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"Shortbread with a caramel layer topped with chocolate; heaven in a bar. A bit fiddly but well worth the effort. Do not be put off by the list of ingredients as you are making 3 items to become 1 deliciously fattening slice. I usually have a queue of family and workmates waiting for it."
Caramel Shortcake or Millionaire's Shortbread
0 recipe photos
READY IN:1hr
YIELD:12 squares
Ingredients Nutrition
- 8 ounces butter
- 4 ounces sugar
- 12 ounces plain flour
- 8 ounces butter or 8 ounces margarine
- 4 ounces sugar
- 4 tablespoons syrup
- 1 (410 g) can sweetened condensed milk
- 8 ounces chocolate
- 1 ounce butter
- BASE (first 3 ingredients):
- Cream butter and sugar.
- Add the flour and stir to make a mixture that is soft and will go together when squashed.
- Lightly knead and then roll out or place into a deep Swiss roll tin.
- Press into place with the palm of your hand until even.
- Prick all over with a fork.
- Bake in the oven for 25 minutes gas 4.
- Cool in the tin.
- FILLING (middle four ingredients):
- Place the butter, sugar, syrup, and condensed milk into a pan and bring slowly to a boil.
- Stir until the sugar is dissolved.
- Once boiling keep on a slow boil stirring all the time for about 5 to 7 minutes.
- Caramel should be thick and golden.
- Allow to cool.
- When cool pour over the biscuit mixture and leave to set.
- TOPPING (last 2 ingredients):
- Melt the chocolate and butter over a pan of simmering water.
- Spread over top of the caramel layer.
- Cut into squares or fingers once set.
- Do not be put off by the stages; very easy and worth the wait. It looks like you have been in the kitchen and slaving over the cooker for hours. You will get compliments with this one.
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It's true what they say about children being rough on furniture, floors, toys and whatnot, but rarely do you hear about the beating parents' bodies take from their offspring, even if we do witness it from time to time. (Images of father and son batting practice come to mind - when the ball ends up in Dad's groin rather than his glove.)
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Lately, I've been feeling like my kids' personal jungle gym. My daughter, now 4, naturally thinks she's smaller than she actually is. I suppose that with growth comes a bit of clumsiness, and this seems to result in her stepping on my bare feet with regularity. My body also is put at substantial risk when I dare to lie down on the floor. Somehow, children translate this to mean that you desire to be used as a human trampoline, when in fact, what it usually means for me is that I'm so exhausted I simply cannot stand or even sit a minute longer. Ah, the irony.
Recently - when the children caught me in this vulnerable, reclined position - Billy discovered my belly button and diligently attempted to remove it from me - he's at the stage where he assumes no object is fixed, and he's usually right. This behavior illustrates why I can no longer safely wear jewelry, and why so many moms opt for short hair. Anything dangling in front of a baby soon will be grabbed and pulled as hard as you can imagine. Even the dog knows this.
The introduction of teeth into my littlest one's mouth is cause for more concern and pain. What was before harmless sucking and gumming on my shoulder, leg or nose has turned to a less than pleasant sensation that leaves a mark. Though they've only just broken the surface, those two lower teeth are surprisingly sharp. I'll count my blessings, however, until the top ones arrive and he decides to try them out while nursing.
more Lewis columns
I once said that the best fitness program is having small children, and while I stand by this statement, I must add that there's a risk of destroying your lower back (among the other previously-mentioned body parts). One day soon, I'll make an effort to record the number of times per day I lift my children up, and the number of minutes I schlep the baby around. I'm sure I'd never consider doing that many repetitions at the gym. This constant backache makes me wonder if evolution didn't go seriously wrong when we became bipeds.
Parenting is no job for the frail, I say. Dr. Seuss couldn't have put it better when he wrote in his beloved book, "Hop on Pop," (in response to the children who like to hop on top of Pop): "STOP. You must not hop on Pop." Unless, that is, he'd have said, "No, no Sister. No, no Brother. Do not terrorize your mother!"
Lisa Lewis is a full-time mom residing in Athens with husband Geoff, daughter Ella and son Billy.
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Linzer torte
This little Linzer torte is what was left after our New Years Eve dinner. I had never eaten this traditional Austrian cake before until just before Christmas when we were invited to a friend's house. She is a wonderful cook anyway, but oh my, this was so delicious. I do have a sweet tooth, I know I do, but this was just so tasty!
I immediately decided to make it for our New Years Eve dinner. It turned out Linzer torte needs to be made at least 1 week in advance but better even longer. That worked extremely well with our festive schedule. Bake it before all the hussle and bussle and then quietly leave it to get ready on it's own for the last big party at New Years Eve.
Our big cake had stars on top like my friend's had. Traditionally Linzer tortes have a lattice design, but these little flowers are cute as well, especially with Christmas behind us now. I might try one with hearts for Valentine's!
Linzer Torte
You'll Need...
- 125g soft butter
- 250g sugar
- Grated zest of 1/2 a lemon
- 300g wholemeal flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 150g hazelnuts
- 1 egg
- 6 tablespoons of milk
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 250g raspberry jam
- 1 egg yolk
- Start by grounding the hazelnuts until it is soft like flour.
- Then add the sugar, the flour, the lemon zest, the cinnamon and the baking powder.
- Add the butter, the egg and the milk and mix everything until it sticks together in one ball of dough.
- Wrap the dough in clingy film and put in the fridge for an hour at least.
- Preheat the oven to 175C and grease or line the baking tin.
- Roll 2/3 of the pastry out and line the baking tin.
- Spoon the jam into the pastry case and spread evenly.
- Roll out the remaining pastry and cut out shapes with biscuit cutters. Place on top of the jam.
- Beat the egg yolk lightly and brush on top of the pastry.
- Bake for 50 minutes and then leave to cool.
- Once the cake is cool, wrap it in foil or put it in a cake tin and leave if for at least 1 week.
Additional Notes
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1530 Griggs Street SE, Grand Rapids MI, 49507
Sold Price:
3 beds , 2 Full baths
1,731 sqft
Status: Closed
Last Updated: 1/21/2018 2:35 PM
Description for 1530 Griggs Street SE Grand Rapids, MI 49507
Step inside this wonderful home close to Eastown. This 3 bedroom, 2 bath home has had updates throughout and is located on a large corner lot. Lots of storage throughout this home. The kitchen has a newer back-splash, new AC, new garage door, new tile in basement, and more. The breezeway between the garage and the house is a lot of added space and a way to keep dry from the rain or warm from the winter months. This home boasts two wood burning fireplaces - one in the family room and one in the basement. A tub has even been added to the basement bathroom. On a large corner lot...You'll love this neighborhood ... within walking distance to schools and many area shops/restaurants. Homes in this area are selling fast, so be sure to get in to see what it has to offer!
Sold Price:
Sold Date:12/09/2016
City Of Grand Rapids
2 Full
1,731 (approx)
Listing Information
City Of Grand Rapids
Public Sewer
Generator, Electric
School Information
Room Information
Family Room
Butler Pantry
Interior Features
Oven Built-in, Dishwasher, Refrigerator
Central Air
Gas Heat, Forced Air
Basement, Full
Exterior / Lot Features
Attached Garage
Sidewalks, Corner, Public Roads, Level, Acreage
Driving Directions
Burton to Kalamazoo turn north to Griggs turn east Home is on south side of street.
Financial Considerations
Listing Price History
Grand Rapids Real Estate
Grand Rapids is located in Michigan. Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 has a population of 195,097.
The median household income in Grand Rapids, Michigan 49507 is $39,913. The median household income for the surrounding county is $52,716 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Grand Rapids 49507 is 30.9 years.
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Having returned from a week at CinemaCon in Las Vegas, do your homework before asking stupid questions of movie stars next time out.
A couple of examples, I'm definitely not proud of:
The first was with Harrison Ford who was at the convention to promote his November 1st Lionsgate release ENDER'S GAME.
I asked Ford whether he was surprised at how well "42" had performed at the box office. Well, not only did that not come out right, it didn't seem to please Ford either.
The point I'd meant to get across was that the film had outperformed its projections by nearly $10 million on opening weekend.
Ford's exact answer—which I seem to have blocked out of my mind—indicated that he wasn't thrilled with my banal question.
But oh no, I didn't stop there!
I followed that by bringing up STAR WARS—and should've known better.
"Any news about your rumored return to the LucasFilm franchise?" I asked?
"You talking to ME?" Ford shot back.
Strike 2.
The next star for me to make a fool of myself with with was Melissa McCarthy. Classy lady, can't be more than five feet tall. And she was pushing THE HEAT in which she co-stars as a foul-mouthed cop with a much taller Sandra Bullock.
My question to McCarthy; Had she ever considered crossing over from all out, wild comedy to drama?
Not the greatest question, but I thought it was a safe one.
Until she answered that's all she'd ever had done until her breakthrough with comedy.
If only I'd done my research first…….
At least she was gracious about it, and even shook my hand after the interview.
Other observations from CinemaCon include comedian Kevin Hart's reaction to his introduction where he was plugging his upcoming live concert-comedy film called LET ME EXPLAIN.
Apparently Hart wasn't too thrilled at the light applause he received.
"You all can do better that that," he said. "Stop being racist, clap your hands people."
And director Guillermo del Toro with his PACIFIC RIM due in theaters soon, defended controversial elements of his films by telling us, "This movie comes with sauce. And if you don't like the sauce, don't eat the fucking sandwich."
Universal honcho Adam Fogelson's insight into his studio's musical hit LES MISERABLES went something like this: "Unfortunately not many characters actually survived to the end in LES MIS. There will not be a sequel forthcoming. But we're working on other options."
HANGOVER franchise director Todd Phillips offered a nice comeback when asked about HANGOVER III opening smack dab against FAST & FURIOUS 6.
"Come on, it's fucking Vin Diesel and The Rock."
And Adam Sandler brought just about his entire cast of GROWN UPS 2 to the worldwide movie conclave and got a good shot in at the expense of SMURFS 2.
"You overseas people are fucking excited about SMURFS 2," he observed to the gathering which pretty well brought down the house.
So may the FARCE be with you. It sure was with me.
I'd have probably been better off hanging with the Pawn Stars just down the Strip.


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Ice-Bath Onions: Taming the Allium
A short little post for a stellar back-pocket kitchen technique to elevate, and tame, a simple ingredient: raw onion.
The method could barely be easier: Soak sliced (or chopped) raw onions in an ice bath for 20 to 30 minutes. Drain. Eat.
The cold water neutralizes many of the sulfur compounds responsible for the strong, almost hot, taste of onions. In doing so, the onions lose that characteristic bite, allowing the pure flavor and subtle sweetness to shine through. (Heating, as you might have guessed, has the same effect — think how soft and mellow caramelized and grilled onions can be.) Raw onions soaked in water with ice will also get very crisp.
We like it with any of the bulb onions (e.g., Vidalia, yellow, white, or spring bulb onions), but are most partial to red onions for their bright color + added nutritional benefits that come with blue/purple produce.
These are a terrific topping for smoky chilli, spicy Indian dishes, and grilled pork, poultry, red meat, and seafood. Imagine they'd do equally as well with your favorite sausage, burger or even meatballs, or with meatless options like grilled eggplant, portobellos, tofu or tempeh. I'm excited to experiment with socca flatbread + one of our Friday night homemade pizza soon.
Tops on our list so far is tucking the crisp red onions into grilled fish tacos with lime-cilantro peppers and a cumin-spiked grilled pineapple-cabbage slaw. Perfect with an ice cold IPA, a glass of fresh and bright white or rosé wine, or even a light Pinot Noir as we enjoyed!
What's in it for me?
One serving of sliced onions (about 8 to 10 thin rings, or roughly 1/2 cup) offers approximately 25 calories, 1 gram (g) protein, 6 g carbohydrate, only 2.5 g sugar, and virtually zero sodium, fat, and cholesterol. This serving also provides about 7% of your daily vitamin C needs, 5% of your vitamin B6, and 4% that of fiber.
The bright purple-y color of red onions indicates the presence of anthocyanins (a type of flavonoid) and lycopene (a type of carotenoid) — potent antioxidants that promote heart health and cancer-fighting benefits. In addition, the sulfur compounds (characteristic of Alliums (e.g., garlic and other stalk + bulb onions) help the body synthesize the antioxidant glutathione — a powerful anti-inflammatory that helps increase the health of your immune and cardiovascular systems, and has been linked to prevention of some cancers.
Soaking your raw onions in an ice water bath is one of those little ideas that can make a big difference — minimizing the sharp, spicy pungency, while maximizing sweetness and crunch. No burn, no overpowering taste, and little to no risk of that lingering onion aftertaste. If you have older onions that are otherwise a bit sad and limp, this trick can also be a means of revival.
A fast, flavorful and fresh twist to this basic everyday ingredient you probably have in your kitchen already, it's a simple trick you can and should try this summer!
Cheers, Heather
Tell me… What are your favorite dishes to top with raw onions?
- 2 cups cool or cold water
- Handful of ice cubes
- 1 medium to large red onion, peeled
- In a medium bowl, stir together the water and ice cubes to make an ice bath. Set aside.
- Use a sharp knife to slice the whole onion into thin rings. Alternatively, cut the onion in half, then cut into thin slices or any size dice you like. Add the onions to the ice bath, and give the contents a good stir. Set the bowl aside to soak at least 20 to 30 minutes, up to 2 hours; does not need to be refrigerated, but won't hurt if you have the space.
- When ready to use, drain the onions well (pat dry, if you like) and use immediately, or refrigerate, covered, up to 1 hour until needed.
+ Boost flavor by splashing in a bit of lime or lemon juice, or cider or wine vinegar. Really amp it up by swapping the water entirely for one of these alternatives. (You may need to add a bit of honey or pinch of sugar to balance the vinegar, however.)
+ Add 1 Tbsp fresh or 1 tsp dried herbs for a subtle background note -- chives, oregano, thyme, rosemary or sage sound good.
+ Sprinkle over a pinch of hot red chilli flakes to give it a spicy kick.
+ Cut the bite entirely with this Cook's Illustrated recommendation to soak the onions for 15 minutes in a baking soda solution (1 Tbsp per 1 cup water): http://buff.ly/2oEbIWh. (Haven't tried, but CI is always on point with food science tips.)
+ + + +
Check out my downloadable nutrition guides.
p.s. I love hearing from you! Check back if you ask a question, because I'll answer it here.
And if you enjoyed this post, please consider sharing. Thanks!
Twitter ⋄ Facebook ⋄ Pinterest ⋄ Instagram ⋄ Google+ ⋄ LinkedInEat Well Edibles Recipe


text: Posted March 4, 2012 Just curious, haven't seen this one put together obviously and all sites only show the blade in a completely front position, but I am wondering if the blade swivels to the right or left like most plows do? I would imagine so because of the 2 mini-LA's, but I'm not sure as DLuders just posted the 'b' model pdf instructions...anybody know? That would be a definite plus feature. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Ready to grow your company into a global brand?
Good plan, says Emergent Research's Steve King. "Almost 75% of global GDP growth over the next 10 years is expected to come from emerging market countries. How can you not participate in that growth?"
More good news from Vivaldi Partners' Erich Joachimsthaler. "Today, we run a global business in a hyperlocal fashion. Collaboration between headquarters and subsidiaries is changing profoundly due to…new social technology and collaboration tools. The world is still round, NOT flat."
But globalization can be like a real-life blended family. SAP's Mike Morel warns, "Subsidiaries have been the stepchildren of the corporate world, always a second priority."
Enterprise Management Associates' Shawn Rogers sums it up: "Wherever you go…there you are and don't you forget it."
Pour a cup and join us for Subsidiaries: No, Virginia, the World Is Not Flat!


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How Old are You Really?
A new frontier in medical science is making a historic splash in the way many researchers are thinking about the aging process. The length of our telomeres (protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that fray away and diminish naturally as we get older) may hold the key to discovering how well our bodies will age and our susceptibility to chronic illnesses.
Test How Well You are Aging "On the Inside"
One researcher from Spectracell said in a recent NBC interview that the value of telomeres testing for the general public is as a measure of how well you are aging on the inside. The wearing of telomeres over time, which progresses at significantly different rates for different people, even those close in chronological age, is based on a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is linked to increased vulnerability to age-related illnesses.
Changing Your Genetic Material—for Better or Worse
One aspect of telomere length, it's potential for malleability, is garnering wide attention from both researchers and the general public alike.
According to a growing number of studies, both age and lifestyle habits are variables affecting telomere length. If you're a smoker, for example, or are under severe psychological stress, you are more likely to carry relatively shorter chromosome caps, says Elissa Epel, a health psychologist at UCSF, who also found that telomeres were shorter in women who reported more stress levels.
Taking Vitamins C, E and B12 shown to lengthen Telomeres
A study of data from 586 female participants in a breast cancer patient research survey conducted by the National Institutes of Health found on average 5.1% longer telomeres in daily users of multivitamins than in nonusers. Increased telomere length was associated with one a day and antioxidant formula use, and vitamin B12 use. Vitamins C and E from food were also noticed to protect against loss of telomeres.
Exclusive Interview with TA Sciences Founder Noel Patton
Conducted by Brian Duggan June 6, 2011 in New York City
Brian Duggan: Can you tell me about your original interest in healthy aging and Telomere Science?
Noel Patton: I started to notice the inflictions of old age setting in, such as a stiff knee and whatever, so I got interested in anti-aging medicine at that time, that's 15 years ago, for myself. At that time, anti-aging medicine was pretty primitive and had very few legitimate people in it.


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- Bill Belichick: Tuesday is major working day for Patriots
- Mojo Rawley: Rob Gronkowski will be 'good to go' for Super Bowl
- What to look for in upcoming 'The Two Bills' ESPN 30-for-30 documentary with Bill Belichick, Bill Parcells
- Tomase: NFL makes right call rejecting veterans' 'Please stand' Super Bowl LII ad
- Gisele Bundchen apparently asked Jay Feely to convince Tom Brady to retire
- Alex Rodriguez will reportedly join ESPN's 'Sunday Night Baseball'
- Why Patriots wearing white jerseys in Super Bowl LII is significant
- 10 of the silliest Super Bowl LII prop bets
- Bill Belichick's nickname with Giants was absolutely perfect, ESPN's 30-for-30 reveals
- Tuesday's Mashup: Jake Tapper rips Patriots as 'cheating team,' tweets out 2015 Don Van Natta-Seth Wickersham ESPN story
- Keefer Madness: Philly fan who ran into pole and train goes on a media tour. 1-23-18
- Peter King joins DHK to discuss his frustration with the Rooney rule.
- DHK - How far disconnected is LeBron from "the everyman?" The Philly fan who ran into the poll and train gets his 15 minutes of fame.
- DHK - Who the hell does CNN and Fox News think they are calling the Patriots cheaters? Brady or Jordan?
- DHK - Is Colin Kaepernick a pond in the Raiders potentially breaking the Rooney rule? Peter King takes issue with the Rooney Rule and the way the NFL handles it.
- DHK - Does the Patriots wearing white jerseys in the Superbowl matter to you? Dale & Keefe v Holley on superstitions.
- OMF - Fauria picks his next target, continues to hone his craft; What is Philadelphia known for? Besides Rocky? 1-23-18
- OMF - Willie McGinest joins the show, reaction to JAX/Pats; The "Patriots are cheaters" argument is for fanboys 1-23-18
- OMF - A tribute to Frank from Gloucester; Lou's clothes are missing and he is PISSED 1-23-18
- OMF - Feels like Belichick has been goofing on us; Paul gets passed over; Glenn predicts (again) the Cavs are DEAD 1-22-18
Bill Belichick reacts to Rob Gronkowski suspension on DHK, expects quick decision with appeal
News of the NFL suspending Rob Gronkowski one game came down as Bill Belichick was on Dale and Holley with Keefe for his weekly interview, but the coach didn't have much of an initial reaction.
"No. That is their announcement," he said. "A lot of times these get appealed -- whether it does or doesn't, I don't know. When it is finalized, it is finalized and that is what it will be."
Gronkowski reportedly is appealing and Belichick noted the appeal process is generally pretty quick.
"It's 24 hours, something like that," he said. "It's a short process. Just what happened last week with Aqib [Talib] and [Michael] Crabtree. It's two games one day and it was one game [after] the appeal. So it would be a similar -- that type of a timeframe, as I understand it."
If the suspension holds, Gronkowski will miss Monday's game in Miami against the Dolphins, but return for the big Week 15 matchup in Pittsburgh.


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- Category: News
Samsung Looks Set To Relaunch 'Exploding' Note 7
Samsung has said it would sell its Galaxy Note 7 devices as refurbished phones after recalling 2.5 million phones following battery faults.
Samsung Looks Set To Relaunch 'Exploding' Note 7
Samsung Note 7 is set to return to the market if local authorities and carriers agree and if there is demand for the devices.
The technology giant has also presented two additional proposals to recycle the phones with plans to separate the components and retrieving the precious metals in the hardware.
Recently, Samsung has had to contend with immense pressure from Greenpeace.
The environmental campaigner had urged Samsung to reconsider its plans for dealing with the faulty devices. It subsequently launched a petition and staged global protests, some of which took place at the Mobile World Congress conference.
Greenpeace campaigner for East Asia, Judy Lee said, "We welcome this news. However, Samsung must share a more detailed timeline on when its plans will be implemented and how it is looking to change its production system to ensure such an incident does not happen again."
Samsung said that before deciding whether it will bring the refurbished handsets to the market, the company would have to work with carriers and local authorities, and to assess demand.
The technology conglomerate is looking to launch a new device on Wednesday 29 March.
In spite of the drama that surrounded the Note 7, Samsung profits increased 50% in the last quarter of 2016.
The $7.2 billion in quarterly profits was the company's highest since 2013.
Last October, Samsung had to recall up to 2.5 million Note 7 handsets after users complained of exploding batteries.
At the start of the year, Samsung also found itself caught up in a scandal that put the reputation of the smartph1one maker at risk.
It is thought that the Note 7 recall and complete halt on its production cost the company up to $5.3bnh.
Even though Samsung is the largest smartphone maker in the world, its recent challenges have not adversely affected profits. This may be attributed to the fact that the company manufactures devices other than phones including flat screen televisions and this arm of business is showing impressive performance.
Samsung's semiconductor business, which manufactures chips for servers and phones, is also showing tremendous success.
Against steep demand from phone makers, the prices of chips are growing steadily. Samsung is the world's biggest makers of these chips.
A study by Reuters/IPSOS showed that customers in the US remained loyal to Samsung phones despite reports of burning phones and generally negative press.


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Southern University is a public university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Southern University is a school that is historically black, and it was founded in 1880. Its annual student enrollment today is over 7,300 with students majoring in a wide variety of subjects. Located on a large urban campus, Southern University is home to a number of athletic teams known as the Jaguars. Columbia blue and gold are the school colors. When it comes to textbooks, Southern University students know how important it is to shop around for books in order to claim the best possible deals on them – and to save as much money as they can. Here are the best options on textbooks:
The Southern University Bookstore is the official campus textbook store at the school. It's located in the heart of campus at 500 Jesse Stone Avenue. This store carries all of the required and recommended materials on every student's book list. Options on books include new ones, used ones, rentals, and digital ones. Open Monday through Friday, you can also preorder your books at this store and sell back any used textbooks to recoup some cash for them. Discounted technology items, graduation gear, team apparel, and school supplies are just some of the many other things you can purchase here. A convenient thing about this store is that you can order many of the items online.
Co-Op Bookstore in downtown Baton Rouge is a family owned and operated textbook provider that has served students and the local communities since 1933. It is located in the South Gate Village Shopping Center at 3960 Burbank Drive. The Co-Op Bookstore is in a convenient spot for students to visit and also serves LSU students. It has a longstanding reputation the area and carries a massive inventory of new and used textbooks at great prices. The store is also stocked with plenty of in art supplies and other relevant items. School supplies can are available, too. You can shop in the store or buy just about everything in its inventory online. Overall, it's a top-notch off-campus textbook outlet to check out.
Chimes Textbook Exchange, located at 268 West Chimes Street in downtown Baton Rouge, is another nice local and independent textbook provider. If you have textbooks that you want to get rid of and get something for them at the same time, check out this bookstore to exchange your textbooks for new ones. You can also order books online in advance to avoid the mad rush and then pick them up at the store when it's convenient for you for no extra charge.
Finally, Textbook Rentals of Baton Rouge at 5521 Florida Boulevard offers a ton of textbooks for rent. Textbook Rentals has terrific low prices on its rentals as well. The good thing about renting your books is that you can save money on them and get them out of your closet once the semester is over.


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New arrivals for Young Adults:
The Romantics by Leah Konen - Love narrates this story of high school senior Gael Brennan, whose parents just separated and whose girlfriend just dumped him. Love tries to put him in the path of the "right" girl in this romantic comedy.
Scythe by Neal Shusterman - In a future world, the problem of death has been solved, but some must be "gleaned" in order to stop overpopulation. Two teens apprentice to become scythes, but only one can succeed - and will have to kill the other!
Ghost by Jason Reynolds - Middle schooler "Ghost" Cranshaw can run for Coach and the team as long as he stays out of trouble. Will he be able to do it and take advantage of his natural talent?
The Amateurs by Sara Shepard - Seneca and her online group of detectives try to solve the cold-case murder of a friend's sister that has been unsolved for five years. Start of a new series by this popular author!
Moon Chosen by P.C. Cast - In a postapocolyptic world, three tribes vie for control. Mari is part of the Earth Walkers, but also part of another tribe, and tries to keep her background hidden. She meets Nik, of The Tribe, and the two must work together to save Mari's people.
Hold Me Like a Breath by Tiffany Schmidt - Penelope's life has been unusual, because she has an auto-immune disorder and because her family traffics in illegal organ donations. But when her family is killed, Penelope is suddenly left alone to face her life and deal with the fall out.
And many, many more great books waiting for you!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 6, 2006
|Filing date
|Oct 29, 2002
|Priority date
|Oct 29, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Francis M. Ngai, Aziz Gholmieh, Doug Gerecht, Jon J. Anderson, William R. Panton
|Original Assignee
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (22), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to commonly-owned applications, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Controlling Multiple Modems In A Wireless Terminal Using Energy-Per-Bit Determinations" having application Ser. No. 10/283,935, filed Oct. 29, 2002, now allowed, and "Controlling Multiple Modems In A Wireless Terminal Using Dynamically Varying Modem Transmit Power Limits" having application Ser. No. 10/283,934, filed Oct. 29, 2002, now allowed, which are incorporated herein by reference.
I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to mobile wireless terminals, and particularly, to mobile wireless terminals having multiple modems which are constrained to operate under an aggregate transmit power limit for all of the modems.
II. Related Art
In a data call established between a mobile wireless terminal (MWT) and a remote station, the MWT can transmit data to the remote station over a "reverse" communication link. Also, the MWT can receive data from the remote station over a "forward" communication link. There is an ever pressing need to increase the transmit and receive bandwidth, that is, the data rates, available over both the forward and reverse links.
Typically, the MWT includes a transmit power amplifier to power-amplify a radio frequency (RF) input signal. The power amplifier produces an amplified, RF output signal having an output power responsive to the input power of the input signal. An inordinately high input power may over-drive the power amplifier, and thus cause the output power to exceed an acceptable operating transmit power limit of the power amplifier. In turn, this may cause undesired distortion of the RF output signal, including unacceptable out-of-band RF emissions. Therefore, there is a need to carefully control the input and/or output power of the transmit power amplifier in an MWT so as to avoid over-driving the power amplifier. There is a related need to control the output power as just mentioned, while minimizing to the extent possible, any reduction of the forward and reverse link bandwidth (that is, data rates).
A feature of the present invention is to provide an MWT that maximizes an overall communication bandwidth in both the reverse and forward link directions using a plurality of concurrently operating communication links, each associated with a respective one of a plurality of modulator-demodulators (modems) of the MWT.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide an MWT that combines multiple modulator-demodulator (modem) transmit signals into an aggregate transmit signal (that is, an aggregate reverse link signal) so that a single transmit power amplifier can be used. This advantageously reduces power consumption, cost, and space requirements compared to known systems using multiple power amplifiers.
Another feature of the present invention is to carefully control an aggregate input and/or output power of the transmit power amplifier, thereby avoiding signal distortion at the power amplifier output. A related feature is to control the aggregate input and/or output power in such a manner as to maximize bandwidth (that is, data through-put) in both the reverse and forward link directions.
These features are achieved in several ways. First, individual transmit power limits are established in each of the plurality of modems of the MWT, to limit the respective, individual modem transmit powers. Each individual transmit power limit is derived, in part, from an aggregate transmit power limit for all of the modems. Together, the individual transmit power limits collectively limit the aggregate transmit power of all of the modems. The individual transmit limits are fixed over time, thereby reducing computational complexity while the MWT is operating. A active ones of the N modems are scheduled to transmit respective payload data, thereby causing each active modem to transmit the respective payload data.
Second, the present invention detects and deactivates "over-limit" ones (that is, individual members) of the multiple modems. An over-limit modem is one that has an actual transmit power, or a required transmit power, that exceeds the transmit power limit in the modem. In one arrangement of the present invention, the over-limit modems are deactivated in the reverse link direction only, and thus continue to receive data in the forward link direction. The deactivated modems are then reactivated when appropriate to reduce the overall adverse impact to reverse link through-put that may be caused by their initial deactivation.
The present invention is directed to an MWT including a plurality (N) of wireless modems. The N modems have their respective transmit outputs combined to produce an aggregate transmit output. The N modems can concurrently transmit data in the reverse link direction and receive data in the forward link direction. The MWT is constrained to operate within an aggregate transmit power limit. One aspect of the present invention is an apparatus, including: means for establishing in each of the N modems a respective transmit power limit; means for scheduling active ones of the N modems to transmit respective payload data, thereby causing each active modem to transmit the respective payload data; and means for deactivating at least one over-limit active modem, thereby causing the at least one over limit modem to cease transmitting payload data and correspondingly reduce a transmit power thereof. Another aspect of the present invention is a method corresponding to the above-mentioned apparatus. These and further aspects of the present invention are described below.
The features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify the same or similar elements throughout and wherein:
A variety of multiple access communication systems and techniques have been developed for transferring information among a large number of system users. However, spread spectrum modulation techniques, such as those used in code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems provide significant advantages over other modulation schemes, especially when providing service for a large number of communication system users. Such techniques are disclosed in the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307, which issued Feb. 13, 1990 under the title "Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Communication System Using Satellite Or Terrestrial Repeaters," and U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,174, which issued Nov. 25, 1997, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Using Full Spectrum Transmitted Power in a Spread Spectrum Communication System for Tracking Individual Recipient Phase Time and Energy," both of which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The method for providing CDMA mobile communications was standardized in the United States by the Telecommunications Industry Association in TIA/EIA/IS-95-A entitled "Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System," referred to herein as IS-95. Other communications systems are described in other standards such as the IMT-2000/UM, or International Mobile Telecommunications System 2000/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, standards covering what are referred to as wideband CDMA (WCDMA), cdma2000 (such as cdma2000 1� or 3� standards, for example) or TD-SCDMA.
I. Example Communication Environment
The terms base station and gateway are also sometimes used interchangeably, each being a fixed central communication station, with gateways, such as gateways 120, being perceived in the art as highly specialized base stations that direct communications through satellite repeaters while base stations (also sometimes referred to as cell-sites), such as base station 112, use terrestrial antennas to direct communications within surrounding geographical regions.
In this example, user terminals 124 each have or include apparatus or a wireless communication device such as, but not limited to, a cellular telephone, wireless handset, a data transceiver, or a paging or position determination receiver. Furthermore each of user terminals 124 can be hand-held, portable as in vehicle-mounted (including for example cars, trucks, boats, trains, and planes), or fixed, as desired. For example,
User terminals 124 engage in wireless communications with other elements in WCS 100 through CDMA communications systems. However, the present invention may be employed in systems that employ other communications techniques, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) ), or other waveforms or techniques listed above (WCDMA, CDMA2000 . . . ).
Generally, beams from a beam source, such as base station 112 or satellites 116, cover different geographical areas in predefined patterns. Beams at different frequencies, also referred to as CDMA channels, frequency division multiplexed (FDM) channels, or 'sub-beams', can be directed to overlap the same region. It is also readily understood by those skilled in the art that beam coverage or service areas for multiple satellites, or antenna patterns for multiple base stations, might be designed to overlap completely or partially in a given region depending on the communication system design and the type of service being offered, and whether space diversity is being achieved.
User terminals 124 are capable of engaging in bi-directional communications with base station 112 and/or satellites 116. As such, communications links 130 and 138 each include a forward link and a reverse link. A forward link conveys information signals to user terminals 124. For terrestrial-based communications in WCS 100, a forward link conveys information signals from base station 112 to a user terminal 124 across a link 130. A satellite-based forward link in the context of WCS 100 conveys information from a gateway 120 to a satellite 116 over a link 146 and from the satellite 116 to a user terminal 124 over a link 138. Thus, terrestrial-based forward links typically involve a single wireless signal path between the user terminal and base station, while satellite-based forward links typically involve two or more wireless signal paths between the user terminal and a gateway through at least one satellite (ignoring multipath).
In the context of WCS 100, a reverse link conveys information signals from a user terminal 124 to either a base station 112 or a gateway 120. Similar to forward links in WCS 100, reverse links typically require a single wireless signal path for terrestrial-based communications and two wireless signal paths for satellite-based communications. WCS 100 may feature different communications offerings across these forward links, such as low data rate (LDR) and high data rate (HDR) services. An exemplary LDR service provides forward links having data rates from 3 kilobits per second (kbps) to 9.6 kbps, while an exemplary HDR service supports typical data rates as high as 604 kbps and higher.
As described above, WCS 100 performs wireless communications according to CDMA techniques. Thus, signals transmitted across the forward and reverse links of links 130, 138, and 146 convey signals that are encoded, spread, and channelized according to CDMA transmission standards. In addition, block interleaving can be employed over these forward and reverse links. These blocks are transmitted in frames having a predetermined duration, such as 20 milliseconds.
Base station 112, satellites 116, and gateways 120 may adjust the power of the signals that they transmit over the forward links of WCS 100. This power (referred to herein as forward link transmit power) may be varied according to user terminal 124 and according to time. This time varying feature may be employed on a frame-by-frame basis. Such power adjustments are performed to maintain forward link bit error rates (BER) within specific requirements, reduce interference, and conserve transmission power.
User terminals 124 may adjust the power of the signals that they transmit across the reverse links of WCS 100, under the control of gateways 120 or base stations 112. This power (referred to herein as reverse link transmit power) may be varied according to user terminal 124 and according to time. This time varying feature may be employed on a frame-by-frame basis. Such power adjustments are performed to maintain reverse link bit error rates (BER) within specific requirements, reduce interference, and conserve transmission power.
Examples of techniques for exercising power control in CDMA communication systems are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,219, entitled "Fast Forward Link Power Control In A Code Division Multiple Access System," U.S. Pat. No. 5,396,516, entitled "Method And System For The Dynamic Modification Of Control Parameters In A Transmitter Power Control System," and U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,109, entitled "Method and Apparatus For Controlling Transmission Power In A CDMA Cellular Mobile Telephone System," which are incorporated herein by reference.
II. Mobile Wireless Terminal
MWT 206 includes an antenna 208 for transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the remote station. MWT 206 includes a controller (that is, one or more controllers) 214 coupled to communication link 210. Controller 214 exchanges data with a memory/storage unit 215, and interfaces with a timer 217. Controller 214 provides data-to-be-transmitted to, and receives data from, a plurality of wireless modems 216 a–216 n over a plurality of corresponding bi-directional data links 218 a–218 n between controller 214 and modems 216. Data connections 218 may be serial data connections. The number N of modems that may be used can be one of several values as desired, based on known design issues such as complexity, cost, and so forth. In an example implementation, N=16.
Wireless modems 216 a–216 n provide RF signals 222 a T–222 n T to and receive RF signals 222 a R–222 n R from a power combiner/splitter assembly 220, over a plurality of bi-directional RF connections/cables between the modems and the power combiner/splitter assembly. In a transmit (that is, reverse link) direction, a power combiner included in assembly 220 combines together the RF signals received from all of modems 216, and provides a combined (that is, aggregate) RF transmit signal 226 to a transmit power amplifier 228. Transmit power amplifier 228 provides an amplified, aggregate RF transmit signal 230 to a duplexer 232.
Duplexer 232 provides the amplified, aggregate RF transmit signal to antenna 208. In MWT 206, duplexing may be achieved by means other than duplexer 232, such as using separate transmit and receive antennas. Also, a power monitor 234, coupled to an output of power amplifier 228, monitors a power level of amplified, aggregate transmit signal 230. Power monitor 234 provides a signal 236 indicating the power level of amplified, aggregate transmit signal 230 to controller 214. In an alternative arrangement of MWT 206, power monitor 234 measures the power level of aggregate signal 226 at the input to transmit amplifier 228. In this alternative arrangement, the aggregate transmit power limit of MWT 206 is specified at the input to transmit amplifier 228 instead of at its output, and the methods of the present invention, described below, take this into account.
In a receive (that is, forward link) direction, antenna 208 provides a received signal to duplexer 232. Duplexer 232 routes the received signal to a receive amplifier 240. Receive amplifier 240 provides an amplified received signal to assembly 220. A power splitter included in assembly 220 divides the amplified received signal into a plurality of separate received signals and provides each separate signal to a respective one of the modems 216.
MWT 206 communicates with the remote station over a plurality of wireless CDMA communication links 250 a–250 n established between MWT 206 and the remote station. Each of the communication links 250 is associated with a respective one of modems 216. Wireless communication links 250 a–250 n can operate concurrently with one another. Each of wireless communication links 250 supports wireless traffic channels for carrying data between MWT 206 and the remote station in both forward and reverse link directions. The plurality of wireless communication channels 250 form part of an air interface 252 between MWT 206 and the remote station.
In the present embodiment, MWT 206 is constrained to operate under an aggregate transmit power limit (APL) at the output of transmit amplifier 228. In other words, MWT 206 is required to limit the transmit power of signal 230 to a level that is preferably below the aggregate transmit power limit. All of modems 216, when transmitting, contribute to the aggregate transmit power of signal 230. Accordingly, the present invention includes techniques to control the transmit powers of modems 216, and thereby cause the aggregate transmit power of modems 216, as manifested in transmit signal 230, to be under the aggregate transmit power limit.
Over-driving transmit amplifier 228 causes the power level of signal 230 to exceed the aggregate transmit power limit. Therefore, the present invention establishes individual transmit power limits (also referred to as transmit limits) for each of modems 216. The individual transmit power limits are related to the aggregate transmit power limit in such a way as to prevent modems 216 from collectively over-driving transmit amplifier 228. During operation of MWT 206, the present invention detects and then deactivates over-limit ones of modems 216. In one arrangement, data calls associated with the over-limit modems are maintained, and the over-limit modems are deactivated in the reverse link direction only. Therefore, the over-limit modems advantageously remain active in the forward link direction, and are thus able to continue forward link communication, without causing transmit amplifier 228 to be over-driven. Further aspects of the present invention are described below.
Although MWT 206 is referred to as being mobile, it is to be understood that the MWT is not limited to a mobile platform or portable platforms. For example, MWT 206 may reside in a fixed base station or gateway. MWT 206 may also reside in a fixed user terminal 124 a.
III. Modem
In the transmit direction, controller 304 receives data-to-be-transmitted from controller 214 over data connection 218 i (where i indicates any one of the modems 216 a–216 n), and through interface 302. Controller 304 provides the data-to-be-transmitted to modem processor 308. A transmit (Tx) processor 312 of modem 308 encodes and modulates the data-to-be-transmitted, and packages the data into data frames that are to be transmitted. Transmit processor 312 provides a signal 314 including the data frames to IF/RF subsystem 310. Subsystem 310 frequency up-converts and amplifies signal 314, and provides a resulting frequency up-converted, amplified signal 222 i T to power combiner/splitter assembly 220. Optional power meter 312 monitors a power level of signal 222 i T(that is, the actual transmit power at which modem 300 transmits the above-mentioned data frames). Alternatively, modem 300 can determine the modem transmit power based on gain/attenuator settings of IF/RF subsystem 310 and the data rate at which modem 300 transmits the data frames.
In the receive direction, IF/RF subsystem 310 receives a received signal 222 i R from power combiner/splitter assembly 220, frequency down-converts signal 222 i R and provides the resulting frequency down-converted signal 316, including received data frames, to a receive (Rx) processor 318 of modem processor 308. Receive processor 318 extracts data from the data frames, and then controller 304 provides the extracted data to controller 214, using interface 302 and data connection 218 i.
Modems 216 each transmit and receive data frames in the manner described above and further below.
Data frame 400 has a duration T, such as 20 milliseconds, for example. The payload data in payload field 404 is conveyed at one of a plurality of data rates, including a maximum or full-rate (for example, 9600 bits-per-second (bps)), a half-rate (for example, 4800 bps), a quarter-rate (for example, 2400 bps), or an eighth-rate (for example, 1200 bps). Each of the modems 216 attempts to transmit data at the full-rate (that is, at a maximum data rate). However, an over-limit modem rate-limits, whereby the modem reduces its transmit data rate from the maximum rate to a lower rate, as will be discussed below. Also, each of the modems 216 may transmit a data frame (for example, data frame 400) without payload data. This is referred to as a zero-rate data frame.
In one modem arrangement, each of the data bits 406 within a frame carries a constant amount of energy, regardless of the transmit data rate. That is, within a frame, the energy-per-bit, Eb, is constant for all of the different data rates. In this modem arrangement, each data frame corresponds to an instantaneous modem transmit power that is proportional to the data rate at which the data frame is transmitted. Therefore, the lower the data rate, the lower the modem transmit power.
Each of the modems 216 provides status reports to controller 214 over respective data connections 218.
In another alternative modem arrangement, the modem can provide status signals indicating the over-limit/rate-limiting condition, the transmit power, and transmit data rate of the modem.
IV. Example Method
At a first step 602, a transmit power limit PL is established in the modem (for example, in modem 216 a).
At a next step 604, the modem receives a power control command from the remote station over the forward link indicating a requested transmit power PR at which the modem is to transmit data frames in the reverse link direction. This command may be in the form of an incremental power increase or decrease command.
At a decision step 606, the modem determines whether any payload data has been received from controller 214, that is, whether or not there is any payload data to transmit to the remote station. If not, the method proceeds to a next step 608. At step 608, the modem transmits a data frame at the zero-rate, that is, without payload data. The zero-rate data frame may include control/overhead information used to maintain the communication link/data call, for example. The zero-rate data frame corresponds to a minimum transmit power of the modem.
On the other hand, if there is payload data to transmit, then the processing of the method (control) proceeds from step 606 to a next step 610. At step 610, the modem determines whether or not it is not over-limit, that is, whether the modem is under-limit. In one arrangement, determining whether the modem is under-limit includes determining whether the requested transmit power PR is less than the transmit power limit PL. In this arrangement, the modem is considered over-limit when the requested transmit power PR is greater than or equal to PL. In an alternative arrangement, determining whether or not the modem is under-limit includes determining whether an actual transmit power PT of the modem is less than the transmit power limit PL. In this arrangement, the modem is considered over-limit when PT is greater than or equal PL. The modem may use power monitor 312 in determining whether its transmit power PT, for example, the transmit power of signal 222 i T, is less than the transmit power limit PL.
While the modem is not-over limit, the modem transmits a data frame, including payload data and control information, at a maximum data rate (for example, the full-rate) and at a transmit power level PT that is in accordance with the requested transmit power PR and data rate of the data frame. In other words, the modem transmit power PT tracks the requested transmit power PR.
When PT or PR is equal to or greater than PL, the modem is over-limit, and thus rate-limits from a current rate (for example, the full-rate) to a lower transmit data rate (for example, to the half-rate, quarter-rate, eighth-rate or even the zero-rate), thereby reducing the transmit power PT of the modem relative to when the modem was transmitting at the full-rate. Therefore, rate-limiting in response to either of the over-limit conditions described above is a form of modem self power-limiting, whereby the modem maintains its transmit power PT below the transmit power limit PL. Also, the over-limit/rate-limiting condition, as reported in status report 500, indicates to controller 214 that the requested power PR, or the actual transmit power PT in the alternative arrangement, is greater than or equal to the transmit power limit PL. It should be appreciated that while the modem may be operating at the zero-rate in the transmit (that is, reverse link) direction, because it either is rate-limiting (for example, in step 610) or has no payload data to transmit (step 608), it may still receive full-rate data frames in the receive (that is, forward link) direction.
Although it can be advantageous for the modem to self rate-limit in response to the over-limit condition, an alternative arrangement of the modem does not rate-limit in this manner. Instead, the modem reports the over-limit condition to controller 214, and then waits for the controller to impose rate-limiting adjustments. A preferred arrangement uses both approaches. That is, the modem self rate-limits in response to the over-limit condition, and the modem reports the over-limit condition to controller 214, and in response, the controller imposes rate-limiting adjustments on the modem.
After both step 608 and step 610, the modem generates a status report (for example, status report 500) at a step 612, and provides the report to controller 214 over a respective one of data links 218.
V. Fixed Transmit Power Limit Embodiments
At step 706, controller 214 establishes a data call over each of modems 216. In other words, a communication link, including both forward and reverse links, is established between each of the modems 216 and the remote station. The communication links operate concurrently with one another. In an exemplary arrangement of the present invention, the communication links are CDMA based communication links.
In the embodiments, a modem may be designated as an active modem or as an inactive modem. Controller 214 can schedule active modems, but not inactive modems, to transmit payload data. Controller 214 maintains a list identifying currently active modems. At a step 708, controller 214 initially designates all of the modems as being active, by adding each of the modems to the active list, for example.
At a next step 710, assuming controller 214 has received data that needs to be transmitted to the remote station, controller 214 schedules each of the active modems to transmit payload data. In a first past through step 710, all of modems 216 are active (from step 708). However, in subsequent passes through step 710, some of modems 216 may be inactive, as will be described below.
Controller 214 maintains a queue of data-to-be-transmitted for each of the active modems, and supplies each data queue with data received from the external data sources over link 210. Controller 214 provides data from each data queue to the respective active modem. Controller 214 executes data-loading algorithms to ensure the respective data queues are generally, relatively evenly loaded, so that each active modem is concurrently provided with data-to-be-transmitted. After controller 214 provides data to each modem, each modem in turn attempts to transmit the data in data frames at the full-rate and in accordance with the respective requested transmit power PR, as described above in connection with
At step 710, controller 214 also de-schedules inactive modems by diverting data-to-be-transmitted away from the inactive modems and toward the active modems. However, there are no inactive modems in the first pass through step 710, since all of the modems are initially active after step 708, as mentioned above.
At a next step 712, controller 214 monitors the modem status reports from all of the inactive and active modems.
At a next step 714, controller 214 determines whether any of the modems 216 are over-limit, and thus rate-limiting, based on the modem status reports. If controller 214 determines that one or more (that is, at least one) of the modems are over-limit, then controller 214 deactivates only these over-limit modems, at a step 716. For example, controller 214 can deactivate an over-limit modem by removing it from the active list.
If none of the modems are determined to be over-limit at step 714, the method or processing proceeds to a step 718. The method also proceeds to step 718 after any over-limit modems are deactivated in step 716. At step 718, controller 214 determines whether or not any of the modems previously deactivated at step 716 need to be activated (that is, reactivated). Several techniques for determining whether modems should be activated are discussed below. If the answer at step 718 is yes (modems need to be reactivated), then the method proceeds to a step 720, and controller 214 activates the previously deactivated modems that need to be activated, for example, by reinstating the modems on the active list.
If none of the previously deactivated modems need to be activated, then processing proceeds from step 718 back to step 710. Also, processing proceeds from step 720 to step 710. Steps 710 through 720 are repeated over time, whereby over-limit ones of modems 216 are deactivated at step 716 and then reactivated at step 718 as appropriate, and correspondingly de-scheduled and rescheduled at step 710.
When an over-limit modem is deactivated at step 716 (that is, becomes inactive), and remains deactivated through step 718, the modem will be de-scheduled in the next pass through step 710. In other words, controller 214 will no longer provide data to the deactivated modem. Instead, controller 214 will divert data to active modems. If it is assumed that the data call associated with the deactivated modem has not been torn-down (that is, terminated), then de-scheduling the modem at step 710 will cause the deactivated modem to have no payload data to transmit, and will thus cause the modem to operate at the zero-rate and at a corresponding minimum transmit power level on the reverse link (see steps 606 and 608, described above in connection with
Deactivating the over-limit modem at step 716 ultimately causes the modem to reduce its transmit data rate and corresponding transmit power in the reverse link direction. In this manner, controller 214 individually controls the transmit power limits (and, thus, the transmit powers), and as a result, can maintain the aggregate transmit power of signal 230 at a level below the aggregate transmit power limit of MWT 206.
Alternative arrangements of method 700 are possible. As described above, deactivating step 716 includes deactivating an over-limit modem by designating the modem as inactive, for example, by removing the modem from the active list. Conversely, activating step 720 includes reinstating the deactivated modem to the active list. In an alternative arrangement of method 700, deactivating step 716 further includes tearing-down (that is terminating) the data call (that is, the communication link) associated with the over-limit modem. Also, in this alternative arrangement, activating step 720 further includes establishing another data call over the previously deactivated modem, so that the modem can begin to transmit data to and receive data from the remote station.
In another alternative arrangement of method 700, deactivating step 716 further includes deactivating all of the modems, whether over-limit or not over-limit, when any one of the over-limit modems is detected at step 714. In this arrangement, deactivating the modems may include designating all of the modems as inactive, and may further include tearing-down all of the data calls associated with the modems.
At a next step 904, controller 214 determines whether each extrapolated transmit power is less than the respective modem transmit power limit PL. If yes, then processing proceeds to step 720 where the respective modem is activated, because it is likely the modem will not exceed the power limit. If not, the modem remains deactivated, and the method shifts or proceeds back to step 710.
At determining step 1006, controller 214 determines whether it is time to activate any of the previously deactivated modems. For example, controller 214 determines whether any of the activation timeout periods have expired, thereby indicating it is time to activate the corresponding deactivated modem. Alternatively, controller 214 determines whether the activation time/event scheduled at step 1004 has arrived.
Alternative arrangements of method 1000, similar to the alternative arrangements discussed above in connection with method 700, are also envisioned.
VI. Fixed Transmit Power Limits
1. Uniform Limits
In one fixed limit arrangement, a uniform set of transmit power limits is established across all of modems 216. That is, each modem has the same transmit power limit as each of the other modems.
In one arrangement of uniform limits, each transmit power limit PL is equal to the aggregate transmit power limit APL divided by the total number N of modems 216. Under this arrangement of uniform limits, when all of the modems have respective transmit powers equal to their respective transmit power limits, the aggregate transmit power for all of the modems will just meet, and not exceed, the APL. An example aggregate transmit power limit APL in the present invention is approximately 10 or 11 decibel-Watts (dBW).
2. Tapered Limits
In one tapered arrangement, each of the transmit power limits PLi is equal to the APL divided by i the total number of modems having transmit power limits greater than or equal to PLi. For example, transmit power limit PL5 is equal to the APL divided by five (5), which is the number of modems having transmit power limits greater than or equal to PL5. In another tapered arrangement, each transmit power limit PLi is equal to the transmit power limit mentioned above (that is, the APL divided by the total number of modems having transmit power limits greater than or equal to PLi) less a predetermined amount, such as one, two or even three decibels (dB). This permits a safety margin in the event that the modems tend to transmit at an actual transmit power level that is slightly higher than the respective transmit power limits, before they are deactivated.
Assume a transmit scenario where all of the modems transmit at approximately the same power, and all of the transmit powers are increasing over time. Under the tapered arrangement, modem(N) rate-limits first, modem(N-1) rate limits next, modem(N-2) rate-limits third, and so on. In response, controller 214 deactivates/deschedules modem(N) first, modem(N-1) second, modem(N-3) third, and so on.
VII. MWT Computer Controller
A deactivator/activator module 1408 acts to deactivate over-limit ones of the modems (for example by removing the modems from the active list) and to activate deactivated ones of the modems by reinstating the modems on the active list. A limit calculator 1410 operates to calculate/derive transmit power limits for each of the modems 216. Limit calculator can also access predetermined transmit power limits stored in memory 215, for example. An initializer 1412 is used to supervise/manage initialization of the system, such as establishing initial transmit power limits in each modem, setting up calls over each modem, initializing various lists and queues in MWT 206, and so on.
A modem interface 1414 receives data from and transmits data to modems 216; a network interface 1416 receives and transmits data over interface 210; and a software interface 1420 is used for interconnecting all of the above mentioned modules to one another.
Features of the present invention can be performed and/or controlled by processor/controller 214, which in effect comprises a programmable or software controllable element, device, or computer system. Such a computer system includes, for example, one or more processors that are connected to a communication bus. Although telecommunication-specific hardware can be used to implement the present invention, the following description of a general purpose type computer system is provided for completeness.
The computer system can also include a main memory, preferably a random access memory (RAM), and can also include a secondary memory and/or other memory. The secondary memory can include, for example, a hard disk drive and/or a removable storage drive. The removable storage drive reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit in a well known manner. The removable storage unit, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, and the like, which is read by and written to by the removable storage drive. The removable storage unit includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
The secondary memory can include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system. Such means can include, for example, a removable storage unit and an interface. Examples of such can include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units and interfaces which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit to the computer system.
The computer system can also include a communications interface. The communications interface allows software and data to be transferred between the computer system and external devices. Software and data transferred via the communications interface are in the form of signals that can be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by the communications interface. As depicted in
In this document, the terms "computer program medium" and "computer usable medium" are used to generally refer to media such as a removable storage device, a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) within MWT 206, and signals. Computer program products are means for providing software to the computer system.
Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in the main memory and/or secondary memory. Computer programs can also be received via the communications interface. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system to perform certain features of the present invention as discussed herein. For example, features of the flow charts depicted in
Where the embodiments are implemented using software, the software can be stored in a computer program product and loaded into the computer system using the removable storage drive, the memory chips or the communications interface. The control logic (software), when executed by processor 214, causes processor 214 to perform certain functions of the invention as described herein.
Features of the invention may also or alternatively be implemented primarily in hardware using, for example, a software-controlled processor or controller programmed to perform the functions described herein, a variety of programmable electronic devices, or computers, a microprocessor, one or more digital signalprocessors (DSP), dedicated function circuit modules, and hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or programmable gate arrays (PGAs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
The previous description of the preferred embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the performance of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that these functional building blocks can be implemented by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and the like or many combinations thereof. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 22, 1999
|Dec 5, 2000
|Interdigital Technology Corporation
|Code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system
|Feb 6, 2001
|Jan 3, 2002
|Yukie Miyamoto
|Downlink power control method and CDMA communication system incorporating the control method
|Feb 1, 2001
|Aug 1, 2002
|Anders Furuskar
|Method and apparatus for controlling quality of service for multiple services through power setting
|Oct 11, 2001
|Apr 17, 2003
|Steven Thompson
|System and method for controlling interference affecting satellite terminals in a satellite communications network by establishing and using virtual cells which are independent of the cells formed by the spot beams generated by the satellite
|Aug 27, 2002
|Mar 11, 2004
|Fatih Ulupinar
|Distributed reverse channel outer loop power control for a wireless communications system
|Oct 29, 2002
|Apr 29, 2004
|Ngai Francis M.
|Controlling multiple modems in a wireless terminal using dynamically varying modem transmit power limits
|Oct 29, 2002
|Oct 7, 2004
|Aziz Gholmieh
|Controlling multiple modems in a wireless terminal using energy-per-bit determinations
|Jun 26, 1998
|Dec 30, 1998
|Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
|Power control and data services in CDMA networks
|Jul 11, 2000
|Jan 24, 2001
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Aggregate overload power control
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 31, 2007
|May 14, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for adjustments for delta-based power control in wireless communication systems
|Jul 22, 2004
|May 28, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Power control for a wireless communication system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing
|May 15, 2008
|Jul 2, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Power control for a wireless communication system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing
|Dec 14, 2011
|Jul 16, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for fast other sector interference (OSI) adjustment
|Aug 9, 2011
|Aug 20, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Robust erasure detection and erasure-rate-based closed loop power control
|May 15, 2008
|Sep 24, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Power control for a wireless communication system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing
|Sep 4, 2007
|Mar 11, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for fast other sector interference (OSI) adjustment
|Oct 8, 2010
|May 6, 2014
|Sprint Spectrum L.P.
|Method of transmitting reverse link signals from multiple mobile stations to improve reception quality
|Dec 2, 2005
|Sep 30, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Interference control in a wireless communication system
|Jun 29, 2012
|Sep 30, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Interference control in a wireless communication system
|Nov 14, 2012
|Nov 4, 2014
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Interference control in a wireless communication system
|Jun 30, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|Intel Mobile Communications GmbH
|Transmitter circuit and method
|Oct 27, 2006
|Jan 6, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for estimating reverse link loading in a wireless communication system
|Jun 21, 2005
|Jan 27, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Interference control in a wireless communication system
|Apr 9, 2014
|Dec 8, 2015
|Sprint Spectrum L.P.
|Method of transmitting reverse link signals from multiple mobile stations to improve reception quality
|Jul 22, 2004
|Jan 26, 2006
|Arak Sutivong
|Power control for a wireless communication system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing
|Jan 21, 2004
|Feb 9, 2006
|Hideyuki Nakamizo
|Transceiver and receiver
|Dec 2, 2005
|Dec 21, 2006
|Murat Mese
|Interference control in a wireless communication system
|Jun 12, 2006
|Jan 11, 2007
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Multi-function peripheral with function of adding user identification information and method thereof
|May 15, 2008
|Jan 22, 2009
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Power control for a wireless communication system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing
|Jun 30, 2011
|Jan 3, 2013
|Intel Mobile Communications GmbH
|Transmitter circuit and method
|Jun 29, 2012
|Jan 2, 2013
|Transmitter circuit and method
|U.S. Classification
|455/522, 455/13.4, 455/69, 455/12.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 22, 2003
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NGAI, FRANCIS M.;GHOLMIEH, AZIZ;GERECHT, DOUGLAS A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013672/0512;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021113 TO 20021217
|Nov 20, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 26, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Social Marketing Association Petition
Have you always felt like you spent more time cultivating your online relationships than your real ones?
With applications like: Twittr, Facebook, LinkedIn, del.icio.us, Flickr, your work email, your personal email, your blog, Huddle, MySpace, Listservs, newsletters, Google Analytics, Digg, BlogLines, RSSFeeds, Sitemeter, Technorati, ETC.!
Managing and connecting with people online takes a lot of time, and at times, remains fragmented and disjointed. So, here is what I suggest: Merging the Two Worlds.
Social marketing circles have largely debated the creation of a social marketing association, whether or not we should be under the American Marketing Association and whether the Social Marketing Institute should be revived. But while I research that history, I'm seeing the UK and Canada formulate public sector marketing associations, centers, programs, and institutes. At least in Massachusetts, they have a Massachusetts Social Marketing Association.
So, I'm beginning a petition. If you would like to see or join a "Social Marketing Association," please join me in signing this ipetition. Reversing the Field of Dreams philosophy, if the people come, it will be built. =)
For more information about this issue, refer to Nedra Weinreich's posting about her shared frustration.
Again, join us by signing the ipetition here. Feel free to pass along the petition.


text:
Professional MBA Breakfast
Join us for a special breakfast where you will meet current students, faculty and admissions professionals. Learn how the Rollins MBA can prepare you to take control of your career.
Date: October 4, 2017
Time: 7:30 a.m. - 8:30 a.m.
Location: Bush Executive Center, Rollins College Campus
Register: Please register using the form below.
Questions? Call 407-646-2405 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
FS weekly 2010 12 29
Calling Instructions
Wednesday December 29th at 1700 UTC (1200 CST / 1pm EST)
sip:firstname.lastname@example.com or via the good old PSTN at +1-919-386-9900
gtalk:email@example.com Or click on this link
Or call Skype the skype user "skypiax5", you'll be automatically connected (max 20 concurrent users).
Codecs: PCMU/PCMA, G.722, CELT, Speex, Skype, among others
Press 0 to mute/unmute your self. Press * to deaf/undeaf.
- What are the Beeps in the conference? One Beep - someone has joined, two beeps - someone has left.
Please add agenda items as needed. If you have a question you'd like to ask then edit the Items Needing Discussion section below. Be sure to put your name/nick on your question.
News, Notes, & Miscellaneous Fun Stuff
- Updated behavior - searching for which profile a user is reg'd to (commit msg)
- New module: mod_cdr_sqlite (commit msg)
- Doc update from author pending
- Thanks pressureman
- ClueCon: Sofitel Chicago, Aug 9-11, 2011
Featured Presentation
- None scheduled
Upcoming Presentations
- Jan 5, 2011 - DRK - More on Call Rating and Billing what to do and what not to do!
- Other Dates Open - Please let me (MSC) or NormT know if you have a topic or idea.
Questions For Developers
- G.729 for other operating systems ie. OS X? -- Question from Simen_ (got this partly answered. Running pass-thru G.729 for my remote workers for now. They're happy with improvements. Question can be removed. I'm patient and can wait for the real deal. :-))
Janitorial Items
- Add your items here
Items Needing Documentation
- conference_enter_sound : committed 651acc62 (2010-12-21) -> Add a chan var conference_enter_sound to override conference enter-sound param on the profile
Stuff started but needs some community input
- bind_digit_action has cool featureness, per anthm
anthm: is it doc'd how you can consume the events fired by bind_digit_action in either the inputcallback in embedded scripts or over ESL with divert_events enabled and if the name has exec: in it its a shortcut to make it exec apps ?
Stuff yet to be documented
- New FIFO member_add param: taking_calls (commit msg)
- New FIFO flag: no_media (commit msg)
- New FIFO chan vars: fifo_bridged, fifo_manual_bridged (commit msg)
- New FIFO param: outbound_ring_timeout (commit msg)
- New FIFO param: default_lag (commit msg)
- New sip profile param and chan var: manual-rtp-bugs and manual_rtp_bugs for our friends at Sonus (commit msg)
- New sip profile param: presence-probe-on-register (commit msg)
- Chan var I didn't know about: verbose_sdp (set in vars.xml) (See anthm's post on mailing list)
- "Dramatic Jitterbuffer Changes"
- jitterbuffer API (commit msg)
- STFU updates (commit msg)
- New API: uuid_buglist (commit msg)
- New API and app: recovery_refresh (commit msg)
User Tips & Tricks
If you have something you'd like to share with the community then by all means add it here and we will give you a few minutes on the conference call to discuss it!
Suggestions For Future Meetings & Future To Dos
- Math: Sofia internals
Presenters Needed For These Topics
- SIP 101 (beginning SIP, how does it work, how to look at different SIP packets)
- mod_shout/shoutcast, esp with one-way conferences for scalability
- Codec negotiation - early vs. late, why you need it, how to do it
- T.38 - what it is, how to use it, etc.
- Multi-tenancy (bounties welcome)
- Steve Underwood - SpanDSP, T.38, etc. with FreeSWITCH
- mod_fifo vs. mod_callcenter - why use one or the other? Strengths and weaknesses of each
- embedding FS in other applications (libfreeswitch)
FreeSWITCH High Availability Testing
Weekly FreeSWITCH High Availability testing during the conference call. At the end of the weekly conference call the lead developer of FreeSWITCH (anthm) will intentionally crash and restart the conference server. This tests the high Availability that is built into FreeSWITCH. Your call should continue once the server is restarted.
Depending on what type of NAT device will determine if your call is "Re-Invited" back to the conference.
Need SIP Trunking or DIDs?
If you are looking for SIP Trunking, Origination or Termination please visit www.VoiceNetwork.ca
- Unlimited Incoming DIDs from $3.95
- Per Minute DIDs from $0.99 @ 0.01 per minute
- Outbound Canadian Termination from $0.005 and USA from $ 0.0125


text:
I would like to spend a little time today addressing the female population and a common occurrence among them: bashing their husbands, boyfriends, or men in general.
Oh, I know what you're thinking, But men are jerks! Trust me, I know.
Trust me, I know too. We've all been there. We've all been with or known that guy who definitely was not Mr. Right. We've all seen the guy who couldn't commit to one girl even if he was given a million dollars. We've all seen the guy who uses women. We've all seen the guy who lies, cheats, or is abusive or mean.
But news flash: girls do all that too. (Uhh...grumble grumble, no they don't.) Girls can be just as shady, hard to read, dishonest, backstabbing, etc. It's not like women are perfect angels who always make sense and never mistakes, and men are the evil population we all have to be wary of. It's actually really embarrassing being around a woman who takes every opportunity to put her man down. Even if she's trying to make it a joke, it's really not funny. It's awkward.
Now, I totally think there's a difference between doing what I just described above vs. innocently teasing your significant other. I'm married to a great guy (<-- post about him, if you care to read) who made my jaw drop at the difference. Before him, I had been around guys who would "jokingly" put me down, laugh their butts off, and wonder why I didn't think they were the most hilarious human beings to ever walk the earth.
But when Ian and I started hanging out, I was actually shocked by how different teasing could be. He would tease me to make me laugh, not anyone else. He really does have a great sense of humor, and it's great being around someone who is truly funny, trying to make me smile. ("Bacon??" lol)
And at the same time, I understand: your S.O. isn't perfect. I get it. No one is. I could sit here and complain about how Ian insists on living only by candlelight after 7pm, or how he brushes his teeth in the dark, so as to not throw off his circadian rhythm. Or that he reads through my blogs, calling out corrections while I'm tidying the house. And how he will probably be doing so when he reaches this point in today's blog. (You don't have to, darling; I'm just exaggerating.)
Take a little time today to be 100% grateful for your husband, boyfriend, fiance, etc. Stop bashing your men. It doesn't make you look like a strong woman - it actually has the opposite effect.
::steps down off the soap box::


text:
Posts Tagged 'High Temperature Electronics'
Ozark IC Wins Dept. of Energy SBIR Award for Geothermal Data Logging
February 22nd, 2017 by Rebecca Todd
Fayetteville-based Ozark Integrated Circuits won a $155,000 Small Business Innovation Research award from the Department of Energy to provide an enhanced solution for geothermal well data collection. Ozark IC is a fabless semiconductor company that develops integrated circuits designed to operate in extreme environmental conditions. Geothermal is an attractive, carbon-free form of energy that could […]


text:
Many REALTORS® contact the National Association looking for real estate forms.
Forms are state specific because real estate laws vary significantly from state to state. Therefore, forms are usually provided by your state and/or local association of REALTORS®.
Many state and local associations have agreements in place with zipLogix™ to provide forms as part of an NAR member benefit, but it is important to contact your state and local associations first to confirm this.
Learn more about NAR's member benefit available to REALTORS® nationwide.
Find Your State Association
Please visit this page and select your state from the list.


text:
Katherine King-Hughes (Vellis)
This memorial website was created in the memory of our loved one, Katherine King-Hughes (Vellis). We will remember her forever.
Memorial Tributes
We still can't believe Kathy is gone! She was the sweetest, kindest, most thoughtful person we have ever met. We have been friends since the seventies.. To Donya and Matt and all the family, we wish you peace and strength as you go through this difficult time. If we can help, please let us know.Sending much love, Lynda and Steve
Leave a Tribute:
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text: I bought this as a surprise for my BF .... My Lovely SA in San Francisco .. shipped this over for me , and it came here in 2 days.. !! Now my bf is still on a business trip cant wait till he came back and see this !! I hope he likes it


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The Touring Theatre of North Carolina in Greensboro has received a $9,540 grant from the N.C. Humanities Council to support Look Back the Maytime Days: From the Pages of Fred Chappell, a stage production of author Fred Chappell's family stories in western N.C. Chappell is a former N.C. Poet Laureate and taught in the creative writing program at UNC Greensboro for more than 40 years.
Look Back the Maytime Days weaves Chappell's prose and poetry with traditional Appalachian music and songs. The work originally was commissioned by the N.C. Humanities Council for the 2011 Caldwell Award celebration honoring Chappell. For more information, contact Brenda P. Schleunes at email@example.com or (336) 272-1279.


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Tarot Readings for You for July 20, 2013 Saturday(c)
Guidance Variations on a theme of: a successful ambitious dude comes to a trophy woman who is a seductive sexpot, who doesn't need him – is competent in her own right and has an independent attitude … comes to her to fall under her spell – but they are each counterparts of one another. She is as successful as he, and each is getting exactly what they want from one another. This is an eyes-wide-open somewhat calculating affair on both their parts. The end. That's all, Folks!
Instructions: Are YOU here for the first time? Come in! People love this place! Our site is divided into four sections: Guidance, Tarot Readings, Learn Tarot by Observation, and Learn Tarot by Pictures.
If you just want your daily look ahead, Guidance and Tarot Readings are all you need. 'Guidance' is a summary of what the cards are generally advising visitors to be aware of that day. 'Tarot Readings' is the actual word for word messages to everyone. So, go ahead and pick the sentences you feel are yours and decide whether to encourage or reject them for yourself. THEN, the family of commenters here would love for you to join in.
Nine of Pentacles
Two of Cups – Empress – Chariot
Tell the visitors here something useful and meaningful to them.
Tarot Readings: What's Love Got to Do with It? (Two of Cups and Empress)
Her attitude of not needing anyone, and her smashing sexy looks, make him need her, to demonstrate he is successful.
Only a masterful man can get the attentions of such an independent sexy dame.
A businesswoman who gets ahead on her sexy looks and her competence.
He is the master of the trophy woman, she achieves being wealthy through seducing him.
She is one of those socially prominent women who are promiscuous [who have casual sex] with men who are of their class.
She has all the money she needs but can still mooch some from an ambitious man.
Her effect on him is: He chooses her for her easygoing minds-her-own-business style.
He aims to have a grand love affair with a fine-looking lady who looks good and is a homebody.
A successful guy falls under the spell of a successful glamorous woman.
He can use her social standing, her influence, as a resource to achieve his purpose.
She is single and good-looking, and he intends to get her in bed.
She is in the business of supplying sex with glamorous women to successful men.
She is skilled at manipulating men to choose to keep her in the lifestyle she is accustomed to.
He chooses the most desirable women who could have any man … and do have them.
He prefers slutty gorgeous dames who act indifferent.
The way to get this successful man to choose you is to be down-and-dirty sexy and look like you have no interest in him.
He has decided to fool around with women who prefer being single and are promiscuous lookers.
She succeeds in being well-off due to being a selfish sexpot.
Nine of Pentacles
Two of Cups – Empress – Chariot
The sentences of the group Tarot readings are too similar, too interlocking, to try to divide them into categories. Why bother? They pretty much all say the same thing. It's all about sex.
Nine of Pentacles and Empress are both single women who have a comfortable-to-wealthy life. Neither of them is attached to a man.
Nine of Pentacles is a respectable businesswoman, is independent, minds her own business, is a homebody who owns the place (home or business) and lives alone: no boss, no one interferes in her affairs. (Don't ask her for a loan.)
Empress is gorgeous, sexy, laid back (literally: look at her!) easygoing, casual and relaxed. (She calls all the guys 'honey.') She too has a comfortable life, has whatever she wants that way, pampers herself and enjoys luxuries. (She is into lingerie.) She is often, sexy, slutty, easy or promiscuous. But she can also be a resource, be the ideal woman. Not today; another theme is established here.
Modifiers to this picture are, left, Two of Cups, the sexual affair, cheating, promiscuity; and Chariot, the man who decides or chooses and is master of the situation. The successful single man.
Empress and Two of Cups are both about casual sex, or even commercial sex in Two of Cups' case. Two of Cups can be manipulating, getting something out of someone, seducing, prostitution, selfishness, behind-the-scenes influence, and any kind of third-party interest or interference (such as being a madame).
Nine of Pentacles and Chariot are counterparts of one another along the lines of having achieved ambition, being successful, being masters of their fate and running an enterprise or business.
Two of Cups is seducing, having a use for another person, prostitution, betrayal or cheating, a sexual affair, and one person's deceitful influence upon another. In this spread, it is about sex. The illustration shows a couple 'pledging their troth' or committing, and the caduceus, a symbol of deceit also used by the medical profession (Imagine that!), is illustrated above and between them.
Empress is a flexible card. The illustration is depicting the old fertility goddess idea, what with the female symbol mounted upon a heart shaped shield, and verdant vegetation all about her. She is sitting upon fine cushions with a bored empty look on her face that sexy vixens often sport. As a fertility goddess, she can be pregnant. She can be a wealthy woman, a resource, even the ideal woman.
Chariot is the kind of fellow who would have an affair with a trophy-woman-cum-fertility-goddess: the virile champion who has achieved success by his own ambition. He is pictured driving forward with two steeds who each go different ways by inclination. In Tarot Verbatim(TM), here is the person (doesn't have to be a dude) who 'tacks against the wind,' who is a strategist who uses what is against him or her to get ahead, and who keeps an eye out for obstacles among the factors that do favor progress.
Nine of Pentacles does as well for herself as Chariot does: She too 'has it made.' She is competent at a business. She is at leisure in an estate she owns and runs herself as a single businesswoman. The falcon (Yeah, that thing is supposed to be a falcon!) indicates her active life. This isn't the dowager. She is the single woman, the independent woman, the woman who minds her own business and has a business to mind.
EXPLANATIONS: [Use the arrow at lower right to skip this and go to Comments.]
All the words of each Tarot card reading you see here are a phrase-by-phrase translation of the scene pictured on those cards: no filler, no psychic impressions, no spirit guide. Word-for-word Tarot Verbatim(TM).
In these group readings, there's no question (and no Questioner) to limit what the four cards can mean, so they can mean opposite things.
When there is a negative-meaning card (a 'negator,' I call them), the readings contradict one another because that card can make any of the other cards in the spread negative. Negator cards mean things like: no, never, not, end, can't, etc. Never be queasy about the number of 'bad' card because it takes two bad cards to say 'not dead' and only one to say 'dead.'
Without a question or a Questioner, pronouns (I, you, he, she, we, they, etc.) are very flexible. I leave out pronouns in writing this as much as possible – awkward to do that sometimes. When I put them in parentheses, feel very free to change them around to suit yourself.
Now in a 'real' individual reading, the questioner asks a specific question which provides at least half the information! In an individual's reading, the parties are identified and sometimes a time frame is too. Here, in a group reading, we cannot do that and so we get more variety of sentences.
Horoscopes are group readings, too. Astrology is based on someone else's birth data, though, so a 'solar' group horoscope never really solidly applies to you! (Astrologers want you to know this!)
Tarot successfully addresses the group of visitors, whoever they are. It provides useful information that applies to their daily lives: They tell you this in the comments, for three years now. Tarot can tell you things about people you don't know personally – such as whoever on your job has a say in your raise or continued employment there, whether that is one person or many. Visitors report that the information is equally accurate for new visitors as it is for the family of regular visitors.
Do you want to read Rider Waite Tarot, yourself? Start with Learn Tarot by Pictures to get the day's cards' individual meanings; then read Learn Tarot by Observation, which gives you the thinking those four cards inspire in a qualified reader. Next, Group Analytical Tarot Cards Reading is the various things those four cards can say (without a question to guide them). Then, Guidance is a summary.
In this way, your intuition allows you to learn to read the cards without much effort if you come often enough. Regular visitors can just put it together.
Illustrations from the Rider-Waite Tarot Deck®, known also as the Rider Tarot and the Waite Tarot, reproduced by permission of U.S. Games Systems, Inc., Stamford, CT 06902 USA. Copyright ©1971 by U.S. Games Systems, Inc. Further reproduction prohibited. The Rider-Waite Tarot Deck® is a registered trademark of U.S. Games Systems, Inc.
The entire contents of this website are Copyright © 2013. All rights reserved. This site may not be copied in whole or in part except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review without the express written permission of the publisher. All violators will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
NOTICE – Anyone found copying Tarot Verbatim's (TM) website or using Tarot Verbatim's (TM) trademarked/copyrighted text and/or images without Tarot Verbatim's (TM) express written consent by Emily Sandstrom will be reported to their billing company, their hosting company, and any other related companies or necessary parties for account closure. Tarot Verbatim (TM) will also follow with a copyright infringement lawsuit in accordance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).