text:
ADL's pro-Israel mindset leads it to perpetuate anti-Muslim worldview
by founding members of the Jews Against Islamophobia Coalition, Donna Nevel and Elly Bulkin
The Anti-Defamation League bills itself, and is typically seen by many in the mainstream Jewish community and beyond, as the "nation's premier civil rights/human relations agency."[1] In fact, the ADL's conduct over the years is at odds with this one-dimensional view of the group as a long-time champion of civil liberties. The ADL mission statement, for instance, describes it as a group that "fights all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals and protects civil rights for all."[2] Yet, a record going back decades shows something very different, including a shift "from civil rights monitoring to espionage and intelligence gathering."[3] Mistrust of the ADL among those concerned about civil and human rights has deep roots.
In the 1970s, the ADL, which had been tracking neo-Nazis and other right-wing U.S. groups, began to also focus on critics of Israeli policies.[4] Since the 1970s, the ADL and its chapters have issued numerous publications to expose alleged "Arab propaganda" on university campuses and to silence and intimidate Arab Americans and others who did not share their perspective on Israel.[5] Branding any criticism of Israel as "anti-Semitism," ADL publications like Pro-Arab Propaganda in America: Vehicles and Voices, a Handbook (1983) effectively developed a "blacklist" of faculty, staff, and campus groups.[6] The Middle East Studies Association singled out "the New England Regional Office of the ADL for circulating a document on college campuses 'listing factually inaccurate and unsubstantiated assertions that defame specific students, teachers, and researchers as 'pro Arab propagandists.'"[7]
Front-page investigative reports in the San Francisco Examiner during the winter and spring of 1993 revealed that the ADL had been carrying out surveillance of almost 10,000 people and 950 organizations.[8] The Examiner reported that the ADL particularly targeted Arab Americans and Arab American organizations and also spied on such groups as the ACLU, ACT UP, Artists Against Apartheid, Americans for Peace Now, Asian Law Caucus, Greenpeace, NAACP, New Jewish Agenda, and the United Farm Workers, as well as three current or past members of Congress.[9] The FBI had also found that the ADL had been sending surveillance information on U.S. anti-apartheid groups to South Africa (which was an ally of Israel).[10]
The San Francisco Examiner exposé revealed that the ADL's domestic spying involved a San Francisco police officer and a "full-time salaried undercover investigator," who had been working for the ADL for 32 years.[11] Running "a public/private spying ring," the ADL received aid from local police and federal agencies.[12] The Examiner reported that "FBI documents released through the Freedom of Information Act show that special agents in charge of FBI field offices throughout the nation were explicitly ordered by Bureau headquarters in Washington, D.C. during the 1980s to cooperate with the ADL."[13] Six years after the filing of a class action suit coordinated by the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), the ADL was fined in 1999 and "under the permanent injunction issued by Federal Judge Richard Paez . . . [was] permanently enjoined from engaging in any further illegal spying against Arab-American and other civil rights groups."[14] As Nabeel Abraham has written in "Anti-Arab Racism and Violence in the United States," "The overall effect of the ADL's practices is to reinforce the image of Arabs as terrorists and security threats, thereby creating a climate of fear, suspicion, and hostility toward Arab-Americans and others who espouse critical views of Israel, possibly leading to death threats and bodily harm."[15]
The ADL's anti-Arab, staunchly pro-Israel mindset, which was behind decades of illegal spying, enabled it to easily incorporate an anti-Muslim worldview that has become increasingly pervasive after 9/11.[16] This has been a period of growing popularity for the "clash of civilizations theory," which characterizes the causes of conflict in the post-Cold War world as fundamental "cultural" differences between Islamic and Western civilizations, rather than history, politics, imperialism, neo-colonialism, struggles over natural resources, or other factors.[17] Further, the Islamophobic belief that all Muslims were responsible for the 9/11 attacks and that all Muslims, as well as Arabs and South Asians, should be targeted provides a dominant U.S. narrative that brands all members of these groups as "terrorists," "potential terrorists," or "terrorist-sympathizers."[18] Like others within and outside the Jewish community, the ADL views the U.S. focus on the domestic and global "war on terror" as integral to ensuring Israeli security and maintaining the United States' "special" relationship with Israel.
During the post-9/11 period, the ADL engaged in a number of actions that targeted Muslims and Arabs. It also marked a time when the ADL, with allies like Daniel Pipes' Freedom Forum, was busily labeling mainstream Muslim community groups as "terrorist sympathizers" and trying to exclude them from the public sphere.[19] Although the ADL was rebuffed, it brought pressure to prevent representatives from the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR), the country's largest Muslim civil liberties group, from speaking at the November 2001 Florida Commission on Human Relations annual conference, "Day of Dialogue Across Ethnic, Cultural and Religious Lines," and then, around a month later, at a public hearing of the State of California Select Committee on Hate Crimes. [20]
In 2003, an ADL press release praised President George W. Bush for appointing Daniel Pipes to the board of the United States Institute for Peace.[21] Pipes believes that "militant Islam" is "infiltrating America" and supports student monitoring of professors for their views on the Arab-Israeli conflict. [22] While the ADL commented on Pipes' "important approach and perspective," Muslim and Arab American leaders characterized his appointment as "a slap in the face for Islam" and described him as "a bigot" who "promotes fear and hatred of many communities, not just Arabs and Muslims." [23] As a result of strong opposition to Pipes by Senator Edward Kennedy and other Senate Judiciary Committee members, President Bush had to resort to a recess appointment of Pipes.[24]
Another attack on Islam and the Muslim community took place in 2004, when the ADL, along with the American Jewish Congress and the Zionist Organization of America, charged that Muslim students at the University of California Irvine who planned to wear Shahadas, green Arabic-covered stoles, at graduation were expressing hate and glorifying suicide bombers.[25] By the time the three Jewish groups had bothered to get an accurate translation of the Arabic, "The O'Reilly Factor" and others had already repeated the charges as fact. On one side the stole contained the Shahada or Muslim declaration of faith ("There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah's prophet"), while the other side said, "Oh, God, increase my knowledge."
The ADL apologized, but insisted that it remained "deeply troubled" by a garment that, it said, "has been closely associated with Palestinian terrorists."[26] The American Jewish Congress did not respond, and the Zionist Organization of America saw no need to apologize, afterwards calling for action against "this outrageous and immoral conduct" that, according to them, exhibited insensitivity to "what many find as offensive." In an article that was otherwise sympathetic to the students, the Jewish Daily Forward headline, "Muslim Students Get Apology in a Tiff Over 'Shahada' Scarf" minimized the impact on the students, their families and their community.[27]
In the past decade, the ADL has been on the anti-Muslim side of three high-profile Islamophobic campaigns: the multi-year initiative to block the building of the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center; an anti-Muslim smear campaign targeting educator Debbie Almontaser and the Khalil Gibran International Academy, the country's first English-Arabic dual language public school; and Park51, the proposed mosque and Islamic cultural center in lower Manhattan. Members of what Center for American Progress researchers have called "the Islamophobia network in America" played a role in instigating each of these local campaigns—fear-mongering, providing misinformation, and using the right-wing media and blogosphere to foment or sustain a high level of anti-Islam sentiment.[28] And each received some measure of support from members of the local Jewish establishment, including the ADL.
The Boston mosque controversy took five years to play out. Instigated in 2002 by William Sapers, who had done work with the ADL, opposition to the mosque construction was subsequently backed by Charles Jacobs of the David Project, Citizens for Peace and Tolerance, and other hardline pro-Israel groups and individuals, including Steven Emerson, who has claimed that Islam "sanctions genocide, planned genocide, as part of its religious doctrine."[29] After the Islamic Society of Boston (ISB) broke ground in 2002, the right-wingBoston Herald—using information provided mostly by Emerson—charged the ISB with having connections to "radical Islamic" groups, such as Hamas and Hezbollah.[30] Newspaper coverage included an incendiary picture of the planned mosque next to one of Osama bin Laden.[31]
The opponents also recruited someone to file a suit against the Islamic Society of Boston (ultimately dismissed as "without merit"), and the Islamic Society filed a suit alleging a conspiracy "to libel the ISB, its leadership and to prevent the Muslim community from establishing a place of worship."[32] The Boston Jewish establishment characterized the conflict not as libel or conspiracy against Muslims, but as a "free speech" right to raise concerns about links to "Islamic terrorism."[33] Although the ISB community expressed willingness to be part of multiple mediation efforts initiated by both Jewish and interfaith groups, the mosque opponents refused.
The ADL's public role in this controversy appeared at first to be limited. It criticized as anti-Semitic statements made by an ISB trustee and condemned the Islamic Society of Boston for its failure to promptly renounce anti-Semitism and "terrorism."[34] Subsequently, the Islamic Society of Boston distanced itself from the trustee's statements, and the trustee apologized for them to a group of religious and lay leaders, including a representative of the David Project.[35]
The ADL, as it later did with Park 51, gave cover and credibility to the right-wing anti-Muslim forces. It did not publicly criticize the ways in which the anti-mosque camp used an alarmist, anti-Muslim media campaign to capitalize on the prevailing post-9/11 narrative that links Muslims with "terrorism." Nor did it express public reservations about anti-mosque advocates who are prominent anti-Muslim ideologues, including Steven Emerson, a researcher with a history of erroneous and virulently anti-Muslim findings, and Robert Spencer, who spoke out against the mosque at a Newton synagogue (and whom the ADL has since identified as co-founding an organization with a "conspiratorial anti-Muslim agenda").[36]
Like other local mainstream Jewish groups, the ADL failed to publicly place in a larger context the litany of accusations that right-wing Jewish groups and individuals brought against the Islamic Society of Boston and its leaders. Placing it in just such a context, Cecilie Surasky of Jewish Voice for Peace maintained that the anti-mosque forces were engaged in a "fishing expedition for ways to block the mosque in Boston [that] crossed a line from citizen's advocacy to profoundly shameful efforts at preventing a group from practicing their religion."[37]
Subpoenaed emails released in 2007 indicated that the ADL seems to have played more of a role than had been apparent from its public positions.[38] The emails revealed that the David Project and others "had worked actively to initiate the lawsuit [against the mosque] and news stories as part of their 'strategies to attack the mosque.'"[39] Furthermore, in a 2004 email that proposed reaching out to the ADL, mosque opponent Steve Cohen stated that the ADL was "much more concerned and knowledgeable about this matter than their public statements would indicate. But, being associated with various ecumenical [read: interfaith] efforts, they are reluctant to be the lightning rod on this issue."[40] In 2007, when the emails became public, the Islamic Society of Boston identified Robert Leikind, the executive director of the ADL (New England Region), as among those who "collaborated" with The David Project, Emerson, and others in the campaign against the mosque.[41]
Despite opponents' attempts to stop the mosque, the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center opened in 2007 under the management of the Muslim American Society.[42]
Also in 2007, the Khalil Gibran International Academy (KGIA) in New York City was about to open. In the spring of 2007, members of the country's Islamophobia network initiated media and internet attacks on the school and its founding principal, Debbie Almontaser, an Arab American and observant Muslim who was widely respected as an educator and bridge-builder. Frank Gaffney, for example, who views mosques as "Trojan horses" in Muslim attempts to promote "sedition" and impose "Sharia Law" on the United States, claimed that, if opened, the school would be an Islamist "beachhead in Brooklyn." [43] Opposition to the school by Gaffney, Daniel Pipes, Pamela Geller and other anti-Muslim ideologues gathered limited support. But, in August 2007, the group that the anti-KGIA forces formed, the Stop the Madrassa Coalition, found "the ultimate pretext to ignite a media firestorm" by trying to connect Almontaser to "Intifada NYC" T-shirts made by an Arab youth organization that used space in an office of a group on whose board she served.[44]
Attacks on the school and Almontaser intensified after a New York Post reporter asked Almontaser "about the origin of the word 'intifada.'" Almontaser responded that "the Arabic root word from which the word intifada originates means 'shake off' and that it has evolved over time to have different meanings for different people, but certainly for many, given its association with the Palestinian/Israeli conflict during which thousands have died, it is associated with violence."[45] The New York Post mischaracterized and sensationalized her comment in a headline that read: "City Principal Is 'Revolting.'"[46]
At this point, some Jewish groups, including the ADL, which had been supportive of Almontaser in the face of early opposition to the school, changed their position, despite knowing full well that virulent Islamophobes and tabloid journalists were distorting her views. Though Abraham Foxman, ADL's national director, for instance, believed that Almontaser could "absolutely" continue work with the ADL, because "she continues to be an important person in interfaith relations," he blamed her for the dispute and viewed her removal as principal as appropriate. "She gave herself a body blow," Foxman said, "making her unacceptable as principal of Khalil Gibran."[47] Foxman thereby threw the weight of the ADL behind the New York City political powers who forced her resignation—Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Schools Chancellor Joel Klein—and did not challenge the blatant Islamophobic attacks on Almontaser that Frank Gaffney, Daniel Pipes, and other anti-Muslim ideologues spearheaded.
In March 2010, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission completely vindicated Almontaser. The EEOC concluded that the New York City Department of Education (DOE) "succumbed to the very bias that creation of the school was intended to dispel and a small segment of the public succeeded in imposing its prejudices on DOE as an employer."[48] The EEOC found that DOE had discriminated against Almontaser on the basis of her "race, religion and national origin."[49] The ADL remained silent.
Although the ADL played a relatively small role in the Khalil Gibran controversy, it caused a great stir within the Jewish community when, in 2010, Foxman criticized the proposal for Park51 on the grounds that it would be in the vicinity of Ground Zero. Foxman argued that, though the planners had the right to locate a mosque and community center there, it was insensitive for them to do so.[50] He perpetuated the Islamophobic assumption that, because a small number of Muslims attacked the World Trade Center, all Muslims were responsible--a type of collective guilt never assumed about other religions. Commenting on this premise, Jon Moscow of Jews for Racial and Economic Justice noted, "We don't hear anyone saying that there should be a 'church-free' area around the Oklahoma City Federal Building because Timothy McVeigh claimed to be acting as a Christian."[51]
Jews who were opposed to the ADL position offered multiple critiques of it. Rabbi Haim Dov Beliak of JewsOnFirst.com, a First Amendment group, and a board member of the Progressive Jewish Alliance, pointed out the irony of Jewish leaders supporting the concept of an "Islam-free zone."[52] In a statement put out by Jews Against Islamophobia, Rebecca Vilkomerson, director of Jewish Voice for Peace, said, "As Islamophobia rises in the U.S. and becomes the racism that dares to speak its name, it is terribly disappointing to see that organizations that were supposedly founded to promote tolerance and civil rights are failing to stand up for the rights of Muslim Americans."[53]
But, despite such critiques, the ADL position had a broad impact. Within the mainstream Jewish community, this position, along with the anti-Muslim statements of some other Jewish groups, had a chilling effect on those wanting to express public support for Park51. At the December 2010 Rabbis for Human Rights conference, Rabbi Joy Levitt, executive director of the Jewish Community Center (JCC) of Manhattan, alluded to the ADL and referred more generally to having heard "comments of 'fear, ignorance, xenophobia' from members of the Jewish community when her support for the Cordoba House [Park51] was publicized." "Jewish leaders," Rabbi Levitt said, "made this a more complicated issue than it needed to be. [They] made it very difficult for the rest of the community'—less-prominent individuals who support the Islamic center—'to speak out."[54]
In the larger political world, the ADL position legitimized and fueled Islamophobia. Mainstream critiques of the ADL position came, for example, from the Union of Reform Judaism, whose then-president Rabbi Eric Yoffie said:
. . .the effect of [the ADL's position] . . . was to open the floodgates and lend weight and legitimacy to those whose primary concern was not Ground Zero or the victims' families but, instead, inciting hatred against American Muslims. . . Most of what we've witnessed in recent weeks has nothing whatever to do with location-specific issues related to the World Trade Center site. Most of what we've witnessed is an orgy of hatred against Muslims and a concerted effort to exclude a group of our fellow citizens from our neighborhoods and to limit their ability to worship as they choose in America.[55]The ADL did not apologize for how it had helped legitimize virulent anti-Muslim sentiment and action. However, it did release a statement in late August that condemned the Park51 opponents primarily responsible for amping up Islamophobia.[56] And five and a half weeks after announcing its position on Park51 and being roundly criticized by some other mainstream Jewish organizations, the ADL announced the creation of a new group that it had initiated and sponsored, the Interfaith Coalition on Mosques (ICOM). "Concerned with a disturbing rise in discrimination against Muslims trying to legally build or expand their houses of worship—mosques—across the United States," the ICOM statement of purpose reads, "interfaith and religious leaders have formed a coalition to assist those Muslim communities confronting opposition."[57]
A connection between Park51 and the ICOM announcement was impossible to ignore. "Conspicuously absent from the group's statement of purpose..." noted an article in the Jerusalem Post, "is any mention of New York City."[58] As one report in the U.S. Jewish press noted, the ADL "established [ICOM], conspicuously, after its wrongheaded stance" on Park51.[59] The timing of the announcement led Foxman to acknowledge that it did "give the impression that the group is paying penance for its opposition to the New York Islamic center."[60] It also (conveniently) gave him the opportunity to trumpet the ADL's "commitment" to Muslims' religious liberty and explain once again his opposition to Park51.[61]
In the past couple of years, the ADL has backed mosque construction in California, Georgia and Tennessee, and condemned anti-Muslim hate speech and various acts of individual violence against Muslim American institutions and individuals.[62] It has also opposed the state anti-Sharia laws that are part of a nationwide Islamophobic smear campaign to promote the baseless accusation that Muslims plan to take over the U.S. legal system.[63] In 2011, the ADL condemned the "significant level of anti-Muslim bigotry [that] has surfaced in a variety of public forums over the past year" and issued "backgrounders" on David Yerushalmi, "the driving force' behind anti-Sharia efforts in the United States."[64] It subsequently posted backgrounders on other members of the national Islamophobia network, such as Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer's Stop Islamization of America.[65] However, the ADL did not acknowledge its own anti-Muslim role at the University of California at Irvine, in Boston and New York City, and in several decades of spying on Arab Americans and progressive activists.
While we can locate articles about the ADL speaking out against Islamophobia, we don't have the same sort of records to document its silent complicity. But, for a group like the ADL that sees itself as committed to "civil rights for all," the public battles it avoids—not just those it undertakes—can be instructive. The ADL, which is headquartered in New York City, has been noticeably silent about the New York City Police Department's attacks on the civil liberties of Muslim Americans.
The NYPD is part of the broad U.S. counter-terrorism effort, characterized by pervasive civil liberties violations and driven by a "war on terror," in which the U.S. government views Israel as its invaluable ally. The ADL's failure to speak out against NYPD civil liberties abuses is totally consistent with the organization's strong support for both Israeli and U.S. policies, as well as with its long-standing anti-Muslim and anti-Arab history. Further, the ADL has long-standing ties to the NYPD (as well as federal agencies) through ADL anti-terrorism training programs, including training in Israel and instruction in both Israel and the United States by Israeli security forces that routinely view Arabs and Muslims as the enemy.[66]
Three examples of the NYPD'S infringement on the civil rights of Muslims are particularly salient.
In 2007, the NYPD issued Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat, which laid out several unsound, dangerous anti-Muslim assumptions that motivated NYPD actions and policies and served as a template for other law enforcement agencies.[67] Speciously linking Islam and terror, this report provides the theoretical foundation for the NYPD's development of a four-stage post-9/11 "theory of radicalization" that views acts like "giving up cigarettes, drinking, gambling," as well as opposition to U.S. policies and actions, as precursors to a Muslim man's "self-designation" as a "holy warrior."[68] The Muslim American Civil Liberties Coalition, created in the wake of the report, and groups like the American Civil Liberties Union, the Brennan Center for Justice (New York University) and the Center for Constitutional Rights expressed "serious civil liberties concerns" about the type of approach to "homegrown terrorism" taken by the NYPD.[69] But not the ADL.
Similarly, news about Police Commissioner Ray Kelly's appearance in The Third Jihad (2009), a rabidly Islamophobic propaganda film, and its showing to nearly 1,500 officers at NYPD training sessions led to widespread community outrage.[70] Before the public learned the truth, the NYPD claimed that the film had been "mistakenly screened 'a couple of times'" and that Kelly had not been specially interviewed but appeared only in old film clips.[71] The Brennan Center engaged in a "nine-month legal battle" for access to NYPD information about the extent of The Third Jihad showings.[72] Unlike other local civil liberties groups, the ADL neither condemned Kelly and the NYPD nor spoke out about the need for honesty and transparency.
In 2011-2012, a series of Pulitzer Prize-winning Associated Press articles found that the CIA had enlisted the help of the NYPD in order to target Muslims because of their religion, not because of indicators of criminal activity—infiltrating about 250 mosques in New York. [73] The NYPD went far beyond legitimate law enforcement interests to targeting people in several Northeast states just because they were Muslims.[74] As the public learned more details, a broad coalition of Muslim American and other community and civil rights groups criticized NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly and called for his resignation.[75] Anger at the spying initiative and The Third Jihad was heightened by an aggressive stop-and-frisk policy that targeted residents of color. The ADL did not join the many civil rights groups that condemned the NYPD's actions.
Instead, the ADL had cast its lot with the NYPD. It was not deterred by the 2011 AP revelations about the NYPD surveillance operations.[76] Even after this information had become widely known, the ADL gave Thomas Galati, commanding officer of the Intelligence Division, an award for "outstanding achievements in combatting terrorism, extremism, and injustice."[77] In June 2012, Galati gave a deposition that made clear that, rather than having an outstanding track record as chief of this Division, the NYPD's more than six years of spying on the Muslim American community "never generated a lead or triggered a terrorism investigation."[78] The ADL made no public comment on the fundamental injustice of a spying program that targets people based on religion, as well as on linguistic and geographical profiling.
While others expressed outrage at the NYPD's spying on the Muslim community and its religious, ethnic, and racial profiling, the ADL stood up for Muslims only in limited ways, like condemning the more outwardly rabid Muslim ideologues, such as Geller, Spencer and Yerushalmi. It was obviously unwilling to challenge the NYPD and Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who fully backed both the commissioner and his approach to information-gathering and profiling.
The ADL spent decades compiling dossiers, collaborating with local police and the FBI, and engaging in illegal surveillance of Palestinians, other Arabs, and groups and individuals who did not share its pro-Israel politics and worldview. More recently, it has (at times) backed Muslims' religious freedom and condemned anti-Muslim hate speech. But it has also continued to target Muslims and Arabs, been on the anti-Muslim side of Islamophobic campaigns, and failed to challenge the NYPD's aggressive and discriminatory surveillance of the Muslim community. Informed by its support for the domestic and global "war on terror" and right-wing Israeli policies, the ADL continues, with appalling frequency, to abandon its stated mission—to protect "civil rights for all."
Research by Elly Bulkin. Read the authors' previous articles: "How the Jewish Establishment's Litmus Test on Israel Fuels Anti-Muslim Bigotry" and "Follow the Money: From Islamophobia to Israel Right or Wrong."
[1] ADL, "About the Anti-Defamation League," link to www.adl.org (accessed Feb. 25, 2012).
[2] ADL, "About the Anti-Defamation League."
[3] Peter Schey of the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law, lead counsel in the suit against the ADL, paraphrased in Michael Gillespie, "Los Angeles Court Hands Down Final Judgment in Anti-Defamation League Illegal Surveillance Case," The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 1999, link to washreport.net (accessed Dec. 22, 2011).
[4] Dennis King & Chip Berlet, "ADLgate," Tikkun Magazine, July/August 1993, link to www.tikkun.org (accessed Feb. 25, 2012).
[5] Susan M. Akram & Kevin R. Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001: The Targeting of Arabs and Muslims," New York University Annual Survey of American Law 58 (2002), 304, link to www.law.nyu.edu; Joel Beinin, "The New McCarthyism: Policing Thought about the Middle East," in Beshara Doumani, Academic Freedom After September 11 (Brooklyn, NY: Zone Books, 2006), 249. Also available at http://www.stanford.edu/~beinin/New_McCarthyism.html (both accessed Feb. 25, 2012).
[6] Akram & Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001," 304; and Beinin, "The New McCarthyism."
[7] Phebe Marr, "MESA Condemns Blacklisting," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 17, 1984, 8 link to www.wrmea.com (accessed Feb. 25, 2012).
[8] Abdeen Jabara, "The Anti-Defamation League: Civil Rights and Wrongs," Covert Action Quarterly 45 (Summer 1993), 28-33, link to cosmos.ucc.ie (accessed December 22, 2011); King & Berlet, "ADLgate"; Akram & Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001," 306-307.
[9] Jabara, "The Anti-Defamation League: Civil Rights and Wrongs"; King & Berlet, "ADLgate"; Akram & Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001," 306-307.
[10] Jabara, "The Anti-Defamation League: Civil Rights and Wrongs"; King & Berlet, "ADLgate."
[11] Quote from Jabara, "The Anti-Defamation League: Civil Rights and Wrongs." Also see King & Berlet, "ADLgate."
[12] King & Berlet, "ADLgate."
[13] Examiner Staff Report, "Anti-Defamation League: A History of Collecting Data," San Francisco Examiner, April 1, 1993, cited in Jabara, "The Anti-Defamation League: Civil Rights and Wrongs."
[14] Quote from Hussein Ibish of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), in Michael Gillespie, "Los Angeles Court Hands Down Final Judgment in Anti-Defamation League Illegal Surveillance Case."
[15] Nabeel Abraham, "Anti-Arab Racism and Violence in the United States," in The Development of Arab-American Identity, ed. Ernest Nasseph McCarus (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1994), 187; cited in Akram & Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001," 308.
According to a 2005 Los Angeles Times article on the seven Palestinians and one Kenyan who would become known as the Los Angeles 8:
After the arrests in 1987, Anti-Defamation League officials claimed that the investigation had been triggered by information developed by their organization. They would back away from this boast a few years later, however, in the wake of embarrassing disclosures that ADL operatives in several cities, including Los Angeles, had kept thousands of covert files on people they deemed worthy of extra vigilance. Indeed, ADL files on [defendants] Hamide and Shehadeh did turn up. (Peter H. King, "18 Years Waiting for a Gavel to Fall," Los Angeles Times, June 29, 2005, link to articles.latimes.com [accessed Dec. 22, 2011]).
The government case against the Los Angeles 8 did not conclude until 2007, when the government dropped charges. The presiding judge held that "'the attenuation of these proceedings is a festering wound on the body of these respondents [Khader M. Hamide and Michel I. Shehadeh] and an embarrassment to the rule of law' and . . . [found] that 'the government has failed to carry its burden of proving respondents deportable based on clear, unequivocal, and convincing evidence.'" ("The L.A. 8 Decision," n.d., Progressive Jewish Alliance Policy Statement, link to www.pjalliance.org [accessed December 22, 2011]). Although the government brought no criminal charges against the defendants, they did indict six for visa violations and charged the two permanent residents, on the basis of their association with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, with distributing materials that supported "world communism" and the overthrow of the U.S. government (Akram & Johnson, "Race, Civil Rights, and Immigration Law after September 11, 2001," 317-321). The Progressive Jewish Alliance noted that the defendants had engaged in "activities that would clearly be constitutionally protected if undertaken by U.S. citizens" ("The L.A. 8 Decision," Progressive Jewish Alliance Policy Statement).
[16] For a discussion of a shift from "the emphasis . . . on the PLO and the conflation of Arabs with terrorism" to a focus on "Islamic terrorism," see Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire (Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books, 2012), 121. Also Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, A History of Islam in America (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 307-309.
[17] Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Free Press, 1996); and Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs 72 (Summer, 1993): 22-28. As Edward Said has noted, between the 1993 essay and the 1996 book, Huntington's work lost its question mark. (Said, "The Myth of 'The Clash of Civilizations,'" Media Education Foundation Transcript, 1998, 2. link to www.mediaed.org [accessed Dec. 3, 2011]).
[18] See, for example, Sunaina Maira, "Islamophobia and the War on Terror: Youth, Citizenship, and Dissent," in Islamophobia: The Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century, eds. John L. Esposito & Ibrahim Kalin (New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 122; and Mehdi Semati, "Islamophobia, Culture and Race in the Age of Empire," Cultural Studies 24, No. 2 (2010), 257, 265-266, link to web.me.com (accessed Feb. 10, 2012) . As Nadine Naber has maintained about the post-9/11 period: "the arbitrary, open-ended scope of the domestic 'war on terror' emerged through the association between a wide range of signifiers such as particular names (e.g., Mohammed), dark skin, particular forms of dress (e.g., a headscarf or a beard) and particular nations of origin (e.g., Iraq or Pakistan) as signifiers of an imagined 'Arab/Middle Eastern/Muslim' enemy. In this sense, the category 'Arab/Middle Eastern/Muslim' operated as a constructed category that lumps together several incongruous subcategories (such as Arabs and Iranians, including Christians, Jews and Muslims, and all Muslims from Muslim-majority countries, as well as persons who are perceived to be Arab, Middle Eastern, or Muslim, such as South Asians, including Sikhs and Hindus). Persons perceived to be 'Arab/Middle Eastern/Muslim' were targeted by harassment or violence based on the assumption 'they' embody a potential for terrorism and are thus threats to U.S. national security and deserving of discipline and punishment." See Nadine Naber, "'Look, Mohammed the Terrorist Is Coming!': Cultural Racism, Nation-Based Racism, and the Intersectionality of Oppressions after 9/11," The Scholar and the Feminist Online 6, no. 3 (Summer 2008), link to barnard.edu (accessed Dec. 2, 2011); also the later version of Naber's article (with the same title) in Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11, eds. Amaney Jamal & Nadine Naber (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008), 278-279.
[19] Solomon Moore, "Fiery Words, Disputed Meanings," Los Angeles Times, November 3, 2001, link to articles.latimes.com; CAIR, "CAIR Says ADL Seeks to Hinder Legal Rights of U.S. Muslims," press release, August 17, 2007; reprinted in The American Muslim, August 17, 2007, link to theamericanmuslim.org; ADL, "ADL Responds to Open Letter from CAIR, Releases Photo of Group's Leader Speaking Next to Hezbollah Flag," press release, August 30, 2007, link to www.adl.org; CAIR, "CAIR: ADL Gets 'Deceptive' in Smear Campaign," press release, August 31, 2007, link to www.cair.com; Cecilie Surasky, "Islamic Rights Group CAIR Says 'ADL Seeks to Hinder Legal Rights of U.S. Muslims,'" Jewish Voice for Peace, August 26, 2007, link to www.muzzlewatch.com (all accessed Dec. 10, 2012).
[20] Delinda C. Hanley, "ADL and AJC Demand Muslim Panelists Be Excluded," Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, January/February 2002, 82, link to www.wrmea.com; Aleza Goldsmith, "ADL Says Muslim Group in Area Forum Has Terror Ties," jweekly, December 14, 2001, link to www.jweekly.com; CAIR, "CAIR Says ADL Seeks to Hinder Legal Rights of U.S. Muslims." See also Neil MacFarquhar, "Scrutiny Increases for a Group Advocating for Muslims in U.S.," New York Times, March 14, 2007, link to www.nytimes.com; CAIR, "Top Internet Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories about CAIR," March 2012, link to www.cair.com (all accessed May 30, 2012).
[21] ADL, "ADL Commends President Bush for Daniel Pipes Appointment to the U.S. Institute of Peace," press release, August 25, 2003, link to www.adl.org (accessed May 30, 2012).
[22] Quote by Pipes on "militant Islam" from Wajahat Ali, Eli Clifton, Matt Duss, Lee Fang, Scott Keyes, & Faiz Shakir, Fear Inc., The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America, August 2011, Center for American Progress, 42, link to www.americanprogress.org; information on monitoring professors is from Campus Watch, "About Campus Watch," link to www.campus-watch.org (both accessed Sept. 2, 2011).
[23] ADL, "ADL Commends President Bush for Daniel Pipes Appointment to the U.S. Institute of Peace." Helal Omeira & Arsalan Iftikhar, "Pipes Nomination a Slap in the Face for Islam," San Franciso Chronicle, May 11, 2003, link to www.commondreams.org; quote from Hussein Ibish of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee from Katrin Dauenhauer, "War of Words over Bush's 'Peace' Appointment," Asia Times Online, August 19, 2003, link to www.atimes.com. Also Muslim Public Affairs Council, "Wide Coalition of Americans Call Press Conference Asking President Bush to Withdraw Pipes Nomination, " press release, August 14, 2003, link to www.mpac.org (both accessed May 30, 2012).
[24] Suzanne Goldenberg, "Bush Appoints Anti-Muslim to Peace Role," The Guardian (London), August 22, 2003, link to www.guardian.co.uk (accessed May 30, 2012).
[25] Information and quotations in his paragraph are from Ori Nir, "Muslim Students Get Apology in a Tiff Over 'Shahada' Scarf," Jewish Daily Forward, July 2, 2004, link to www.forward.com. See also Stanley Allison, "A Political Yet Peaceful Graduation at UC Irvine," Los Angeles Times, June 20, 2004, link to articles.latimes.com; and Shahed Amanullah, "The Panic over Graduation Stoles," altmuslim, June 23, 2004, link to www.patheos.com (all accessed Dec. 22, 2011).
[26] Nir, "Muslim Students Get Apology in a Tiff Over 'Shahada' Scarf."
[27] Ibid.
[28] Ali et al., Fear Inc.
[29] Dean Barrett, "The Islamists Are Coming! And They've Got Lawyers with Them," The Weekly Standard, June 11, 2007, link to www.investigativeproject.org; Emerson quote, originally in a March 1995 article in Jewish Monthly, from John F. Sugg, "Steven Emerson's Crusade: Why Is a Journalist Pushing Questionable Stories from Behind the Scenes?" FAIR: Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, January/February 1999, link to www.fair.org; Islamic Society of Boston "Damning Evidence against the David Project," press release, Scoop Independent News, May 9, 2007, link to www.scoop.co.nz (all accessed Jan. 3, 2012).
[30] Jonathan Wells, Jack Meyers, Maggie Mulvihill & Kevin Wisniewski, "Radical Islam: Outspoken Cleric, Jailed Activist Tied to New Hub Mosque," Boston Herald, October 28, 2003, link to www.freerepublic.com; and Wells, Meyers, Mulvihill & Wisniewski, "Under Suspicion: Hub Mosque Leader Tied to Radical Groups," Boston Herald, October 29, 2003, link to 22.214.171.124 (both accessed Dec. 30, 2011).
[31] "Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center—Timeline," The Pluralism Project at Harvard University, n.d., link to pluralism.org; Islamic Society of Boston et al. v. Boston Herald et al. n1, Superior Court of Massachusetts at Suffolk, July 20, 2006 Mass. Super LEXIS 391, link to www.lexisone.com (both accessed December 30, 2011; court document now only available with a subscription). See also Jane Lampman, "Battle Waged in Boston over New Mosque," Christian Science Monitor, January 5, 2006, link to www.csmonitor.com; and Lampman, "Boston Mosque Rises above the Fray," Christian Science Monitor, July 12, 2007, link to www.csmonitor.com (both accessed Jan. 3, 2012).
[32] Quotes from Islamic Society of Boston, "Confronting Intolerance" (accessed Sept. 23, 2011; no longer available online). See Islamic Society of Boston, "Damning Evidence against the David Project." Also Jane Lampman, "Boston Mosque Rises above the Fray."
[33] Mark Jurkowitz, "Trial and Terror," Boston Phoenix, December 10, 2005, link to bostonphoenix.com (accessed Oct. 15, 2012).
[34] Andrea Estes, "Islamic Society Urged to Respond: Group Still Quiet on Anti-Semitism Issue," Boston Globe, October 7, 2004, link to www.unitedjerusalem.org (accessed Oct. 12, 2012).
[35] Lampman, "Boston Mosque Rises above the Fray"; Estes, Islamic Society Urged to Respond: Group Still Quiet on Anti-Semitism Issue"; "Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center—Timeline."; Martin Felsen, "Rosh Hashonah Dvar—Sept. 2007," September 13, 2007, link to circleboston.org (accessed Oct. 12, 2012).
[36] Ali et al, Fear, Inc., 50-51; Martin Solomon, "Spencer Talk on the Mosque—The Day After," February 4, 2005, Solomonia, link to www.solomonia.com; and ADL, "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America," March 2011 (posted September 19, 2012), link to www.adl.org (all accessed Oct. 15, 2012).
[37] Cecilie Surasky, "Campaign to Stop Mosque in Boston: The Islamic Society of Boston Drops Defamation Lawsuit Against Opponents of Mosque, Construction to Proceed," MuzzleWatch, June 4, 2007, link to www.muzzlewatch.com (accessed Oct.15, 2012).
[38] The Islamic Society of Boston twice subpoenaed ADL documents. The David Project, "The Islamic Society of Boston, 'Promoter of Interfaith Dialog,' Subpoenas the Anti-Defamation League," press release, February 19, 2007, link to www.solomonia.com; also Daniel Pipes, "The Islamic Society of Boston & the Politicians' Red Faces," Middle East Forum, October 29, 2003, updated December 29, 2008, link to www.danielpipes.org (both accessed Oct. 15, 2012).
[39] Lampman, "Boston Mosque Rises above the Fray."
[40] Islamic Society of Boston, "Damning Evidence against the David Project," Steve Cohen, email to Josh Katzen, Jack Fainberg, & Evan Slavitt, May 18, 2004.
[41] Islamic Society of Boston, "Damning Evidence against the David Project."
[42] Surasky, "Campaign to Stop Mosque in Boston: The Islamic Society of Boston Drops Defamation Lawsuit Against Opponents of Mosque, Construction to Proceed."
[43] Initial Gaffney quotes from Ali et al, Fear Inc., 33. "Beachhead" quote is from Frank. J. Gaffney, Jr., "War of Ideas' Homefront [on Khalil Gibran Academy]," Washington Times, July 24, 2007. link to www.washingtontimes.com. See also Gaffney, "Stop the Madrassa," Washington Times, Aug. 14, 2007, link to www.washingtontimes.com (both accessed March 8, 2012).
[44] Debbie Almontaser & Donna Nevel, "The Story of Khalil Gibran International Academy: Racism and a Campaign of Resistance," Monthly Review 63:03, July-August 2011, link to monthlyreview.org (accessed March 19, 2012).
[45] Almontaser & Nevel, "The Story of Khalil Gibran International Academy."
[46] Chuck Bennett & Jana Winter, "City Principal Is 'Revolting,'" New York Post, August 6, 2007, link to www.nypost.com (accessed March 19, 2012).
[47] Foxman quote from Larry Cohler-Esses, "Jewish Shootout over Arab School," New York Jewish Week, August 17, 2007, link to www.thejewishweek.com (accessed March 8, 2012).
[48] U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Debbie Almontaser v. New York City Department of Education and New Visions for Public Schools, EEOC Charge No. 520-2008-02337, March 9, 2010, 7, link to graphics8.nytimes.com (accessed March 19, 2012).
[49] U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Almontaser v. New York City Department of Education and New Visions for Public Schools, 8.
[50] Although the ADL's main objection was to the location of Park51, Foxman offered another critique. He characterized as "legitimate" "questions [that] have been raised about who is providing the funding to build it, and what connections, if any, its leaders might have with groups whose ideologies stand in contradiction to our shared values." ADL, "Statement on Islamic Community Center Near Ground Zero," press release, July 28, 2010, link to www.adl.org (accessed Dec. 28, 2011).
[51] Jon Moscow quoted in a press statement put out by four groups, American Jews for a Just Peace, Jewish Voice for Peace, Jews for Racial and Economic Justice, and Jews Say No!, "Park51 Supporters to Protest at Wiesenthal Museum of Tolerance: Say Intolerant Leaders Fuel Islamophobia," Sept. 14, 2010, authors' personal papers.
[52] Rabbi Beliak quoted in James D. Besser, "Mosque Conflict Seen Sharpening Jewish Divisions," New York Jewish Week, September 15, 2010, link to www.thejewishweek.com (accessed Dec. 26, 2011).
[53] Rebecca Vilkomerson quoted in press statement put out by four groups, American Jews for a Just Peace, Jewish Voice for Peace, Jews for Racial and Economic Justice, and Jews Say No!, "Park51 Supporters to Protest at Wiesenthal Museum of Tolerance: Say Intolerant Leaders Fuel Islamophobia," September 15, 2010 (authors' personal papers). Almost immediately after this protest, the 4 groups formed Jews Against Islamophobia (JAI). Three of these groups (except for American Jews for a Just Peace, which is based in Philadelphia) have continued to be part of JAI.
[54] Rabbi Levitt Quoted in Steve Lipman, "Rabbis for Human Rights Hosts Cordoba House Founder," New York Jewish Week, Dec. 7, 2010, link to www.thejewishweek.com (accessed Jan. 3, 2012).
[55] "Comments by Rabbi Eric H. Joffie to the URJ Executive Committee Regarding Cordoba Center Community Center and Mosque," Union of Reform Judaism, September 14, 2010, link to urj.org (accessed Jan. 3, 2012).
[56] Abraham H. Foxman, "Exploiting the Mosque Controversy," ADL press release (originally published in the Huffington Post, August 27, 2010), link to www.adl.org (accessed Jan. 15, 2012); ADL, "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America (SIOA).
[57] Interfaith Coalition on Mosques (ICOM), "Statement of Purpose," ADL press release, September 7, 2010. link to www.adl.org (accessed Jan. 3, 2012).
[58] Jordana Horn, "ADL Starts Interfaith Coalition to Help U.S. Muslims," Jerusalem Post, September 14, 2010, link to www.jpost.com (accessed Dec. 10, 2012).
[59] J.J. Goldberg, "Mosque Madness: ADL Strikes Back, AJC Catches Up," Jewish Daily Forward, September 12, 2010, link to blogs.forward.com; Marc Tracy, "Zionists on Both Sides of Tenn. Mosque Debate," Tablet, November 10, 2010, link to www.tabletmag.com (both accessed Dec. 10, 2012).
[60] Dan Gilgoff, "Opponent of NYC Islamic Center Becomes Advocate for Mosques Nationwide," CNN Belief Blog, January 28, 2011, link to religion.blogs.cnn.com (accessed Dec. 10, 2012).
[61] Marc Tracy, "Zionists on Both Sides of Tenn. Mosque Debate"; Adam Chandler, "Prominent Park51 Opponent: Stop Anti-Muslim Bigotry," Huffington Post, October 14, 2010, link to www.huffingtonpost.com (accessed Dec. 10, 2012).
[62] ADL, "Interfaith Coalition Urges Temecula, CA City Council to Reject Bigotry, Approve Mosque," press release, January 20, 2011, link to www.adl.org; ADL, "Interfaith Coalition Acts in Support of Georgia Mosque," press release, March 8, 2011, link to www.adl.org; ADL, "ICOM Acts Against Lawsuit Intended to Stop Tennessee Mosque," press release, September 27, 2010, link to www.adl.org (all accessed Oct. 2, 2012). See also ADL, "ADL Welcomes Law Enforcement's Hate Crime Investigation in Brutal Beating and Tragic Death of Iraqi Immigrant," press release, March 26, 2012, link to www.adl.org; and ADL, "ADL Commends Law Enforcement in Tracking Down Florida Mosque Bombing Suspect," press release, May 5, 2011, link to www.adl.org (both accessed Oct. 2, 2012).
[63] Abraham H. Foxman, "Shout Down the Sharia Myth Makers," JTA, August 10, 2011, link to www.jta.org; "ADL, "ADL Applauds Federal Appeals Court Decision Rejecting Oklahoma Anti-Sharia Amendment," press release, January 11, 2012. link to www.adl.org (both accessed October 3, 2012). Also see American Civil Liberties Union, Nothing to Fear: Debunking the Mythical "Sharia Threat" to Our Judicial System: A Report of the ACLU Program on Freedom of Religion and Belief, 2011, 5, link to www.aclu.org (accessed Dec. 12, 2011).
[64] ADL, "Anti-Muslim Sentiment 'Significant,'" press release, March 29, 2011, link to www.jta.org); also ADL, "David Yerushalmi: A Driving Force Behind Anti-Sharia Efforts in the U.S.," January 13, 2012, link to www.adl.org (both accessed Oct. 3, 2012).
[65] ADL, "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America, Pamela Geller," September 19, 2012, link to www.adl.org; ADL, "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America, Robert Spencer," September 19, 2012, link to www.adl.org; ADL, "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America: Pamela Geller & Robert Spencer Join Forces," September 19, 2012, link to www.adl.org (all accessed Oct. 3, 2012).
[66] ADL, "Senior Law Enforcement Personnel Attend ADL Anti-Terrorism Course," June 1, 2005, link to www.adl.org (accessed Oct. 3, 2012).
[67] Mitchell D. Silber & Arvin Bhatt, Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat, New York City Police Department, 2007, link to www.nyc.gov; Sahar F. Aziz, "Caught in a Preventive Dragnet: Selective Counterterrorism in a Post-9/11 America," Gonzaga Law Review, Vol. 47:2 (2011/2012), 482, link to gonzagalawreview.org (both accessed Dec. 2, 2012).
[68] Quotes from Silber & Bhatt, Radicalization in the West, 33, 38, 45, 32.
[69] Muslim American Civil Liberties Coalition, CountertERRORism Policy: MACLC's Critique of the NYPD's Report on Homegrown Radicalism, 2008, 4, link to maclcnypdcritique.files.wordpress.com; ACLU, "Coalition Memo to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Regarding 'Homegrown Terrorism,'" May 7, 2008, link to www.aclu.org. See also Faiza Patel, Rethinking Radicalization, Brennan Center for Justice, March 8, 2011, 1link to brennan.3cdn.net (all accessed Dec. 2, 2012).
[70] Tom Robbins, "NYPD Cops' Training Included an Anti-Muslim Horror Flick," The Village Voice, January 19, 2011, link to www.villagevoice.com. Michael Powell, "In Police Training, a Dark Film on U.S. Muslims," New York Times, January 23, 2012, link to www.nytimes.com); and J.J. Goldberg, "Islamophobic Film and Its Jewish Backers," Jewish Daily Forward, February 2, 2012, link to forward.com (all accessed Feb. 3, 2012).
[71] Tom Robbins, "NYPD Cops' Training Included an Anti-Muslim Horror Flick."
[72] Ibid.
[73] Adam Goldman & Matt Apuzzo, "With CIA Help, NYPD Moves Covertly in Muslim Areas," Denver Post, August 24, 2011, link to www.denverpost.com (accessed Dec. 13, 2011).
[74] Chris Hawley, "NYPD Monitored Muslim Students All Over the Northeast," Christian Science Monitor, February 20, 2012, link to www.csmonitor.com (accessed February 21, 2012). See numerous publications of the Brennan Center for Justice, such as Faiza Patel & Andrew Sullivan, A Proposal for an NYPD Inspector General, Brennan Center for Justice, 2012, link to brennan.3cdn.net; Brennan Center for Justice, "City Council Members, Civil Rights Advocates Press Conference Puts Spotlight on NYPD Operations," press release, October 6, 2011, link to www.brennancenter.org; Faiza Patel & Michael Price, "Unchecked NYPD Operations In Need Of Oversight," October 6, 2011, link to www.brennancenter.org (all accessed Oct. 15, 2012).
[75] Ryan Devereaux, "Rally Calls for NYPD Commissioner to Quit over Anti-Muslim Training Film," The Guardian (London), January 26, 2012, link to www.guardian.co.uk (accessed February 23, 2012). For opposition to the NYPD surveillance program in the Jewish community, see, for example, Shoulder to Shoulder, "Local and National Religious Leaders Ask Mayor Bloomberg to Investigate NYPD Surveillance and Training Practices," press release, March 13, 2012, link to www.shouldertoshouldercampaign.org; and Rachel Kahn-Troster & Marjorie Dove Kent, "Stop Spying on Muslims," Jewish Daily Forward, Oct. 9, 2012, link to forward.com(both accessed Dec. 10, 2012). The authors are executive directors, respectively, of Rabbis for Human Rights-North America and Jews for Racial and Economic Justice. See also Alex Kane, "The Jewish Establishment Goes to Bat for Ray Kelly and the NYPD," Mondoweiss, March 21, 2012, link to mondoweiss.net (accessed March 22, 2012).
[76] The following AP articles were published prior to the ADL's giving the award to Galati: Matt Apuzzo & Adam Goldman, "With CIA Help, NYPD Moves Covertly in Muslim Areas"; Matt Apuzzo & Adam Goldman, "Inside the Spy Unit that NYPD Says Doesn't Exist," August 31, 2011, link to www.ap.org; Adam Goldman, Eileen Sullivan & Matt Apuzzo, "NYPD Eyed US Citizens in Intel Effort," Sept. 22, 2011, link to www.ap.org; Chris Hawley & Matt Apuzzo, "NYPD Infiltration of Colleges Raises Privacy Fears," October 11, 2011, link to www.ap.org ; Adam Goldman & Matt Apuzzo, "What's the CIA Doing at NYPD? Depends Whom You Ask," October 17, 2011, link to www.ap.org; Matt Apuzzo & Adam Goldman, "NYPD Keeps Files on Muslims Who Change Their Names," October 26, 2011, link to www.ap.org. A list of all of the AP articles in this Pulitzer Prize-winning series, including articles written after the ADL's award to Galati, is available at "AP Probe into NYPD Intelligence Operations," link to www.ap.org (all accessed Sept. 30, 2012).
[77] ADL, "ADL Honors NYPD Intelligence Chief for Courage and Dedication," press release, Nov. 7, 2011, link to www.adl.org (accessed Oct. 1, 2012). Also Kane, "The Jewish Establishment Goes to Bat for Ray Kelly and the NYPD."
[78] Adam Goldman & Matt Apuzzo, "NYPD: Muslim Spying Led to No Leads, Terror Cases," New York Daily News, Aug. 21, 2012, link to articles.nydailynews.com (accessed September 30, 2012). Goldman & Apuzzo, "NYPD: Muslim Spying Led to No Leads, Terror Cases." In his testimony, Galati explained that the NYPD thought it legitimate to collect information, for example, on speakers of Urdu (the language of 15 million Pakistanis and 60 million Indians) or someone from South Lebanon, because, he said, "that may be an indicator of possibility that that is a sympathizer of Hezbollah because Southern Lebanon is dominated by Hezbollah."


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
The Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission will hold its annual "Feed the Falls" initiative in Niagara Falls on Thanksgiving Day. Mission staff and volunteers from local churches and the community will prepare 1,000 turkey dinners and deliver them to the homebound, seniors and families in need.
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The names of the partitions (device names or volume names) are not important, they are just names. The main thing is that you need to have amigaboot.of residing somewhere where it can be read by the CFE, which can only read FFS (and FAT) partitions. You tell CFE where to find amigaboot.of in the boot command. E.g. the definition quoted earlier by xenic:ddni wrote:On my x1000, I have BHD0, but in media toolbox it is listed as not Automount and not Bootable.
My Amigaboot.of is in DH0: which is an SFS/02 filesystem.
I am confused now as above it says DH0: must be FFS to boot?
- Code: Select all
MENU_0_COMMAND=setenv amigaboot_quiet Y; boot -fs=amigafs ide0.0:amigaboot.of
So, ddni, if you have the same command line in CFE, your first partition must a) be FFS, b) contain an amigaboot.of file. And that is the one being used, regardless of which versions of it you may have on other partitions, such as your DH0: (which consequently cannot be the first partition on the disk - you can check that with Media Toolbox if you doubt it).
From the path given for each module in the kicklayout file in the config section you choose to boot. If you have set the CFE variable boot_config to the name of a config (its LABEL line), then that is the config being loaded, otherwise it will be the first (or only) one in your Kicklayout file (or the first Kicklayout file found).Where does Kickstart load from?
Best regards,


text:
Now you can enjoy videos and download on your PC without waiting for the buffer to catch up to you. AMD Quick Stream technology gives you a smarter approach to Internet streaming for a fast, smooth viewing experience that is virtually free of interruptions.*
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HOUSTON - A Houston company that makes diamonds from cremated ashes is looking for answers after $15,000 worth of diamonds went missing while they were being shipped to the family of a loved one.
"This is pretty much what we consider priceless," said Vincent Campise, one of the company's employees. "These diamonds are made from the cremated remains of the family's loved ones which would be invaluable to someone else but priceless to the family."
The company is Algordanza, based in Switzerland since 2004. It's founder and owner opened an office in Houston. They make specialty diamonds out of ashes that allows family members to keep the memory of a lost loved one forever.
The company's most recent client is the Thomas family from Australia. They lost their 25-year-old son Kyle in an Australian football accident. The Thomas' ordered two, one-of-a-kind diamonds and paid $15,000.
"They were packed here, shipped and sent to Australia," said Campise. "We were hoping the diamonds would make it to the mother of the deceased son."
But they didn't. The Thomas family opened their package only to find two empty boxes. The diamonds had been removed.
"I was devastated," said Veit Brimer, founder of Algordanza. "This is just not happening. I thought it was not real, this is a bad dream."
It's unclear what happened to the diamonds but Algordanza employees believe they were stolen somewhere between Singapore and Australia because they were able to track the package for awhile.
They sent it using UPS. A spokeswoman for the company told KPRC Local 2 it is protocol to work with the local authorities to investigate any allegations of theft. The spokeswoman wasn't familiar with this particular incident but said she would look into it.
Algordanza employees said the Australian police are looking into the situation as well.
"We take a lot of care to make sure the diamonds make it to where we ship them to the families," said Campise.
They've been in business since 2004 and said nothing like this has happened before.
"We're looking to make sure this never happens again," he said.
Algordanza has already started making replacement diamonds for the Thomas family out of their son's remaining ashes.
Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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gerg3d needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 219 designs submitted by 65 freelance designers.
Sweetwoods Investments Inc.
I initially started this company to purchase another company. That has been put on hold, but this other opportunity has arisen to do some solar rooftop projects.
Unfortunately, the name of the company is kind of lame as I just intended it to be a behind the scene investment firm. So, I need a strong logo to overcome reluctance to invest in the company.
There are two targets.
1) Commercial and industrial building owners. I would like to rent their roofs to install solar panels on them. This would be a fairly lucrative investment for them, for something they are not using right now.
2) Potential investors. I already have some lined up, but there will be a need for more in the future. Typically these are high net worth individuals that are looking for a relatively long term investment with low risk and annual returns.
The logo should be a graphic not incorporating the name of letters of the company in it. It should not also be a overly used "green" technology symbol as these are getting too common.
I would like the logo to be unique but something that can be used for another company name should I change it or file a dba (such as Sweetwoods Energy).
The company name should be in a typeface beside the logo that compliments it, and can be easily changed as stated above.
It must be professional looking, no cartoons are stock photos. I would like it in a single or two colours. I would require the files in Print file format EPS for print and jpg for web.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text: In the months since Dominque Strauss-Kahn was accused of rape, his sordid tale has already been turned into a porn and an episode of Law & Order: SVU. Now Director Abel Ferrara is working on a script that's based on the DSK incident, with a dash of Bill Clinton and Silvio Berlusconi's sex scandals. It's possible that the lead role will be played by celebrated French actor Gérard Depardieu, who Americans may recall from that day their French teacher was absent. Frankly, the whole project seems like a waste of time, since nothing can top Munch and Ice T arresting a DSK look-alike.


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The Philippines may have lost the Spanish language to some extent, but it has not lost contact with its Hispanic past. Our country's Latin spirit has been kept alive by our culture itself as represented by numerous town fiestas and other Catholic events held almost every week.
Suffice it to say that Catholicism is almost synonymous to Hispanidad, at least, perhaps, in our country. After all, it was the Spaniards who brought the Catholic faith to these once heathen islands. But it can also be said that it was the Catholic faith which spurred the conquistadores (inspired by the zeal of the Catholic Spanish crown) to win new souls in Christ the Lord's name.
In modern slang, the Catholic-Spanish influx to these islands which we now call the Philippines was a "double whammy" of sorts.
Take the month of May, for instance. Filipinos celebrate the famous Flores de Mayo with much pomp, grace, and grandeur. It has been deeply embedded in the Filipino psyche that it is not even considered Hispanic anymore. But it was and still is. Flores de Mayo is a true testament of what Hispanidad really is, aside from a linguistic point of view.
Flores de Mayo (translated as "Flowers of May" in English) is celebrated in honor of the Virgin Mary. At the end of the month, a religio-historical beauty pageant called the sagala, commonly known as the Santacruzan, is held in many towns all over the country. This Catholic tradition (perhaps endemic only to our country) can be traced to the epic journey of Saint Helena of Constantinople, the mother of Saint Constantine the Great (the first Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity), to locate the Vera Cruz (True Cross) of Jesus Christ. Actually, according to Catholic tradition, Saint Helena discovered the cross on 14 September 325; why the Santacruzan is held every May remains a puzzle to me.
The people of Unisan, Tayabas (now Quezon) may have not noticed it (particularly the younger generation), but these prying eyes did. The colorful mix of the procession, the devotees' singing of Dios Te Salve María and other church songs in Latin, and the town's various ancestral houses (bahay na bató) made the whole scene very Hispanic, indeed. After having attended Unisan's Santacruzan and witnessed the Rigodón de Honor, I remarked that the only thing lacking to make the picture complete was the Spanish language.
But even without the Spanish language, for as long as the Philippines remains Christian, i.e. Catholic, complete with her traditions that were brought here by the friars, we shall continue living as a Hispanic country.
Santacruzan sa Unisan
Last 29 May, my cousins Josephine "Jam" Alas y Láus (one of Magic 89.9's youngest disc jocks) and up-and-coming basketball superstar Kevin Louie Alas y Platón (of Colegio de San Juan de Letrán Knights and PBA D-League's Cebuana Lhuillier Gems; son of famous multi-titled basketball coach Francisco Luis "Louie" Alas y Évora) participated in the annual Santacruzan, the culmination of the month-long Flores de Mayo. Jam represented the queen of May flowers, La Reina de las Flores; Kevin was her escort. Typhoon Chedeng was threatening to ruin the event all week. Surprisingly (or should I say miracurously), the typhoon suddenly veered its course, and that afternoon procession was greeted by sunny skies instead!
Below are photos of each queen with brief historical descriptions, but not wanting in criticisms. It is hoped that subsequent Santacruzan processions will strictly adhere to tradition, and that each representative queen must first be "indoctrinated" on the meaning and significance of this holy procession even before they participate. This is not merely a pagandahan affair. Each queen has meaning. That must be squarely emphasized so as not to forget the true value of this summertime Catholic procession.
¡Gracias a la Virgen María, la reina verdadera de las Flores de Mayo!
Reina de los Ángeles. Traditionally, this queen has a branch of white flowers.
Young girls clad in white carrying the letters A–V–E M–A–R–Í–A.
Reina Banderada.
Traditionally, this queen is a young girl dressed in a long red gown. She carries with her a triangular yellow flag. She represents the arrival of Christianity. But where is the yellow flag in this photo?
Buán (Moon) at mğa Bituín (Stars). Buán represents the Moon which is the throne of the Virgin Mary.
Another representative for Reina de los Ángeles.
Reina de la Fe symbolizes Faith, the first of the Theological Virtues. This queen should carry a crucifix (but the lady pictured above doesn't have one).
Reina Esperanza symbolizes the second of the Theological Virtues: Hope. This representative should carry an anchor, the Christian symbol for Hope.
Reina de la Caridad symbolizes Charity, the last of the Theological Virtues. And this queen should carry an image of a red heart (Christian symbol for the virtue she represents). But instead of that, what she carries in this photo is an abanico (a local fan).
Reina Luwalhatì represents the Glorious Mystery of the Holy Rosary.
Reina Hapis represents the Sorrowful Mystery of the Holy Rosary.
Reina Tuwâ represents the Joyful Mystery of the Holy Rosary.
Reina Abogada (in front) represents the defender of the poor and the oppressed. Traditionally, she carries a large book and wears a toga similar to those worn during graduation ceremonies. Behind her is Reina Sentenciada. Traditionally, her hands are tied by a rope. She represents the First Christians, particularly the virgins who were martyred in the name of the Christian Faith.
Reina de la Justicia. She represents the "Mirror of Justice", a personification of the Virgin Mary which is one of her titles in the Litany of Loreto (Letanías Lauretanas). Her symbols (again not shown in this procession) are the familiar images of justice: a weighing scale and a sword.
Reina Samaritana represents the biblical lady with whom our Lord Jesus Christ had a conversation with at the well (John 4:13-30). Her symbol is a water jug which the representative queen should carry on her shoulders. (not apparent in this photo).
Reina de Saba represents the queen who had a special friendship with the famous King Solomon (I Book of Kings 10:1-13).
Reina Esther (sometimes spelled Ester) was a Jewish queen of Persia who saved her people from certain death at the hands of Haman the Agatite through her timely intervention. At the Flores de Mayo/Santacruzan procession, this queen is supposed to carry a scepter.
Reina Judit is the widow who saved her city from the Assyrians under the cruel general Holofernes. Her symbols: the severed head of Holofernes that she is supposed to carry in one hand and a sword in the other. Again, these props were not used.
Reina Elena III. There are usually three representatives for Reina Elena during the Santacruzan procession. But the escort particularly for Reina Elena III is traditionally a young boy, representing a young Emperor/Saint Constantine the Great.
Reina Elena II.
Reina Elena I.
Reina Elena, the mother of the emperor-saint, Constantine the Great. In Catholic tradition, she was the queen who looked for the relics of the Vera Cruz, or the True Cross, of our Lord Jesus Christ. Curiously, Vera Cruz is also a surname of one of the oldest families in Unisan.
Reina Emperatriz is actually the mother of Emperor/Saint Constantine the Great, none other than Reina Elena. The title emperatriz is derived from the Latin words Augusta Imperatrix, an honorific title given by the emperor to his mother.
The young escorts of the Reina de las Flores. The girls (left to right): my cousin Carmela and my niece Amber. Behind them are my cousins Rafaél (Carmela's brother) and Joseph (Jam's brother).
My cousins Jam and Kevin as the Reina de las Flores and her escort, respectively. La Reina de las Flores is considered the "Queen of Flores de Mayo". From my observation, it seemed that Jam was the only queen who strictly continued the Santacruzan tradition that afternoon — , which she did. To paraphrase Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson — FINALLY… something went right! 🙂
Imagen de la Virgen María, la reina verdadera de las Flores de Mayo al regresar a la iglesia después de la procesión.
At the Rigodón de Honor in Parque de Tamesis. Kevin and Jam are at center.
Seated in front of me is family friend Mayor Calixto Catáquiz y Ramírez of San Pedro, La Laguna (his late father is from Unisan). To his right (in green shirt) is Tayabas/Quezon province's 3rd district representative Danilo Suárez.
My dapper don dad (Sr. Don Josefino Alas y Évora) preparing for the Rigodón de Honor.
Capitana Gloria Alas (at the podium) giving a speech of acknowledgment.
The colorful and lively Rigodón de Honor. At photo is my cousin, Ate Mª Cecilia Alas de Órgano and her dance partner. This dance event was participated by many of my relatives (including dad) and former congresswoman Aleta Suárez (wife of incumbent congressman Suárez).
Left to right: Kevin, our niece Lía, Jam, Lía's brother RR, and the preferred escort of all Flores de Mayo queens (who else?).
Alas Bratpack (left to right): RR, Kevin, Joycee, Lía, Jam, my wife Yeyette, Ate Glen, Emperor Pepe the Great, and Laiza.
Goofing around with Wifey (but lovely still). 😀
All photos in this article were taken by myself and my cousin Ate Lilet Alas de Fernández.


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timhobert needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 41 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
uKnowaGuy is a brand new site that provides a community of classified-ads for users to share their hook-ups: aka deals, free stuff, trades, want-ads, jobs, housing, for sale, personals, services, and events.
When we launch in a few weeks we will begin by targeting southern California markets (mainly the 15-40 age group), then grow to other major metropolitan areas of the U.S. and perhaps beyond.
We're looking to incorporate something along the lines of the famous "Beer: Helping Ugly People Have Sex Since 1862" poster - see here for reference: http://imagecache.allposters.com/im…osters.jpg
We most likely would like a similar image of a guy, perhaps placed inside the open space of the letter "u", but use your imagination and if you come up with something better... by all means, take a shot!
We're looking for something fun and creative, but a logo that will work at the top of a website like ours: http://www.uknowaguy.com
Thank you so much for your entries!!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Off-shore's showing
So where you go'n?
Did it happen, or did it not..
Shermins 14
Lots of N
A quik spring clearing
for surf
or further south...
Got wind?
All Off-Topic items not related to kiting can be posted here. Please post all For Sale items in the Classifieds Ads section.
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9 posts • Page 1 of 1
HMB was nice.. i was out there today almost all afternoon. bit gusty early on but then it evened out a bit.
My Photography ==> www.Loscocco.com
Kites:Ocean Rodeo: Flites and Razors
Boards:Ocean Rodeo: Duke and Spotz Hydrofoil
Eyewear:Kurtis Surf Goggles www.KurtisUSA.com
I thought HMB was only good on South wind days?
Nice showing by BAKers at Waddell today. Fearlu, JGAR, Berrisbob, Zgur, Blackbird. Scott, Curt, Brett, Karen, Jeffrey, too. Invasion of the inland kiters, indeed.
The wind shut down a couple of times, but then rewarded us with a sunset session. Awesome day.
aka Pablito
It says 10M, but it's really a 9.
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Are you an introverted or an extroverted entrepreneur? The answer to this question will seriously influence whether wealth showers you with its riches, or your wealth dries up like an empty well in a desert. Scientists and philosophers alike have told us that the Universe is dualistic. In plain English, this means that there are two sides to every coin […]
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A cyrogenic open-heart procedure was a surgical procedure in use during the late 2260s. The technique involved a complete transfusion requiring a great deal of blood.
Dr. Leonard McCoy performed this procedure in 2268 on Vulcan Ambassador Sarek while en route to the Babel Conference following repeated heart attacks due to a malfunction in one of his heart valves. (TOS: "Journey to Babel")


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Mega Rema (Kotza-Dere) is a tranquil place located 3 km away from Axioupoli. It is an ideal place for fishing and amusement as it has many taverns, restaurants and guest houses.
Visitgreece.gr is the official tourism web site for Greece, run by the Greek National Tourism Organisation, where you'll find information on the main tourist destinations, such as cities, beaches, as well as activities, events and much more!
All content included on this site consists intellectual property of GNTO and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or part of this work in any way.
For information please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com. All Rights Reserved. GNTO © 2018.


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With your support, most marine life and their ocean habitats can be protected, if not restored to their former natural levels of biodiversity. We sincerely thank our thousands of members, donors and sponsors, who have decided to get involved and support the MarineBio Conservation Society.


text:
Water Cover Coaster - No. 17
Water Cover Coaster - No. 17
A relative rarity and difficult to find, these water covers are scattered around the City of Manhattan Beach. I have been working on locating and photographing these and have now released a limited number of prints of some of my favorites. Ideal for home and office, for yourself or as gifts.
Visit this link to read more about the water covers and how this project got started.
Add To Cart


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Elmont, NY – Paynter stayed where he was, a few feet off the rail, charging toward the finish.
Everyone whose heart had been broken by Union Rags before must have had the same thought: he's not going to squeeze through.
But then, delivering upon the power and grace that Fair Hill-based trainer Michael Matz had promised, the huge colt saw the inside lane, barged forward and floated over the final feet of the most grueling Triple Crown race, winning the 144th Belmont by a neck on Saturday.
"I knew," owner Phyllis Wyeth said. "I had a dream. I knew he would make it. I only have that racehorse and half of another, a claimer. And I knew Michael could do it...


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pulsarwebworks needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 124 designs submitted by 25 freelance designers.
The Art Seen Alliance is an artist management and event production company located in Austin, Texas. We have recently come together to produce the 5th annual Art Outside event at Apache Pass, just 45 minutes east of Austin, Texas. We support sustainability and promote creativity.
18-35 years old
artists and creatives
event and festival goers
humans, plants, animals
The Art Seen Alliance is a group of artists in the austin area that have come together to produce events and get art seen.
They have been toting the current logo for a year and have decided to change it because:
1. They think it looks too rigid and sterile.
2. It is similar to another local artist collective, the Pump Project. reference: http://www.pumpproject.org
3. It vaguely communicates the groups message.
For this design project the client would like to see:
1. An icon that reflects "art" or "creativity"
2. An icon that reflects the word "Alliance" found in the company name.
3. An icon that communicates "groups" or "clusters" coming together.
4. An icon that communicates "observation" or "seeing" either by an individual or a group.
5. The words Art Seen Alliance in a bold/semi-bold font that works with the icon.
This logo is for both web and print. It should not be super bubbly but preferably web 2.0 design compatible. It should be also be legible when printed small.
The client is also open to different orientations: Square, horizontal, and vertical.
Please try to avoid cliches like paint brushes, palettes, and eye balls - or if you are going to use a popular element like these please make it unique.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Please use the Reserve Request Form to request that items be placed in the Reserve Collection at the Circulation Desk for your course. If you are reusing books from a recent term you can also reorder through email: email@example.com
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Hi everyone! I hope you've had a great week.
After sorting through some boxes I had under the house, I rediscovered my old denim jacket. I was so excited to be reunited with it and eager to style it with some new pieces. I love how current denim jackets remain. Even though the more fashionable option today is the boyfriend fit I still feel confident wearing mine.
There are so many denim jacket styles to be found today, from ridiculously damaged, studded, patched with Mickey Mouse or other cartoon characters and combinations with other fabric types.
Below I have styled my denim jacket with a lace dress. I liked the idea of toning the dress down with the jacket. I have put together some looks combining different style denim jackets for you to reference as well as some inspirational street style pics.Have a wonderful weekend.
See you soon!
Above street style pics courtesy of Google Images


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Goddess Sistars necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
2 ganadores han sido elegidos entre 38 diseños de 9 diseñadores freelance.
Hello, I am 41 years old and am very passionate about helping women find their life purpose through Hand Analysis. I also have a business called http://www.goddessplayshops.com and http://www.goddesssistars.com so are very committed to helping women love themselves again from the inside and and bring their gifts to the world and live an abundant life. I am a little woo woo :) but also want a semi professional/stylish header for my new website.
Women in the range or 40 - 60 who may run their own business and invest in themselves by joining different programs and wanting to learn about themselves.
They have a very good income and always wanting to improve themselves. They are wanting to share their essence with the world and need clarity from me with my hand readings to do this.
The uploaded image should be 960x200 (960 pixels wide by 200 pixels high). I have my photo and a couple of images that you maybe able to use in the header. I would like my photo up there and I have attached some images that you can use as my logo.
I have up a file of the two images hi 5 ing - it has the words goddess sistars with it but you are able to use this if you take out the words.


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Coyotes and town dogs: earth first! and the environmental movement
Viking, 1993 - Nature - 483 pages
A timely and important history of the environmental movement since the 1960s--and of its most radical and visible group, Earth First! This wide-ranging book provides an important foundation for understanding the debate of the crucial environmental choices we face in the years to come.
From inside the book
88 pages matching desert in this book
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COYOTES AND TOWN DOGS: Earth First! and the Environmental MovementUser Review - Kirkus
A ranging and generally cogent portrait—and defense—of Earth First!, the activist organization dedicated to the proposition that, as far as Earth is concerned, humans should return to the ... Read full review
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Zakin, a freelance journalist, has written a lively, fast-paced historical account of the sometimes controversial environmental group Earth! First. Beginning and ending her book with the 1989 arrest ... Read full review
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Abbey Abbey's acres activists Alaska American Arizona Bart Koehler became blockade Buckaroos California called Club's Colorado Congress conservation cowboy Darryl Dave Foreman David Brower desert Doug Scott Earth Day Earth First!ers Edward Abbey environmental group environmental movement environmentalists Evans Fain federal First!'s Forest Service Frazier friends Glen Canyon Dam going Grand Canyon hiked hippie Howie Wolke idea issue Jack Judi Bari Ken Sanders Kerr Kezar kids knew land later living Loeffler logging looked Mahoney Marc Mark Davis Mexico Mike Roselle Monkey Wrench Gang monkeywrenching Mountain moved Muir named Nancy National Forest National Park Navajo night old-growth Oregon organization Peg Millett Pinacate political Prescott radical Redwood River road rock Sanders Sierra Club stop summer talking thing timber told took town trees truck Tucson Turnage turned wanted Washington Watt West western wilderness bill Wilderness Society wrote Wyoming Zahniser
References to this book
Earth first!: environmental apocalypse
Martha Frances Lee
Snippet view - 1995
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Ecological Engineering: Principles and Practice
Patrick Kangas
Limited preview - 2004


text:
Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
February 22, 2019
55 West Lynde Street
February 23, 2019
55 West Lynde Street
March 9, 2019
444 Green Street
View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications by clicking on the Notify Me® button, and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
May 23, 2018, 7:00 PM
All amateur radio operators and anyone interested in the hobby are encouraged to attend.
May 23, 2018, 7:00 PM - 8:00 PM @ People's Place Community Center
A free smoking cessation clinic every Wednesday open to everyone who has remotely considered kicking the habit. The clinic will be conducted by a quit smoking healthcare professional who has a unique approach and one of the best success rates in the country.


text:
Young Jeezy Gets His Words Misconstrued! Clears Up His Statement On Voting For John McCain "I Never Plan To Be John McCain Supporter"
Young Jeezy Press Release! Young Sav reports" YOUNG JEEZY SUPPORTS OBAMA - NOT MCCAIN In the new August Vibe Magazine cover story with Young Jeezy, he is quoted as saying "No disrespect to Barack, but I fuck with John McCain," which came moments after shaking the hand of the Arizona Senator and presumptive Republican Presidential nominee on the set of his Saturday Night Live performance with Usher in May. He adds in the article, "I like Barack, but at the same time I wanted to see what McCain was talking about." Jeezy, who has been a visible Obama supporter in recent weeks and has been seen wearing the message "My President is Black" during various appearances has just posted a video response to clarify his position: "I represent the Democratic party...I've never been nor do I ever plan to be a John McCain supporter," says Jeezy. "I support Barack Obama." The Multi-Platinum rapper is getting ready to release his third album, titled The Recession through CTE/Def Jam which will feature songs such as his latest smash hit, "Put On" featuring Kanye West in addition to "My President is Black" which will make its exclusive debut on Monday, July 7th on www.USDA2Day.com."
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Most school nurses agree: The best way to keep students healthy during the school year is to make sure they wash their hands.
That simple tip matches the advice from experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): "Keeping hands clean through improved hand hygiene is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others."
A total of 271 school nurses responded to a KidsHealth in the Classroom survey in October and November 2013. When asked, "What do you think is the most important thing parents can do to help keep their children healthy during the school year?," 28% of the nurses said parents should make sure kids and teens wash their hands.
"Educate children on hand washing and how to cover their coughs and sneezes. We at the school cannot do all the education; it has to start at home," said a school nurse from Fayette, Alabama.
"Teach them how and when to wash their hands and to keep their fingers away from their eyes, nose, and mouth, and how to cover coughs and sneezes using their elbows," said a Bradford, Rhode Island, school nurse.
Here's what else school nurses suggested:
When asked, "What's the biggest health problem at your school?," here's what the nurses said:
"I think the biggest health problems occur because there are parents who send their children to school knowing they are sick," said a Piermont, New York, school nurse.
A Newport Beach, California, school nurse agreed that the biggest problem is "Parents who send sick kids to school (even with a fever) because 'they have to take a test.'"
Many schools require that students stay home until at least 24 hours after a fever has broken naturally, without fever-reducing medicines.
When asked "What's the most important thing teachers can do to help keep students healthy during the school year?" even more school nurses recommended hand washing:
KidsHealth in the Classroom sent surveys to U.S. school nurses via newsletters. A total of 271 responded:
Among the respondents:
Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD
Date Reviewed: 14-11-2013


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SAN LEANDRO — Investigators arrested three suspects in a shooting at Bayfair Mall that left a 25-year-old Richmond man wounded last week, San Leandro police said.
The shooting occurred at 10:48 a.m. Aug. 11, leaving the victim with a single gunshot wound to the leg. Police said that an unspecified dispute at a store inside the mall led to the shooting, which took place in a parking lot.
After reviewing the mall's security camera footage, police turned to the public for help in identifying the four suspects involved. Detectives identified Mirah Perez, 18, of San Lorenzo as one of the women in the footage.
On Friday, officers said they saw two men arrive at a home, in the same SUV spotted at the scene of last week's shooting. The suspects, later identified as Troy Lucas Jr., 19, of Las Vegas and Alphonso Jones, 20, of Oakland, were matched to the suspect descriptions and arrested.
Prosecutors filed attempted murder and assault with a deadly weapon charges against Lucas and Jones, but they declined to file charges against Perez. A second female suspect in the video was a minor, police said, and she was not believed to have been directly involved in the shooting. She was not arrested or charged.
Police said Lucas and Jones had a previous disagreement with the victim before the shooting, but they no futher details were provided.
Follow Karina Ioffee at Twitter.com/kioffee.


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March 19
E. 22nd
SPD Sgt. Keith Smith was advised of a man with a warrant leaving a local store. The man was found and, when asked for his name and date of birth to confirm his warrant, he lied to police and told him his brother's information. The officer had the warrant confirmed and started to place the man under arrest and the man started to fight with officer. The officer then found a double-sided knife in the man's right pocket. The man was placed under arrest for carrying a weapon and obstructing governmental operations.
800 block of S. Grand
SPD Ptl. Jessica McSwain arrived at a residence and found two individuals in the front yard covered in blood. The woman said the man had struck her in the head causing her injury to bleed and that she had cut the man with a knife. The man denied hitting the woman and said she hit her head after she fell because she was intoxicated. The man was transported to Baptist Health Medical Center-Stuttgart for treatment of his injuries. Once he was released he was placed under arrest for third-degree domestic battery. The woman was placed under arrest for the same charge.
Unknown Location
SPD Ptl. Paul Hofstad took a report from a woman who said someone had stolen four checks and forged her name. She said the suspect cashed the checks at both Walmart and EZ Mart in Stuttgart.
600 block of Columbia
SPD Ptl. George Bethell took a report from a man who said someone stole his black Texas Bragg double axle dump trailer. The trailer was estimated at $5,000.


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The fear is there, but is it any worse than the embarrassment?
The fear is the Mets will cut loose Oliver Perez and he'll find out what ails him under another pitching coach – maybe worse, it might be somebody in the NL East or The Jacket.
But, is that any worse than the embarrassment of watching Perez make a mockery of the concept of teamwork and force the Mets to play with what is a 24-man roster because of his refusal to accept repeated requests to go to the minor leagues to attempt to iron out his problems?
I would love to see the Mets attempt to suspend Perez for his selfishness for his unwillingness to make himself better, and label it conduct detrimental to the team. If an athlete doesn't condition himself, doesn't work out, then the team has some recourse. How is this not the same? How is refusing to go where you'll get work different?