text:
| This page tracks several lines of allusion including the historical, biblical, and mythical that Melville employs both frequently and effectively. When appropriate, the allusions are grouped so that the reader can better see the connections upon which the effectiveness of the allusion largely depends. Also, there is no separate category for "literary" allusions -- those that refer to specific authors or works; by their very nature, all of Melville's allusions are "literary."
Before some sections I have included a headnote briefly commenting on the general terms of Melville's allusive structure.
Finally, to return to the chapter simply click the "Back" button on your browser or click on the chapter numbers at the end of each entry. You may also you these chapter numbers to see other places where Melville uses the same or similar allusions.
Adamastor, "Camoëns' Spirit of the Cape" : Adamastor is a character from the epic poem the Lusiads (published 1570) of Portuguese poet Luiz Vaz de Camoes (1524-1580). The work recalls the glories of the Portuguese over the enemies of Christianity and particularly focuses on the triumphs of the great explorer, Vasco da Gama. In casting da Gama's voyages as mythological journeys, Adamastor emerges as the giant of classical literature who threatens (but fails) to destroy da Gama's fleet as they return by the Cape of Good Hope. (adapted from Encyclopedia Brittanica)[8]
Alexander the Great and Bucephalus : Alexander (356-323 BC), a Macedonian King and conqueror of the Persian Empire, established an empire that stretched from the Mediterranean Sea all the way to India. Purported to be a descendant of Hercules on his father's side and Achilles on his mother's side, Alexander's feats often took on epic proportions. One of the earliest legends about Alexander involved his taming of the great horse, Buchephalus, the steed that carried him all the way to India before it died.[1]
Articles of War : The Articles were the regulations of the Royal Navy compromising a varied collection of rules dealing mainly with the misconduct of both officers and seamen. They covered a broad range of issues including: pays and wages, mutiny, spying, and insubordination. Under Article Four, Billy was required to convey any information concerning an enemy or would-be mutineer to a superior officer within twelve hours of the opportunity to do so. In this case, however, Vere is most concerned with two Articles: Article Twenty-two which forbids any quarreling with, striking, drawing a sword on, or offering to draw swords with a superior officer; and Article Twenty-eight which orders death as punishment for anyone convicted of murder. (adapted from A Sea of Words by King)[22]
Bart, Jean : Bart (1650-1702) was a French privateer and naval officer renowned for both his skill and daring. He served King Louis XIV in wars against both the Dutch and the English. (adapted from A Naval Encyclopedia)[4]
Bentham, Jeremy and Utilitarianism: Bentham (1748-1832), an English philosopher and founder of the philosophy of utilitarianism, thought that ideas, institutions, and actions should be judged on the basis of their usefulness or utility. For him, utility was defined by the ability of something to produce happiness or pleasure. He advanced those things which ultimately produced the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.[4]
Brydges, George, the Baron Rodney: Brydges (1718-1792) was an English admiral who won several key victories against the French, Dutch, and Spanish. He was particularly successful against those European nations that supported the Americans during the war for independence. (adapted from A Naval Encyclopedia)[6]
Bunker Hill : In June 1775, Bunker Hill was the site of the bloodiest battle of the American Revolutionary War. More than 1,000 British soldiers and nearly 400 Americans were killed or wounded.[8]
Burke, Edmund : Burke (1729-1797), was a British statesman and politician, a prolific author, and a skilled orator. During the American Revolution he had urged British conciliation believing the colonists deserved the same rights as all British citizens. He was, however, highly critical of the French Revolution that stretched over nearly the entire final decade of his life. Most vehemently in his Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), Burke attacked the French for what he saw as violations of individual rights, unwarranted attacks on the Church, and highly volatile attempts to establish a new social order.[1]
Calvin, John : Calvin (1509-1564) was one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation and founder of Presbyterianism. The tenets of his religious philosophy, as recorded and developed in Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536), clarified his support for constitutional government, representative government, the right of people to change their government, and the separation of civil government from church government. He also subscribed to the theory of the "Elect," those predestined by God to be saved. For Melville, the foundations of the Calvinistic theory of the Elect are flawed.[11] [24]
Chang and Eng : Born in Siam (now Thailand), Chang and Eng (1811-1874) were famous Siamese twins joined at the rib-cage. Melville invokes them metaphorically to emphasize the common source and mutual dependence of envy and antipathy.[13]
Charles II, the Rev. Dr. Titus Oates, and the Popish Plot : Exile by the Parliamentary government of Oliver Cromwell since 1651, Charles II (1630-1685) returned to England and ascended the throne in 1660. Titus Oates (1649-1705) was a conspirator who revealed a plot to kill Charles II in 1678. Feeding on growing suspicions of many English towards Roman Catholics, Oates emerged first as a hero for exposing the so-called Popish Plot. In 1685, it was revealed that Oates had in fact made up the entire thing.[8]
Coke, Sir Edward and Blackstone, Sir William: Coke and Blackstone were two of the most prominent figures in the history of English law. Together, their writings were for many years recognized as being the prime source for information about the law both in England and America. [11]
Cook, Captain James : Cook (1728-1779) was a British navigator and is generally recognized as one of the world's greatest explorers, commanding three voyages to the Pacific and circumnavigating the globe twice. In 1768, he lead the expedition to Tahiti to which Melville refers. [25]
Dansker: Melville's variation on Dane, referring to a person from Denmark. The precise effect of this identification is unclear, perhaps Melville hoped to evoke a sense of mystery by making the old Dansker a foreigner.[9]
"the deadly space between" :[11]
Decatur, Stephen: Ascending to the rank of Captain at only twenty-five years old, Decatur (1779-1820) was renowned throughout his career as a daring yet uncommonly successful officer. He was killed in a duel by former Commodore James Barron, against whom he had ruled as a member of a military court. [4]
De Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul : De Grasse (1722-1788) was the French Admiral who aided George Washington at the siege of Yorktown. He was later defeated and captured by the British in the West Indies. [6]
Dibdin, Charles : Dibdin (1745-1814) was a popular British playwright at the end of 18th and beginning of 19th century. He was especially noted for his sailor songs. Melville quotes Dibdin's line celebrating British loyalty, "And as for my life, 'tis the King's!"[3]
Diderot, Denis : Diderot (1713-1784) was a major French philosopher during the period known as the Age of Reason. A literary artist who wrote criticism, satire, fiction, and drama, he spent much of his life working on the French Encyclopedia, a work reflecting his revolutionary sentiments. [1]
Don John of Austria : Don John (1547-1578), the illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was a naval commander most noted for his victory over the Turkish at the Battle of Lepanto. (adapted from Encyclopedia Brittanica)[4]
Doria, Andrea: Doria (1466-1560), the great Genovese admiral and politician noted for his fearlessness, won several major victories while serving both the French and Spanish crowns. (adapted from A Naval Encyclopedia)[4]
Dundee: Dundee, a major industrial center of Scotland, lies in the east-central part of the country on the Firth of Tay, an arm of the North Sea.[1]
the English Channel: The Channel, the body of water between England and France connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, ranges from 21 to 100 miles in width. Historically, naval control of the passage has been hotly contested between the two countries. Especially during the time of Revolution -- i.e. the time of narrative of Billy Budd, the proximity of England and France fed a good deal of nervousness.[28]
Fatalism: Generally, fatalism refers to a group of several belief systems that hold that all events are driven by forces beyond man's control. Because the future is predetermined and fixed by some other power, many fatalists believe that future can be predicted.[1]
Fawkes, Guy : Fawkes (1570-1606) helped lead a group of pro-Catholic supporters in their attempt to blow up King James I and Parliament on November 5th, 1605. After the attempt failed, Fawkes, the man charged with setting off the explosion, was hanged.[14]
Fra Angelico: Born Guido di Pietro (1400?-1455), Fra Angelico is known for combining the Renaissance qualities of clarity of form, linear perspective, and shading light with the Medieval qualities of flowing lines, rich color, and Christian symbolism.[25]
French Revolution:
The French Revolution is the name given to what is actually a series of struggles in France lasting roughly from 1789 and 1799. France, however, was rocked nearly continuously by unrest during the last decade of the eighteenth century, through the first decade of the nineteenth century, and until the 1815 defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte. Though based in a democratic theory and successful in ending supreme monarchical rule, the Revolution failed largely to establish a democracy. Despite what many considered a failure, however, the series of legislatures elected after the July 1789 storming of the Bastille did help to increase the power of the middle class and establish new concepts of freedom.
genus homo : Broadly, a genus is any group of similar things; homo derives from the Latin for "man." In this case, then, genus homo refers to Billy as Being an exemplar of "one belonging to the group of man."[19]
the German wars: This is probably a reference to the Thirty-Years' War (1618-1648), a series of political and religious wars that eventually involved most of the European countries. It began as a conflict in Germany between Catholics and Protestants during the 16th century, but grew and spread as it became more of a political struggle between certain princes and the Holy Roman Emperor. It ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. [6]
Germanicus: In 54 B.C., Julius Caesar invaded England with a small force, defeated some of the indigenous Celts, and then left. Although the Romans did not actually control England completely until Claudius ordered the Romans to invade England again in 43 A.D., Germanicus Caesar (15 B.C.-19 A.D.) a general and conqueror, did win some significant victories over the British. Less than four decades later, Rome controlled nearly all of Great Britain, a rule that lasted until around 400 A.D.[25]
Girard, Stephen: Girard (1750-1831) was a French born American businessman and philanthropist who helped finance the United States during War of 1812 and who played a key role in the founding of the Second Bank of the United States. As Melville points out, Girard was an admirer of the French liberal thinkers like Voltaire and Diderot.[1]
Greenwich: Seaport in Massachusetts, near Salem.[8]
Gunpowder: Melville here refers to the commonly held theory that gunpowder -- an explosive combination of saltpeter and sulfur -- originated in Asia. Gradually, it moved westward eventually reaching Europe sometime in the 13th century. [4]
Hauser, Caspar : Hauser (1812?-1833) appeared mysteriously in Nuremberg, Germany in 1928, Popularly imagined to be of noble birth, his presence aroused international attention. He was assassinated in 1833.[2]
Haydon, Sir Francis Seymour : Breaking up of the Agamemnon[9]
Hawthorne, Nathaniel : Hawthorne (1804-1864), with Melville a giant of American literature, was especially concerned with probing the darker side of human nature. A sometime friend of Hawthorne's, Melville here refers to the short story, "The Birthmark."[2]
James, G.P.R. : James (1799-1860) was a prolific and popular nineteenth-century British novelist. As Freeman pointed out, Melville probably meant to quote William James, the author of the 1880 Naval History of Great Britain. [3]
King George III : King George III (1738-1820) ruled England from 1760-1820 during the tumultuous years of the Seven Years' Wars, the American Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars. [19]
Last Assizes: Generally, the assizes refers to any session of the courts. IN England, it also refers more specifically to periodical sessions of a law court formerly held in each county. Melville here uses the phrase metaphorically to refer to the final judgment at Armageddon. [22]
Liverpool and Erie Canal: This reference, like the one that follows about the Erie Canal, perhaps incoporate portions of the Meville's own biography. In 1837, hoping to relieve some of his family's financial burdern, he had tried unsuccessfully to earn a position as an engineer for the Erie Canal Project. Later, in the summer of 1839, Melville had served aboard a merchant ship that sailed from New York to Liverpool. [1]
Martial: Though his full name was Marcus Valerius Martialis, Martial (approximately 40-140 A.D.) was an ancient Roman writer credited with the development of the modern epigram -- a short, witty or pointed saying marked by conciseness and polish. He used the epigrams to criticize the vices of his society. "Honest and poor, faithful in word and thought, / What has thee, Fabian, to the city brought?" [2]
Marvell, Andrew "Lines Upon Appleton House, to My Lord Fairfax": A major Renaissance poet of the 1650s, Marvell (1621-1678) composed these lines to honor his benefactor -- Marvell had worked for a time as Lord Fairfax's daughter's tutor -- Lord Fairfax. Vere was the family name of Fairfax's wife. [6]
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem, seigneur de: Montaigne (1533-1592) is the French writer considered by many to be the creator of the personal essay. The "realities" to which Melville here refers probably points to Montaigne's insistence on making himself and his personal experiences the focus of his exploratory and informal essays. [7]
Murat, Joachim : Murat (1771-1815) was the most famous cavalry commander under the French Emperor Napoleon I. AT the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Murat was captured, condemned, and executed. [1]
the Monitor: During the American Civil War, the Monitor was one of the newly designed ironclad ships of the Union Navy both built of and covered by iron. In 1862, the ship designed by Swedish-American inventor John Ericsson engaged in one of the most famous naval battles with the confederate ironclad, the Virginia (originally known as the Merrimack). Though both ships were lost within the year, the battle itself marked for the whole world the rising dominance of the steam-driven, ironclad warship. [4]
Murray, William, Earl of Mansfield: Mansfield (1705-1793) served as the chief justice on the King's Bench from 1756-1788 as was noted throughout his career for a series of significant decisions affecting the policies of law both in England and in America.[5]
Paine, Thomas Rights-of-Man: Paine (1739-1807), an 18th century activist, was a famous political writer who heavily influenced the political thinking of the leaders of the American and French Revolutions. He first rose to prominence with his publication of the political pamphlets Common Sense, a defense of the Colonists stance toward England, and The Crisis, a series of pamphlets that served to further inspire the Revolutionary cause. In 1791, thoroughly involved in the tumult of the French Revolution, Paine publish The Rights of Man, a reply to Burke's critique of the French Revolution. For many English, the work itself earned Paine the label of radical. [1] [19]
Peter the Great of Russia: First czar and later emperor of Russia, Peter I (1682-1725) is often credited with transforming the country from an isolated, backward country into a European leader in architecture, art, military, and science. Melville adopts the pejorative -- "Peter the Barbarian" -- as a note disdain for Peter's often repressive measures against his own people including heavy taxation, forced labor, and expansion of feudal policies. Melville also refers obliquely to some practices in St. Petersburg -- the Russian capital founded by Peter I -- at the end of the 19th century including the murder of Czar Alexander II in 1881. [22]
Phrenology: A pseudoscience developed at the beginning of the 19th century in Germany, phrenology is the practice of analyzing a person's character by the shape of the skull. According to phrenologists, the bumps or bulges on the head each corresponded with a dominant trait. The practice of phrenology reached the height of its popularity inthe mid-1850s. [8]
Plato: Plato (427-347 B.C.) is an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who based his ethical philosophy on the premise that all people desire happiness, the natural consequence of a healthy soul. Melville seems simultaneously to be using Plato both authoritatively and ironically -- though one of the central philosophers of Western thought, his explanation of Natural Depravity is largely a non-explanation. [11]
Radcliffe, Ann The Mysteries of Udolpho: At the end of the 18th century, Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho was the most popular of the Gothic novels, horror stories of castles and dark, stormy nights filled with suspense. [11]
the Republic : After the overthrow of the monarchy, the Roman Republic was established in 509 B.C. The city state soon developed a (semi)democratic system of government based in representative rule. By 82 B.C., however, the state had degenerated and Lucius Sulla emerged as dictator who ruled in conjunction with the Senate. In the following years if Roman expansionism, several generals rose in prominence, most notably Julius Caesar. By 44 B.C. he had become sole ruler of Rome, but was murdered by a group of conspirators who hoped to revive the old Roman Republic. Following the murder, continued civil war eventually brought Octavius, Julius Caesar's adopted son and heir, to power. His crowning as Emperor Augustus marked the beginning of the "Rome of the Caesars" and a 200 year stretch of the pax romana. Renewed civil war eventually brought an end to the Roman Empire in 476.[2]
Romance: Though the term romance as applied to literature has shifted over the years, Melville here insists that this story bears none of fantastic or supernatural elements of the novelistic romance. Despite his claim, however, Melville was certainly aware that he uses in Billy Budd some of the elements central to the romance.[2]
Straits of Gibraltar: Named for the British dependency on Spain's southern coast, the Straits of Gibraltar were the primary entry and exit for ships into the Mediterranean. Control of the Straits by the British Mediterranean fleet was key during the Napoleonic Wars.[19] [29]
Tecumseh: Tecumseh (1768-1813), a Shawnee warrior, worked to unite the eastern American Indian tribes in an alliance against the encroaching white settlers. During the War of 1812, he allied with the British and led the Indian forces against the Americans. Melville uses him as an archetype for the strong Indian warrior.[8]
touchstone: Literally, a touchstone is a smooth, fine-grained, black stone used to test the purity of gold or silver. Melville, however, employs the term figuratively as any means of testing something or someone. In this case, Vere serves as the test or standard or criterion against which one could measure "man's essential nature." [19]
transgressor: During the Middle Ages, the Church took over many functions of government left unfulfilled by the unseated Roman emperors such as collecting taxes, serving as hospitals, and educating the wealthy of Europe. Although the Church became the largest landowner in all of Europe, it also insisted on independence from the state. As an independent entity, it claimed that civil law was subordinate to ecclesiastical law on Church property and involving clergy. Thus, a criminal seeking refuge in a Church could not be apprehended by the civil authorities except by consent of the Church.[8]
Voltaire: Voltaire was the pen name for François Marie Arouet (1694-1778), a French writer and philosopher who often used his wit to satirize the faults of the French government.[1]
Van Tromp, Maarten: Tromp (1597-1653) was the Dutch naval officer sometimes referred to as the Father of Naval Tactics. He spent his long career fighting the British, French, and Spanish.[4]
"Vestal princess" : IN ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins (or Princesses) were the six priestesses chosen to tend the sacred flame in the temple to Vesta, the goddess of the household who symbolized the eternity of Rome. [20]
Biblical Allusions
Abraham and Isaac: When Abraham, one of the patriarchs of the Hebrew people, was ninety-nine years old, God made a covenant with him promising that his wife, Sarah, would bear a son despite her old age. Later, God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his long-promised son, Isaac. When Abraham demonstrated his willingness to fulfill God's request, the demand was withdrawn and a ram was provided as a substitute. Abraham's obedience renewed the covenant with God. Vere is here likened to the father driven by duty to a higher power to sacrifice his own son. (see Genesis 22)[23]
Ananias: Ananias and his wife, Sapphira, sold a possession but secretly withheld some part of the price, laying the balance on the Apostles. Peter revealed the lie and said, "Ananias . . . thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." Upon hearing these words, Ananias "fell down, and gave up the ghost." Thus, in the Biblical tradition, Ananias became the archetypal liar. It is important to note that the established parallel between Claggart and Ananias elevates his violation. (see Acts 5) [20]
Apocalypse: In general terms, the apocalypse is the catastrophic end of the world foretold both in the Old and New Testaments. (see Revelation 6-22)[8]
Baal: 'the grand sculptured Bull'[1]
The Beatitudes : In the New Testament, the beatitudes are those statements proclaiming the happiness, good fortune, or blessedness of certain types of people. Melville employs the passage in Matthew (5:9) where Christ says "Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God." The application to Billy both suggests an alignment of him and "the children of God" as well as pointing out the ironic juxtaposition of the fighting peacemaker. [1]
Cain: Cain was the oldest son of Adam and Eve. His is a story of sibling rivalry and fratricide, for he killed his younger brother Abel. As punishment for the murder, God forced Cain to wander perpetually, "a fugitive and a vagabond." (Genesis 4) [2]
The Creation and Fall from EdenThe following references can all be grouped together as various pieces of the fall of Adam and Eve from paradise as told in the second and third chapter of Genesis.
the Cross : A reference to the cross upon which Christ was executed. In this case, the spar from which Billy hanged is likened unto one of the most universally recognized symbols of Christianity.[31]
"the devils also believe, and tremble" : James tells the early Christians, "Thou believest that there is one God: thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble" (2:19). The application here suggests the universality of "conscience" to all beings. [14]
Elisha, Elijah: Though the text names the prophet Elisha, the reference actually recalls his predecessor, Elijah. In 2 Kings (1-12), Elisha inherits the mantle of Elijah when the latter ascends into heaven on "a chariot of fire" pulled by "horses of fire." Melville uses the biblical allusion as a vivid metaphor for the dawning of Billy's execution day.[26]
Ham: Most commonly, Ham refers to the third of Noah's sons and the father of Canaan. The story in Genesis (9:18-27) relates the following: When Noah feel asleep drunk and naked, Ham saw him in his tent and reported the sight to his brothers. Averting their eyes, the elder sons covered their father with a garment. As a punishment for his voyeuristic son, Noah pronounced a curse upon him and his descendants: "Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be to his brethren." [1]
Holy Writ : That is, law proscribed by scripture. The narrator (ironically?) claims that biblical law no longer holds sway.[11]
Jonah: A minor prophet of the Old Testament who, in defiance of God's command that he preach to the Assyrians, fled aboard a ship bound for Tarshish. When God sends a storm which overtakes the ship, the sailors blame Jonah for bringing the storm upon them. To calm the waters, Jonah has the sailors toss him overboard; he is immediately swallowed by a "great fish." (Jonah 1:17). After three days inthe belly of the whale, Jonah is saved by God. [11]
Joseph: The youngest -- and favorite -- son of Jacob, Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers. They then covered his "coat of many colors" in the blood of a young goat and brought it to their father claiming Joseph had been devoured by wild animals (Genesis 37: 31-). The final section of Genesis tells the story of Joseph's rise to prominence in Egypt and his mercy toward his brothers when they come to him in need (though they do not recognize him). Melville focuses his reference on the deceptiveness of the brothers who lie to Joseph's elderly father. [19]
"Lamb of God": This phrase is the messianic title used by John (1: 29-30) upon greeting Christ: "Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." Here, Melville seems once again to align Billy and Christ.[26]
"a man of sorrows" : In Isaiah, the Lord's servant is "despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief" (53:3). Strangely, Melville seems almost to characterize Claggart as a victim.[18]
"Mystery of Iniquity" : In 2 Thessalonians (2:7), Paul says "the mystery of iniquity doth already work." Vere uses the scriptural phrase to cut short any discussion by the drumhead court of those things which they cannot reasonably debate according to logic or within the bounds of naval law. The classification of the mystery as one of "iniquity," however, does suggest Vere's recognition of the violations underlying this case. [22]
Pharisee: In the bible, the Pharisees are members of a Jewish religious and political party charged with maintenance of law within the community. Though often functioning in a role as religious judges, most Pharisees were laymen. In the New Testament, Jesus often has confrontations with them, most notably when they condemn him to death. In Billy Budd, Melville applies the term to characterize the "law-upholding" portion of Claggart which drives him to seek retribution from Billy.[14]
"the Prince of Peace" : In Isaiah (9:6), a list of messianic titles for the savior Jesus is given: "his name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace." Here, the Chaplain serves in a dual -- and possibly contradictory -- roles as both a minister of Christ and a servant of the pagan god of war, Mars.[25]
Saul and David : Saul is the first king of Israel who, after disobeying God's will, is disowned in favor of young David, the hero who defeated the Philistine giant Goliath. A close friend of Saul's son, Jonathan, who "loved him with his own soul" (1 Samuel 18:1), David spent much time in court and grew in popularity with the people of Israel. This popularity and David's great beauty drove Saul to grow increasingly jealous of David. His jealousy grew to such a point that he tried repeatedly to kill David.[13]
the "too fair-spoken man" : [18]
"a virtue went out of him, sugaring the sour ones" : from Matthew _____ [1]
Mythical Allusions
Agamemnon: In the Greek tradition, he was the commander of the Achaen forces during the war at Troy. Upon his return from Troy, he was killed by his wife's (Clytemnestra) lover, Aegisthus. Eventually, he was revenged by his son, Orestes. Melville also refers to the ship Agamemnon, one of Nelson's early commands. Beginning with his ascendance to captaincy of it in 1793, Nelson began seven years of nearly continual warfare at sea. It was during this time that he was wounded at Calvi, on the Corsican coast, and lost the sight of his right eye. For the Old Dansker to have served aboard this ship -- to have been injured like Nelson himself -- is indeed a high honor.[9]
Apollo: An Olympian god who is the son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis. Generally, he is depicted as having outstanding beauty and great stature, especially distinguished by his long, curly, black hair. Most importantly, Apollo is the God of Light, in whom there can be no darkness, and the God of Truth, who can utter no lies. As Melville also, knew, Apollo was often linked to the creation of music and poetry (i.e. and literary art). The reference here serves to raise Billy's stature and inherent purity to Olympic proportions. [1]
Chiron and Achilles : Chiron the Centaur was the immortal son of Cronus and the Oceanid Philyra. He was friendly with humans and served as a tutor to Peleus, Achilles' father. When Peleus and Thetis were separated, his father entrusted the young Achilles to Chiron for his education. Under Chiron's tutelage, he learned the arts of the warrior, of hunting, and of medicine; he also learned how to sing and play the lyre. By the time of the Trojan war, he was the greatest Achaen warrior who was invincible save for one weakness: a vulnerability in his heel. (There are a couple of different stories about how Achilles became vulnerable.) For Melville, Achilles serves as a prime metaphor for Billy: strong, beautiful, beloved, yet suffering from one very significant flaw that will ultimately cost him his life.[9]
the Graces: Also called the Charites, the Graces were the personification of grace and beauty. They are generally depicted as three sisters who influence artistic and imaginative works. Billy is said to be favored by them once again raising his stature to near-supernatural levels.[2]
Hercules: The demigod son of Zeus and the mortal Alcemene whose very name evokes the idea of physical strength. He used his great abilities to perform the Twelve Labors, including killing the Nemean Lion, capturing the Ermanthian Boar, and freeing Prometheus. As he states explicitly, Melville uses Hercules as the prototypical strong man.[2]
Hesperides: The Hesperides, the Nymphs of the Setting Sun, were the three sisters who lived in the extreme west near the edge of the ocean at the foot of Mount Olympus. Their primary purpose was to guard Hera's garden where the golden apples grew. After Hercules successfully carried away the golden apples, they were turned into trees. Melville here refers to the painting by Renaissance artist Fra Angelico, The Garden of the Hesperides. Melville recalls the classical beauty of Fra Angelico's painting. [25]
Hyperion: The Titan who was god of the sun until Apollo defeated him. Once Again, Billy's comparison to a mythical figure serves to elevate his stature.[18]
Mars: In Billy Budd, Mars, the Roman god of war, is often paired with references to the Prince of Peace (see above), Jesus, from the Christian tradition. Melville's pairing of these figures suggests the irony underlying the Chaplain's role as a man of God -- a theoretical proponent of peace -- serving in war.[25]
Merlin: Unlike most of the other mythical figures inthe novel, Merlin derives from English folklore as opposed to the Greek or Roman traditions. He was the powerful sorcerer who served as teacher and guide to the young Arthur and later served as an adviser to the Knights of the Round table. The Dansker serves as an equivocating Merlin who invariably knows more than he is willing to reveal to the young Billy.[9]
Oracle at Delphi: The Oracle, associated with the god Apollo, was the place to which people came in search of prophecies. It was held to be the center of the world where a priestess of Apollo would deliver prophecies inspired by the trance inducing vapors that rose from a deep cleft in the rock. The intimacy between the gods and man that reigned at Delphi was believed ultimately to instruct man how to make peace with the gods; but the delivery of the oracular truths was often compromised by ambiguity -- while the prophecy was always true, it was not always clear. Melville focuses on the similar equivocal quality of the Dansker's oracular pronouncements. He too tells the truth; but for one such as Billy, the truth is not always comprehensible when hidden veiled by ambiguity.[16]
Orpheus: Orpheus, son of the muse Calliope, is the archetypal singer, musician, and poet. He was said to play and sing so sweetly that wild beasts would follow him, the trees and plants would bow down to him, and the wildest of men would be calmed by him. His skill was so great that he was allowed to descend to the underworld to bring out his wife, Eurydice, who had been carried off by Hades. The only condition was that he not turn to look at her until they left the underworld. Seized by doubt just before emerging from below, he turned to look at her, and she was swept away. For Vere, Orpheus represents the perfection of the measured forms of music. The reality of Orpheus' greatest failure, however, is not lost on Melville.[28]
Taurus and Aldebaran : In astrology, Taurus, or the Bull, is the second sign of the zodiac. People born under this sign are considered loyal, patient, trustworthy, and kind. Aldebaran is the brightest star in the constellation.[1]
Theseus: Theseus, the son of Aegeus and Aethra, was a great king of early Athens. He is also credited -- with Ariadne's help -- with defeating the Minotaur of Crete. The ship to which Melville refers is H.M.S. Theseus, the seventy-four commanded by Nelson in 1797 when he lost his arm. The ship also saw action at the Battle of the Nile the following year. [5]


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
The University at Buffalo has launched its 2013 UB Employees Campaign for the Community, with a goal of raising $850,000 for charitable organizations in the community.
UB's campaign is the most successful one of its kind in New York, and one of the top campaigns by a public university in the country.
Austin Booth, vice provost for university libraries, serves as campaign chair and is leading the university in the 37th year of the annual employee fundraising initiative.
"This annual campaign provides a unique opportunity for each of us to make an impact on the lives of many in our community," Booth said. "Our personal contributions reflect the commitment we have to those who live and work in Western New York. We are very fortunate to live in a community where people truly care about their neighbors."
Begun in 1976 as the State Employees Federated Appeal, the campaign provides the means for all UB employees to make contributions to qualified, nonprofit, charitable organizations rendering services to health, welfare and recreational programs throughout the region, state and world. The campaign theme is "Our Generosity Reaches Others." Over the past 10 years, UB employees have donated more than $8.7 million through the campaign to help people in need.
"UB employees are consistent in their outpouring of generosity and I am grateful to work at a university that cares for its community in such a meaningful way," Booth said.
UB President Satish K. Tripathi noted more than 65 percent of money raised by UB employees is designated for use in the Buffalo-Niagara region. "This represents a truly significant engagement with our community," he said. "This campaign sets the example of achievement that public universities should aspire to."
All employees are encouraged to participate in the campaign: Even a small donation can have a large impact in the community. A gift of $2 a week can provide one child with 52 days of high-quality, after-school programming; a gift of $5 a week can provide financial education to five low-income individuals/families.

subset: commoncrawl


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The dance and show group JEERK made a very popular guest appearance at last years Christmas Concert. The members have an extensive experience as musicians, singers, dancers and actors, and they all trained at Balettakademien in Gothenburg. They have performed in musicals, TV and movies, and are getting lots attention for their innovative and creative stage performances. This production is made for the Göteborg Opera, with Ballet Director Kevin Irving as an inspiring mentor.
4 guest performances 16-19 December 2004
Niklas Karlsson and Johan Regnell.


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Float On!
Looking for new team riders? Look no further! The Atlas Wake Series is providing a level of riding only Jr. Mens of the pro tour can rival. It has been a theme all year on the tour: the open division steals the show.
This stop, it was Icy Waves team rider Stephen Pierce once again reclaiming the top spot. His run could have placed in a pro division anywhere in the US with a stalefish roll to blind, crow mobe, toeside 7, backside 5, and switch toeside 7. Davis Prillaman and Gordon Harrison, who both rode amazing took second and third among 14 other incredible riders.
The pros showed up too, and Adam Fields also reclaimed his spot atop the podium. The sun had set on the event, but not on Adams ability to impress a hometown crowd. His first trick he cut hard and for the second time this year, broke his handle as he hit the wake. After a brief equipment change, Adam was back up and riding. The last run of the evening and just a silhouette to the crowd, he took 1st over a very good Alex Hamrick and Justin Sellers.
"This was the most wild wake event I have been to!" said Rob Mendieta. "There were so many boats, Red Bull DJSK, and Brad Holland was in full swing on the mic. I haven't had this much fun anywhere."
Smith Mountain Lake is one of the nicest lakes in the country. It provided a great weekend for the huge tie ups, houseboats, waterslides, beautiful women and great wakeboarding! This is an event to put on your calendar for next year.
The event hosted 100 riders, and over 1000 spectators on Smith Mountain Lake for the first ever all floating Atlas Wake Series event. Empire Wake and Wake n Skate Boardshop made quite a team for the largest event so far this year on the series.
The next Atlas Wake Series stop is Lake Norman, Charlotte NC September 19th and 20th. This is the third year the Empire Wake crew has hosted this ever growing event. It is one of the largest and most fun of all the stops.
For more info check out www.EmpireWake.com


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all you can eat.
10", mp3 album
delikatessen records. plate6
download "all you can eat" from
"regular cookies out-of-the-box are nice, of course, but it can get so much better. cookies dipped in hot chocolate, milk or soya vanilla-milk for instance. just a little bit, so they don't get too soft and fall to pieces." –myrza. toss out those stale old animal crackers and forget about the smell of your grandma's kitchen, because delikatessen's got a hot and gooey batch of new tunes from myrza! all you can eat is a 10-inch cookie with three glorious flavors baked in. the first bite, "lylt," is a rich mixture of bubbling hip-hop vocal samples and sweet uptempo bass bumps that tastes a little bit like prefuse 73 and the rest of the schematic label, but sonorous and chewy instead of digital and crumbly. after whetting your appetite on "lylt" you'll undoubtedly want a second helping, and that's where the goodness of "taksi" comes in with a scintillating chime melody that runs like a reverberating ribbon of pure milk chocolate through your ears. we ain't talkin' about no hershey's or nestle crap, either - "taksi"'s broken beat rhythms are so good it'll make your toes curl up. if your belly's not full yet, it certainly will be when you get to the last sumptuous cut, "lescal," a veritable explosion of clickpop confectionary with warm long-toned melodies, complete with colorful autechre-like glitch sprinkles on top. everyone at delikatessen agreed that if we didn't start selling all you can eat right this minute, we'd eat up all the myrza by ourselves. get yours now while they're hot! about the chefs: myrza's two members hail from luxembourg, where they've been making piping hot electronic music since they were barely out of the oven themselves. from what we can tell, they love to talk about their motherland, but because they've got this bizarre continental accent, all we can make out is some mumbling: "it's a nice little country, far from the usual agitation. nobody's bothering us there!" they're kinda funny in that they won't tell us their names, as they'd rather be known for cranking out these and other fine releases. plus, they both wear those poofy white chef's hats when they're baking up fresh tunes at the deli, so we can't really tell them apart anyway. and who cares when their little electro-baked gems sound this good? delikatessen sure doesn't - we just eat 'em up as fast as we can, and so should you!


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Friday, March 19, 2010
New prints! Some on wood too!
You guys are the best! I love each and every comment I read from you all.
I just wanted to let you know that I have added some new prints to my etsy shop. Some of my older prints will be phased out. I won't be reprinting some of the older designs, so get those while you can if there are some you've had your eye on. I have been adding brand new designs quite regularly. If you have missed out on a painting of mine you might be able to get it in print form.
I have also added SUPER CUTE mini wood prints! I really love them. Cute and small like little cookies :)
Wishing you all a sun-shiny weekend!
Check out my etsy shop for these items.
7 comments:
- Dean Grey said...
LOL at "they're like little cookies".
You're adorable, Tascha!
- March 20, 2010 at 2:20 PM
- Jennifer Conway said...
Hello! I love your blog (and work) so much that I've nominated it for an award! (here: http://jenniferconway.blogspot.com/2010/03/blog-award.html ). Thanks for continuing to brighten my days with your wonderful work! *smiles* ~Jen
- March 20, 2010 at 8:01 PM
- Fair Rosamund said...
So cute! Your paintings make me happy :) The little wood mounted prints are adorable!
- March 20, 2010 at 8:44 PM
- oldblackcatboo said...
WaaHoo! I'm heading over to your Etsy shop now!
- March 20, 2010 at 10:23 PM
- Lil 'ol me said...
Hi Tascha!
I have followed along for a while now... you have always been a major influence and source of inspiration. (plus I feel that anyone that can tolerate cold as well as I can deserves some major respect!)
I just wanted you to know that I am passing a lovely blog award onto you my dear. I know you must get them all the time and you don't need to accept but I thought you should know. Find out about it here.... http://carrieleewendt.blogspot.com/2010/03/am-i-on-red-carpet.html
- March 21, 2010 at 2:00 AM
- sinnlighet said...
Your blog ..... it's amazing and soooo inspiring. Nice to find you!
A small footprint from Agneta & Sweden
Ps. I have an ongoing jewelry contest on my blog. Welcome! Ds
- March 21, 2010 at 5:04 AM
- elsiee said...
LOVE the new prints, love them all actually!
- March 22, 2010 at 1:59 AM


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As good as the dish from the BMW stand in Detroit was, the stuff being tossed around at Mercedes was even better. Once again, Cammisa was committing it all to memory like some NSA supercomputer. For instance, an ex-AMG guy talking about the inevitable hot-rod C-Class.
"Sure, they only have to beat the M3's 425 hp. But if they can slaughter that, why not?"
- A former AMG executive
That's not all. Word is, the GLA AMG is better than the CLA AMG, don't dismiss the idea of a droptop S-Class, and the C63 AMG may not have standard AWD like the E-Class.
The full rundown is right here.


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Thursday, April 26, 2007
The Greek Easter Bread Tsoureki, 2007
Pretty, isn't it? It's the traditional Greek Easter bread tsoureki, using the little known spices mastic and mechlebe/mahlepi (you can see them both here) and usually garnished with red eggs*. I've made tsoureki before (twice, actually), to a great acclaim from a number of Greeks, and it has become a regular feature at my Easter table.
The recipe I've used on the previous occasions was an adapted from Paul Hollywood's book 100 Great Breads, and it (the adapted version, that is) worked just well. But as a kind friend had sent me a copy of Theodore Kyriakou's widely acclaimed book, The Real Greek at Home: Dishes from the Heart of the Greek Kitchen, then I decided to test another recipe for tsoureki instead this year. After all, Kyriakou is the Chef of the The Real Greek restaurant in London and hailed as the Greek chef and expert on the Hellenic cuisine in the UK. So his recipe should definitely please, no?
Well, it failed to do that. I should have got suspicious about the amount of spices. Whereas Hollywood used two pieces of mastic and a pinch of mahlepi per half a kilogram of flour, then Kyriakou used 3 pieces of mastic (that's fine), but a whopping 1.5 tsp of mahlepi - that's quite a difference from a pinch! This meant that these spices (plus the addition of star anise infusion) didn't just give a hint of musky spiciness to the bread, but utterly and totally hijacked the flavour, especially mahlepi. And whereas I love the subtle hint of mastic and mahlepi, then too much is simply too much. Also, Kyriakou's version asked for the inclusion of six whole eggs in the pastry, which may have explained the toughness of the resulting bread. Ok, I may have slightly over-kneaded the pastry, which explains why the bread looks a bit stretched on the photo above, but believe me, this was the least of the problems. It was just, blah, as some foodbloggers would say..
The moral of the story? Well, when something doesn't need fixing, then leave it alone. As simple as that.. Next year I'll try my old and trusted (that is, tested) recipe again :-)
The read egg on the photo was provided by the 5-year old Gretel. See here for more details.
5 comments:
Sometimes as a cook you have to use your knowledge of the spices & how you like things flavoured to make adjustments to recipes. I might try making this sometime soon.
- 10:36 am, April 26, 2007
- joey said...
I know sometimes I get to looking at a recipe thinking, "Hmmm?"
It does look good though :)
- 5:29 pm, April 26, 2007
- Margaret said...
Your bread looks amazing. I would have felt really proud of myself if I had made it.
- 8:29 pm, April 29, 2007
Pille - this bread looks amazing!! I rarely bake bread but this one is a must-try. Have you used a different pan this time? This round version looks very good.
- 9:01 pm, May 02, 2007
- Pille said...
Pene - I know that:-) But for some reason I thought that this Kyriakou guy must know what he's talking about Greek food better than I do...
Joey - I know! Usually I trust my gut feeling and change according to my preferences. I'll trust that gut feeling in the future again:-)
Margaret - thank you! If it only had tasted as nice as it looked:)
Cenk - I'm baking my tsoureki on a baking sheet, so that doesn't influence the shape:) But yes, whereas I've made a simple plaited bread on the previous occasions, then this time I made a plaited circle instead. Thanks for popping by!!
- 9:38 pm, May 02, 2007


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eBay listing leads Groton police to booty from utility
Groton - A cordless drill listed for sale on eBay last month led city police to an arrest and the recovery of more than $4,500 worth of equipment stolen from Groton Utilities.
James C. Murphy, 37, was charged Wednesday with first- and third-degree larceny and was arraigned in court on Thursday.
Murphy was working as a lineman for Groton Utilities last summer when he pilfered $6,500 worth of drills, chain saws and other specialized city-owned equipment, police said.
The cordless drill for sale on eBay by Gold Star Pawn in Groton still had a Groton Utilities sticker affixed to it - an immediate red flag for city Detective Paul Ruddy, who investigated the case.
Ruddy contacted the owner of the pawn shop and found out the drill was listed for sale after Murphy defaulted on a loan. Pawn shops typically will take an item as collateral for a loan and will retain ownership of the item if the money is not repaid in a certain amount of time. They keep records of all transactions.
Murphy admitted to some of the thefts, telling police he needed money to support a growing pain medication and heroin addiction that developed over the summer, according to the arrest warrant affidavit in the case. He told police he since has received narcotics addiction treatment and has been rehabilitated.
After conducting an inventory in February, Groton Utilities officials reported that among the items discovered missing were an $800 Fluke 787 ProcessMeter electronic testing tool and a Hilti hammer drill with bits and case worth $2,600.
Police said they found Murphy had made multiple transactions with the pawn shop since the summer, "including tools that are consistent with what is provided to a lineman employed by Groton Utilities."
Gold Star's records showed Murphy had pawned the $800 metering tool in August and had redeemed the item in November but had not returned it to the Groton Utilities electrician vehicle, police said. The tool is still unaccounted for.
Murphy and his former girlfriend have returned several other items to police.
At his appearance in New London Superior Court Thursday, Judge John J. Nazzaro released Murphy on a $10,000 nonsurety bond with the understanding that he is to cooperate with an alternative incarceration program and to submit to drug testing.
He is scheduled to return to court on April 5 to make a plea. He does not yet have an attorney, according to court records.
Groton Utilities Director Paul Yatcko declined to comment on the case and would not say whether Murphy was still an employee.
Watch Live: New London vs. Bacon Acadmey in ECC girls' basketball final
Fitch's Amara Robinson: from broken back to all-state cheerleader
College trustee quits over Nazi uniform yearbook photo from 1980


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Paradox Interactive gains bonus points for holiday cheer, having delivered not one but three different holiday cards featuring artwork from their upcoming real-time strategy title, Majesty 2: The Fantasy Kingdom Sim.
Due out the first quarter of next year, Majesty 2 is the sequel to Cyberlore's Majesty: The Fantasy Kingdom Sim, which was an RTS featuring a purposefully clichéd fantasy role-playing realm. All of the old fantasy standards are included, including hulking ogres, creepy skeletons, and dashing rogues, all of which are represented in these three cards, suitable for sharing with your loved ones, who will probably look at you funny and mouth the word "Okay" slowly when you turn around.
Still, it's the thought that counts, isn't it?


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It's safe! Our website is secure and protected. Student and donor information is not given out to any third
parties. Plus, students don't need to handle any checks or cash because donations are made online.
It saves time! Raising money online makes the money-counting experience faster and easier for you! Instead
of collecting cash and checks to sort through, students print their online Gift History Report, which states
how much money they raised, and enclose that in their collection envelopes. Plus, donors who make their
contributions online are automatically emailed a donation receipt.
It's effective! Students AND schools on average raise three times more money online than through collecting
checks or cash. By using online fundraising, your students can help raise more money to save lives.
It's easy! It takes just a few simple clicks for students to join their school's online team (which has already
been set up for you by the American Heart Association). After joining, students will have fun personalizing web
pages by uploading their photo and more!
It's fun! Students are able to see how they are progressing toward their personal fundraising goals, and they
can also see how their school is progressing toward the team goal.
It saves lives! Students can select email templates that include lifesaving information, including warning
signs for heart attack and stroke, to educate family and friends.
Make Fundraising as Easy as Possible-Check Out Our Interactive Tools!
Facebook Fundraising
Parents can spread the word about Jump Rope For Heart or Hoops For Heart through
social media like Facebook. A link included on their profile allows their friends to donate.
YouTube Tutorial Videos
You and your students can watch our short tutorial videos about our Online Fundraising features. These videos are also available on your promotional DVD.


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A new set of racy photos threaten to further tarnish Miley Cyrus' not-so picture-perfect image.
The Disney starlet, who vowed to stay away from naughty photo shoots, was photographed posing provocatively in pictures posted on Twitter by the producer of her latest film.
Producer Adam Shankman, 44, published photos of the 16-year-old starlet pouting while she straddles a chair in shorts and a tight vest. A second photo shows the smoldering starlet pressing up against the filmmaker in images he apparently took on the set of her latest film "The Last Song."
"Little photo shoot with the girl," he wrote under the first photo.
The filmmaker, who directed Disney star Zac Efron in "Hairspray" and is producing the starlet's new movie, defended the photos Monday and said there was nothing inappropriate about the risque shoot.
"Miley is a sweet angel who works tirelessly and endlessly, and is allowed to have fun in the make up room!" Adam Shankmanposted on his Twitter page. "Seriously! Lighten up or no more behind the scenes pics! She's like my angel little sister."
This is not the first time the pint-sized star has gotten into hot water for racy photos. She is has been photographed in her underwear in pictures that appeared on Twitter and stirred controversy when she appeared in pictures striking a "slant-eye" pose on the micro-blogging site.
In an issue of Vanity Fair last year, Miley posed topless for the magazine with a blanket wrapped around her chest in photos taken by Annie Leibovitz. She was 15 at the time.
"I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be 'artistic' and now, seeing the photographs and reading the story, I feel so embarrassed," Miley said in a statement last April.


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"The solution for the modern GOP . . . Intellectual ammunition for the modern conservative movement." —SENATOR RAND PAUL
How can America recover from economic stagnation, moral exhaustion, and looming bankruptcy? Donald J. Devine—a longtime adviser to Ronald Reagan—shows us the way in this timely and compelling book.
The problem, Devine demonstrates, is that progressivism has corrupted modern political thinking in both parties. Big government has failed so terribly that even the leading progressive expert on welfare-state bureaucracy admits, "The federal government can no longer guarantee the faithful execution of our laws." And yet political leaders still call for more of the same old —more money poured into more government programs. This persistent progressive faith in the state has obscured the secret of America's success: the Constitution's capacity to harmonize the twin ideals of freedom and tradition.
America's Way Back makes a powerful case for the philosophical synthesis of freedom and tradition that Ronald Reagan said was the essence of modern conservatism. Devine explains how the Constitution's framers crafted a flexible system well suited to harmonizing freedom and tradition, and how managing the inherent tension between these two ideals has been the source of America's historic creativity and prosperity. He also reveals where things went wrong, and why.
Devine explodes the common view that marrying traditional and libertarian thought is nothing more than political calculation. Without a deep philosophical commitment to harmonizing freedom and tradition, neither of these ideals can long survive.
In making the case for twenty-first-century "fusionism," America's Way Back updates the insights of Frank Meyer, the theorist Reagan specifically credited with "fashioning a vigorous synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought." Devine shows that, just as the fusionism of Meyer and William F. Buckley Jr. led to the conservative revival in the 1960s, a new harmony between freedom and tradition will revive America today.
Additional Information
|ISI Books
|What They're Saying...
"Devine spells out the solution for the modern GOP—a fusion of the best of conservative ideas with those of the liberty movement, all rooted in the Constitution. This book provides plenty of intellectual ammunition for the modern conservative movement."
—Senator Rand Paul
"Both enjoyable and compelling. Informed by the insights of James Madison, Adam Smith, and Alexis de Tocqueville—and William F. Buckley Jr., Frank Meyer, and Ronald Reagan—Devine shows how we can recover what we have lost. America's Way Back is an intellectual journey to be savored."
—Mark Levin, #1 bestselling author of Liberty and Tyranny, nationally syndicated radio host
"Prepare for enlightenment. . . . The [story] that Mr. Devine narrates aptly, informatively, is engaging as a summons to look around, look back, ask the vital question: Are conservatives doing the very, very best they can?"
—Washington Times
"The timing is right for [Devine's] new book America's Way Back. It lays out the course for a conservative intellectual renewal, to renew the nation by renewing her best traditions. . . . Reagan had a heckuva lieutenant in Don Devine. It is good to see him now mentoring the next generation of conservative leaders."
—L. Brent Bozell III, syndicated columnist
"Intellectual yet highly readable . . . Devine has plenty of such instructive analysis and anecdotes to bolster his points. . . . You will learn about concepts your university should have introduced to you, only now via Devine's graceful writing, incisive analysis, instructive anecdotes, and a plan to restore America's greatness."
—Human Events
"A tour-de-force critique of the failed progressive policies Obama loves . . . Devine captures the challenge America faces. . . . We need to listen to people like Devine who are calling us back to a simpler, less complicated system of governance that allows decisions to be made at the local and state levels. If we don't listen, if we just doggedly insist that the solution is to re-order, reform and re-imagine our failed programs, then we'll end up going the way of the Titanic."
—Floyd Brown, Capitol Hill Daily
"An exceptional work, packed with insights from a variety of fields including history, philosophy, public administration, and political science. America's Way Back deserves a wide reading. . . . Really a great one."
"There are gems of insight and information in Don's book. . . . You will gain more insight into the way we are governed today—and why—than [from] a whole shelf of comparable books on history, economics, the Constitution, the rule of law, the role of religion and other American traditions."
—Warning Signs
"I have long believed that the fusionist conservatism of Frank Meyer made for splendid politics (as in Ronald Reagan's two presidential campaigns) but for poor and incoherent political philosophy. America's Way Back forces me to reconsider. Devine argues persuasively that the synthesis of traditional Western values with individual human freedom has intellectual and moral integrity as the foundation for ordered liberty."
—Allan C. Carlson, president of Howard Center for Family, Religion, and Society
"A philosophical, historical, and political tour de force. Must reading—an outstanding book that will be around for a long time to come."
—Lee Edwards, author of William F. Buckley Jr.: The Maker of a Movement
"At last someone has produced a worthy successor to Frank Meyer's classic In Defense of Freedom."
—Edwin J. Feulner, the Heritage Foundation
"America's Way Back follows on the work of my father, Frank Meyer, showing that libertarianism and traditionally oriented conservatism, while sometimes conflicting in specific policy areas, are complementary and vital as bulwarks of the West."
—Eugene B. Meyer, president of the Federalist Society
"Too many conservatives have forgotten that freedom and tradition, limited government and conservative morality, stand or fall together. Devine's fine new book, a vigorous defense of fusionism, provides a much-needed reality check. If conservatives want to win again—and want to deserve to win again—they need to listen to Devine."
—Edward Feser, associate professor of philosophy at Pasadena City College, author of The Last Superstition
"A trenchant critique of the flaws and failures of statist progressivism—and a powerful case for a revived conservative alternative. Conservatives of all stripes—and progressives too—will benefit from a close reading of this discerning and very timely book."
—George H. Nash, author of The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945
"A brilliant analysis of the major factors that have contributed to our nation's decline. A very timely effort on perhaps the most critical issue of our time."
—George W. Carey, professor of government, Georgetown University
"A marvelous book. Read America's Way Back if you fear ignorance and celebrate righteous, moral, intellectual knowledge."
—Craig Shirley, author of Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America
|Eligible for Readers Club Discount


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Choosing The Right Trail Tools - Arm Yourself!Posted in How To on July 1, 2009
We have had enough experience with crappy, half-built, or half-resurrected Jeeps over the years that we are uniquely qualified to help just about anyone. We aren't bright enough to know when to say when and leave those piles of Jeeps at home, and not take them off into the woods. So, that leaves us uniquely qualified to fix basically anything with nothing, especially in the dirt, and especially well enough to get back to camp.
Like anything else, trial-and-error is the surest way to learn and retain anything, and tool selection is no different. More tools mean more weight and more weight affects how well the Jeep does off-road. Taking every tool you own is not the way to go. The key is to carry vital tools, and a few things to help you repair the unforeseen problems too.
We can't tell you exactly what tools you need for your specific Jeep. You would know better than us if you need an 8mm socket or an offset-head wrench. The tools we list here aren't the end-all, be-all of tool sets, they are basic tools, that with some ingenuity, and the correct spare parts, can get you off any trail. So, here is our basic tool kit that we've used and abused and still like to have with us. This is a bare-bones kit with a few options that you should carry in your Jeep at all times to be prepared for whatever comes your way.
5PhotosView Slideshow


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Click for larger image
Knowing What You Know Now - Vinyl + T-Shirt Bundle
Availability: In stock
Price as configured: $0.00
- Details
The Marmozets Knowing What You Know Now bundle here contains the album on an exclusive blue colored vinyl, with a white t-shirt featuring the album art.
1) Play
2) Habits
3) Meant To Be
4) Major System Error
5) Insomnia
6) Lost In Translation
7) Start Again
8) Like A Battery
9) New Religion
10) Me & You
11) Suffocation
12) Run With The Rhythm
Please visit our FAQs page to see if your question has already been answered.
There is a link to our contact us form at the bottom if you still need your question answered.


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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Monday, April 19, 2010
Album Cover Art: "... the final criteria of the success of an album cover [is] what will best sell the product"
The concept of album cover art is the responsibility of the art director and the A&R (artist and repetoire) man. When the A&R man has determined the content of the recording, the art director is called in for a discussion on the particular objective of the recording. He in turn must decide how the concept can best be realized, keeping in mind the relation of esthetics and sales potential.
Should the art be photographic, a painting or drawing, largely typographic, or a woodcut ort engraving?
The decision must be based on what will best sell the product, for this is the final criteria of the success of an album cover.
With this his prime consideration, the art director may make a series of thumbnail sketches to decide whether to commission a painter, illustrator, photographer, or graphic designer. If a painting, illustration, or graphic art is used, the artist will, in most cases, submit full-size colour sketches for approval before executing the finished art.
If the concept calls for a color photograph, the photographer may be shown the sketches, or he may just be given verbal instructions. Closely following a pre-conceived approach often results in an unconvincing and stilted picture which lacks spark and vitality, and the photographer often achieves better results when he is allowed creative latitude.
Finally the art work, whether painting or photography, is turned over to layout artists, mechanical men and typographers, working under the supervision of the art director, for completion.
* My Illustrated Album Covers Flickr set.
7 comments:
These are great...and I love the insight!ReplyDelete
I actually own the Dean Martin, Sinatra and Spike Jones albums pictured here...makes me want to frame them and put them on my wall!
Leif, the Sinatra cover was illustrated by George Bartell, an L.A. illustrator who started his career around 1960. I met him while I was attending Art Center College in 62, not long after he had graduated, and was asked to do a show and tell presentation for the illustration department.ReplyDelete
He quickly became one of the top illustrators in Southern California. He did a dramatic series of montage posters of different National Football League teams which was outstanding. He became a master of the rain storm school of painting (bold acrylic washes, with loose free charcoal under-drawing on textured gessoed illustration board. The Sinatra portrait is a little tighter than his typical style). The posters were reproduced quite large, and sold as both mail order and in retail sports and print stores.
Tom Watson
I've been reading your series on album covers and I'm loving it. As you know I've been working on an album cover lately, so I found this blog entry particularly interesting. I hope my cover for Unicorpse will sell the product ;)ReplyDelete
One of my favorite album covers of all time is by Frank Frazetta, painted for a Jonathan Winters comedy album, "Movies Are Better Than Ever." It featured Winters as the various 1930's-era movie characters (gangster, monster, great white hunter, Robin Hood) that he imitates on the album - and Frazetta captures Winters PERFECTLY in each role.ReplyDelete
Love them, wow.ReplyDelete


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2007-07-18 / Schools/Sports
Fowl Ball! Weekly report on the DUCKS
Massapequa Native Represents Ducks at 2007 All-Star Game
Long Island Ducks outfielder Kevin Haverbusch joined three of his teammates last week at Lancaster's Clipper Magazine Stadium to take part in the 2007 Atlantic League All Star Game.
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If it did not have such serious consequences, it would be almost funny to see how we--that is, human beings--make the same mistakes over and over again. We don't like change, and even as recent history proves how fatal avoidance can be, we still try to get away with holding on to obsolete habits and strategies.
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Lately, I have been observing general attitudes toward social networks. Numerous people in leadership positions around me have nothing but negative things to say about "those silly networks where young people share the most mundane information." I don't say that these naysayers are entirely wrong, but social networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter can also be used as powerful marketing tools. It is always up to you what you do with the tools you receive. I have met many great thinkers on these sites. They gracefully refrain from mundane chitchat while ensuring their human connection with others. And, at the same time, they promote their product, whether it's a service, a tangible object, or a thought.
Personally, I have discovered in the past months how valuable these social networks can be. My book, Joy at Work, Work at Joy: Living and Working Mindfully Every Day, was published in June, and I used the Internet to do intensive marketing for it. I used YouTube, my website, e-mail and virtual book communities, but also Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter to tell the world about this new product. I was amazed at the results.
Benchmarking from the best practices of fellow authors, I targeted one particular day to create major hype about the product by asking all my contacts on these networks to purchase the book. I could not believe the effect! The book shot from rank 475,578 to 8,059 in the general category at Amazon.com, and even made number 50 on the 100 bestsellers in happiness books that day. Now, that's a record for a site where millions of titles are available. Ten years ago, this wouldn't have been possible without a penny of investment. But I have proof now, and I feel compelled to share it with other entrepreneurial thinkers.
You can find something good and something bad to say about almost anything in the world. But it's a gift to see and use the good, and leave the bad for what it is. Why remain skeptical about revolutionary trends and fall behind while others are making headway with relatively little effort?
These online sources can serve as great networks, which they were initially created for, but also as great sources of inspiration. Seeing what others are doing in your field opens your mind to new ideas and insights without the need for travel. Google, Atlassian and other wakeful corporations already understand that, but many employers still prohibit employees from visiting social networks at their work computers for fear they won't get their work done. In response, I cite McGregor's Theory X vs. Theory Y managers: If you expect your people to do the wrong thing, that's probably what they'll do. But if you let them feel that you believe in their intelligence and sense of responsibility, then that's what they will show you most of the time. It's a self-fulfilling prophecy.
So why fight the innate human need to connect? Today, you can be connected to the world even if you're an introvert (I include myself in that classification). Opposing social networks will not make them go away; too many people use them. And while many don't utilize these sources as stepping stones toward their final goals, plenty of people do. I see them every day when I check out my pages on these networks.
Fortunately, it seems that more people are starting to get the message. I receive new friend requests on a daily basis. That indicates to me that the movement is growing. And even when you're not thinking commercially, it's great to connect with other human beings from all over the world, isn't it? I have reunited with friends online whom I had not talked with in 30 or 40 years. I have found new friends, and I am not blind to the fact that, in today's hectic world of work and stress, social networks can be a blessing for lonely souls seeking companionship. If you read the notes on "Did You Know?" through YouTube, you can see how many marriages these days are the result of social networking sites.
So can we really afford to ignore or reject social networking sites? Who, ultimately, will be the loser?
Joan Marques, Ed.D., is the author of Joy at Work, Work at Joy: Living and Working Mindfully Every Day and co-editor of The Workplace and Spirituality: New Perspectives on Research and Practice. Marques is co-founder of the Business Renaissance Institute and the Academy of Spirituality and Professional Excellence. She is an awareness coach for business leaders and the author of more than 200 scholarly and popular articles.


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Mayor Don Wesely said today that Lincoln citizens will be better served as the result of a partnership between the City of Lincoln and the J.D. Edwards Honors Program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Over the past two semesters, a UNL student team has developed ServiceLinc, a prototype computer system to track and respond to the concerns of constituents.
"As the City grows, the number of citizens who have questions and concerns about City government grows too," said Mayor Wesely. "I created the position of City Ombudsman in July 1999 to open up City government. This new computer tool will further increase the responsiveness of local government to the citizens."
City Ombudsman Lin Quenzer, who will administer ServiceLinc, said her office handles 100 to 145 cases a week. ServiceLinc will help to maintain constituent contact information, will allow concerns to be prioritized and will aid in following up on concerns. For those issues that involve more than one City department, ServiceLinc will centralize the effort, reduce duplication and increase efficiency. The Ombudsman will be better able to review the history of cases and resolve citizen issues.
"With this system, we will be able to generate statistics that will tell us the greatest areas of concern," said Wesely. "That information is very valuable as City leaders look toward making policy and budget decisions. The students who worked on this project can take pride in the fact that their work will directly benefit the citizens of this community."
Members of the J.D. Edwards Honors Program student design team were Anees Dhala, Jon Kokulil, Alan Grow, Matt Heller, Scott Krull, Christy Linnell, Stephanie Mahlin, Daniel Mason-D'Croz and Tom Rice. Faculty and staff involved were Steve Forget, Suzette Person, Dr. Scott Swenseth and Dr. Scott Henninger.
The Information Services Division of the Finance Department assisted in development of ServiceLinc. The initial group of departments using the prototype are the City Attorney's Office; Building and Safety; Public Works and Utilities; and the Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department. All City departments and divisions will eventually be involved, and the system may be made commercially available to other local governments.
Media Release


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Lincoln Mayor Don Wesely said today the $260,000 a year awarded to the Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department will have a significant positive impact on the health of the community. The Health Department received state grants for its Children's Environmental Health Protection Initiative and its Nurturing Parents Project. They were two of the first projects receiving grants from the Excellence in Health Care Cash Fund, which was created from the state's share of the 1998 federal tobacco settlement.
"Community health is a priority in Lincoln, especially for our children," Mayor Wesely said. "This funding will help us address the infant mortality issue and the environmental hazards our children may face every day."
The Children's Environmental Health Protection Initiative is scheduled to receive $145,000 a year for three years. It is designed to reduce the incidence of illness and disease in children caused by exposures to environmental health hazards and toxins. The first year of the grant will focus on a community education effort to increase public awareness of the health risks. The primary goal of the education campaign is to identify and take action against exposures in homes, schools and neighborhoods.
The second and third years of the program will be dedicated to improving medical assessment of common environmental hazards and exposures. The Health Department will work closely with the medical community to increase knowledge on why environmental toxins pose greater health risks to children than adults; what common pathways of exposure exist; and what actions can be taken to reduce these health risks. A final component of the program will offer in-home environmental health assessments and action steps to minority and low-income families.
The goal of the Nurturing Parents Project, which is scheduled to receive $115,000 a year for three years, is to reduce infant mortality. In 1998, the Lincoln and Lancaster County infant mortality rate was 8 percent, which is higher than the state rate of 7.3 percent and the national rate of 7.2 percent. Factors such as smoking, financial stress, domestic violence, teen pregnancy and substance abuse can negatively impact the health of a pregnant mother and newborn. The project will provide intensive home visitation by public health nurses to 900 at-risk pregnant women each year. Because families from racial and ethnic minority communities have a higher risk of infant mortality, the priority for intervention will be in minority populations.


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Four audience members are each asked to thing of something. One a number, another a color, antoher a girl's name and the last a playing card.
Their selections are written down and clipped to a handsome clear plastic board. The board is then inserted into a frame.
These selections are in full view at all time!
The magician correctly predicts each item and each paper is removed from the board to verify it is correct!
Do you own this product? Write a review.


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Tummy-slimming panel
Stretch Fabric
Sits at waist, 10 3/4" front rise
Straight leg, 15 1/2 opening
Imported from USA
Go Forth The Levi's® brand embodies a pioneering spirit that is always driven to innovate. Levi's jeans
have been worn by presidents and ranchers, Americans and Russians, doctors and outlaws, kings and coal miners. They are
a common thread with a common promise: to provide quality clothing in which to Go Forth™.


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The California sugar beet industry has declined from more than 300,000 acres and 10 processing plants 40 years ago to about 50,000 acres and 2 processors today. Increasing sugar on the world market, static prices to growers and the high cost of farming in California have whittled this once Goliath of an industry down to a David-sized group of only the best growers. The folks left in the game have to aim their slingshots with increasing precision to maintain profitable yields and no area is more critical than nitrogen management.
Dozens of California sugar beet trials going back for more than 30 years have proven that maximum sugar yields are dependant on knowing the nitrogen (N) and water dynamics of the particular field you're farming. A "one-size-fits-all" approach for every field does not work. In these past studies, the highest sugar yields were obtained with N fertilizer rates ranging from 0 to 240 pounds per acre. Maximum profit (not always maximum sugar) was obtained with irrigation cutoffs of 30 to 50 days. In the absence of any other field specific information, a 160 pounds per acre level of N fertilizer and a 30 day cutoff gave the best average performance.
It takes about 8.5 pounds of N to make a ton of sugar beets — 350 pounds per acre for a 40-ton crop. Most of this usually comes from residual N in the soil, but the trick is to know how much additional N fertilizer to apply. Too little fertilizer and you lose tonnage; too much and you have excessive nitrates at harvest which depress sugar percentage and make sugar crystallization more difficult.
Kern field sampling
In 2001 and 2002 six Kern County, Calif., grower production fields were intensively sampled for soil and plant N levels and instrumented with soil moisture monitors to look at optimizing irrigation and N management on clay to sandy loam soils. Beets were planted and watered in October and harvested in June and July. Over the total of 24 sites monitored in these fields root tonnage varied from 32 to 64 tons per acre with 12.9 percent to 16.9 percent sugar for final sugar yields of 10,000 to 19,000 pounds per acre.
Soil nitrate-N reserves in the top 3 feet of soil ran from 50 to 450 pounds per acre. Soil samples at the end of harvest showed that total N (soil residual plus applied fertilizer) down to a depth of 9 feet had been depleted by 230 to 585 pounds per acre. Fertilizer applications ranged from 125 to 240 pounds per acre.
In general, root tonnage increased and percent sugar content decreased with increasing soil nitrate-N. The highest total field yield was 47 tons per acre roots at 15.1 percent sugar for a total of 14,179 pounds per acre sugar.
A 15 percent sugar content is the unspoken criteria of the processor. Below this, the grower receives no premium and net profits start to fall. Percent sugar content was significantly correlated with mid-February soil nitrate-N and fell below 15 percent when the concentration was more than 20 ppm (240 pounds per acre) in the top 3 feet. Four to six in-season irrigations were optimal, depending on soil type.
2003 soil sample
In mid-February 2003 a composite soil sample to 3 feet was taken from every sugar beet field in Kern County in order to determine the district-wide diversity of residual soil nitrate-N and its impact on yield and sugar content. Out of 63 contract fields, 43 were in the lower residual nitrate-N category below 20 ppm, 14 were between 20 and 30 ppm and 16 were greater than 30 ppm. Seven fields, from the lowest soil nitrate-N at 9 ppm to the highest at 99 ppm were chosen for additional petiole monitoring over the season. Only one field (with a 48 ppm soil nitrate-N) maintained plant petiole nitrate-N above 1,000 ppm after mid-May — usually a cause for low sugar percentage for a July harvest. But this field had a 14.1 percent sugar content and better tonnage than another field that had a mid-February soil nitrate-N of only 16 ppm and ended up with a 13.7 percent sugar.
District-wide beet tonnage ranged from 19 to 59 tons per acre and 12.2 to 17.4 percent sugar. Unlike the 2001 and 2002 trials, the sugar percentage was only weakly correlated to the mid-February soil nitrate-N content. However, the threshold was the same where sugar percentage sugar was less than 15 percent, on average, when this value was greater than 20 ppm for the 7 intensively sampled fields. For the entire district this threshold was 29 ppm.
Only two statistically significant relationships were apparent in this regional sampling effort:
An average plant population of 45,000 plants per acre yielded 40 tons per acre of roots.
Sugar percentage decreased rapidly when root pulp nitrate at harvest increased; dropping below 15 percent with concentrations more than 126 ppm.
Final recommendations: For fall planted beets, apply no more than 50 pounds per acre N fertilizer at planting. Sample the soil to a depth of 3 feet in February making one composite sample from 10 to 12 locations per field.
Where soil nitrate-N is greater than 30 ppm do not sidedress fertilizer, for 20 to 30 ppm sidedress 50 pounds per acre, 15 to 20 ppm sidedress 80 pounds per acre and less than 15 ppm sidedress 120 pounds per acre.
Watch beet petiole nitrate-N and water-run 30 to 40 pounds per acre N if it falls below 1,500 before mid-April. Do not water-run after this time or you will depress sugar content for a July harvest.


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- Location: pheonix
- Join Date: 6/11/2010
- Posts: 1,114
- Member Details
I have several things I need from the community for the project.
-Beta Testers
-Spell Creator (DATA)
-Voice Actor
I would also like to get somebody to create a short 1 minute video showing off some of the key features including the night and day system, the random city construction, the car, the hotel, the merchant, and the quests.
I would also like somebody in their free time to create a loading screen that would look good that had the title "Immortal: Sci-Fi Evolution" preferably the loading screen have the immortal unit in it even though the map has nothing to do with the immortal, people might catchthe pun...


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SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is an effective way to drive traffic to your site for a very low cost per customer. However good rankings are the result of expertise, patience, and hard work.
We adheres to the search engine guidelines for search engine optimization. We focus on ranking your site on top search engines and portals such as Yahoo!, Google, Lycos, AltaVista, HotBot, MSN, WebCrawler, AOL, Netscape search (Netfind), and ODP/dmoz, which account for the majority of searches performed on the Web.
Over time, our 'SEO' process increases your rank on keywords specific to your product or service.
- Dissatisfied with your current SEO company?
- You are a SEO company looking to employ SEO professionals?
- Web designing company looking to start SEO business?
- You want to hire in-house SEO professionals?
- You want to see our SEO work / Ranking Report?
Our SEO services include:
Keyword Identification
We identify the highest requested keywords that match your business. In our experience, a high ranking in large numbers of less competitive keywords result in quicker placement and better traffic than an average rank on competitive keywords.
Competitive Analysis
We identify the top-ranked sites for your target keywords and reverse-engineer their sites to emulate and eventually surpass their success.
Page Content Optimization
'Search engines' give better placement to those sites containing content relevant to the keywords. We will analyze your site content and recommend changes or additions to improve your site's ranking.
Search Engine Submission
We submit your pages to all relevant search engines and manage ongoing submission of updated pages.
Inbound Link Development
Today, some search engines use link popularity – the number of links on the Web pointing to your site – to give sites favorable placement. We identify relevant sites to place links in and solicit the links from them.


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When should an organization start looking at grants?
Would it surprise you to know that some nonprofits have never, and will never, turn to grant funding as part of their development plan?
I have worked with nonprofits that have been around for 50 years and are just now venturing into the grant world. They usually take the journey because of the economy, not because they want to rely on grants.
So, don't assume just because you are a nonprofit organization, you are 'supposed' to apply for and rely on grants. This is not the case. Many experts in the field agree that a healthy nonprofit should never depend on grant funding for more than 30 percent of its total operating budget.
Consider the following to determine when your organization should start looking at grants:
- If you are in a place where you have met your capacity (staff, space, program, etc.), then it might be time to look at capacity building grants so you can grow.
- If you have a capital campaign, you may consider making grants a portion of that campaign to ensure its success and speedy completion.
- If you are in a field where long-term funding sources have been cut or eliminated, then you may need to look to grant funding until you can rework your game plan for sustainability.
- If you have programs or projects that are excelling at what they do and you feel grants may highlight some of these opportunities and allow you to serve more in your field, perhaps it is time to research what is available in terms of grant dollars.
- If you have to 'create' a program or project to fit a grant you have found, ask yourself why you want to pursue those funds. Chasing dollars is never a good idea. Decide on your needs, list them, understand them, and then research grants that match those needs.
- If your organization has a budget or a previous year's budget in the red, you may not want to begin writing grants until you have a few years in the black. Donors will see you as a risk and often will not look favorably upon your request.
- If your organization is in its infancy, you may find seed money to support your work. Often donors require organizations to demonstrate their history of success prior to considering funding. In many cases, donors may require 3-5 years of successful programming. So, despite a perfect fit on paper, you may not qualify due to the amount of time you have been providing services.
There are many nuances to consider before beginning to utilize grant writing as part of your annual fundraising plan. But, there is also a lot to consider each year before you decide to continue grant writing in your fundraising plan, or removing it, decreasing the dollars you hope to raise through grants, or reducing the dollars you need. Your reliance on grants should be strategic. I recommend consulting with peers or other development professionals to help analyze your organizational needs before making these decisions.
If you need an easy way to get your documents in order for grant writing, we have a free Grant Readiness Checklist you can download and make your own. This tool will help you track each item you will need for a majority of applications and save you time and energy as you begin preparing winning proposals.
Join Mandy on Thursday April 19 for her free webinar "Money to Match Your Mission: Identifying and Applying for Grant Funds", and delve further into the world of grant writing.
MANDY PEARCE is a grant writing expert, executive coach, and national fundraising trainer who launched Funding for Good, Inc. in 2009 to equip organizations with the skills and tools needed to become successful and sustainable. Mandy has taken her passion and expertise for fundraising to the development field and shared it with individuals and organizations for over 21 years. Her dynamic teaching style brings thousands of people annually to her presentations at conventions, trainings, and workshops. Mandy lives in Hickory, NC with her husband and their rescue dogs, Leo and Dalli, who share her enthusiasm for the outdoors.


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Doubt And Insecurity Loom As Egypt Goes To The Polls
Beginning Tuesday, Egyptians are going to the polls in a two-day referendum on a draft constitution. The Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamist groups are boycotting the vote, and fears of violence have meant heavy security at polling centers.
Doubt And Insecurity Loom As Egypt Goes To The Polls
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Audie Cornish.
And I'm Melissa Block.
Egyptians went to the polls today at the start of a two-day referendum on a draft constitution. The day was marred by violence in parts of the country. At least 11 people were killed, as protesters boycotting the vote clashed with police. Egypt remains deeply polarized - on one side, supporters of the military, and on the other, those who back ousted President Mohamed Morsi and his Muslim Brotherhood. NPR's Leila Fadel sent this report.
LEILA FADEL, BYLINE: At a polling station in central Cairo, women - young and old - lined up to cast their ballots. They chatted excitedly among themselves, and they all agreed they would vote yes - yes to the constitution and yes to the military. Maha Mutawah waited in line with her friends.
MAHA MUTAWAH: It's important because you want your country to be stable. You want the investment to come. You want the tourism to start to work. We don't have this all the time. We have chaos.
FADEL: She says a yes vote will secure Egypt, and so will a new president. That election will likely come next. I ask if they have anyone in mind for the presidency. Mutawah and her friend, Nazly El Triedy, started to giggle.
MUTAWAH: Well, there is a person who - the whole nation love him. This is al-Sissi. We need a strong president at the moment to be able to keep the country together.
FADEL: That's military chief General Abdel Fattah al-Sissi, the man who led the coup last July that ousted President Mohamed Morsi.
FADEL: Sissi spent the day touring polling stations where he waved at cheering voters. Prior to the referendum, Sissi was quoted in state media saying that if Egyptians requested it, he might run for president. A big turnout and a yes to the constitution may be the request Sissi spoke of. It is still too early to gauge turnout in the referendum. But in tours of several polling stations today, no one acknowledged casting a no vote.
At another polling station in central Cairo, the minister of scientific research, Ramzy Estino, stood in line to cast his ballot.
RAMSY ESTINO: If you are Egyptian, you have to go for the referendum and say yes.
FADEL: For analysts, the minister's comments highlight how little space there is for dissent. Prior to the referendum, some people who campaigned for a no vote where arrested. Analysts question whether the vote can be fair when one part of society is excluded, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is now banned and labeled a terrorist organization. Nathan Brown is a political science and international affairs professor at George Washington University.
NATHAN BROWN: The outcome could reflect the will of the majority of the Egyptian people. But it's still hard to call it a free and fair election.
FADEL: Brown says while most Egyptians support the military, the results of the vote will likely further divide Egypt.
BROWN: Egypt is embarking on a dangerous path in which important political actors are sitting out or being pushed out - a combination - and that that's not a recipe for stability.
FADEL: There was violence in parts of the country today. A bomb detonated outside a courthouse in northern Giza just before polls opened. And police clashed with protesters boycotting the constitution, mostly supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood.
FADEL: In one bastion of support for the Brotherhood, the village of Kerdasa, just west of Cairo, plumes of smoke billowed from burning tires in the middle of the street as police and protesters clashed. The walls were covered in graffiti urging people to boycott the referendum.
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: (Foreign language spoken)
FADEL: Nearby, men covered their eyes from the stinging teargas.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (Foreign language spoken)
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: (Foreign language spoken)
FADEL: And a village resident, Hanafi Abdel Baqi, said the only thing that freedom has brought is chaos. He said he will vote yes to the constitution to support the military because security is more important than freedom. Leila Fadel, NPR News, Cairo.
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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
The Cristoforo Colombo Society announces the honorees for the annual Columbian Award Dinner Dance to be held on Saturday, Oct. 13, in the Society's Banquet Hall, 2223 Pine Ave., Niagara Falls.
Dennis Virtuoso, director of code enforcement for the City of Niagara Falls, senior legislator and minority leader serving his 20th year as a member of the Niagara County Legislature, is the recipient of the Columbian Award. Janet Ligammari, director of Hospice clinical services in Lockport, and Ron Cirrito, a patrolman with the Niagara Falls Police Department (and master sergeant for the 107th), are the recipients of the Honorary Columbian Awards.
Chair Joan Reynolds states the event begins at 5:30 p.m. with an open bar, dinner and music. Tickets are $40 per person. Anyone interested in purchasing tickets may call Ernie Lucantonio, president, at 716-523-0486 before Oct. 8. Seating is limited.


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It's a mixture of matte red and purple hearts, teal hexes, small purple hexes, translucent blue holo glitters, if that makes sense. It's a cute polish, I love that there are 2 different heart colors in it and that they're both matte. I layered it over a baby blue, Color Club: Take Me To Your Chateau. I wanted each of the colors to be able to stand out, but not layer over black. The glitters laid pretty flat on the nail and only needed about 2 coats of top coat.
The polish is pretty glitter heavy, this is about 1 coat applied and then dabbing on to fill in. Because the polish is so thick (maybe should have thinned it), I wasn't able to get it as sparse, but I like how it looks.
One can find Happy Hands at their Facebook here and this particular polish at Harlow & Co. here :)
Like this? Click below to let us know!


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It seems we can't find what you're looking for. Perhaps searching can help.
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Taking Blogging to the Fangirl Level
Beautiful photos of hiking and other outdoor adventures.
What's happening at the studio!
just a girl who loves dolls, my cats, photography and music... and wishes she could find a way to combine all of the above
loose leaf tea, resin babies and random things in between
Providing safety and shelter to street dogs and cats in Bulgaria
A Story Begins Today
Buy the shoes. Buy the bag. Dine well.
Always Sassy
Cake or Death.
"You know the problem with Hollywood? They make shit. Unbelievable, unremarkable shit."
Това е архив. Преместихме се на agleu.eu :)
I ♥ SoNyuShiDae_TaeNy _ S♥NE _ bEg _ 2am
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