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'Glee': Michael Jackson Tribute Episode Song List
Two of the world's biggest superpowers — Michael Jackson fans and 'Glee' fans — will join forces in an upcoming MJ tribute episode of the hit FOX show.
As if that weren't news enough, rumor has it that the glee clubbers will sing not one, not five, but twelve of the King of Pop's songs to give him an extra special nod, 'Glee' style.
Among the list of songs on the rumored list are Jackson's notable hits like 'The Way You Make Me Feel,' 'Black or White' and 'Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough,' but in true 'Glee' fashion, there are a handful of super awesome mash-ups slated to be performed as well.
The Warblers will return to the small screen with a blended number of 'Beat It / Billy Jean,' and together with the New Directions will perform 'We are the World.' Peace on Earth? We think so! Sebastian and Quinn are also rumored to have a little mic time in the upcoming episode.
We can't confirm or deny which — if any — of the songs listed below will make their debut on the MJ tribue episode, but we're excited nonetheless! Bring on the moonwalking, please.
Rumored 'Glee' Michael Jackson Tribute Episode Song List:
- Blaine, 'Wanna Be Startin' Somethin''
- New Directions & Warblers, 'Bad'
- Finn and Rachel, 'I Just Can't Stop Loving You'
- Santana & Sebastian, 'Smooth Criminal'
- Quinn, 'Never Can Say Goodbye'
- Brittany & Santana, 'In the Closet'
- New Directions & Warblers, 'We Are the World'
- Puck, 'Black or White'
- New Directions, 'Ghost / Monster'
- The Warblers, 'Beat It / Billy Jean'
- Kurt, 'The Way You Make Me Feel'
- Artie, 'Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough'


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
New Alfresco Book from Wrox Press
Leading Open Source Vendor Issues Practical Solutions for Enterprise Content Management
LONDON – April 20, 2010 – Alfresco Software continues to drive the open source enterprise content management (ECM) market with the launch of PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO: Practical Solutions for Enterprise Content Management. Driven by lead author Alfresco Chief Architect David Caruana and published by Wrox Press, PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO is the industry's first in-depth look at practical solutions for how businesses of all sizes can solve critical business issues and reduce costs with Alfresco ECM software.
Tweet This: Wrox launch PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO: Practical Solutions for #ECM - order your copy
PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO is the developers guide to understanding the key benefits companies gain from implementing Alfresco for a range of ECM challenges, including document, image, record, and Web content management. Built using the latest open source infrastructure components, Alfresco delivers a supported system that is significantly faster and more cost-effective than any other ECM system currently on the market. Recently surpassing the two million customer download mark Alfresco has evolved as the content management solution of choice for companies and organizations in all industries, including FedEx, BNP Paribas, Merck, Forbes and Yell.
The book begins with a high-level overview of Alfresco and details on its components, services and security, explaining how they work together. The authors then demonstrate how Alfresco can be implemented in different ways to meet specific business requirements, including integration with Drupal and Joomla.
Readers will learn how to use Alfresco services to create effective and complete content management solutions, including:
- Detailed code examples that demonstrate how to extend Alfresco with Web scripts
- How to integrate Alfresco with Drupal and Joomla portal solutions
- Real-world case examples of increasing levels of sophistication and complexity
- A companion Web site that contains all source code examples in the book
Wrox Press assembled an author team that includes:
- David Caruana – Alfresco Chief Architect and formerly a software designer/architect at Documentum and prior to that, a principal engineer at Oracle® working as an architect on CASE and repository tools.
- John Newton – CTO and Chairman of Alfresco, John has spent the last 25 years building information management software. In 1990, he co-founded Documentum, the enterprise content management company acquired by EMC. John started his career in databases as one of the original engineers at Ingres.
- Mike Farman – Director of Product Management for Alfresco with a long career in content management. He started working at Interleaf, specializing in large-scale publishing and spent over ten years at Documentum as the technical lead on Web Content Management.
- Michael Uzquiano –Director of Web Platform Tools for Alfresco where he leads the development of Alfresco Surf and Web Studio for scriptable Web delivery and visual layout. With over 12 years of experience in the ECM industry, Michael previously pioneered product and service efforts at Trilogy Software, Epicentric, and Vignette.
- Kevin Roast – Alfresco UI Team Technical Lead, a founding developer of the Alfresco platform and principal developer of the Alfresco Surf Web Framework. He has over 10 years of experience in the software industry and was previously a leading developer at Documentum.
"Throughout the past year we have proven continued growth and have established a strong base that has propelled us to lead the open source content services and ECM market," said John Newton, CTO and Co-Founder of Alfresco Software. "PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO is one of a kind and the first in the industry to provide in-depth coverage of the Alfresco architecture and services to meet real business needs."
PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO: Practical Solutions for Enterprise Content Management is published by Wrox Press and will be available May 17, 2010 for $49.00 in paperback. Pre-order your copy at http://www.amazon.com/Professional-Alfresco-David-Caruana/dp/0470571047
A complimentary chapter of PROFESSIONAL ALFRESCO is available
About Wrox Press
Written by actual programmers, Wrox books offer the benefits of real-world experience and road-tested examples that really work. "Beginning" books provide a complete working knowledge of the subject, using hands-on lessons and proven training techniques. "Professional" and "Expert One-On-One" books are loaded with practical, focused information from leading technology experts. "Programmer's Reference" books are invaluable for their detailed, on-the-job reference support. "Problem-Design-Solution" books analyze development problems programmers encounter and supply solutions that work. Wrox books help programmers get the job-then do the job better. For more information, visit wrox.com. Wrox is an imprint of Wiley.


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The Right to Bear Arms: Gunship Kits for America's C-130s
December 17/18: Operation Support The US Air Force is extending a support contract with Boeing. The company is being awarded with a cost-plus-fixed-fee modification that exercises a third option-year for AC-130U operations support. Efforts covered under this contract include continued development, modification, sustainment, and maintenance of the 'Spooky' gunships. The AC-130U is a highly modified C-130, its primary missions are close air support, air interdiction and armed reconnaissance. Work will be performed at Boeing's factory in Fort Walton Beach, Florida and US military bases in Afghanistan and Kuwait. This option year end on December 31, 2019.
Special Operations Command's AC-130H/U gunships can lay down withering hails of accurate fire, up to and including 105mm howitzer shells, in order to support ground troops.
The Marines also wanted heavy aircraft that could support their Leathernecks on the ground. The bad news was that the Corps could field about 45 KC-130J aerial tankers for the price of a 12-plane AC-130J squadron. Lighter options like the AC-27J "Stinger II" would probably tally similar costs, once R&D dollars were distributed among such a small fleet. Could the Marines change tack, and offer a modular weapon package that would let them arm their existing tankers as needed? Could armed KC-130Js offer limited fire support, while loitering over the battlefield and using their unique speed envelope to refuel helicopters and fast jets alike? The Harvest Hercules Airborne Weapons Kit (HAWK) program aims to do just that. It gives the USMC a far less capable convertible gunship option in Afghanistan, but the cost is about 2 orders of magnitude below a dedicated gunship fleet. Unsurprisingly, the next service to show interest in this concept was SOCOM itself.
Gunships R Us: Equipping The Hercs
The US Marines: KC-130J Harvest HAWK
The Marines' initial Harvest HAWK plan is to field 3 kits, but the eventual plan is to have 3 roll-on/ roll-off kits per squadron. That would mean about 9 kits by 2011, and 12 kits when the last KC-130T aerial refueling squadron converts to KC-130Js after 2012. All USMC KC-130Js are expected to receive the wiring needed to carry the kits, which will be improved and refined over time.
Harvest HAWK Capability I involves a roll-on/roll-off set of surveillance displays and fire control electronics, plus "Blue Force Tracker" to keep tabs on friendly troops, and ROVER to communicate with them. Outside the cabin, a modular surveillance and targeting unit takes up the rear portion of the inboard left external fuel tank, or may simply be mounted below that tank as a surveillance turret. The sensor choice was said to involve 2 candidates. Lockheed Martin's AN/AAQ-30 TSS, which is also used in the Marines' AH-1Z attack helicopter and has been installed in some SOCOM AC-130s, won. L-3 Wescam's popular MX-15 surveillance and targeting turret was the competitor, but competing against the Harvest Hawk's integrator is not a promising position.
Harvest HAWK Capability II involves mounting an M299 missile rack for 4 AGM-114P Hellfires and/or up to 16 DAGR laser-guided 70mm rockets to the left wing, in place of the left-hand outboard aerial refueling pod. This leaves the left wing carrying the weapons and some fuel, while the right wing retains full aerial refueling capabilities. Capability IV (see below) was also moved up, and the 10-tube rear ramp "Gunslinger" system and precision weapons were effectively added to this increment.
After early testing for Capabilities I & II took place, initial orders and testing followed. Deployment to Afghanistan started in summer 2010.
Harvest HAWK Capability III involves a modular 30mm cannon linked to the fire control, which is expected to be rolled in and mounted in the troop door. Daniel Watters of The Gun Zone writes to say that the Marines' choice of 30mm gun is interesting, and explains the tradeoffs:
"While the Mk 44 Bushmaster II [30x173mm] and M230 Chain Gun [30x113mm] are both nominally 30mm, their cartridges are very different…There is a major difference in size, power, and range. The Mk 44 Bushmaster II has already been adopted by the US Navy and USMC for other applications… The 30x173mm uses a heavier projectile with a larger explosive filling, and is fired at a higher velocity [which] should have a noticeable maximum range advantage. Perhaps it would be easier to fabricate a stable mount for the less powerful M230 than the Mk 44… M230 and its ammunition are also lighter and more compact."
US Special Forces tried fitting 30mm cannon to their AC-130U "Spooky" gunships, but found that the gun's accuracy level wasn't suited to their missions. In response, they implemented a "retrograde" to their earlier 25mm and 40mm weapons. The Marines say that the 30mm cannon will suit their objectives. Time will tell, but either way, the lack of pinpoint-accurate, extreme-volume gunfire will be one of the principal differences between SOCOM's AC-130s, and kit gunships like the KC-130Js or MC-130Ws.
Capability III has yet to even select a gun at this point, much less test and integrate one. According to US Navy NAVAIR: "…capability III [will begin] when funding becomes available." ATK finalized a roll-on/off palletized kit for the GAU-23 cannon in mid-2012, which may help funding become available.
Capability IV originally involved adding additional Standoff Precision Guided Munitions (SOPGMs) to the Harvest HAWK, but that got moved ahead to Capability II. They're dropped out of a 10-tube "Gunslinger" launcher that fits on the rear ramp, but their future involves a new pressurized "Derringer Door". That 10-tube launcher switches in for the regular paratroop door, allowing Harvest HAWK planes to drop weapons without depressurizing the cabin, and/or asking those inside to don oxygen masks.
Efforts were already underway to incorporate and test Northrop Grumman's (now MBDA's) GBU-44 Viper Strike laser/GPS-guided weapons on the KC-130Js, and they were under consideration by SOCOM for its AC-130s. Raytheon's small "Griffin" missiles were also added. The rocket-powered Griffin B can replace Hellfires on an M299 launcher, on 3 for 1 basis. For the C-130 fleet, however, the unpowered, gravity-dropped Griffin A seems to be the mainstay. Other weapons are likely, especially from US SOCOM. One weapon they have confirmed funding for is Textron's cylindrical 64-pound C-LAW, whose airburst devastates soft ground targets over an area the size of a football field.
Specifics regarding additional weapon plans are thin at the moment, but other options could conceivably include 81mm or larger mortars, using General Dynamics' RCFC GPS guidance kits; tiny missiles like the NAVAIR/DRS Spike; and spinoffs from the explosion of small precision-guided bombs entering the market: Lockheed Martin's Scorpion, MBDA's Saber, etc. Later Harvest HAWK phases will reportedly add stations for Hellfire laser-guided missiles on both wings, instead of just the port wing. The M299 launchers would be mounted on the outside of the plane's outboard aerial refueling pods.
US AFSOC: MC-130W Combat Spear/ Stinger II
A similar effort is emerging from US Special Operations Command.
US Navy NAVAIR PMA-207 has been working with US Special Operations Command (SOCOM) to share information on Harvest Hawk, and a US SOCOM program is now converting its MC-130W Combat Spear aircraft along Harvest Hawk lines. Similar kits could also be fielded for SOCOM's forthcoming HC-130J Combat King II and MC-130J Combat Shadow IIs, and they may even spread beyond that.
MC-130W. In the near term, their MC-130Ws are newly-converted C-130H aircraft, with 12 delivered as combat replacements from 2006-2011. MC-130W base roles include infiltration/ exfiltration of special operations teams, aerial refueling including combat search-and-rescue support, and psychological operations. Key additions above the based C-130H include a strengthened tail to cope with low-level drops; improved avionics and navigation that integrates GPS, AN/APN-241 radar, and AN/AAQ-38 Infrared systems; a full suite of top-of-the-line threat detection and countermeasures gear; and a communication suite that includes satellite communications with data burst, making it hard for enemies to locate the plane by tracking its transmissions. A UARRSI dorsal receptacle lets any boom-equipped aerial tanker refuel it in the air, while the MC-130W can itself act as a refueler for hose-and-drogue equipped aircraft or helicopters, using its Mk 32B-902E refueling pods.
The other difference from previous AFSOC gunships involved precision ranged weapons. MC-130Ws will have a 4-rail wing-mount for laser-guided AGM-114P Hellfire missiles or 70mm laser-guided DAGR rockets, and a 10-tube "Gunslinger" system that can launch small precision-guided weapons.
All 12 MC-130Ws will soon be converting to "Project Dragon Spear" aircraft, which add roll-on, roll-off kits featuring added sensors, communications systems, the Adaptive Carriage Environment (ACE), and weapons. Some sources refer to those as "AC-130W," but the official USAF designation remains MC-130W.
Dragon Spear weapons will include a GAU-23 dual-feed 30mm gun with about 500 rounds, with the assembly bolted to the floor of the plane. It fires single shots or short bursts, instead of the "wall of lead" that's associated with an AC-130H/U gunship, or the Vietnam-era C-47 "Puff the Magic Dragon" whose upgraded descendants still serve in Colombia and Indonesia.
The MC-130W represents an acquisition departure for SOCOM, who stood up its 1st Joint Acquisition Task Force in June 2009 to handle the initial MC-130W conversion and buy. The project had a minimum capability model in less than 90 days, and deployed a working aircraft within 18 months. The experience has gone well enough that SOCOM is reportedly considering using JATFs on other projects.
It has also led to a shift in mindset, wherein a government-owned "Precision Strike Package" will sit at the core of SOCOM's new gunships.
AC-130J. Up to 32 new AC-130Js are now expected to serve alongside the 12 new AC-130W Dragon Spears, replacing existing AC-130H/Us. Initially, the AC-130Js will use roll on/off kits from the Dragon Spear project in an HC-130J airframe. Eventually, they'll install their own "Precision Strike Package" that includes a side-firing 30mm GAU-23A chain gun, wing-mounted GBU-39 GPS-guided SDB-I bombs, and laser-guided AGM-176 Griffin missiles launched from a "Gunslinger" attachment on the read cargo door. It may eventually add a side-firing 105mm howitzer like existing AC-130H/Us, and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles like the Marines' KC-130J Harvest Hawks, but those aren't currently funded. These weapons will be controlled from a dual-console Mission Operator Pallet in the cargo bay, which will include multiple video, data, and communication links.
Contracts & Key Events
Unless otherwise indicated, these contracts are managed by US Naval Air Systems Command in Patuxent River, MD.
KC-130J Harvest Hawk upgrade plans.
December 17/18: Operation Support The US Air Force is extending a support contract with Boeing. The company is being awarded with a cost-plus-fixed-fee modification that exercises a third option-year for AC-130U operations support. Efforts covered under this contract include continued development, modification, sustainment, and maintenance of the 'Spooky' gunships. The AC-130U is a highly modified C-130, its primary missions are close air support, air interdiction and armed reconnaissance. Work will be performed at Boeing's factory in Fort Walton Beach, Florida and US military bases in Afghanistan and Kuwait. This option year end on December 31, 2019.
December 3/18: Stand-Off Precision Guided Munition Sierra Nevada Corp is receiving a firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract to support US SOCOM's fleet of heavy gunships. Awarded by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, the contract provides for the procurement of standoff precision guided munitions modified cargo doors and sensor conversion units at a cost of $30.8 million. This contract supports the service's fleet of AC-130 aircraft that will soon be equipped with Dynetics' GBU-69/B Small Glide Munitions (SGMs) Stand-Off Precision Guided Munition (SOPGM). The AC-130U Spooky is a highly modified C-130, its primary missions are close air support, air interdiction and armed reconnaissance. Work will be performed in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and is expected to be completed by December 2024.
April 16/18: More money needed for lasers Speaking at a hearing of the US Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Emerging threats, Air Force Lt. Gen. Marshall Webb told lawmakers that the service still lacks adequate funds for a program to add a laser to the AC-130J gunship. The Head of Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), Webb was answering a question from Sen. Martin Heinrich on why the service is moving slowly from testing a four-kilowatt laser to a 30-kilowatt version and now directly to a 60-kilowatt laser. "We're $58 million short of having a full program that would get us a 60-kilowatt laser flying on an AC-130 by 2022," Webb stated. In February, Webb told a roundtable discussion with reporters at the Air Force Association's Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Florida, that the "challenge on having the laser is funding."
March 23/18: Logistics support Sierra Nevada has been contracted by the US Air Force to provide logistics support for two USAF aircraft precision strike packages of weapons and sensors. Nearing a value just shy of $20 million, the order exercises options on a previous contract to provide additional services to AC-130J and AC-130W aircraft, bringing the total value of the contract to $72.3 million. Work will be carried out at Canon Air Force Base, in Curry County, New Mexico, and Hurlburt Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida. Work is expected to wrap up by March 31, 2019. The AC-130J Ghostrider is a gunship that gained its initial operational capability (IOC) in September 2017 and will replace the AC-130H once enough crews are trained to operate them, while the AC-130W, AKA the Stinger II, has been flying since 2010 and is a highly modified C-130H.
July 4/17: Dynetics has been contracted by the USAF to deliver 70 GBU-69/B Small Glide Munitions (SGMs), with options to buy 30 more. With a value of $10.9 million, the missiles are reportedly scheduled to be installed on AC-130 aircraft operated by the service. Dynetics' Stand-Off Precision Guided Munition (SOPGM) beat out competition from Textron's G-CLAW, Raytheon's Griffin and Northrop Grumman's Viper Strike munition, as is was the only one of the competitors to satisfy the competition's full requirements.
December 7/15: The US Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) and US Navy are to collaborate on the development of a laser mounted weapon for the AC-130 aircraft. The move comes as the Navy has been developing and researching energy directed weapons with their Laser Weapon System, which saw deployment aboard the Afloat Forward Staging Base USS Ponce last year. The lasers success will be the basis for a cooperation between the two branches, and how this can aid the development of a similar system for aircraft. The AC-130 will conceivably see a miniaturized version of the one used on the USS Ponce, and possess both offensive and defensive capabilities. It is hoped the lasers will help gunships disable enemy systems and improve identification of targets on the ground. This would avoid incidents such as the bombing of the Doctors Without Borders hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan in October.
Nov 3/14: KC-130J USMC Plan. The USMC's Aviation Plan to 2030 [PDF] has its own entry for the KC-130J Harvest Hawk, which currently uses AGM-114P2A Hellfire, AGM-176B Griffin, and GBU-44 Viper Strike precision weapons:
"MROC Decision 19-2012 reduced the total kit inventory objective from 9 kits to 6 kits with 3 kits each going to 2d MAW and 3d MAW. A total of 10 aircraft are modified to employ the Harvest Hawk kits with 5 modified aircraft in 2d MAW and 5 modified aircraft in 3d MAW. Beginning in 2015, the mission kit will receive sensor and fire control system upgrades to address system obsolescence and eliminate deficiencies, while sustaining relevancy through transition from P2A hellfire to the P4 Hellfire."
2017 will kick off a slew of improvements, from the Software Reprogrammable Payload (SRP) radio replacement; to Hellfire missile upgrades as noted above; to a switch from the AAQ-30 TSS surveillance and targeting turret used on USMC AH-1Zs, to the MX-20 used on Navy P-8A sea control aircraft. It will also begin to replace the Fire Control Station with a Mission Operator Pallet like the AC-130J's. Blue Force Tracker battlefield management is already on board the Harvest Hawks, and its Link-16 aerial counterpart will begin retrofits in FY 2018, along with other fleet-wide C-130J Block 7.0/8.1 upgrades like Mode 5 IFF, GPS approach capability, ADS-B (out), RNP/RNAV, and a new flight management system. FY 2019 will see the beginning of JAGM missile integration, offering a dual-mode radar/laser-guided option beside the laser-only AGM-114P4 Hellfire.
AC-130J flies; AC-130J details; Hellfires for AC-130W; DOT&E report re: SOCOM's fleet highlights an armoring problem.
May 22/14: AC-130 Upgrades. At the annual SOFIC conference, SOCOM's systems acquisition manager for standoff precision-guided munitions, Erich Borgstede, says that they are just beginning to fit AGM-114 Hellfire missiles on the AC-130W/Js. They've also developed a laser-guided small diameter bomb [SDB-I is a 250 pound GPS-only weapon] that will be fielded this summer.
"According to slides presented at the briefing, SOCOM is also looking at the potential of using helmet mounted displays, digital map upgrades, and using mobile devices to help do mission planning in the near future."
Those changes would also apply to their HC/MC-130 fleet. Sources: Defense News, "SOCOM soon getting more capable, deadlier Ospreys and C-130s".
March 28/14: AC-130W support. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a sole-source $14 million firm-fixed-price, cost-plus-fixed-fee contract for contractor logistics support of the AC-130W's precision strike package. Contractor logistics support employees also deploy with aircraft in support of special operations Missions.
$10.9 million is committed immediately, using FY 2014 O&M funds. Work will be performed at Cannon Air Force Base, NM, and is expected to be complete March 31/15. The USAF Life Cycle Management Center's Special Operation Forces Contracting Division, at Robins AFB, GA manages the contract (FA8509-14-C-0001).
Jan 31/14: AC-130J. The USAF flies a fully-converted AC-130J gunship for the 1st time, at Eglin AFB, FL. They also appear to have scaled the program back a bit:
"A total of 32 MC-130J aircraft will be modified for AFSOC as part of a $2.4 billion AC-130J program to grow the future fleet, according to Capt. Greg Sullivan, the USSOCOM AC-130J on-site program manager at Det. 1."
The Pentagon's recently-released DOT&E report for FY 2013 had placed the AC-130J program at 37 aircraft. Sources: USAF, "New AC-130J completes first test flight".
AC-130J flies
Jan 28/14: DOT&E Testing Report. The Pentagon releases the FY 2013 Annual Report from its Office of the Director, Operational Test & Evaluation (DOT&E). Their focus is on US SOCOM's variants: HC-130J/MC-130J Combat King II CSAR/ Commando II transports, and AC-130J "Ghostrider" gunships. The USAF intends to field 37 HC-130J Combat King IIs developed to Increment 2 capability, 57 MC-130J Commando IIs developed to Increment 3 capability, and 37 AC-130J Ghostrider gunships that will be converted from MC-103Js (TL: 94 MC-130Js produced).
The AC-130J program conducted a Preliminary Design Review in March 2013 and a Critical Design Review in August 2013, and 1st flight was expected in January 2014. The PSP weapon set is planned in 3 increments, and both development and the Live Fire Alternative Test Plan (ATP) will leverage some data from the C-130H-based AC-130W. The core problem across this fleet involves the enhanced electrical system and in 400 Amp power supply, which is required for Increment 3 upgrades and AC-130J gunship conversions. At present, the fleet is limited to a 200 Amp system. This was also concerning:
"Armor requirements and the amount of armor differ significantly between the AC-130U and AC-130J aircraft. The AC-130U armor was designed to provide protection to the aircrew stations, personnel, ammunition, and critical systems against a single 37 mm high-explosive incendiary round at a range of 10,000 feet, while the AC-130J's primary crewmember positions and oxygen supplies should be protected against single 7.62 mm ball projectile at 100 meters [DID: just 330 feet, where bullet velocity is higher] …. The planned armor layout on the AC-130J does not include the Mission Operator Pallet, which should be considered a "primary crewmember" position and protected in accordance with the associated Force Protection Key Performance Parameter (KPP)."
The 37mm criterion isn't random: most AC-130 kills over Vietnam involved 37mm guns. It isn't rare for gunships to face enemies that can deploy 14.5mm – 23mm guns, to say nothing of the common .50 cal/ 12.7mm caliber. Even an unarmored C-130J would be a difficult kill for a 12.7mm machine gun. With that said, it sounds like they've left the crew nearly unprotected, in an aircraft that's designed to go where the enemy is shooting. That does require an explanation.
June 4/13: AC-130J Sub-contractors. The AC-130J Ghostrider will be equipped with a configuration of QinetiQ's enhanced LAST lightweight composite armor. Protection will depend on how much they use, and LAST's aerial density is 37 kg/m2. Protection up to 7.62mm armor piercing is the minimum useful level, and seems to be the AC-130J's standard. SOCOM could certainly justify higher levels, especially in critical areas, but they'd rather make the weight tradeoffs in an airplane that's already packed with heavy gear. Jane's adds that:
"A total of 37 AC-130J aircraft will replace AFSOC's eight ageing AC-130H platforms, a significant increase from the 16 originally planned. It is understood that the procurement of the additional platforms will allow the 12 AC-130W Dragon Spear/Stinger II platforms currently performing gunship duties to revert back to their baseline MC-130W Combat Spear [multi-role] configuration."
Sources: QinetiQ NA, "QinetiQ North America's LAST Armor to Protect C-130 Aircraft" | IHS Jane's, "New armour for AC-130J gunships".
March 20/13: Hellfire? US SOCOM fixed-wing PEO Col. Michael Schmidt (USAF) confirms that they're looking to add AGM-114 Hellfire II missiles to the AC-130W's "Precision Strike Package," using F-15 racks mounted on the AC-130W's hard points. Money has to be found in the budget, but he's confident that it will happen at some point.
Since the AC-130J Ghostrider will initially be fielded with the same Precision Strike Package, AC-130W integration could end up extending to the new fleet. Sources: Defense Tech, "Air Force set to arm AC-130W with Hellfire missiles".
Dec 20/12: AC-130W Support. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a $7.9 million contract modification for "logistics support of the Precision Strike Package on the AC-130W aircraft, Stinger II Program."
The location of the performance is Cannon Air Force Base, NM. Work is expected to be completed by Dec 31/13. The AFLCMC/WIKAA at Robins AFB, GA manages the contract (FA8509-12-C-0001, PO 0006).
AC-130J production begins; Griffin, G-CLAW, and GAU-23 weapons; Derringer Door introduced; MC-130W to become Dragon Spear.
Aug 27/12: G-CLAW. Textron Defense Systems announces a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) with U.S. Special Operations Command's Program Executive Office – Fixed Wing, focused on Textron Defense Systems' Guided Clean Area Weapon (G-CLAW). The GPS-guided cylinder will be integrated into SOPGM launch tube dispensers, and receive flight and weapon safety certifications. From there, Textron Defense Systems and USSOCOM will conduct inert and live-fire demonstrations from a tactical carrier aircraft such as the MC-130W Dragon Spear. Integration activities will culminate in an end-to-end, live-fire demonstration.
The 64-pound CLAW was actually designed as a safe sub-munition for cluster bombs, like the GPS-guided CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapon. Instead of releasing hockey-puck shaped guided explosives to take out tanks, the entire tube is a weapon, whose air-burst is lethal to troops and unarmored vehicles over an area the size of a football field. A number of safety features ensure that it never becomes an unexploded ordnance hazard.
July 23/12: AC-130J. Production begins in Marietta, GA, but the gunship is actually built as an MC-130J Commando II. It will become an "AC-130J" (vid. Feb 19/12 contract) when it's equipped with a "Precision Strike Package." When queried, Lockheed Martin representatives said that:
"The initial contract is to cross-deck the current MC-130W equipment to the new AC-130Js. The PSP referenced here is a new package."
AC-130J Initial Operating Capability is scheduled for 2015, and AFSOC expects to order 16. Lockheed Martin.
July 9/12: MC-130W. ATK announces that a rapid prototyping effort has created a modified variant of their Mk44 Bushmaster Automatic Cannon for MC-130W Combat Spear aircraft. The 30mm gun is now officially known as the GAU-23, and uses ATK's PGU-46/B High Explosive Incendiary (HEI) ammunition for its missions.
ATK adds that in June 2011, the U.S. Air Force announced the conversion of 12 of its MC-130W Combat Spear aircraft to the Dragon Spear configuration.
The US Marines may also be interested, now that the technology is mature (vid. Aug 17/11). The MC-130W Dragon Spear will bolt the GAU-23 in, but ATK has developed a Roll-On/Roll-Off (RO/RO) pallet and weapons mount for use on other aircraft, like the USMC's KC-130Js.
May 2012: Naming. The MC-130W Dragon Spear is renamed the AC-130W Stinger II, while the AC-130J picks up the designation "Ghostrider". Sources: USAF Fact Sheets.
May 14/12: Lockheed Martin in Marietta, GA receives an $18.4 million firm-fixed-price contract that buys 3 Harvest HAWK sets, and pays to modify 7 KC-130Js with Harvest HAWK installations.
Work will be performed in Palmdale, CA (90%), and Marietta, GA (10%), and is expected to be complete in June 2014. All contract funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year, on Sept 30/12. This contract was not competitively procured, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 2304c1. US Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity (N00019-12-C-0094).
April 16/12: Viper Strike. MBDA announces that its GBU-44/E Viper Strike scored "multiple direct hits", after being launched from the KC-130J's new "Derringer Door" during developmental testing at China Lake, CA. Viper Strike also proved out its new fast attack software load, designed to improve performance against time sensitive targets.
Feb 23/12: Derringer Door. US NAVAIR announces successful testing and fielding of a Harvest HAWK "Derringer Door" pressurized launcher, which will be used instead of the "Gunslinger" system on future aircraft. The 10-round set replaces the plane's paratrooper door, and lets the plane launch small precision-guided munitions like Griffin, without depressurizing the cabin and forcing the crew to use oxygen gear. By freeing up the cargo ramp, it also lets KC-130J Harvest HAWKs continue to perform cargo missions, while keeping the weapon launcher on board.
Like the rest of the Harvest HAWK kit, the Derringer Door system is removable.
Nov 7/11: KC-130J-HH stats. Inside the Navy reports [subscription] on Griffin usage in Afghanistan:
"Less than a year after first introducing it to the fleet, the Marine Corps has already used the Harvest Hawk… to fire 74 Hellfire and 13 Griffin missiles… while also providing intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, a Marine aviation official said here recently."
KC-130J Harvest Hawk deployment & reports; Scorpion tested; Viper Strike precision munitions bought.
Aug 22/11: Viper Strike. Northrop Grumman announces an unspecified additional contract to deliver "multiple" GBU-44 Viper Strike GPS/laser guided mini glide bombs to the Joint Attack Munition Systems (JAMS) Project Office at Redstone Arsenal, AL. Deliveries will begin in 2011, for eventual integration onto the KC-130J Harvest Hawk. See also June 2/10 entry.
All the Viper Strike munitions on Harvest Hawk will now carry the latest software load, which greatly enhances the weapon's effectiveness against moving targets. In recent testing at China Lake, CA, Viper Strike scored multiple hits against moving vehicles in various scenarios.
Aug 17/11: KC-130J-HH. The USMC is looking at upgrading its KC-130Js for better close-air support to address known limitations (vid. July 28/11 entry). Maj. Richard Roberts told National Defense magazine the addition of a 30mm GAU-23 cannon to Harvest Hawk is again under consideration, which if confirmed would let the program meet its Capability III milestone. The possibility of this graft was reviewed back in 2009, but the integration tech was deemed too immature back then.
According to National Defense, as of last month the 1 Harvest Hawk deployed in Afghanistan had fired 42 Hellfire and 11 Griffin missiles and identified 8 IEDs. A 2nd unit will soon be rotated in so that the 1st one can be used for training purposes.
July 28/11: KC-130J-HH. The USMC discusses Harvest Hawk operations, noting that the Harvest Hawk contingents don't yet have close-air support experience, so the Marines are drawing fire-control officers from its F/A-18 Hornet fighter, AV-8B Harrier II fighter, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter units. With respect to the aircraft's usage:
"One Harvest HAWK flew for about 10 hours and fired its entire compliment of Hellfire missiles during combat operations in Afghanistan, March 14. An F/A-18 Hornet can only fly for an hour and thirty minutes without tanker support, according to [VMGR-252 fire control officer Capt. Thane A.] Norman. "Currently, we have a Harvest HAWK temporarily assigned to our detachment with 2nd MAW (Fwd.)," said [VMGR-252 commander Lt. Col. Charles J.] Moses. "It provides coverage for eight to 10 percent of joint tactical air requests in their area of operations, which is a significant number considering it's only a single aircraft."
Feb 25/11: MC-130W. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a $22.3 million contract modification for interim contract support under the Dragon Spear program, to help provide and install precision strike packages in 12 MC-130W Combat Spear aircraft. At this time, $10.4 million has been committed by the WRALC/GRUKA at Robins AFB, GA (FA8509-10-C-0013; PO0003).
Feb 8/11: MC-130W & lasers. Defense News quotes SOCOM chief Adm. Eric Olson, who says the MC-130W Dragon Spear went from concept to flying with a minimum capability in less than 90 days, and deployed in 18 months. It has already deployed to Iraq, and is now flying in Afghanistan. Defense News adds that:
"The four-star admiral also touted a system used in Afghanistan that involves an "airborne-mounted overt laser that projects a beam that illuminates a spot on the ground." Commanders "are finding more and more uses for an illuminated spot on the ground," he said. "It can prevent fratricide, it can cause people to muster against a target, it can have a powerful psychological effect if you are standing in the beam." SOCOM officials are currently building tactics, techniques and procedures for the system."
While Adm. Olson was not specific, C-130s are certainly natural platforms for that kind of system.
Feb 4/11: KC-130J-HH stats. Marines of Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352, Detachment A, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (Forward), are preparing to return from a 6-month deployment at Camp Leatherneck, Afghanistan to their home at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, CA. VMGR-352's KC-130J Super Hercules aircraft performed a number of transport and aerial refueling missions, while pioneering the "Harvest HAWK" kit's use on the front lines.
Overall VMGR-352 crews completed 7,852 sorties and reached 7,897 flight hours. They also tracked 25,190 assault support requests, 65,815 additional passengers and 23,629,371 pounds of cargo. The Harvest Hawk completed 93 sorties, flew more than 565 hours and completed 191 joint tactical airstrike requests. USMC.
Nov 23/10: KC-130J-HH Action Report. Official report of a USMC KC-130J Harvest HAWK supporting 2 squads of Marines with India Company, 3rd Bn., 5th Marines. The squads ran into an attempted ambush, and the USMC explains what happened after that:
"The Marines immediately began firing at the enemy and gained superior firepower. The fight intensified as Marines were under fire from medium-machine-gun and small-arms fire. The Marines then played their trump card, calling in 60 mm and 120 mm mortars and close air support. An UH-1 Huey and an AH-1W Super Cobra fired hundreds of rounds, and a KC-130J 'Harvest Hawk' fired a Hell-Fire Missile. Artillery Marines played their part as well, firing multiple GPS-guided shells. The firefight lasted about two hours and killed an estimated 8-10 enemy fighters, said 1st Lt. Stephen Cooney, the executive officer with India Company, 3rd Bn., 5th Marines."
October 2010: KC-130J-HH deploys. The lone production KC-130J Harvest Hawk deploys to Afghanistan, with the USMC's VMGR-352.
Harvest Hawk deploys
MC-130W operational; Contracts from SOCOM and USMC.
Sept 24/10: MC-130W. L-3 Communications TCS, Inc. in Warner Robins, GA receives a $29.4 million contract which would modify up to 4 MC-130Ws to install a precision strike package. At this time, no funds have been committed by the WR-ALC/GRUKA at Robins Air Force Base, GA (FA8509-20-C-0027).
Sept 21/10: MC-130W. L-3 Communications TCS, Inc. in Warner Robins, GA adds $15.8 million to a previous contract to install the Precision Strike package in 8 MC-130Ws. That's on top of $45.2 million that had been committed before, raising the contract to $61 million. The WR-ALC/GRUKA at Robins Air Force Base, GA manages this contract (FA8509-09-C-0037; Action Under PZ0001).
Sept 14/10: MC-130W. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a $12.5 million contract which will provide consoles for integration onto MC-130W aircraft. At this time, all funds have been committed by the ASC/WISS at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (FA8629-09-C-2445).
June 17/10: Scorpion drop. One of Lockheed Martin's Scorpion precision glide-bombs is successfully flight tested in a 5,000 foot drop from a C-130. The small glide bomb uses a combination of GPS/INS and semi-active laser (SAL) guidance to hit a target 1.65 miles away, at Yuma Proving Ground, AZ. These Scorpion weapons have already been used in combat by CIA drones, but the C-130 test is new.
Scorpion was developed under the Small Smart Weapon program, which began in 2006. It's just 21.5″ long and 4.5″ wide, with a range of up to 10 miles if it can glide from altitude. The system is modular, and the front guidance section will be switchable between a human-directed laser seeker, self-guiding imaging infrared (IIR) matched to pre-programmed target sets, or semi-autonomous millimeter wave radar. The warhead section is also a module, with multiple options. Overall weight is under 35 pounds. The weapon is carried by fitting up to 3 Scorpions on a conventional Hellfire rail, or up to 2 in a tube launcher. Lockheed Martin release | Scorpion product page | CBS News | Tactical Life | Washington Post | Comparison with Hellfire II.
June 3/10: MC-130W. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a $20.9 million contract to provide interim contractor support of MC-130W modifications to install "a precision strike package" in support of US SOCOM's "Project Dragon Spear." At this time, $10 million has been committed by the 580th ACSG/GFKAA at Robins Air Force Base, GA (FA8509-10-C-0013).
June 2/10: Viper Strike. Northrop Grumman announces a contract to deliver 65 SOPGM/ GBU-44 Viper Strike munitions to the Joint Attack Munition Systems (JAMS) Project Office, within the Program Executive Office Missiles and Space at Redstone Arsenal, AL. The Viper Strikes will be delivered in 2010, for integration onto the KC-130J Harvest Hawk.
April 10/10: KC-130J-HH Phase 1 Done. Harvest Hawk completes Phase 1 testing at Pax River, MD, and leaves for required maintenance and continued testing at NAVAIR's China Lake, CA range. The Patuxent River, MD Test Team included personnel from Air Test and Evaluation Squadrons VX-20 and VX-23, Operational Test Squadron 1 VX-1, Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352 (VMGR-352), Lockheed Martin, the Joint Attack Munitions Systems (JAMS) project office, NAVAIR's AIR 4.6 Human Systems department, and NAVAIR's AIR-5.1 Integrated Systems Evaluation, Experimentation, and Test (ISEET) department.
NAVAIR says that it is working a complimentary effort to test and deploy the Standoff Precision Guided Munition (SOPGM, aka. "Viper Strike") as a stand alone capability for Harvest HAWK, and that the first aircraft is scheduled to deploy by summer 2010 equipped with the AN/AAQ-30 TSS, AGM-114 Hellfire II missiles, and SOPGM. The 30 mm cannon, which will be mounted in the left side troop door, has been deferred to a later block upgrade. NAVAIR release.
End Harvest Hawk Phase 1
March 25/10: SOCOM Plans. Aviation Week DTI reports that U.S. Special Operations Command will base its future AC-130J gunship on the government-owned "Precision Strike Package" design used in the MC-130W. The February 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review will replace 8 AC-130H Spectre gunships with 8 new "AC?130Js," based on the C-130J, instead of the earlier model C-130H that forms the core of the MC-130W. Another 8 AC-130Js will be added on top, giving SOCOM 17 AC-130U Spookys, 12 MC-130W Combat/Dragon Spears, and 16 AC-130Js.
SOCOM officials also hope that a modular design will let them easily add new capabilities to the fleet in future, creating what US SOCOM Deputy Acquisition Director James Geurts describes as "a family of precision strike capabilities that we can port onto different [Special Operations Forces] platforms." The difference between SOCOM's approach and the USMC's Harvest Hawk will involve a greater emphasis on precision strike, instead of suppression.
Specific AC-130J requirements are still in flux, but FY 2011's budget asks for $9.9 million in initial funding. The first serious funding is reportedly slated for FY 2012.
March 17/10: KC-130J-HH. A Harvest HAWK equipped KC-130J from USMC VMGR-352 squadron "The Raiders" arrives at NAVAIR's Patuxent River, MD facilities from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, CA for testing. Source.
Jan 29/10: MC-130W. Sierra Nevada Corp. in Sparks, NV receives a $32.7 million contract to provide consoles for integration onto the MC-130W "Combat Spear" aircraft. At this time, the entire amount has been committed by the 667th AESS/SYKA at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH (FA8629-09-C-2445).
Jan 13/10: MC-130W. The 27th Special Operations Wing deploys 2 MC-130W Combat Spear aircraft from the 73rd Special Operations Squadron in support of humanitarian operations in Haiti. The deployment is a reminder that these multi-role aircraft can be deployed in unarmed roles, with or without their advanced sensors and weapons.
The release does not mention specifics, but advanced thermal sensors can be used for tasks like to seeing heat sources in disaster situations, as well as pinpointing armed enemies on a battlefield. Canon AFB release | Canon AFB picture | Clovis News Journal
MC-130W deployed
Nov 17/09: MC-130W Gun. ATK announces a $20 million contract to:
"…provide 30mm PGU-46/B High Explosive Incendiary (HEI) ammunition for the ATK-produced Mk44 30mm cannon on the multi-role, MC-130W Combat Spear gunship, which will support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command (SOCOM) Contracting Office at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio awarded the contract."
It would seem that AFSOCOM has made its 30mm gun choice. ATK will produce the ammunition at the company's facilities in Radford, VA and Rocket Center, WVA. Deliveries will be complete in December 2010.
Concept definitions; Initial contracts; Testing begins.
Sept 30/09: KC-130J-HH. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. in Marietta, GA receives a $21.3 million modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (N00019-09-C-0053) for 2 Harvest HAWK capability I and II kits for the Marine Corps KC-130J aircraft. Work will be performed in Palmdale, CA, and is expected to be complete in December 2010. All contract funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year, which is technically this very day.
Aug 29/09: KC-130J-HH. Harvest HAWK testing begins, to verify that changes to the KC-130J's flight characteristics are either entirely absent, or known and compensated.
The retrofitted KC-130J used an AN/AAQ-30 Targeting Sight System, and a 4-weapon Hellfire II weapons rack in place of the left-hand aerial refueling pod. The right wing can still carry fuel for aerial refueling, while the left wing carries the kit. There is no discussion of a direct fire gun, but the release does add that Lockheed Martin plans to retrofit the Marine Corps' fleet of KC-130J aircraft with the necessary wiring to carry Harvest Hawk, so that any aircraft could be quickly converted for use. USMC release.
Harvest Hawk testing begins
June 4/09: Gunslinger. An AFSOCOM pre-solicitation notice [FedBizOpps MS Word format | WIRED Danger Zone] discusses one option for mounting precision guided weapons on the MC-130Ws:
"The goal for Gunslinger is to have 10 or more Standoff Precision Guided Munitions (SOPGMs) loaded and ready to fire in rapid succession, reload in flight, and not modify the SOPGMs or their Common Launch Tube (CLT). The Gunslinger system must be interoperable with the Government's SOPGM Battle Management System (BMS)… If only one qualified source responds the Government reserves the right to issue a sole source contract to that qualified source.
The Air Armament Center Capabilities Integration Directorate (AAC/XR) proposes to procure Gunslinger System Engineering which will include; design and ground demonstration of the Gunslinger system using a surrogate aircraft provided by the Government or a contractor provided mock up representative of the MC-130W. The design is allowed to include both permanent and removable portions. The installation as designed shall not prevent the aircraft from performing the cargo/transport mission when the removable portion is not in place. The permanent portion shall maintain cabin pressure when the removable portion is installed as well as when it is not installed. The time to install and uninstall the removable portions shall be minimized. The goal is less than five (5) minutes. The contractor shall develop an aircraft modification package with drawings and supporting data for installing the Gunslinger system and submit it to the aircraft OSS&E authority for approval to proceed with the aircraft modification."
May 15/09: AFSOCOM's analogues. Gannett's Air Force times reports that Air Force Special Operations Command's plan to buy 16 C-27Js under the Joint Cargo Aircraft program, for conversion to AC-27J Stinger II gunships, has fallen apart with the removal of Army C-27J funding in the FY 2010 budget.
In response, they're investigating a "Plan B" that would add roll-on, roll-off kits to its MC-130W Combat Spear fleet. The MC-130W program began in 2006 to replace combat losses of the MC-130E/H Combat Talon, but it's based on converted C-130H models, rather than new "J" version of the Hercules.
May 8/09: HH R&D. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. in Marietta, GA received a $22.8 million firm-fixed-price contract to develop a roll-on, roll-off armed targeting capability for the Marine Corps' KC-130J.
Work will be performed in Palmdale, CA and is expected to be complete in December 2009. Contract funds in the amount of $15.5 million will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured (N00019-09-C-0053).
May 4/09: SOCOM PSP 360. The USAF is also interested in this concept, and issues a PIXS solicitation for a "Precision Strike Pkg 360 Degree Situational Awareness Camera System." The solicitation adds that:
"This system would operate at altitudes at or above 10,000 feet and act as a hostile fire indicator system to provide aircrew with the ability to virtually scan the outside of the aircraft for hostile ground threats that would possibly target them. This system is part of a broader Persistence Strike Package (PSP). The purpose of the PSP program is to add a modular PSP to a medium lift cargo aircraft, to include a medium caliber gun and Stand-Off Precision Guided Munitions (SOPGM)."
Additional Readings and Sources
Background: Projects & Aircraft
- FedBizOpps solicitation (April 13/09) – Harvest Hawk modification to KC-130J Aircraft. The initial solicitation involves 3 kits, and adds "As the sole source designer, developer, and manufacturer of KC-130J aircraft, LM is uniquely qualified to meet the United States Marine Corps (USMC) summer 2009 deployment schedule."
- Lockheed Martin – KC-130J Super Tanker
- USAF Fact Sheet – AC-130H/U Gunship
- USAF Fact Sheet – AC-130W Stinger II. Formerly the MC-130W Combat Spear/ Dragon Spear. Aircraft cost lists around $150 million: $108 million for the fully equipped plane + $39 million for the PSP weapon package. The PSP lists ATK's 30mm GAU-23/A cannon, Boeing's GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb, and Raytheon's AGM-176 Griffin-B missile.
- USAF Fact Sheet – AC-130J Ghost Rider. Will include a 105mm gun as well as the PSP. "The first AC-130J aircraft is scheduled to begin developmental test and evaluation in January 2014. The first squadron will be located at Cannon Air Force Base, N.M., while other locations are to be determined. Initial operational capacity is expected in fiscal 2017 and the last [37th] delivery is scheduled for fiscal 2021."
Background: Associated Equipment & Weapons
- Lockheed Martin – TSS
- Jane's – Lockheed Martin AN/AAQ-30 Target Sight System (TSS) (United States)
- L-3 Wescam – MX-15Di
- DID – A Spookier Spooky, 30mm at a Time. That was the idea, anyway.
- ATK – M230 30mm Chain Gun Automatic Cannon
- Designation Systems – Boeing/Lockheed Martin (Rockwell/Martin Marietta) AGM-114 Hellfire
- DID Spotlight – Raytheon's AGM-176 Griffin Mini-Missiles.
- DID Spotlight – GBU-44 Viper Strike: Death From Above
- Defense Update – Griffin Small Tactical Munition. Griffin and STM are actually 2 separate weapons. Explains the difference between Griffin A (used on the MC-130W) and Griffin B.
- Lockheed Martin – Scorpion. Small precision glide weapon similar to NG's Viper Strike and Raytheon's Griffin. No longer listed on the Products page.
- DID – Mortars from Aircraft? The Shadow Knows… Small RQ-7 UAVs could soon carry GPS-guided mortars, and other weapons.
- DID – Pocket Gunship: From AC-XX to the MC-27J Praetorian. Italy is the 1st customer, after US SOCOM declined.
- DID – Jordan's Pocket Gunships: Converted CN-235s. The buy was announced at IDEX 2011, and could create a light gunship analogue to SOCOM's proposed AC-27Js.
News & Views
- Strategy Page (Feb 16/11) – Gunships Come Out Of The Darkness.
- Defense News (Feb 8/11) – SOCOM Moved Quickly To Create Daytime Gunship.
- NDIA National Defense (August 2010) – Special Operations Aviators Gear Up for Aircraft Upgrades .
- Aviation Week DTI (March 25/10) – Socom Refines AC-130J Gunship Plans.
- Flight International (April 2/09) – US Marine Corps plans to convert KC-130J tankers into gunships.
- Aviation Week (Aug 18-25/08) – Marine Gunship.
- Gannett's Marine Corps Times (April 24/08) – Corps weighs gunship firepower options.


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Consensus Report
Workforce Needs in Veterinary Medicine (2012)Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review; while the reports represent views of the committee, they also are endorsed by the Academy. Learn more on our expert consensus reports.
The veterinary medical profession faces several challenges in coming years, including maintaining the economic sustainability of veterinary practice and education, building its scholarly foundation, and evolving to meet changing societal needs, this report finds. In recent years, the dominant focus of the profession has shifted from farm animal health to companion animal care, and concerns are growing that this emphasis is directing resources away from veterinary medicine's other, equally important roles in basic research, public service, food production, and other sectors, resulting in a workforce that may be insufficient to address 21st century priorities for protecting and advancing animal and human health.
Click here to watch a recording of the report release (PowerPoint presentation and audio).
Key Messages
- Although there are no widespread shortages of veterinarians overall, some sectors are struggling to find well-qualified candidates, even when offering high salaries. For example, the industrial sector is facing a shortage of candidates with advanced training in topics such as biochemistry, toxicology, or pathology; and veterinary colleges are in need of research faculty with the grant-writing skills to leverage funding for their programs. Industry veterinary workforce shortages can be addressed by deeper partnerships between academe and industrial employers of veterinarians. Academe should more actively seek industry biomedical research partnerships, student mentoring, and opportunities in the curriculum to expose students to corporate practice.
- Growing demands for animal products are putting stress on agricultural systems and increasing populations of food animals. One strategy to better understand and address health issues that affect humans, animals, and the environment is the concept of One Health, a holistic concept of health that recognizes the complex linkages between humans, wild and domestic animals, and their ecosystems. Veterinary medical organizations and the deans of veterinary colleges should work to increase the visibility, standing, and potential of the profession to address global food security. Establishing a One Health think tank with the goal of advancing food-animal husbandry and welfare policies, ecosystem health standards, and the capacity of the veterinary profession in the developing world would help future generations of veterinarians to collaborate across professions, disciplines and cultures. A part of this body should also consider the necessary competencies required of U.S. veterinary graduates to address the global challenges of food and water safety and security, and the health of wildlife and ecosystems.
- Increasing consumption of animal products such as milk, meat, and eggs has led to the consolidation of food-animal production to fewer but much larger farms—and has also altered demand for veterinary services in the care of livestock, poultry and swine. To increase the economic value of veterinary services to food producers, the education of food-animal practitioners should be reoriented towards herd health and interventions aimed at improving the financial health of the farm operation. Veterinary schools and colleges should work together to achieve this goal by creating centers of emphasis on food-animal medicine.
- More than 50 percent of veterinarians are companion-animal practitioners, but projections about the future growth of companion-animal practice are uncertain. Finding realistic strategies for meeting companion-animal veterinary medical workforce needs will require the collaboration of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, American Animal Hospital Association, and American Veterinary Medical Association. Building such a strategy requires reliable national data on consumer demand for companion-animal care, the economics of private practice, the role of veterinary technicians in extending companion-animal care, and the implications for the profession of growth in accredited and non-accredited veterinary schools both inside and outside the United States.
- Primary veterinary services are still needed in rural areas, but often these communities cannot financially support positions for full-time food animal veterinarians, leaving gaps in animal care and raising concerns about the level of animal disease surveillance in the field. The veterinary profession should formulate new ways of delivering cost-effective services to rural America, using veterinary technicians to extend animal health services to underserved areas.
- Since the economic downturn that began in 2007, veterinary schools have lost public financial support and have had to increase class sizes and transfer of additional tuition costs to students. U.S. veterinary colleges should evaluate and implement alternative options for the delivery of veterinary education and research. To stimulate the collective actions needed to ensure economic sustainability of veterinary colleges, practices, and students, professional veterinary organizations, academe, industry, and government will need to work together with a sense of urgency. A national committee or consortium should be jointly supported to bring together initiatives that focus on the economic sustainability of the profession in all sectors of service, education, and research. As part of a comprehensive strategy to address the economic sustainability of the veterinary profession, the working groups appointed by the consortium should create nationally shared curricula.
- The public sector has unfilled positions for veterinarians who have specialized training in epidemiology, food safety, wildlife and ecosystem health, and public health, but these jobs typically offer salaries much lower than those in the private sector, and cannot attract the top candidates. To meet the need for positions for veterinarians in public practice, the committee urges state and federal governments to re-examine their policies on remuneration, recruitment, and retention of veterinarians.
- Veterinarians in the companion-animal sector are increasingly pursuing specialized training in fields such as surgery, oncology, and orthopedic medicine. The requirements for specialty certification are set by independent Boards and often include faculty advisers and 2-4 years of training, drawing resources away from the central obligation of veterinary schools to educate entry-level Doctors of Veterinary Medicine (DVMs).
- Veterinary school curricula have focused on companion animal care, while other subjects such as infectious diseases, public health, and environmental toxicology have received less emphasis. This threatens the profession's ability to maintain robust research programs and advance basic veterinary knowledge. Addressing these concerns will require that veterinary academe increase its commitment to research, developing future faculty, and encouraging current faculty to work across disciplinary and professional boundaries. The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges is well-positioned to take on this challenge.


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|The Score Artists @ Work Member Directory Premier Partners Seminar Downloads SCL Videos NY Home Forum Ambassador Program Mentor Program Hall of Fame In Memoriam Lifetime Achievement Emerging Composer
Spring 2012
The cover story by Andrew Goodloe takes a look at Solid State Drive technology. In, "What's In A Song," Adryan Russ looks at how top musical artists choose the songs they perform and record. Aaron Zigman is interviewed by Chris Farrell and Lori Barth.


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Limit-Strap LogicPosted in How To on February 1, 2012
Limit straps are often looked at as something you only need if you're intent on going fast and flying high. Not true.
In the days of stiff leaf springs that didn't move much in any direction, limit straps weren't a necessity. Fast forward to the present, and today's suspensions have no shortage of bump, droop, and flex.
When your suspension reaches full extension, something's got to rein it in. If you don't have limit straps, that something is your shocks. Add heavy axles, burly beadlocked wheels, and big tires to the mix and you've got a lot of force yanking downward on your shocks. Even if you're not going fast or getting air, your shocks still have to withstand a lot of force when the axles articulate over obstacles.
The good news is that in addition to saving your shocks, limit straps won't break the bank. Better yet, mounting hardware is available to smooth and ease your installation experience.
Our 2004 4Runner had limit straps up front, but not out back. We'd added a custom Currie 9-inch rear axle and 35-inch tires: items much heavier than stock. Not only that, the 9-inch and the 35's let the 'Runner be driven much harder and faster than a stock rig. Since an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, the time for rear limit straps had arrived. Remember: straps save your shocks.
Limit-Strap Length
To choose the right limit-strap length, you'll need to know where your mounting points are going to be, and you'll need to take stretch into consideration. Limit straps are designed to stretch about 5 to 10 percent of their total lengths. The shocks should never be allowed to "top out" metal-to-metal, so adjust the threaded upper clevis a little on the tight side.
Limit-Strap Mounts
Limit straps should be mounted so that the tabs never slam together under full compression. Limit straps should also be mounted so that they don't pull sideways on their mounts when the suspension droops. Anything else? Limit straps are nylon, so keep them away from hot exhaust components. Keep limit straps from pulling on brake lines, too. If you'd rather not mess with the installation, it's worth it to pay a pro.


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vincen wrote:The easiest way is probably to do the Bluetooth pairing in windows with the Papymerlin module, and then setup Papywizard in Serial mode and indicates serial port created by Windows when you did the pairing
mediavets wrote:Does that mean you have got Papywizard to work with Windows 8?
mediavets wrote:I tried that too but it wouldn't work - it fails when it's attempting to connect at the point you might expect it to prompt for a passkey.
mediavets wrote:I'm not that familiar with Windows 8 and I am finding it diificult to take/transfer my knowlege of Windows XP to 8 - everything seems very much more tiresome and difficulty and clumsy and 'hidden' in 8.
vincen wrote:mediavets wrote:Does that mean you have got Papywizard to work with Windows 8?
I didn't hear till now any successful results on Windows 8 but neither negative so you might have a chance
mediavets wrote:The problem/challenge was to pair with the Papymerlin....in the end I did it via the Control Panel/Devices and printers. I couldn't seem to do it via Bluetooth settings.
It's currently working as a straight Bluetooth connection set up via the Papywizard driver Chooser., ie. not a virtual serial port connection.
tcgass wrote:Could you give any further details about pairing under Windows 8? I'm trying to do the same thing, but it drives me mad... :-) I must say that I'm not very common with Windows8, but I'm trying since 2 weeks to make this thing work... without any success.
Thomas, Thomas
tcgass wrote:Hi mediavets,
thank you so much for all your input - that's simply great! However, it turned out that Windows 8 really is a nightmare - I didn't succeed in pairing via bluetooth, had constant crashes of Papywizard and much more...
I finally decided to format my old MacBook and installed OS Lion on it, downloaded the appropriate papywizard software and... here we go: everything works like a charm.
Still fighting with some alignment problems (let's say mount of my Canon EOS600D with a 300mm lens) to make sure, PanoGear is controlling pitch accordingly, but hey, I was OUT SHOOTING TODAY! After 2 weeks of getting mad with Windows8 a great pleasure! :-)
All the best
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Cloud Computing: Not a Security Panacea
The Microsoft Sidekick data loss was a pretty big story over the last week or two; for a while, Microsoft was predicting a total loss of all data, although by October 15, things seemed to start looking better in that department. Some have already discussed whether this failure should be used to represent cloud computing entirely. (To get it out of the way now — no, it shouldn't.) But there remains a gap in expectations and some level of assumptions about what cloud computing has to offer.
One key difference here is that the concept of cloud computing must remain separate from the concept of hosted services. In Microsoft's case, the Sidekick failure was in what has been described as a traditional hosted environment. But from a consumer perspective, especially for paying customers, there is an expectation of backup and resiliency when all of the data and much of the device functionality is under the control of the vendor. At this point, the security requirements of that data becomes more clarified: what will be the acceptable losses for this customer information, and what costs will be acceptable for preventing those losses?
Yet under a cloud computing model, Microsoft would not necessarily have found themselves in a situation that would have withstood the data loss they experienced. The key here is that cloud computing allows for scalability based upon usage; an organization could increase or decrease their use of computing infrastructure (and consequently cost, maintenance, etc.) based upon need. Yet if the organization implements a cloud architecture for scalability only, resiliency isn't necessarily improved.
This is evident from the Facebook server failure that was also reported last week. Facebook utilizes a cloud architecture to serve their content, but 150,000 users lost recent settings and data from posts during the outage period. Facebook's architecture did not make it immune to this loss, so simply employing cloud structure in one area does not exempt an organization from data loss.
But can cloud computing increase resiliency? Certainly, similar to scaling up availability, workload can be distributed to other hosts and scaled around the failed device if it is detected. The fact that this was not employed by Facebook does not speak negatively about the cloud, but simply exists as a design decision made by the company. Immediate failover and resiliency in the cloud is either not a part of their operations plan at this time, or their plan for that resiliency did not succeed — my guess is that the former is true, but that's just a guess.
What remains to be seen is whether consumer expectation and assumptions about the nature of cloud computing can be satisfied by companies that only offer hosted services, or those that do not include cost-prohibitive design decisions. How services choose to allocate their funding and resources will certainly vary. What the cloud allows is for an organization to be extremely flexible, and not locked into an infrastructure or architecture that has consistent usage, or if utilizing a multi-tenant cloud, not locked into bearing the full cost for that infrastructure.
Services will continue to make infrastructure choices, either with or without cloud capabilities, and these same services will continue to make choices for or against reliability, scalability, and security to meet their needs. As organizations plan to build their own cloud services, or to employ cloud-based services from a third party, they will need to understand just which cloud capabilities are being employed, and what service levels they can expect. Ultimately, the technological benefits of cloud computing are neither a cure-all nor a required, inflexible set. With a greater understanding about cloud computing will come a more realistic set of expectations, which in turn will aid security decisions and how cloud computing will affect (positively or negatively) the cost of ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
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...multi-language proposals -> Initian text with salutation -> An image with the mockup of a product with the customer's logo on it, and a reminder that they can find the full PDF mockup attached to the email -> Reminder that their quotation is attached to the email -> Delivery date if the client proceeds with the order today -> Another


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Roll bars and roll cages can only ship via FedEx Express, and only to the United States. We must manually calculate the shipping quote in order to get an accurate ship price for you.
If you would like a shipping quote on a roll bar or roll cage and accessories you will need to send us a complete list of all of the part numbers you will be ordering (for the roll bar or roll cage and any option choices as well), along with your full name and complete shipping address (not just a zip code).
The easiest way to obtain the full list of part numbers for the roll bar or roll cage and any option choices you'd like is to simply add everything to the shopping cart on our website. Inside of the shopping cart all of the part numbers will be displayed.
Then you can use our contact form and select "Shipping Quote Request" as the department to send us all of the above information.


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While visiting a home in my neighborhood on the Minneapolis – St. Paul Home Tour yesterday, a tour representative said this homeowner's renovation included switching from an electric stove to a gas stove and how much the representative wished she had a gas stove top in her own home.
"Well, what about induction?" I asked her.
It's no longer just a choice between gas or electric stoves; homeowners with electric hookups can enjoy all the power of gas plus more responsiveness.
What do you lose with induction? All the wasteful energy loss. Cooking with induction is 70% more efficient than gas and 20% more efficient than electric.
Clean up is easier than smooth top gas ranges because spills don't burn onto the surface. You can stick a hundred-dollar bill between an induction burner element and a pot of boiling water without worry
Why? Induction burners only heat magnetic surfaces (so you'll know if your pots and pans are compatible if a magnet sticks to the bottom!), which also make induction cooktops popular choices for kid- and pet-safe kitchens.
Due to its recent rise in popularity (induction has been around since the '70s but only took off recently), brands now make induction ranges in addition to induction cooktops.
More chefs and gourmet cooks are choosing induction; we put a Thermador induction cooktop in Midtown Global Market's Kitchen in the Market just this year. I can't wait to see more people delight in the ability to cook like they're using gas without the cost and hassle of switching from electric.


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Parineeti's graceful walk gets thumbs-up at WIFW
Hindustan Times - 08 Oct 2012
Clad in a beautiful navy blue-orange lehanga, teamed with a deep-cut choli and a heavy dupatta, chirpy and spontaneous actress Parineeti Chopra left the audience applauding and cheering when she walked the ramp for veteran designer Manish Malhotra at the ongoing Wills Lifestyle India Fashion Week
Known for her bubbly image on the silver screen, Parineeti walked the ramp with a lot of elegance and poise.
Her entry made people cheer her. She could not help smiling and waving at her fans, even as she looked stunning without any accessories and minimal make-up.
The 24-year-old, who made her acting debut with "Ladies Vs Ricky Bahl", left it on the audience on how she looked.
"About the outfit, I think it's for you people to judge. I think I looked okay," Parineeti told reporters.
Malhotra showcased his latest Mijwan collection in the capital Sunday night. It comprised the traditional yet popular embroidery work, Chikankari, by girls from Mijwan, who are supported by veteran actress and social activist ShabanaAzmi'sMijwan Welfare Society (MWS).
Mijwan is a small village near Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh.
Shabana started the show by sharing some lines by her father, late Urdu poet KaifiAzmi, who founded the MWS to empower the girl child.
The collection saw the return of earthy, subdued tones like ivory, brunt orange, dull shades of red and pink. There was a mix of garments both for men and women. Coats, kurtas, sherwanis, lehangas teamed with long jackets and cholis, farsi pants and anarkalis. The outfits were liked by all and it was a jam-packed show.
The 62-year-old actress dressed elegantly for the occasion in a black shirt and white chikankaridupatta, and was all praises for Malhotra's collection.
"Manish with his collection is bringing into fashion world the craft, which is our USP and which is what we can offer to the world. They can copy everything but cannot compete with our craft," Shabana said.
Malhotra, who has designed for over 1,000 films and is a recipient of 38 awards, said about his collection: "This show was basically about showing the craft of Mijwan. My purpose was to bring it up here at an event like WIFW. It's Shabanaji's NGO and Parineeti was very kind and said she wanted to be associated with it and that is how we are all here."
"Fashion week is all about style and trends but is is important sometimes to see the Indian craft which is happening in our villages and is so beautiful," he added.
Cousin of Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra, Parineeti said: "I don't want it to be just about ramp walk, but I seriously and genuinely feel for what Mijwan and what Manish and Shabanaji are doing. For such an initiative, I just could not say no. I had to be a part of it."
The designer, who has styled some of the most popular faces in Bollywood including Kajol, KareenaKapoor, Rani Mukherji, AishwaryaRai, SonamKapoor, PreityZinta and KarismaKapoor, is known for his collection that boasts of a fusion of traditional and contemporary designs.
Click here to know more about Lifestyle Retailing Business


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Isaac et al v. Allied Interstate Inc et al
|Albert J Isaac, Jr and Rosetta W Isaac
|Allied Interstate Inc, West Asset Management Inc, Law Offices of Ross Gelfand, LLC and Encore Receivable Management Inc
|Case Number:
|August 20, 2008
|Alabama Northern District Court
|Consumer Credit Office
|Presiding Judge:
|Sharon Lovelace Blackburn
|Nature of Suit:
|Cause of Action:
|Federal Question
|Jury Demanded By:
|15:1692 Fair Debt Collection Act
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Just in time for the holidays, Target confirmed Thursday that its systems were breached.
Thanks to the breach, one or more attackers successfully stole 40 million credit card numbers. Anyone who used a credit or debit card in any of Target's US stores between November 27 and December 15 may be a victim. Target.com users and customers at Target stores in Canada are not affected.
The Target attackers gained access not only to card numbers, but also card expiration dates, CVV codes, and cardholders' names. As a result, they could use the stolen information to make fraudulent purchases via phone or online as well as to create working counterfeit credit cards.
[For more on the Target breach, see Target Confirms Hackers Stole 40 Million Credit Cards.]
How did hackers likely steal the credit card data, and what should consumers who may have been affected by the breach do next?
Here's what we know about the breach, its likely repercussions for affected cardholders, and how they should respond:
1. Target declines to comment on data encryption questions.
How did hackers manage to steal 40 million cards? That's a pertinent question, since any retailer that stores credit card data, according to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS), is required to encrypt that data. Furthermore, if the data is properly encrypted in transit and at rest, it shouldn't be of any use to attackers.
"This is a breach that should've never happened," Forrester analyst John Kindervag said in an emailed statement. "The fact that three-digit CVV security codes were compromised shows they were being stored. Storing CVV codes has long been banned by the card brands and the PCI [Security Standards Council]."
Reached via email, a Target official declined to respond to questions about whether the retailer had stored the stolen card data in encrypted format, or whether it had been certified as PCI-compliant. "We continue to invest in our security practices to protect our guests' information including the retention of a leading third-party forensics firm to conduct a thorough investigation of this incident," Target spokeswoman Molly Snyder said via email. "We apologize for any inconvenience this has caused our guests."
Target has also declined to address how attackers got their hands on the data in the first place. "As this is an ongoing investigation, we don't have additional details to share on the questions you asked," said Snyder.
2. Malware, point-of-sale apps, and insiders suspected.
The fact that the Target data breach didn't touch its e-commerce operation, but rather its stores, suggests that attackers gained access to information that was gathered via point-of-sale (POS) terminals -- a fancy name for electronic cash registers.
Hord Tipton, executive director of (ISC)2, said in an emailed statement that attackers likely infected massive numbers of POS terminals with malware. "It's one thing to compromise or affect one machine, but to get all of them begs the question of how this was plotted out in the first place," Tipton said. "How were the hackers so efficient? From what I can tell, it looks like an insider threat -- someone on the inside probably helped."
Alternately, attackers may have been able to remotely tap into the POS terminals by exploiting vulnerabilities in their built-in Web servers, Bala Venkat, the chief marketing officer for Web application security vendor Cenzic, said in an emailed statement. "When searching for vulnerable targets, attackers are discovering that many retail merchants and point-of-sale terminals haven't implemented some of the basic security measures required by [PCI]," he said, which would include two-factor authentication on the terminals for anyone attempting to remotely connect to it.
The breach was likely compounded by Target failing to monitor its POS terminals for signs of attack. "This seems rather obvious from the information revealed already about this Target breach," Venkat said.
But Gartner analyst Avivah Litan said in a blog post that the breach was likely not due to malware or hacking, but a very low-tech -- and insider -- attack. "If we've learned anything from the Snowden/NSA and WikiLeaks/Bradley Manning affairs, it's that insiders can cause the most damage because some basic controls are not in place," she said. "I wouldn't be surprised if that's the case with the Target Breach -- i.e., that Target did a great job protecting their systems from external intruders but dropped the ball when it came to securing insider access."
3. Full investigation may take months.
Although a statement released by Target said that it "has identified and resolved the issue" exploited by the attackers, it may be many months before Target has a complete picture of how the breach occurred. "It will be interesting to see how the attackers got into the network and what technical countermeasures were in place, but that will take months to surface as the forensics in such a case are extremely time consuming," Qualys CTO Wolfgang Kandek said via email.
4. Stolen cards are already flooding black market.
Security experts said the timing of the breach corresponds with a recent surge of stolen credentials being offered for sale on underground cybercrime forums. "We started to detect that something was afoot on December 11th when [we] detected a massive increase – 10 - 20x -- in availability of high-value stolen cards on black-market sites," read a blog post from security vendor Easy Solutions. "Nearly every bank and [credit union] in the US seems to be affected."
Target has yet to say how it learned of the breach. But having a massive quantity of stolen credit cards flooding the market would have been a red flag for card issuers. One quick tipoff about the source of the breach would likely have been the large number of Target Redcard credit and debit card numbers.
5. PCI compliance failed to stop the breach.
Critics of the PCI standard -- created by American Express, Discover Financial Services, JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide, and Visa -- have long suggested that businesses that technically comply with PCI may not have robust information security practices in place. Furthermore, critics have charged that enforcement of the industry-advanced standard lacks teeth, as evidenced by the PCI Council sometimes retroactively revoking certifications.
In 1997, for example, TJ Maxx parent company TJX was breached, resulting in the theft of 90 million credit card numbers. In the wake of the breach, investigators revealed that TJX wasn't in compliance with nine of the 12 PCI data security standards. The breach reportedly served as a wakeup call for retailers to get compliant with PCI.
"PCI is designed to push nearly all risks and costs onto merchants and their banks through a series of contracts," said Rich Mogull, CEO of Securosis, in a blog post earlier this year.
But has PCI resulted in major retailers taking information security seriously? Witness the spectacle earlier this year of Visa suing PCI-compliant sports clothing retailer Genesco for $13 million, after the retailer suffered a data breach. The council also retroactively revoked the retailer's PCI compliance. That maneuver, Mogull alleged, allowed the PCI Security Standards Council to continue saying that "no PCI compliant organization has ever been breached."
"This is a clear fallacy -- merchants pass their assessments, they get breached, and then PCI retroactively revokes their certifications," Mogull said. "Fines are then levied against the acquiring bank and passed on to the merchant."
Going forward, Target will reportedly have to hire one of the 10 firms in the United States that are certified to perform PCI investigations. That firm also can't be the same as the company that certified Target's PCI compliance.


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Shawty Lo Says T.I Will Lose In A Boxing Match "He Just Like A Woman" & Speaks On What Went Down At ATL B-Day Bash!
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