text: Contact Us: We do run "Lean and Mean" -- and if we are in the office, we probably aren't doing our job. The best way to contact us is by e-mail or cell phone. YES, we still have an office number, but it is NOT monitored and is only checked twice a day for messages. We ENCOURAGE you to send an e-mail FIRST as we'll see that much sooner and can call you if whatever you need cannot be addressed via email.


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2.3 Unit/module provision and progression
Models for unit/module progression
Different institutions use a variety of different models for developing a programme in economics or an economics subject-related area. Some use level 2 to focus heavily on economic theory, providing students with a solid foundation in microeconomics, macroeconomics, quantitative economics and other units/modules that teach largely theoretical material. This is then followed by a diet of level 3 units/modules that focus mainly on the application of the theory learned at level 2. Thus units/modules such as trade policy, econometric analysis, European economic integration, etc. would be offered to students at level 3 when they are fully equipped to apply the economic theory to varied and complex subject-specific issues in the field of economics.
A second common model involves students taking some core economic theory at both levels 2 and 3 accompanied by a choice of options in each year. This element of choice then enables a student to select a series of subject-specific applied units/modules which gives them a chance to discover, over the course of a two-year period, which areas of economics most interest them.
These are just two fairly common models of course design and unit/module progression; while some institutions will adhere to these models very strictly, most will use a variation of one of these models in structuring their undergraduate degree programmes.
Other issues that need to be considered in relation to unit/module provision and progression include the number of core units to be incorporated, the number of options that you make available to students at each level, and the provision of electives (units/modules taken from other departments that are not directly related to the study of economics). Again, there is no 'right' model, just advantages and disadvantages to each, some of which are worth noting.
Degree of choice
Two of the most common structures for undergraduate course design are modularised programmes and linear programmes with a declining core as the student moves through each level of the course. Where a programme is modularised, the different modules tend to include a more varied mixture of students from different courses. This has inevitably resulted in module co-ordinators having to consider carefully the skills that are incorporated into each module and assessing what skills, knowledge and understanding are necessary for students who complete the module.
There is limited scope for incorporating increased choice if you are working within a linear programme framework. The process is certainly made easier at universities that adopt modular programmes, in which more choice is offered, particularly at levels 2 and 3. This enables students to construct their own pathways through units/modules offered by a range of disciplines. This approach is consistent with subject benchmarking and is popular with students who have participated in this type of programme.
However, the wider choice offered on the modularised programme also makes it more difficult to ensure that students attain key skills and a variety of teaching, learning and assessment patterns during their period of study. Programme design for a modularised course therefore needs to focus mainly on the core elements. Provision of the full range of key skills in the core modules will make the optional units less critical when trying to ensure that students achieve the required key skills throughout a given programme.
Alternatively, linear programmes with a declining core and a restricted set of options are easier to map in the sense that, as long as certain skills are incorporated into a specified number of units, the student will inevitably experience the different skills and learning patterns at some stage of the programme. If you choose to use a declining core format, it may be beneficial to offer a limited degree of option choice at level 1, slightly more at level 2 and extensive choice at level 3. This enables a student to achieve a strong grounding in economic principles at level 1 and effectively design their own degree through levels 2 and 3, whereby they are able to identify their particular area of interest and to tailor their degree to increase their prospects with future employers. This is similar to a modular system except that the degree of choice tends to be somewhat more restrictive.
Alternative degree programme design procedures do not deviate a great deal from those used for single or joint honours degree programmes. Mid-year intake degrees can be more complicated to deliver as there may need to be some duplication of unit/module provision and administration (unit/module-related boards, exam boards, etc.), and some additional work in the area of student support. The actual design process, though, varies little from that of a traditional degree programme. Departments that have limited prerequisites and that are modularised would provide a very similar experience to such students despite their entry date. Departments that have a linear programme structure with a declining core and restricted options are more likely to encounter difficulties. These structures also tend to have a greater number of prerequisites and tend to offer less duplication of units/modules, making it more difficult to build required units/modules into a structure that is comprehensive for the students on the programme. Again, this emphasises the fact that the greater the flexibility offered by the department at unit/module level, the easier they are going to find it to design courses that appeal to a wide range of students with differing requirements.
Designing direct entry degrees is also very similar to the design process for a standard undergraduate programme. The principal exception is the learning outcomes of the course, which may need to be broader to accommodate the accredited prior learning offered to the prospective student. Thus it may be unrealistic to expect a student to have achieved certain learning outcomes if these are only offered at level 1. This is an additional argument for ensuring that the skills that are taught, learned, integrated, practised, reflected upon, assessed, documented and/or developed in the programme are touched upon at all three stages rather than restricted to just one level, which may prove exclusive to those students joining the course directly at levels 2 or 3.
Structure – cores versus options
A programme with a majority of core units/modules at each level serves to guide a student through a programme in a very structured manner. Complementing this with the provision of a few options each year gives students the opportunity to take units/modules (generally subject-specific applied economics units/modules) that they find most interesting and which are, in many cases, related to the field of employment that the student wishes to pursue following graduation. Although very common in the past, this model is becoming somewhat dated with the move by many institutions to create undergraduate programmes that promote choice and student interest. Also, with institutions embracing the ethos of the widening participation agenda, departments are trying to create programmes that can also enable students to 'dip in and out' when it suits. This flexibility is difficult to offer when structures are rigid and the programme core heavily dictates the progression of a student from one level to the next. It is made a little easier if core units/modules are taught more than once throughout a year – that is, during both semesters or in two different terms – although this is unusual. Where there is quite a rigid core structure, these core units/modules tend to be stretched over both semesters/more than one term or offered only once during the academic year.
Alternatively, a programme with a small selection of core units/modules at each level provides students with optimal choice and the ability to tailor their degree course to their future career goals. This type of structure is also more inclusive, as it enables students with other commitments and needs to accumulate units/modules over a period of time that suits them. There is no doubt that the fewer prerequisites there are, the greater degree of choice that is offered to students. Reworking new and existing units/modules so that they can be taught as stand-alone units/modules will aid in the design of mid-year programmes and will give students on all programmes the opportunity to select a more varied diet of units/modules that will help to maximise their potential employability.
With only one or two core units/modules at each level, a student who is taking a limited number of units/modules each year can focus on the core units/modules in one study period and then select options that interest them as and when these units/modules are taught. This is certainly a model that students are increasingly seeking when planning their university career. One disadvantage of this model relates to difficulties with timetabling, which become worse when available options are increased. Secondly, this model increases the need for stand-alone units/modules or units/modules where the only co-requisites or prerequisites are the one or two common economics cores that are offered at each level. If this is the case, it might be argued that the students lose the depth of learning, understanding and application that comes from taking a suite of related units/modules that build on each other.
Electives are generally considered to be those units/modules that students can select that are unrelated to their programme of study. While this is worth mentioning in any discussion on unit/module provision and course structure, it is not an issue to dwell on here as decisions related to the inclusion of electives are generally made across institutions rather than on a departmental basis. Where electives are available to students, it is always on a limited basis – that is, one per year, one per semester, three over the course of the full degree programme (thereby allowing students to take all permitted electives in one year), etc.
Again there are two common models (apart from those that do not have any provision for electives built into their programmes): a restricted elective model and an unrestricted elective model. Where students have an unrestricted list of electives, they can incorporate any units/modules that they choose up to the maximum limit agreed by the university. The main benefit associated with this model is that students are given a very high degree of choice, which, some believe, provides a more rounded education for the students on the programme. Alternatively, the provision of restricted electives is one favoured by a number of institutions, in part due to timetable constraints, and in part due to the preference for students to study units/modules that are in some way related to the field of economics. One exception to this rule tends to be in the area of languages, where students might be given the opportunity to fill an option space each semester/term/year with a language of their choice. There is no doubt that the ability to incorporate a language into an undergraduate degree course is an attractive proposition for many undergraduate students and a choice that can easily influence a student who is selecting an institution for their undergraduate studies.
Specialist versus non-specialist units/modules
The provision of specialist units/modules for different subject areas used to be quite common (economics for geography, economics for business, etc.). However, pressures on staff time and budgets has forced departments to move away from this model and to create more generic units/modules that are appropriate to a wide range of subject areas. This has resulted in a loss of flavour in the economics units/modules, with examples and readings having to incorporate different subject areas rather than focusing specifically on one area of study.
The only real exception to this is in cases where there is a considerable divide in student knowledge and capability. For instance, a unit/module in econometrics might be a useful tool for students on a variety of non-economics degrees. However, their theoretical background in economics is likely to be significantly less than that of students specialising in economics. Thus mixing the students in one unit/module would disadvantage both groups – non-specialist students would be expected to participate in a unit/module without the necessary skills and knowledge and/or the specialist students would have to take a unit/module that was not drawing fully on their depth of knowledge and understanding of economics. In such cases, there is a strong argument for departments offering two units/modules to accommodate the different needs and abilities of participating students.
These issues also arise within a suite of undergraduate economics degrees. Students studying for an economics degree or a business economics degree might be well suited to a unit/module in applied econometrics, having studied intermediate and/or advanced microeconomics and macroeconomics at level 2. A student on a joint degree in economics and languages that incorporates slightly less rigorous economics units/modules at level 2 (perhaps units/modules in applied economics and business economics rather than advanced microeconomics and/or macroeconomics) would be better suited to an econometrics unit/module that is slightly less demanding.
Thus the decision that needs to be made when designing an undergraduate degree course is which units/modules can be shared across specialist and non-specialist degrees and which courses require specialist units/modules to ensure that the students involved are provided with a continually challenging selection of units/modules. Note too that these decisions apply equally to joint degrees, mid-year-intake degrees and direct entry degrees. In each case it is essential to consider the mix of units/modules in the degree and the level of theoretical material that is suitable for a student studying in combined subject areas or who is being admitted to a course with accredited prior learning. Then it is necessary to select the sequence and level of units/modules that is most appropriate to the given group of students.
Career, research and study skills units/modules
Many institutions now require that departments incorporate general units/modules into the undergraduate degree programme that are not directly related to the study of economics, but which no doubt enhance a student's employment potential upon graduation.
Several institutions offer foundation studies/study skills (generally at level 1), which teaches students basic skills related to studying, essay writing, referencing, communication and presentations. Departments that have incorporated such a unit have generally found there to be a considerable return in terms of students' abilities in key skill development and the quality of work that is submitted during the subsequent two years of the degree programme. There are a number of forms of assessment that can be used for such units/modules and you need to select the assessment that best suits the demands and expectations of your particular programme. Some institutions have found that assessing the foundation studies/study skills unit as pass/fail is enough to keep students motivated and can help to cut down on the workload involved in delivery and assessment.
Careers units/modules are also commonly incorporated into the design of undergraduate degree courses. These generally take the form of advising students on how to complete applications, how to produce an impressive curriculum vitae, how to present themselves favourably at interview and how to find the types of job that they are most interested in. Again there are many models for careers units/modules (usually offered at level 2 so that students can use the skills learned when applying for jobs during their final year of study) and the format will vary depending on the demands and needs of the students. As in the case of the study skills unit, using a pass/fail system seems to motivate students to attend and complete the work required, cuts down on the workload of lecturers involved and means that the unit will not then count towards the classification of the student's degree.
Historically, dissertations have been a core element of an undergraduate degree in economics. More recently, however, many institutions have made the dissertation unit/module optional or reduced the weighting of the dissertation in the programme. Moving to an optional or reduced weight dissertation can have its advantages: students who do not perform well in essay/research-based units/modules can focus more heavily on subjects that reflect their known strengths, and students who have yet to decide what areas of economics most interest them can use the additional options to explore different areas. Alternatively, students who have very specific career goals that do not require them to complete a dissertation can focus their time and attention on units/modules that are likely to help them gain employment in the field of their choice.
Where the dissertation is a core element in the undergraduate programme, many institutions incorporate a research methods unit/module (most often at level 2) in order to prepare students for the research and writing of a final-year dissertation. These units generally incorporate exercises in effective ways of structuring and presenting research-based work, sourcing, finding key reference material, etc. There is no doubt that units/modules of this nature encourage students to improve their research skills and lead, in most cases, to an improvement in the quality of the dissertation submitted. Thus where a dissertation is an integral part of the undergraduate programme, it is probably a good idea to include a unit that will help them to strengthen their research skills.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Take on the role of an operative in the Hex Gen network, a decentralized movement of hacktivists resisting the economic pillaging conducted by the unholy alliances of Big Tech, Big Military, and Big Finance. Think "The Windup Girl" meets "Neuromancer". Features: -Facial, vocal biometric capture devices -"Nohface" electronic face projector for thwarting surveillance/drones which cover almost every inch of city -Wireless internet -Darknets - all web activity is fully surveilled, you need stealth not only in meatspace but in cyberspace -More types of hacking - cryptography, DDoS, spoofing -Hunger: experience real economic destitution as you slowly die of starvation and are forced to beg, steal, or even kill for a piece of bread. -DIY: Upgrade your hemp trenchcoat with solar trim, syphon electricity from the private power grid, take apart old phones and radios to hack together an EMP gun, set up a hydroponic garden in your squatted flat so you don't have to kill for every meal.
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A Lake Havasu City man has been convicted of killing estranged wife in 2010.
Jurors have also recommended a life prison term for 39-year-old Jeffrey Cravets.
He's scheduled to be sentenced March 8 in Mohave County Superior Court in Kingman.
Today's News-Herald reports that a judge will determine whether Cravets will serve a natural-life prison term or if he'll be eligible for parole after 25 years.
Cravets was retried in the case following an eight-day trial that resulted in a hung jury.
He was arrested in August 2010 and charged with first-degree murder and aggravated domestic violence.
Lake Havasu City police say 45-year-old Judy Cravets was shot multiple times in her home in late June 2010.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved.
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A big hello to all of our members; please enjoy the new website and request your member's password to be able to login to use all of the facilities, including posting your own blogs, queries, information and photos.Brian Clarke, Chairman
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Frank Thrower DVD


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WMR, this snippet below is the kid who was offered the grey shirt at LSU.
the 2013 former LSU commit Tevin Lawson has decided not to visit UK this weekend.He told a Louisiana newspaper that he would be visiting Louisiana Tech instead.
Looks like now, he wants to stay closer to home.


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Vancouver Island Accommdations. Best Bed and Breakfast in Nanaimo, suites over look the water, Family b and b Accommodations Pet Friendly private
We wish you a very and please visit us again!!! Thanks.
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Please feel free to comment or ask any question regarding Website Value Calculator (Website Worth) or SEO Tips


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lindyFrame is a desktop application framework which eliminates the development time needed to create software tools. The framework provides the ability to create applications which support several languages and loading resources from network sources. The core aspect of the tool is a plugin architecture which the developer uses to build the desired functionality in the desktop application. Multiple plugins can be created and loaded which will operate in their own individual threaded environments.
PeerProject is a versatile peer-to-peer filesharing client and file manager. It's intuitive and aesthetic while supporting many networks and features, including BitTorrent, G2, Gnutella, eDonkey, DC++, IRC, HTTP/FTP, and more. It's a mainstream fork of Shareaza p2p, for Windows and WINE.
eSpeak for Android is a port of the eSpeak Text-to-Speech synthesiser to Android, supporting 75 languages and accents. It is based on the eyes-free version, but with improved language selection and language name display, support for accents and special characters, improved handling of speech rate and pitch, support for MIPS-based devices, and improved support for SSML.
The shock bundle is an extensive Web design bundle that offers 100 WordPress themes and templates, Web element sets, characters sets, 500 logo templates, and up to 20000 icons. The templates offer multiple color schemes and are fully customizable. All themes and graphics sets include layered sources.
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that is completely decentralized, without the need for a central server or trusted parties. Users hold the crypto keys to their own money and transact directly with each other, with the help of a P2P network to check for double-spending.
Contao is a content management system (CMS) for people who want a professional Internet presence that is easy to maintain. The state-of-the-art structure of the system offers a high security standard and allows you to develop search engine friendly Websites that are also accessible for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the system can be expanded flexibly and inexpensively. It features easy management of user rights, a Live Update Service, a modern CSS framework, and many integrated modules (news, calendar, forms, etc.).
A lightweight caching Web proxy.
A C library providing HTTP server functionality.


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LAKE PLACID - Are you hungry?
If you aren't now, you will be as soon as you approach the Olympic Speedskating Oval. The annual I Love BBQ and Music Festival is set to begin Thursday and run through Saturday, so the sweet and savory scents of smoking meats will be sending citizens within smelling distance into a salivating frenzy all weekend.
People from near and far will come to town and try out their best sauce recipes on pulled pork, ribs, beef brisket, chicken and even pizza, and plenty of BBQ will be for sale to hungry festival-goers as they check out the many local bands and BMX bike stunt riders.
Article Photos
The BMX riders will perform daily at the I Love BBQ and Music Festival.
Photos/Richard Rosentreter/Lake Placid News
"It will be a lot of fun," said head organizer Dmitry Feld.
The event is sanctioned by the Kansas City Barbecue Society, which will offer $8,500 in prize money, the most in the history of this event. The winner of the I Love BBQ Junior World Championships will take home $4,000 from the organizing committee.
The Lake Placid festival started about nine years ago, and Feld estimates it has grown by about 10 percent every year since then. The KCBS has ranked it in its top 20 nationwide, which means the Great American BBQ Tour will visit this year. The tour's Mike and Christine Peters will showcase their culinary talent, offer tastings to the public and teach the public barbecue and outdoor cooking techniques.
"You earn this through the years," Feld said. "Lake Placid has the charm."
The Peters are taking their tour mostly through the south and west, and they are looking forward to heading north.
"We are excited to spend the Fourth of July in Lake Placid, N.Y.," they wrote on their blog in an overview of this year's tour.
About 15 barbecue teams had registered for the competition in June, and about 70 percent of them were new participants in the Lake Placid event.
In addition to tons of delicious food, Jagger Co. will also return with its BMX bicycle stunt riders. The riders will perform three shows, one each day, which start with technical maneuvers on the ground and work their way up to crowd-wowing stunts, such as 360-degree turns, tailwhips, barspins and back flips.
Feld is also planning a number of kid-friendy activities, like inflatable bounce houses, a mechanical bull, games and face painting.
The event will also feature local bands, kicking off at noon Thursday with popular jam band Lucid. Other popular acts will play hour-long sets throughout each day, including Lost Dog, Stone Revival Band, Stoneground Express, Sven Curth, Big Slyde and Split Rock.
The event kicks off at noon Thursday and closes out the weekend at 6 p.m. Saturday on the Olympic Oval on Main Street. Daily admission is $6 for adults, while children under 10 get in free.
The money raised through the event goes to benefit the Shipman Youth Center.
For more information, go to www.ilbbqf.com.


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DIXON (WIFR) -- Former Dixon comptroller Rita Crundwell is appealing the length of her nearly 20-year prison sentence. The case will go through appeals court in Chicago. Crundwell was sentenced a week and a half ago for stealing more than $53 million dollars over two decades.
Meanwhile, the U.S. Marshals aren't having any luck trying to sell one of Rita Crundwell's homes.
Instead, they're looking for a realtor to take it over. Only four bids have been placed on the Englewood, Florida Home. It's the one with an elevator, worth $267,000, although the feds rejected those offers and now, they'll be interviewing real estate agents this week.
Also this week, Crundwell's remaining two properties, the one on Dutch Road and U.S. 52 are expected to close. Crundwell is currently being held in the Boone County jail, waiting to be sent to prison, where she'll serve nearly 20 years. She was convicted of stealing more than $53 million dollars from the City of Dixon.


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What I want to know is, where is
He was all over the original story of the arrest, stating that Sonne must have done something wrong, because the police don't arrest people for no reason.
Choice quotes include:
Think of the black eye to Canada (and especially their law enforcement), if this were shown to be trumped up charges over a guy with a cell phone, a can of gas in his garage, and a couple walkie talkies? They'd be laughed at as a bunch of Keystone Kops for years over this.
Your scenario, where it's just a bunch of crooked cops looking to railroad some guy for a crime he didn't commit, while no doubt appealing to the "IANAL, but I play one on Slashdot!" crowd, simply doesn't pass the test of logic. It would require dozens, perhaps hundreds, of law enforcement and judiciary personnel to be corrupt to the point of downright evil in order for that to happen. Is it *possible*? Sure, just about anything is. But it's not *likely* that that many people would wake up and, in the midst of Canada being in an international press spotlight, decide to ruin someone's life just for the fun of it.
I guess he's not here, because he doesn't want to be laughed at like a bunch of Keystone Kops......
It would require dozens, perhaps hundreds, of law enforcement and judiciary personnel to be corrupt to the point of downright evil in order for that to happen.
Never ascribe to malice that which can be adequately explained by incompetence.
Awww, apparently I hurt somebody's feelings! I'd apologize, but then, I'm not sorry. I stand by my original statements: the police didn't arrest him for no reason, these were NOT trumped up charges, this man was NOT railroaded into jail because police wanted an arrest. This was a case of a man deliberately setting out to probe the efficacy of security for the G-20 summit by purchasing chemicals used in bomb making, again - *in an attempt to prove that the security for the G-20 summit was ineffective.* In essence, he was betting that security wouldn't take notice of his activities... and he lost his bet.
Mr. Sonne went out of his way to purchase specific chemicals that are integral components in bomb-making. He went out of his way to express his intentions to "test security" at the G-20 summit. Security took notice of those activities (which he apparently assumed they wouldn't), and they responded as if he posed a threat to bomb the G-20 summit (which was exactly what he tried to make it look like he was thinking of doing). Those chemicals were purchased in sufficient quantities that, if combined, could have created several kilos worth of explosive material (as testified by an explosives expert during the case [torontosun.com]).
And technically, I'm just one person - I wouldn't be laughed at "like a bunch of Keystone Kops" - I'd be laughed at "like a Keystone Kop." But I'm glad something I wrote here was memorable enough that you're this incensed about it 2 years later. You stay beautiful, and let's do this again in 2014, okay?
Mr. Sonne went out of his way to purchase specific chemicals that are integral components in bomb-making.
So what? Not illegal to purchase those components if you aren't making a bomb. In fact, it isn't even illegal to buy those things even if you're "thinking about" making a bomb. Possessing these things isn't a crime unless he actually builds a bomb. He didn't build a bomb, never had any intention of building a bomb, and the cops KNEW full-well he had no intention of building a bomb.
So why the charges, if not to silence a critic?
He went out of his way to express his intentions to "test security" at the G-20 summit.
Not illegal. Ever heard of "Freedom of Speech?"
Security took notice of those activities (which he apparently assumed they wouldn't), and they responded as if he posed a threat to bomb the G-20 summit (which was exactly what he tried to make it look like he was thinking of doing).
More like they saw that a guy who'd been criticizing them publicly for ineffective security regimens and saw an opportunity to tarnish his reputation and chill his speech in the future by branding him a terrrorist. Even though he's been acquitted, the damage is done: In the narrow-minds of many this man is now a "terrorist" and damaged goods as a security analyst.
And really, how anybody can claim it is anything else than that is beyond me: Almost every advanced nation factors a defendants INTENT to commit a crime into the equation of whether they're guilty or not. In no scenario can anybody claim this guy had intent to blow anything up: He's said he never intended to, and no investigator when pressed has EVER presented evidence he intended to build a bomb. This is a "wink-and-nod" between the cops involved to strike-back at somebody who is critical of their security-theater gravy-train--nothing more.
So what? Not illegal to purchase those components if you aren't making a bomb. In fact, it isn't even illegal to buy those things even if you're "thinking about" making a bomb. Possessing these things isn't a crime unless he actually builds a bomb. He didn't build a bomb, never had any intention of building a bomb, and the cops KNEW full-well he had no intention of building a bomb.
This is a slightly weaker version of the amusing libertarian argument often seen on slashdot about assassinating the President (or whovever). It's not illegal to own a gun, it's not illegal to make threats against someone, it's not illegal to transport your weapon to somewhere near where the President will be, it's not illegal to set up your weapon with the sights zeroed in on the balcony where he will be appearing...and so on.
The conclusion is that nothing is illegal except actually shooting the President, and therefore no on ecan do anything to stop it. Even if the Secret Service saw the weapon in place, they would be acting illegally and infringing on his rights to free speech, and to bear arms, if they prevented him from doing anything.
Meanwhile, in the real world, if you make comments about bombs, and buy bomb making materials, you're lucky not to end up in jail for twenty years charged with conspiracy to commit terrorist acts.
Although, again for the libertarians, there's no such crime as conspiracy anyway, as it's all just free speech until someone is actually killed.
"Awww, apparently I hurt somebody's feelings! I'd apologize, but then, I'm a trolling jerk"
- There, fixed it for ya.
Two things spring to mind.
1) 2 years later, and you're still trolling the same topic.. how sad is that?
2) You wrote the GP post anyway.. your postings from 2 years ago are, lets face it, not memorable to anyone but yourself.
I personally know someone who was involved in this case, and even the judge realized the crown was stretching a lot of information. The crown refused to give on even the most trivial matters. You can find more information here: http://freebyron.org [freebyron.org] and all the notes on the trial here: https://github.com/colah/ByronTrialNotes/blob/master/days.md [github.com]
A lot of things in your house are "bomb making materials." Just because his hobby dealt with (perfectly legal) rockets, doesn't mean he did anything wrong. Do you
At least he got a trial.
At least he got a trial.
Yeah. In Canada. Meanwhile, next door [theatlantic.com]...
Oh, don't worry - even the guys in Gitmo get trials. If they're found guilty, they're either executed or locked up forever. If they're found not guilty, they go back into prison until the prosecution finds something else to charge them with. It's completely fair!
An update to the story:
Sonne has already announced plans to sue the Crown and Toronto Police [macleans.ca]
Good luck to him -- even if he waits longer to get a jury trial, the judge will still set damages and cannot assess anything resembling punative damages under Canadian law. At most he will get actual, proveable damages, two years salary (should try for overtime:). And might actually get costs awarded against him if he rejects a higher "paid-into-court" settlement offer.
If someone keeps you working for them 24/7 for two years, that should be one hell of an overtime bonus.
I figured Canadians would have inherited a British sensibility for paying people who were unfairly imprisoned without fighting it. Of course, the news stories I've read like that from England may have given me an overly sunny impression of their approach. It just always made sense to me that if the government should fuck up your life for any significant period of time, that they compensate you for
I'm afraid you do have an overly sunny impression of our approach here in England.
I was a witness in court a while back. It was a simple trial related to a motoring accident, which would take only a few hours. It had been aborted on one occasion a few months after the event in question, reasonably enough IMHO because there wasn't enough time left at the end of the day to be sure of hearing the case fully in one session. It was then tried on a different day, several months later still.
The defendant was found not guilty. In their summing up, the magistrates criticised the police report that was given as evidence, and noted that evidence by one of the prosecution's own witnesses was a major factor in the not guilty decision. In short, the magistrates did not seem to have a very high opinion at all of the case that had been made by the prosecution.
As a witness, I was entitled to some basic cost-of-living expenses for my trouble, and in practice my employer had paid me my normal wage despite missing the two days of work. However, I discovered later that the defendant (who, remember, was found not guilty, and had presumably already had about a year of stress since the accident with the case hanging over them) was entitled to nothing by way of compensation for either the lost time or the reduced quality of life.
It turns out that in England, you can have your day in court -- in fact, you might not get much choice about it, and it might be more than a day -- but only at your own expense. It's no wonder that so many people pay up the fixed penalty fines for traffic offences they cannot possibly have committed, if it would cost them more than the fine to take time off and travel to a faraway court near where the alleged incident took place in order to defend themselves.
It's a shame. I think rules that mean you can lose out even if you have done nothing wrong bring the entire justice system into disrepute. It's not as obvious as a couple of recent high profile cases when someone died after the police made a mistake, but in a way this sort of widespread, low-level abuse is just as insidious, and the kind of middle ground that we're talking about in TFA is the next logical step.
I think rules that mean you can lose out even if you have done nothing wrong bring the entire justice system into disrepute.
Or as we say over here in the colonies, "You can beat the rap, but you can't beat the ride."
apparently while there's no law that would force unjust imprisonment to have a compensation by default in canada, the courts can find it appropriate and do it anyways.
story at http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2011/04/14/17995011.html [canoe.ca] has a list of some large compensations.
Nice, but these are only ~0.4 M$/y which looks like 2x overtime even while sleeping, totalling 10x salary.
Canada/UK/oz/... rely _very_ heavily on the Crown (civil servants) and even company officers in general doing the "Right Thing", and being very embarrassed otherwise. Unfortunately, this has been eroded by US movies/TV.
US/state/corp officials derive their power from election, and are otherwise devoid of civic duty. So they need hard slaps from courts.
Good, he needs to sue them for BILLIONS and give them reason to never repeat this mistake again.
Good, he needs to sue them for BILLIONS and give them reason to never repeat this mistake again.
We need something more creative for the malfeasance of public servants because any monetary awards will just nickle-and-dime the taxpayer who won't notice it and won't have the influence to fix the problems anyway.
I propose indentured servitude. Anyone with significant involvement in pursuing this ridiculous case owes Sonne just as many hours of unpaid labor as they forced him to waste defending himself. Lets see that vindictive prosecutor made to personally mow Sonne's lawn every week for the next decade.
Sonne doesn't have a lawn. He lost his house.
I'm thinking "organs." All the vindictive screwups responsible for this abortion of justice have to give up one transplantable organ, liquidated on the open market, and the money goes to Sonne. Or the organ, if he needs it and is biocompatible. Or just wants to display it in formaldehyde on a shelf in his apartment.
As a taxpayer who would eventually be footing the bill, I don't see how billions would be of any help.
He is definitely deserving of compensation, of course, but what I would much rather see is that asshat Bill Blair and all the other management toadies dangling from a tree by their gonads.
How could someone with a decades long policing career NOT have known that kettling a crowd of innocent people for hours in the middle of a downpour was a bad idea?
Or stuffing a makeshift 'jail' ridiculously beyond capacity
Set up a donations. I'm more the willing to for over money to see the Canadian gov in a whole lot of hurt.
I read this as "D20 Geek" - looks like he rolled his saving throw!
>> 'G20 Geek' Byron Sonne Cleared of Explosives Charges
He's a warning to others of what they will do to you if you leave them in power.
Exactly. If the state can't prove its case, it should be forced to make the victim whole again. That, and the thugs who put him in jail on false charges should be imprisoned themselves.
I'd give victims of justice a credit. Imprisoned for 2 years? you get 2 years of credit, to commit any crime which has the median jail time of 2 or less years. Only limitation, the victims of such automatically condoned crime must be chosen among those who are directly involved with the trial. 2 years means you can beat em up, take their car to the manufacturer and see if it withstands a crash test, hijack their dog, stuff like this.
That should make people in charge more responsible.
Of course it will never
And here's the unpopular-on-Slashdot, but common-everywhere-else view: Yes, he lost all that, but he provides us all an excellent object lesson in how not to be a stupid douchebag.
When you are not a security contractor with an official relationship to the people organizing and/or securing the G-20 summit, don't fucking go on the internet talking about how you're going to 'test the security' of the G-20 summit.
If they want your help, they'll ask for it. If you offer your help, and they refuse to accept it, then by all means, write to a politician to express your views. Write to the newspapers to talk about how the security of the summit is flawed, and needs to be tested in different ways than are being planned (a legitimate *journalist* would be interested in this sort of a story - find one). Even express your views that the government is using ineffective security precautions that amount to no more than theater, and explain why online, on a blog, etc. But do not - I repeat, do not - continue making plans to "test" the security and talk about your plans to "test" the security.
If they've refused your offer of assistance to "test security," and you go ahead and publicly continue to make plans to "test security," don't be surprised when they show up, kick in your door, and fucking cart you off because you're behaving like a threat.
He did nothing illegal. If being a douchebag landed you in jail all the police would have to do would be stake out half the stores in the local mall and wait for a popped collar to walk by.
It isn't over, he will sue for wrongful prosecution. He may even win, but even if he doesn't he did what he set out to do: draw lots of attention to the shoddy, expensive, ineffectual security practices in use. Oh, and also drew attention to the government's apparent imprisonment of innocent people for political reasons. I don't know if it was worth it to him or not, but he gets a nod and a thank you from people like me for what he's accomplished just in avoiding a conviction.
Oh, and also drew attention to the government's apparent imprisonment of innocent people for political reasons.
Then he's doing the government's work for them. They wanted to make an example of him, and by drawing attention to his case, he's helping them to succeed.
setting aside the meat of the story for a moment..
his girlfriend left him (she got arrested too)
Perhaps he left the seat up. Perhaps he failed to inform her that he was purposefully taunting the authorities. She may have had crappy or good reasons to leave him for things he did or failed to do.
Or perhaps she just got tired of him being in jail, and found it too difficult to remain 'at his side'. In which case perhaps tha
so wouldn't he be better off without her anyway?
Have you ever lost someone that you loved? It all depends on whether he actually loved her or not. If he did love her I don't think that realization will make him feel any better about it. Her actions have made it clear that she did not love him, but that doesn't mean that he did not love her. For his sake I at least hope she was ugly.
obviously she wanted out and probably thought he was guilty and this was a good excuse. Way to support your significant other/spouse.
The Crown alleged he had all the necessary ingredients to build a homemade bomb
I don't know anyone that DOESN'T.
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/05/04/exploding-hydrogen-balloons-at-armenian-political-rally-injure-many/ [rawstory.com]
you don't need even that. electricity, water, balloons and a balloon pump. or lighter propane and balloons. with a bit of macgyver anyone is a potential terrorist.
There was a guy around here who they tried to charge with bomb-making. As a prank he had put vinegar and baking soda in a 2-liter jug and blew it up in front of someone's house. Now, tell me again, is the original poster being hyperbolic? Or is "the crown"?
Do you have trash bags and natural gas service at your house?
Got any ammonia and bleach (chemical warfare!)
Bug spray?
Gas can for the lawn mower?
A can of WD40 and a lighter?
Congrats! Though some of them would be fairly wimpy, all could be made into a 'bomb' sufficient to warrent arrest if you set them off in a public place.
Of more to the point, all could be deliberately misconstrued to manufacture reasonable suspicion.
The Crown alleged he had all the necessary ingredients to build a homemade bomb
I don't know anyone that DOESN'T.
This, a million times over; there isn't a homeowner in North America who doesn't possess materials capable of being combined for explosive effect, most of which reside under our kitchen sinks (or wherever you stash your cleaning supplies).
Claiming this as a valid rationale for prosecution is like claiming that owning bullets is intent to commit murder. It's not valid, it's just fucking stupid.
I do, but given that she's only a very bright 3-year-old I'm not considering her a big risk for making a bomb anyways.
"You're engaging in hindsight, which of course is 20-20," said police spokesman Mark Pugash. "... There was sufficient evidence to arrest, there was sufficient evidence to charge," he added.
Pugash said it was a "dangerous assumption" to think that because a case was acquitted it should not have made it to court.
"We investigated, we arrested, we charged
... the Crown took the case forward."
The mere fact of innocence doesn't reduce the civic lesson value of this entire episode: You can be imprisoned for nearly a year, held almost incommunicado, and lose your most important personal relationships, simply because you're loudly opposed to the mechanisms of state security. Your "acquittal" does nothing to ameliorate that. Even if you win, you will still have lost, and nothing will change.
Well, we can hope the police spokeman was wrong about the last part.
Sonne, the judge said, felt "very strongly" about his wife.
"I do not believe he would have done anything to risk injury to her or worse," Ms. Spies said.
The couple has since split up, something Mr. Sonne noted poignantly after the verdict.
"It would be nice to walk out of the courthouse into her arms, but that's just not going to happen."
Consider that they've already done enough destruction to the person's family - the law enforcement have done enough to not need to go for the coup de grace and "convict" him.
That's why the 11 months, that's why the easily refuted charges, the pointless lying by the security forces. They aren't punishing him as much as they are demonstrating what they can do to YOU or YOU or YOU, if you get lippy.
It's working. People are shutting up. You can't meter what ain't there, but public disagreement with the established police state is muted by these endless arrests. People don't want to go into debt for the rest of their lives, lose their jobs and their families, just to say "I disagree."
Stay tuned for Rahm Emmanuel's series of lessons in Chicago later this week. It's Tuesday, and already the security forces are running helicopters overhead. We have LDAPs! Let the schoolin' begin.
Thufir's a Harkonnen now.


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CHAPEL HILL- Would a big box store be a boost to the tax base or a drain on the local economy? In Chapel Hill and Carrboro the debate has flourished for years.
Now Tom Jensen, director of Public Policy Polling, says Chapel Hill may be ready to embrace at least one new name-brand store, and he's got the numbers to prove it.
"There's always been a lot of controversy over whether Chapel Hill would be open to a big box store, and what we found in this poll is that 56 percent of voters in town would like to have a Target in Southern Orange County," says Jensen. "Only 15 percent are opposed to that idea."
The proposed Obey Creek project across from Southern Village has been earmarked as a potential location for large-scale retail development, with Target as a possible anchor store.
Jensen also asked respondents how they'd feel about an Olive Garden in downtown Carrboro. While many in Orange and Chatham counties were receptive to the idea, Carrboro residents were not interested.
"Overall, voters in Orange and Chatham say they would support an Olive Garden in downtown Carrboro by a 44-35 margin," says Jensen. What's kind of funny when you break down the numbers is that voters in Carrboro itself are opposed to an Olive Garden- they don't want it by a 55-33 margin."
With many Orange County residents opening their property tax bills this time of year, Jensen says he thinks some taxpayers may be considering how to expand the commercial tax base.
The survey polled 484 registered voters living in Orange and Chatham counties. The margin of error is +/- 4.5 percent. You can find the full results here.


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SANDY SPARKS LAYOFFS: U.S. unemployment benefit applications were elevated for a second straight week because Superstorm Sandy forced many people to seek temporary aid. First-time applications fell 41,000 last week to a seasonally adjusted 410,000, the Labor Department said.
MORE DISTORTIONS LIKELY: Two weeks ago, the storm drove applications up by 90,000 to 451,000, an 18-month high. Workers can claim benefits if their employers close and they aren't paid. Sandy could inflate applications for another week.
JOB GAINS TO SLOW: The storm may slow job growth this month. That's because monthly job gains are calculated by subtracting layoffs and quits from overall hiring.


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Organized by Ralph Nader and the Center for Study of Responsive Law, more than 200 activists and scholars convened in Washington, DC, on April 2 for an all-day conference on "Controlling the Corporation."
Nader opened the conference, outlining the growing corporate role in everyday life. "Mega-corporations use the public's own resources against it, planning intimately and relentlessly our future," exercised in many spheres, including "mass media, health care, transportation, tax code, housing, trade agreements," even "patenting our genes."
He also mentioned the historical, anti-corporate stances of such diverse figures as Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, Friedrich Hayek and Smedley Butler.
Nader explained that the conference would address these issues in two-pronged strategy. The first, highlighting ways to constrain corporate power through such means as campaign finance reform, prosecuting corporate crimes and protecting the commons from privatization. The second strategy involved "displacing" mega-corporations through "cooperatives, small entrepreneurs, new economies, local and renewable energies and democratic credit unions."
Speakers on the first topic included former Congressman Bob Edgar (D-Pennsylvania), who proposed to amend the Constitution to declare that "corporations are not people, money is not speech and legislative bodies have the power to regulate financing."
Activist and author Harvey Wasserman proposed further reforms, including abolition of the electoral college, automatic voter registration for all 18-year-olds, elimination of electronic ballots, weekend voting and authorizing national referenda. The discussion, moderated by Theresa Amato of Citizen Works, also aired ideas such as providing public financing, voting rights for felons and free airtime to political candidates.
A second panel examined ways to curtail corporate crime. Russell Mokhiber of the Corporate Crime Reporter, for example, called for criminal prosecution of corporate malfeasance instead of deferred and non-prosecution agreements, arguing that criminal conviction sends a message that "a civil fine or a deferred and non prosecution does not."
Bill Black, professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City and renowned former bank regulator, contrasted the regulatory response to the savings and loans crisis of the late-1980s with the generalized impunity of the present.
"The Office of Thrift Supervision," a branch of the Treasury Department, "made 30 thousand criminal referrals in four-and-a-half years, produced 3,000 felony convictions and went after the top 100 violators, said Black. "We brought 800 civil actions and $1 billion in recovery." Despite the prevalence of present-day mortgage fraud, the same agency, according to Black, "made zero criminal referrals for this crisis."
Marco Simons of EarthRights focused internationally: "Although corporations may be persons for influencing elections," Simons said, "they are not bound by international human rights law like everyone else." He added, "you can prosecute [them] for bribery, but it's difficult for environmental crimes, genocide, torture, [and] crimes against humanity" abroad.
Kent Greenfield, professor at the Boston College Law School, championed ending limited liability for corporations. He explained that one could "disagree on limited liability for shareholders, but not when the corporation itself is a shareholder." Often, during mergers and acquisitions, companies create "a wholly-owned subsidiary and merge the target into the subsidiary to enjoy limited liability."
Robert Weissman of Public Citizen noted that companies like Pfizer, which paid a $2.3 billion fine in 2009 (or less than three weeks worth of sales), rely on the government for monopoly rights to their drugs for outsize profits. In cases of wrongdoing, such grants "could be rescinded."
A third panel, titled "Protecting the 'Commons' from Insatiable Advocates of Privatization," began with an account by David Morris of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance on a decision by Fort Worth, Texas, to remove the word "public" from its public library to "keep up with the times" and because of its "potentially negative connotation." He noted that he was pleased, however, by the Occupy movement's effect of shifting the narrative.
Wenonah Hauter of the Food & Water Watch cited Willem Buiter, chief economist for Citibank, who said that he expects "to see a globally integrated market for fresh water ... futures markets and other derivative water-based financial instruments ... will follow" and argued for the need to maintain public control over water.
Dr. Margaret Flowers, a pediatrician and a lead organizer of the conference, discussed her advocacy for universal health care. She believes there are ways of connecting with concerned citizens across the political spectrum, recounting a personal anecdote of meeting older, right-wing protesters who enthusiastically supported extending Medicare for all US citizens.
The panel associated with "Actions" to advance the Occupy movement included Christopher Hedges, Kevin Zeese, Dean Baker and Mary Bottari. Hedges advocated for making the Occupy movement militantly nonviolent and imposing a zero-tolerance policy for other forms of action.
"The resources of the state are tremendous and have been employed against the Occupy movement," said Hedges, which included the "physical eradication of the encampments." Hedges argued that those who engaged in acts of vandalism or covered their faces, unwittingly abetted the authorities' ability to justify force when reacting.
The aim is "very clear," for those in power, Hedges stated. It's "to sever the Occupy movement from the mainstream. Because it is fundamentally a mainstream movement," he asserted. "It articulates the aspirations and grievances of the majority of the US: Health care, jobs, the looting of treasury by Wall Street," and the assault on civil liberties, exemplified by the passage of the National Defense Authorization Act.
Hedges hoped the movement would proceed in a similar way to what he had witnessed, for example, in East Germany. "I saw the Stasi state," he recalled. "It was the most pervasive security state in the history of humankind. For every 63 people, there was one Stasi informant - and yet the state fell."
Zeese, a conference organizer, began by congratulating Occupy activists who had successfully blocked an eviction earlier that day. "The Occupy Our Homes project has saved a hundred people from being kicked out of their homes," he added. He saw Occupy as an extension of the 1999 protests against the World Trade Organization in Seattle and called for more development of "democratized economic institutions so people get control over their own lives."
Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, thought Occupy Wall Street had wisely chosen a very appropriate target for anger. "We should see the financial sector as a real demon and it doesn't take a lot to convince people these days," Baker argued. "The financial sector got us here."
"Now that we have five times as many resources in finance [relative to the size of the economy since the 1970s], is our money more secure?" Baker asked, rhetorically. "Is it easier to start a business? Is it easier to save for retirement? Public pension funds have been losing money because they pay so much in fees."
Baker noted that "hedge fund managers make $3-4 billion a year." Baker estimated that the median net wealth for a couple over 65 was $170,000, which meant that hedge fund managers "make in 10 minutes what a typical family would have accumulated over a lifetime."
Mary Bottari of the Center for Media and Democracy discussed the "unique" consequence of the Wisconsin protests against the pro-corporate policies of Gov. Scott Walker, which led to Wisconsin state "Democrats with a backbone."
Carl Mayer, a lawyer representing Hedges and other co-plaintiffs suing the Obama administration over the National Defense Authorization Act's constitutionality, expressed his alarm at the criminalization of protest. He cited a City of London police report to the area's business community, which listed al-Qaeda as a top international terrorist threat and referred to Occupy London as a top domestic threat. He quoted the document, which raised alarms against "individuals who would fit the anti-capitalist profile."
Acrimonious exchanges characterized the question-and-answer period after this panel. Several rebutted Hedges' condemnation of black bloc and anarchist tactics; others questioned the level of Zeese's participation in the Occupy movement.
"It's an attack on stupidity," not anarchism, Hedges retorted. "When you carry out acts of feral or spontaneous vandalism, what you're doing is taking the easy way out. It involves no planning or strategy," he said to applause.
The following panel directly engaged on the question of building community wealth and alternative economic institutions. Gar Alperovitz, a professor of political economy at the University of Maryland, noted, "Ralph used the term 'displace,' not simply 'control.'" Alperovitz noted that the word "systemic" had not been mentioned. The goal, Alperovitz said, must be "changing the system, not just changing or controlling the corporation."
"In the coming three decades," Alperovitz declared, "we should lay the foundations for a fundamental base for a truly democratic economy." State initiatives and battles for single-payer health care, Alperovitz noted, are one means to "displace corporate power," as are the efforts to create public banks modeled after the Bank of North Dakota. Already, Alperovitz noted, there are "130 million Americans involved in co-ops," and more workers with ownership stakes in their firms than there are union members in the private sector. These institutions, Alperovitz suggested, are ripe with political potential "waiting to be activated."
Greg LeRoy of Good Jobs First emphasized the role public money plays in subsidizing corporate giants. "Three-quarters of the for-profit private prisons in this country get economic development subsidies," LeRoy said. He noted, however, that broad coalitions of labor, housing, civil rights and environmental activists and progressive developers can successfully organize to use public economic development funds instead to promote local hiring, affordable housing, living wages, local businesses and community facilities.
Gayle McLaughlin, mayor of Richmond, California, highlighted the success her city had in restraining the expansion of Chevron, which has a large oil refinery based in Richmond, to protect the local environment. McLaughlin also discussed the importance of building economic alternatives. Last year, McLaughlin visited Mondragón worker-owned cooperatives in Spain, a model that she hopes to see implemented in coming years in Richmond.
The conference closed with a panel titled "Mobilizing for Sustained Action," with representatives from SumOfUs, the United Steelworkers and the Industrial Areas Foundations all making supportive remarks. Nader closed the conference. "Conferences have left and created new groups," he concluded. "Young people have reoriented the trajectory of their lives" as a result.
For more information on the Center for the Study of Responsive Law, see: http://csrl.org/


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How do you suspect the Jedi Council would react to finding one of their padawans using the Dark Side? Specifically Force Lightning?
One of my players is a padawan and I use the optional rule where a Force Sensitive character can spend a FP and use a Dark Side Force Power. However he did this in front of the entire team (the other players) and it will most likely come out after the mission in debriefing. He did it at least twice, maybe three times.
How do you think his master, the other master stationed on their Jedi Cruiser, as well as the council would react?


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The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Summer 2000
Table of Contents:
The following list highlights key findings from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as of December 1999.
Twenty years into the HIV/AIDS epidemic, much is known about preventing HIV infection. Yet the epidemic continues and is in fact unrelenting in some places. Worldwide, surveillance and prevention responses vary as a result of many factors.
This article cannot provide a full description of all aspects of the epidemic in every country or the vast and diverse range of cultural, social, environmental, biological, and even political dynamics of this devastating epidemic. Instead, this article will provide a snapshot of some of that diversity and range by describing the epidemiology (i.e., frequency, distribution, and behavior) of HIV in a few representative regions and countries.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is fraught with paradox and true drama: life-saving treatments bring hope as well as risk; countries that share borders have vastly different epidemics. HIV has changed the world and is still changing it.
Antiretroviral Therapies Significantly Impact Mortality
The numbers of new AIDS cases and AIDS deaths are both falling significantly in countries that provide antiretroviral therapy for a majority of those diagnosed with HIV. However, there is no sign that new HIV infections are following the same downward course. On the contrary, extremely worrying recent evidence suggests that the advent of life-prolonging therapies may have led to complacency among some groups of people about the dangers of HIV, and that that complacency may be leading to rises in risky behavior.
For the past several years in San Francisco, for example, there have been decreases in the number of men who have sex with men (MSM) reporting consistent condom use, increases in the number of men reporting unprotected anal sex with multiple partners, and increases in rectal gonorrhea. Many of the men sampled in these studies reported that they did not know their partners' HIV status. Of particular concern is that the absolute number of HIV positive people is probably growing because of improved survival.
Theoretically, antiretroviral therapy could reduce a person's infectiousness, or the likelihood that an infected person might pass on the virus to a sexual partner. Evidence of this effect is not conclusive, but some new research has demonstrated reduced transmission in a study of serodiscordant heterosexual couples (i.e., those in which only one partner is HIV positive). On the other hand, even if a person's overall infectiousness is reduced by anti-HIV drugs, there is good evidence that viable virus (i.e., virus capable of reproducing) can be recovered from seminal fluid in men taking highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART.
Yet until further studies of HIV treatment and infectivity are done, it must be assumed that a higher level of HIV in the pool of potential sexual partners means a higher risk of transmission whenever unprotected sex occurs with a partner of unknown HIV status. More than ever, prevention leaders, community-based organizations, and public health officials must continue to pursue effective HIV prevention efforts in communities where HIV incidence (number of new infections) has declined and prevalence (infection levels) is stable or increasing.
This article was provided by San Francisco AIDS Foundation. It is a part of the publication Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS. Visit San Francisco AIDS Foundation's Web site to find out more about their activities, publications and services.


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Cooling It
Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Cold War and Counter-revolution: The Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy
The Kennedy Doctrine
The Limits of Coercive Diplomacy
First came the orthodox, who said that everything having to do with the cold war was the fault of the communists who forced us from our self-indulgent isolationism into acceptance of our world "responsibilities." Then came the revisionists, who argued that the cold war was largely our fault, and that American interventions against communism were not defensive at all, but rather key elements of our global imperialism. While arriving at opposite conclusions, both the orthodox and the revisionists share the belief that the United States acted deliberately, rationally, and in pursuit of what it believed to be its self-interest. Indeed, both assume there is such a thing as an American government which analyzes a situation, makes a decision, and carries it through.
Now come the postrevisionists, who question whether anyone is responsible for anything, and who tell us that the important thing is not what decisions are made, but how they are made. The argument between left and right about political ends goes on over their heads and to their complete indifference. They are interested in means, not ends. To ask them the basic question that turns on orthodox and revisionist historians: Who started the cold war? is to pose a non sequitur. There is no single cause, they argue, but only a process, and to find out what happened we have to look at the real source of decision-making: the bureaucracy. Thus the study of diplomacy becomes nothing less than an analysis of bureaucratic politics. Exit the historian, enter the computer-punching social scientist.
For many this is an appealing approach. The old polemics are becoming tired and predictable, ideology is suspect, and the emphasis, even among radicals, is on marshaling skills and "reordering priorities" rather than looking for first causes. What happened in history is now considered by many political scientists a less interesting question than why it happened. It is also a question without messy side effects. In concentrating on process at the expense of substance, it avoids value judgments. In the most up-to-date social scientific language, it tells us there are no longer individual responsibilities, but only "decision-making processes." People make decisions, but only organizations go through processes, and they are what really count. For a growing number of political scientists this is the higher realism. On closer inspection, however, it looks suspiciously like a high-level cop-out.
One of the brightest luminaries in the bureaucratic approach to foreign policy is Graham Allison, a political scientist at Harvard, whose recent study of the Cuban missile crisis, Essence of Decision, is required reading in political science courses across the country. His book comes with the most respectable credentials, written, we are told, "under the auspices of the Faculty Seminar on Bureaucracy, Politics, and Policy of the Institute of Politics, John Fitzgerald Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University."
While the weary reader may wonder whether we need yet another postmortem of the missile crisis, Allison's book offers something more. It is a blueprint for examining evidence, using the missile…
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A trailer on Valmont Road in Boulder County was destroyed by a fire late Monday morning along with a truck, according to officials.
Boulder County sheriff's spokeswoman Heidi Prentup said crews were called at 11:40 a.m. Monday to a trailer on fire at 5505 Valmont Road.
An electrician working on the trailer reportedly smelled smoke and left to find the owner, who was at a nearby trailer. When they returned, they found smoke and flames in a back bedroom and evacuated the trailer before calling for help, Prentup said.
It took several hours for crews to extinguish the fire, and a truck parked in the driveway also was destroyed. Two neighboring trailers had some damage due to the heat from the fire.
No injuries were reported.
Boulder Rural Fire Rescue, Rocky Mountain Fire, Mountain View Fire Rescue, Boulder Fire Department, Boulder Emergency Squad and AMR responded to the scene along with the Boulder County Sheriff's Office.
Contact Camera Staff Writer Mitch Byars at 303-473-1329, email@example.com or twitter.com/mitchellbyars.


text: (10am - 1pm on the final day). Over 3.5 days you will work on a digital media project with professional film makers to learn the skills of story creation and development, presenting, directing, producing, camera and sound equipment, and editing software. This is a unique opportunity to learn real digital skills as well as experience in team working and creative expression. Run in conjunction with the Geffyre Museum Youth Advisory Panel and Chocolate Films. Supported by Arts Council England. Free, but booking essential on 020 7563 9527 or firstname.lastname@example.com Young People must commit to attend the entire course.


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2003-04 Women's Basketball
Weekly Recap 2-17
Rickenberg has record breaking week, Bluffton finishes season with two home contests
By Ben Risinger, SID
The Bluffton College women's basketball team (1-22, 0-12 HCAC) was defeated in both games last week in HCAC play. The team dropped contests to Mount St. Joseph 76-47 and Anderson 79-59. The Beavers will finish the regular season with two home games this week as they host Defiance on Wednesday ( ) and Manchester on Saturday ( ).
Mount St. Joseph 76, Bluffton 47
BLUFFTON, OHIO - The Bluffton College women's basketball team (1-21, 0-11 HCAC) were defeated by Mount St. Joseph (10-11, 6-5 HCAC) 76-47 on Wednesday night.
Bluffton led early in the first half 12-11 with left in the period, which would be their final lead for the contest. The Beavers consistently stayed with the Lions in the first period by allowing MSJ's their largest lead going into the half, 34-27. Things then took an ugly turn in the second as the Beavers struggled very early on. Mount St. Joseph went on a 22-2 run to start the second half of play. Bluffton came back around the minute mark as they went on a quick 6-0 run but could not close the gap for the remainder of the game.
Freshman Tanya Rickenberg (Defiance/Paulding) tied for the most points by a freshman in the history of Bluffton College with 312 for the season. The former record was held by Kristin Helvey who was a freshman in 1999. She also broke the free-throws made in a season record by accumulating 120 for the season to date. The former record of 114 was held by Paula Slaughter from the 1998-99 season. Rickenberg led the Beavers on the contest with 18 points and seven rebounds. Senior Lindsay Bacon (Troy/Troy) posted 11 points with junior Lindsey Delscamp (Germantown/Madison) having her second consecutive double digit game with 10 points.
Mount St. Joe led the game in rebounds as they pulled down 48 compared to Bluffton's 27 for the game. The Lions shot 43 percent for the contest with Bluffton shooting 30 percent. Turnovers hurt the Beavers again as they posted 25 to the Mount's 14. The Lions would convert 34 points off of Bluffton turnovers for the game.
Anderson 79, Bluffton 59
ANDERSON, IND. - The Bluffton College women's basketball team (1-22, 0-12 HCAC) were defeated at Anderson University (14-8, 7-5 HCAC) 79-59 Saturday afternoon.
The Beavers started the game by scoring the first two points off a jumper by Senior Lindsay Bacon (Troy/Troy). Anderson quickly answered back and took the lead for good early in the game. Bacon along with Freshman Tanya Rickenberg (Defiance/Paulding) combined to score 17 of the Beavers 19 total first half points. Bluffton shot only 20.7 percent (6 for 29) from the floor in the period compared to Anderson 's 50 percent. The halftime score was 40-19 in favor of the Ravens.
Early on in the second half, Anderson pushed its lead to 27 with to play, but over the next 12 minutes the Beavers were able to chip away and get within 13 points of the Ravens. Bluffton was not able to close the gap, however, and the Ravens pushed the lead back to 20 with left in the contest.
Rickenberg became the all-time freshman points leader in Bluffton history with her 25 for the game. Currently, her season total is at 337, which broke the previous record of 325 held by Kristin Helvey. This was her fourth career 20-point game as a freshman.
Also leading the Beavers on the day was Bacon who chipped in 18 points. Senior Kelsey Studer (Delta/Delta) led Bluffton's rebounding effort with eight boards.
Beavers in the Heartland Conference
As a team Bluffton leads the conference in blocked shots, averaging 5.74 per game. Freshman Tanya Rickenberg continues to rank in several Heartland Conference categories. Rickenberg ranks 6th in the conference in scoring (14.7 points per game), 14th in rebounding (5.2 per game), 3rd in assists (3.96 per game), 5th in defensive rebounding (4.35 per game) and 12th in free throw percentage (70 percent). Sophomore Karin Schaller continues to lead the country in blocked shots, averaging 5.5 blocks per game (leads HCAC). Schaller ranks 18th in scoring (9.7 points per game), 3rd in rebounding (9.9 boards per game), 12th in field goal percentage (43 percent), 4th in offensive rebounds (2.95 per game) and leads the conference in defensive rebounds, averaging 6.95 per game. Senior Lindsay Bacon is tied for 11th in scoring (11.7 points per game) and 2nd in 3-point field goals made, averaging 1.95 per game.


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Kennel in the morning, kennel in the evening, kennel at leaving time. When the kennel's in the spare room, you can get kenneled any time!(Pizza in the morning, pizza in the evening, pizza at dinner time. When pizza's on a bagel, you can eat pizza any time!)
I know that the events in Boston are ABSOLUTELY nothing to laugh at but something this morning did make me smile a little.Since early in the morning the city has been under lockdown. People were told to not leave their homes and to lock their doors. Businesses were instructed not to open. The public transit system was shut down. However, a doughnut shop near the police command area was allowed to open. I don't know what it's like in other countries but, in the US, police officers, doughnuts and coffee are as close as the Three Musketeers.
On that note, my father has been harassing me since they released the information on the vehicle they are looking for. Other than the fact that my car is tagged in a different state, they've described my car. I drive the same make, model and color, and the actual digits on the tag number are only off by a little bit (one number and one letter are different, otherwise they're the same).
But I would hop 500 milesAnd I would hop 500 moreJust to be the bun who hopped 1000 milesTo flop down at your doorBunny bun bun! Bunny bun bun!Bun bun bun bun bun bun bun bun bun bun!
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On par with Toba.
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory [wikimedia.org]
The Yellowstone eruption [wikimedia.org] was a little smaller than Toba (2500 km^3 as opposed to 2800 km^3) but you probably don't notice after the first thousand cubic kilometers of ash have landed. There are four other supervolcanos known [wikimedia.org]. Certainly these are extinction-level events - the Year Without A Summer was caused by a tiny volcano in comparison, altering global temperatures a mere 0.4'C, but the levels of famine and disease that resulted were staggering. Scale it up a hundredfold and throw in a continent's worth of ash and you're talking major problems for anything on the surface.
...and you're talking major problems for anything on the surface.
Good thing most of us are in a basement.
Better ask mom to bring down some extra sandwiches & dr peppers, ya know. Just in case.
Which is why we need to kill it first.
Which is why we need to kill it first.
Hey, give us a break! We're working on it.
Avariciously yours, Dick Cheney & Co.
Is that the plot to Terminator 4?
You mean this: Terminator Salvation (T4) [imdb.com]?
No, you didn't miss anything...
Isn't this what we do already ? Inject water in hydraulic fracturing for Shale gas ?
Lets tap it for geo-thermal. The issue with a previous attempt is that they simply pulled the steam from it. Instead, it should be a recycling generator in which it re-injects the water back into the ground.
Boom, Baby, Boom.
It's an interesting idea and there should be a way to make it work, but previous attempts at injecting water into geothermally active areas have tended to cause mini earthquakes. It would take some doing to get it right and I'm not sure I'm inclined to trust the companies capable of the drilling necessary.
The caldera is not any bigger, just the arear of hot rock or melt under the area. The caldera (collapse feature) is still exactly the same size
He was only prevented from messing with the PlayStation series of consoles, not volcanic features of national parks.
um, no.
Straight man ---->
people who take a second to get that the straight man is also making a joke
people like you who point out that the straight man's joke missed the joke
humor for pond scum
It's not small, no no
The one in the summary is fine, but the original (better) article is here:
http://www.unews.utah.edu/p/?r=032411-5 [utah.edu]
It talks more in depth about how they actually did the imaging. It's actually quite interesting.
2Million->1.3Mill->642,000 years ago. Let's following the series!
Interval of ~670,000 years +/- 21,000.
Next eruption: 642,000 - 670,000 = 28000 +/- 21000 = essentially any time, ouch.
The eruption interval gives some idea of what might be expected, but there is no such thing as being "due" for an eruption. There would be nothing to stop an eruption next year, then another one a hundred years form now. or 5 million years later. Likewise, with the hot spot staying more or less in one place, and the land moving over to
I have a serious (and perhaps stupid) question related to the topic. Given the interest in alternative energy, the size of the Yellowstone caldera, and its proximity to the surface, is it a completely silly idea to exploit it as an energy source? Are there already geothermal power plants in the Yellowstone area?
I don't know about Yellowstone in particular, but there are some tentative plans to exploit Newberry Crater (another shield volcano caldera, but much smaller). Interestingly, the same types of magnetotelluric techniques are being used to map promising sites for geothermal plants.
Executive ability is deciding quickly and getting somebody else to do the work. -- John G. Pollard


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Model Creation
What it is:
Create 3D models for use in the study of architecture, geography, geology, or for export to other applications such as Second Life. Create 3D animations for studies in anatomy, biology, or for export to other applications.
What you need:
3D modeling software, such as Blender.


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ASTM A882/A882M-02a
Historical Standard: ASTM A882/A882M-02a Standard Specification for Filled Epoxy-Coated Seven-Wire Prestressing Steel Strand
SUPERSEDED (see Active link, below)
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers ASTM Specification A 416 low-relaxation Grade 250 and Grade 270 seven-wire prestressing steel strand with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic deposition method or other method that will meet the coating requirements in Section 7.
Note 1The manufacturer as identified throughout this specification is the coating applicator.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements S1 contains requirements for epoxy-coated and filled strand. Epoxy-coated and filled strand shall not be furnished unless ordered, or by arrangement between purchaser and manufacturer.
Note 2This standard is a product specification and it does not delineate requirements regarding the use of epoxy-coated strand. Proper use of epoxy-coated strand includes design considerations, handling, installing, and stressing of strands, permissible concrete curing temperature, and procedures for repairing damaged coating and protection of the ends of strands. Information and procedures for such items are presented in a report by the PCI Ad Hoc Committee on Epoxy-Coated Strand.
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A 882) or SI units [as Specification A 882M].
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the test, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A416/A416M Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
G14 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coatings (Falling Weight Test)
G20 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Pipeline Coatings
Federal Highway Administration ReportFHWA-RD-74-18 Nonmetallic Coatings for Concrete Reinforcing Bars (February 1974) Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http://www.ntis.gov.
coating requirements; corrosion resistance; epoxy coating; prestressed concrete; steel wire; strand (tendons); Epoxy-coated steel wire--specifications; Filled epoxy-coated steel wire; Prestressed concrete; Prestressing steel; Seven-wire strand (tendon); Steel wire strand--specifications; Strand (tendons);
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 77.140.65 (Steel wire, wir ropes and link chains)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.


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Tuition freeze at HU for the 2013-14 year
Monday, February 4, 2013 8:35 AM
Huntington University has announced a tuition freeze for the 2013-14 academic year, the second such freeze in a decade.
The action by the university's board of trustees freezes tuition at 2012-13 levels for all incoming and returning students. HU also adopted a tuition freeze for the 2004-05 school year.
"In these uncertain economic times, students and parents will have one less worry," says HU President G. Blair Dowden.
Huntington University's undergraduate tuition will remain locked at $23,300 next year. Room, board and fees will rise slightly to bring the total sticker price to $32,200, or an overall increase of 1.6 percent. This figure includes a new technology fee which will underwrite a campus wireless and cloud printing initiative.
Across the United States, the average tuition at four-year private institutions this year is $29,056 and the total cost of attendance averages $43,289, according to figures compiled by The College Board.
Currently, Huntington's tuition ranks 23rd out of the 31 independent colleges and universities in Indiana and 56th out of the 109 members of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities.
Dowden, who notes that Huntington University has been named a regional best value in five of the past six years, points to the university's loan repayment program as another way the school is assisting its students with college costs. Through the program, students who meet income guidelines can have all or part of their loans repaid.


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A FEAST of entertainment awaits New Year's Eve revellers in Warrnambool, Hamilton and Portland.
Warrnambool's traditional celebration at Flagstaff Hill is expected to be a big drawcard and will feature live music and children's activities, with fireworks displays at 9.30pm and midnight.
The annual event will kick off at 6.30pm.
Fireworks, music and children's activities will also make Hamilton's New Year's Eve celebrations a lively affair.
The pyrotechnics display, supported by Southern Grampians Shire Council and provided by Hamilton-based company Southern Star Fireworks, will fire up from 10.30pm at Melville Oval and will be part of a range of activities for the entire community that have been organised by the Hamilton North Rotary Club.
The family entertainment will start on Gray Street from 7pm. Activities include a Lions club barbecue, music, a jumping castle, giant slide, Rotary train rides and more.
For public safety Melville Oval will be closed to the public prior to, during and after the fireworks display.
Residents located in the vicinity of Melville Oval and the Hamilton central business district are advised to take necessary precautions with pets which might be disturbed during this time.
Spectators enjoying the fireworks display are reminded to be aware of traffic in the area and to be aware that normal road rules apply.
At Portland, the Bentinck Street lawns will be the centre of the city's New Year's Eve celebrations from 6pm.
Glenelg Shire Council has put together an array of family-friendly entertainment, with Dazzling Dan the Magic Man kicking off the evening with a special children's show on the lawn stage.
From 7pm, local sensations Scott and Danielle will continue the family theme, followed by alternative rock group Three Cheers to Treason, local cover band, Next Chapter and headline act, the edgy rock outfit Shameless from Melbourne.
There will also be free children's amusement rides near the Portland Angling Club from 6pm to 10pm, and foreshore fireworks at 10pm and again at midnight.
Bentinck Street, from Gawler Street to Henty Street, will be closed to traffic from 4pm to allow the festivities to take place.
The Maritime Discovery Centre car park areas will also be closed to the public.
The consumption and possession of liquor in unsealed containers will be permitted on Bentinck Street between Gawler Street and Henty Street from 4pm on Monday, December 31 until 1am on Tuesday, January 1.


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We want to thank several groups who helped during the storm and subsequent power outage.
We want to thank several groups who helped during the storm and subsequent power outage.
First, a big "thank you" to the Forestburgh Firehouse and the people who "manned" the firehouse, giving out water, dry ice, food and meals plus offering showers and other services in a friendly, helpful manner. Some delivered meals,
Second, "thank you" to Supervisor Bill Sipos Jr., the members of the Forestburgh Town Board and the restaurants who donated meals. We felt truly part of a community of people helping people.
And third, to O&R, which brought in other companies to get us back with power as soon as possible. Living in a somewhat remote area, we understand that helping the more populated areas first is important. We were grateful to see the trucks a week after the lights went out, working on the downed lines, and thanks to the crew from Oklahoma who eventually got our lights on.
When we are all in the same predicament, this community pulled together to help each other. We are glad we live here.
Linda and Dick Heydenburg
With so much being said about our schools and education system, I must comment on the excellence of Fostertown Elementary School in the Newburgh School District.
I have had the opportunity to visit this school on several occasions, as my grandson is a student there, and have always been impressed with the productions and professionalism demonstrated by both students and faculty, but the most recent play I had the pleasure of attending on the evening of Nov, 15 was so impressive that a public applause to all involved is most certainly warranted.
The play was on the history of our great country, and the total involvement of the third grade, costumes, roles and support of parents and faculty made the evening a truly enjoyable family affair.
Please remember that our teachers and administrators of our schools are the ones whom we entrust with our precious children, and it was a joy to see how the members of the Fostertown Elementary School family, administrators, teachers, custodians, parents and students work together to make their learning environment the best it can be.
Congratulations, Fostertown Elementary School.
Barbara Dunn


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Well, here we are... I have finally arrived at the point where I can begin training full time. It's been a year and a half since my spinal fusion and rehab is done and I'm cleared to hit it as hard as I want. I'm a little overfat but I'll take care of that towards the end of my cycle. I will lay out my cycle plan which is a work in progress as usual. Things can always change but the core elements will always remain. My goals are to gain strength and mass, heavy on the mass, but the stronger I get the more mass I will be able to put on... Any and all criticism is welcome and appreciated. I will add pictures tomorrow. It's been over two years since I trained so it will be a start from the humble bottom, transcending to the realm of the Titans... If you think you can, you can. If you think you can't, You're right...
Monday: 205
Today: 226
Cycle plan:
TestC: 1000mg Weeks 1-16
TrenE: 500mg Weeks 1-16
MastE: 400mg Weeks 1-16
Dbol: 50mg/day Weeks 1-4
M1T: 15mg/day Weeks 1-2/5-6/14-16
HCG: 250mg/2x week Weeks 1-16
Arimidex: .5mg/eod Weeks 1-16
Pramipexole on hand in case prolactin sides come up: .5mg/eod
Purus Labs Organ Shield: 4 caps/ed Weeks 1-16
IGF-1 Lr3: 100mcg/ed Weeks 1-8
CJC 1295-no dac/GHRP-2: 100mcg/3xed weeks 1-16
NovolinR: 15IU/3x day weeks 1-8/13-16
Most of the gear has been supplied by Superior Labs and Wicked Labs. Peptides and ancillaries are supplied by Blue Sky Peptides and GreatWhitePeptides. My diet is also a work in progress. I am eating pretty clean with a few NutriBullet shakes which include whole foods and whey isolate. Main dishes throughout the day, depending on time, availability, etc..., are chicken breasts, rice and veggies. I will probably throw some red meat in there as I will grow tired of chicken I'm sure. Towards the end, I will switch to white fish predominately, as I will be attempting to cut some fat while maintaining the gains I make. T3 and Clen will no doubt be added and likely winstrol/TestP. We'll see...
Today's food intake:
Today was a leg Workout. I am doing a push/pull/legs routine and will add core work and cardio as I progress. As I said, I am starting from the bottom again.
Back Squat:
4 sets
5 sets
Leg Sled:
4 sets
Seated Calf Raise:
4 sets
Each workout will change as I like to do different exercises to keep things interesting as well as training each muscle group in a different manner. Losing my ability to train was like losing my purpose in life... Having that back is the greatest gift I could have ever wished to receive. Time to get big and strong...


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If I remember correctly, practically zero "experts" in the media had the Jets pegged for the playoffs. I can't count how many (it was a ton) on this board had the Jets at 7-9, 8-8. Very, very few had the Jets winning 10+. I don't think anybody -- media or here -- had the Jets winning the division. Lose top defender and offensive playmaker. Starting a QB nobody was/is sold on. And now they are 4-7 with a pretty reasonable shot to finish 8-8, where pretty much most people thought.
I'd say the "disastrous" talk is definitely being overplayed.