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Railroad Station: Union Station, W. end of King St., for Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R.R., Chesapeake & Ohio Ry., Seaboard
Air Line Ry., and Southern Ry.
Bus Station: 109 N.Washington St., for Greyhound Lines.
Airport: Washington Airport, 4 m. N. on US 1, for Eastern Air Lines, American Airlines, and Pennsylvania-Central Airlines; taxi $1.25.
Taxis: Fare $0.20 within city limits, $1.5o to Washington.
Local Busses: SE. corner Pitt and-Cameron Sts. for busses to Washington, fare $0.15, 8 tokens for $1; to Mount Vernon, fare $0.25; to
Episcopal Theological Seminary, fare $0.10.
Pier: Norfolk and Washington Steamboat Co., E. end of Prince St., for boat to Old Point Comfort and Norfolk, 7 p.m. daily except when river is frozen.
Traffic Regulations: No U-turns in business district, one hour parking limit on King St.
Accommodations: 4 hotels; tourist homes, trailer camp.
Information Service: Chamber of Commerce, 201 S.Washington St.
Radio Station: WJSV (1460 kc.).
Motion Picture Houses: 5, including 1 for Negroes.
Swimming: Alexandria Municipal Pool, NE. comer Cameron and Harvard Sts., fee $0.20, children $0.10, Suits $0.25, open 9 a.m.-10 p.m. weekdays, 2-6 Sun., from May 30 to Labor Day.
Boating- Rowboats for rent at E. end of Prince and Duke Sts., fee $0.5o for 1st hour, $0.35 each additional hour.
Annual Events: Tour of historic houses and gardens, sponsored by St.Paul's Church and the Alexandria Association, one Sat. in May and one Sat. in June, $1 for full day and afternoon tea.
ALEXANDRIA (52 alt., 24,149 pop.), hugging the western bank of the Potomac River, stretches south from the sinuous Four Mile Run to the marshes of Hunting Creek. West of the sweeping curve made through the city by the tracks of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, scattered suburbs cover a succession of ridges. Caught in the wedge made by vast Potomac Yards, where seven railroads meet to exchange freight, and the industrial section along the river front, lies old Alexandria, a ragged pentagon neatly laid out in squares, and divided almost equally by King Street. This crowded business thoroughfare, flanked by ill-assorted faces of commercial buildings, extends westward from the water's edge toward the George Washington Masonic Memorial Temple.
Within view of the glistening white belfry of Christ Church and the spire of City Hall are scores of Georgian Colonial and early Federal houses of mellow red brick, gray stucco, or white weatherboarding. Here and there are long narrow houses resembling halves of gabled houses, called locally 'flounder' houses. With sloping shed-roofs and their tallest side walls windowless, they are said to owe their unusual architectural style to owners' attempts to evade taxation by reporting construction unfinished. Flounder houses are common in the older sections of Philadelphia, and inasmuch as many early residents of Alexandria were Pennsylvania Quakers it is thought that this type of house may have originated there. The facades of most houses in Alexandria are even with the sidewalk, the doorways with shining brass knockers often painted in bright colors to match the shutters. Front or side yards are few; most old residences have narrow terraces or courtyards in back that enclose boxwood, mimosa, and an arbor of dangling wistaria within old brick walls.
Among the streets running east to the river, Prince Street in its final block is probably the most interesting. Its cobbled bed slopes down between Lombardy poplars and two rows of odd small houses with doors and shutters painted bright green, red, blue, or yellow. Along the river front, where the prevailing odor is of fish and fertilizer, are wooden wharves and vacant shabby warehouses that recall the days when Alexandria was an important port. Boat clubs occupy two old buildings on the river bank, where speedboats, launches, and sailboats tie up beside weather-beaten craft of local fishermen. In a few small eating places there is still a semblance of the old barroom and tavern atmosphere.
Alexandria's diurnal noises give way at night to a silence broken by puffing trains, the occasional whistling of steamers, and the drone of airplanes flying low for a landing or taking off at Washington Airport. On Saturday night the shops of King Street glitter and swarm with people, for Alexandria is still a country town; while down Washington Street passes a queue of automobiles. On Sunday a lethargy descends on Alexandria. In the principal Negro quarter, a section of nondescript row houses just north of King Street and west of Washington Street, groups sit chatting in doorways, on stoops, or in rocking chairs on the sidewalks, as they watch children at play and couples en promenade displaying their Sunday best. Negroes live in every section of Alexandria and the professional group and government workers have substantial residences.
Old Alexandrians and newcomers constitute two distinct groups. The 'Foreign Legion,' as recently acquired citizens are called, discovered Alexandria just after the World War, restored old houses, moved in, and since 1932 has gained many recruits from Washington's officialdom. Streets were lengthened to accommodate new houses, fashioned after eighteenth century models. People who once could recite the genealogy of every neighbor worth knowing find their refurbished city a bit perplexing, grateful as they are for the prosperity the 'Foreign Legion' has brought.
Although Captain John Smith ascended the Potomac to the falls in 0o8, the west shore of the river was the last of Virginia's Tidewater fringe to be settled. In 1669 Governor Berkeley granted Robert Howsing 'six thousand acres of land situate . . . upon the freshes of Potomac River on the west side.' Captain John Alexander, who surveyed this tract, including the site of Alexandria, bought the Howsing grant the year following, and sporadic settlement began.
The section suffered in 1675 because of the Susquehannock War, when the Indians crossed the Potomac to attack new settlers. Colonel John Washington with a Virginia force joined Major John Truman's Maryland troops in a campaign against the Indians on Piscataway Creek (Maryland). During a truce, Maryland soldiers killed the Indian conferees. The Susquehannock, bent on revenge, advanced southward and aroused other Indians, thus bringing about conditions that led to Bacon's Rebellion. The century had ended before the Indians were driven out and permanent settlements established.
Plantations flourished after 1713, when Queen Anne's War ended and tobacco trade expanded. Indian trails then became 'rolling roads,' along which hogsheads of tobacco were drawn or 'rolled' by oxen or horses to public warehouses. The first warehouse in this vicinity was authorized in 1730 on the south side of Hunting Creek 'upon Broadwater's land.' The site was found unsuitable, and establishment of a warehouse 'upon Simon Pearson's land upon the upper side of Great Hunting Creek' was confirmed in 1732 by the general assembly. In 174o a public ferry was established 'from Hunting Creek warehouse, on land of Hugh West . . . to Frazier's point in Maryland,' and from 'the plantation of John Hareford in Doeg's Neck . . . to Prince George County in Maryland.' A tavern was erected here, on the main thoroughfare between New England and the South, and the community was called Belhaven. By l742, when fees of tobacco inspectors were fixed, Hunting Creek Warehouse and that 'on the land of the Honourable Thomas Lee, Esquire, at the Falls of Patowmack,' were important shipping points.
In that year Fairfax County was cut from Prince William, and in 1748 the general assembly authorized the establishment of a town for Fairfax County 'at Hunting Creek warehouse,' to be named Alexandria for the family that had once owned the site. The following year the county surveyor, John West, Jr., assisted by young George Washington, laid off the town in streets and 84 half-acre lots. Among the purchasers were Lawrence Washington of Mount Vernon and his brother Augustine. Soon a busy port and an important stage stop, Alexandria grew quickly to commercial prominence. In 1752 it was made the county seat.
The export of wheat became in time even more important to Alexandri than that of tobacco. Grain growing increased as settlement pushed westward, making the colony self-sufficient in flour and meeting the demands of an expanding market in England and the West Indies. By 1776 caravans of 'flour waggons' were coming from as far as Winchester and returning laden with merchandise from England. In 1781 Alexandria was first on Virginia's flour inspection list.
Taverns such as the City Tavern, the Bunch of Grapes, and the Indian Queen opened for the accommodation of travelers and for the entertainment of the 'gentry'-Washingtons, Fairfaxes, Masons, and other plantation owners with fine mansions in or near town. Scottish merchant-shippers, like the partners Carlyle and Dalton, built handsome town houses, and George Washington had a house in town. Parties and balls were frequent, while the populace sought amusement in fairs, political rallies, and other gatherings held in Market Square. Washington, who raced his own horses, was a steward of the Alexandria jockey Club.
Washington's first command-troops recruited in Alexandria-was drilled in Market Square before proceeding against the French in 1754. Alexandria was the mobilization point for Maryland troops and for one New York company in preparation for the second campaign in 1755. Here they joined Virginia troops and British regiments under the command of General Edward Braddock. Before starting, the general held a conference in Alexandria with the governors of five colonies. Washington set out as an aide to Braddock but assumed command after Braddock's death.
In July 1774 Washington presided in the courthouse here at a meeting to elect delegates to the first Virginia convention and to protest against the Boston Port Bill. 'If Boston is forced to submit, we will not,' the citizens declared. The Fairfax Resolves, drawn by George Mason, stated Virginia's position on taxation, Parliament, and the Crown, suggested a common platform, and affirmed that 'every little jarring interest and dispute which hath ever happened between these Colonies should be buried in eternal oblivion.'
When the town was incorporated in 1779, Alexandria acquired a seal picturing 'a ship in full sail with a balance equally poised above the ship.' Some of the streets were paved by Hessian prisoners, labor procured through Dr.William Brown, one of the first surgeons general of the Revolutionary army and compiler during the war of the first American Pharmacopoeiafor the Use of Army Hospitals. A lodge of Masons was organized in 1783. The next year a daily newspaper was established, now the oldest in America, and in 1785 an academy was founded to which Washington contributed annual gifts. He also endowed a short-lived charity school, the first free school in northern Virginia.
In that same year representatives from Virginia and Maryland met in Alexandria to discuss boundaries and commercial relations between the two States. This meeting, continued at Mount Vernon, led to the Annapolis Convention of 1786 and to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787.
In 1789 Virginia gave Alexandria away. Along with a generous slice of Fairfax County, the city later became part of the District of Columbia, laid out in 1791, and the stone marking the southern comer, still in place at Jones Point, was planted with a Masonic ceremony. The presiding official was Dr.Elisha Cullen Dick, who executed two oil paintings of Washington and was consulting physician during Washington's last illness.
Alexandria's exile had its highlights. The Bank of Alexandria, first in the present area of Virginia, was organized in 1792. Two years later the Library Company of Alexandria was founded; many sea captains subscribed, and carried its books on long voyages. A brick building (1767-73) had been erected to replace the wooden parish church, and the Presbyterian Meeting House, completed in 1790, was followed in 1795 by St.Mary's, the first permanent Roman Catholic church in Virginia. When the British sacked the city of Washington in 1814 and jeopardized Alexandria, town officials surrendered to the invaders, who burned a ship at anchor and loaded their vessels liberally with supplies. Alexandria's most serious fire occurred in 1824. An event of quite another sort took place in 1836: the tweaking of President Jackson's nose by Lieutenant Robert Randolph, U.S.N., aboard the steamboat Sydney. Randolph, whom Jackson had dismissed for defaulting with Government funds, was knocked down, then hustled ashore and placed under arrest; he was not punished for the assault.
In 1846 homesick Virginians asked Congress to give them back to the Old Dominion. Their petition was granted. In 1847 the general assembly created Alexandria County with Alexandria its seat. In 1898 Clarendon became the county seat, and in 1920 the name of the county was changed to Arlington.
But good fortune was mixed with alloy. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad reached Winchester and the Cumberland coal fields, and in the 184o's it diverted trade to Baltimore. Though Alexandria achieved city status in 1852, it was soon outstripped by Baltimore and its new fleets of clipper ships.
The War between the States brought about another period of exile. After sending four companies, including a battalion of artillery, to Harpers Ferry in 1859 to suppress John Brown's raid, Alexandria at the beginning of the war was severed from the rest of Virginia. In April 1861, when Robert E. Lee assumed command of Virginia's armed forces, he was followed by many Alexandrians. The next month Federal troops took possession of the city. In August 1863, two months after West Virginia had been admitted to the Union, Governor Francis Pierpont proclaimed Alexandria capital of the 'reorganized government' of Virginia, and it remained so to the end of the war.
Safe behind Federal lines Alexandria escaped the havoc that obliterated evidences of the past in other Virginia cities, but it continued to fall behind newer commercial centers. The city passed through several decades of sluggish economic development before its recent rejuvenation. Today, however, it has the second largest freight classification yards in America and numerous industries: two large fertilizer plants; a plant for the construction and repair of refrigerator cars; chemical works; an automobile assembling plant; iron works; foundries; a shirt factory; a brick kiln; an a pottery. Its industrial pay roll of some $6,ooo,ooo is distributed annually among approximately 3,600 employees.
1. The CITY HALL AND MARKET HOUSE (open daily), Cameron St. between Royal and Fairfax Sts., a red brick building with corner pavilions and a lofty spire upon a clock tower, is a highly stylized version of late eighteenth-century architecture. The massive central motif on the Cameron Street fagade, crowned with a mansard roof, aggravates the eclectic style of the building. Erected in 1817 and burned in 1871, it was rebuilt and enlarged in 1873.
A courthouse for Fairfax County was erected on Market Square in 1754. A school, apparently the first in Alexandria, occupied the ground floor. In 1782 a larger brick structure over a massive arcade was built on the northwest comer of the square. This was incorporated in the building erected in 1817. Until 1789 the seat of Fairfax County was on this site. For 11 years after the area comprising Alexandria was ceded to the Federal Government, county business continued to be conducted here. From 1847 to 1898 the courthouse of Alexandria County remained in the city.
In the courthouse is a SET OF STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES stamped 'The County of Fairfax 1744,' said to be the only complete set in the United States of early standards authorized by England.
The ALEXANDRIA-WASHINGTON LODGE OF MASONS is in the central part of the Cameron Street side of the building. Chartered in 1783 under the qrFd Lodge of Pennsylvania, it transferred to the Grand Lodge of Virgima in 788,'when Alexandria Lodge No.22 was chartered and George Washington was named its first Worshipful Master. In 1805 'Washington' was added to 'Alexandria,' the only instance in the history of Masonry of a lodge altering its name without a new charter.
The MASONIC MUSEUM (open 9-5 weekdays; adm. $0.10) contains two portraits of Washington, an oil by C.P.Polk and a pastel done by William Williams in 1794; the high leather-covered library chair Washington presented and used as Master; his personal Masonic relics; and his bedcham. ber clock with its hands, stopped by Dr.Dick, still pointing to ten minutes past ten, the moment of Washington's death. Among other portraits are one of La Fayette at 27 by Charles Willson Peale P and one of Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax, painted in London by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
2. GADSBY'S TAVERN (Open 9-5 weekdays, 2-5 Sun.; adm. $0.25),132 Royal St., is a two-story brick structure with a taller brick addition nex door. The older building is topped by a gabled roof above a modillioned cornice with fretwork along the lowest molding. The roof is pierced by three dormers, large keystones accentuating the flat arches above the window openings. Fluted pilasters flank the central entrance and support a broken pediment that rises through a stringcourse above a round-arched transom with a tall keystone. The portal, the winged flat arches, and large key-blocks of stone over the windows are typical of late eighteenth-century Georgian Colonial design. In the restored courtyard stands an eighteenth-century coach, as if waiting for the hostler's slothful boy to bring out the horses. From this structure, built in 1752 and long known as the City Tavern, Washington recruited for his first command in 1754, and he used it several times as headquarters during the French and Indian War.
John Wise, who bought the City Tavern in 1792 and built the addition, was succeeded as host two years later by John Gadsby, an Englishman. An inventory in 1802 showed ten buildings, including stables, kitchens, and laundry, grouped about a courtyard. John Davis, an English traveler, said 'that Gadsby keeps the best house of entertainment -in America.' Washington attended two celebrations of his birthday here, one in 1789 and his last in 1799. When he reviewed Alexandria troops from these tavem steps in November 1799, he ended his military career where he had begun it 45 years before. The townspeople gave General La Fayette a brilhant reception herein 1824.
Both buildings of the tavern are restored. Although the splendid paneling of the ballroom in the comer structure has been acquired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, both interiors are still notable for the quality and extent of their carved woodwork. The basement kitchen contains a collection of Colonial utensils.
3. The CARLYLE HOUSE (Open 9-5 weekdays; adm. $0.15), 123 N. Fairfax St. (entrance through Wagar Building), is a large, two-story stuccoed brick building in Georgian Colonial style. The hip roof is pierced by dormers and a chimney at each end of the ridge. Along the garden side spreads a wide terrace. On the west front a long flight of stone steps leads to the double door with an elliptical fanlight and stone arch, on the keystone of which is carved Humilitate, motto of the Carlyle family. Porches and other modifications have not improved a once handsome exterior, but the interior is still distinguished by fine paneled woodwork. From the transverse hall, the stairway ascends gracefully in one continuous curve. Decorative features of the outstanding Blue Room include pediments broken into sweeping scrolls over both doors, an elegant fireplace with pale blue marble facing, a shallow mantel supported by pilasters, a low dado with Greek key molding, and a deep cornice with modillions and rosettes. A museum since 1914, the house contains an extensive collection of early American furniture.
The house was built in 1752 by John Carlyle, a Scottish merchant, who came to America in 1740. In April 1755 Carlyle, then commissary of the Virginia forces, offered his house to General Braddock, Commodore Keppell, and the governors of five colonies, who met in the Blue Room to plan a concerted campaign against the French and Indians. Colonel George Washington was present and received his commission as an aide on the general's staff.
4. The RAMSAY HOUSE (open daiJy), NE. comer King and Fairfax Sts., a two-and-a-half-story building of brick covered partly with clapboard and partly with flush boarding, is the oldest house in Alexandria. It has three pedimented dormer windows on the front, and the roof slopes away in a broad half-gable toward the rear. This rather odd structure was built in 1749-51 by William Ramsay, a Scottish merchant who was one of the founders of Alexandria and its first postmaster.
5. The ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE BUILDING, 317 King St., a modem stone structure, houses the oldest daily newspaper in the United States. First issued on February 5, 1784, by George Richard & Company as the Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser, it has undergone changes of name and ownership, but the Gazette of today is a continuation of the original paper. The office file lacks only a few of the earliest issues and those of 1861, when the Gazette was suppressed by Federal authorities for its strong secessionist sentiment, and its building was burned by Federal soldiers. Publication was continued surreptitiously during the war in a little sheet called Local News.
6. STABLER-LEADBEATER'S DRUG STORE (Open 10-4:30; adm. free), 107 S.Fairfax St., one of the oldest drug stores in America, operated until 1933 on the ground floor of this three-story brick building. It was restored by the Landmarks Society of Alexandria, sponsored by the American Pharmaceutical Association, and opened to the public in 1939. Flint glass bottles, mortars with pestles, old thermometers, scales, weights, and measures are part of the shop's authentic equipment.
Founded in 1792 by Edward Stabler, a Quaker from Petersburg, the. store was patronized by Drs. Craik, Dick, and Brown. The account books and prescription files show drugs sold to Henry Clay, John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and the Washington, Lee, Custis, and Fairfax families. A note in Martha Washington's hand is preserved: 'Mrs.Washington desires Mr.Stabler to send by bearer a quart bottle of his best Castor Oil and a bill for it, Mt.Vemon, 1802.' In 1852 John Leadbetter of Philadelphia, who had married the granddaughter of the founder, took over the store. Robert E. Lee was making a purchase here when Lieutenant J.E.B.Stuart delivered orders to him to suppress John Brown's Raid in 1859.
7. The OLD PRESBYTERIAN MEETING HOUSE (open 9:30-5 daily, Apr. to Oct.; adm. $0.10), 321 S.Fairfax St., is a large, rather austere, red brick hall with a broad gabled roof and two tiers of regularly spaced windows. A tall square tower at the west end is crowned by a latticed balustrade and a handsome square wood cupola with pilasters. The whitepainted interior, with box pews, open gallery, and a semidomed recess in the end wall behind the centered pulpit, has a severity more common to New England than to the South.
The first Meeting House, attended by Scottish colonists and their descendants, was begun in 1774 but finished only after an act of 1790 allowed the trustees 'to raise by one or more lotteries' money enough for 'completing the building.' Struck by lightning in 1835 and burned, it was succeeded the following year by the present building erected on th same lot. In 1886 the meeting house was abandoned as a place of worship.
The white marble table tomb of an Unknown Soldier of the Revolutior stands in the treeless yard among the graves of many Revolutionists of Scottish ancestry, including Dr.Craik, Major John Carlyle, and Colonel Dennis Ramsay.
8. The CRAIK HOUSE (private), 21c, Duke St., is a dilapidated threeand-a-half-story red brick building with brick stringcourses marking the floor levels and a large dentil cornice along the facade. The gabled roof is pierced by two round-arched dormer windows.
The house built about 1790, was the home and office of Dr.James Craik (1730-1814), a Scottish surgeon, who accompanied Washington on his campaigns in the French and Indian War and was with him in every battle from Great Meadows to Yorktown. He was appointed assistant director-general of hospitals in the Continental Army in 1779. Dr.Craik, in attendance at Mount Vernon when Washington died, is mentioned in his will as 'My old and intimate friend, Dr. Craik.'
9. The CORYELL HOUSE (private), 2o8 Duke St., of 'flounder' type, built in 1790, is an unpainted frame building leaning against the Craik House. George Coryell, who lived here, and his father Cornelius Coryell of New Jersey ferried Washington across the Delaware River on Christmas Eve 1776.
10. The LA FAYETTE HOUSE (private), SW. comer Duke and St. Asaph Sts., is a large red brick house with white stone arches above each window and a balustrade along the front parapet of the gable roof. A wide, round-arched entrance portal, with delicately traced fan- and sidelights, is the most notable exterior feature. Attractive interior woodwork is well preserved. The house is one of the best examples of Federal or post-Colonial architecture in the city. Built by Thomas Lawrason in 1795, it was lent by his widow in 1825 to La Fayette, who stayed here during his last visit to America.
11. The OLD LYCEUM HALL (private), SW. comer Washington and Prince Sts., erected in 1839, is a two-story stuccoed brick building painted yellow and lined to simulate stone blocks. A tall Doric portico, with four fluted columns and a continuous triglyphed entablature, gives this Greek Revival building an air of serenity.
In 1834 gentlemen of the town, led by Benjamin Hallowell, the Quaker schoolmaster, formed a society devoted to literature, science, and history. Hallowell, elected president, delivered the first lecture, on vegetable physiology. This building was erected five years later. During the War between the States it was used as a hospital. Today (1939) the Little Theater presents occasional productions here.
12. The LORD FAIRFAX HOUSE (private), 607 Cameron St., is a three-story town house with a long two-story ell at the rear. Two white stringcourses cut across the tall red brick facade. Above a recessed vestibule, within which delicately carved pilasters and small columns flank the portal, a stuccoed surface arch rises from the first stringcourse and embraces the central windows of the two upper stories. The interior retains much of its fine original woodwork. In the hall a graceful stairway with mahogany banisters winds above an oval well. The house was built in 1816, and bought in 1830 by Thomas, Lord Fairfax, ninth Baron of Cameron.
13. The ROBERT E. LEE HOUSE (private), 607 Oronoco, St., is a twoand-one-half-story building of pink brick with white trim. A dormer window pierces the long gabled roof on each side of a small eave pediment, the latter rising above a slightly projecting central pavilion. The Georgian Colonial doorway and windows, with keystoned. flat arches of white stone, are widely spaced. The interior is notable for original mantels and a graceful staircase. An acre of garden at the rear remains almost as it was a century ago.
The house was owned in 1795 by John Potts and purchased in 1799 by William Fitzhugh. In x81:8 when Robert E. Lee was ii years old, his mother, Ann Hill Carter Lee, moved here from another house in Alexandria where the family had lived since 1811. Here General La Fayette paid his respects to Mrs.Lee in 1824, and met her son, who had been assistant marshal of the welcoming parade.
14. The HALLOWELL SCHOOL (private), 609 Oronoco St., shares a common chimney with the Lee House next door. Built about 1793, this house accommodated the school opened in 1825 by Benjamin Hallowell (1799-1877), a Pennsylvania Quaker, and was attended by sons of prominent families in the community and by students from Canada and Latin America. Robert E. Lee was prepared here for entrance to the United States Military Academy.
15. The PHILIP FENDALL HOUSE (private), 429 N.Washington St., is a frame-covered brick structure in early Federal style with a Victorian front porch. It rises two stories to an attic with latticed windows under plain eaves, and has a long gabled wing at the rear.
Built shortly after the Revolution, it was the home of Philip R. Fendall, attorney, whose first wife was Elizabeth Steptoe, widow of Philip Ludwell Lee, and whose second wife was Mary Lee, sister of 'Light Horse Harry' Lee. The house came into possession of Richard Bland Lee, brother of 'Light Horse Harry,' in 1792 and for the next half-century the house. was a home of the Lee family. On December 15, 1799, friends assembled here to make arrangements for Washington's funeral.
16. The LLOYD HOUSE (private), 220, N.Washington St., perhaps the finest example of formal domestic architecture in Alexandria, is a large, square, red brick house of post-Colonial design. The broad gabled roof has three dormer windows with slender pilasters supporting a diminutive gable pediment. The modest but beautifully designed doorway is framed by Corinthian pilasters and a broken pediment over the round-arched fanlight. Two tiers of windows with flat-arched lintels complete a dignified fagade. Fine brickwork is matched by the interior woodwork in modified Adam style. The house was built in 1793 by John Hooe and acquired by the Lloyd family in 1832.
17. CHRIST CHURCH (open 9-5 weekdays, adm. $0.10; services Sun.), SE. comer Cameron and Columbia Sts., is a late Georgian Colonial building of dark red brick laid in Flemish bond. Centered on the west fagade is a square tower supporting an octagonal belfry in three stages, and a domed cupola. White stone quoining emphasizes the comers of the main structure, and white keystones accent the flat-arched brick lintels of the first tier of windovis and the arched brick headings of those above. The broad hip roof rises above a continuous denticulated. cornice to a short ridge. The east wall is pierced in the center by a fine Palladian window with four square pilasters and a broken pediment. A balcony extends around three sides of the chaste white interior beneath an aquamarine ceiling. The canopied pulpit, originally against the north wall, is centered before the Palladian window.
Preceded by a frame building and known until early in the nineteenth century as Alexandria or Lower Church, the present structure was built in 1767-73. The tower and cupola and probably the balcony were added in 1818 the year in which the small graceful wrought-brass and crystal chan4elier was brought from England, where it was purchased for $140, at George Washington's expense. Two of the white box pews are marked by silver plates: the one owned by Washington, a vestryman of the parish for three months in 1765; the other of Robert E. Lee.
18. FRIENDSHIP FIRE ENGINE HOUSE (open occasionally, adm. $0.10), 107 S.Alfred St., is a small red brick building with classical trim painted white, castiron acanthus leaves topping stone pilasters and iron ornaments upon the projecting lintels of two tall windows. The figures 1774 (the year the fire company was formally organized) fill the low pediment above the wide door and are inscribed again on the square wooden base of the tall octagonal cupola.
The building was erected perhaps as early as 1775 and housed the local fire company of which Washington was a member and honorary captain ~hortly before his death. Among exhibited memorabilia of early fire fightIng is a copy of the fire engine, now preserved in Baltimore, Maryland, that Washington brought from Philadelphia in 1774 and presented to the Friendship Fire Company.
19. The GEORGE WASHINGTON MASONIC NATIONAL MEMORIAL TEMPLE (open 9-5 daiJy), on Shooter's Hill, King St. and Russell Rd., a gray stone monument in neo-Classic style, occupies the site first proposed for the National capitol. On a massive square base structure, from the center of which juts a Doric portico, a vast tower rises through three colossal stages to a stepped pyramid reaching more than 400 feet above the summit of the terraced hill.
The idea of a monument to George Washington, the Mason, originated with Charles H. Callahan of Alexandria. The movement got under way at a meeting of the Alexandria-Washington Lodge in igio, and the comerstone was laid on November 1, 1923. Designed by Harvey Wiley Corbett of New York and costing $5,000,000 contributed by 3,000,000 Masons, the temple will eventually house the portraits and relics in possession of the Alexandria-Washington Lodge of Masons.
Mount Eagle (Lord Fairfax Country Club) 1.5 m.; Woodlawn, 8.8 m.; Mount Vernon, 9.4 m.; Fort Belvoir, 9 m. (see Tour 1a). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Fort Myer, 7.5 m. (see Tour 12). Episcopal high School, 3 m.; Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary, 3.2 m. (see Tour 13). Falls Church, 8.8 m. (see Tour 4a and Tour 13).
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Greetings grammophiles!
In this third installment of our series on the anatomy of an essay (we've come a long way since Robert Burton's Anatonmie of Melancholie!), I will discuss how to evaluate the quality of a particular resource. The proliferation of the internet has certainly made information more accessible, but ease of accessibility also makes it more difficult to determine which sources are the most credible. A credible source makes your argument more credible as well.
Ranking Quality
As you may have learned from a few of my recent posts about writing lab, a second reader tends to improve the quality of your work. The same is true in the publishing world. Any resource that has been reviewed by one or more experts (peers) in a particular field is considered the highest quality or most credible. Some of the most credible sources are:
Scholarly Journal Articles
News Magazine Articles
Newspaper Articles
Expert Testimony (like in court)
Sources are considered less credible when they are not reviewed by an editor, publisher, or expert in the field. Does this mean you cannot use these resources at all? Absolutely not. This just means that you should be even more suspicious about how well the author has grounded his or her arguments (empirical research, logic, other expert opinions). Some less credible resources include:
Authorless Papers
Personal Blogs
Subjective Reports (the author fails to deliver both sides of the argument)
Wikipedia (great place to start your research but doesn't belong in
your final works cited page)
Of course this list is subjective as well (this is a blog too you know), and it may not be directly applicable to all types of writing. But if you are looking to write an argumentative essay, founded on factual research and logical argument, you should definitely make every effort to establish the credibility of your resources.
Hints and Caveats
* Age matters: some resources get better with age, and some do not. Some of the best thinking about Homer's Iliad was published in the 1920s. However, the same is not true for rocket scientists.
* Expertise matters: some people just have better and more insightful things to say about a subject than others. Do some research to find out who is the most widely regarded expert in your particular field. Read that person first.
* Conciseness matters: why read 300 pages of rambling musings on a subject when you can read 30? Just because a book or resource is longer, does not mean it is automatically better. Look for the resources that develop a clear argument within a manageable amount of space.
Happy researching, and keep the comments coming.
Brady Spangenberg
Friday, September 4, 2009
The Anatomy of an Essay Part 3: Evaluating Sources
Posted by Brady Spangenberg at 11:56 AM
Labels: argument, credibility, evaluating sources, research, research methods
5 comments:
An excellent blog, I've recommended it to my composition students.
PS: There's a typo in the title of your post.
- September 5, 2009 at 1:50 PM
- Brady Spangenberg said...
Whoops! Thanks for the tip about the typo. May I ask what type of students you are working with (and where)?
- September 5, 2009 at 3:01 PM
Thanks for the tips. May I ask why you don't mention MLA style for citations?
- December 9, 2009 at 7:39 AM
- Andrea Duff said...
Hi Deb
We do refer to it (in a round about way) via our links on the side navigation. Here is a version of the MLA style guide from the University of Queensland
- December 18, 2009 at 11:26 PM
Your post is really interesting, you have your own ideas, i love reading it. Thanks for such a cool blog. Damiana
- April 8, 2012 at 3:37 PM
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subset: commoncrawl


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Coffee and donuts what a perfect pair. Today is National Donut Day. Yes, that means you can eat donuts all day long! Glazed, cream filled, chocolate covered, sprinkle covered, powered sugar. So many donuts to choose from, and only one day to pig out. This is a fun way to celebrate a delicious treat, but did you know that National Donut Day was created by the Salvation Army?
National Donut Day was first celebrated 73 years ago in the city of Chicago as was a way to honor Salvation Army Doughnut Lassies.
You might ask what are Donut Lassies? According to the Salvation Army blog, Donut Lassies was the nickname given to the female Salvation Army officers who traveled through the trenches during World War I to deliver soldiers donuts and coffee. These Donut Lassies wanted to comfort the physically and emotionally drained soldiers, so they made donuts. The Donut Lassies delivered a delicious treat and a boost of joy to the soldiers during a bleak time.
National Donut Day originated to celebrate Donut Lassies, but also served to raise funds and awareness for the Salvation Army. Today the tradition of helping the Salvation Army continues. If you are interested in learning more about Donut Day or the Donut Lassies, CLICK HERE.
As you enjoy a donut, or donuts, with a cup of coffee today, remember how National Donut Day started back in 1938!
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2007 Form Challenges
Italian Octave
This octave consists of two italian quatrains and was well used by Petrarch in his poetry. It had no set form or line length then and was used as a vehicle for his poems including his sonnets. Later Spenser formalised it to Iambic Pentameter, although modern poets prefer to just stick to pentameter. The original suggested pattern is:


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Plants vs. Zombies 2 'Far Future' Update Details
The botanical war against the undead gets even grander with the addition of some new plants and zombies.
PopCap Games has officially announced the "Far Future" update for Plants vs. Zombies 2 on EA's site. Far Future will bring about ten new zombie baddies and a new battlefield for you to wage war on. In order to help you repel the zombie outbreak, you have eight new plants that are going to help you hold the line.
The first of these new plants is Laser Bean, who can pierce through shielded zombies rather easily. Citron can damage mechs in the Future levels (where the zombies can attack in giant robots which most of your flowers can't take down). Star-Fruits will shoot stars wildly throughout the far reaches of the field in order to obliterate zombies all across the map. Also be prepared for the inclusion of Power Tiles.
The update will be available soon across all platforms.


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Well, unfortunately, there are no new comics to review this week since both The Muppet Show Comic Book: On the Road #2 and Muppet King Arthur don't come out until this Wednesday (February 10, 2010). Thankfully, there is some comic-related news worth reporting!
Our good friends at ToughPigs have an exclusive look at the first five pages of both King Arthur and On the Road #2. We finally get to see Dave Alvarez's take on the Muppets in King Arthur and it's hard not to absolutely love it. Be on the look-out for a cameo from a Henson creature one wouldn't normally expect to see!
Archaia Comics has also officially announced and debuted cover art for their Fraggle Rock comic book, in stores this April. Confirmed Fraggle Rock Comic Book contributors include Adrianne Ambrose, Heidi Arnhold, Jeffrey Brown, Ross Cambell, Katie Cook, Joanna Estep, Jake Forbes, Sam Humphries, Neil Kleid, Chris Lie, Jeremy Love, Grace Randolph, Jeff Stokley and Heather White.
It's great to see that friend of the blog Grace Randolph is getting involved with the Fraggle Rock comics, along with artist Katie Cook, whose work has been featured on ToughPigs in the past.
Look out next week for our review of either On the Road #2 or Muppet King Arthur #1 (or both, we haven't really decided yet) (because I know you all care so much).
The Muppet Mindset by Ryan Dosier


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Our Authors
Elle James
Award-winning author Elle James grew up as an air force military brat. She received her work ethic from her rock-solid father, her creative streak from her artistic mother and inspiration from her writing partner and sister, Delilah Devlin. As a former member of the army reserves and a current member of the air force reserves, she's traveled across the United States and to Germany, managed a full-time job, and raised three wonderful children. She and her husband have even tried their hands at ranching exotic birds (ostriches, emus and rheas) in the Texas hill country. Ask her, and she'll tell you what it's like to go toe-to-toe with an angry three-hundred-and-fifty-pound bird and live to tell about it!
Her adventures in the army and air force reserves, and the wild antics of her life on a small ranch in Texas give her fodder for mystery, suspense and humour in her writing. Elle writes gothic, paranormal mystery for the Harlequin Intrigue line and paranormal romantic comedy for Dorchester Publishing. A former manager of computer programming and project management professionals, Elle is happy she now has the opportunity to pursue her writing full time. Elle's paranormal romantic comedy,To Kiss a Frog, won the Romance Writers of America's 2004 Golden Heart for Best Paranormal Romance.
If you would like to contact Elle, please send an email to [email protected]


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- Written by webmin
If any of you know Geoff Hacker like we do, you'll know that he's like a terrier after a rat when it comes to tracking down information on the cars he's interested in, going so far as to drive across the country to speak with family members of a custom car builder. You'll also know that he's had a long-standing interest in the immediate pre- and post-war sports cars that Frank Kurtis designed and Paul Omohundro built, including the 1946-1947 Kurtis Omohundro Comet, which Geoff had obtained a couple years back. Geoff's just about nailed down the entire history of the car, but has one last tidbit he's trying to track down, and he's hoping somebody out there in Hemmings Nation can help. Geoff writes:
As part of the research for this car, I've met with the Omohundro and Kurtis families who both live out West. I've traveled to the Detroit Public Library and the Automotive Archives at Kettering University (Formerly GMI Institute) of Flint, Michigan, and interviewed all known owners of the car (and a second Comet built) from 1950 thru the 2000s. No aluminum stone has gone unturned.
However, the initial piece of information that my good friend Rick D'Louhy found has always been out of research. This was a story that appeared in the "Encyclopedia of American Cars: 1946 to 1959″ book by James Moloney and George Dammann. There were two stories about the Kurtis Omohundro Comet cars. The first story identified car #1 as the "Comet" and the second story identified car #2 as the "Mercury Special." I've talked to both Moloney and Dammann about this information, but research for the book was discarded years ago (unfortunately).
All of our research into this car has been otherwise fruitful. We've been able to nail down every bit of information about both cars including appearances in national and international magazines and newspapers throughout the 1940s and early 1950s. However, the initial information that appeared in the "Encylopedia" about the Comet has continued to be elusive. That is, until recently.
Thanks to the research skill of Bob Cunningham, one more piece of information has been revealed. And it's exactly what Bob found that has led me to ask for you and your readers' help.
As you study the information that appears in the "Encyclopedia" about the Comet, you'll notice it's quite detailed. I've been looking for the source of this information in magazines, books, and newspapers of the day, and even reviewed all SCCA magazines/newsletters from 1944-1950 with no success. I've explored trade journals and every bit of info you could think of to no avail.
But when you study the information, you come to realize it's too detailed to appear in a magazine. Plus, this would have appeared in 1946 – before postwar automobile magazines started. The encyclopedia talks about a 1947 introduction of the car – and the license plate in the photo ends with "46″ – which was perhaps a full year before Speed Age Magazine, America's first postwar car magazine, debuted in May 1947.
Based on the fact the info is very detailed, I believed it must have been a sales flyer/literature on the car that was missing. But based on what I've seen from Bob Cunningham's research, I believe it's a publicity photo and accompanying press release that is missing.
Bob found the photo that matched the "Encyclopedia" photo on an online auction back in December, but it was missing any related "press release." It's exactly the same photo used in the "Encyclopedia." The back of the photo showed the person who illustrated the concept car that was being built – it said "Frank Raybold Design" (the spelling might have been "Frank Rabold"). There is also unreadable print on the bottom right of the photo – hence the need for a better scan of the original photo.
It appears to be a standard 8×10 glossy picture and unfortunately we don't know what happened to the photo. We realized too late what it was – but perhaps one of your readers knows the buyer or seller of the photo. If so, any help in reaching these folks would be appreciated.
No doubt more than one photo was created "back in the day" so the other possibility in reaching out to your readership is that one of them may have the photo and the missing "press release." If so, this would be wonderful too. Your readers would be helping establish the 1947 Kurtis Omohundro Comet as the first documented postwar sports car in America, so this would be a great contribution to helping establish history that has long been forgotten.
If anybody out there can help Geoff with his research, let us know and we'll put you in touch.
Posted in Blog
Tagged Frank Kurtis, Frank Raybold, geoff hacker, Hemmings Classic Car, Kurtis-Omohundro, literature, Lost and Found, one-offs and homebuilts


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|Oak Park, Calif.
|High School:
|House Affiliation:
2009 (Junior):
Led Harvard with 29 goals ... Named to the "Superior" list on the ACWPC All-Academic and CWPA Scholar-Athlete Teams ... Scored against Claremont and No. 13 Pacific at MIT Invitational (Sept. 5) ... Netted a goal against Redlands at MIT Invitational (Sept. 6) ... Tallied two goals in win over George Washington and netted another two against No. 11 Princeton at Princeton Invitational (Sept. 12) ... Scored a goal and had four kickouts drawn against Fordham at Princeton Invitational (Sept. 13) ... Had two goals, four steals and drew two kickouts in win over MIT (Sept. 16) ... Tallied a goal against George Washington at ECAC Championships (Sept. 18) ... Scored twice in win over Connecticut College at ECAC Championships (Sept. 20) ... Netted a goal in victory at Queens (Sept. 26) ... Scored a goal, handed out three assists and made one steal against Pomona-Pitzer at Claremont Convergence (Oct. 2) ... Drew four kickouts and scored two goals in win over Connecticut College (Oct. 8) ... Drew four kickouts against Brown (Oct. 10) ... Scored twice against Iona (Oct. 11) ... Drew five kickouts and scored a goal against Fordham (Oct. 17) ... Notched two goals against St. Francis (N.Y) (Oct. 18) ... Scored six goals and had three steals against Connecticut College at Northern Division Championships (Nov. 7) ... Netted a goal in win over Queens (N.Y.) at Northerns (Nov. 8).
2008 (Sophomore):
ACWPC All-Academic Team ... CWPA Scholar-Athlete Team ... Scored a goal in Harvard's 17-8 win over Washington & Jefferson at Cambridge Invitational (Sept. 13) ... Had a hat trick against Iona during ECAC Championships (Sept. 20) ... Tallied a score at No. 6 Loyola Marymount (Oct. 5) ... Was Harvard's only multi-scorer at Fordham (Oct. 12), tallying a hat trick ... Found the back of the net in win over Queens (Oct. 18) ... Had three goals against MIT and one vs. Fordham at day one of Northern Division Championships (Nov. 8) ... Tallied two scores against Fordham on second day of Northerns (Nov. 9).
2007 (Freshman):
ACWPC Academic All-American Team ... CWPA All-Academic Team ... Scored eight goals and added six assists, 12 steals, 10 kickouts and two blocks during rookie season ... Logged first career goal in victory over Santa Cruz ... Had two markers in win against Washington & Jefferson ... Recorded a game-high four assists and drew four ejections in win over Connecticut College ... Scored two goals against Brown ... Had a goal against St. Francis (N.Y.) at Eastern Championship semifinals.
High School:
Four-year letterwinner and three-year starter in water polo at Agoura High School ... Also earned four letters in swimming while participating in the 100 free, 100 backstroke, 200 medley relay and 4X100 freestyle ... Captain of both teams as a senior ... Named Two-time Alberta Open All-Tournament ... Three-time All-Marmonte League in water polo ... Team's Most Improved as a sophomore ... Two-time All-CIF ... All-Southern California and team MVP as a senior ... America's Finest City All-Tournament Team ... All-Marmonte in swimming in 2005 and competed in CIF four events ... Set school records for steals in a season (81) as a junior in water polo and set a school record for fastest time in the 100 backstroke ... Scripture mastery and president of Seminary Class in 2003 and 2004 ... Math Honors Society ... AMC Math Test Honors ... Co-secretary of school Tutoring Center ... Boy Scouts of America member and recipient of Star Scout, Life Scout and Eagle Scout ... President and founder of AST Tutoring Services, a company designed to give tutoring jobs to the best tutors in the area ... National Merit Distinction ... AP Scholar ... Prudential Reality "Spirit of the Community" Scholarship ... Westlaker Scholarship and Athletic Scholar Award ... Valedictorian of class ... Bank of America Scholarship and Distinction for Liberal Arts ... Son of Deena and Scott


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< Staten Island Getting Help
Nov 02, 2012 06:26
Category: General News
Category: General News
Long Gas Lines In New York
NEW YORK (AP) — Long lines at gas stations in suburban Westchester County snaked along expressway breakdown lanes and exit ramps today as the morning commute began and frustration mounted at the slow pace of basic recovery. But there are signs of hope. Con-Ed vows to restore power by the weekend to many customers in Manhattan and Brooklyn and more subways and rail lines are reopening today.


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TWD necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 23 diseños de 7 diseñadores freelance.
Credit card website that will be used as a resource for consumers and business owners to find the perfect solution for them. I will accept moneybookers.com or western union. If payment is made using any of these, fees will be deducted from winnings.
Project: creditcardenroll.com (no logo provided)
Description: Company offers many different credit card types and credit information to consumers and businesses.
Competiton/Similar Product:
http://www.oxfordcreditcards.com/ (do not like design, only content)
See this file for specifics
Color Pallet:
I would like to use all of the colors shown here (blue, green, gray)
Prefered Style (with defined structure):
Clean, crisp, updated look.
no search bar
- see above
- see above.


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I just can't resist adding this picture to the family album. Ann and Steve holding hands like the best of pals that they were (and still are). I'm not too sure, but I think Ann has her cut-off pants on back to front - she never, ever had a tummy - she was always skinny as could be. Love the bracelets, as an added wardrobe embellishment. One thing about Mother - she never interfered with our desire to dress up - as long as it was at home. The added embellishments put an added dollop to our playacting. (Remember Judy at Ralston with the funny cast-off girdle that someone had included in a batch of clothes that we were gifted with? Or the wonderful fur animal that had a head and a long tail that had a clasp so we could wear it around our necks? (We were very sophisticated when we wore that one.) There were hats with veils, and strange clothes. Some of the hand-me-downs that landed at our house were remodeled by Mother to try to eke out our wardrobes, but mostly, we had make-believe. In looking back, it seems to have been a magical childhood. There were certain rules of deportment that we were expected to adhere to, but in reality, we lived a pretty free, imaginative life.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
The Bobbsey Twins
Posted by Elizabeth at 10:13 AM
Labels: Ann Blood, Steve Blood
2 comments:
- Ann said...
Ok, this picture really made me laugh, especially when you made the comment about my pants being on backward. Only boys pants zipped up the front! What happy memories of a magical time. You are right - Steve and I spent so much time together and found so much mischief we probably made Mother's head spin. Thank you for stirring up more happy thoughts. We were very blessed to have lived where and how we lived during the Penrose years.
- May 5, 2009 at 1:19 PM
- Judy said...
We did indeed love the old clothes. Maybe it was because they had character. Wasn't good for us that we didn't care? Maybe that was part of the learning what was really important.
Ann and Steve holding hands is adorable.
Did Dwight ever get to wear old clothes?
- May 5, 2009 at 4:44 PM
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Cooking For Engineers
Analytical cooking discussed.
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Flavour For My Grilled Chicken Breast (no Skin)., Need help
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Posted: Thu May 12, 2005 8:05 am
Post subject:
I should add that I'm eating leftovers from the BBQ chicken breast right now for lunch.
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Posted: Thu May 12, 2005 8:05 am
Post subject:
I use a seasoning I from my local spice place:
(after brining of course
You could also come up with your own "chicken rub"
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Posted: Thu May 12, 2005 8:05 am
Post subject:
Salad Dressing! Why make this any harder than it needs to be?
I use italian. All you have to do it let it sit in it for about an hour and grill/bake/cook
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Dr. Biggles
Posted: Thu May 12, 2005 8:06 am
Post subject:
BME wrote:
Salad Dressing! Why make this any harder than it needs to be?
I use italian. All you have to do it let it sit in it for about an hour and grill/bake/cook
Yeah, I tried that a long time ago. The vinegar was really too strong for me. Made my mouth go thwach. If you're going to make it simple, just use EV Olive Oil and the squeeze of a lemon half or two. Just enough acid to make a difference. Sprinkle with cayenne or paprika. OR some Spanish Smoked Sweet Paprika!
Something else you could try is to make a curry paste out of EV oo with minced onion and roast that. Garnish with fresh cilantro and calamatta olives. Yum.
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Posted: Sun May 15, 2005 8:39 am
Post subject:
Here's a couple ways I like to make grilled skinless chicken:
1. Rub Adobo seasoning (found in the Latino food section) and olive oil all over the chicken pieces, then grill or broil. Simple and delicious.
2. Make a marinade of mayonnaise, lemon juice, Adobo and pepper (or lemon pepper). The consistency should be thin, so add water if you don't like too much lemony flavor. Soak chicken pieces in marinade overnight (if possible) in fridge. Grill or broil - watch carefully, as mayo tends to burn. Throw excess marinade out unless you cook it to kill any bacteria. I like this recipe because you are, in essence, brining the chicken which always helps to add flavor.
Also, if you ever have access to a big outdoor grill, try Cook's Illustrated's recipe for Beer Can Chicken (a whole chicken, dry-rubbed with spices and cooked on a beer can). It's awesome.
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Joined: 15 May 2005
Posts: 2
Location: Seattle WA USA
Posted: Sun May 15, 2005 8:58 am
Post subject:
Ack, few more thoughts that trickled into my head after my last post:
The beer can chicken recipe calls for either a brined OR kosher chicken. You may want to try finding kosher chicken breasts if you don't have time to brine.
Typically one would grill the chicken first, then brush on the desired sauce before serving. Since you're looking to add a sweet BBQ flavor, brush the sauce on the chicken near the END of grilling if you must. Adding a sugary coating before grilling is an invitation to burned meat!
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Chef Jim
Joined: 13 May 2005
Posts: 6
Location: Metro New York
Posted: Tue May 17, 2005 5:23 pm
Post subject:
It's really simple to liven up basic grilled chicken with a marinade. Experiment with your own cominations of herbs and liquids. Favorites are flavored vinegars, lime juice, lemon juice or even orange juice; olive oil, wine, cooled chicken stock can even be a base. Garlic, ginger, any chopped hot peppers, ground mustards, can be combined with any of your favorite herbs. Dried work well in marinades as they get a bit reconsituted in the liquids but fresh are always great.
Check out this site and experiment with your own flavors:
Happy Grilling!
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Posted: Mon Jun 06, 2005 4:56 am
Post subject: Try this
Buy a bone-in skin-on breast. After you cook it let it rest and then remove the skin. You will get a more delicious and moist breast.
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Posted: Sun Sep 11, 2005 6:18 pm
Post subject:
My favourite chicken marinade is a simple mediteranean one - equal quantities of lemon juice and good olive oil, lots of finely chopped garlic, salt and pepper and a handful of whatever (preferably fresh) herbs you have lying around. You can add the zest of the lemon too for extra zing.Throw the lot into a plastic bag or dish with the chicken, ensure it is coated and leave for between twenty minutes and an hour (any longer and you risk degrading the meat due to the astringency of lemon juice).
Prior to marinade, you can either cut the meat into cubes, ready for addition to a kebab, or bash the breast flat with rolling pin. Cook under the grill or on the BBQ, baste with remaining marinade, and try to get some char colour on the meat, as it tastes great. Serve with fried potatoes, Tzatziki/Raita and a side salad. Yum!
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Smillie - OzFire
Joined: 26 Sep 2005
Posts: 24
Location: South Australia
Posted: Thu Oct 27, 2005 2:47 am
Post subject:
Check out the sauce described under the buffalo wings recipe
it works a treat especially with pork or chicken
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Joined: 23 Oct 2005
Posts: 9
Location: australia
Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2005 8:55 am
Post subject: marinades etc.
A lot of your recipes sound great but so many use store bought bottles of wierd stuff. That is not cooking. it is horrible. Most of them have tons of MSG in them. Try using simple herbs and spices with real plant names not things like Jack belly or Cowboy or whatever those funny names are they are not real ingredients they are composite chemicals that mostly tast sweet and salty. The other point is that if you talk about local brand names like that they are not reciepes you can pass on because they are only available in america. Go get brave try , oregano, lemon , chilli, rosemary ,etc. they are so tasty and so healthy.
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Smillie - OzFire
Joined: 26 Sep 2005
Posts: 24
Location: South Australia
Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2005 10:37 am
Post subject:
ok I Agree..... sorry....
when I said wousteshire sause I meant .....
three Table spoons butter or duck fat.
Fresh Ingredients
2 onions
2 shallots
2 cloves of garlic.
1 chilli pepper
Wet Ingredients
1/2 Cup of soy sauce
1 cup of vinegar
1 cup molasses
1 Cup water
Dry Ingredients
5 cloves
1/2 Tablespoon black pepper
Packaged foods
2 Table Spoons of chopped tamarind
15 filets of anchovy
1. fry off onions shallots and garlic till caramelized.
2. add dry ingredients - stir well - till well browned.
3. add wet ingredients and packaged ingredients
4. simmer for about 1/2 hour
5. blend till smooth, mix then add another cup of vinegar strain and bottle
Age for a month or so before you use
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Joined: 21 Oct 2005
Posts: 10
Location: Ballwin Adjacent, Missouri
Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2005 8:42 pm
Post subject:
You can do almost anything to liven chicken breasts up. They are a blank pallet, if you will. You can use lemon-pepper by itself, bbq sauce, jerk seasoning, essence and garlic is also a favorite. What about other marinades like teriyaki or basic itallian dressing?
The sky is really the limit.
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Joined: 24 Sep 2005
Posts: 13
Location: Iowa/Chicago
Posted: Sun Dec 04, 2005 4:44 am
Post subject: Salad Dressing
I also use salad dressing as a marinade, any salad dressing. Italian has already been mentioned but I also find ranch, and caesar to be good. So far I have not found a dressing that did not make for good flavored chicken. Once I used a dressing that I found gross on salad to be great on the chicken, perhaps that extra flavor the grill adds gave it what it was missing. Another trick I have used, though not when grilling, is to throw seasonings in the bag with the breast as it is thawing, then it is marinaded in them and the broth/juice it lets out.
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Joined: 22 Jan 2006
Posts: 3
Posted: Sun Jan 22, 2006 7:43 pm
Post subject: slightly OT
Someone testing how well odors wash out of fabrics used Cardini salad dressing to scent the fabrics. Polypropelene was notorious for not washing clean so new synthetic fabrics were tested to avoid that problem.
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Each winter, monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) from the western U.S. and Canada migrate hundreds of miles to coastal California and Baja California, Mexico. They seek protection from freezing temperatures and winter storms, which they find in temperate forest groves along the Pacific coast.
In the East Bay, monarchs migrate to and spend the winter at four primary locations: Point Pinole Regional Shoreline (Richmond), Coyote Hills Regional Park (Fremont), Ardenwood Historic Farm (Fremont), and the Monarch Bay Golf Course in San Leandro.
Monarch populations fluctuate greatly; as many as 25,000 were counted at Ardenwood in 1997, with more modest numbers in recent years varying from two hundred to two thousand. This year the numbers look promising for Bay Area monarchs, although the official annual count won't be done until Thanksgiving weekend.
The butterflies will remain clustered in sheltered groves until longer days and warmer temperatures signal the time to begin mating. After mating, the male monarchs will expire and the fertilized females will disperse in search of milkweed onto which they will deposit their eggs.
According to Park District Resource Analyst Jessica Sheppard, the best time to view clustering monarchs is in the morning, before the ambient temperature reaches 55 degrees (Fahrenheit), or late in the afternoon. In the warmth of the midday sun, many of the butterflies leave the trees seeking flowers and water.
Guided monarch walks and programs for all ages are offered at Ardenwood Historic Farm on weekends, from late November through February 5th.
Richmond area visitors may seek out a clustering group of several hundred monarchs at Point Pinole Regional Shoreline. Their resting spot - high in the trees south of Biazi Trail - is marked with flagging tape on nearby trees.
For program information visit the East Bay Regional Park District's web site at www.ebparks.org or call 1 (888) 327-2757.
Isa Polt-Jones
(510) 544-2217


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This article explores how statistics can be interpreted in different ways to yield different conclusions. It describes the outcome and discussion of two class activities. In the first, the results are interpreted to "show" that taking a group rather... (View More) than an individual perspective is ultimately beneficial to the individual. In the second, a variation is added "showing" that telling the truth is better that lying. This resource is from PUMAS - Practical Uses of Math and Science - a collection of brief examples created by scientists and engineers showing how math and science topics taught in K-12 classes have real world applications. (View Less)
Keywords: Probability; Mean; Average
Audience: Middle school
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Materials Cost: Free


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Father Records His 7 Year Old Son Driving In The Highway's Of Canada At 70MPH & Now Being Investigated
Quebec provincial police are investigating and said charges could be laid after viewing a YouTube video showing the parents of a seven-year-old boy cheering their son on as he drives the family SUV on a country road.
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fatboyoutdoors wrote:Ok...I know...crazy...But...I am new to this game. Have a 14 month old GSP that was a rescue dog. He is a great dog in the field..points well and works fine. But points ever field mouse in the dang world. I mean flat out points. I can't tell it is a mouse until he pounces as I walk up to flush... Ideas?
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UK Germination Toolbox
This toolbox provides successful seed germination conditions for UK native species, mostly from the Millennium Seed Bank's collections. It is intended for all those who need to propagate UK native species from seed and will also be useful for researchers seeking seed trait data.
Search the database
For hints and tips on data entry and interpreting the output from the toolbox, download
Mandatory fields are marked with *.
Wildcards using '*' are accepted for Genus and Species, but must be preceded by at least 3 characters. For example 'rho*' is accepted, but 'r*' will not be.
Searches are all inclusive, ie if you include a species and a genus, you will only get results for that species in that genus.


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Donald Lutz Meets Elephant
One of my dreams just came true @CincinnatiZoo made it possible to get eye to eye with an elephant my fav animal pic.twitter.com/TzN0s21YDu
One of my dreams just came true @CincinnatiZoo made it possible to get eye to eye with an elephant my fav animal pic.twitter.com/TzN0s21YDu- Donald Lutz (@braunerhulk) June 18, 2013
Reds rookie left fielder Donald Lutz is a big dude. But not as big as this other dude, um, yeah because this other dude is AN ELEPHANT (ever heard of it? Largest land animal in the world?). Lutz and some other Reds have made frequent trips to the Cincinnati Zoo this year and have been tweeting out pictures and they are usually as adorable as this (the Cincinnati Zoo, by the way, is consistently rated one of the top 10 zoos in America, FYI).
As a side note, I can't believe no one has made a movie about an elephant playing baseball. There are about a million primate-playing-baseball movies (example). Here's a list of names of possible movies about a baseball playing elephant. LISTEN UP HOLLYWOOD:
--"Peanuts for Bimbo: The Elephant Who Played Baseball in Exchange for Peanuts"
--"Catcher with a Glass Trunk"
--"Baby Elephant Walk-Off"
--"The Elephant Who Held A Bat in His Trunk and Hit Home Runs and Also Threw Really Fast Fastballs With His Trunk and Won the Championship"


text: How quickly the world of tech turns. One year ago, the iPad was still a far-flung rumor, the original Motorola Droid represented the pinnacle of Android technology, and using a Groupon deal first meant explaining what the hell Groupon was to your dining counterpart. Fortunately, things get better with every revolution, and this year has been no exception. From set-top streamers to ultra-light laptops and brilliant LED-lit TVs, here are the remarkable gadgets and consumer technology products that made 2010 a great year for geeks.


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"Be prepared... Mentally and Physically to enter the game"
Thank you Dad for giving me the best gift of life ....YOU BELIEVED IN ME......
Nassim Young Dragon Faras Lahrizi
9 year old Jr. Black Belt 5 time WKC Karate & Kickboxing World Champion with 108 Titles from 2011 till 2014.
Nassim is a competitor of the year 2012 and 2013., award by Action Martial Arts Magazine Hall of Honors.
On any given day you may find nine-year-old Nassim Faras Lahrizi sketching one of his favorite superheroes from his collection of Marvel Comic books or creating a new character to add to his own assortment of drawings. You may even find him running around the neighborhood playing a detective game or tag with the neighborhood kids. However, there is something that sets this pint-sized powerhouse apart from others. Nassim is a Junior Black Belt World Champion that can also be found training at his father's (Grand Master Hamid Lahrizi) Martial Arts Academy
Nassim has broken the world record for being the youngest black belt to compete in the WKC World Championships in Montreal Canada where he won World Champion in Extreme Forms, a Gold medal in Fighting Kickboxing for the 25 kilo and under division, and the opportunity to perform at the night show. Nassim is also a four time Gold Medalist KRANE RATINGS INTERNATIONAL CHAMPION in all 4 Divisions (fighting-extreme forms-traditional forms-weapon forms) State, Regional & National as well as a three times Gold Medalist KRANE TRIPLE CROWN CHAMPION Junior Black Belt.
Nassim continued to do Seminars and demonstrations in Europe and USA from Maine, DC and California leading to the opportunity of being chosen to represent and model for Traditionz Wear by famed Don "The Dragon" Wilson, James Wilson-and Cynthia Rothrock
Nassim recently returned from a two-week seminar tour in Northern Ireland where he demonstrated and taught classes with his father, Master Hamid Lahrizi. He was recently named the Youngest Moroccan Sports Ambassador to the North America and United States by Moroccan World News, Visa Tour who has partnered with Nassim in his effort to start a foundation oversees that would sponsor orphans with leukemia and autism.
Nassim is always aiming for perfection which makes it easy for him to give up some of his playtime for the sports and the art that he loves
AMXMA (All Mixed Extreme Mixed Martial Arts).
-Karate Shotokan
-Gymnaskicks (Tricking).
Hamid's Academy
397-399 Westgate Dr.


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Like most VFW posts, Newton's post, which is celebrating its 85th anniversary on Saturday, is named after a veteran. The post's official name is "Marshal F. Foch Post 1655." So, who is this mysterious namesake?
Marshal F. Foch is better known as Ferdinand Foch, who was a French general in World War I. The Marshal portion of his name is actually from titles bestowed on him, and he was named marshal of France and Poland and appointed as an honorary field marshal in the British Army by King George V in 1919.
Foch was such an effective leader, he was later promoted to commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces in World War I.
An excerpt from "Source Records of the Great War" detail's Foch's appointment to Commander-in-Chief:
"Gen. Foch is charged by the British, French and American governments with the coordination of the action of the Allied Armies on the western front; to this end there is conferred on him all the powers necessary for its effective realization. To the same end, the British, French and American governments confide in Gen. Foch the strategic direction of military operations."
"The Commander-in-Chief of the British, French and American Armies will exercise to the fullest extent the tactical direction of their armies. Each Commander-in-Chief will have the right to appeal to his government, if in his opinion, his Army is placed in danger by the instructions received from Gen. Foch."
Foch's appointment came about during the German Spring Offensive of 1918, in which the Germans attempted to end World War I with a force of more than 500,000 soldiers by attacking the Allies' weak points in France.
A British historical site, historylearningsite.co.uk, broke down the damage the German's attack inflicted on the Allied forces:
"On March 21, 1918, (German General Eric) Ludendorff launched the offensive. In just five hours, the Germans fired one million artillery shells at the British lines held by the Fifth Army — over 3,000 shells fired every minute. The artillery bombardment was followed by an attack by elite storm troopers. These soldiers travelled lightly and were skilled in fast, hard-hitting attacks before moving on to their next target. Unlike soldiers burdened with weight kits and etc., the storm troopers carried little except weaponry (such as flame throwers) that could cause much panic, as proved to be the case in this attack.
"By the end of the first day of the attack, 21,000 British soldiers had been taken prisoner and the Germans had made great advances through the lines of the Fifth Army. Senior British military commanders lost control of the situation. They had spent three years used to static warfare and suddenly they had to cope with a German onslaught. (British senior officer Hubert) Gough ordered the Fifth Army to withdraw. The German attack was the biggest breakthrough in three years of warfare on the Western Front."
Despite the severity of the attack and odds stacked against them, Foch rallied the Allied Forces and in the Second Battle of Marne, under his leadership, the Allies turned the tide of the war. Firstworldwar.com, a site dedicated to all things WWI, broke down this battle:
"With the Germans having ultimately failed in their efforts to break through, Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Supreme Commander, authorized a counter-offensive on July 18, 1918, launching 24 divisions of the French Army alone, in addition to U.S., British and Italian troops and some 350 tanks."
"His aim was to eliminate the large German salient among the French lines. In this, he was entirely successful."
By Aug., 3, 1918, the German forces had lost most of the ground they gained during their Spring Offensive. As a Frenchman, Foch certainly had plenty of motivation to push the Germans farther out of his homeland.
After this staggering blow delivered by the Allied Forces, many German military leaders feared the end was near and their worse fears where confirmed when the Allies launched the Hundred Days Offensive, which began on Aug., 8, 1918 and ended on Nov. 11, 1918 — which is now known as Armistice Day and marks the day Germans asked for a cease-fire to negotiate their surrender.
Historical accounts vary about what happened during the negotiations for surrender, but a large measure of them, said Foch refused to shake hands with any Germans during the process and he only appeared twice during the three days it took to arrange the peace.
His first appearance was to ask the Germans, "what they wanted," when they arrived and the second appearance was to verify they had signed the armistice agreement.
Throughout his career, Foch received numerous awards and titles. He is one of history's most decorated soldiers and his legacy even lives on in Newton thanks to his namesake VFW post.
Newton's Marshal F. Foch VFW Post is planning events all day Saturday to commemorate its 85th anniversary. The VFW is located at 315 First Ave. W.
Senior staff writer Ty Rushing may be contacted at (641) 792-3121, ext. 426, or at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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The Denver Zine Library has grown with the help of a lot of committed volunteers and donors.
Current Denver Zine Librarians
Chris Moody, Dylan Scholinski, Gaia Dinehtah, Hana Zittel, Ian Bawn, Kaitlyn Lafferty, Kelly Shortandqueer, Mark Trujillo, Mel Black, Rachel Livingston, Sara Ramirez, SJ Galiher
Former Zine Librarians
Alejandro Archuleta, Anna Inazu, B, Bessie Vaughan, Brian Hasenstab, Eduardo Gabrieloff, Jamez Terry, K.R. Roberto, Kevin Richards, Kristy Fenton, Laurie Spurling
Founding Volunteers
Dani Drake, Jamez Terry, Jeremiah Teutsch, Kelly Shortandqueer, Molly Zackary
Zine donors of large collections
Dan Buck, Jamez Terry, John Porcellino, Paul Kane/Double Entendre
Continued thanks…
Carolyn Gentile, The 27 Social Centre, The Other Side Arts, Stevyn IronFeather, Robb Roemershauser, zine librarians from other collections