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You've probably seen the fancy Exchange Server 2010 Architecture Poster put out by the Microsoft Exchange Server team last October and which you can download from the Exchange Team Blog. Many admins have wondered how to get a printed copy of the poster. Well, Windows IT Pro subscribers will be receiving a full-size, full-color reproduction of the poster with the March 2011 print magazine, courtesy of the Exchange team.
I've recently had the opportunity to talk with several members of the Exchange team to get a deeper technical understanding of some of the features represented on the poster, and I'll be presenting those interviews for you here. First up is Adam Glick, a senior product manager on the Exchange team, who spoke with me about the role of Exchange ActiveSync (EAS) and other techniques in Exchange for controlling smartphones and other mobile device connections.
BKW: To start with, can you just give us a good, basic definition of EAS—what it is and what it does?
Adam: Exchange ActiveSync is a protocol for syncing your email and PIM information. That's kind of the easy, succinct way to put it. What that really means is that you get—we called it AUTD, Always Up-To-Date—that's what we called the feature when we rolled it out. That was in the Exchange 2003 SP2 timeframe.
When people were taking their phones and trying to connect to email servers, they were using things like POP or IMAP, which are polling technologies. So their phone, every 15 minutes or 30 minutes, whatever they set it to, would go and grab that information. And we've changed that by making the ability for the server to just send the mail to the phone directly when it's there, and that connection can be maintained. So the way that ActiveSync does that is by using the technology in the modern version of ActiveSync called a hanging sync. What it does is there's actually some intelligence that says, "How long can you keep a connection open before it gets shut down by a firewall, by the carrier, by the device?" So basically it tests it, and then it sets the time that it will wait to keep the connection open to that time. So It figures it out and whatever that timeframe is—let's say it will keep the connection open for 30 minutes before it closes it off and drops the connection—so at 29 minutes, it will basically send a ping and say, "Hey, I'm still here," and reset that clock.
It always keeps the connection open without really using any data across that line. Because that connection is open, it's able to send messages across. So as soon as the email server gets an email or a calendar invite or an update to a contact, those are immediately sent out to the Exchange ActiveSync device. So that was a novel way to make sure that you had real-time email and PIM capabilities while making sure that you weren't constantly using data or making users wait 15 minutes to get that information.
The pieces that go beyond email are the ones that really separate it from POP and IMAP, which have no email or contacts capabilities. In the modern versions of ActiveSync, you also have Tasks and Notes, and then obviously additional metadata things like marking something as high importance or putting IRM \\[Information Rights Management\\] protection on a message. All these are things that are unique to Exchange ActiveSync and not available in other mail-linking protocols that people tend to use. That's kind of a fast overview of Exchange ActiveSync, why people use it, what the value is, in terms of technically.
In terms of market space, people use it because it's an openly licensed standard. If you buy any smartphone that's on the market, there's an Exchange ActiveSync solution for it, and in most cases that Exchange ActiveSync solution is built in. So if you go down to AT&T, or T-Mobile, or Vodafone for that matter, and you take a look at their smartphones, the only ones you'll find that don't have it built in are in most cases the BlackBerrys, which have two third-party solutions that are available, and obviously BlackBerry has its own solution that they provide users \\[BlackBerry Enterprise Server—BES\\].
So it's a fairly universal standard. For IT pros, it also provides additional benefits that other mail-syncing standards don't provide around policy control. We've talked before about the ability to block and limit what comes into an enterprise, but policy control is about controlling the devices that you choose to allow into your organization. These policies are things everywhere from ensuring that people use a PIN, how long that PIN is, how complex it is—is it just numbers or is it numbers and letters? Is there encryption enforced on the device? Is the main memory, is it a storage card, if storage cards are allowed? Do you allow certain other functionality on the device—for instance, can you Bluetooth tether to the device? Can you use the device to tether to a computer?
These are features that we built in based around the questions asked from IT pros who were concerned with people circumventing corporate networks. So when people ask, you know, what does tethering have to do, or what good is blocking Bluetooth, the reason was because there was concern from IT pros. We talked to them: "How are you worried about these phones when they come in your enterprise?" They said, "Well, I know how my network is protected. I've got my firewall. I've got my monitoring systems in place. But if someone takes one of these phones and tethers it to their work computer, all of a sudden they have a totally different channel that they can take information from that I have no eyes on." And so you can have the ability, if you wanted to, to lock those things down—that's where a lot of these policy pieces came in.
Same thing with blocking cameras. For certain organizations, they wouldn't allow cameras in at all, and when camera phones started to get popular, it became a big concern. We said, hey, we can always put a policy on them. Phones can be connected, you're going to allow that device, but the camera doesn't work. You can effectively create that same outcome. Certain organizations want that, certain ones don't.
There are 52 policies in total. About 49 of them are exposed to users. The others are used by just the server itself. These policies are what IT pros told us were what they needed to secure their organizations. We think of organizations all the way from people who just let in everything, they don't care, to organizations that want to lock out stuff, that are very security-conscious. We talk to them about what they need. You don't hear it as much anymore—but there used to be a big debate around policies. People used to say, "I have so many policies—you've got 25, I've got 40. You've got 45, now I've got 65." So there was this kind of arms race about policy numbers. People didn't stop to ask which features are the ones the people actually need.
The way I usually communicate this to people is that policies are like pounds: More isn't always better, and you always want them in the right places. So we talked to our IT pros and said, where are the places that you needed, what are the things that you actually want? By doing that, we avoid some of the confusion with certain other organizations that would say, "We're just going to put in every policy under the sun." That actually became a confusion point for a lot of IT pros. So our goal was, let's make this simple for people to administer, powerful to give them the control they want, and free enough to let users make the decisions about what devices they wanted while protecting IT pro infrastructure. That's probably the quick overview of it all.
BKW: Within the last couple of years, there's been a real explosion of consumer-oriented devices, with users asking IT departments to support those devices. How is user choice of devices affecting what policies IT pros are asking for?
Adam: We've seen the same trend of the consumerization of IT, and it varies by organization. But we do see a growing number of people bringing devices in, which we think is great because one of the things with ActiveSync in being licensed across all devices is that it's what Gartner calls the de facto standard. Everyone looks at ActiveSync, and if you've got Exchange ActiveSync, then you know you have the capabilities there.
From the IT standpoint, what we saw probably starting a year and a half ago or so was real concern that as you had this explosion of the Exchange ActiveSync devices on the market that the level of security control they provided was wildly different. So organizations were forced into these situations of either putting out a lot of rules—that they only support X devices and blocking people from being able to use anything else—or supporting them, and essentially going below where they were comfortable in terms of their security threshold—being forced to kind of reevaluate where they draw the bar.
What we've seen over the past year and a half is that pendulum is swinging a little back. Organizations have been asking \\[vendors\\] for those features and things that have not been meeting the bar for what they considered necessary—to put those feature sets in. We've been working with vendors as well to say these are things that we know are important so let's talk about how we get them into your implementation.
We've seen organizations start to realize the value of the data that's on these devices as more and more users get them. If you roll back a few years, you had 12 to 20 percent of users \\[on mobile devices\\], depending on the organization, the size, who their users are. Now it's predicted that a year, two years from now, it's going to be 50 percent of all users. So you're seeing a real shift in terms of the number of them, and so the concern about the data that's stored on them, how much storage space, is starting to become real, and the desire to control those pieces is real for IT pros. We already provide those controls. But getting the EAS licensees, the device manufacturers, to build those in—we work closely with them. They're also hearing it from the IT pro community, that they want those pieces.
So you're seeing the pendulum flip backward toward giving organizations control. I think we'll continue to see that movement. We saw it go really far to one end, and I think we'll see it move—well, we have seen it move back, and I think we'll continue to see it move back. People will look for more and more solutions that are not painful for users but allow organizations to be able to control the assets that they know are available on these devices.
As you see these stories about someone losing a device, and there's all sorts of information on it—that scares us, and rightfully so. They're looking to protect those things. I think they'll find the middle ground. I think the device manufacturers will bring \\[their level of protection\\] up. We're working with them.
We've also spent some time putting together things like the resources that we have online with Exchange ActiveSync about which devices or which operating systems actually support which features, to educate IT pros. One of the biggest questions we got was, "Oh my god, there's all these things out there, I don't even know what they support." Maybe the manufacturer tells you, maybe they don't. Trying to answer those questions was a real big question mark and still somewhat of a pain point for IT pros. We have a number of steps that we're working on to help IT pros along that path. The first step was putting together the wiki page and putting that out there so that the community could share the information they have, we could put in the information that we have, and people could have some sort of resource to make informed decisions for their organizations.
BKW: Right, I've seen the wiki page, that's the "Comparison of Exchange ActiveSync Clients" page on Wikipedia, which is a really useful resource. One of the biggest pain points still for IT pros, which is highlighted when you look at the chart on that page, is that some of the biggest features they need aren't being implemented by all the device makers—even when they are available to be used by the mobile OS. Why is it that some of the handset makers aren't using all of the policies that they're licensing?
Adam: Exchange ActiveSync at the moment is a patent license. So what that means is that once they license the package to use the protocol—all the documentation is publically available already—we don't control what they do. We can't mandate: You must do this. We talk to them about what we know are the needs of our IT pro community, but it's their product, and they make the decisions about whether they want to implement something or not. If you take a look at, say, just the last three years of the space, you can see there's a consistent move by all of the players, all of the Exchange ActiveSync licensees, to add more of those enterprise features—and when I say features, not just features in terms of end-user-exposed features but policy control features.
If you take a look across the spectrum, the easiest example would be that encryption showed up on the iPhone—that was a big deal for Apple in unlocking some of their enterprise pieces. Google, although they didn't tout it in their announcement this week, Honeycomb added encryption APIs for the first time into Android. Obviously, Windows Mobile had encryption back in the Windows Mobile 6.0 days. As you look at it, these pieces tend to come in, they tend to trickle in. If people want to make a big deal about it or not is more of a marketing decision on their part. But there is a consistent movement over the past three years to add more of these features.
I hate to use Apple as an example, but they're an easy one that everyone is familiar with. Every release that they've had of their operating system since the second one, which introduced Exchange ActiveSync, has added more Exchange ActiveSync features for policies. Android ever since 2.0 has done it. Obviously, Windows Phone and Windows Mobile have had ActiveSync since the get-go. Palm's first update, when they came out with their first update to WebOS after they were bought by HP, was an EAS update.
We see people come out with a device, they get feedback very quickly, and with every update we see them adding those features in. Sometimes people are limited, sometimes doing some of these things, doing them right, is a difficult programming challenge, depending on what their platform is and what things are built in to it. But what we've seen over time is that every one of them keeps adding these pieces because this is what enterprises want.
BKW: I know you might not be the best person to answer this question, but I have to ask: Why isn't EAS better implemented on Windows Phone 7? I've seen a lot of complaints about features such as device encryption not being supported, and as a result businesses not being able to implement the platform.
Adam: I obviously really like my Windows Phone 7. In terms of what decisions the Windows Phone team made for what pieces they built in to their initial release and what pieces they didn't, it's really a question for the Windows Phone team. I'm not involved in those discussions. All I can do is speculate, and that's not very useful. I've seen the feedback, and I know they've heard the feedback as well. I can't talk about what their roadmap is or what their decision making process is.
BKW: Sure. One of the other things I know you wanted to talk about was blocking by UA string. What is that?
Adam: So, UA string is "user agent." When people think about mobile being a significant way that data goes in and out of their enterprise, they look for ways to be able control that. The Allow/Block/Quarantine list is certainly our most advanced, most recent way to put that control in. The ABQ list uses information that's passed along by the device. In some cases, there are some people who try to cheat that. What people usually don't cheat is when somebody uses a web browser. When you send across HTTP headers, there's a thing called user agents, and the user agent identifies what device you're using. This is pretty important for mobile devices because it tells websites to format their pages in mobile-friendly designs.
HTTP is part of the protocol that some of the EAS traffic goes across so we also get a user agent string. Some people, rather than taking a look at a device family or device type as reported in Exchange ActiveSync, want to be able to filter by how the user agent string of the phone identifies itself. This is useful when people want to do things like not filter an entire device out but filter out by a particular version. User agent strings tend to give even the version number. Say for instance you had a Nokia E72 and you wanted version 4.0 to be allowed because it had a new fix in it, but version 3.5 didn't meet the requirements of the organization so you want to filter that one out. If you want to be able to do that, using user agent filtering would be a way that you could do it. So it's another way to give organizations control of what devices come in and out, and you can control based upon version number as opposed to taking a look at just what the device is and how it reports.
Adam (cont.): It also allows you to look at other things. Sometimes devices by the same manufacturer will all just say the same thing. You might see something like "motodroid." Motorola makes several Android-based devices—which device is it? Maybe you want to allow ones that are running version 2.1 or 2.2, but you don't want to allow ones that are running 1.6. Something like that. So user agent string filtering gives people the ability to block devices upon that particular criteria—another set of criteria to block or allow devices.
That's something that's applicable to Exchange 2010 but also earlier versions of Exchange because the filtering doesn't actually happen at the Exchange layer. It happens at other layers in their infrastructure—either at their Microsoft Internet Information Server layer through an ISAPI filter or a plug-in, or through their ISA server, filtering there. This is also the place where people can do filtering based on IP address. There are certain services out there that use a data center or a network operations center to connect to people's mailboxes to pull mail out, but they pull mail without pulling policy or controls. It's another way that people try to circumvent IT pros. You want to be able to stop those folks and say that if you're going to connect to mail, you're going to pull this information. We need to be able to control it. You can block by IP address, which is the same way you'd normally do it based on a firewall.
BKW: So, thinking about the Exchange architecture poster, where in the Exchange architecture are EAS controls? Where do they come into play?
Adam: All of the Exchange ActiveSync functionality lives in the Client Access server, the CAS server. Give me a second and I'll grab a copy of the poster. Normally I have it ingrained in my head, tattooed on my skin. I'm wearing long sleeves today so I can't see it. As I pull out the poster here, CAS is at 6 o'clock, right below dead center. And you can see that they talk about Allow/Block/Quarantine, which is part of that, and then some of the client-based features we haven't talked about in the Outlook Mobile updates.
We chose for the poster not to deal with any of the things that were already existent. So for instance, if you had the Exchange 2007 poster, you would see a bunch of these policy pieces because that's the point in time when those pieces were actually added to the protocol. The poster focuses on only new pieces of information. We know remote wipe is incredibly important to IT pros, but it's been a part of Exchange ActiveSync since Exchange 2003 SP2.
BKW: You talked at the beginning about getting feedback about the type of controls people want. Is that still ongoing? Are there new requests coming in? Or is EAS pretty stable at this point?
Adam: I'm always talking to IT pros. I literally talk with them every week. Sometimes I will ask them for particular things. A lot of times I will leave it open. What are the issues they are most interested in, what are the things they want to talk about? They don't ask for a lot more in Exchange ActiveSync at this point. The last time someone asked me something, someone asked, "Can I sync my Notes?" And in Exchange 2010, we actually added that. So I said, it's been there in the protocol. Now it's a matter of getting one of the clients to build it.
Exchange ActiveSync is certainly stable, but I wouldn't say we wouldn't rev it in the future. We're always looking at what are the needs, what are the other things that make sense to put into it. There's more a focus right now on enabling people's functionality and on looking at ways we can do things differently. So for instance, one of the things that we are focusing on right now is how do we make sure that we can give IT pros the ability to only wipe the Exchange data versus wiping an entire device.
BKW: Currently, that's not something that's possible?
Adam: At the moment with Exchange ActiveSync, there are ways that you can do it, but it's normally through doing things like buying an application that's Exchange ActiveSync–enabled. So that application doesn't have access to the APIs to wipe an entire device—it only has access to its own data. So that's how some organizations do it, some applications do it. But we're looking at if there could be a way that we can do this from the Exchange server. Now, some organizations may like that because users won't get angry when a phone get's wiped. On the flipside of that, some organizations may be concerned that data will be kept because maybe someone got an email attachment and they saved it off to an SD card, then they removed it. So, we wiped your email program, all the email's gone, but they took that attachment. Or they copied and pasted out contacts, or a set of phone numbers, or sales data. So by not wiping the devices, there's also the concern about data leaking.
BKW: Those are obviously some thorny problems that someone is going to have to deal with.
Adam: What I've seen is that different organizations are looking at that issue and reacting to it differently. And I would expect that to probably continue, that more security-conscious organization will take a more holistic views of managing the entire device, versus less security-conscious ones will be more comfortable being more flexible with the data but still getting higher levels of protection.
BKW: Exactly. If you're letting people bring their personal devices into the organization, those people are going to have an expectation that you're not going to wipe their devices. But those organizations are probably the ones that are less security-conscious to begin with.
Adam: Yes.
BKW: Anything else you'd like to add about EAS at this point?
Adam: I think that's all for today. That's a pretty broad brush we painted with, but I kind of tried to paint the big pictures here.
BKW: Exactly, nice job. Thanks, Adam.
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WIKA Part of your business
Pressure, temperature and level measurement solutions from WIKA are components integrated in the business processes of our customers.
This is why we consider ourselves to be not just suppliers of measurement components but rather more a competent partner that offers comprehensive solutions in close co-operation with our customers – customised and precisely designed products for the exact requirement.
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Hot Tracks — Hudsonville Public Access Television Show Goes Viral [Video]
A Hudsonville produced public access television show is starting to go viral. So much so that someone has done a mini documentary on it. The show is called 'Hot Tracks' and the two resident stars are Nick Van Zanten and J.B. West. The show has been on for a long time, as you can tell from the video.
If you want to see these guys on TV you can check out the show on Friday nights at 9:30 PM on WCET


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8th at HCAC champs
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - The Bluffton College women's tennis team wrapped up their
fall season this last weekend at the HCAC Championships, hosted at the West Indy Racquet
Club. The Beavers finished eighth as a team, but showed improvement once again, with
solid performances in many flights.
"I'm definitely proud of the effort we gave this weekend, "said Coach Nate Smith. "This conference just keeps getting deeper and better throughout the flights, and we're part of that improvement. I received many great compliments from opposing coaches and players throughout the weekend, as we showed the heart that we've played with all year. We battled through injuries and fatigue the entire tournament, but I think we're right on the doorstep of having a real competitive program here."
The accolades also came in the form of some hardware for the Beavers' top singles player, freshman Jenna Liechty. Liechty was named All-HCAC and Freshman of the Year for her performances throughout the season. Liechty picked up a win in her playback match against Defiance 's Allison Scheu, battling back from a one-set deficit to claim the 4-6, 6-1, 6-2 victory. Liechty also played tough in her first-round match with Franklin 's Kelly Vance. In her 6-1, 6-3 loss to Vance, Liechty became the first Bluffton tennis player to ever win a game against Vance, as she was even able to reel off three games in a row during the second set against the four-time HCAC MVP. Liechty also tasted success in doubles play to finish the tournament, as her and partner Kara Schrock defeated the top doubles team from Mount St. Joseph in their seventh-place match on Saturday.
The doubles victory completed a perfect final day for Schrock, who also won her seventh-place match at #3 singles earlier in the day, defeating Hanover 's Sarah Pollom, 6-2, 6-4. Another athlete who went undefeated on the final day of competition was junior Stephanie Keefe, who finished seventh at #2 singles for the second consecutive year, and also teamed up with partner Lisa Cherry to defeat the #2 doubles team from Anderson in the seventh-place match. Keefe and Cherry were the hard-luck duo for much of the tournament, extending to third-set super tiebreak games in all their matches during the championships. The win over Anderson , 10-4 in the super tiebreak, provided redemption for the two earlier super tiebreak losses, both against teams which the duo had defeated during the regular season. As a team, the Beavers had five losses come in third sets. Schrock and Cherry both lost close three-set matches in their singles flights, as did Liechty.
Jenni Blose and Julie Harsha rounded out Bluffton's lineup at the tournament, competing at #5 and #6 singles, respectively, and together at #3 doubles. The duo finished the tournament with their closest match of the weekend, falling to Defiance . Blose also finished with a tough loss to Sarah Shuff of Defiance , losing 6-3, 6-4.
Bluffton finished the season with three wins in dual matches, the most for the Beavers over the last five seasons. Results following -
Individual Results by Flight
#1 Singles
1st Round - Kelly Vance (FC) def. Jenna Liechty (BC); 6-1, 6-3
Playback - Liechty (BC) def. Allison Scheu (DC); 4-6, 6-1, 6-2
Final Place -
#2 Singles
1st Round - Kylee VonDeylen (DC) def. Stephanie Keefe (BC); 6-1, 6-3
Playback - Beth Fansler (TU) def. Keefe (BC); 7-5, 6-4
Final Place -
#3 Singles
1st Round - Rachel Goodman (TU) def. Kara Schrock (BC); 6-1, 6-3
Playback - Christina Nemec (MSJ) def. Schrock (BC); 5-7, 6-1, 6-4
Final Place -
#4 Singles
1st Round - Kirby Jasper (MC) def. Lisa Cherry (BC); 6-0, 6-1
Playback - Paige Bolhus (AU) def. Cherry (BC); 6-1, 6-0
Final Place -
#5 Singles
1st Round - Anna Merryman (MC) def. Jenni Blose (BC); 6-0, 6-0
Playback - Sara Beth Ratliff (HC) def. Blose (BC); 6-2, 6-1
Final Place -
#6 Singles
1st Round - Laura Hunter (MC) def. Julie Harsha (BC); 6-0, 6-0
Playback - Erin Williams (DC) def. Harsha (BC); 6-0, 6-0
Final Place -
#1 Doubles
1st Round - Scheu/VonDeylen (DC) def. Liechty/Schrock (BC); 7-5, 6-1
Playback - Parrott/Ream (HC) def. Liechty/Schrock (BC); 6-2, 6-1
Final Place -
#2 Doubles
1st Round - Nemec/Stocksdale (MSJ) def. Keefe/Cherry (BC); 4-6, 6-3, (10-5)
Playback - Reichard/Waidelich (DC) def. Keefe/Cherry (BC); 6-2, 6-7(3), (10-4)
Final Place -
#3 Doubles
1st Round - Jasper/Hunter (MC) def. Blose/Harsha (BC); 6-1, 6-0
Playback - Shoemaker/Lowe (TU) def. Blose/Harsha (BC); 6-3, 6-0
Final Place -


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Sound Tribe Sector 9 Tickets
Sound Tribe Sector 9, or STS9, as they are known to their fans, has a very unique sound. The group, which formed in 1998, has released a total of 11 studio albums, with their most recent being When The Dust Settles, in '11. STS9 has just announced a full slate of shows for 2015. You can find the best selection of Sound Tribe Sector 9 tickets right here at GoTickets.
Sound Tribe Sector 9 Tour Dates and Schedule
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The Moral Minority
Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England Vol.II: Assaults
Maurice Cowling, a fellow of Peterhouse, is well known in Cambridge, England, as a modern historian and an advocate of what he calls "intellectual Toryism"—which is very different from the Toryism of practical politics. He has, by now, followers who somewhat pretentiously describe themselves as "the Peterhouse school of history." Some of these are able, though few of them are very clear writers; they have recently given each other a good deal of publicity; and a newly published book by one of them assures us that they have founded a new tradition in political philosophy.* In the foreword to his own new book, Mr. Cowling, while acknowledging the help of a loyal army of Peterhouse men, darkly suggests that I am not entirely sympathetic to his philosophy. This, I fear, is true. Nevertheless, I shall try to set it out fairly before responding to his challenge and commenting upon it.
In 1980 Mr. Cowling published what we now know to be the first volume of a three-volume work, Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England, expressing his historical philosophy. It was a somewhat odd book: a series of potted intellectual biographies of a miscellany of English worthies of the last century and a half. There were politicians (the third Marquess of Salisbury, Winston Churchill), imaginative writers (T.S. Eliot, Evelyn Waugh), historians (Sir Herbert Butterfield, Dom David Knowles—fellows of Peterhouse). There were also some more obscure Cambridge dons of the 1930s, and indeed since.
Although we are told that that volume "defined the principles according to which the intellectual history of modern England should be written," most readers were left in some uncertainty about those principles. However, as one read, certain strong personal opinions emerged. The author expressed a general hatred of "liberalism," which, he insisted, it is the duty of good men to "resent," even to "sneer" at; and he certainly sneered to some tune. Most of the characters in the book are either condemned for liberalism or found wanting as insufficiently radical opponents of it.
One of the reviewers of that first volume, Mr. Bernard Williams, provost of King's College, Cambridge, referring to Mr. Cowling's "distrust of all merely secular improvements," likened him to "the more unreconstructed type of cardinal…in the unliberated heartland of the Church of Rome." This comparison has delighted Mr. Cowling. To him it illustrates "the demonology of the liberal mind," and he welcomes "these flattering accusations" as "wounds which anyone should be pleased to bear," for they show that "Provost Williams" has understood the purpose of Volume I: that it was "designed to put question-marks against the assault on Christianity." This is a great help, and we can now read Volume II, which is subtitled Assaults, and is described as self-contained, with an improved sense of direction.
What Mr. Cowling now seeks to show, by the same method of intellectual biography, is the destruction, in England since 1830, of religious orthodoxy as the essential frame, or even dynamic, of political society. He does…
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When I was in 7th grade, My home ec class made No Bake cookies that were sooo good!All I remember for sure was that they had chocolate and uncooked quaker oats in them.Anyone remember these, or have a similar recipe?TIA, Fabby
KckGirl, Those are exactly the ones I meant! Thank you so much! I remember the peanut butter and the non sweetened cocoa when I looked at the recipe. I hope they are as good as I remember.Cicero, Those look delicious, and I do love oatmeal cookies, I'm sure they will end up being a favorite at my house, thank you!
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News Posts
Cosmic Microwave Background Discovered 50 Years Ago Today
by AMNH on
On May 20, 1964, American radio astronomers Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias were working at the 50-foot-long Horn Antenna in Holmdel, New Jersey, at what was then Bell Telephone Laboratories.
The Discovery of the Pterosaur Tropeognathus
by AMNH on
A few years ago, paleontologist Alexander Kellner examined a fossil that turned out to be the bones of a 27-foot-wingspan pterosaur, Tropeognathus mesembrinus. A model of the pterosaur is on display in the Pterosaurs exhibition, now open.
May 17 and 18: Things to Do at the Museum This Weekend
by AMNH on
So much to see at the Museum this weekend, from Dark Universe to The Power of Poison. And don't miss the free origami how-tos on Sunday.
Archaeologist Elsa Redmond Elected to National Academy of Sciences
by AMNH on
Elsa M. Redmond, a research associate in the Museum's Division of Anthropology, was recently elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Redmond, an anthropological archaeologist whose expertise lies in Latin America, is one of 84 scientists recognized in 2014 for "distinguished and continuing achievements in original research."
Frontiers Lecture: The Cosmic Cocktail
by AMNH on
Neil deGrasse Tyson hosts theoretical astrophysicist Katherine Freese for a discussion of dark matter and the ongoing research to discover its properties.


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The woman with whom I had a relationship really wanted to go see Elvis that spring. Her mother and father had been to see Elvis in the late 1950s, and her mother still talked about it. Elvis was very much a favorite of their family.
I begged off going, citing my conflicting time and priority requirements. "Elvis goes on tour every year," I said. "We can go see him next year! It will be so much more fun when I'm not knee deep in work and school."
I bought a year, but turned out I only needed five months. To the shock of the world, Elvis died at home August 16, 1977. He was only forty two years old. That seems so young, now.
Starting August 16, 1977 until the end of that particular relationship two years thereafter, I heard about the Elvis concert we didn't attend. Not every day. Not every week. Just any time there was a need for that kind of trump card. "You didn't take me to see Elvis!"
I've always been an Elvis fan, from listening to "Love Me Tender" in the mid 1950s until the very end. That voice. That style. That smile. He was all performer. His singing was golden.
Elvis visited East Texas and performed in several small, local venues back in the mid 1950s. A reader by the name of Gordon Reynolds made me aware of that a couple of years ago. There's a website called "Elvis in East Texas" which is full of good information about Elvis and his early performances in our region.
An additional source is a book by Stanley Oberst and Lori Torrance, boasting the title "The Undiscovered King, 1954-1958," which chronicles the 1954-1956 period. Elvis was in Texas about forty percent of that time.
According to Medlin's information, Elvis spent about a year in East Texas, where he performed and recorded - particularly KSIJ radio. Elvis reportedly loved to stretch out on the floor of the recording studio there and read comic books. As early as 1955, Elvis performed in Gilmer, Gaston and Gladewater.
© 2013, Jim "Pappy" Moore, All Rights Reserved.


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Hearst will first air on February 24.
His other soap roles include Whip Jones on THE BOLD AND THE BEAUTIFUL, Alan-Michael Spaulding in GUIDING LIGHT, Matt Clark on THE YOUNG AND THE RESTLESS and Scott Banning in DAYS OF OUR LIVES.
In 2010, Hearst was voted onto the 50 Greatest Soap Opera Actors of All-Time list.
Hearst won two of his Emmys for work on GH.


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By Tiernan Ray
Shares of Apple (AAPL) are up $2.79, or 0.7%, at $427.74, as a raft of analyst this morning offer their final thoughts in advance of the company's fiscal Q3 report due tomorrow afternoon, after the closing bell.
Analysts are modeling $35 billion in revenue and $7.34 per share in profit, versus the company's own forecast for $33.5 billion to $35.5 billion.
Toni Sacconaghi of Bernstein Research reiterates an Outperform rating and a $600 price target, while cutting some estimates, and writing that iPhone inventory last quarter is the wildcard:
We forecast iPhone unit sales of 25.5M (from 25.0M previously; we estimate consensus at ~26.0M-27.0M. We note that iPhone channel inventory is a bit of a wildcard – historically, iPhone channel inventory has never declined by more than 300K units, but unless units decline by 2M+ units, iPhone units will be unprecedentedly high vs. historical levels. We forecast iPhone channel inventory will decline by 1M units, but acknowledge this is a significant wildcard to results. This would suggest sell-through will be ~26.5M. Our estimate is for a 32% sequential unit decline on a sell-in basis and a ~27% decline on a sell-through basis consistent with the historical pattern of sequentially decelerating iPhone sales post launch. Carrier additions, such as T-Mobile on April 12th, along with discounts on the iPhone 4 in certain countries may mitigate some of the typical declines seen at this point in the iPhone's product cycle, as might stronger sales of discounted iPhone 4/4S devices, although the latter would be at lower ASPs, and most likely, lower gross margins. We note every 1M iPhones on a sell-in (reported) basis would change our revenue estimate by ~$600M and EPS by $0.17. Every 100 bp of iPhone gross margin would change our EPS by $0.12.
He models $34.3 billion and raised his EPS estimate a penny to $7.21.
Sacconaghi cut his iPad unit estimate to 17 million from 18 million in advance of an expected refresh.
Regarding gross margin, he writes "We believe that GMs of 36.5% or higher (midpoint of Apple's guidance or higher) will be viewed neutrally to favorably, while GMs below 36.5% will be viewed negatively," while predicting Apple coming in at around 37%, on improved costs and reversal of prior-quarter warranty accrual.
As for the forecast,
Apple's potential Q4 guidance range is huge – ranging possibly from $6 to $10 in EPS – depending on whether any new products begin shipping in the quarter. If guidance is weak, it suggests new products will likely be announced in September or October, contributing to a lull in Q4 sales and EPS.
Citigroup's Glen Yeung this morning reiterates a Neutral rating and a $430 price target, writing that the quarter was probably dominated by a shift in iPhone sales toward the lower-priced 4S model, leading to results below the mid-point of the revenue forecast and below the mid-point of the implied EPS range of $6.66 to $7.42:
He sees a general risk from the move away from high-end smartphones, which will not be entirely offset by improvements in production cost:
We don't argue that as Apple's production experience matures that gross margin ought to improve on a given device. We note, however, that Apple's high product cadence, combined with recent execution issues may obviate these benefits (especially when also considering rising NAND costs y/y). But more importantly, we see margin risk from an increasingly obvious trend away from high- end smartphones and tablets. Our concern is predicated on a combination of: 1) high smartphone saturation levels in developed markets; 2) falling smartphone ASPs; and 3) increasingly elusive smartphone innovation. We see risk to Apple's consensus 2H13 gross margins (36.8%/37.6% vs. Citi 35.9% and 36.3%) and longer-term see risk from further margin degradation.
iPad sales may have been "relatively weak," he thinks, perhaps resulting in just 12 million iPad units versus what he thinks is consensus of 18 million: "production cuts were evident throughout the quarter – our field work suggests Apple cut production of iPad Mini from 8M to 6-7M (10" iPad production was 5M)."
Yeung thinks Q4 will be a problem as well, aggravated by delays in the iPhone 5S: "We believe iPhone 5S has been delayed (due to problems with an integrated driver IC, touch controller chip), impairing volumes for Apple in the September quarter – we model 10M-12M iPhone 5/5S in 4Q13 vs. 16M-18M in 3Q13."
Pacific Crest's Andy Hargreaves reiterates a Sector Perform on the stock, projecting, $33.8 billion in revenue and $7.11 per share in profit, and writing that those numbers will meet the buy side's view, even if below consensus. That's based on sales of perhaps 27.8 million iPhones and 13.5 million iPads, 3.9 million Macs, and 5.7 million iPods.
Hargreaves thinks the stock is set up well if it beats those buy-side numbers:
FQ3 (June) is likely to be the near-term low point for operating profit at Apple. Despite ongoing risks associated with market saturation and diminishing demand for incremental hardware inno- vation, we believe the combination of Apple's high customer retention rates, the upcoming refresh cycle, seasonal strength and potential distribution expansion can stabilize margins and absolute profitability at the company exiting F2013. This should improve investor sentiment around the sustainability of cash flow, which could drive moderate multiple expansion from cur- rent levels. AAPL is trading at the low end of our $430 to $530 12-month fair value estimate, which is based on 4.5x to 6.0x EV/EBITDA (NTM). If margins and absolute profitability stabilize as we expect, we see the potential for upside to the high end of this range.
UBS's Steve Milunovich, reiterating a Buy rating and a $500 price target, raised his forecast to $35.95 billion and $7.60 per share, from a prior $35.12 billion and $7.27 per share. He thinks the company will reassure investors with gross margin "at least in the guided range of 36% to 37%."
Although he shares the concern the iPhone 4S is a greater portion of sales than older units were at previous periods, he is encouraged by last week's report of activations of iPhone by Verizon Communications (VZ), which many analysts had written on Thursday were higher than they had been expecting.
Verizon's activations would indicate a higher number based on its history at about 12% of total phones, but the US is only one-third of Apple phone units and channel inventory was a bit high last quarter.
Writing that "There has been more demand for lower-end phones this cycle, which indicates a maturing US smartphone market," Milunovich cites a survey by Consumer Intelligence Research Partners, which talks to 500 U.S. buyers per quarter, laying out the mix of model numbers over time:
Milunovich is encouraged by data from the same survey showing a rising tide of switchers to iPhone from other devices:
As a percentage of iPhone buyers, those replacing another smartphone brand rose from 25% to 29% to now 34%. Android defectors increased five points sequentially despite the release of new devices such as the HTC (2498TW) One and Samsung [Electronics (005930KS)] Galaxy S4. Apple remains strong at home.
He sees mix shift to iPad mini:
The larger iPad with Retina continues to lose share to the older iPad 2 and the cheaper iPad mini with each about one-third of unit sales. According to the survey, the iPad mini was 33% of iPad sales in the US in the June quarter, slightly up from 30% and 32% the past two periods. There are a number of iPad mix issues to consider, including model, storage capacity, and Wi-Fi-only vs. Wi-Fi+3/4G mix. iPad 2 demand still strong. Often overlooked is the contribution of the older iPad 2, which increased again this quarter to 35%. We attribute this strength to more education buyers in the quarter as well as success in retail and hospitality and to price-conscious buyers not willing to fork over another $100 for a Retina display. Also, price competition from the likes of Amazon may be changing consumer perception of tablet value.
And the MacBook laptop may have produced 4.1 million units in the quarter, with the MacBook Air surging, he thinks:
Laptops increased from 69% of Mac units to 82% this quarter. The MacBook Pro ticked up to 58% of all Mac sales while the recently refreshed MacBook Air with enhanced battery life almost doubled to 25%. The iMac share of desktops jumped to 23% in March following the supply issue and has settled back to 11%. The Air likely has lower margins, but Pro sales leaned toward more expensive models. The configuration mix was toward the low end last period and might be richer when reported.


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It's the newest job search tool. The visual nature of Pinterest, which allows users to create virtual boards onto which they can pin images, is perfect for showing prospective employers what you've done so far.
What a cool post! I don't know how pervasive visual storied resumes will become, but if you are in certain creative and technical fields, this could be right up your alley. Or if you want to stand out in any crowd of job applicants!
These are very creative examples of how job seekers are storifying and visualizing their resumes. You can do this too!
For non-job seekers: think about turning your 'resume' into a visual story that you can use on your "About Us" page, or add it into your printed promo material. It could really make you stand out and be fun to boot!
Are these technically stories? Eh -- maybe yes, maybe no. But at the very least they are using storytelling elements.
Enjoy looking at these and I hope you get lots of great ideas for your resume/bio.


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Hospital farmers' market also welcomes public
June 25—Ruby red strawberries and bright green lettuces were a couple of the offerings at the new Saint Anne's Hospital farmers market, in Fall River, Mass.
The farmers market started Monday and will continue each Monday through the summer from 11:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Located outside the main entrance, the market is open to employees, patients, visitors and the general public.
"We're definitely open to the public," said Susan Oldrid, Saint Anne's vice president of Mission and Community Partnership. "We're trying to promote better health ... and make sure it's accessible to folks."
Employees can take part in the farm's community supported agriculture program, in which they can pre-pay for selected produce and pick it up during the farmers market. They can get a payroll deduction if they'd like to purchase the fresh produce before they get their paycheck.


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Farmingdale State freshman midfielder Jennifer Jung (New Hyde Park, N.Y./Herricks) was named the Skyline Rookie of the Week for women's lacrosse on Monday, March 26th. Farmingdale State College is off to a 2-0 start thanks in part to the outstanding play of the freshman tri-captain. Jung recorded five goals, three assists, eight ground balls and five draw controls as the Rams rolled to a 24-1 victory over Elms. She currently has nine goals and three assists for 12 points in two games.
The Skyline Conference Weekly Reports for all spring sports are announced by the Conference on Mondays. Reports (including players of the week and conference statistics) are available to view on the Skyline website at www.skylineconference.org.


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Seattle Shakespeare Company Announces "Know Thy Self" As the Theme For Its 2013/14 Indoor Season
The Seattle Shakespeare Company's 2013/14 season will include the comedies, Much Ado About Nothing and The Importance of Being Earnest.
Artistic Director George Mount announced the two comedic and two dramatic plays that will make up the Seattle Shakespeare Company's 2013/14 season. Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing will open the season at the Center Theatre, running from October 23-November 17 under Mount's direction. It will be followed by a production of the Shakespearean history Richard II, directed by Rosa Joshi, who will be making her directorial debut with the company. The play will kick off the new year, running from January 8-February 2, 2014. Oscar Wilde's drawing room comedy, The Importance of Being Earnest, will follow with a run from March 19-April 13. Victor Pappas will direct in what will be his Seattle Shakespeare Company debut as well. Shakespeare's King Lear, directed by the returning Sheila Daniels, will conclude the season with a run from April 24—May 11.
Mount claims to have made the season's selections based on the theme, "know thy self." He says, "The stories, themes or characters in each of the four shows next season illustrate either a lack of, or a loss of self-awareness, and in some, the concept could be considered a good piece of advice."
For more information on the Seattle Shakespeare Company, click here.


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Next Terrorist Attack in U.S.
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Senior Member
Join Date: May 2007
Posts: 627
Re: Next Terrorist Attack in U.S.
Shadow wrote:
This is about the time that someone gets sick enough of you that they start compiling all of the meaningless crap that you so graciously manage to post on a 24/7 basis.
They don't have anything better to do with their life? Didn't think so.
You of course beging to have yet another episode and begin to be rather vulgar in your attacks as well as begin threatening other people, mainly though private postings and end up getting banned yet once more.
I'm never vulgar in my attacks. I never threaten anyone. I never privately post anyone.
I thought that it was the gerbil that was up to the task, but I guess not.
None of you are up to the task.
There were a couple of other candidates that I thought would have been doing it by now but I guess you had driven them out by boring them to death.
Everyone is the captain of their own ship.
I could do it myself, but why waste the keystrokes. I imagine that it may be Peter that finaly drives you over the edge. Kind of ironic, you driving yourself over the edge.
You keep talking about not wanting to waste your time, but that's all you do. I never go over the edge. That seems to be the problem, eh, Shadow?
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Isabell Marshall
Isabell Marshall
She was born Aug. 5, 1924 in Salt Lake City to Stanley Waytones and Muriel Knott.
Married William C. Marshall, June 26, 1948 in Salt Lake City; he died May 7, 1979.
Isabell was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. She was an active member of the American Legion Ladies Auxiliary and the 8 and 40. She shared a special love for all animals and will be dearly missed by her family.
Survived by her children, Earl D. Marshall, Forth Worth, Texas; Sandra (Robert) Winn, Magna; Wesley C. Marshall, Price; 12 grandchildren and numerous great-grandchildren.
Preceded in death by her parents, husband, Bill; infant daughter, Darlene; daughter, Jeanett; son, Stanley; and sister, Florence.
Funeral service, Friday, Sept. 23, 2011, 11 a.m., Price North LDS Stake Center, 449 N. 100 E., Price. Family will receive friends Friday morning from 10-10:45 a.m. at the church. Interment, Price City Cemetery.
Arrangements entrusted to Mitchell Funeral Home of Price where friends are welcome to share memories of Isabell online at www.mitchellfuneralhome.net.


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The site just started on social networks. It has 0 facebook likes.
The site receives 1,800 visitors every month, which put its worth at around $ approximately. The website has a good alexa rank of 2,431,758.
Whois Server Version 2.0 No match for "EASTLODGE.NET". The Registry database contains ONLY .COM, .NET, .EDU domains and Registrars.
No IP information found for the website!!


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(RNN) - Auburn (4-1) hosts Murray State at 8 p.m. ET Saturday night. The Tigers offensive punch comes from the guards. Chris Denson is averaging 21 points and KT Harrell is hitting for 18.7 ppg. Seven-footer Asauhn Dixon-Tatum is averaging 7 rebounds per game.
Auburn is coming off an easy home win over Jacksonville State.
The Races have four starters who average double figures. Dexter Fields, 15.8 ppg; Jarvis Williams 15.0; Cameron Payne 13.5 ppg; and Jeffery Moss 12.3 ppg. They are 2-2, with wins over Brescia and Bethel and losses to Valparaiso and Old Dominion. This will be the third weekend in a row they've played on the road.
Copyright 2013 Raycom News Network. All rights reserved.


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Published: 15:59 CEST 01-09-2017 /GlobeNewswire /Source: Middlefield Canadian Income PCC / : MCT /ISIN: GB00B15PV034
Middlefield Canadian Income PCC Net Asset Value
Middlefield Canadian Income PCC
Middlefield Canadian Income - GBP PC
(a protected cell company incorporated in Jersey with registration number 93546)
Net Asset Value
As at the close of business on 31 August 2017 the estimated unaudited Net Asset Value per share was 116.16 pence (including accrued income).
Investments in the Company's portfolio have been valued on a closing price basis.
JTC Fund Solutions (Jersey) Limited
01534 700 000
This announcement is distributed by Nasdaq Corporate Solutions (One Liberty Plaza, 165 Broadway, New York, NY 10006. Tel: +1 212 401 8700. www.nasdaqomx.com) on behalf of NASDAQ OMX Corporate Solutions clients. Source: Middlefield Canadian Income PCC, West Centre, Bath Street, St Helier JE2 4ST, Channel Islands
If you would like to unsubscribe and stop receiving these e-mails click here.


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Introducing JBoss Remotingby John Mazzitelli
Recently, JBoss introduced a new open source remoting framework called JBoss Remoting. It serves as the core framework for the next generation (v5.0) JBoss Application Server (AS) to provide remote services--things like remoting JMX MBeans, remoting EJBs, and so on. JBoss Remoting can also be used as a standalone framework to build network-aware services independent of the JBoss AS.
Considering the plethora of remoting frameworks that already exist (RMI, EJB, web services, et al.), the first question you might ask is, "Why introduce another remoting framework?" The competitive advantage of JBoss Remoting is that it is very lightweight, agnostic to network transport, and easy to extend. It supports a versatile invocation model that is far beyond today's RMI or web services. There is no need to generate and compile a client-side agent for each service. As a result, JBoss Remoting provides the basis for more complex and heavyweight remoting frameworks. For instance, the next generation JBoss web services stack, JBossWS, is based on JBoss Remoting with a custom SOAP data marshaller. Another example is the JBoss AOP Remoting project, which provides clustering features such as request load balancing and failover for remote calls using annotations. JBoss AOP Remoting also supports asynchronous invocation and propagation of both the transaction and security context over the network.
From the user's point of view, JBoss Remoting enables you to very easily design, implement, and deploy services that can be remotely invoked by clients using several different transport mechanisms transparently. It also provides you an efficient way to access existing services in JBoss AS. In this article, we will show you how to get started with JBoss Remoting.
Server-Side API
One of the first things to consider when building your JBoss Remoting service is what your endpoint reference is. In other words, how do clients identify your service in order to connect to it? JBoss Remoting defines the
org.jboss.remoting.InvokerLocator class for this. For all intents and purposes, it is a URL (with some restrictions). Simple yet efficient, the
InvokerLocator will not only identify the endpoint name of your specific service, but also define what transport protocol to use when sending the data (as any URL does). The format of the
InvokerLocator URL is technically:
This isn't a true URL (aside from providing parameter values, there is no identification data beyond the protocol, hostname, and port number), but that is an easy way to think of it. A server will create its
InvokerLocator by passing in the locator URL as a
InvokerLocator myLocator =
new InvokerLocator("socket://mybox:8084");
Note that by doing this, I am indicating that my service will be hosted on the computer
mybox and will be network-aware via a simple TCP/IP socket transport layer listening on port 8084.
InvokerLocator merely indicates where and how clients can connect to the server. The server must create a
Connector and start it in order to actually be live on the network. It does this by creating an
org.jboss.remoting.transport.Connector, associating that
Connector with our
InvokerLocator URL, and then starting the
Connector connector = new Connector();
Once started, the
Connector becomes live and ready to accept connections from clients. The
Connector object is actually a valid JMX MBean, so it can be deployed in JBossAS using the configuration shown below. Note that while some of this XML performs the same function as the Java code above, it also provides additional functionality by defining the configuration of the invocation handler--see the next section for more details on this.
<mbean code="org.jboss.remoting.transport.Connector"
<attribute name="InvokerLocator">
<attribute name="Configuration">
<handler subsystem="SUBSYS">
The question now becomes: what to do with the request when one comes in? That's where invocation handlers come in. When a
Connector accepts an incoming request, it hands off that request to one of its invocation handlers. You plug your service-specific code into the JBoss Remoting framework by implementing
org.jboss.remoting.ServerInvocationHandler and installing that handler into your
Connector. The important method that you need to implement is
ServerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvocationRequest). Within the
invoke method, you perform the work your service actually needs to perform. The
InvocationRequest encapsulates the data sent from the client--the invocation handler obtains the client data via
/** handler to simply echo incoming
parameter's toString value */
public class MyHandler
implements ServerInvocationHandler {
public Object invoke(InvocationRequest invocation) {
return "Echo:" + invocation.getParameter();
JBoss Remoting makes no assumptions about the thread safety of your handler code; it sends requests to your handler as soon as the requests come in. Therefore, to support concurrent request processing, you must make sure you write your handler with thread safety in mind--synchronizing code as necessary, for example.
Installing your invocation handler is simple. Immediately after starting the connector, you add your handlers via
Connector.addInvocationHandler(String, ServerInvocationHandler):
new com.abc.MyHandler());
Connector MBean's handlers can also be configured using the normal JBoss configuration file (see the example above). Note that you may install multiple handlers, which is useful in order to de-multiplex client requests to different subsystems. This article will not discuss subsystems in depth; however, the concept is simple to understand and use--check out the documentation found on the JBoss Remoting product web site for more. Suffice it to say each handler is associated with a subsystem (identified by a simple string). That is, a client can submit requests to a particular subsystem. If you like, you can ignore the subsystem concept entirely: a null subsystem is valid, and some APIs are overloaded such that you do not have to specify a subsystem.
That's basically all that needs to be done on the server side. At this point, you now have a remote service that is live and accepting requests from the network. Your custom code implemented as a
ServerInvocationHandler will be executed once a
Connector receives a request from a client. The JBoss AOP Remoting framework simplifies this process and supports exposing POJO methods as remoting endpoints via annotations.
Client-Side API
We've just discussed how to get a network-aware service started. Now let's create a client that can submit requests to our service. The first thing is to create our
InvokerLocator. Remember, this is the object that identifies the location of our service, as well as describing what transport protocol to use. We do the same thing our server did:
InvokerLocator myLocator =
new InvokerLocator("socket://mybox:8084");
Now that we have our service's locator identified, we can now create a
org.jboss.remoting.Client object:
Client myClient = new Client(myLocator, "SUBSYS");
This is all you need in order to create a client that can be used to locate and connect to a remote service. As a side note, you can now see how a client can direct its request to a particular subsystem. Again, using subsystems isn't required; you can pass in null for the subsystem name or just not pass that parameter in.With our client, we can now remotely invoke our service and obtain its results via the
Client.invoke method:
myClient.invoke("please echo this message back"));
This sends our request object (in this case, a
String) to our remote service and prints out its results.
Callback Basics
So far, we have discussed the basics of how a client can refer to and send a request to remote servers. We also went over how to code up remote servers to accept and process client requests. But note two things:
- The client was forced to block and wait for the server to finish processing the request before it could receive the returned response object. Request processing was handled synchronously.
- The client had no way to listen for asynchronous events that occurred on the server side.
Callbacks allow a client to perform its own tasks while the remote server, in parallel, processes the client's request. Rather than block and wait for the remote server to return a response, a client may simply ask the server to notify or "call back" the client when the server is done. The client may then continue on with additional work that it has to accomplish. When the server finishes processing the request, the server will call back to the client. The callback will contain the response that was the result of the request processing.
Note that this mechanism is not limited to just handling asynchronous client requests. You may have your server utilize callbacks to implement notifications of asynchronous events. Any client interested in knowing about these events may add itself as a listener to those server events. For example, a server might be monitoring the free memory of the JVM in which it is running; if the memory drops to a certain threshold level, it might emit an asynchronous event to all of its listeners to indicate that "memory is running low." Clients may listen for these events in order to help take corrective action or send an email to an administrator, as examples.
JBoss Remoting allows the client to receive callbacks synchronously (via pull callbacks) or asynchronously (via push callbacks). Pull callbacks are synchronous because they require the client to periodically stop what it's doing and poll the server in order to collect the data that are queued up. Push callbacks are asynchronous because the client will be notified immediately when a request has completed processing and the response is available (or in the case of event processing, when an event was triggered). This is analogous to waiting for a piece of snail mail--you can either walk out to your mail box periodically to see if the letter has arrived, or you can just listen for the mailman to ring your door bell when the letter is dropped off.
Server Callback Processing
Remote servers must be prepared to handle callbacks. Whether push or pull, your server implementation code will be the same. The JBoss Remoting framework will deal with handling the differences between push and pull callbacks. When a server has completed a request or wants to send an event notification, it is responsible for informing all of the callbacks:
InvocationRequest callbackInvocationRequest = new
InvocationRequest(null, mySubsystem,
responseObject, // this is your data
null, null, null);
Iterator itr = m_listeners.iterator();
while(itr.hasNext()) {
InvokerCallbackHandler callbackHandler =
(InvokerCallbackHandler) itr.next();
This requires some explanation. Handling a callback will look as if the server is sending an invocation request back to the client (in the case of a push callback, that's exactly what is happening). Thus the need to pass an
org.jboss.remoting.InvocationRequest object to the callback handler's
handleCallback method.
responseObject given to the
InvocationRequest constructor is any
Object that you want to pass to the client callback. This can be the response to the request or, in the case of an event notification, can be the encapsulation of the event data. As a side note: the API to create the callback invocation request will be cleaned up in a future version of JBoss Remoting; there should be no need to pass in so many unused arguments.
m_listeners object is something your server must create and manage. It contains a list of all listeners that the client has added to your server handler. JBoss Remoting's
ServerInvocationHandler interface provides hooks that you use to add and remove listeners to this list (see that interface's
addListener and
removeListener methods).
Pull Callbacks
To use callbacks (push or pull), the client must first implement a callback handler. A callback handler is simply an implementation of the interface
org.jboss.remoting.InvokerCallbackHandler whose job is to process the callback data (for example, the request's response or the event notification).
public class MyCallbackHandler
implements InvokerCallbackHandler {
public void handleCallback(InvocationRequest invocation) {
Object response = invocation.getParameter();
System.out.println("The server returned: " + response);
Once the callback handler has been implemented, you must inform the remote server that you want to use pull callbacks by adding this handler as a listener:
Client client = new Client(myLocator, mySubsystem);
InvokerCallbackHandler callbackHandler =
new MyCallbackHandler();
Passing the handler as the only argument to
Client.addListener() will install the handler on the server as a pull callback handler.
If you plan on using pull callbacks, your client must perform the extra step of polling the server periodically. This, in effect, asks the server to synchronously deliver callback data to the client. Each time the client wants to poll the server, the following call must be made:
List callbacks = client.getCallbacks();
This will obtain all the callbacks that the server has waiting for the client. At this point, the client processes them as it sees fit.
Push Callbacks
Push callbacks require the client itself to be a JBoss Remoting server (called the callback server). This callback server is the same as any JBoss Remoting server. It simply is accessible to the client. The callback server will accept incoming push callbacks asynchronously and process them for the client. We already discussed how to prepare a JBoss Remoting server, so we won't go over it again here. To let the remote server know about our client's callback server, the client merely sends the callback server's
InvokerLocator as a second argument to the
addListener method:
InvokerLocator callbackLocator =
new InvokerLocator(callbackURL);
client.addListener(callbackHandler, callbackLocator);
Listening for callbacks is the same as any server processing. The callback server's
invoke method will accept incoming invocation requests that will contain the callback data. The callback server merely has to process them as usual.
public class MyCallbackServer
implements ServerInvocationHandler {
public void invoke( InvocationRequest invocation ) {
Object response = invocation.getParameter();
System.out.println("The callback data: " + response);
The callback server's
invoke method will have to determine what to do with the incoming data. If this was the asynchronous response to a client request, the client now has confirmation that its request is complete and it has the return value. In the case of an event notification, the client should react to the event as it sees fit.
It should be noted that, due to firewall or NAT issues, it might not be possible for the remote server to actually communicate with this callback server. In this case, pull callbacks would be a solution, since they would not require the remote server to be able to send data to the remote client.
Related Reading
Better, Faster, Lighter Java
Some interesting situations may arise when using push callbacks. For example, the above-mentioned firewall issues. Other examples: what happens if a client sends a second request before the first request's callback response arrives? How do you handle a flood of callback events? Some conditions may be handled easily within your server or client implementations; others may require that the JBoss Remoting framework help out. For discussions on these more advanced topics, you are encouraged to participate on the JBoss user forums.
Hopefully, what you take away from all of this is the ease of use that JBoss Remoting provides when developing remote services and the clients that use them. The more complex programming model of RMI has been stripped away, leaving only the bare essentials required to define a service and its client. It is important to note that, while the complexity of the RMI programming model is gone, JBoss Remoting is able to use RMI as a transport protocol. You simply change your invoker location to use the protocol
rmi: as opposed to
socket:. In the future, additional transport protocols will be made available, and will be just as easily swappable. You can also write your own transport protocols.
Note that JBoss Remoting also provides other features not touched upon in this article, specifically the ability for remote servers to register on a replicated Network Registry and for clients to perform auto-discovery of those remote servers found on the network. The documentation that ships with the current release of JBoss Remoting covers these in some detail and include sample code for you to study.
- Download the JBoss Remoting software, sample code, and documentation
- A Flash demo of JBoss Remoting
- Clustering feature using JBoss AOP Remoting
Note: The first annual JBoss users' conference will be held at the Omni/CNN Center, March 1-2, 2005, in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. www.jboss.com/company/events/jbossworld2005
John Mazzitelli is a developer for JBoss, a division of Red Hat, currently focusing on the implementation of the JBoss Operations Network management platform.
Return to ONJava.com.


text:
Want to remind yourself or a friend about this program? Fill out this simple form and klru will email you a reminder on the day that it will air.
The Timejumpers
series: Bluegrass Underground
air date: 2/02/13 2:30 AM
Nashville's hottest ticket isn't the Grand Ole Opry but Monday nights at the tiny Station Inn with this all-star, 11-piece western swing outfit. With lead vocals provided by Dawn Sears, Kenny Sears, Vince Gill and two-time Grammy-winner "Ranger Doug" Green, this band features Music City's instrumental A-list, including Paul Franklin on pedal steel, Dennis Crouch on bass, three world-champion fiddlers and accordion master Jeff Taylor, with Gill and session ace Andy Reiss swapping guitar duties.
WARNING: Email reminders for this program have already been sent out. Your reminder may not reach the intended address in time for this program's airing.
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text:
Red Devils pin Panthers, advance to 2A dual final
It might have been Valentine's Day on Thursday, but there was certainly no love lost between Newton-Conover and Piedmont on the wrestling mat.
After matching up in the 2A dual team state playoffs three-straight years and losing each time, the Red Devils finally managed to knock out the rival Panthers to advance to Saturday's 2A dual team championship match.
To read more of this story, pick up the Friday edition of Catawba County's community newspaper, The Observer News Enterprise, at newsstands throughout the county.


text:
ROCK ISLAND – York graduate and Augustana senior linebacker Erik Westerberg was named to the firs team defense on the USA Football preseason NCAA Division III All-American team.
Westerberg, a second team CoSIDA/Capital One Academic All-American in 2012 for the second year in a row, ranked 14th in the nation in Division III with 118 total tackles. That number was also tops in the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin to mark the second year in a row Westerberg led the conference in tackles.
In addition, Westerberg won the CCIW "Defensive Player of the Year" award, the first time an Augustana player has won the award since 2005.


text:
After a foggy, cloudy start, the Tampa Bay area will see comfortable temperatures before a warming trend brings temperatures into the low-80s by mid-week.
Commuters may encounter a foggy drive this morning, especially in inland inland areas, before skies News Channel 8 meteorologist Bryan Bennett said.
Highs today will reach the low-70s once the fog burns off later this morning, but under cloudy skies.
The clouds should clear by sunset.
Lows tonight will drop to the mid- to upper-50s, and with highs Tuesday in the mid- to upper-70s under partly cloudy skies.


text:
Michael Warren is an editorial assistant at The Weekly Standard.
After several months of bipartisan gangs, presidential commissions and summits, and rhetoric from leadership, the Senate has still not passed a budget resolution. And even more meetings at the White House about budget deficits this week mean the delay continues. Finally, though, there seems to be some progress: Senate Democrats finally have a budget proposal that most of the caucus seems to be satisfied with.
According to the Hill, Senate Budget Committee chairman Kent Conrad (D-ND) presented a proposal to the Democratic caucus today that contains an even split of spending cuts and tax hikes:
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) said "$4 trillion is a number that has been floated around here because that's what the Bowles-Simpson deficit reduction plan came up with," making reference to the fiscal commission established by President Obama.
"We're looking at large amounts of money that we have to work toward saving," said Reid. "But it can't all be done by cutting domestic discretionary spending."
Reid said "what Sen. Conrad presented to the caucus today is 50-50", when asked about what should be the ratio of spending cuts to tax increases.
Conrad's first draft budget, which he said "borrowed" from the president's National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, was apparently not well received among Democratic caucus members last week. This retooled plan, however, seems more to the Democrats' liking.
So whither the so-called "Gang of Six"? Since March, the Gang, which contains three senators from each side, including Conrad, has been trying to reach a budget agreement based on the fiscal commission's plan. Conrad's "50-50" plan is a departure from the fiscal commission, which recommended fewer tax increases. The even split appears to be a concession to Budget Committee member and self-professed socialist Bernie Sanders (D-VT), who told the Hill that, at a "minimum," half of the reduction of the deficit should come from increases in tax revenues.
If a "50-50" budget requires $2 trillion in tax increases over the next decade, it's likely going to take a lot more than repealing the Bush tax cuts on the wealthiest Americans, which, according to the White House's numbers from its FY2011 proposal, would only reduce the deficit by around $700 billion. This means tax hikes on the middle class, such as an increase in the federal gas tax as recommended by the fiscal commission, are most certainly on the table. Such a proposal could pass the Budget Committee, but would the Democratic senators seeking reelection next year vote for a budget that would necessarily raise taxes on the middle class?
Besides, while an even split between tax increases and spending cuts might satisfy liberal Democrats in the Senate, historical evidence shows that among developed countries facing severe debt crises, those that cut more in expenditures than they raised in taxes were on average more successful in winding down their debt. And while the details of the "50-50" budget haven't been released, it's unlikely the $2 trillion in spending would address the largest spending driver of our debt--Medicare.


text:
'Sorcerer's Apprentice' and the tricky nature of box-office magic
John Horn covers film and the film industry for the Los Angeles Times and Friday he looked at "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" and Disney's struggle to make magic with the film, which opened this week.
When star Nicolas Cage, producer Jerry Bruckheimer and director Jon Turteltaub collaborate on movies about secret societies hidden in plain sight, the results have been remarkable: Their first two "National Treasure" movies grossed more than $800 million combined around the world, and Disney is developing another sequel that could start filming early next year.
But before the triumvirate commits to a third "National Treasure" film, they face the challenge of launching "The Sorcerer's Apprentice," a family-friendly adventure tale about a centuries-old magicians battle in modern-day Manhattan. While several PG-rated movies have performed exceptionally well this summer ( "The Karate Kid," "Shrek Forever After" and, in its first week, "Despicable Me"), the $150-million "Sorcerer's Apprentice" opens opposite director Christopher Nolan's "Inception," which premieres Friday and so far is generating much stronger audience interest and critical notices.
In an attempt to improve the prospects for "The Sorcerer's Apprentice," which arrived in theaters on Wednesday, Disney, in an unusual move, revamped the film's marketing campaign just days before its release, including switching the film's tag line in some advertisements from "It's the coolest job ever" to "There's no such thing as no such thing."
The studio also bumped the movie's release date from Friday to Wednesday to get ahead of "Inception," which should win the weekend by a wide margin. In fact, "Sorcerer's Apprentice" will struggle to top "Despicable Me" for second place on the charts. It's the first Disney sales campaign overseen by M.T. Carney, who joined the studio in April following a career as a brand marketer with no background in movie promotions.
Bruckheimer, whose first summer release, "Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time," did only moderate business domestically (grossing $89 million in North America, but more than $236 million overseas), says that though he's usually nervous about his films — "I always expect the worst and hope for the best" — he concedes the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" marketing effort hasn't unfolded perfectly. "We weren't getting much traction with what was out there," he says …
— John Horn
Depp: "There's a crack in my enthusiasm" for "Pirates" 4
Jerry Bruckheimer soaks in summer…and plans for"Pirates"
Is the "Pirates" franchise sailing into rough waters?
Ahoy matey: Johnny Depp stuns D23 fans
Surprised author Tim Powers finds himself aboard "Pirates" ship
Is Clooney-Depp the best team for "Lone Ranger"?
Jake Gyllenhaal turned down the lead in "Avatar"
Jerry Bruckheimer meets the fanboys
Gyllenhaal: I'd like to go back in time and watch my birth
Disney and Marvel look for a heroic future together
Keith Richards and Johnny Depp talk like pirates
Upper photo: Nicolas Cage in "The Sorcerer's Apprentice." Credit: Disney
Lower photo: Johnny Depp in December 2007. Credit: Liz O. Baylen / Los Angeles Times
Clicking on Green Links will take you to a third-party e-commerce site. These sites are not operated by the Los Angeles Times. The Times Editorial staff is not involved in any way with Green Links or with these third-party sites.


text:
About jayc
time warner is NOT customer friendly at all! Plus they employee workers in Pakistan, Caribbean and the phillipines. I am trying to speak to a live person and have now spoken to a worker in those countries and had to listen to 2 different automated computers. No one can get me to a local rep. It is not about the all mighty dollar TWC it is about CUSTOMER SERVICE AND you HAVE FORGOTTEN HOW to be a friendly provider!


text:
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Here's the story. . . . Very classy of Dame Helen.
Quote from: Bellantara on May 22, 2013, 01:09:36 PMHere's the story. . . . Very classy of Dame Helen.That hyperlink doesn't work, courtesy of our filter. The address is http://CRUD MONKEYS!.yahoo.com/blogs/celeb-news/helen-mirren-grants-boy-dying-wish-having-tea-155902306.html, and you have to replace "CRUD MONKEYS!" with "o m g" (no spaces) in order to actually get to the story.
Page created in 0.203 seconds with 18 queries.


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Isn't CitiBank the bunch who decided they can freeze anybodies account for seven days, anytime they decide to?
Fine fellows to do business with.
So you mean they can get 7 days free interest out of you and make it a royal hassle to leave. Sounds like a great company to do business with.
Citibank is the bunch that *can* require seven days time for you to CLOSE out the account. They did not say they freeze accounts and anytime.
Argh why am i responding to Anon...
They *can* put a 7 day hold on *any* withdrawal they like.
Only I knew If I could make some truthful disparaging blogs about Citibank and all the trouble I had they would have canceled my mortgage.
You post one side of some obscure blog's events, and this is front page news?!! Of course there must be more details to this, but we wouldn't get it from this lame submission.
I can't even see how this issue is really relevant to nerds here. There's no tech connection, no connection to anything really.
Yeah sure, an international conglomerate swinging it's weight around and closing a *website* because of "objectionable content" is hardly news and has nothing to do with technology at all.
You do know that websites run on computers right? And since when did nerds not care about censorship? Especially censorship by a corporation.
You post one side of some obscure blog's events, and this is front page news?!! Of course there must be more details to this, but we wouldn't get it from this lame submission.
I can't even see how this issue is really relevant to nerds here. There's no tech connection, no connection to anything really.
The "obscure blog" is a gay blog with lots of funding, and major backers.
Also, a recent survey of high school students found that more than 10% identified themselves as one form or another of "transgender
God, the tech connection is that its on the Internet, so it must be news for nerds.
And also, CmdrTaco didn't really post this story, Timothy or kdawson stole his password used his account to post this story.
Bank does something inexplicable and/or dumb. Film at 11. They already unblocked the account and are doing a "review" of the site apparently. This will probably amount to nothing and they'll simply leave the account open. Wake me if something interesting happens.
Wake you? No, I think we would rather draw a mustache on your face and put your hand in a bowl of warm water.
They've already reviewed it and apologized: http://blog.fabulis.com/post/411481294/citi-we-said-what [fabulis.com]
contained questionable content
What's wrong with being a webcartoonist?
Have you ever met Randy Milholland? You'd never ask that question again.
It could as well be a marketing ploy to get more eyeballs to the website. Did this really (I mean really???) happen. Can someone independent confirm this?
Not that it is a tech story anyways.
If you do not want to do business with someone there are better ways of handling this than locking someone's account without telling them.
The conspiracy theory nut in me wonders if there was the company CEO's buddy in CitiBank who was willing to part with their job in exchange for doing this. I mean, this is a godsend to a yet another social network site doomed to failure - to create news outrage among its target audience weeks before launch - you bet every gay rights group will be talking about this. You can't pay enough for this sort of a publicity.
Conspiracy theory nut...inside job?
Really? This is the title you're going to with this as your subject title considering what's being discussed?
I went to their blog, they just seem to sell t-shirts with the name of their site on them. Did anyone find any content that could be considered questionable? I was going to say "porn makers use banks too", but maybe they rape babies or something and I missed it.
These are my rules of a bank that I will not have business with:
These are all highly immoral and in my eyes illegal concepts.
Which is why I will found my own gold/silver-based currency and bank for my big game project, and legally allow using it outside of the game. (But will disallow any of the above behaviors.)
All laws are simulations of reality. -- John C. Lilly


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Rangers disappointed in way Hamilton talks ended
By T.R. Sullivan / 12/13/12 5:23 PM ET
FORT WORTH, Texas -- Rangers president Nolan Ryan showed up at the club's annual holiday luncheon with a hoarse voice and feeling under the weather. It was suggested that the news of Zack Greinke signing with the Dodgers made him ill.
"That put me over the edge," Ryan said. "It started at [the Winter Meetings in] Nashville and went down from there."
The luncheon didn't make him or the Rangers feel any better. Instead general manager Jon Daniels, just after giving reporters a perfunctory briefing, was informed by agent Michael Moye that outfielder Josh Hamilton was signing with the Angels.
The news caught the Rangers by surprise. They had been engaged in on-going negotiations with Moye and were operating under the assumption that Hamilton would give them the last chance.
That did not happen, and the Rangers clearly weren't happy.
"Our full expectation was that the phone call was going to be before he signed, certainly not after and giving us an idea," Daniels said after hearing the news. "Josh had indicated recently, last week, he told us he felt it might be time to move on, but that we were still talking. I'm not going to get in to the reason, technically, why. I thought we had additional conversations this week that had moved it along in a positive direction. Apparently not."
Hamilton agreed to a five-year, $125 million deal, although the Angels have not yet announced the deal. It brings to an end Hamilton's five-year stay with the Rangers. He was acquired five years ago in a trade from the Reds.
"It's business, and everybody has to make their own calls and he has a family to look out for," Daniels said. "I get it. Josh has done a lot for the organization, the organization has done a lot for Josh -- a lot of things that aren't public and things of that nature. I'm a little disappointed in how it was handled, but he had a decision to make and he made it."
Hamilton had said publicly he wanted to stay in Texas and the Rangers made it clear they would be willing to make a competitive offer. But, in the end, he decided to sign with their division rivals, joining former teammate C.J. Wilson.
"We had talked to them about a concept in Nashville," Daniels said. "It wasn't a final offer, but it was an idea of something we wanted to do. But we also indicated we would do something different and respond. My sense is that they had a deadline and accepted the deal."
The news was the latest setback for the Rangers, who have not been able to land their primary targets of the offseason. Greinke was one. He went down to the end trying to choose between the Rangers and Dodgers, and decided to pitch in Los Angeles.
The Rangers were also unable to swing a deal with the Rays for pitcher James Shields because they refused to give up infielder Jurickson Profar, and they couldn't get outfielder Justin Upton from the D-backs because they would not trade shortstop Elvis Andrus. But they thought they could bring Hamilton back.
"You hope and plan at improving the ballclub," Ryan said. "We're working toward that goal. It hasn't happened the way we hoped, but we still we have a good ballclub and we're still in good position. We're not under any pressure to make moves. If there is a way to improve the ballclub within our budget, we'll do it."
Hamilton is the second Arlington icon to depart the Rangers in less than a week. Last Saturday, the Rangers traded infielder Michael Young to the Phillies for reliever Josh Lindblom and Minor League pitcher Lisalverto Bonilla.
The Rangers strength right now is still a starting rotation that includes Matt Harrison, Yu Darvish, Derek Holland and Alexi Ogando. The fifth starter spot is still open, with left-hander Martin Perez and right-hander Justin Grimm as the leading internal candidates.
But Daniels also revealed that the Rangers will consider moving left-handed reliever Robbie Ross to the rotation. He was a starter in the Minor Leagues before making the club as a reliever last spring.
"He can do either one," Daniels said. "He wants to start. If he gets that opportunity, he'd be excited about it."
Daniels said that may not happen this year if the Rangers can add a fifth starter. Kyle Lohse, Anibal Sanchez and Joe Saunders are among the best available on the free-agent market, and the Rangers still have interest in trading for Mets pitcher R.A. Dickey if he is available.
But Daniels also admitted the Rangers could go with what they have right now and wait until after the season starts to see if they can do better. What's available at the July 31 Trade Deadline may be better than their options now.
"That's a possibility," Daniels said. "That's something we've considered. We feel like these guys are quality options. In a perfect world, you'd like to give them more time. But things happen. We like our players. We may give them a chance."
The offense is still a concern. With Hamilton gone, the Rangers have an outfield of David Murphy in left, Nelson Cruz in right and a potential platoon of Leonys Martin and Craig Gentry in center.
The infield starts with Adrian Beltre at third and Andrus at shortstop. The Rangers are planning on Profar being their starting second baseman with Ian Kinsler at first, leaving Mitch Moreland and Mike Olt as a possible platoon at designated hitter. The biggest decision will be if the Rangers are committed to moving Kinsler from second to first.
"We talked to him early in the offseason and again more recently," Daniels said. "There are different ways to go depending on how it all falls. But there is a reasonable chance we could ask him to do that."
If the Rangers want to upgrade their offense, they could still pursue Nick Swisher. He is a free agent who is a switch-hitter who can DH, play first base or one of the corner outfield spots. They would also like to upgrade their bullpen, and they continue to address their catching season.
There is still plenty of time in an offseason devoid of headlines. The most sobering news is their best all-around player is signing with one of their division rivals.
"They were a great team on paper beforehand," Daniels said. "They're a great team on paper now. They're going to be very good."
"We talked all along that we want to play some of our own guys. We were hoping to do it alongside Josh. I like the ideas of the young players playing with some of our established guys. We staff a very good nucleus, but it is what it is. He's a big part of the club the last few years and now he's on the other side."
At least one person is thrilled with news.
Wilson tweeted Thursday, "It's a great day to be an Angels fan."


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Mark and Steve are begining to move the squid into position and slide it into the lifting cradle (from the grave into the cradle?) assisted by some of Steve O'Shea's students from AUT. We'll trial the lifting equipment, but will not do the actual lift until after lunch.
The Squid weighs about 495kgs so it's not easily moved. They have to be very careful when moving it as even though the formalin has made it tougher, the flesh is easily ripped.
Anyone know what 495kgs are in pounds for our North American watchers?