediatric Heart Transplant Study) and the CTRD (Cardiac Transplant Research Database) are prospective, event-driven registries that collect information from the time of listing for transplant in patients <18 years of age (PHTS) and the time of transplant in patients >18 years of age (CTRD) (2). The purpose of this study was to use the data available from the PHTS and CTRD registries to generate a combined dataset that would enable evaluation of outcomes after HT in patients of all ages with end-stage CHD and to identify risk factors for mortality after transplantation in this group.
This study is a retrospective multi-institutional analysis of a merged dataset generated from the CTRD and PHTS registries. The CTRD population consisted of 7,345 patients >18 years of age transplanted at 35 centers from January 1990 through December 2002. The PHTS population consisted of 923 patients <18 years of age at the time of listing for HT. A total of 366 patients <6 months of age were excluded to eliminate 291 (80%) of the infants undergoing HT as a primary surgical procedure. Of the remaining 20%, some of whom were listed for transplantation and underwent palliative procedures while awaiting suitable donor organs, all needed transplant <6 months after their last surgical procedure. This unique group of infants was thought not to be generalizable to the entire cohort of pediatric and adult patients with CHD undergoing transplantation. The outcomes of infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome listed for cardiac transplantation using this same registry data have been published previously (3).
Patients with the diagnosis of CHD who underwent HT were identified. Multiple recipient and donor variables were examined to identify risk factors for survival after transplantation. Recipient variables included CHD diagnosis, United Network for Organ Sharing status at transplantation, surgical history, and listing hemodynamics. Pulmonary vascular resistance and percent reactive antibody data were not available for analysis. Donor variables included echocardiographic and angiographic data, cause of death, inotropic support, and cytomegalovirus mismatch. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and nonparametric and parametric hazard models. Survival was compared among patients with CHD and those with cardiomyopathy <18 and >18 years of age. Risk factors for death among the patients with CHD were identified using multivariable analysis in the parametric hazard domain.
There were 488 patients (121 of 7,345 [1.6%] patients in the CTRD and 367 of 923 [40%] patients in the PHTS database) with the diagnosis of CHD who underwent HT during the study period. Total patient-years of follow-up were 442 in the adult patients and 1,095 in the pediatric patients. Median follow-up was 2.3 years for the entire cohort and 3.3 years for surviving patients. The age distribution of the patients is represented in Figure 1.The mean age was 14.8 years, with a median of 12.4 years and a range of 6 months to 62 years. There were 29 patients older than 40 years.
The major diagnostic categories are shown in Table 1.Single ventricle patients (36%) represented the largest group. Patients with a systemic right ventricle (d-transposition of the great arteries [TGA] and l-TGA) represented 20% of the population. Right outflow tract lesions, most commonly tetralogy of Fallot, were present in 10% of the population. Other diagnoses were equally distributed among ventricular and atrial septal defects, left ventricular outflow tract lesions, and atrioventricular canal defects.
The last major surgical operation performed before HT is illustrated in Figure 2;454 (93%) of patients had at least 1 operation before transplantation. The average time from last operative procedure to HT for patients in the PHTS registry was 3.9 ± 4.2 years. There is no data field for this information in the CTRD. Four-chamber repairs were performed in 142 (29%) patients, with an additional 49 (10%) patients undergoing Mustard procedures. The Fontan operation was the last surgical procedure in 107 patients, representing 22% of the CHD population. The mean age at transplant in the Fontan patients was 15 years. Staged palliation for single ventricle, including the Norwood procedure or variants of the Glenn procedure, was the last operation performed before transplantation in approximately 20% of patients.
Figure 3compares the Kaplan-Meier post-transplant survival of patients with CHD of any age with adult and pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy. Survival in the CHD patients was significantly worse than survival in pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy (p < 0.01) and no different from that in adults with cardiomyopathy (p = 0.07). Survival at 3 months was 86% for patients with CHD, 91% for adults with cardiomyopathy, and 94% for children with cardiomyopathy. Conditional survival of patients who survived the initial 3 months post-transplant is shown in Figure 4.Conditional 3-month survival was not significantly different among these groups. Five-year survival was approximately 80%.
In patients with CHD, Kaplan-Meier survival differed among the diagnostic groups. The patients with TGA had the highest survival and patients with atrioventricular canal defect demonstrated the worst survival: 88% versus 62%, respectively (p = 0.02). Survival was significantly worse with increasing ischemic times (p = 0.02). The mean ischemic time was 228 min for patients having 1 to 2 previous sternotomies and 242 min for patients having >3 sternotomies. An interaction was seen among recipient age, donor age, and ischemic time, with the predicted probability of death increasing in the older recipients with respect to older donor age and longer ischemic time. A 40-year-old recipient who received a 50-year-old donor heart and had a 3-h ischemic time had a 15% probability of death within 1 year, compared with a 40% probability of death within 1 year if that donor's ischemic time was 5 h.
The results of multivariable analysis for risk factors associated with both early and constant phase death in patients with CHD are shown in Table 2.During the early phase after transplantation, older recipient age at transplant (30 years vs. 10 years) had a 1.5-fold increased risk of death, long ischemic time (300 min vs. 180 min for a 20-year-old donor) had a 1.6-fold increased risk, and older donor age in combination with a long ischemic time (35 years vs. 12 years at 300 min) had a 1.4-fold increased risk.
Having a previous Fontan procedure increased the relative risk of death to 8.6. Figure 5compares the survival post-transplant of Fontan patients with all other patients with CHD having transplantation. One-year survival was 71% in the Fontan patients and 83% in the non-Fontan CHD patients. Five-year survival was 60% in the Fontan patients and 74% in the non-Fontan patients.
In the constant phase, younger recipient age increased the risk of late death post-transplant. Figure 6shows a stratified actuarial by age. Patients transplanted between the ages of 6 and 12 years had a 28% decline in survival in the 6 to 8 years after transplantation; patients >20 years of age at transplant had similar 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. Other risk factors for mortality in the constant phase included a higher systolic transpulmonary gradient, cytomegalovirus mismatch in a negative recipient at the time of transplant, and an earlier classical Glenn operation.
This large multicenter study evaluated outcomes after HT in 488 children >6 months of age and adults with CHD and identified risk factors for early and constant phase mortality. The ability to undertake cardiac transplantation with complex CHD has been in evolution.
Transplantation for CHD was first reported in 1967 and involved an infant with complex CHD (4). Multiple subsequent reports have addressed the surgical techniques required for transplantation in this setting (5–9). HT is increasingly considered a treatment option for patients with CHD and end-stage heart failure. According to the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, children with CHD account for 47% of the pediatric patients undergoing HT (1).
This study demonstrated an early difference in survival between patients with CHD who underwent transplantation compared with pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy. Three-month survival post-transplant was significantly worse in the patients with CHD compared with pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy, but not with adults with cardiomyopathy. Analysis from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation also identified CHD as a risk factor for 1-year mortality, but the finding of increased risk in older recipients and Fontan patients was not shown in that dataset. In our analysis, conditional survival in patients who survived the first 3 months after transplant was no different among the groups, indicating that the increased risk of mortality is likely related to peri-transplant issues. Several single-center studies have identified no increased early risk after transplantation for CHD compared with other conditions (7,10,11). However, the power of these analyses was limited by smaller sample sizes.
Although transplantation for adults with acquired heart disease and end-stage heart failure has become routine, experience with HT in adults with CHD is sparse. As survival among patients with CHD improves, more such patients can be expected to present for consideration for HT as a final treatment option. According to the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 3% of adults undergoing HTs have CHD as an indication for transplant (12). Experience with adults and CHD has been varied in both the complexity of patients and the reported survival rates (8,13,14). Lamour et al. (15) reported results of 24 adult patients with CHD, one-half of whom had single-ventricle anatomy. Survival in this series was 79% at 1 year and 60% at 5 years. In this small series, there was no anatomic or surgical risk factor that could be identified as predictive of death, although 4 of 5 early deaths were in patients who had single-ventricle anatomy. More recently, Chen et al. (16), from the same institution, reported experience with combined pediatric and adult patients with CHD undergoing HT. There was a significant difference in 30-day mortality between CHD patients and the entire cohort. However, the long-term survival of patients with and without CHD was comparable. Since 1990, 1- and 5-year survivals were 82% and 77%, respectively. The majority of deaths were intraoperative or related to bleeding.
A striking finding in this study was the degree of risk found in HT patients with an earlier Fontan procedure. As the number of patients surviving single-ventricle initial palliation and subsequent Fontan procedure increases, the known propensity for late cardiac failure post-Fontan will likely generate a growing subset of transplant recipients. Although cause of death was not analyzed in this study, one can speculate from other smaller studies why this degree of risk was found in our study. Other studies (8,16–18) and in particular, the Fontan analysis within the Pediatric Heart Transplant database (19), underscores the complexity of these patients. These complexities are not only associated with the technical challenges related to individual anatomy and multiple earlier palliative procedures, but also to difficulty in evaluating pulmonary vascular resistance and an increased propensity for infection and bleeding in Fontan patients.
Pulmonary vascular resistance in many complex CHD patients and Fontan patients is difficult to assess and was not analyzed in this study. Anomalies within the pulmonary vasculature or dual supplies of pulmonary blood flow may make accurate calculations of resistance impossible. In addition, patients with sluggish blood flow to the pulmonary arteries or loss of hepatic blood flow are at risk for microemboli and arteriovenous malformations that may change the distribution of flow to the right and left lung. It may be erroneous to assume that because a Fontan patient is alive, the pulmonary vascular resistance is low enough to tolerate an HT (20).
Bernstein et al. (19) noted Fontan patients had a trend toward increased risk of death from infection: 30% versus 21% in CHD patients and 13% in non-CHD patients. Patients with a failed Fontan and, in particular, those with protein-losing enteropathy, are generally cachetic, edematous, and lymphopenic, which predisposes them to infection. This infection risk is increased by the introduction of immunosuppression immediately after transplantation and may explain the increase in infection seen in Fontan patients after transplantation. A trend toward increased early graft failure, hemorrhage, and technical and operative deaths in these Fontan patients was also noted in this study. In the previously cited study by Lamour et al. (15), 4 of 5 early deaths were in Fontan patients. Three of these patients had significant surgical bleeding, resulting in 2 deaths. The presence of aortopulmonary collaterals in some Fontan patients and vascular adhesions after multiple operations may increase the risk for bleeding. In addition, many Fontan patients had some degree of hepatic dysfunction, which could increase the likelihood of post-operative coagulopathy.
Although recipient preformed antibody data were not available, CHD patients with multiple reoperations and transfusions and the possibility of homograft material being used in some repairs increase the risk of pre-sensitization, which could affect early graft function and increase the likelihood of early graft failure (21,22). Neither database identified whether the surgeons performing HT on these CHD patients were trained congenital cardiac surgeons. One could speculate that this might influence surgical outcomes. In addition, associated genetic disorders are not well captured in the databases. Although this population likely represents a small number of patients, this too may influence outcome after HT. As these databases evolve, inclusion of these data fields would improve our dataset and allow these factors to be analyzed in assessing outcome after transplantation in patients with CHD.
The finding of young recipient age as a risk factor in the constant phase contradicts other studies that suggest superior conditional long-term survival in infants <1 year of age (1). When survival is stratified by recipient age at transplant, patients undergoing transplantation between 6 and 12 years of age have a dramatic decrease in survival 6 to 8 years after surgery. Decline in survival of transplant patients when they reach their teen and early adult years has also been reported by others and is likely related to nonadherence. Late rejection after transplantation is associated with nonadherence and poor outcome (23,24).
HT for patients with CHD is an acceptable and encouraging option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Once out of the initial post-operative period, survival is the same as for patients without CHD. Risk factors for poor outcome are older age at transplantation and a previous Fontan operation. New strategies are needed to neutralize the underlying transplant risks unique to the failing Fontan patient.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- congenital heart disease
- heart transplantation
- transposition of the great arteries
- Received July 5, 2007.
- Revision received March 25, 2009.
- Accepted April 2, 2009.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- ↵
- ↵
- Hsu D.,
- Naftel D.C.,
- Webber S.A.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Hasan A.,
- Au J.,
- Hamilton J.R.,
- Hunter S.,
- Hilton C.J.,
- Dark J.H.
- Hsu D.T.,
- Quaegebeur J.M.,
- Michler R.E.,
- et al.
- ↵
- Carrel T.,
- Neth J.,
- Pasic M.,
- et al.
- ↵
- ↵
- Petko M.,
- Myung R.J.,
- Wernovsky G.,
- et al.
- ↵
- Bernstein D.,
- Naftel D.,
- Chin C.,
- et al.
- ↵
- ↵
- Jacobs J.P.,
- Quintessenza J.A.,
- Boucek R.J.,
- et al.
- ↵


text:
We offer design, messaging & research services for all of the aforementioned elements to assure that your brand experience comprehensively captures your essence for key audiences.
We using advanced targeting methodologies and strategies to reach your target audiences, and build your online presence effectively.
Our leads database is your most comprehensive, up-to-date resource for finding business sales leads and mailing lists. You wont be wasting your time and money chasing incorrect or incomplete leads.
More than just a marketing company
We're a full-service marketing company based in Johor, Malaysia. We have a talented team of marketing specialists, graphic designer and web developer who work hard to help your business achieve its goals. Were more than just a creative marketing company, we are sharp strategists with great experience and understanding of marketing trade and advanced digital methodologies. We help you create your brand from scratch, develop it into something special that speaks to your audience and then we will protect your brand and company image with public relations to keep you and your business on top of its game.