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Extension > Garden > Commercial fruit and vegetable production > Growing garlic in Minnesota
Growing garlic in Minnesota
On this page
- Introduction
- Varieties
- Soils
- Fertilizer requirements
- Planting
- Mulching
- Irrigation
- Removal of scapes
- Weed control
Garlic (Allium sativum L.), a member of the onion family, has been cultivated for thousands of years and is widely used for both its culinary and medicinal attributes. As Americans have become more accustomed to garlic flavor and knowledgeable about the many health benefits of eating garlic, popularity of this crop has increased.
Most garlic in the U.S. is grown in the mild climate of northern California. Varieties adapted to mild climates and then grown in cold climates often do not perform well and usually develop a very "hot" flavor. Garlic is an adaptable species, however, and over thousands of years, varieties have been selected that grow well in cold climates, often with better garlic flavor than the varieties grown in mild climates.
Recent demand for high-quality garlic has prompted an interest in growing garlic for niche markets in the upper Midwest. With wholesale prices of fresh garlic between $2 and $4 per pound, and average yields of 8000 - 10,000 lbs. per acre, the potential for improving farm profitability is significant.
This publication provides guidelines for growing garlic in cold climates. The major areas addressed include variety selection, soils, cultural practices, pest management, harvesting, and storage.
Over the many years of selection and cultivation, garlic has lost the ability to produce fertile seeds and, in some varieties, flower stalks and flowers are not even formed. Despite the fact that true garlic seeds cannot be easily produced, there are many different varieties from which to choose. These varieties have been selected over the years, presumably as the result of random mutations.
Garlic varieties are broadly classified into two main categories: hardneck and softneck.
Slide 1. Hardneck garlic showing bulb, leaves, and scape plant parts.
Hardneck varieties (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon) produce a flower stalk, or, technically, a scape, and are often termed "topsetting" or "bolting" varieties." The assumption is that they are most closely related to wild garlic. Flowers, if they are produced, usually abort and form "bulbils" instead. These are small, aerial cloves that have the same genetic make-up as the mother plant. They can be used for propagation, but the bulbs that are formed from bulbils are usually small the first year after planting. Two or three years are required before marketable bulbs are produced from bulbils. They are, however, an economical way to increase seed stock. Typically, hardneck garlic varieties have four to 12 cloves surrounding the flower stalk. Because of the hard flower stalk, they are difficult to braid. Another disadvantage of hardneck varieties is that they do not store well and may either start to form roots or start to dry out within a few months after harvest.
Softneck varieties (Allium sativum var. sativum), sometimes referred to as "Artichoke" varieties, do not produce a seed stalk. These are among the varieties that are commonly used in California for commercial mass production. There are, however, some softneck varieties that are suitable for cold climates. Softneck varieties are considered to be the most domesticated varieties due to minimal flower stalk and bulbil production. They are generally more productive than hardnecks because all the energy goes to producing a bulb rather than a bulb and flower stalk. Each bulb generally contains between 10 to 40 cloves arranged in multiple layers somewhat like an artichoke. Softneck garlic generally has a much longer shelf life than hardneck garlic and typically can be stored for six to eight months without significant deterioration. They also are easy to braid.
Varietal characteristics can vary tremendously from one location to another, complicating variety selection. Climate can have a significant impact on garlic flower stalk formation as well as garlic taste. For example, a variety may be considered a softneck in one location, but in other locations it may produce a flower stalk. Occasionally, only a partial flower stalk is produced and bulbils will form directly above the bulb. Since there is no standardization, some garlic seed producers will rename particular varieties, leading to more confusion. It is best to try out several different varieties for a few years and select those that do best in your area. Characteristics of a few selected varieties when grown in colder climates are described below. For more information on varieties, refer to "Growing Great Garlic" and the "Supplement to Growing Great Garlic" by R. Engeland. Garlic seed may be purchased from various vendors listed at the end of this publication.
Softneck varieties
- Inchellium Red - Large bulbs and vigorous, mild garlic taste, difficult to peel.
- New York White - Often has purple streaks; may partially or completely bolt, when bolting occurs, bulb size is smaller.
- Susanville - Stores well; large size in mild climates, but is usually smaller than New York White under Minnesota conditions.
Hardneck varieties
- German Red - Often referred to as a "Rocambole" type, one of the most popular hardnecks for cold climates, large cloves usually 10 to 15 per bulb, prone to double cloves, flower stalk initially forms tight curls and then straightens out.
- Merrifield Rocambole - A New York selection that has performed well in Minnesota, similar to German Red except bulbs tend to be slightly larger, prone to double cloves.
- Spanish Roja - A northwest U.S. selection highly recommended by Filaree Farms, good garlic taste and yield.
- Asian Tempest - Genetically more similar to softnecks, but has characteristics of a hardneck.; not quite as productive as German Red; usually four to eight large cloves per bulb; flower stalks do not curl; bulbils are much larger than those produced on German Red.
Note: Elephant garlic is not a true garlic, but is actually a type of leek, Allium ampeloprasum. It can grow much larger than true garlic with each bulb of five to six cloves weighing as much as one pound. The taste of elephant garlic is much milder than true garlic, and in cold climates can develop a sharp or bitter taste.
Garlic grows best on well-drained soils high in organic matter. Sandy loam or loam soils have the most ideal texture for garlic. Drought or excessively wet conditions will reduce yields and marketable bulbs. Use of a green manure crop such as buckwheat tilled in a few weeks before planting is recommended to improve soil physical properties. Well-composted manure applied and incorporated at a rate of 20 tons to 30 tons per acre has also been shown to be ideal as a soil amendment, especially on low organic matter soils. The optimum soil pH for garlic is between 6 and 7. Liming is recommended if the pH is less than 5.8. Rates to apply should be based on soil test recommendations. Prior to planting, soils should be well tilled to provide a loose growing bed for bulb growth.
Fertilizer requirements
Slide 2. Nitrogen deficient garlic. Note symptoms of pale yellow leaves.
Slide 3. Nitrogen sufficient garlic. Note dark green leaves.
Garlic has a moderate to high demand for nitrogen. Recommendations for nitrogen are based on previous crop and organic matter content (Table 1). Reduce recommended rates of nitrogen by: 70 lb. N/A if the previous crop is alfalfa, 40 lb. N/A if the previous crop is clover, and 20 lb. N/A if the previous crop is soybean or peas. About one-quarter to one-third of the recommended N should be broadcast and incorporated in early fall before planting ; suggested N sources at this time include either ammonium sulfate, urea, or blood meal. The remainder of the N should be topdressed as ammonium nitrate or blood meal in the spring after shoots are 4 inches to 6 inches tall. Avoid N applications after the first week in May since bulbing may be delayed. If manure or compost has been applied, be sure to take credit for the nutrient value of these amendments. Obtaining a nutrient analysis of these organic amendments before application is strongly recommended. Symptoms of nitrogen deficiency include a yellowing of older leaves and leaf tips, general yellowing of the plant, poor vigor, and low yields. Comparison of nitrogen deficient and nitrogen sufficient plants is shown in slides 2 and 3.
Table 1. Nitrogen recommendations for garlic.
|------------------------------------------------------------ Soil organic matter level (O.M.)1 ------------------------------------------------------------
|Organic soil
|------------------------------------------------------------------------ N to apply (lb/A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
|1 Low = less than 3.1% O.M.
medium = 3.1-4.5% O.M.
high= 4.6-19% O.M.
Organic soil = greater than 19% O.M.
Phosphorus and potassium
Soil tests should be taken before planting to determine phosphorus and potassium needs. Recommendations for phosphorus based on a soil test are provided in Table 2. Use the Bray P1 test if soil pH is 7.4 or less and use the Olsen test if soil pH is greater than 7.4. Recommendations for potassium based on a soil test are provided in Table 3. All P and K fertilizers should be incorporated before planting. Symptoms of P deficiency include dark green to purple leaves and stunted growth. Symptoms of K deficiency include marginal scorching of the older leaves.
Table 2. Phosphorus recommendations for garlic.
|------------------------------------------------------------------ Soil test P level (ppm) ------------------------------------------------------------------
|Bray P1
|Olsen P
|-------------------------------------------------------------------- P2O5 tp apply (lb/A) --------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3. Potassium recommendations for garlic.
|------------------------------------------------------------------- Soil test K level (ppm) -----------------------------------------------------------------
|---------------------------------------------------------------------- K2O to apply (lb/A) --------------------------------------------------------------------
Calcium, magnesium and sulfur
Calcium and magnesium may be low in acid soils. The need for these elements usually can be met by following lime recommendations. Sulfur is a major constituent of compounds believed to be involved with the medicinal qualities of garlic. Yield responses to sulfur additions are not common in garlic, but there is active interest in determining how sulfur fertilizers may affect garlic flavor and medicinal compounds.
Garlic response to micronutrients has not been reported in Minnesota. Addition of compost or other types of organic amendments will help to ensure that micronutrient supplies are adequate.
Use tissue analysis to help diagnose any suspected nutrient deficiencies and fine-tune a fertilizer program. Sufficiency ranges of the most recently matured leaf sampled at initial bulbing from high yielding garlic plants are presented in Table 4.
Table 4. Nutrient sufficiency ranges in the most recently matured leaf of garlic sampled at initial bulbing.
Many garlic varieties are susceptible to yellow tips. This disorder can occur even in the presence of adequate fertility. Unless the yellow tips occur early in the season (before bulbing), the disorder does not appear to have a drastic effect on yield. Yellow tips early in the season are usually a sign of water or nutrient stress or disease (see below).
Since true seeds are not produced by the garlic plant, cloves of the bulb are used for propagation. Garlic seedcloves for first time growers can be purchased as bulbs from local garlic growers or garlic seed producers who distribute nationally. Established growers usually save about 15 percent to 20 percent of their crop for planting the subsequent year. Depending on quantity ordered and variety, the price of garlic seedcloves can range from $3 to $20 per pound. Planting cloves from garlic purchased at the grocery store is not recommended; this garlic, primarily softneck varieties mainly adapted to mild climates, is usually stored at temperatures not conducive for proper bulb formation.
Time of planting is critical since both optimum shoot and bulb development require a cold treatment. Garlic in Minnesota should be planted in the fall - usually within one to two weeks after the first killing frost (32 degrees Fahrenheit). In northern Minnesota, planting during the third to fourth week of September is recommended, while in southern Minnesota planting around the first or second week of October is recommended. Ideally, roots should be developing and shoots should be emerging from the clove but not above the soil at the time of the first hard freeze (28 degrees Fahrenheit). Garlic shoots will emerge from the ground in late March or early April. Unless given a proper cold treatment prior to planting, garlic planted in the spring will often produce weak shoots and poorly developed bulbs. Lack of scape development in hardneck garlic and bulbing in all garlic is usually due to an inadequate cold treatment.
Slide 4. Fused garlic bulbs as a result of planting a double clove.
Spacing depends on a number of factors. Close spacing results in high yield but smaller bulbs, while spacing farther apart will result in lower total yields but larger bulbs. Generally, cloves planted in double row beds 30 inches apart on center and six inch spacing within and between rows in the beds results in good bulb size and yield (figure 1). Some growers will plant four to five row beds on 3 ft. to 4 ft. centers with six-inch spacing; however, plants in the middle of the bed will compete for light and nutrients, which may result in smaller bulbs than for those on the edge of the bed. Other options include single rows spaced 30 inches apart and cloves spaced six inches apart within the row. This wide spacing between rows allows for easy mechanical cultivation for weed control. Typically, yields of garlic planted in double rows 30 inches apart will range from three tons to five tons per acre. Higher yields can be attained with closer spacing and the use of herbicides to control weeds.
Slide 5. Garlic plant that results from a clove planted upside down.
The amount of garlic to purchase will depend on the area to be planted, spacing, and variety. Some varieties have more plantable cloves per bulb than others. Generally, there are about 50 cloves per pound of cloves. Therefore, garlic spaced at six inches within a row 100 feet in length will require approximately four pounds of cloves or four to five pounds of bulbs. Generally, seedcloves from one pound of garlic bulbs will yield between four and eight pounds of harvestable bulbs. This will also vary, of course, with growing conditions and variety.
Individual cloves should be separated from the bulb the day of or up to two days before planting. Cloves separated for longer than two days tend to dry out. Generally, larger cloves from larger bulbs will produce the largest bulbs. In some varieties, large cloves may be actually two cloves fused together, known as a "double." These doubles will produce two bulbs that become flattened as they grow together. The result is less marketable, poorly shaped bulbs. Double cloves are more prevalent in certain hardneck varieties, such as German Red and other Rocambole types, compared to softneck varieties.
Cloves should be planted with the pointed side up. Cloves planted upside down will develop a curved shoot that results in misshapen bulbs. The base of the clove should be planted two to three inches below the soil surface. For small acreage, cloves are generally planted by hand. Large commercial growers in California use mechanical planters.
Slide 6. Severe cold injury in early spring.
Slide 7. Symptoms of multiple shoots following cold damage in early spring.
Slide 8. Poor bulb development following cold damage in early spring.
Slide 9. Mulched garlic planting in early June.
Garlic roots and shoots can tolerate freezing conditions provided that sudden drops in temperature do not occur. Therefore, after planting, rows should be covered with a three-inch to four-inch layer of weed seed-free straw mulch to moderate soil temperatures and minimize excessively fluctuating temperatures in the winter and early spring. This mulch also will help control weeds during the growing season.
Mulch should be removed in the spring after the threat of hard freezes is over, generally the second week of April. Garlic shoots can tolerate air temperatures as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit without damage. Plant death, multiple shoots, and poor bulb development may occur if bulbs and shoots are exposed to temperatures below 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Some growers remove the mulch completely in the spring to allow the soil to warm faster, then return the mulch after the shoots are about six inches tall; others will leave the mulch in the between-row areas. In cool springs, complete removal of the mulch may be beneficial.
Garlic has a relatively shallow root system and is sensitive to dry soil conditions. The amount of water to apply will depend on soil type. Irrigation is essential on sandy soils and may be beneficial in some years on finer textured soils. Enough irrigation should be provided so that the available water holding capacity does not drop below about 50 percent. The most critical stage for irrigation is during bulbing (end of May to mid July). Lack of irrigation or rainfall during this stage will result in smaller bulbs and earlier maturity. Irrigation should be stopped about two weeks before harvest to avoid stained bulb wrappers and diseases.
A soil's available water holding capacity (AWHC ) can be obtained from the local Soil and Water Conservation District office or county soil survey. Table 5 shows AWHC estimations for some typical soil textures in Minnesota.
Table 5. Available Water Holding Capacities for several Minnesota soils.
|Soil texture
|Available water holding capacity
|In. per inch of soil
|In. per foot of soil
|Loamy fine sand
|Sandy loam
|Silt loam
|Clay loam
Soil Water Monitoring. Two common ways of estimating soil water deficit to help schedule irrigation are: 1) soil water tension with soil moisture sensors and, (2) the feel and appearance method with the soil probe.
Soil water tension can be monitored at given point in the active root zone by electrical resistant moisture blocks or tensiometers. Soil tension or suction is a measurement usually expressed in centibars, and describes how tightly water is held to the soil particles.
The amount of soil water deficit for a given tension reading can be estimated by the use of Table 6 if the soil texture is known. Tensiometers directly read soil tension between 0 and 80 centibars, and work best in sandy loam or lighter textured soils. Resistance blocks, although slightly less accurate than tensiometers, work in a wider range of soil textures. Some types are as accurate in coarser textured soils as tensiometers.
To obtain representative soil tension readings with any sensor type, it should be installed and left throughout the irrigation season, preferably at two or more locations in the field. Two depths are generally desired at each location. These depths should be about one-third and two-thirds of the active root zone, or at around six-inch and 12-inch depths.
Table 6. Soil water deficit estimates for different soil textures and selected tensions.
|Soil texture
|----------------------------------------------------- Soil tension in centibars -----------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------ Soil water deficit - inches per foot of soil ------------------------------------------
|Coarse sands
|Fine sands
|Loamy sands
|Sandy loam
|* 1500 cbs refers to the permanent wilting point and the soil deficit value is equal to the soil's total available water capacity.
The feel/appearance method involves collecting soil samples in the root zone with a probe or a spade. The soil water depletion of each sample can be estimated by feeling the soil and comparing its appearance to data in Table 7. Soil samples should be taken from the top six inches to 12 inches in the root zone and at several locations in the field. Sum up the estimations from various depths for one location to estimate the total soil water depletion in the root zone. This method requires frequent use for an operator to develop the art of estimating soil water consistently.
More information on in-field soil moisture monitoring tools can be found in University of Minnesota Extension bulletins Irrigation Scheduling: Checkbook Method, FO-1322, and Irrigation Water Management Considerations for Sandy Soils in Minnesota, FO-3875, which are available at local county extension offices or can ordered online.
Table 7. Guide for judging soil water deficit based on soil feel and appearance for several soil textures.
|Moisture deficiency in./ft
|Soil texture classification
|Moisture deficiency in./ft
(loamy sand)
(sandy loam)
(clay loam)
|Field capacity
|Leaves wet outline on hand when squeezed
Appears moist, makes a weak ball
|Appears very dark, leaves wet outline on hand, makes a short ribbon
|Appears very dark, leaves wet outline on hand, will ribbon out about one inch.
|Appears very dark, leaves slight moisture on hands when squeezed, will ribbon out about two inches.
|Quite dark color, makes a hard ball
|Dark color, forms a plastic ball, slicks when rubbed.
|Dark color, will slick and ribbons easily.
|Appears slightly moist, sticks together slightly.
|Fairly dark color, makes a good ball.
|Quite dark, will make thick ribbon, may slick when rubbed.
|Appears to be dry, will not form a ball under pressure.
|Quite dark, forms a hard ball.
|Slightly dark color, makes a weak ball.
|Fairly dark, forms a good ball.
|Fairly dark, makes a good ball.
|Lightly colored by moisture, will not ball.
|Dry, loose, single-grained flows through fingers. (wilting point)
|Slightly dark, forms weak ball.
|Will ball, small clods will flatten out rather than crumble.
|Very slight color due to moisture, loose, flows through fingers.
|Lightly colored, small clodscrumble fairly easily.
|(wilting point)
|Slightly dark, clods crumble.
|Slight color due to moisture powsery, dry, sometimes slightly crusted but easily broken down in powdery condition. (wilting point)
|Some darkness due to unavailable moisture, hard, baked, cracked sometimes has loose crumbs on surface. (wilting point)
Removal of scapes
Slide 10. Removal of scapes.
For hardneck garlic, a decision needs to be made regarding scape removal. Research in Minnesota has shown that yields can be reduced by 20 percent to 30 percent if the scape is allowed to mature. Yields are most affected in poorly fertilized soil, and only minimally (< 5%) affected in high organic matter, well-fertilized soil. The time to remove the scape is just after the initiation of curling. There is some circumstantial evidence to suggest, however, that bulbs store better if the scape is left on until it turns woody. Scapes can be left on if a market for the bulbils is available to offset the loss in bulb yield.
Weed control
Garlic is a poor competitor with weeds. Unless weeds are controlled early, they can easily overtake young garlic plants, causing significant yield losses. For conventional (nonorganic) garlic production, application of RoundupTM in late August or early September, before planting garlic in the fall, is recommended if perennial weeds are a problem. Use of a green manure crop, such as buckwheat plowed down before going to seed, will reduce annual weed competition. A thorough, shallow cultivation before reapplying straw mulch in the spring also will keep down annual weed populations. Be sure to use straw free of weed seed as mulch. If desired, a few soil-applied and post-emergence herbicides are registered for use on garlic. Always read and follow herbicide label instructions for use.
Insects do not appear to be a major problem for garlic production in Minnesota. Over the last five years of growing garlic in Minnesota, no major outbreaks have been observed. Some potential insect pests include:
Onion thrips
These are small, sucking insects that are most prevalent during warm, dry weather. Symptoms include whitish specks on the leaves, which become blotchy in severe cases. Use of Safer soaps will help to control the pest and a few chemical pesticides are also available for control. Onion maggot. Maggots are white larvae, about one millimeter in length soon after hatching, growing to about five millimeters after about 15 to 20 days. They bore into the underground stem and cause young garlic plants to yellow and wilt. Yellowed plants should be removed immediately and discarded. Control this pest through proper rotation. Do not plant garlic after onions or other alliums. Although the maggot can complete two to three generations per year in the Midwest, maggot pressure and damage is highest in the spring.
Both the true and fall armyworm are common in the upper Midwest. True armyworm is active in June, while fall armyworm migrates from southern states in July and August. Eggs are laid in large, fuzzy masses, and many larvae can feed on a given plant, often on the upper leaves. Once a plant is defoliated, larvae will move in mass to the next available plant. If high populations exist and damage occurs, the insect can be controlled by using Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) sprays or other insecticides that are registered for leaf-eating caterpillars on garlic.
Wireworms are yellow/brown beetle larvae on-half inch to one and one-half inches long. The worms damage roots and bulbs and are most common if garlic is planted in fields following sod. Best control of this insect is to avoid planting garlic following sod. You should allow at least one year after sod is turned under before planting a garlic crop.
The primary nematode of concern for garlic growers is the stem and bulb nematode. Invasion of the stem tissue occurs first, causing stunting, twisted, and pale leaves, usually followed by rotting of the lower stem and base of the bulb. In severely infested fields, young plants become enlarged and deformed and frequently die. The nematodes are primarily located in infected tissue, so to control this pest, infected plants should be removed by digging and then burned. Other control measures include planting clean seed stock, elimination of volunteer garlic and onions, and proper rotation. Do not plant garlic following any member of the onion family, or alternate hosts such as pea, parsley, celery, and salsify.
Most garlic diseases are either soil- or seed-borne and usually can be controlled with proper rotation and planting disease-free seed. The most common diseases include:
White rot
A major disease of commercial garlic grown in California and other areas of allium production. The organism is most active when the temperature is cool (less than 75 degrees Fahrenheit). In northern climates it usually attacks in the spring. Symptoms include premature yellowing and dying of older leaves, stunting, and leaf tipburn, followed by destruction of the root system, shoot dieback, and rotting of the bulb. Control by rotating out of allium crops for many years (white rot has been know to persist in soil for ten years), destroying infected tissue, and planting disease-free seed stock.
Fusarium (basal or bottom rot)
Slide 11. Foliar symptoms of Fusarium.
Slide 12. Basal rot of garlic caused by Fusarium.
The fungus is present in all soils and is usually considered a secondary invader because it attacks plants already weakened by insects, mechanical damage, or other diseases. Fusarium is most active at high temperatures. Symptoms are similar to white rot, except disease progression is much slower and death of the plant may not occur. Bulbs infected with Fusarium may decay further in storage. This disease is controlled by proper crop rotation with non-susceptible crops for four years, removal of infected plants, and planting disease-free seed.
Pink root
Symptoms of this disease occur primarily in warm weather (>75 degrees Fahrenheit). The fungus infects the roots, causing them to turn pink, followed by root dieback. New roots are formed which also become infected. Aboveground symptoms include leaf tipburn. Control of this disease is by using at least a three- to four-year rotation without allium.
This fungus attacks garlic leaves following periods of warm, wet weather and bulbs in storage. Symptoms include water-soaked stems, which is why the disease is often called "neckrot." In severe infections, the bulbs may rot. In mild infections, the disease may not be noticed during the season, but may attack the bulb during storage. Control this disease by promoting air movement through the field so that foliage does not remain wet. Rapid drying during harvest, followed by good aeration during storage, will also minimize the problem. Use planting stock free of the disease.
Penicillium molds
Penicillium is both a field and storage disease. Plants from infected cloves planted in the fall will often emerge in the spring, turn yellow, and then die. A blue-green color is observed on cloves in soil and in storage. When conditions are optimum for rapid emergence, the plant may outgrow the disease. Air-borne spores spread the disease. If a bulb is infected, do not use the cloves for planting stock. Wash hands after touching the bulb and avoid bruising or wounding stored bulbs. Prevent the disease by planting clean stock.
Until recently, this fungus was considered to be of minor importance in garlic production. However, recent outbreaks in California have reduced crop yields by up to 75 percent in some fields. The disease has not been reported in Minnesota. Initial symptoms occur on the foliage and stem as small, white flecks that develop into orange spots (spores) or pustules. The bulbs become shrunken and deformed. Heavily infected plants may turn yellow and die. Conditions favorable for disease development include high humidity and low rainfall and a temperature between 45 degrees and 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Disease incidence is highest in stressed plants. To reduce infection potential, use healthy seed in well-drained soil. Rotate with non-allium crops. Registered preventive fungicides may be the only method of control in situations where the disease potential/incidence is high. Varietal resistance has not been reported.
Because garlic is clonally propagated, almost all planting stock is infected with some type of virus. The viruses are usually mild and do not seriously affect yield, and may even impart desirable characteristics in some varieties. One exception is onion yellow dwarf virus, which can cause severe mosaic n combination with other viruses. Any plants exhibiting severe mosaic symptoms should be rouged out. Tissue culture has been shown to be effective in producing "virus-free" garlic and is now used extensively for commercial plantings in California. Most of the garlic purchased from seed catalogs and other garlic growers contains some virus.
Harvesting and curing
Knowing when to harvest has always been a tricky. In general, garlic harvest in Minnesota usually extends from the second week of July through the first week in August. Different varieties will often mature at different times. Harvesting too early will result in small bulbs that do not store well. Harvesting too late will force the cloves to pop out of the skins, making them susceptible to disease and resulting in unmarketable bulbs. There are a couple of procedures that can be used to determine when to harvest: 1) by early July the lower leaves will start to brown and harvest is usually optimum when half or slightly more than half of the leaves remain green, 2) pull a few bulbs and cut them in half; if the cloves fill the skins, then the bulbs are ready to harvest.
To harvest, the bulbs should be dug with the shoots and roots still attached. At this point there is some controversy about whether the bulbs should be washed. For most soils it is easiest to wash the bulbs the day of harvest and allow them to cure for a few weeks. Some growers feel that washing the bulbs may lead to more storage diseases, but this has not been observed in Minnesota. The alternative to washing the bulbs after harvest is to let the plants cure for three to four weeks and then brush the soil off after curing. This latter approach is less time-consuming in the short run, but more time-consuming in the long run.
After digging the plants, they should be tied in bundles of 10 to 15 and allowed to dry in a well-ventilated room. After about three to four weeks of curing, the shoots and roots should have dried down. The tops should then be cut about one-half to one inch above the main bulb and roots should be trimmed close to the base of the bulb. Clean bulbs by removing the outermost skins, being careful not to expose any cloves. Any remaining soil should be brushed away. Bulbs can be graded into the following diameter sizes: < 2 inches, 2 to 2.5 inches, 2.5 to 3 inches, and > 3 inches. Premium bulbs are those 2.5 inches and larger.
Optimum storage conditions will depend on whether the garlic is to be used for table stock or planting stock.
Table stock garlic is best stored at 32 degrees to 40 degrees Fahrenheit and a relative humidity of 60 percent to 70 percent. Table stock garlic also can be stored at room temperature and 60 percent to-70 percent relative humidity, but will dehydrate faster than if stored at 32 degrees to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Softneck garlic typically can be stored for six to eight months at room temperature, while hardneck garlic usually starts to deteriorate after about three to four months. At 32 degrees Fahrenheit, hardneck garlic can be stored for up to seven months without significant dehydration. Temperatures between 42 degrees and 52 degrees Fahrenheit will cause sprouting, and humidity greater than 70 percent tends to promote rooting.
Planting stock garlic should be stored at room temperature and 60 percent to 70 percent relative humidity. Garlic stored at 32 degrees to 40 degrees Fahrenheit and then used for planting will not bulb properly.
Sources for garlic seed
Alice's Garlic Ranch
5550 Weatherstone Lane
Rochester, MN
Filaree Farm
182 Conconully Hwy, Okanogan, WA 98840
Harvest Moon Garlic, LLC
17437 Minnesota HWY 22, Litchfield, MN 55355
Hillside Prairie Gardens
47057 220th St. Brookings, SD 57006
605-695-0305 (cell)
Living Song Farm
7616 25th St. SW
Howard Lake, MN 55349
Plum Creek Garlic
Chris R. Kudrna
3655 Plum Creek Drive, St. Cloud, MN 56301
Seed Savers Exchange
RR 3, Box 239
Decorah, Iowa 52101
Sogn Valley Gardens, LLC
Dennison, MN 55108
Sun Fresh Foods, certified organic
Paul and Karen Schmidt
19499 Killdeer Road, Preston, MN 55965
Swede Lake Farms and Global Garlic
Deanna Stanchfield
10820 Swede Lake Road, Watertown, MN 55388
Territorial Seed Company
P.O. Box 157, Cottage Grove, OR 97424
Weavers Garlic Shedd
P.O. Box 67, Crabtree, OR 97335
Further reading
Aaron, C. (1997) The Great Garlic Book: A Guide with Recipes, Ten Speed Press.
Brewster, J.L. and H.D. Rabinowitch. (1990) Onions and Allied Crops, Volume 3, Biochemistry, Food Science and Minor Crops, CRC Press.
Engeland, R.L. (1991) Growing Great Garlic: the definitive guide for organic gardeners and small gardeners. Filaree Productions.
Engeland, R.L. (1995) Supplement to the book, "Growing Great Garlic." Filaree Productions.
Kamenetsky, R. (2007) Garlic: botany and horticulture. Hort. Reviews 33:123-172.
Koch, H.P. and L.D. Lawson (1996) Garlic: The Science and Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L. and Related Species. Williams & Wilkins.
Meredith, T.J. 2008. The complete book of garlic: a guide for gardeners, growers and serious cooks. Timber Press Inc.
Rabinowitch, H. D. and L. Currah (2002) Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. CABI publishing.
Schwartz, H.F. and S. K. Mohan (1995) Compendium of Onion and Garlic Diseases. APS Press.
Volk, G. M., A.D. Henk, C. M. Richards (2004) Genetic Diversity among U.S. Garlic Clones as Detected Using AFLP Methods. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 129:559-569. http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/129/4/559.full.pdf
Useful web pages
- http://www.garlicseedfoundation.info/classifieds.htm– More information about garlic
- http://www.garlicseedfoundation.info/bigNewsforGarlic.htm – Learn about a SARE study on garlic diversity


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I have only recently discovered the FSM and I am seriously thinking of converting to your faith, but I have a few reservations (at DaVinci's, Sicilian Escape, and Papa Leone's). I am unclear on a few points and I was hoping someone could explain them to me.
For one, I have difficulty believing that we could all be descended from a midget. How could modern man have developed out of such a form? It just stretches credibility too far.
Also, I truly don't understand the proverbial "Thousand Lashes" (with a wet noodle) or it's relevance to His eternal tastiness.
I have heard that He goes unnamed, but I have seen Him referred to in many varied ways. What is the proper form of address? What is His name? Would He be offended if I referred to Him as Spaghet-He?
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.
I have some questions . . .
Submit your scriptural writings for inclusion in the Loose Canon, and your tales of ancient FSM Lore, as well as any other FSM-related writing you may have.
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2003 Volkswagen Jetta 1.8T Wagon. Click image to enlarge
|Final Drive: 1997 Subaru SVX
Manufacturer's website
Article and photos by Mike Schlee
Photo Gallery:
2003 Volkswagen Jetta 1.8T wagon
Yes, I am back at it again, ready to take a 100-km journey in a vehicle that is past its prime and may have developed a few interesting personality traits along the way. Today, I am in a 2003 Volkswagen Jetta 1.8T Wagon. But wait, you say: "That car is only 10 years old? What gives?" Despite its relative young age, it is ready to eclipse the 200,000 km mark and has lived a hard life; it is Jonathan Yarkony's personal vehicle, after all. I know you may be shocked by the fact that Jonathan owns a Volkswagen and that a German car is still running at 200,000 km, but both are true. So please read on while I prepare for the inevitable fallout from
MkIV Jetta every Volkswagen owner s ever.
1 km – I get in the car, fire it up and am amazed that all the gauges, power windows, power mirrors and power locks work. This is unheard of at this age! Bonus: A/C works too!
2003 Volkswagen Jetta 1.8T Wagon. Click image to enlarge
2 km – Check engine light is on. (This is less shocking.) Now that's a good little German car.
5 km – The rubber on the top of the steering wheel is flaking off like a bad case of plastic dandruff. Maybe Jonathan should get one of those aftermarket steering wheel covers with Hello Kitty on it. Hmmm, I think I just thought of his Christmas present; score! [I like that idea! –Ed.]
11 km – The five-speed automatic transmission in this car must have been created by a rodeo clown. It is the epitome of herky-jerky randomness; a bucking bronco in a metal box. It feels like some invisible giant is making a field goal kick into the rear bumper of the car every time a gear change occurs.
15 km – Once the car has finished giving you whiplash through the gear range, the power from the 1.8L turbocharged four-cylinder is good. Actually, I would go as far as to say it is great. Torque is everywhere throughout the rev range and always on tap.
21 km – I'm now getting used to the driving
issues nuances of this Jetta. I reach out and touch the sun-drenched dashboard and find out is has rotted into a hard material formerly known as a soft-touch plastic.
25 km – There seems to be road noise at any speed exceeding 10 km/h. Must just be a strange harmonic imbalance point or something. I am sure it will go away, right? Right?
36 km – I pull onto the highway and merged behind a slow-moving truck. Noticing a sizable gap in the lane to my left, I merge over once more to pass the big rig. I hammer the gas and… nothing. A large dump truck is now gaining on me, and I begin to pray for the transmission to wake up and engage when WHAM, down a gear we go. Alright, that was close, now I'm starting to gai… WHAM! What, down another gear? Cool, now we are flyi… WHAM! Oh, dear god! Second gear engaged, 6,500 rpm achieved, car about to self-destruct.


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In desperate need of finding middle ground in stalled negotiations aimed at forging a new collective bargaining agreement, the NHL and the NHL Players' Association agreed Monday to include at least one federal mediator at their next bargaining session, possibly as early as Wednesday.
The mediation process is non-binding, meaning the sides are not obligated to follow or accept any recommendations rendered by the mediators.
George H. Cohen, director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service in Washington, D.C., said in a statement:
"I have had separate, informal discussions with the key representatives of the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association during the course of their negotiations for a successor collective bargaining agreement. At the invitation of the FMCS, and with the agreement of both parties, the ongoing negotiations will now be conducted under our auspices. I have assigned Deputy Director Scot L. Beckenbaugh, Director of Mediation Services John Sweeney, and Commissioner Guy Serota to serve as the mediators."
Slightly more than an hour after Cohen named Serota to the case, he removed him after it was revealed Serota's Twitter account had been hacked. Rather than risk potential controversy relating to the hack and Serota's role in mediation, Cohen felt the prudent move was to remove him.
The sides sought the aid of federal mediators during the NHL's lockout of 2004-05, but the move did not succeed in forging a deal.
The entire season was scrubbed in January and the parties negotiated a deal without the help of mediators in July 2005.
The NHL lockout, the third in league history, began Sept. 16.
On Friday, the league canceled all regular-season games through Dec. 14 as well as the January All-Star Game scheduled for Columbus, Ohio.
Previously this month, the league also canceled its iconic Winter Classic game, slated for Jan. 1 at the University of Michigan between the Red Wings and Maple Leafs.Kevin Paul Dupont can be reached at email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @GlobeKPD.


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There's a new museum in the Motor City, and we're not talking about Detroit. The Coventry Transit Museum has recently undergone a $14 million refurbishment, with new galleries and facilities to preserve Britain's automotive history.
"We are all extremely excited about the completion of our redevelopment," said Barry Littlewood, chief executive officer for the museum. "The museum has changed beyond all recognition over the last 25 years and this latest extension and series of new galleries reinforces our dedication to providing dynamic and inspiring exhibitions as a testament to the innovative spirit of the people of Coventry. The museum is one of the most visited attractions in the region and we are confident that both our old friends and new visitors alike will delight in these new additions, of which we are justifiably proud." Rolls-Royce, Talbot, Hillman, Humber, Standard-Triumph and Jaguar were among the manufacturers that called Coventry home.
The West Midlands museum claims to have the world's largest collection of British cars, with more than 500 vehicles on display. Its 125,000 square feet of floor space make it larger than Beaulieu or even the Heritage Motor Center. Among the new attractions are galleries for motorcycles and commercial vehicles, an education suite and "technocenter," an archive and library resource center, and a refurbished "Landmarques" gallery, where visitors can experience the changes that overtook Coventry from 1869 to 1948. Included is an exhibit on the "Coventry Blitz" of November 14, 1940, when German bombers nearly leveled the city center.
A terrific time to visit would be on September 2 and 3, 2006, when the second annual Festival of Motoring (http://www.festival-of-motoring.co.uk/) will take place in Coventry. But you don't have to wait; the museum is open every day of the year except December 24-26 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., and admission is free. The Museum's Web site, www.transport-museum.com, is in the midst of an overhaul of its own, but you can email firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
(This post originally appeared in the May 18, 2006, issue of the Hemmings eWeekly Newsletter.)


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|MySQL Conference and Expo April 14-17, 2008, Santa Clara, CA
GoLive 6: Adobe's Open Source Embrace
Problems With Preconfigured Releases
The downside of Adobe's prefab offerings is that you're reliant on them to update the various components. For instance, in a remarkable burst of releases just after Adobe shipped GoLive 6.0, a major PHP vulnerability was discovered and fixed, and the Apache Software Foundation released PHP 4.2.0 and Apache 2.0.35 (the first post-beta 2.0 release).
The question remains whether Adobe will hop on and at least offer a patch script to repair the PHP vulnerability; and whether when PHP matures into full support for Apache 2.0 -- it's listed as experimental in the current release -- they'll also offer up revised servers.
In the meantime, patching the PHP vulnerability is simple. Find the
Installing Your Own
You can go a step further and bypass their installation altogether by collecting and installing a full Apache, PHP, and JSP setup. I'm not a JSP expert, so I leave that one to the ONJava.com site, which has more information about Tomcat and its relative, Jakarta: http://www.onjava.com/onjava/jsp_servlets/. But I can offer insight into configuring Apache with all the bells and whistles.
Start with Apache 1.3.23, the last 1.3 release (httpd.apache.org). Although 2.0 is now the recommended version, you can't rely on PHP support, as noted above. If you need SSL support, retrieve OpenSSL (www.openssl.org) and mod_ssl (www.modssl.org). From www.php.net, retrieve 4.2.0.
If you want to handle XML in various forms through Apache and PHP, you'll need Sablotron. GoLive's Dynamic Content allows you to retrieve information from XML, including using XSL transformations on the XML data. To install Sablotron you may also need to download a whole set of XML libraries. Consult XML.com for more on that aspect of installation and configuration.
MySQL can be downloaded in various forms, including ready-to-go packages, from MySQL.com.
If you need SSL support, which I typically include, visit www.modssl.org and www.openssl.org to retrieve the necessary pieces for SSL inside Apache. You don't need external certificates to use SSL, although they can be useful.
Now you can proceed to assemble the distributions.
PHP has its documentation online and you can edit the
For more on configuring Apache and PHP, visit the subsection of the ONLamp.com site devoted to it.
Sweat of the Brow
It may appear to be much more work than you're ready to take on to install these servers. But, in fact, it's a one-time exercise. After you've installed and configured the servers, GoLive's humming engine can leap to life and you should practically never have to even touch the server configuration again. Until, of course, the inevitable newer releases.
Glenn Fleishman is a freelance technology journalist contributing regularly to The New York Times, The Seattle Times, Macworld magazine, and InfoWorld. He maintains a wireless weblog at wifinetnews.com.
Return to the Web Development DevCenter.


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— The lighting on this photo is what initially drew me into it. But i also feel like the man's expression, it really makes this photo. Especially since this is such a controversial subject in Israel. I think that with all the issues that we see about Israel in the media everyday, this was a nice break into something that was not about war. It is a different look at daily life in Israel.
Discuss as:


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Meet the Exonerees
Antron McCray
State: New York
Date of Birth:
Incident Date: 04/19/1989
Age at Arrest: 15
Conviction Date: 1989
Age When Exonerated: 28
Exonerated Date: 2002
Time Served: 6
Conviction: Rape and assault
False Confession: Yes
Implicated by Another Youth: Yes
Case Details
In what has become perhaps the most notorious example of wrongfully convicted youth, fifteen-year-old Antron McCray, fourteen-year-old Kevin Richardson, fifteen-year-old Yusef Salaam, fourteen-year-old Raymond Santana, and sixteen-year-old Kharey Wise all falsely confessed to brutally beating and raping Trisha Meili, a twenty-eight-year-old investment banker who became known as the "Central Park Jogger," in New York City's Central Park in 1989. After undergoing separate police interrogations that lasted anywhere from fourteen to thirty hours, these five youths gave interlocking but inconsistent false confessions. Even though all five soon recanted their confessions, they were convicted and received sentences between seven and thirteen years. Most of the boys served their full sentences before the real perpetrator, a convicted rapist and killer named Matias Reyes, confessed to the crime in 2002. The five boys were definitively exonerated after DNA evidence confirmed that Reyes was the real perpetrator.


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Black out black out blind
Added Apr 7, 2014
by zenica
South West, Unit...
The black out curtains in our twin's nursery isn't doing such a great job and with the days getting longer and mornings starting earlier, we needed to fix this. My husband was a little sceptical when I told him that I had an idea and would fix this (he has witnessed a few disastrous sewing project… erm, attempts), but I am rather pleased the way it turned out. I just might have to add some more Velcro to the window frame and the blind.
I spray painted night owls on a tree on the black out fabric and sewed colourful cotton with owls onto it for the day… there are pieces of velcro on top of the night side, so the blind is folded up once to cover half the window or twice (fastened with big buttons) to cover only the top.
I had bought the cotton fabric for another project that I never made, so it was finally put to good use. I also had the curtain liner at home as I was kidding myself that I would make curtains for the nursery once I went on maternity leave heavily pregnant with twins… I came to my good senses and ordered some online, thank goodness.
Material Notes
black out curtain liner, cotton fabric, Velcro, buttons, spray paint
2 Comments Sign in to add a post
Apr 8, 2014, 08.31 PMby zenica
thank you! and it works a treat, the little ones were still fast asleep in the morning when my husband got them up ;-)
Apr 8, 2014, 06.07 PMby yenny lee
Lovely :)
Add to Favorites 1 person added it


text: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater HD ollied onto Xbox Live Arcade in July then boardslide-hand-dragged its way to PlayStation Network in August, but the PC edition initially due to switch-frontside-720 out "a few weeks after" the XBLA launch has only just arrived today. On the bright side, there is a 10% launch discount so you can save one whole dollar, perhaps to spend on a gnarly new skatin' tune or an xtreme carbonated beverage. Nab it from Steam for $8.99 before the price goes up on October 1. Pro Skater HD revamps the best (well, mostly) of Neversoft's first two Pro Skater games to look a bit nicer and all those sorts of things you'd expect from a game with an 'HD' suffix. A slice of Pro Skater 3 is coming soon to PC in the $5 'Pro Skater 3 Revert Pack' DLC, which includes three THPS3 levels, new skaters, and the third game's 'Revert' move. Publisher Activision has sent over a few new high-res screenshots of the PC version: I'd pull a similar face in this situation too, in all honesty


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We know that some days call for Chocolate Chip. Others might need Toffee Crunch. Whatever flavor the day seems to be, Fairytale Brownies can help you get through. We bake 12 delicious brownie flavors, so whether you're gifting yourself or someone else, be sure to share the brownie love - even it's just a bite.
Need a reason to give? Valentine's Day, Birthday, Anniversary, Spring, Midterms, Easter, Mother's Day, Graduation, New Job, or whatever the celebration might be, Fairytale is the perfect gift.
About Fairytale Brownies:
- Certified kosher for dairy; worldwide shipping
- Fairytale Brownies bakes three sizes of brownies: The 3' x 3' full-sized brownies and 3' x 1.5" snack-sized Fairytale Sprites are available in 12 different flavors: Caramel, Chocolate Chip, Coconut, Cream Cheese, Espresso Nib, Mint Chocolate, Original, Pecan, Raspberry Swirl, Toffee Crunch, Walnut, and White Chocolate.
- Fairytale Cookies are baked with the same premium all-natural ingredients as the world-famous brownies, and are offered in six gourmet flavors: Chocolate Chip, Mint Chocolate, Double Chocolate, Caramel Pecan, Coconut Walnut, and Toffee Chocolate Chip.
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Members, log in below to receive 25% off Fairytale Brownies and free shipping. Offer expires April 30.


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Growing season took longer than usual to come this year, but it came nevertheless! There are few things that are as stimulating, calming and grounding than to stick one's hands into freshly made dirt, rich with organic matter, and watch as your fruit trees, berry bushes and veggie beds deliver you a delicious bounty.
Something drew me to traditional growing techniques years ago when I began to study native culture. I was always fascinated by the Confederacy of the Iroquois and their Great Law of Peace, Gayanahshagowa, developed more than 1,000 years ago, whose symbol was a great white pine.
The tree had four white roots of truth that reached in the four directions of the world. And the Creator instructed the people to follow the root to its source in order to come under the protection of the Great Law of Peace and the great long leaves of the great tree.
Decision-making was required to take into consideration the seventh generation, ensuring that those generations that were at their mercy (since they weren't here yet to consult with) were also protected.
This philosophy has everything to do with how we govern, how we grow and how we view stewardship of our land. The Cherokee and the Iroquois, as well as other traditional farmers, developed a sophisticated, sustainable system that provided long-term soil fertility and a healthy diet to generations.
The "three sisters" concept came from this philosophy, a tradition of interplanting corn, beans and squash in the same mounds. In doing this, each plant provides nutrients or support that enable each to thrive. Corn provides a natural pole for bean vines to climb, while beans fix nitrogen onto corn's roots, thereby improving the overall fertility of the plot. Shallow-rooted squash vines become a living mulch, shading emerging weeds and preventing soil moisture from evaporating, thereby improving the overall crops chances of survival in dry years. Spiny squash plants also help to discourage predators from approaching the corn and beans. Use of companion plants and "plant guilds" are the foundation for sustainable agricultural design.
What also stirred my interest in researching Native American history was my desire to understand how it was possible that our American Founders adopted the philosophies of Rousseau, Locke and Hume, yet were not influenced by the examples of homegrown democracy in their midst among the indigenous people they saw every day. I pored over hundreds of pages written by our nation's Founders and hit pay dirt when I began to read Benjamin Franklin's work.
Franklin was a great admirer of Native American society, particularly the Six Nations Confederacy of the Iroquois. He also made a good living reprinting Iroquois speeches and treaties and selling them back in Europe. What particularly caught his eye was their Congress-like council, their government based on checks and balances, the protection of freedom of speech and how women were granted the power to choose officeholders, preceding our Constitution by more than 300 years.
Franklin wanted to see the colonies develop a similar union, and in 1754 he created the Albany Plan of Union, a formative effort to establish a new government mirroring the Iroquois Great Law of Peace. The Plan of Union is considered the basis for the Articles of Confederacy, one of the founding documents of our nation.
What links together Iroquois notions of governance, farming and stewardship is the Great Law of the Iroquois that states, "In every deliberation, we must consider the impact on the seventh generation ... even if it requires having skin as thick as the bark of a pine."
Can you imagine if we lived our lives today with an eye to the seventh generation? We might look at deeds to land differently. Rather than a license to do anything we wish without regard to its consequences, we might view a deed as a way to honor the future by protecting our land since no one's making more of it and its sanctity is critical for the health of our children's children's children.
It might mean re-evaluating our energy policies from mountaintop removal for coal, deep-sea drilling for oil, fracking, nuclear power and tar sands given the considerable damage these methods will likely cause future generations. It's not that we wouldn't do any of these things — we might just do them differently.
If we cared about the seventh generation, then protection of fresh water, clean air and healthy food would likely be a primary concern, giving us greater pause when large-scale development was planned that would affect the value of the land, our streams and the rural character of our community.
Living for the seventh generation would likely mean developing a body of rules and oversight of private activity so that we balance the potential damage caused by private greed with the greater good. We use all manner of excuses to justify loosening the reins on greed — if we don't, we'll hurt jobs and the economy — thereby turning greed into religion, a political goal into a god.
When we look for guidance on growing food, securing our communities and governing our nation, the Iroquois and the Cherokee have much to offer. Just as soil prospers when companion plants are planted together, accentuating each other for the good of the many, so will our community prosper when we find a way to value our land, our neighbors and ourselves with an eye to the future.
David Weintraub is a writer, filmmaker and environmental troublemaker and can be reached at email@example.com.
Living for the seventh generation
Growing season took longer than usual to come this year, but it came nevertheless! There are few things that are as stimulating, calming and grounding than to stick one's hands into freshly made dirt, rich with organic matter, and watch as your fruit trees, berry bushes and veggie beds deliver you a delicious bounty.


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Community rallies to support DiPalma
Life was good for Judy DiPalma.
A 50-year-old Johnston mother of three, she was engaged to longtime love Michael Delmonico, with whom she has spent the last eight years.
But DiPalma's world unexpectedly went tumbling down when she was diagnosed with Stage IV Glioblastoma Multiforme brain cancer (GMB).
"We've been told there are only 20,000 such cases of GMB in the world," Delmonico said. "It's a cancer that spreads like wildfire ... it's deadly. We were all crushed with the news that Judy has a malignant brain tumor."
It was back on Dec. 4, 2012, that Judy DiPalma's world started to unravel. On that date, she got word that her ex-husband (and her children's father) passed away after losing a battle to cancer.
Soon thereafter, DiPalma began to experience frequent headaches. At the time, she was misdiagnosed.
"Doctors attributed this – along with a loss of appetite and an increase in blood pressure – to a common form of depression," explained her son, Anthony.
"A week later, the headaches got worse and in early March she began to lose control of basic functions. There was one point when she was driving her car and suddenly couldn't remember where she was or where she was going. That's what GMB does to a person," he said.
Then came the diagnosis. But as Anthony DiPalma emphasized, "She's a fighter. Between daily radiation and chemotherapy treatments, she's making progress."
The news was devastating to Delmonico, who lost his own daughter in 2009, when Melissa was murdered at the young age of 19.
Friends too are shocked, especially the many people that DiPalma has come in contact with while working at the Rite Aid Pharmacy on Atwood Avenue. She has worked as a pharmacy technician there for nearly 12 years, winning numerous "Smile Awards" for her performance.
On Sunday, many of those friends and supporters turned out to support DiPalma. Approximately 350 people flooded the Kelley-Gazzero VFW Post 2812 for a special fundraiser that organizers said will help defray the cost of treatments and medicine.
Delmonico took the lead on the event, using the Melissa Delmonico Foundation that he created to organize the fundraiser. His older son, Mike Delmonico Jr., helped to sell tickets at the door and to sell raffle tickets. Paul Russo bought gift cards at area businesses and donated them to the raffle, as did Enza's Beauty Salon in Scituate.
"Lots and lots of people were giving from their hearts and that really gives Judy a huge lift," Delmonico said.
The contribution, he continued, goes a long way.
"Judy is just overwhelmed with this party," he said as he wheeled her up a ramp and into the Kelley-Gazzero Post on Sunday. "She was really happy ... she said this made her feel like a new person. She said, 'I can't believe all the support.'"
Delmonico thanked everyone who bought tickets and showed up Sunday.
"On behalf of Judy, Anthony, Amanda and Alexandra, we say thank you. The support people continue to show is absolutely amazing and certainly greatly appreciated," he said.


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From the Frying Pan...by Anthony SanFilippo / Philadelphia Flyers
VOORHEES, N.J. – Luke Schenn knows how fickle hockey fanatics can be.
After all, he played in the self-proclaimed center of the hockey universe in Toronto for four seasons and his time there was, well, like the four seasons.
There were times when he was a hot prospect on the Maple Leafs Blue line, like the summer sun pounding against the tarmac.
There were times when he was a ray of hope, like Spring, for a franchise that hasn't wont the Stanley Cup since before the Flyers even existed.
There were times when he was cool like Autumn, leaving fans to wonder if he would live up to the hype of being the fifth overall pick in the 2008 NHL draft.
And there were times when things were an icy Winter for Schenn, being labeled a bust by the impatient Toronto media who shape the feelings of a fan base more than in any other hockey city in North America.
"You can't hide from anything, whether it's on or off the ice you are always being watched over," said Schenn, who arrived for his first informal, on-ice workout with his new Flyers teammates Wednesday. "Everything that goes on, whether it's a game or a practice is going to be a story. Every little play, whether it's good or bad is going to be critiqued.
"I wouldn't trade it for anything. It was a great experience being there for four years. You go through a lot of ups and downs there. People can pump you up pretty good when your playing well and come down on you when you're not. In the end it's going to make you stronger mentally."
And that's one of the good things about Schenn. He was able to take the ups and the downs with a pretty even demeanor.
"Every guy is different with how much they can take mentally," Schenn said. "For me it was great. There were times when it was unbelievable and people praise you. You pretty much get treated like royalty. But a lot is based on team success and when things aren't going well there's a lot more finger pointing at individuals. That's just the way it goes. From the top to the bottom of the roster."
However, Toronto, known for it's hockey impatience, gave up on Schenn at the age of 22 and traded him to the Flyers last summer in exchange for James van Riemsdyk, who was a bit of a first round disappointment himself.
The Flyers are banking on Schenn still reaching his potential and think he will thrive in Peter Laviolette's system.
Couple that with the fact that he'll be playing with his little brother Brayden Schenn, and he won't be the focal point of the Flyers defense and he may have the opportunity to thrive in Philadelphia.
And as excited as he is to be here, he also understands that hockey in Philadelphia is not all that different than hockey is in Toronto, but he feels he's fully prepared to tackle his new environment.
"It's definitely one of the top hockey markets in the league and the fans are pretty passionate and very knowledgeable," Luke Schenn said. "I haven't experienced too much, but it's one of the best buildings to play at in the league and just being out here today and seeing all the fans at practice and all the media, it's a lot like Toronto for sure."
The Flyers like him enough that he likely will be considered a top four rearguard and it wouldn't surprise if he was teamed up with veteran defenseman Kimmo Timonen.
Timonen was integral in the rapid growth of Braydon Coburn into a top flight defenseman, so it makes sense that he would be paired with Schenn to provide the same savvy presence that gives him room to grow.
For the record, Schenn led all NHL defensemen in hits in 2011-12 with 270. That total also ranked seventh in the NHL. By comparison, the Flyers leader in hits last season was Scott Hartnell with 188 hits (35th in the NHL) and their best defensemen were Braydon Coburn and Nick Grossman, who tied for 60th in the league with 164 hits.
"I'm just going to try to be steady back there, get the puck quickly to the forwards and be physical and be solid defensively," Schenn said. "The simpler the better. I just want to be a hard defenseman to play against."
To contact Anthony SanFilippo, email firstname.lastname@example.com or follow him on Twitter @AnthonySan37


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Im trying to setup the paypal minicart, so far when someone clicks on the add to cart button, it pops up very faded and you cannot click on any section of the cart (it hides automaticaly), also unable to click on the checkout button on the cart, (nothing happens), so its a faded non functional minicart. Please help. www.basicspy.com, its the first three add to cart buttons on the home page
Still need help here


text:
The Institute communicates its scientific and educational information in a number of ways. One major outlet is peer-reviewed publications and reports. Cary Institute staff regularly publish in the best-rated journals in their respective fields.
Export 10 results:Sort by: Author Title [ Type] Year
Filters: Author is Bigelow, S. W. [Clear All Filters]
Book Chapter
Ferns", in N. Nadkarni and N. Wheelwright (eds.). Monteverde: Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest, 2000, p. 89., "
The role of models in ecosystem management", in C. D. Canham, J. J. Cole, and W. K. Lauenroth (eds.). Models in Ecosystem Science, 2003, p. 299-307., "
Journal Article
Alteration of the hydrologic cycle due to forest clearing and its consequences for rainforest succession", For. Ecol. Manage, vol. 234, p. 32-40, 2007., "
Community organization of tree species along soil gradients in a northeastern USA forest", J. Ecol., vol. 90, p. 188-200, 2002., "
Evapotranspiration modelled from stands of three broad-leaved tropical trees in Costa Rica", Hydrol. Process, vol. 15, p. 2779-2796, 2001., "
Evidence that soil aluminum enforces site fidelity of southern New England forest trees", Rhodora, vol. 112, p. 1-21, 2010., "
Litterfall as a niche construction process in a northern hardwood forest", Ecosphere, vol. 6, no. 7, p. art117, 2015., "
Neighborhood-Scale Analyses of Non-additive Species Effects on Cation Concentrations in Forest Soils", Ecosystems, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 1351 - 1363, 2017., "
Nutrient limitation of juvenile trees in a northern hardwood forest: Calcium and nitrate are preeminent", For. Ecol. Manage, vol. 243, p. 310-319, 2007., "
What kind of spatial and temporal details are required in models of heterogeneous systems?", Oikos, vol. 102, p. 654-662, 2003., "


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Those are awesome. How 'bout a South African one? Or Vulcan if you can find one. Does the code take up characters from your sig? Because I have to have my Spock picture!!!
These are a great idea!Do you have an Australian flag please, Ticia?
Another board I frequent does this and it's really useful.
Tricia, that looks terrific! Would you happen to have a Danish flag available?
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Originally Posted by blazey10
If you just love bumper to bumper traffic and thrives! Go to Austin! You will then hate Texas.
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
traffic comes in all big citys..Austin has some really great things to see as well as for the whole state. I love Texas and glad to have been raised & breed here
You don't have to ASK
What I'm Against...
If you know what
I'm For...
Thanks for the replies. I've been busy and do had much time on the net. We would fly because my wife's back won't stand much travel by car.
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Lucky Nxumalo/City Press via AP
Oscar Pistorius and Reeva Steenkamp at an awards ceremony in Johannesburg in Nov. 4, 2012.
By Tracy Connor, Staff Writer, NBC News
Oscar Pistorius was to hold a private memorial service Tuesday for the girlfriend he was charged with murdering.
Slain model Reeva Steenkamp was cremated and mourned at a family service last week while Pistorius was in custody during a weeklong hearing on whether he should be released on bail.
Now that the South African athlete is free on $112,000 bond, he "specifically requested the memorial service as he continues to grieve and remains in deep mourning for the loss of his partner," a statement from his representatives said.
Mike Sheehan /EPA file
Barry Steenkamp, father of Reeva Steenkamp, is embraced after her memorial service at the Victoria Park Crematorium in Port Elizabeth, South Africa on Feb. 19.
"Since it is such a sensitive issue," the statement said, "Oscar has asked for a private service with people who share his loss, including his family members who knew and loved Reeva as one of their own."
The service was to be held at the hilltop Pretoria home of his uncle, Arnold Pistorius, where he has been staying.
The sprinter known as "Blade Runner," who inspired millions when he became the first double-amputee to compete in the Olympics, has admitted he fatally shot Steenkamp, 29, his girlfriend of four months.
He said in a court statement that he heard what he thought was a prowler, grabbed his gun, rushed to the bathroom on his stumps and fired through a closed door.
Prosecutors contend that he knew Steenkamp was in the bathroom and that he meant to kill her after a Valentine's Day argument. They charged him with premeditated murder, which carries a sentence of 25 years to life.
Steenkamp's family did not attend the emotionally charged bail hearing, where Pistorius, 26, sobbed numerous times as prosecutors leveled accusations against him.
Her mother has said she wanted answers about what happened the night of the shooting. Her father said last week that if Pistorius was telling the truth, he might one day forgive him, but that if he was lying, "he will suffer."
Meanwhile, the judge who presided at the bail hearing confirmed Tuesday he was dealing with a personal tragedy: his first cousin is suspected of poisoning her 12-year-old and 17-year-old boys and then killing herself in Johannesburg over the weekend, the Associated Press reported.
The revelation was one of several twists in the Pistorius case. Last week, the chief investigator was tossed from the inquiry because attempted murder charges stemming from a police-involved shooting in 2011 had been reinstated. And Pistorius' brother is also facing a homicide charge in connection with a 2008 car accident that left a woman dead.
Cheryll Simpson of NBC News contributed to this report
Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/26/17102387-pistorius-holding-memorial-service-for-slain-girlfriend?lite
miranda kerr lindsay lohan BCS Bowls palestine powerball winner powerball winner Zig Ziglar


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That people feel they need to hide their abilities because they would do better than others.
Sad, true.
As a shy person I might have gone this route, but no amount of bullying would have been worse than my parents' reactions to a low grade.
As my father once said "what the hell is this B doing on your report card?!"
As my father once said "what the hell is this B doing on your report card?!"
Sounds as if he was quite concerned about the fact that you didn't complete enough pointless busywork or memorize enough useless information for a test. Grades are all-important, clearly.
Just exactly how many professional adults have to hide their abilities and intelligence? I bet it's the same percentage cited in the article. Bullying just doesn't happen to the intelligent in grade school, but throughout their life and in the workplace.
I usually have quite high karma in Slashdot, but I've started playing my comments down to avoid bullies. (At least that's what I tell people, am actually really pretty stupid and lazy, but I like the bullying excuse more.)
witness the support for creationism and denial of climate change
This doesn't have anything to do with the article. The article is about bullying, not your favorite religious/political issue.
but that's just displaying your lack of analytic skills which in a normal studious person can quickly identify
Again, you regress to Ad Hominem attacks. Why are you so quick to point out how little estimation you have for other peoples' "analytical skills"?
The link between the two is that there will always be social pressure to conform, rather than rely on facts, hard evidence and logic. Ad hominem and appeal-to-authority/majority fallacies are just too easy to fall for.
They rehash shit like this every 10 years or so. OMFG the poor young people... same shit has been happening since the begging of modern time. Someone has to make their position look good on paper.
Being intelligent is not a felony. But most societies evaluate it as at least a misdemeanor.
Heinlein, from the 1950's
Civilized people behave civilized, barbaric people behave barbaric.
Guess who's most likely to start a fight and who's most likely to win that fight?
Socrates' last words:
"I drank what?"
All the kids hated and insulted me
So, I made friends with the teachers and school administration
Concentrated totally on academic excellence
Totally ignored the other kids
Yeah, I found out in college that you don't want to correct the teacher and then prove it mathematically. He was wrong about a crucial part of power supply design, but I quickly realized I should have kept my damned mouth shut and just gotten that question "wrong". It would have done less damage.
Last, but not least, AP Calc has yet to help me in life
Don't knock AP Calculus.
It's a lot cheaper to take the class in high school and pay for the AP test than to pay college tuition later.
Where the f' are the parents in all this?
That is a fantastic question. But... Whose parents? Note that the victims parents can't teach the bully that he's misbehaving.
When I was in junior high, I was bullied frequently and mercilessly. My parents did get involved. They were told by the school councilor that I just had a self-esteem problem (I didn't) which somehow made myself a target (blame the victim, anyone?). They were told by teachers that there was nothing they could do (not true). They were told by administrators that everything was fine. They weren't permitted to contact the other students' parents. I blame the school system (primarily) for permitting bullying.
In a work environment, just as in school, you get along by pretending to be like everyone else, and as dumb as everyone else, particularly your managers. Lip service is always given to tolerance, but lip service is all it is.
In Asia, overachievers and well-studying kids are looked up to. While that still doesn't make them the 'cool' kids, they do just fine socially and have no such problems as TFA.
I suggest North American culture change its stigma of nerds, geeks, and intelligence, or face vastly deteriorating social values and social/scientific progress.
yes, overachievers are respected in the east. but bullying is just as strong in the east
so who is bullied?
the misfits
stupidity is the rallying cry of the western bully. conformity is the rallying cry of the eastern bully
and i will assert to you that the misfits hold more of the keys to cultural, political, social, and technological advancement in society than a mindlessly conforming unoriginal egghead
furthermore, we'll just wait for the asian eggheads to come to the west:
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/01/wo [nytimes.com]
The Election is Over, and the Math Geeks Won.
Obama's data geeks have made Karl Rove and Dick Morris obsolete
The Real Election-Day Winner? Math Geeks.
Math nerds score big wins with superstorm Sandy, Obama victory
A library datebase, not just for science nerds
This is only from recent events, but the same type of headlines are repeated all the time. Why the hell would any child want to be good at something that puts them into a category that is openly disdained in our culture?
I prefer to think of it as hiding my secret identity.
made things a lot worse. When my oldest (who is actually good at math) went to school, he never got in trouble because he'd get some A's, a few B's and occasionally he'd even get an F... by now, math and other subjects are so dumbed down that any reasonably smart person gets straight A's - and suddenly you're being punished for being too smart... In the end, we need kids to fail more in every way.
Dearies, when I was growing up in India, I was very good in academics. Yes I was good in a number of extra curricular activities too, but acads were stellar. I was fit, but except for some recreational table-tennis, I was not much into competitive sports. Oh btw, I was a small kid in stature compared to others. Anyway, I was actually respected, especially because of the acads. And thankfully the culture has not changed much at all. Kids who are talented in sciences and acads, or other stuff, get respect, and are considered cool enough to hang out with - it's not the losers who sit around and are bulky that are considered cool (well, India being India, if the losers start getting physical, rest assured there are external contractors whom your parents can hire to take care of the matter quickly - and the losers know that too).
Anyway - this is good news for India and china. At least their brainy kids would not be beaten up and turned away from studies by the idiots. No immediate worries of ending up as an idiocracy. I guess future generations of Indian and chinese kids will thank the prolific US 'cool' football and basketball stars for beating up the brainy ones and damaging them permanently.
Good show USA.
This has been going on for a long time, and no, it isn't just public schools.
George Orwell mentioned getting mocked -- by the headmaster's wife, for cripes sake -- for being part of a group that collected insects. ("Such, Such Were the Joys.")
But the OA made me think of this Freeman Dyson quote:
"So it happened that I belonged to a small minority of boys who were lacking in physical strength and athletic prowess, interested in other things besides football, and squeezed between the twin oppressions of whip and sandpaper. We hated the headmaster with his Latin grammar and we hated even more the boys with their empty football heads. So what could the poor helpless minority of intellectuals, later and in another country to be known as nerds, do to defend ourselves? We found our refuge in a territory that was equally inaccessible to our Latin-obsessed headmaster and our football-obsessed schoolmates. We found our refuge in science. With no help from the school authorities, we founded a science society. As a persecuted minority, we kept a low profile. We held our meetings quietly and inconspicuously. We could do no real experiments. All we could do was share books and explain to each other what we didn't understand. But we learned a lot. Above all, we learned those lessons that can never be taught by formal courses of instruction; that science is a conspiracy of brains against ignorance, that science is a revenge of victims against oppressors, that science is a territory of freedom and friendship in the midst of tyranny and hatred."
-- From "To Teach or Not to Teach," 1990
To a nerd, acquiring social skills merely means learning that he can never mention anything he really cares about, and that he must learn to politely endure other people's boring rants without showing it. And then people wonder why he dislikes socializing.
People don't get bullied for being good at soccer or for being good at art.
There was a girl in my class in middle school who was first rate at figure skating, and never got picked on at all. There were kids who were good at art and other things
There was a girl hideously deformed in the jaw and neck who showed up one day. No one said a word for two months, then the dam burst. I'd been in a children's hospital down the hall from a burn unit. I wasn't having any of it. Most of the adults who came to visit were so green around the gills to step onto that ward you almost needed a bucket in the hallway.
Sam Harris says we grant religious beliefs too much automatic deference. I think this also extends to our little rotters. There's something terribly vicious in young children that we neither discuss nor study to the extent warranted by their appalling capacity for social cruelty.
Not my little angel! Well, I suspect your little angel has become adept at emulating attitudes learned at home.
The social violence of little angels should be news. Today and every day. Do people think it just goes away, or does it merely mutate into more mature forms? I'm not trying to stamp out scorn or derision. That's a fact of life, man. But I do think that the use of "gay" as a generic adjective of derision should get the little rotters shuffled onto a short bus for the social learning disabled.
High time "gay" went the way of DUI, where nearly everyone looks at you funny, like you're charting a life course for a wall-mounted chrome toilet with no lid.
This problem eventually goes away as people are sorted into classes based on their achievement.
It is caused because schools are a "melting pot" for people from various social strata, personalities and intellectual levels.
As people go through life, they tend to segregate and associate with similar people.So bullying based on intelligence diminishes or goes away entirely. I mean, you're not going to be bullied by your peers for being smart if you're a grad student in engineering physics.
The fix is to identify
...that was bothered by them referring to 12% as "one in 10"? It's closer to one in eight (12.5%) or one in nine (11.11...%) than one in ten (10%).
Maybe if they had spent less time writing about non-newsworthy topics that have remained unchanged for decades and more time studying their math while not caring what other people said about their intelligence they'd have not made a mistake like that.
They were just intentionally making dumb mistakes so the other authors wouldn't bully them.
An anti bullying organization does a study and finds alarming rates of anti-academic bullying. Oh the surprise!
I went through the UK school system in a steelworks-and-mining area. Being academically successful was not a problem. I had friends up and down the academic scale. There was a palpable mutual dislike between the sports types (rugby mostly) and the academic types. But that was not a 'problem' academically. The teachers were divided along similar lines.
It probably goes on, but 90% is a nonsense numbe
We're homeschooling my younger stepson. It was becoming clear that elementary school was simply a waste of his time, even when he was attending a progressive private school (with a generous tuition assistance program). He learns more efficiently on his own initiative. We live in an urban area, one in which there's a fairly substantial community of homeschoolers who coordinate activity, and of course there's the Internet. I'd say he has far more social interaction than I did at his age, both with other children and with adults.
From everything I've heard about modern educational theory, elementary school is pretty much pointless, and I'm increasingly dubious about the structure of later stages of formal education. I took classes on programming and system administration, and that prompted me to study specific topics that I wouldn't have, otherwise -- but, most of what I know about those subjects, I knew from tinkering with Linux on my own desktop, and most of the topics I studied that I wouldn't have on my own initiative, have proven to be obsolete or irrelevant to both my personal and my professional work. Meanwhile, I'm watching my ten-year-old, rapidly learning the ins and outs of package management and system administration, because of his interest in Minecraft.
The main problem with homeschooling, in general, is that I think it's relatively unusual for most people families to be able to ensure there's an adult at home to supervise a younger child. Fortunately, my wife is in graduate school, and my work schedule gives me several weekdays off, so there's always an adult around in our household; we also have adult relatives nearby, as backup. But, I think more broadly yet, our social and economic organization is grossly irrational. We work far more hours than we ought to -- real wages have been static in the US for forty years, even as productivity has more than doubled, so I think we'd all be better off in many ways if our wages were increased, we worked fewer hours, and we did less useless crap that just wastes resources to prop up an irrational economic system based on perpetual expansion.
The only way to deal with them is bash them. Sorry of that's not PC New York Times and soccer mommy friendly enough for you but that, fellow geeks and nerds is what you have to do.
Someone bullies you, break their arm. If they and their thug friends come back at you break their heads. If their mommies and daddies complain tell them everyone can live in a new house after their burns to the ground.
They're not human, they're animals and this is what you do with animals. You beat them until they stop.
"Someone bullies you, break their arm. If they and their thug friends come back at you break their heads. If their mommies and daddies complain tell them everyone can live in a new house after their burns to the ground."
You left out the quote attribution. Is that from Eric Harris or Dylan Klebold?
I wish it had been Eric Harris or Dylan Klebold. Littleton, CO would be better for it.
In school, I was bullied too. Here's the kicker - my dad was a cop, gunsmith, and holder of a Federal Firearms License. Yes, that means he sold guns.
My home had guns stacked like cordwood. I'm not exaggerating. I had my first rifle at age 11 and became very proficient - most of the guys on the force considered my dad the marksman of the group. Probably came from his stint in the military, but whatever. I think you get the picture. I knew my way around most guns, could hit what I wanted to, and had easy access to weapons of all sorts.
Here's the thing. I never took the bully's shit. They called me a name, I embarrassed them. They put a tack on my chair, I stabbed them in the kneecap with my automatic pencil. By the time I got to the back half of high school, I had no problems with people whatsoever.
You see, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold just sat there and took it. They tried to find an outlet for their rage - video games, violent movies, blowing stuff up in the woods - but in the end, it was never enough. Because they never learned to send the evil back where it came from.
Hate is like acid. Try to contain it, and you become the only thing that can hold it - glass. And when you do shatter, it gets really damn messy.
Eric and Dylan shattered. I never did, because I realized a long time earlier that holding it in was the path to self-destruction.
There are a LOT of smart people out there that nobody hates. Perhaps it says more about you and your ego, than about "society" that they don't like you.
I had a chat after a Cub Scout outing once, with one kid who was crying that "all the other kids hate me because I'm so much smarter than them".
Obviously, I couldn't say it to the kid, who just needed a sympathetic shoulder at the moment, but the fact is: any kid whose parents have taught him that he's such a special snowflake that he could even HAVE such an egotistical, obnoxious thought, is in for trouble.
And it's NOT because "he's so much smarter than everyone else". Not by a long shot.
A word has been invented and used to label what is essentially assault, simply because it is minors assaulting minors. Can we PLEASE call it what it is and DEAL WITH IT as ASSAULT? As in, treat it as a CRIMINAL OFFENCE instead of just saying "kids will be kids"
I wasn't "bullied" at school. I was ASSAULTED. My overachievement in all fields of study suffered, so by the time I got to college age I just couldn't be arsed any more. I went from straight-A to C/D/E/F in my GCSEs, and scraped by in A-level physics and biology and completely failed advanced math. Fortunately I managed to beat that stigma and went on to run several successful businesses, all of which I parted company with reputation intact and no creditors.
As an aside, schools don't like it when you send them Cease & Desist notices to get them to address problems of targetted assaults on their students which they're doing nothing about. They like it even less when you pull your own kids from their institutions citing "multiple assaults by students and teaching staff" with dates and times. They go all out to perjure themselves in sudden and unexpected parallel care proceedings when you file suit against the local education authority for failure to perform to expectations as Corporate Parents in ensuring student safety.
So it's not just a culture of "bullying" that schools are neglecting until it's thrown into the limelight by pissed off parents who are having to take their kids to the hospital every two weeks, it's a culture of perpetuation of the problem on the part of the institutions, whose staff themselves are PART OF THE PROBLEM. Let's have this all out in the open so we can DEAL WITH IT, before more kids die at the hands of these "bullies" through terminal attacks or suicides!
I totally agree.
My experience of early elementary school was that the bullies were actually encouraged by many of the teachers and administrators, and I was explicitly blamed for "inciting" them.
We live in a cruelly hierarchical society, in which victim-blaming is extremely common.
Vitamin C deficiency is apauling.


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Brett Ekblom Named to Keys Regional Board of Directors
Community Bank of Florida is pleased to announce that Brett Ekblom has been appointed to the Keys Regional Board of Directors. Mr. Ekblom is a Tavernier resident who graduated from Coral Shores High School and went on to pursue several endeavors, including earning his Commercial Pilot License, Flight Instructor License, Florida Real Estate Salesman License and his State of Florida General Contractor License. After six years in the industry, he decided to use his construction skills to form his own business, Native Construction Contracting, Inc. Although his business is now almost a decade old, Brett continues to refine his expertise, most recently earning his State of Florida Underground Utilities and Excavation Contractor License.
Brett stays busy managing projects, but always makes time to give back to his hometown. You may have seen him fundraising for college scholarships at the Island Mr. Legs Contest or Dancing with the Stars. He also lends his time as a board member of local organizations such as the Good Health Clinic and the Tavernaero Airport Property. The entire Community Bank team is excited to welcome such a dynamic new member to our Financial Family.
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COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – The Mountain West has announced that Las Vegas will continue to serve as the location for its men's and women's basketball championships through 2016.
The league's Board of Directors approved a three-year deal with Las Vegas Events to continue holding the MW Basketball Championships at the Thomas & Mack Center. Including the upcoming 2013 Reese's Mountain West Basketball Championships, the Thomas & Mack Center has served as the host site for the league's premier event a total of 11 years (2000-03 and 2007-present).
"The Mountain West Basketball Championships are a signature event that highlights our student-athletes, coaches and institutions," said MW Commissioner Craig Thompson. "Las Vegas is a destination city, and in recent years has become a hotbed for NCAA basketball. Extensive research has proven that MW fans prefer this location over any other, and our partnership with Las Vegas Events and the Thomas & Mack Center enables us to put on a first-class event, filled with the excitement and competitive spirit that defines Mountain West basketball."
Over its previous 10 years in Las Vegas, the Mountain West Basketball Championships has enjoyed steady growth, with total overall attendance rising from 46,141 at the inaugural event in 2000 to a record-setting figure of 82,787 in 2011. Over the last three years, average attendance at the men's championship has exceeded 12,000, including sellouts of 18,500 for the 2010 semifinals and 2011 semifinals and championship. During that same span, four women's sessions have exceeded an average attendance of 5,000.
"The Mountain West Basketball Championships and Las Vegas have proven to be a winning combination for more than 10 years," said Pat Christenson, president of Las Vegas Events. "Our organization is committed to showcasing Las Vegas through world-class events, and this tournament has proven to be a great attraction for basketball fans throughout the country. Las Vegas has been a partner of the Mountain West since its inception, and we look forward to continuing our partnership with this premier conference for many years to come."
The Thomas & Mack Center hosts several world-class events each year, including the National Finals Rodeo, as well as concerts and boxing matches. The venue has also played host to the ESPY and MTV Music Awards, and the 2007 NBA All-Star Game.
"We are extremely happy to announce this extension of the MW Basketball Championships at the Thomas & Mack Center," said TMC Executive Director Mike Newcomb. "The Mountain West is and will continue to be a great partner of the facility and we look forward to hosting one of the most exciting college basketball tournaments in the country for years to come."


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Ann Richards documentary coming to HBO
Published 8:20 am, Thursday, April 24, 2014
A documentary about former Texas governor Ann Richards is coming to HBO next week, after making the rounds on the film festival circuit.
"All About Ann: Governor Richards of the Lone Star State" is directed by Keith Patterson and Phillip Schopper.
According to HBO's synopsis, the documentary traces Richards' life from her poor, rural childhood, her days as a schoolteacher, and first stirrings as a politician, and on to being the second female governor of Texas.
That trademark shocking white hair is also said to be a hot topic in the film.
A cast of political heavy hitters and news pundits also weigh in on Richards' liberal legacy. Expect interviews from her family, friends, plus Bill Clinton, Nancy Pelosi, and columnist Liz Smith among many others. Judging by the short trailer that HBO has provided, her brashness will definitely be the starring character.
The 82-minute documentary airs Monday, April 28, at 8pm, with re-airings scheduled in the days after.
Richards died in Sept. 2006 at the age of 73 from complications related to esophageal cancer.