text:
Hotels lead the industry in credit card theft.
Wait...which industry? The hotel industry? So hotels lead the hotel industry in credit card theft?
Redundant statement is redundant. Or poorly worded. Or just plain stupid.
And nose snorts. Don't forget about the nose snorts.
And nose snorts. Don't forget about the nose snorts.
Fascinating. Are you implying that more advanced nerds can develop snorts from other body parts?
Brother, you don't even want to KNOW what body parts my fiancee can use to make snorting sounds...
I do now.
>>>>>Pedantry. One of the disadvantages of living with a nerd.
Where I come from, we call them anal-retentive bastards. Or grandpas. Same difference.
>>>Wait...which industry? The hotel industry?
"Hotels lead the [credit] industry in credit card theft." There. Fixed that for you. Are you happy now? Here let the gorgeous Michelle Branch sing you the song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1vjRu3WUEE#t=14s [youtube.com]
I was a victim of this. I stayed in a Motel 6 in Oregon. About two months later
I could be wrong, but if I were walking into a Walmart with a rigged-up card, I think I'd want a fresh number, something from the previous 48 hours, maybe. Sixty days seems like an awfully long time in hot-CC-number-years. If nothing else, it shows tremendous restraint on the part of a small-time criminal, most of whom can't seem to wait sixty minutes before they spend the money (unless, of course, her name badge read, "D. B. Cooper.")
That is an inversion of purposes, between the headline and the article.
The Slashdot editors have dug down past simpleton level grammar and emerged not at the bottom of the scale, but somehow at the top, and turned the industry on its ear.
Which industry? I have no idea.
>>>Wait...which industry? The hotel industry?
"Hotels lead the [credit] industry in credit card theft." Fixed it. Are you happy now? Here let the gorgeous Michelle Branch sing you the song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1vjRu3WUEE#t=13s [youtube.com]
I think I was a victim of this a few years ago. I had driven to Oregon for a vacation where I stayed in a Motel 6. About two months later some guy in California spent $3500 at Walmart on my Discover credit account. Of course I didn't have to pay, since my sig
This just happened to us on a trip to Colorado. We stayed at a Super 8 and a Motel 6 while there, and at a Super 8 in Omaha. About a week after we got back we got 4 charges on our card that appeared to originate in Mexico. 2 of them were blocked by fraud detection of the card issuer, and 2 made it through. As it was a debit card, we were liable for $50 of the $600 in charges that made it through. Card was canceled and a new one issued. We are also going to use a credit card instead, so the card company in o
>>>As it was a debit card, we were liable for $50 of the $600
Why oh why do people continue using debit cards? If you had used a credit card, you would have been liable for *nothing*. And even if the Visa/Mastercard company tried to collect, you don't have to pay the bill. The money would be sucked from their account, not yours.
>>>We are also going to use a credit card instead
Redundant statement is redundant. Or poorly worded. Or just plain stupid.
Like the guy who moderated your post "redundant". Why are people with two digit IQs allowed at a nerd site, anyway?
Because they would sue for discrimination otherwise. One has to wonder if they crash Mensa parties...
What was not mentioned in the article is that some of this may be caused by the hotel staff. The folks who work the night shift are frequently underpaid and have a bunch of spare time to browse through the credit card numbers and transactions of the folks who have checked in that evening.
they can also clone your card to a room key as well if they want to I don't think they do that by default any more.
Most room keys do not offer a mag-stripe that is capable of holding all 3 tracks of CC data properly...
Most room keys do not offer a mag-stripe that is capable of holding all 3 tracks of CC data properly...
They don't need to create new, valid-looking cards on-site. Besides, all the fun stuff is replicated in tracks 1 and 2.
The room-key card system could provide a means of swiping (hah!) customer credit cards that doesn't require the same level of auditing that the actual payment systems should have. That could give them an easy way to grab the data for later.
On television they showed how waitresses, clerks, and other staff snake-in a machine (looks like a cellphone) and swipe the card directly through it. They can compile about 100 numbers per day and then produce fake cards in their home basement. ----- I was a victim of this. I stayed in a Motel 6. About two months later some guy in California spent $3500. Seems obvious the girl behind the desk swiped the number off my card.
>>>Wait...which industry? The hotel industry?
"Hotels lead the [credit] in
We have been vacationing on Hilton Head Island for over 20 years. Back in the late 1980s/early 1990s we were ripped off in a hotel employee scam. My mother would always pay in cash. Four crisp 100 dollar bills were laid on the counter and slid across to the staffer behind for our week long stay in paradise (we always found it hilarious that it was 1/6th as expensive as a shitty two bed hotel room on the Jersey shore). This year, however, the clerk requested that we put down a credit card to cover any damages which may occur during our stay. My mother, not one for hucksters, agreed reluctantly only because a young boy of no more than 10 or 11 was whining in the backseat of the minivan about how he had to pee.
After another excellent vacation we arrived home and a letter came in the mail with our receipt of a credit card charge in the amount of $400. My mother knowing this had to be a mistake as she had a similar receipt for $400 in cash called and explained the situation and expected it to be cleared up--after all we always paid with cash and never had problems before. After accusations of lying and trying to scam the resort out of money it was later determined that 7 or 8 other families met similar fates.
One of the employees was pocketing the cash and charging the credit cards. We were later begged to stay, free of charge, the next summer. My parents ignored the request and we spent the next few years in a far less cozy location on the other side of the island.
So yeah, some employees truly do suck--always have and always will.
So yeah, some employees truly do suck--always have and always will.
And should not be trusted with consumer financial data, which is a management error that is totally avoidable.
That's why I always pay by credit card from a reputable bank. You just dispute the payment and they cancel it for you. Some vendors have disputed my disputes after a quick call they have always refunded bad charges. Cash is so outdated and easy to lose.
Cash may be outdated, but it's really hard for someone to duplicate your cash and make it disappear from your pocket. Credit cards on the other hand, are trivial to duplicate, and if you know the mark is traveling, it's easy to get away with charges for days before they find out there is any fraudulent activity.
Cash is hard to lose, if you maintain proper control over it. If you aren't advertising that you carry large amounts of cash, random people won't know you have it. The
The physical risk of being liberated of the cash is then just as good as the physical risk of being liberated of your credit cards
But the amount of the loss is 100% vs 0%. I simply don't understand carrying anything other than trivial amounts of cash - why take the (small, but non-zero) risk of loss? Why deal with the inconvenience of running out at an inopportune moment? Sure I'm trading away some degree of privacy, and if that's an issue for you then fine. It's not for me.
I've found cash works a lot better for gray market purchases too.
That's why I always pay by credit card from a reputable bank. You just dispute the payment and they cancel it for you. Some vendors have disputed my disputes after a quick call they have always refunded bad charges. Cash is so outdated and easy to lose.
Define reputable bank. When the idiot Lypozene scam kept charging my card, after I'd notified them to stop (in writing even), the cc company did "investigate" and reversed the charges - then added back the charges, even though I cited the fraud charges against them, simply because they claimed the Lypozene people claimed their website said what they were doing was ok.
The bank was Chase, btw.
I've heard similar stories from Chase so they might not be as good with it. PNC Bank also seems hesitant sometimes (will wait for the vendor to explain) but in the end always delivers. I have very good experiences with BoA (world platinum cards - immediately taking charges off the account, not charging interest while investigating), HSBC (commercial accounts) and local credit unions.
I keep a low-credit limit card from a large bank just for this purpose. I make various online purchases with it and use it for proof of solvency for reserving a room at a hotel or such, but never make a purchase over about $50 with it. Its very very easy to spot any fraud on the bill at the end of the month, and very easy to call and explain and have the charges removed. As a Canadian I can heartily recommend both Canadian Tire Credit and the Bank of Montreal Mastercards for being very quick and easy goi
Let's be fair. You take people, pay them minimum wage, a wage that provides for now future with the claim that they deserve it for not trying hard enough whilst simultaneously claiming that must fawn and bend over backwards to serve the slightest whim of whiny pretentious customers, that sort of psychological stress will result in poor behaviour.
It would be interesting to see if this tendency is global or whether it's frequency closely aligns with with the paltriness of the salary and the attitude of cus
My mother knowing this had to be a mistake as she had a similar receipt for $400 in cash called and explained the situation and expected it to be cleared up--after all we always paid with cash and never had problems before. After accusations of lying and trying to scam the resort out of money it was later determined that 7 or 8 other families met similar fates.
Your mother called who? The hotel, or the credit card company? You'll almost always have better results (and fewer accusations of lying) with the lat
Anyway, if you went apeshit, they could dispute the charges as fraud. It's kind of a pain in the ass (faxed signed affidavit ) but if you have a decent bank, they'll stand behind you.
My company insists we put business expenses on company-provided AMEX cards.
However, about four years ago, AMEX started requesting to do personal credit checks before they renewed expiring cards and I refused to let them do it; my credit rating is fine, I've nothing to hide, but I just don't like AMEX as a company and don't want my personal details on their's (or any other company I refuse to deal with) database.
The company couldn't force me to give them permission to do the credit check on me, so I now use my personal credit card and enjoy the loyalty bonuses as a result.
I now use my personal credit card and enjoy the loyalty bonuses as a result
My company also forces us to use a corporate Amex card for all business-related expenses
So, you're able to hand in expenses using your personal card? (which contradicts the part about your company insisting on a corporate AMEX) Or you just don't get reimbursed?
At my old company, your choices were comply with the requirements, don't get reimbursed, or leave the company (voluntarily or not). With dozens of thousands of people, they just didn't care about your personal feelings on third party vendors.
There might be problems with using a personal CC in the near future. I believe you will be required to give every vendor a 1099 for business purchases over $600/yr. The record keeping will be a lot of trouble. I'm sure it's only the first step to a VAT.
What was not mentioned in the article is that some of this may be caused by the hotel staff. The folks who work the night shift are frequently underpaid and have a bunch of spare time to browse through the credit card numbers and transactions of the folks who have checked in that evening.
New York has enacted legislation to help prevent some of this type of fraud, by making it illegal to print whole CC numbers on receipts or to store them in the terminal (meaning immediate processing, with batches being done by transaction number IDs and not the CC number).
Problem is, I have STILL walked into places where the whole CC number and exp date are printed - even though it's in violation of the law. Makes it pretty easy to print out a list of the day's cc receipts, whole credit card numbers and e
There are in fact Federal laws about that - look here: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/business/alerts/alt007.shtm [ftc.gov] - but even if there weren't, there are many state laws, and there are network rules about it too, which you clearly know.
A merchant cannot show more than the last 5 digits of the card number or the expiration date on the receipt.
If you encounter a merchant in violation you can complain to the FTC.
I made a bunch of changes to a POS system 7 to 8 years ago to start accepting credit cards. Our dat
I travel a lot, and frequently grit my teeth when I call a hotel I've stayed at before and confirm only my name before they ask if I'd like to use the same card I used before, then reserve the room for me on the stored card info.
I recently had a hotel leave one of those quick check-out forms partially slid under my door. The problem was that it had my credit card information printed on it. It would have been quite easy to walk down the how and grab a dozen names, credit card numbers and expiration dates. On top of that, who knows what happens to the forms once you sign them as I highly doubt they go through a shredder.
I highly doubt they go through a shredder.
Paranoid as I tend to be, I would hope most of them would. Dumpster diving at a hotel would seem like an otherwise excellent way to dug up some fraud otherwise. If not just for the hotel staff then for the patrons. Makes one wonder just how much sensitive information gets casually tossed in the hotel room trashscan by the average guest? I can't say that I've EVER seen a shredder next to the bible and alarm clock before.
While a horrible practice, this is why the security code is printed on the back of the card and not included in normal credit card number print-outs.
The security code should be required for any payment, but is never displayed for security reasons.
Technology is supposed to solve problems, but often creates problems. Back before computers and the internet when a CC transaction involved simply a pre-printed form with carbon paper and the card's embossed name/number, these security problems were very rare. But technology isn't the problem here, it's merchants who treat the new technology like it was identical to the old technology, and governments who fail to keep regulation up to date being aware of how new technology can create new problems. Merchants
carbon paper and the card's embossed name/number, these security problems were very rare
Rare, but not unheard of.
I know of somebody who had a fraudulent transaction applied against their credit card, and after investigating the police determined that some fraudster must have gone dumpster diving for discarded carbon slips, and copied the information/signature from there.
And some here will no doubt remember when those carbon forms went from having a single piece of carbon paper to a piece that was perforated half-way through where the card number would hit. Half the carbon would go in the garbage, the other half stayed with the merchant copy if I remember correctly.
Merchants are lax with security because there's no reason not to be.
Not exactly the case... a merchant found to be in breach of their PCI standards (which you agree to when you set up a gateway account) can have their charge privileges suspended or denied. And a hotel who couldn't process Visa/MC/Amex/Disc cards wouldn't last very long at all. You can argue that there should be more sport-checks, but PCI auditing is already a very expensive process, especially for smaller companies (you can easily spend $50K+ on an audit at PCI level one).
All of this because banks REFUSE to implement simple and effective security procedures using smart cards even though the technology to do so has been easily available for decades now.
They have no incentive to do so. If they had to pay through the nose for data breaches, you can bet that they would impliment those technologies.
I'm sure they would. But that means it's not a failure of technology, it's a failure of businessmen to do the right thing.
As you say, as long as they are allowed to externalize the costs of their repeated failures, they will continue.
They don't. I'll name names.
I was at the Doubletree in Crystal City, VA (just outside DC). I used the "Print from your room" facility.
My printout was on the BACK of printouts that included names, addresses, and phone numbers (no CC's though). I told the front desk that they might want to look into their paper recycling policy...
Obviously, at the time of transaction, the CC info is needed to make the transaction, but why do they retain the info after that? Don't the credit card networks issue a transaction ID for every transaction? If, after a transaction, the hotel needs to do something like refund part or all of the charge (e.g. returning a deposit), it would seem like they should be able to do that with just the transaction ID. Is there something I'm missing?
This, it seems to me, applies to almost every merchant - retail, dining, entertainment, services, hotels, whatever. Why do they need to retain the info?
If the end-user is not responsible, and this all becomes the responsibility of the credit card networks and banks, then I suppose I don't care too much, but if this can end up adversely affecting the credit reports of the victims, then I think the credit card industry needs some reform, beginning with mandates that info not be retained by merchants. A hacker can't steal what isn't there (although, a hacker could still potentially capture the CC info in real-time at the moment of the transaction, but at least you've reduced stored-data attacks).
I think with hotels the issue is less of a refund than it is an extra charge. Let's say someone checks out at 10am and leaves town. The cleaning staff get to the room at 11:30 to find that anything not nailed down was taken (carried out a side door at 2am) and the room completely trashed. Hotels keep those numbers to protect themselves without putting a reserve of $1,000 on your card for a one-night stay in a two-star hotel.
I can't think of any reason for other merchants to keep your data beyond the poin
With a decent gateway you don't even have to do that. You take your gateway credentials and the credit card information, and use them to create a unique storable key. The only thing you can do with that key is to move money between that one particular CC and your gateway account (refund, add'l charge, etc). Technically someone could steal it and either issue refunds or make additional charges, but they generally wouldn't because there's no incentive for them to do so. Far safer (and more PCI compliant)
Hotels might have a valid reason. Other merchants do not. They can refund charges without having the number. This is another case where I think we have to resort to legislation making it illegal to retain credit card numbers. It's stupid though on so many levels though.
1. The merchant shouldn't retain the credit card number (it is in their own best interest NOT to, since they are liable for the resulting fraud).
2. The credit card company shouldn't let the store retain the credit card information (fraud
It's my understanding that the CC companies are moving towards what you are talking about (store transaction tokens, not CC details). But the CC companies are very reluctant to really push all the merchants to upgrade their systems.
The merchants, of course, don't want to spend any money updating their systems. And the CC companies can't afford to simply cut off large numbers of merchants that won't upgrade or comply to guidelines.
If the end-user is not responsible, and this all becomes the responsibility of the credit card networks and banks, then I suppose I don't care too much, but if this can end up adversely affecting the credit reports of the victims, then I think the credit card industry needs some reform, beginning with mandates that info not be retained by merchants.
They used to call it Fraud and it was the banks problem. Now they call it Identity Theft and it's your problem.
If, after a transaction, the hotel needs to do something like refund part or all of the charge (e.g. returning a deposit), it would seem like they should be able to do that with just the transaction ID. Is there something I'm missing?
The fact that VISA/Mastercard/etc (or by proxy, most payment processors) provide no way to do that.
Why do they need to retain the info?
When the customer inquires about a charge, they don't/can't/won't have a transaction identifier. There is no transaction identifier issued
I recently stayed at a cheap chain motel while traveling for a softball tournament. They had a sign posted (in the disused lavoratory, etc.) along the lines of:
Theft is a problem. We have a safe in your room. If you use it and someone steals your stuff, we'll insure you up to $10,000. For your convenience, a $1.50 charge will be added to your bill for the rental of the safe. If you don't want to pay the charge, let us know and we'll remove it.
(Part in bold is as verbatim as my memory allows.)
When I checked out the next morning, I asked the clerk to remove the $1.50 fee. She kind of huffed, spent the next 5 minutes messing around with the computer, then gave me a receipt for the correct amount that I expected to pay. Two days later, I noticed that my online statement was off $1.50+tax. Sure enough, they'd charged me anyway. When I called them to say that I wanted it fixed - yes, I am that stubborn and nitpicky - they assured me that this never happens and they were so sorry.
As cheap as the motel was, that was an extra 3% or so in automatic free revenue. If they're operating at a 10% profit margin, that's about a 66% increase in actual profit. How many times to people look that closely at their credit card bills? I'd be willing to bet that 99 times out of 100, people see that the charge was correct to the nearest $10 and don't check it to the penny, or they figure it's not worthwhile and don't follow up on it.
The desk clerk had corrected the charge and finished my bill and now was just concerned with getting rid of me so he finally said, "Sometimes, sir, hotels just try to rip you off". I had no response.
I worked the night shift at a reasonably nice motel when I was in college so that I could study during all the down-time. Although the management had their own set of annoyances like overcharging for every little thing, they were scrupulously honest. For example, the phones had the ridiculous rates printed on the face around the buttons so you could easily see the prices, and part of my night audit job was to compare the phone system's logs with the room charges. If I found that we'd accidentally overcharge
Does using your email name for spam qualify?
I was cold called by someone offering "indemnity theft."
Hackers often target hotel pbx systems to call rooms and "confirm" credit cards with people staying there.. Its one of those big issues you never hear about until someone is caught and its easily done since 99% of the hotel rooms don't offer any caller-id functionality. So if you get a call while in a room to confirm your credit card, just ask to go downstairs and confirm at desk.
Although it was about traveling outside the country.
He was teaching the Networking course, and during a brief section on security and encryption he mentioned how he had recently been traveling (he wouldn't say where, but he was born in India) and stayed at a five-star hotel while he was out of the country. He then pointed out how he had requested a new/temporary credit card from his bank for the trip, which he only used to pay for the hotel, and he canceled the card as soon as he was back in the US.
By the
I remember years ago I drove around a little with my laptop on the passenger seat recording the SSIDs I'd passed. Always fun to see how people name things. One that stood out was a Pik N Save or something... they strangely had a Wifi setup but the name was.
Yeah, their Point of Sales network was unencrypted and accessible throughout the huge parking lot and onto the main road.
Perhaps the hotels used the same contractor. Very cheap and fast setup, works great.
Just one observation...
Of course an unecrypted WLAN is a *VERY BAD* idea but just because the WLAN isn't encrypted doesn't mean you'll be able to sniff anything on it if all the transmissions on it go over SSL or some other encryption method.
Personally, I'd hope that anything involving a credit card transaction anywhere goes over SSL by default.
That's true but anyone could sit in the parking lot and record everything going over that wire for months. Or hide a little sniffer box under a bush somewhere and record all year long. It was probably around 2000 that this happened so I'm gonna guess they weren't using RC4 or anything like that. Eventually you could brute force it with so many samples.
Shoot in those days I opened up my laptop at work, it automatically joined the open wireless there and my boss screamed that I'd "Hacked" into the network.
Oh, don't get me wrong - just because the connection is encrypted does not mean that you can't just hop onto the WLAN, hack a user account on a server somewhere and pull unencrypted credit card information from server itself!
Wait, you had your laptop configured to automatically join any available open wireless network? And you are worrying about other people's security practices?
Now with smartphones people aren't quite so retarded.
We found one of the office girls plugged in her little Apple Air-Port Express to the LAN under her desk, so she could use the WLAN on her iPhone at her desk.
When was confronted, she couldn't comprehend why it was a bad thing she was doing.
Fortunately the policy (which we thoughtfully presented her with a paper copy of) clearly states that allowing strangers onto the company LAN can be a firing offense.
That she understood (if not why)
Unfortunately, you've highlighted the major problem with business today.
No business nowadays is ever interested in striving towards ensuring every customer gets the best possible service from them, they just puff their chests out and crow when they achieve a particular statistical level of performance.
"95% of calls to us are answered within 10 seconds" - the 5% of callers who were cut off or who sat were sat listening to ringing tone for 10 minutes do not matter.
"Acme Disinfectant kills 99.9% of all germs"
Come on. That's totally pathetic.
To try and make a point about people evaluating the cost of particular actions(like prosecuting credit card fraud) and occasionally choosing an option which is cheaper for them but worse for everyone else, which is bad, and then try to compare it to companies being realistic about their ability to deliver. Then you throw in a dig towards the US.
You can't ever guarantee 100% of anything. No matter how many people you employ in your call center there's always a call rate which
The night auditors would go through the thousand or so CC slips, and using CC software on a PC, pull up the authorization by CC Number and enter the final amount.
Anyway... long story longer
I had a business trip there about 15 years ago. About a year later, I got a snail mail birthday card greeting from the hotel. I thought that is was kind of cute, and mentioned it to another colleague who often traveled to Geneva at that time. He is a security weenie, and told me:
Just think what will happen when the hotel retires their PC, and gives it to a child of one of the employees, without scrubbing the disk.
There goes your name, credit card number, and birthday info . . .
There are two ways to steal credit card numbers: getting them from a computer system of some kind (up to an including things like putting a stripe reader on the front of an ATM) and the old-fashioned way of a clerk or waiter or whoever just looking at a card and copying the numbers. Does anyone know of any data showing which is more common?
We'll be working on a build of our opensource POS designed for hospitality starting in October and ready for release early next year. We've gone through the PA-DSS audit process and frankly, with todays payment systems, if your POS system is storing any card holder data, you're doing it wrong. We off load that data to the CC processor and only store either a transaction ID that can referenced later or a token of that card, not the card data itself.
Unless you're using POTS and modems for authorization, you're going to have some down time due to connectivity outages, due to the cheapo DSL your locations will probably have.
During that time, it probably won't be acceptable to not accept credit cards, so what you do is accept it, save the card info, and hope it gets approved when connectivity returns. There's some risk to that method, but really, the vast majority of transactions get approved, so there isn't that much risk. And it's better than pissing of
The only time my credit card was robbed was by a hotel, in Paris. The FBI ignored me, the French police ignored me, my credit card company ignored me after they canceled the charge (without evidence). It's a "cost of doing business" to them, but my hours of time, long distance phone bills, and inconvenience are a cost to me. And to the next person that hotel robs, or the hotel down the street.
It's obvious that credit cards should have one-time passwords for distribution. One password per transaction, assign
Loose bits sink chips.


text:
The lights are on
I t could very well be reviewed in the next gameinformer, as its release date is set for the end of january. What are your thoughts? Will GI trash it again? Are you buying it at launch? Is Gamestop gonna put together a preorder deal and what should it be? What will its real score be?
Suda51 Group
If GI trashes it, I won't care. I still have my copy pre-ordered and all, and I can't wait to play as Travis again. I know I'm going to enjoy this game a lot.
Can't wait.
Same here, I hope they include some preorder stuff myself since I plan on buying this first thing anyway.
I wish GI put a search button on the site when they redid it.
Meant no disrespect with this thread, joeseph. But yours was full of spoilers, I wanted one more reserved.
I wish GI put a search button on the site when they redid it.
I know, ridiculous, isn't it.
It looks like it will be much better than its original. I doubt GI will really give it a bad score unless the game really sucks!
"Push the A button to slash, slash, slash and repeatedly slash"
It has my attention.
Currently playing: Modern Warfare 2, Resident Evil 5, New Vegas, Halo Reach, Bulletstorm
Add me on XBL: Pyr0CheeZeCake (that's a zero)
The Freeman Returns 2012. I'll give it hope for another year...
Please people learn how to use the search box. Ive seen so many no more heros 2 threads. If your not sure what it looks like here you go
I'm a Legendary GI member.
I'm going to get the game no matter the reviewed score. The review from the first installment delayed my purchase but when I did. Holy Crap. No More Heroes turned out to be one of my favorite Wii titles. And part 2 will deliver more.
Grotesque violence...check
Sexual innuendos...check
Mecha duels...check
No More Heroes 2 will rule.
PSN ID - sgtCARLINO
Meant no disrespect with this thread, joeseph. But yours was full of spoilers, I wanted one more reserved.
I mean no disrespect but "spoilers" are going to show up in these types of threads. If this thread stayed up for long enough, it too would have its share of spoilers, some of which will be the same as in the other thread. It's a discussion thread, people are going to discuss every piece of information they've heard about.
Considering that the game hasn't even come out yet, I imagine any spoilers at this point shouldn't prove to be enough to weigh in on your desire to play the game, and if it is that bad, then turn a blind eye to all discussions of the game until after you play it for yourself.

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
USFWS National Digital Library
Regulatory History
Prior to 1920, hydropower developers
needed a special act of Congress
to build and operate a project on
navigable streams of Federal lands.
In 1920, in response to increased
demand for electricity during World
War I, Congress enacted the Federal
Water Power Act which established
the Federal Power Commission. The
FPC was composed of the Secretaries
of War, Department of Agriculture,
and the Department of the Interior
and was responsible for licensing
non-Federal hydropower projects that
affected navigable waters, occupied
Federal lands, used water or water
power at a government dam, or
affected the interests of interstate
commerce. The Act also required the
FPC to license only those projects
that in its judgment were "....best
adapted to a comprehensive plan for
improving or developing a waterway or
waterways.... ." In addition, the FWPA
included provisions for protecting the
public's interest in the use of a national
resource (i.e., rivers). In 1930, the FPC
was reorganized into an independent
Commission composed of fi ve members
appointed by the President with the
advice and consent of the Senate.
In 1935, Congress amended the Federal
Water Power Act of 1920 as Part I of
the Federal Power Act. This legislation
extended the FPC's authority to
regulate the interstate aspects of
the electric power industry. In the
Department of Energy Organization
Act of October 1, 1977, Congress
created the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission and abolished the FPC.
The Commission inherited most of the
work done by the FPC, including the
licensing of non-Federal hydroelectric
power projects.
On October 24, 1992, Congress enacted
the National Energy Policy Act, which:
•Keeps licensees from using the
right of eminent domain in parks,
recreational areas, or wildlife refuges
established under State law;
•Allows applicants for a license to fund
environmental impact statements,
referred to as third-party contracting;
•Authorizes FERC to assess licensees
for costs incurred by Federal and
State fi sh and wildlife agencies and
other natural and cultural resource
agencies for studies and other reviews
for the purposes of administering their
responsibilities under the Federal
Power Act (although, monies collected
on behalf of Federal and State fi sh and
wildlife agencies is directly reimbursed
to the treasury - not to the specifi c
agency that incurred the cost).
On October 16, 1986, Congress passed
the Electric Consumers Protection Act,
which amended the Federal Power Act.
Major changes included provisions for
the following:
•New procedures for processing
re-license applications - increasing
opportunities for Federal and State
agencies, interested organizations, and
the public to participate in the process;
•A requirement that FERC base
its recommendations for mitigating
adverse effects of a licensing proposal
on the recommendations of Federal
and State fi sh and wildlife agencies
and to negotiate with the agencies if
disagreements occur;
•A requirement for FERC to give
the same level of consideration to
the environment, recreation, fi sh and
wildlife, and other nonpower values
that it gives to power and development
objectives in making licensing
decisions; and
•Authority for FERC to issue
compliance orders and assess civil
penalties of up to $10,000 per day for
violation of rules, regulations, and
license terms and conditions.
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


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text:
Apple is seeking $2.5 billion from Samsung in an upcoming patent trial between the two companies. Apple accuses Samsung of ripping off its iPad design with the Galaxy Tab 10.1
In the latest jaw-dropping news to come out of Apple and Samsung's U.S. patent dispute, Apple is hoping to collect a whopping $2.5 billion from its South Korean rival in a San Jose trial that begins Monday.
But, of course, while Apple is asking for that much, it's unlikely to receive so much money, or even emerge the winner, when all is said and done. First, the $2.5 billion that Apple wants Samsung to pay is an unprecedented, almost laughable amount. Second, Samsung is also seeking a half-cent levy in damages for every Apple iPhone and iPad sold, alleging that Apple is infringing on patents of its own.
"These numbers are pretty high," said Mark A. Lemley, Director of Stanford's Program in Law, Science and Technology. "If Apple got the $2.5 billion, it would be the largest patent victory in history."
In a similar patent dispute in Australia, a judge Monday called Apple and Samsung's technology and design patent disputes "ridiculous." In the U.K., a judge ruled that the Samsung Galaxy tab couldn't possibly be found to infringe on the iPad because it's "not as cool" and has ordered Apple to run ads in British newspapers stating that Samsung doesn't infringe on its patents.
As far as the US litigation, either side getting exactly what it asks for is unlikely, Lemley said. "Those numbers will likely come down, but really, the money is secondary to the injunctions at stake in this case."
Leading up to the San Jose trial, both Apple and Samsung have had their share of small victories and defeats in the realm of product injunctions. In June, U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh, who is presiding over the San Jose proceedings, issued a preliminary sales ban on Samsung's Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet and the Galaxy Nexus smartphone. In July, about a week after the smartphone ban was imposed, a federal appeals court overturned the sales stoppage.
"A jury could rule either way on some of these design patents and injunctions," Lemley said. "The iPad design patent is basically a rectangle. If it's really the case that nobody else can design a tablet that looks like a rectangle, then some changes will need to be made across the entire industry."
Apple is accusing Samsung of ripping off the look and feel of its iPhone and iPad products, as well as using Apple patents to advance the technology in its products, which have led to rising Samsung sales.
"Samsung's infringing sales have enabled Samsung to overtake Apple as the largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world," Apple said in court documents first obtained by the website Foss Patents. "Samsung has reaped billions of dollars in profits and caused Apple to lose hundreds of millions of dollars through its violation of Apple's intellectual property."
Samsung, meanwhile, accuses Apple of infringing on patents, "without which Apple could not have become a successful participant in the mobile telecommunications industry," according to a Reuters report. Samsung also accused Apple of working to "stifle legitimate competition and limit consumer choice to maintain its historically exorbitant profits," the report said.
Samgung HQ 1930
Apple Granted Patent for High-Concept Input Techniques
Apple was granted a sweeping, multipronged patent today by the United States Patent and Trademark Office — but you may need a degree in theoretical physics to divine exactly which technologies the patent is protecting. The patent, "Method for providing human input to a computer," addresses both new and existing ways we interact with touchscreen devices, and covers everything from computer interfaces, to Kinect-style gaming and virtual-reality gloves, to touch input for vehicles.
"This is a classic submarine patent," General Patent Corporation CEO Alexander Poltorak told Wired, referring to patents filed before November 2000, which remain secret until they're granted. Hidden for years, a submarine patent can be significantly updated and amended until it finally emerges — at which point the whole world might be tripping over its patented technology. "It was just issued this year, but if you look at the history, patent continuation after continuation, it was originally filed in 1995. It has been submerged under water in the U.S. patent office for a long time," Poltorak said.
Apple acquired this patent from a Canadian inventor named Timothy Pryor. Today's granted patent dates back to an application filed in 2009, and although extensive, Poltorak says it's not actually broad per se: "It describes a lot of things, but each claim is, in its own way, very specific," he said.
The patent describes a number of input techniques for computer systems, including optical techniques for detecting surface distortion from a physical input like the touch of a finger. One of the major distinctions with this type of input is that it would register displacement information in the X, Y and Z planes, as opposed to just the X and Y.
"No known commercial devices can do this, and a limited technology set exists for this purpose—especially over large extensive screen or pad areas," the patent description states.
Apparently, the patented technique would allow for "a potential 'four' or 'five dimensional' capability" rather than just two-dimensional input sensitivity. (It's nice to know the USPTO recognizes the fifth dimension, right?).
Regardless, the patent states the technology would allow you to press harder or softer to change the degree of input, like when you're drawing a line.
Apple's invention could also detect complex area "signatures" instead of merely points, differentiating input from the palm of the hand, for example, which could help blind and visually impaired people use a device. The technology would also be able to dynamically store and remember input signatures, either physically or in memory.
The method also accounts for tactile feedback, such as vibrations or a burst of air. This feedback would be particularly useful for controlling things in an environment like the inside of a car's cabin, where you need to keep your eyes on the road, according to the patent.
"The capability of the invention to be ergonomically and 'naturally' compatible with human data entry is a major feature," the patent description states. Although the patent largely discusses touch inputs, the techniques described aren't limited to touchscreen devices: "Sensing of the screen is non contact, and the sensing screen can be as simple as a piece of plate glass, or a wall."
Apple's technology could also be used for gaming applications. One of the proposed input methods would allow a player to play a game as he might in a physical sports, along the lines of the Microsoft Kinect platform.
Does all of this sound a bit confusing? You're not alone. The patent uses inscrutable language, and it's debatable whether the patent office even knew what it was granting. "It's not easy to unravel what this patent covers, and whether it's valid or not," Poltorak said.
On Tuesday, Apple was also granted a patent relating to providing information based on object recognition, which could appear in future iPhones.
The system would first detect your current environment based on data from the phone's camera, an IR sensor, or an RFID tag reader. Then you could switch the mode to "Museum" or "Restaurant," to search for pieces of art in a museum, or locate nearby restaurants, respectively. It could keep a log of previously identified objects, and the user could create an album of those objects, too.
Samgung HQ 2012
Apple demands $2.02, plus $3.10... equals a total of $2.5 billion in Samsung damages
How big is $2.525 billion when you're Apple? It won't affect living standards in Cupertino, that's for sure, but it's evidently enough to be worth hauling a rival through the US courts. The figure is revealed in Apple's damages claim, submitted in the run-up to its battle with Samsung in California, and is quite separate to other claims in Europe and Australia. If you're not already sick and tired of this feud, then the sums behind that big amorphous total make for curious reading.
According to a unit cost breakdown by Foss Patents, Apple wants $2.02 for every previously sold Samsung product that uses "overscroll bounce," another $2.02 for those that allow "tap to zoom and navigate," $3.10 for those that involve a "scrolling API," plus a mega $24 for each and every device that breaks an Apple design patent or trade dress right. That means the bulk of Apple's claim -- as much as $2 billion -- is actually for aesthetic rather than technical infringements. Of course, these figures have no bearing on what the US court may eventually decide to award to either party, and neither do they factor in any strategic value of the blood from Samsung's nose, or the negative PR that can only grow amid such litigious behavior.
Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 banned in EU in fresh Apple patent twist
Mixed news for Samsung: while its redesigned Galaxy Tab 10.1N can go on sale, its smaller Galaxy Tab 7.7 will see a sales ban in Germany extend to the entire EU.
A German court has ruled that an existing ban on the Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 that prevented the device from being sold in the country should be extended across the entire European Union -- although the larger Galaxy Tab 10.1N can remain on sale.
Samsung's Galaxy Tab 7.7, the smaller version of the popular tablet, had been banned in Germany in September 2011. The Dusseldorf Higher Regional Court ruled today that the ban should be extended to all 27 European member states, on the grounds that the device infringes Apple-owned patents that date back to 2004.
The South Korea-based technology giant said it was "disappointed" with the court's ruling, and reiterated its position on protecting against its intellectual property rights, with methods "including legal action."
However, it's a different story for Apple's bid to seek a sales injunction against the larger, more popular Galaxy Tab 10.1N -- a revised version of its predecessor, the Galaxy Tab 10.1, which was under scrutiny in several countries, including Germany, for allegedly copying the iPad's design.
The Dusseldorf court said today that the design changes were significant enough to differentiate the new tablet from the older version, and the original injunction that prevented the sale of the device in Germany should no longer apply.
This comes only a week after a U.K. victory for Samsung stemming from a ruling that the Galaxy tablets weren't "cool" enough to have infringed the iPad's design. Apple was consequently told to place an "advertisement" for Samsung on its U.K. Web site and in British newspapers informing the public that the company did not copy Apple's products, in a bid to counteract the negative press Samsung may have suffered.
The EU-wide sales ban could conflict with the U.K. ruling -- which covered three Galaxy Tab products, including the Galaxy Tab 7.7.
The rulings are based on preliminary injunction requests, and full trials yet to be held to gauge the full merits of each case.
Samsung said it "welcomes the court's ruling which confirms our position that the Galaxy Tab 10.1N does not infringe Apple's intellectual property and does not infringe laws against unfair competition," adding that Apple's "generic design patents" could see innovation and progress "restricted."
Apple did not respond for comment at the time of writing.
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text: Rooney giving Ronaldo a good beating is just what we would expect from Ronney isn't it! After all, when Rooney got kicked out of the game on Saturday it wasn't really Rooneys fault because poor, little, twatty Ronaldo provoked him so badly. Rooney could use a good beating himself. Maybe then he wouldn't act like such a moron half the time.


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If the Postal Service doesn't deliver letters on Saturdays, mailboxes nationwide get a day off from being stuffed with junk mail. No big deal, right? But if you pay your bills by mail or subscribe to a DVD rental service, the change could hit your wallet.
The United States Postal Service announced Wednesday it plans to eliminate Saturday letter delivery, effective Aug. 5. Packages will continue to be delivered on Saturdays, and Post Office locations currently open on Saturdays will remain open that day under the new schedule. Consumers' outgoing mail would not be retrieved from their home mailboxes on Saturdays, nor would letters placed in a blue USPS box be picked up, says Darleen Reid, a spokeswoman for the USPS. Letters delivered to a Post Office location will not be processed that day, but will be processed Sunday for Monday delivery. See: USPS to drop Saturday mail
Without Saturday delivery or pickup, consumers will have to be more careful about making sure mailed bill payments arrive on time, says Gail Cunningham, a spokeswoman for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. "Pay your bill the day it arrives, if you're paying by mail," she suggests. By law, credit card issuers have to set a payment deadline at least 21 days out from when they mail cardholders' statements, and the post office shift would mean consumers might get their statement two days later and have to send payment two days earlier.
This will inconvenience fewer people than it might have in the past: Just 23% of all bill payments are made with a check, according to an August 2011 study from research firm Fiserv, down from 61% in 2002. Meanwhile, online payments rose from 13% to 50% of payments during the same period. But that still represents billions of checks — another Fiserv study found that 59% of consumers still write at least one payment check each month. Consumers mailed just under 5 billion payments in 2010, according to a report that year from financial services research firm Aite Group. They projected a 6% drop by 2013, to roughly 4.7 billion mailed payments.
But even staunch e-payers may find that they have some mailed payments to worry about, says Ruth Susswein, deputy director of national priorities for advocacy group Consumer Action. Banks still send some payments arranged online through the mail, usually for smaller creditors that aren't set up to receive electronic payments, she says.
For consumers renting DVDs through a mail-delivery service like Netflix, no Saturday letter pickup or delivery can devalue subscriptions. Someone maximizing a monthly $7.99 one-disc Netflix subscription — watching the movie the day it arrives and mailing it back the next day — would get one less disc during August 2013, eight instead of nine, if they started the month with a disc in hand. (A Netflix spokesman says the company had no immediate comment.)
It's too early to tell whether consumers will add more discs to their packages, switch to a streaming subscription or maintain the status quo, says Dan Rayburn, an industry analyst with Frost & Sullivan. "It's unlikely to make a major impact," he says — Netflix's DVD business has been declining. In the fourth quarter of 2012, the company reported 8.2 million domestic DVD subscribers, down from 10 million in the first quarter. Domestic streaming subscriptions, meanwhile, grew from 23.4 million to 27.1 million during that same period. "With Redbox still around, people who want them can still get DVDS easily," Rayburn says.


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In Episode #17, MECFS Alert co-host Llewellyn King invited patients to share things that help them get through the day. He reads one letter from the enormous number he received, and hopes to offer more over time on the ME/CFS Alert Facebook page. All to reassure us that "we are not taking life's journey alone. Particularly for the sick to understand that they are in the company of brave people suffering like themselves."
All MECFS Alert Videos are on YouTube at www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-EH8ECrwAg


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The Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation presented a check last week for $1,000 to support the Jerms McGraw Second Chance Scholarship Fund in a ceremony at Palm Beach Atlantic University. The Foundation raised the funds at its Annual Community Fitness Run, held this past fall in Wellington.
|Coming together for the recent Jerms McGraw Second Chance Scholarship Fund check presentation at Palm Beach Atlantic University are, from left, Dr. Jim Laub, dean of the MacArthur School of Leadership; Kate Myers de Vega, assistant professor of English at PBA; Sonya Moste, associate director of marketing and communications for the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation; Mary Lou Bedford, executive vice president of the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation; Tim and Juanita McGraw, parents of Lt. Jerms McGraw; and PBA President William M. B. Fleming, Jr.
The scholarship was created in memory of U.S. Marine Corps 2nd Lt. Jeremiah McGraw. Known by his nickname "Jerms," Lt. McGraw was a student in the Catherine T. MacArthur School of Leadership while serving as a Marine reservist, part of the 4th ANGLICO unit in West Palm Beach.
Lt. McGraw died on Sept. 10, 2009, during a training exercise in Central Florida while serving his country. He was 22. Prior to his death, Lt. McGraw earned a bachelor's degree in organizational management from PBA.
"Jerms McGraw was a patriotic hero who is now saluted by both Palm Beach Atlantic University and the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation," says William M. B. Fleming, Jr., president of Palm Beach Atlantic University. "Through the Foundation's advocacy, community members can participate in passing along Lt. McGraw's commitment to character and country."
This type of scholarship program is an endowed scholarship. The principal of the endowment is never spent, so the endowment funds scholarships in perpetuity. As the funds mature, the scholarship awards increases with time. Wayne Burns, CEO of the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation said, "We are happy to make long lasting investments in our community and people who need a second chance."
Mary Lou Bedford, executive vice president of the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation, presented the check to President Fleming. In attendance were the parents of Lt. McGraw, Tim and Juanita McGraw, who are committed to growing the scholarship fund each year.
The contribution made by the Foundation boosts the scholarship fund to more than $26,000. To date, the scholarship fund has supported four students. Three additional students will be presented with the Jerms McGraw Second Chance Scholarship at the University's Speaker Series lecture on Thursday, April 3. Jimmy Collins, former president and chief operating officer of Chick-fil-A, will speak at the event hosted by the MacArthur School of Leadership at Palm Beach Atlantic University and the PBA Alumni Association. The event will be held 6:30 p.m. in the DeSantis Family Chapel, 300 Okeechobee Blvd., in West Palm Beach. The presentation is free and open to the public.
About the Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation
The Central Palm Beach County Community Foundation is the 501c3 philanthropic arm of the Central Palm Beach County Chamber of Commerce. The geographic footprint of the Central Palm Beach County Chamber extends the sugar cane fields near Lake Okeechobee to the coral reefs of the Atlantic Ocean, encompassing 15 incorporated municipalities and serving a population of more than 490,000 residents, roughly 36 percent of the population of Palm Beach County. From Cane-to-Coral the communities located within the chamber's footprint are: Acreage, Atlantis, Belle Glade, Greenacres, Lake Clarke Shores, Lake Worth, Lantana, Loxahatchee, Loxahatchee Groves, Manalapan, Palm Springs, Royal Palm Beach, South Palm Beach, Wellington and West Palm Beach. Over 1,200 member businesses receive benefits through the Chamber's programs and services. The Chamber also produces community events such as Reggae Fest, Salsa Fest, Women for Women 5K/10K, Tropical Triathlon, Community Fitness Run and the Street Painting Festival.
About Palm Beach Atlantic University
Palm Beach Atlantic University (PBA) is a private, independent university offering undergraduate, graduate and professional degrees in West Palm Beach, Orlando, Wellington and online. The University is dedicated to the integration of Christian principles to prepare students for learning, leadership and service. The lecture on April 3 is part of the MacArthur Leadership Speaker Series. For more information, call Delesa Morris, assistant vice president for Alumni Relations and Annual Fund,
at (561) 803-2022.
To watch a 16-minute documentary about Lt. Jerms McGraw and the scholarship's first recipient, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGLOF3MriL8


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Medical Records
The Health Information Management (HIM) Department at Nationwide Children's Hospital provides patients, patient families and healthcare professionals with medical records such as nurse's notes, lab tests, reports and treatment plans.
How to Request Medical Records
Copies of medical records can be requested in one of three ways:
By mail:
Mail your completed authorization form to:
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Health Information Management Department
Attn: Correspondence
700 Children's Drive
Columbus, OH 43205
In person:
For your convenience, Authorization forms are available in all clinic locations. Once you've completed the form, you can either have the clinic staff forward it to the HIM department or you can drop it off at the Radiology /Medical Records Office (700 Children's Drive) located on the first floor of the Tower building next to Radiology or at 255 East Main St.
By fax:
Your completed authorization form can be faxed to (614) 355-0797.
Medical Record Request Forms
|Print Medical Records Request Form (English)
|Print Medical Records Request Form (Spanish)
|Print Medical Records Request Form (Somalian)
|Print Medical Records Request Form (Japanese)
Turnaround Time for Requests
All requests, whether delivered in-person, by mail, or via fax, require a 5-7 day processing time. No same day requests will be accepted. Fees will be assessed upon receipt of your request and an invoice mailed. No fees are due up front. When your check or money order is received, the records will be mailed. If you would prefer to pick up your records, please note this preference on the authorization form and a representative will contact you with the fees and arrange a pick up time.
For Questions:
For questions about your request or to speak to a representative from our office, please call (614) 355-0777.


text:
Meet Doc Martin
Share this:
Doc Martin
Thursday at 7pm on PBS North
Premieres June 20
Spend the summer in Cornwall with one of England's most cantankerous characters. Starring Martin Clunes (Men Behaving Badly), the British based series follows Dr. Martin Ellingham, a celebrated London surgeon, who relocates to a beautiful but sleepy small Cornish community. The catchy comedy begins when Doc Martin's abrasive personality doesn't exactly mesh with the pace of life in Cornwall.


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Former Gov. Ehrlich's column illustrates clearly what is wrong with today's GOP ("No, Mr. President, nobody else 'made that happen,'" July 23).
Mr. Ehrlich rightly acknowledges that "no person achieves success in a given field or endeavor without some help from the greater society." But then he promotes the old Horatio Alger myth, contradicting his earlier acknowledgment.
Ideology trumps facts. When the Theodore McKeldin and Mac Matthias Republicans return, I'll be glad to vote for them. Until then, this lifelong Republican will be voting for Democrats only.
F. Mark Walters


text:
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text:
Posted 7 years ago
(120 items)
Here is a Full Fare bus token & the original spring loaded holder. Looks like the holder will hold 5 to 10 tokens. Just press down & pull out a token, or to load more in. Only have one token. The holder says St. Louis Public Service Co. on the bottom. The holder is about 1" tall. Anybody know when bus's came in for transpirtation back in the day? Early 50's maybe? Hmmmmmm, maybe I can get a free ride to St. Louis!!! LoL..... I need a little info on this one!


text:
This Wired article about auto dealers getting in a huff about Tesla "education stores" brings up a long-simmering annoyance about the ridiculous protectionism afforded auto dealers.
As part of a family that is thinking about replacing an aging vehicle, I have recently experienced this craziness. Not open on Sundays? When do you expect families with small kids to shop? Only located in the hinterland? (Except notably Borton Volvo) Why can't you just bring a few cars in the city? Why do you need a ginormous lot?
As expensive as they are, a car purchase should be a full-on spa treatment in my opinion. I can do my "shopping" online, thank you, but I think a well-trained dealer should drive a car to my house or my work for a test drive. I think I should also be able to shop online and get the full, non-adjustable retail price, just like any other retail product. No destination charges or special offers at each dealer. How many jobs are we really protecting by keeping the current system the way it is? I might buy cars more often if the experience weren't so horrible. And, we certainly aren't doing ourselves any favors land use-wise by enabling these companies to locate in places where they can keep a whole year of inventory on-site.


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As i said in my double fuck thread, i am wanna get my hole tested to its limit and again, i get really horned by guys taking a huge dildo up their hole.
Especially seeing a progression through the size. Gradually pushing the hole further and further.
What are the biggest dildo's anyone has tried. Put pics in here of them and share!


text:
Search our database of handpicked sites
Looking for a great physics site? We've tracked down the very best and checked them for accuracy. Just fill out the fields below and we'll do the rest.
You searched for "internet history"
We found 16 results on physics.org and 186 results in our database of sites
(of which 182 are Websites, 4 are Videos, and 0 are Experiments)
Search results on physics.org
Top 4 Bonkers things about the universe
How does a fridge work?
Sci-Art: The final frontier
A brief history of space
Who is Stephen Hawking?
London Science Uncovered
How do mobile phones work?
Quantum criminals
Could your phone harm your health?
Cutting the cord - Wireless electricity
Is Time Travel Possible?
King conkers
Listening to stars twinkle
Who is... Neil Armstrong
All about... the International Space Station
Will an asteroid impact spell the end of humanity?
Explainer: the Internet of Things
A great explainer about the internet of things and the changes it could mean for us from the fridge order food once it's used up to you turning your heating on using your phone.
What is the internet of things?
An introduction to the internet of things, RFID technology and more.
Intel: The Journey Inside
These pages takes a fascinating look inside the world of computers and the internet. There is good use of colour and the site makes good use of flash to explain computers, microprocessors, the ...
NASA's History Office
The NASA History Program was first established in 1959 (a year after NASA itself was formed) and has continued to document and preserve the agency's remarkable history.
How Internet Cookies Work
A brief description of how Internet Cookies work and the internetprivacy issues they raise. An example of a cookie at work is also given. From HowStuffWorks.com.
How Internet Search Engines Work
A brief description of how Internet Search Engines work, including an insight of future searchers not yet developed. From HowStuffWorks.com.
How Web Servers and the Internet Work
A brief description of how Web Servers and the Internet work from HowStuffWorks.com.
Interactive timeline
Timeline covering the history of the pocket calculator and many other innovations from Texas Instrument's History of Innovation section.
'Gravity' and Reality: History's Worst Space Disasters
8 of the biggest mistake in space history so far.
Milestones in AT&T history
Milestones in the history of telecommunications, from the invention of the telephone to mobile phone networks.


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RelativeLayout, a Constraint-Based Layout Managerby James Elliott, coauthor of Java Swing, 2nd Edition
If you pick up the second edition of Java Swing (literally, you know, heft the sucker), you might find it hard to believe we left anything out. In fact, for this revision, we tried to cut back significantly on anything that bordered on esoterica, to leave more space for useful explanations and practical examples.
Even so, there was enough new material to cover that we couldn't fit in everything we wanted. This was especially true for topics peripheral to the main thrust of the book, no matter how interesting we found them. Our editor came up with a nice way out, of which this article is the first installment: we're publishing some of the self-contained supplementary examples as articles on ONJava.com.
Layout managers fall firmly into the periphery when talking about Swing. They're something you use all the time with Swing containers, but they predate Swing and you can use them just as well with an AWT application. Still, layout managers play such a fundamental role in arranging the pieces of your user interface that you need to develop a good understanding of at least a couple of them so that you can work effectively. And they hold the promise of enabling your application to look polished as it moves from platform to platform, gracefully adapting to new font metrics and component shapes.
Source Code
Download the source code for this article. This zip file contains the following:
Alas, the experience of most people is just the opposite. They
find the available layout managers either too simple-minded to achieve the results
they have in mind, or too confusing to really understand, so they try to find
example code that's "close," tinker with some parameters in a form
of voodoo, and pray that what finally seems to look OK on their system will
be good enough in the wild. (Yes, I know there are people who have long mastered
the Zen of
GridBagLayout and can refactor an interface sketch into
a minimal set of nested
BorderLayouts in the blink of an eye, but
the rest of us could still use a little help and some more alternatives.)
To that end, Marc Loy has written
an article about
SpringLayout, a new layout manager in the 1.4 SDK that will dovetail nicely with visual GUI design environments. This article presents my own layout manager, called
RelativeLayout is aimed squarely at mere mortals who are trying to translate their interface ideas into portable and resizable Java implementations. I put it together both so that I could use it myself, and to act as an example of how to write a complete layout manager.
You're free to use it in either capacity: download the compiled jar and read enough of the article to find out how to use
RelativeLayout in your own projects, or delve into the source code and see how it works and why.
Related Reading
Java Swing
Using RelativeLayout
The basic idea behind
RelativeLayout is to let you specify the
relationships between elements in your interface, and let the layout
manager sort out the details. To demonstrate how it works, let's put together
an "About Box" for an imaginary application. These things often start
as napkin sketches (or design documents from the creative department that might
as well be) with notes about how pieces of the interface relate to each other.
Something like this:
Figure 1. Typical UI sketch.
These sorts of relationships are exactly what
is designed to support. We'll look at two different ways of setting them up.
The first approach is to directly create and add the constraints through Java
code, as illustrated by Example1.java, which we'll examine first. If you want to see how it behaves before reading about how it works, download RelativeLayout.jar to the same directory, and compile and run the example as follows:
javac -classpath RelativeLayout.jar Example1.java
java -classpath RelativeLayout.jar:. Example1
Try resizing the window a couple of times to see how the constraints interact
with each other. Before delving into the source code of the example, it's worth
introducing the basic concepts underlying
Attributes and Constraints
RelativeLayout positions components using eight attribute
types that it can examine and manipulate. The figure below shows all
of the attributes as they apply to a large label. There are four attributes
that apply along the horizontal axis, and which are shown in green: Left, Horizontal Center, Right, and Width. The rest of the attributes, shown in blue, apply to the vertical axis: Top, Vertical Center, Bottom, and Height.
Figure 2. Attribute types.
When a component is laid out,
RelativeLayout establishes values
for all eight attributes using information about how you want things arranged.
The attributes are redundant -- of the four attributes that apply to a given axis,
if you know any two, you can calculate the other two. So when you're telling
RelativeLayout how to position a component, you need to assign
values to any two of the attributes on each axis. And since components
have built-in ideas about their own preferred widths and heights, you can get
away with supplying even less information.
To lay out a component with
you generally need to specify only one attribute for each axis, and leave the
width and height at their natural values. If you do specify width or
height, you still need to constrain one other attribute on that axis, or the
component will be under-constrained. If you try to specify more than
two components on the same axis, it will be over-constrained. Either
problem will cause layout to fail. This is a design choice; some layout managers
try to make their best guess about what to do in similar situations, but that
makes them harder to predict and understand.
So how do you pin down the attributes of a component, in order to lay it out?
Given the discussion above, it may not be too surprising that you add constraints
to the component. Each constraint applies to a single attribute of the component,
and determines its value. What makes the layout relative is that the
constraints themselves get their values from other components, or the container
in which layout is being performed. You'll most often use an
which lets you base one attribute on another. You tell it to start with the
value of any attribute of an "anchor" component, add an integer offset
(which may be zero), and assign the result to the attribute you want to constrain.
The constraints described in Figure 1 can be represented quite naturally this way. For example:
- The top attribute of "Version" is equal to the bottom attribute of "Application Name" plus 8.
- The horizontal center attribute of "Application Name" is equal to the horizontal center of the container.
- The scrolling text field's right attribute is equal to the right of "Release Date".
And so on. The process of setting up
RelativeLayout is simply
a matter of expressing these constraints in Java by creating objects that represent
them. You don't need to worry about the order in which you add constraints.
When it's time to actually perform the layout,
RelativeLayout will
analyze all of the constraints it's been given and make sure that there are enough
(but not too many), that they're consistent, and that there are no circular
dependencies. Let's examine the relevant code in the example program to make
this concrete.


text:
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text:
The BelkGives on the Go Mobile Mammography Center, a 39-foot-long, state-of-the-art screening center on wheels, will stop at the Belk store in Cape Coral on March 11 to offer free, convenient mammogram screenings.
The screenings will be offered from 9:30 a.m. 7 p.m. at the Belk Shops at Surfside, 2342 Surfside Blvd.
Women age 40 and over with no breast concerns, who have not had a mammogram in the last 12 months and have a primary care physician are eligible by calling 855-655-BMMC (2662) to schedule an appointment.
All screening exams are performed by Charlotte Radiology's licensed, female mammography-certified technologists. A board-certified radiologist, specialized in breast imaging will interpret the mammogram. Confidential results will be sent to the patient and her primary care physician.
Belk, the nation's largest privately operated department store, launched BelkGives on the Go Mobile Mammography in partnership with Charlotte Radiology.
This mobile mammography center will bring convenient, digital screening and awareness to all Belk markets with the journey beginning in 232 stores throughout Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland , North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia through January 2015.
Belk's $6 million investment in this program marks the retailer's commitment to women's health issues and breast cancer education and is the company's single largest charitable contribution to date.
For more information, call 855-655-BMMC (2662) or go to www.belk.com/pink.


text:
Disney's Contemporary Resort Photos and Pictures
Welcome to ContemporaryResort.net. We are fans of Disney's Contemporary Resort. This site has extensive photo galleries. They are areas that we have been able to see and record in pictures. At times, we have also added our opinion or written a review. You can use the menu bar above or the photo below to start your tour of The Contemporary Resort.
Bookmark ContemporaryResort.net!
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Discussion paper (CEBR) Titler
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Viser 14-33 af i alt 42Næste side
Hagen Jørgensen, Ole (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper shows how improved health conditions aect fertility decisions and economic growth. Survival rates for children and adults are incorporated into an overlapping generations model featuring endogenous fertility and altruism from workers towards their retired parents. The main nding is that a simultaneous increase in child and adult survival decreases fertility and increases savings and productivity growth. The analysis illustrates the key role of health in the demographic transition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7695
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-04.pdf (1.563Mb)
Er Danskere Specielle?Munch, Jakob Roland; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Schroll, Sanne; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Denne artikel belyser holdninger til immigration blandt borgere i Danmark og de øvrige EU-15 lande - herunder holdningerne til immigration, der følger af den seneste EU-udvidelse. Det analyseres, hvilke faktorer der ligger til frund for disse holdninger, samt i hvilken udstrækning danskere afviger fra EU-gennemsnittet. Den typiske dansker er lidt mere skeptisk overfor immigration end andre europæere. Danskerne afskiller sig desuden ved, at forholdsvis få forbinder øget immigration med negative konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet, men forholdsvis mange forbinder det med højere omkostninger for velfærdsstaten. Når der tages hensyn til opfattelserne af de økonomiske konsekvenser af immigration, kommer Danmark til at fremstå som et væsentligt mere immigrationsskeptisk land, end hvad der kommer til udtryk i de ukorrigerede holdninger. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7564
Filer i denne post: 1ap_2006-01_001.pdf (411.2Kb)
Do Police Reduce Group Violence?Priks, Mikael; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7703
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 06.pdf (157.1Kb)
Munch, Jakob Roland; Rose Skaksen, Jan; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We propose a complementary approach to analyze the impact of immigration on the wages of native workers. Using linked employer-employee data from Denmark for a relatively long time period (1993-2004), we study the consequences of an increased use of immigrants at the most disaggregate level – the workplace. We find that an increase in the share of workers from less developed countries at the workplace has a signifi cantly negative effect on the wages of natives – also when controlling for potential endogeneity using both fi xed effects and IV. The use of immigrants from more developed countries also appears to be correlated with wages. However, these correlations disappear when controlling for unobserved fi rm and worker characteristics and are thus likely to reflect selection rather than a causal effect of these immigrants. Finally, we find a positive impact on the wages of native workers from having Eastern European co-workers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7638
Filer i denne post: 1wp18-2007.pdf (697.2Kb)
Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper identifies several distortions which create barriers to entrepreneurship. First, in addition to the innate entry cost, there are entry costs caused by regulation. Second, union wage policies raise the opportunity cost of entrepreneurship. Third, inefficiencies in the transmission of tacit knowledge between generations of entrepreneurs can arise: with access to within-family ownership transfer, the outside market for entrepreneurship operates as a lemon's market. This problem becomes relevant when the economic life of a business idea exceeds the active life of an entrepreneur. barriers to entrepreneurship, tacit knowledge, occupational choice URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7711
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 18.pdf (210.7Kb)
Rosholm, Michael; Scheuer, Christian; Sørensen, Anders (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: This paper investigates the impact of globalization, in the sense of increasing international trade, on the demand for skills in Danish manufacturing companies. The study is based on a unique data set that enables us to develop rich measures of international outsourcing and import penetration. Moreover, the data also allows several strategies to strengthen the causal interpretation of our results. The main finding of the analysis is that it is of crucial importance to distinguish imports - both in the form of outsourcing and overall imports - by country-of-origin. We find that international trade with low-wage countries leads to skill-upgrading. This is especially pronounced for import penetration with a ceteris paribus contribution of around fifty percent to skill-upgrading. Moreover, we find that import penetration in goods originating from high-wage countries lead to skill-downgrading. This latter result suggests that Danish manufacturing has comparative advantage in skill intensive production when compared to low-wage countries, but in unskill-intensive production when compared to high-wage countries. Skill-upgrading, Low-wage country outsourcing, Low-wage country import penetration, Comparative advantage URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7709
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 20.pdf (389.3Kb)
Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee landlords. The redistributive tax on the rich may be higher or lower when the rich can migrate than when they cannot. A Rawlsian government in the absence of mobility will equalize after-tax incomes. Under mobility, Rawlsian governments cut their taxes if and only if the relative pre-tax income of the poor is sufficiently low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7689
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-05.pdf (163.9Kb)
Fehr, Hans; Habermann, Christian (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The present paper studies the growth and efficiency consequences of tax-favored individual retirement accounts in a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic lifespan and labor income uncertainty. We distinguish between economies with rational and with hyperbolic consumers and compare the consequences of mandatory and voluntary retirement plans with and without annuitized benefits. While a full taxation of capital income yields the highest efficiency gains in the rational consumer model, annuitization and hyperbolic discounting substantially improve the economic efficiency of IRAs. We also show that annuitization alters the intergenerational welfare consequences of the reform substantially, since it reduces accidental bequests. Finally, even if mandatory saving programs have a clear cost advantage, they are only recommendable if consumers are myopic. individual retirement accounts, annuities, stochastic general equilibrium, hyperbolic consumers URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7710
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 11.pdf (258.2Kb)
Kaiser, Ulrich; Kongsted, Hans Christian; Rønde, Thomas (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We measure the quantitative importance of labor mobility as a vehicle for the transmission of knowledge and skills across firms. For this purpose we create a unique data set that matches all applications of Danish firms at the European Patent Office to linked employer-employee register data for the years 1999-2002. The Danish workforce is split into "R&D workers", who hold a bachelor's or a master's degree in a technical field, and "non-R&D workers". We find that mobile R&D workers ("R&D joiners"') contribute more to patenting activity than immobile R&D workers. Furthermore, R&D workers who have previously been employed by a patenting firm ("patent exposed workers") have a larger effect on patenting activity than R&D workers without this experience. Patent exposed R&D joiners constitute the most productive group of workers: for firms that patented prior to 1999, one additional worker of this type relates to an increase in the number of patent applications of the new employer by 0.0646. This corresponds to a 14 percent increase in the mean number of yearly patent applications. We also find that mobility of R&D workers increases the joint patenting activity of the donor and recipient firms, confirming the importance of labor mobility for innovation in the economy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7704
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-16.pdf (363.9Kb)
Fosfuri, Andrea; Rønde, Thomas (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We study a situation in which an R&D department promotes the introduction of an innovation, which results in costly re-adjustments for production workers. In response, the production department tries to resist change by improving the existing technology. We show that firms balancing the strengths of the two departments perform better. This principle is employed to derive several implications concerning the hiring of talents, monetary incentives, and technology investment policies. As a negative effect, resistance to change might distort the R&D department's effort away from radical innovations. The firm can solve this problem by implementing the so-called "skunk works model" of innovation where the R&D department is isolated from the rest of the organization. Resistance to change, innovation, skunk works model, contest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7691
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 02.pdf (561.0Kb)
Keller, Katarina; Poutvaara, Panu; Wagener, Andres (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Economic theory predicts that military conscription is associated with static inefficiencies as well as with dynamic distortions of the accumulation of human and physical capital. Relative to an economy with an allvolunteer force, output levels and growth rates should be lower in countries that rely on a military draft to recruit their army personnel. For OECD countries, we show that military conscription indeed has a statistically significantly negative impact on economic performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7714
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-10.pdf (234.9Kb)
Koskela, Erkki; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We evaluate the effects of international outsourcing and labor taxation on wage formation and equilibrium unemployment in dual labor markets. Outsourcing promotes wage dispersion between the high-skilled and low-skilled workers. Higher domestic low-skilled wage tax, higher payroll tax and lower wage tax exemption increase optimal outsourcing. Outsourcing will reduce equilibrium unemployment of low-skilled workers both in the presence and absence of labor taxation. In the presence of outsourcing, wage tax, tax exemption and payroll tax have an ambiguous effect on equilibrium unemployment. Increasing the degree of tax progression decreases the wage rate and increases the demand of low-skilled workers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7697
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-09.pdf (203.0Kb)
Junge, Martin; Meisner Nielsen, Kasper; Torp Jespersen, Svend; Kragh Jacobsen, Jesper; Bennedsen, Morten (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Firms in the European countries today have the possibility of choosing from a range of control enhancing mechanisms giving the controlling owners an amount of influence which is disproportional to their share of cash flow. The list of control enhancing mechanisms includes dual class shares, pyramidal ownership structures and several others. The justification for these control enhancing mechanisms is currently the subject of much debate within the European Union. The opposing positions in the debate can be stated briefly as i) the control enhancing mechanisms are an impediment to takeovers and should therefore be removed to improve the market for corporate control. ii) Removing the control enhancing mechanisms reduces the contractual freedom to decide desirable ownership structures. This report investigates whether ownership structures affect firm performance. To do so this study provides a description of the current ownership structures in European countries and the economic outcomes for firms using different ownership structures. The results are presented in the tables below. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7491
Filer i denne post: 1rep03-2007.pdf (359.3Kb)
Harr, Thomas; Rønde, Thomas (København, 2006)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We study the optimal regulation of banking groups ("banks"), taking both minimum capital requirements and legal structure into account. A bank can set up either as one legal unit facing limited liability jointly (branch structure) or as a bank holding company with subsidiaries (subsidiary structure). Banks are exposed to risk from their unobservable asset choices and to exogenous risk from their environment. We show that banks with branches are more prudent in normal times than banks with subsidiaries, but are also less prudent when problems arise. A regulator that observes banks' exogenous risk should optimally determine both capital requirements and legal structure. If the exogenous risk is private information to banks, it can be optimal to screen banks according to risk by setting capital requirements appropriately, and letting banks choose their legal structure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7708
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 01.pdf (717.4Kb)
The Effect on Transitional GenerationsKoethenbuerger, Marko; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We show that taxation of rents may yield an intergenerational Pareto-improvement in a small open economy provided tax revenues are earmarked to reduce wage taxes. Previous literature has shown that rent taxation benefits current young and future generations, while we show that it also benefits the current old generation when the initially prevailing tax mix is sufficiently skewed towards wage taxation. Rent Taxes, Capitalization, Transitional Dynamics, Labor Supply, Asset Prices. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7685
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 08.pdf (154.1Kb)
Retirement Indexation in a Stochastic Model with Overlapping Generations and Endogenous Labour SupplyHagen Jørgensen, Ole (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: Using a stochastic overlapping generations model with endogenous labour supply, this paper studies the design and performance of a policy rule for the retirement age in response to fertility and mortality shocks. Two main results are derived: First, to oset a change in the labour force the retirement age should adjust more than proportionally to the fertility change and, second, to be socially desirable the retirement age should be indexed less than proportionally to changes in life expectancy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7688
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-03.pdf (361.1Kb)
Heterogeneity and Non-LinearitiesIversen, Jens; Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Sørensen, Anders (Frederiksberg, 2010)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: The returns to education in self-employment are addressed in four different specifications of the relationship between log income and years of schooling. The specifications range from a standard Mincer equation with a constant percentage increase in income to an additional year of schooling to the most flexible specification with dummy variables for the different number of years of schooling split into different types of education. Based on the more flexible specifications, important non-linearities and heterogeneity in the returns to education in self-employment are found. These results are robust across different estimation methods: OLS; Heckit correction models to handle sample selection; and IV to deal with the potential endogeneity of years of schooling. Moreover, the results are insensitive to the use of different sample years, different definitions of self-employment, and different income measures for the self-employed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8225
Filer i denne post: 1Sorensen_WP_2010.pdf (411.9Kb)
Keuschnigg, Christian; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In financing start-up firms, venture capitalists carefully select among alternative projects, design incentive compatible financial contracts and support portfolio companies with value enhancing managerial advice. This paper considers how venture capitalists can induce self-selection among entrepreneurial firms with different qualities by designing appropriate contracts and offering commercial support. We study the efficiency of the competitive market equilibrium with respect to the level and quality of entrepreneurship and the level of effort by entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. We also provide comparative statics results with respect to basic preference and technology parameters. Venture capital, entrepreneurship, self-selection, moral hazard. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7707
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 07.pdf (407.6Kb)
Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Rose Skaksen, Jan (København, 2008)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: In this paper, we show that the welfare implications of immigration which takes place in upturns, and may be partly reversed in downturns, are very different from the implications of immigration usually found in static models. Abstracting from any gains to capital owners and native workers due to complementarities, we find that (especially temporary) immigration may still benefit native workers in a European type of labour market where minimum wages may bind in downturns. However, in the presence of hiring costs, these effects may be reversed. Thus, promoting temporary immigration schemes may lead to adverse consequences if they also increase the costs of hiring foreign labour. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7700
Filer i denne post: 1dp 2008-12.pdf (351.9Kb)
Määttänen, Niku; Poutvaara, Panu (København, 2007)[Flere oplysninger][Færre oplysninger]
Resume: We study the welfare effects of earnings testing flat-rate old-age benefits in a quantitative overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic labor income risk. In our model economy, even a moderate earnings testing reduces individuals' expected lifetime utility, whenever other taxes are taken into account. Moreover, it also lowers the realized lifetime utilities of those at the bottom of the lifetime utility distribution. Social security; Retirement; Means-testing URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7705
Filer i denne post: 1artikel 09.pdf (315.4Kb)
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