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Nonprofit organizations depend on two resources to fulfill their missions. One, of course, is money. The other resource – just as vital but perhaps even more scarce – is leadership. Indeed, qualified leadership candidates may be even rarer than six-figure donors. As one highly respected executive director recently observed, "If I have the choice between spending time with a $100,000 donor or a potential candidate for a senior role, hands down it's the candidate."
Today, many nonprofit organizations struggle to attract and retain the talented senior executives they need to convert dollars into social impact. Searches for chief executive, operating, and financial officers often turn up only one to three qualified candidates, compared with four to six for comparable private-sector positions. The experience of a large nonprofit seeking a seasoned executive to guide its national expansion is typical: Only a single qualified candidate even considered the position. Like many other organizations in the nonprofit realm, this agency was one person away from a leadership crisis.
During the next 10 years, the nonprofit leadership deficit will become impossible to ignore. My Bridgespan Group colleagues and I recently carried out an extensive study of the leadership requirements of U.S. nonprofits that have annual revenues of more than $250,000. (We excluded hospitals and institutions of higher education because of their distinctive funding mechanisms, specialized pools of talent, and established infrastructure for developing talent.) As a group, the organizations we examined provide the bulk of American philanthropic programs in areas ranging from the environment, arts, and economic development to youth development, elder affairs, and other social services. Directly or indirectly, their activities touch almost every single American.
To offset executive transitions and build management depth, this echelon of nonprofits will need to add more than 56,000 new senior managers to its existing ranks in 2006 alone. (We define senior management as the organization's executive director and the people who report directly to him or her.) For the years spanning 2007 to 2016, these organizations will need to attract and develop a total of 640,000 new senior managers – or the equivalent of 2.4 times the number currently employed. To put the challenge in perspective, attracting that many managers is the equivalent of recruiting more than 50 percent of every MBA graduating class, at every university across the country, every year for the next 10 years.1
To meet the need for new leaders, the nonprofit sector has little choice but to think and act in new ways. Board members and other recruiters will have to explore previously untapped networks of talent – women returning to the workforce after raising their families, baby boomers shifting out of corporate work, mid-career executives looking for a change, officers retiring from the military, and idealistic young graduates wanting to make their careers in the nonprofit sector. Equally important, nonprofits will have to work on retaining their best leaders, providing them with opportunities for career development and advancement, both within individual organizations and across the sector.
How the nonprofit sector responds to the leadership challenge will have an enormous impact on both individual organizations and the communities they serve. Scholars Paul G. Schervish, a professor of sociology at Boston College and director of the school's Center on Wealth and Philanthropy, and John J. Havens, associate director of the center, expect that during the next 30 to 40 years, $6 trillion in charitable bequests will flow to the nonprofit sector as wealth is transferred from the baby boom generation to its heirs.2 And that's Schervish and Havens' conservative estimate. Should the nonprofit sector be unable to fill its looming leadership deficit, much of that money will not be put to its best use, and society as a whole will be the poorer.
Short Supply, Expanding Demand
To understand the magnitude of the leadership deficit and why it will intensify, we need to examine what shapes the supply of, and demand for, nonprofit leaders. The supply side of the story begins with the baby boom generation. Because of the boom, the pool of American men and women of prime executive age (34 to 54 years) swelled to 35 million between 1980 and 2000.
But the first wave of this nearly 80 million-strong generation is now turning 60, and because the boomers did not have as many offspring as did their parents, the cohort that follows them has a lot fewer people. From 2000 to 2020, the number of people in the prime leadership age bracket of 34 to 54 will grow by only 3 million.3
Farsighted businesses have been preparing for this dramatic shift since the end of the 1990s4 (the Partnership for Public Service began to address the federal government's anticipated brain drain back in 20025), but nonprofits are only beginning to mount a response to this demographic threat. Their responses to date have not matched the scale of the problem.
In addition to the uptick in retirements, chronic nonprofit challenges also cut into nonprofits' supply of executives. Some leaders leave management for governance, consulting, or volunteer responsibilities within the social sector. Others leave the nonprofit world altogether, taking jobs in government or business. A study of 2,000 executive directors, conducted by the Meyer Foundation and CompassPoint Nonprofit Services, affixes numbers to these trends: Three quarters of respondents do not plan to be in their current job five years from now, and 9 percent are currently in the process of leaving their positions.6 This study, "Daring to Lead 2006," suggests that the nonprofit leadership hole may be wider and deeper than anyone suspected. Although the results of this survey are open to differing interpretations, there is little doubt that there will be significant turnover in the sector's leadership ranks over the next decade.
Meanwhile, the demand for leadership is growing. Between 1995 and 2004 the number of larger nonprofit organizations (those with annual revenues exceeding $250,000) grew from 62,800 to 104,700 – an annual growth rate of almost 6 percent (see graph, below). Although there are far fewer larger organizations than smaller ones, the number of larger organizations is growing faster than the number of smaller ones. Because larger organizations often require more skilled leadership than do smaller organizations, the faster growth of larger organizations will only exacerbate the nonprofits' leadership crisis.
Every realm of charitable activity is feeding the growth of the social sector. Individual donations have increased as baby boomers age. Foundations have been multiplying, with an average of 2,900 new ones per year for the decade ending in 2002.7 Social entrepreneurship is increasingly popular. Corporations are making social responsibility a greater priority. And government at all levels has steadily turned to nonprofits to deliver public services.
Some knowledgeable observers label this growth "proliferation" and suggest that consolidation of the sector is in order. Others applaud the growth as a heartening voluntary response to unmet needs. Either way, the steady rise in the number of nonprofits and the commensurate need for more management talent show no sign of stopping. Nonprofits are not only growing more plentiful, they are also being held more accountable. Under relentless performance pressure from donors, regulators, and the public, these organizations' management teams will have to expand to include executives with specialized skills. Do influential board members insist that the organization be run more like a business, with concomitant investment in capacity building? Then it will need to hire a chief operating officer. Are funders' reporting requirements growing more complex and rigorous? Then the organization probably needs a full-time chief financial officer, rather than a part-time bookkeeper. Is the agency stepping up its recruitment of frontline service providers? Then it's time to hire a human resources professional. Does the organization want to access more and deeper pockets? Then it will have to find skilled marketing, development, and communications executives. The need for additional management talent is unabating.
Trouble Ahead
To determine how many new senior managers nonprofits will need to hire by 2016, we first assumed that the sector would continue to grow at the same rates as it did from 1995 to 2004 – a period that embraced a significant business cycle. We also assumed that retirement rates would remain constant from 1996 to 2016, save for a 6 percentage-point demographic boost from 2004 through 2009 due to baby boomer retirements. Our final assumption was that rates of other forms of transition out of nonprofit leadership positions would remain the same. (For a full discussion of the study's methodology and sensitivity analysis, please visit www.ssireview.org or www.bridgespan.org.)
On the basis of those assumptions, we project that nonprofits will require 78,000 new senior managers in 2016 alone, up from 56,000 in 2006 and more than a fourfold increase since 1996. When the leadership needs of each of the coming 10 years are added together, the total comes to 640,000 new senior managers – a 140 percent increase in the current population of nonprofit executives. This projected growth in the nonprofit sector's leadership needs breaks down into three categories (see graph, p. 30): Leadership transitions (for retirement or otherwise) account for 55 percent of the increase, the growth in the number of nonprofits makes up 42 percent, and nonprofits' trend toward having larger senior leadership teams accounts for the remaining 3 percent.
There is no guarantee, of course, that our assumptions are correct. The growth rates in the numbers of nonprofit organizations might decline dramatically because of sectorwide consolidation, changes in charitable funding, or even widespread failures of established nonprofits. Future turnover rates might fall below recent projections if existing senior managers delay retirement or turn down job opportunities outside the sector. Even using more conservative assumptions, however, we estimate that the sector will need some 330,000 new senior executives over the next decade. The leadership deficit might be mitigated or deferred, but it will not go away.
We believe it is more likely that the growth of nonprofit organizations will accelerate, driven by current momentum, increased reliance on nonprofits throughout society, and the effects of the coming wealth transfer. Factors like consolidation could easily increase the need for managers given the capabilities required to run larger organizations. Moreover, executive burnout and competitive bidding for talent will probably accelerate undesired turnover. If these more aggressive assumptions prove correct, the total need for new managers would increase from 640,000 to 1,250,000.
Forecasts are always imperfect. Nevertheless, the message in these numbers is clear: In the decade ahead, nonprofit organizations will need far more new senior leaders every year than they did in the past. Our leadership needs, it seems, are unprecedented.
Finding the Talent
The very nature of nonprofits makes offsetting the sector's leadership deficit all the more difficult. Unlike businesses, most nonprofits cannot cultivate their own supply of future leaders. Successful companies routinely invest enormous amounts of time and money attracting talented junior managers and developing them into leaders. Most nonprofits (even larger ones) are too small to provide meaningful career development opportunities for their employees. Most cannot afford the huge investment in recruitment and human resources that such development requires – especially when boards, funders, and donors view such expenditures as wasteful overhead.
Consequently, nonprofits have little option but to search outside their own organizations for new senior managers. The best available data indicate that nonprofits fill only 30 to 40 percent of senior management positions with internal promotions, whereas businesses average 60 to 65 percent.8 Without abundant firsthand experience in hiring, external recruiting is almost always riskier than internal sourcing. External hiring is also more expensive, often entailing costly executive searches. And as nonprofits compete with the corporate sector in the talent market, the cost of attracting leaders is likely to escalate.
Nonprofits also lack the human resources infrastructure available to for-profit organizations. Business schools supply a steady stream of next-generation leadership to the private sector. The executive search industry has grown from modest beginnings a few decades ago to a multibillion- dollar business.9 Internet job-posting platforms like Monster.com also aid the flow of talent, as do human resource organizations such as Hewitt Associates and Convergys. These services exist because profit-making businesses can amply reward those who help fill their leadership supply needs.
Without extra time and money to invest in finding talent, nonprofits simply cannot compete with the for-profit world when it comes to finding capable leaders. Most nonprofits lack the resources and experience to recruit effectively from colleges or graduate schools. The largest search firms devote only a tiny fraction of their staff to the nonprofit sector, and when they do, they typically focus on high-profile, high-paying executive director (CEO-level) jobs – an entirely rational approach given their financial incentives. A handful of medium-sized search firms, such as Isaacson, Miller, concentrate on nonprofits, but their clients are mostly larger institutions. (Approximately 60 percent of Isaacson, Miller's current business is in healthcare and higher education.10) Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of freelance recruiters do at least some work in the nonprofit sector, but they are constrained by limited resources and limited access to qualified talent. Internet-based organizations, such as Idealist.org, help nonprofits find talent, but to date their scale is dwarfed by the magnitude of the need.
Taking Action
Big problems often demand big solutions. To shore up the impending leadership crisis, both individual organizations and the nonprofit sector as a whole must take action. Board members, senior managers, and major donors must commit to building strong and enduring leadership teams within their own organizations. Across the sector, foundations, intermediaries, and associations need to collaborate to nurture a cadre of management talent that is as diverse as the country's population. In both cases, three broader actions must be undertaken: 1) invest in leadership capacity; 2) evaluate management compensation; and 3) enhance career mobility and explore new talent pools.
Invest in leadership capacity. Over the past decade, enhancing nonprofit management has become a front-and-center concern of the social sector. Sector leaders such as Paul Brest, president of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Michael Bailin, former president of the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, and Barbara Kibbe, former vice president of the Skoll Foundation, have argued the point forcefully. Funders created Grantmakers for Effective Organizations (GEO) in 1997 to enhance organizations' ability to measure results and to ensure sound financial oversight and organizational management. Venture philanthropists such as NewSchools Venture Fund, Venture Philanthropy Partners, and New Profit Inc. have put their money where their demand for good management is. And management advisers such as the Bridgespan Group, as well as the nonprofit practices at McKinsey & Company and the Monitor Group, have grown to assist more nonprofits in capacity building.
Those developments are a step in the right direction, but only a step. Foundations and nonprofits themselves must take the next steps. Only about 20 percent of all foundation funding in 2003 was dedicated to general operating support, with the remainder earmarked for specific programs.11 That statistic reflects the implicit belief that spending on leadership – recruiting expenses, training costs, salaries, and benefits – should be held to a bare minimum, as should the number of senior positions. But not all overhead is equal. Leadership capacity is what matters most to the long-run effectiveness of any organization, including nonprofits. Consequently, foundations should ensure that their financial and other support for grantees includes resources for leadership development.
It takes time as well as money to build an excellent leadership team. Many successful business CEOs spend well over half their time on people-related issues. In contrast, the executive directors of nonprofits tend to devote the bulk of their time to fundraising.12 To build stronger, higher-impact management teams, executive directors and other leaders within nonprofits must shift significant time to performance reviews, mentoring, training, succession planning, recruiting, and other human resource functions.
Evaluate management compensation. Talented managers don't join nonprofits to get rich. That doesn't mean, however, that compensation doesn't matter. There is inevitably – and properly – an economic component in a person's career choices, and, during times of increasingly intense competition for talent, even modest changes in compensation – whether up or down – can have a big impact.
Traditionally, nonprofit organizations have attracted outstanding leaders by offering a wealth of intangible rewards with a relatively modest amount of compensation. But that offer may no longer suffice. Nonprofit managers face increasingly complex challenges, both in fundraising and in operations, and they are being judged by much more rigorous performance standards. Nonprofits will have to pay more for leaders who are prepared for those challenges. The short list of candidates attracted to a chief operating officer job paying $90,000 looks dramatically different from the one for the same position advertised at $70,000. The additional $20,000 attracts candidates who not only are more seasoned, but who also have experience running more complex organizations.
Adopting a new approach to management rewards raises complicated issues, ranging from legal constraints on nonprofits to the public's perception that nonprofit executives already receive too much pay. Boards owe it to their organizations to face those issues squarely, matching increased accountability with increased rewards. They will have to resist hiring underqualified candidates, accept the need to pay qualified candidates well, and fill key positions even if that means increasing "overhead" costs. Salaries must reflect the realities of an increasingly competitive marketplace and the preeminent importance of having the right people in leadership positions. To avoid distorted decision making, overhead costs such as occupancy cannot be lumped together with leadership development- related expenditures. Explicit goal setting and formal performance reviews are two tools that can be commonly employed to ensure that the actual performance of leaders meets the expectations inherent in those leadership expenditures.
Explore new talent pools. Greater investment in management and more attractive rewards for managers will not, by themselves, solve the leadership crisis. The nonprofit sector also needs to expand its recruiting networks and to foster greater career mobility for the talented people already at work within the sector.
Up to now, nonprofits have tended to draw their leaders from a relatively small circle of friends and acquaintances. Although personal networking is an essential element of any recruiting process, it will not produce all the leaders needed in the coming decade. We simply don't know enough people. As competition for leadership talent intensifies, nonprofits will need to expand their recruiting horizons by looking beyond their immediate circles of contacts.
Three significant pools of new leadership talent are already available. One is the baby boom generation. A recent study by the MetLife Foundation and Civic Ventures concludes that, contrary to conventional wisdom, many baby boomers want to continue to work after retirement age. Two-thirds of the 50- to 70-year-olds surveyed said they intend to continue working; fully half of them (and nearly three-fifths of those in their fifties) hope to work in organizations with social missions.13
In addition to the boomers, many people at the midpoint of their professional lives are thinking about finding new outlets for their talents. By reaching out to midlife career-changers, the sector would both gain new sources of leadership talent and provide collegial resources for existing leaders.
The third untapped pool of potential leaders is young managers in training. In 1990 there were 17 graduate programs in nonprofit management in the United States. Today, there are well over 90, and more than 240 programs offer nonprofit courses.14 The young people who follow such courses of study not only are committed to serving the nonprofit sector, but are also more qualified to do so as a result of their training.
Nonprofits can also cast their hiring nets among groups that have been systematically excluded from the recruiting process because of their lack of social sector connections. Such groups include veteran business managers, experienced civil servants, military officers transitioning to civilian life, and women who want to re-enter the workforce after working at home to raise a family. By changing their assumptions about recruiting, and by experimenting with part-time positions, flexible career paths, job sharing, and training and mentoring, nonprofits and their boards can open up substantial new streams of leaders. They could also increase the diversity of their workforces.
In addition to attracting new talent, the nonprofit sector needs to build the infrastructure required to ensure that its existing talent is visible and mobile. A handful of such initiatives is already under way, including American Humanics, an alliance of colleges, universities, and nonprofits that aims to educate and prepare professionals to lead nonprofit organizations; CompassPoint's Executive Leadership Services and Executive Transitions division; Bridgestar, an initiative of the Bridgespan Group that focuses on talent matching for senior leadership; and Idealist.org, a project of Action Without Borders that connects nonprofits and individuals eager to serve. In building the sector's management ranks, much will depend on how quickly and effectively infrastructure-related initiatives can increase their scale.
What If?
Unfortunately, the short-term consequences of being light on leadership are tolerable. Nonprofits already do so much with so little – why not do a little more with a little less? Yet day after day the leadership deficit will take its toll as organizations across the sector fall short of their potential. Staff will become frustrated, donors discouraged, and reputations tarnished. And while the sector stumbles, the deepest suffering will be visited upon the millions of people who rely, directly and indirectly, on the services that nonprofits provide and the social value they create.
There is another future – one in which a robust nonprofit sector effectively addresses society's needs and achieves ever-higher levels of performance, where the escalating wealth transfer generates exceptional social return. In this future, the leadership crisis is averted, or at least mitigated. A new generation of leaders emerges from within nonprofit organizations, while diverse cadres of senior talent enter from without.
Both futures are possible. We can shift our talent to help the sector meet society's escalating demands, or we can allow its leadership deficit, with its debilitating consequences, to widen. The choice is ours.


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The national theme for Women's History Month 2006 is "Women: Builders of Communities and Dreams." The Old Dominion University Libraries wishes to honor many of the women at Old Dominion University who have contributed to a sense of community and have encouraged dreams in others. We want to honor the "spirit of possibility and hope" they have set in motion. An exhibit in the Perry Library lobby will be available through the month of March 2006. It consists of photos and news articles of the following:
Resources Used
Except where noted, all photographs and articles are from the University Archives. Click on thumbnail images to see full view.
Copyright © 2006 Old Dominion University Libraries
Copyright © 2006 Old Dominion University Libraries

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Pilot - Episode Information
Cast Information
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Review by Gaius Bolling
Who would've thought back in August of 2003 that a little show called The O.C. would become such a pop-cultural phenomenon. What was described as a Beverly Hills 90210 wannabe has turned into a show with its own voice and style. The stars of the show have become achieved breakout status and the show is at an all time high as it enters its second season. This show has redefined the formula for making a teen show work by putting a new spin on the genre.
So where did we begin? In August of 2003 Fox premiered the Pilot episode of The O.C. amongst a strong marketing campaign and high expectations. I for one wasn't looking forward to the show when it started, mainly because I thought it would be like every other teen show out there. Boy was I wrong. The Pilot of The O.C. was a nice introduction to this show and it would only build from this very strong episode.
Doesn't it only seem like yesterday when Ryan Atwood was crashing a car with his big brother and being assigned a public defender by the name of Sandy Cohen? Doesn't it feel like it was only weeks ago that Ryan was brought in by Sandy into his families home, much to the distress of his wife Kirsten. Boy, it really feels like it was only yesterday when Ryan got all James Dean on Marissa outside of the Cohen household, with talks of bumming a cigarette being their first conversation. It doesn't really seem that long ago that we learned of Seth's infatuation with Summer, a girl he never really has talked to, or that long ago when we first heard Summer utter the phrase "Chino…ewww". It wasn't that long ago that Jimmy was in trouble with the law and Luke was the resident bully of The O.C. If it feels like it was only yesterday since Julie Cooper was a bitch, it might be because it was actually last night while you watched the Season 2 premiere (she hasn't changed much since this first episode).
These would be the trials and tribulations of these characters that we would come to love. This formula could've easily been cheesy and melodramatic but creator Josh Schwartz adds something new to the mix. Setting the show in the posh location of Newport certainly puts a new spin on the teen show. The characters he has created also don't come off as one-dimensional. Even in this episode you could tell that Seth (Adam Brody) would become the breakout character because it's a wonderfully written character and Adam Brody also brings so much to the table as this character. Benjamin Mackenzie showed he just wasn't getting by on his looks by giving a fairly complex performance in the pilot, however he would improve even more as the show went on. Mischa Barton is fine as the girl next door, Chris Carmack definitely captured the water polo jerk façade very well (who can forget him uttering the lines "Welcome to the O.C. bitch"), and Rachel Bilson, although not as prominent as she is now as Summer, definitely showed that she would also break-out to become more than a supporting performer.
The show also paid equal attention to the adult characters. Kelly Rowan and Peter Gallagher showed great chemistry early on as Kirsten and Sandy. They really make that home feel like a place you've been before. It really doesn't feel like they're acting to me, and this is even evident in the pilot. Melinda Clarke and Tate Donovan were also good as the total opposites of Kirsten and Sandy. Melinda Clarke even showed early on that she would become a force to be reckoned with. You could tell that, even in the pilot, that the adults would be just as interesting as the teenagers.
It was also nice to see everything not being wrapped up in the first episode. Ryan finding a home would be stretched out for a couple of more episodes and Kirsten didn't give in immediately to him staying there for good. It was nice to see everything not wrapped up so quickly. Made things a bit more realistic.
This was a good start to an addicting series. It did its job as a pilot, it got viewers hooked and 28 episodes later and counting, we're still drawn in by these intriguing characters and their stories.
Grade: A
Favorite Moment: My favorite moment in this episode was Ryan protecting Seth on the beach from the water polo players. I thought it was nice that they showed this person, who barely knew Seth, still jumping in to help him out. It was a nice moment.
Best Performance: Adam Brody probably gave the best performance in this episode. You could tell early on that he would still this show from everyone and it's a trend that hasn't stopped. He really captured teen awkwardness well in this very comedic performance.
Best Line: "Chino…Eww" (Said by Summer, played by Rachel Bilson, after she learned Ryan was from Chino). It's just a classic line. It's very simple but the delivery is just perfect. It's the "what you talking about Willis" of this show. Very catchy.
Worst Moment: I didn't really have any worst moments from this episode. Everything was just fine.


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Levi LaVallee and Robbie Maddison flew through fog and across a 300-foot water gap Saturday night in San Diego, setting world records for the longest snowmobile and motorcycle jumps.
LaVallee's jump of 412 feet, 6 inches on his snowmobile shattered his record of 361 feet set in December 2010, hours before he was seriously injured in a crash while training.
Maddison wanted to hit 400 feet but landed at 378 feet, 9 inches, which organizers said broke his certified world record of 351 feet, 3 inches.
LaVallee jumped off his sled and raised his arms in the air and Maddison popped a wheelie after they landed safely. For both riders, that was the important thing.
LaVallee, of Longville, Minn., was scheduled to attempt his snowmobile jump the previous New Year's Eve in snowless San Diego but crashed during practice two weeks before, fracturing his pelvis, breaking several ribs and collapsing both lungs.
When LaVallee arrived at the massive setup earlier in the evening, he couldn't see from the roll-in ramp to the landing ramp across the water. About half an hour before the jump, the fog cleared somewhat and visibility improved.
"When the fog rolled in, that's an unexpected thing that could have altered the jump and it turns out we ended up hitting it faster and going farther," LaVallee said on the landing ramp shortly after the jump.
"It's just exciting to not only safely make it here but go over 400 feet. Just making it over here safely and riding away, I mean, that's the biggest feat in itself. After last year, crashing, that was scary. I was lucky to be here today, let alone jumping. It's redemption, for sure, just being able to come back and face this head on and be able to accomplish this."
The two daredevils roared down long run-in ramps at about 100 mph and cleared the water gap at Embarcadero Marina Park at San Diego Bay.
Maddison was several feet ahead of LaVallee when they went airborne. They needed separation for safety and also because the stunt was being filmed from the side.
Maddison was hoping to land a bit farther down the ramp than he did.
"It didn't happen tonight but we got the world record regardless and I was just trying to better it," Maddison said. "The conditions were foggy and the run-in was a little bit tricky. For what I need to go 400, I think I need a bit more room. To go as far as we did tonight and land safely is kind of a happy new year for me."
It was the latest in the "Red Bull: New Year. No Limits" series.
Maddison kick-started the Red Bull series in 2007 by jumping his motorcycle 322 feet in Las Vegas. The following year, he jumped onto and then off the 96-foot high scale version of the Arc de Triomphe at Paris Las Vegas.
Maddison has jumped the 279-foot wide Corinth Canal in Greece, at a height of more than 300 feet above the water, and did a no-handed backflip over the open span on London's Tower Bridge.


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COOKEVILLE, Tenn. (Aug. 16, 2012) – For the first time in the 15-year history of women's soccer at ETSU, the Lady Bucs will open the new season as defending regular season champions when they take on Tennessee Tech on Friday at Tech Soccer Field starting at 4 p.m.
With two weeks of practice and two exhibition games in the rear-view mirror, second-year head coach Adam Sayers will lead a squad of 24 Lady Bucs into Cookeville looking to spoil Tech's home opener as the Golden Eagles did to ETSU a year ago. In that game, Tech's Ellie Iaciofano capitalized on an unfortunate bobble by ETSU keeper Caitlin Gaughan in the 65th minute, putting away the eventual game-winning goal to lead Tech past the Lady Bucs, 2-1. ETSU won the shot battle 16-11, including an 11-4 advantage in the second half, but never found the second equalizer through the remaining 25 minutes.
This year's Tennessee Tech squad returns nine starters, and will be led under the watch of third-year head coach Daniel Brizard. In his two seasons at the helm, Brizard has compiled a record of 9-25-2, but returns a dangerous 2012 squad of 13 upperclassmen and all 100 percent of last year's goal scorers who will be looking to improve upon their 5-13-1 record from a season ago.
Iaciofano and senior Kerri Reid enter the season as the Golden Eagles' top returners, having led the team last year with three goals apiece. Iaciofano also added an assist to her 2011 campaign, ending the season as Tech's leader in points with seven. Tennessee Tech also returns Sarah Gawthrop, Jacquie Watkins and Andrea Meloff, who each scored two goals and played in all 19 games last year.
Tennessee Tech leads the all-time series 4-3-3, including a 2-1-1 record when playing at home. The last time ETSU met Tech in Cookeville was in 2006, when it defeated the Golden Eagles, 2-1.
Live stats for Friday's season opener will be available courtesy of PrestoSports.com.
2012 ETSU Season Outlook
The 2012 edition of the ETSU women's soccer team will be looking to continue the success it experienced in 2011, capped off by its first conference championship in program history. The 2011 Lady Bucs went 12-5-1 (7-1-1 A-Sun), setting multiple school records en route to a three-way share of the regular season title. The historic season included program records in goals scored (43), points (118), wins (12) and conference wins (7). ETSU's No. 2 seed in the Atlantic Sun Tournament was also the highest it had ever received in postseason play since its inaugural 1997 season, as the Lady Bucs boasted the A-Sun Player, Freshman and Coach of the Year.
This year, ETSU welcomes in seven new freshmen faces, four of which arrive in Johnson City from across the pond in Europe. One in particular, Megan Wynne (St. Albans, England) made her mark in ETSU's first exhibition by scoring in the final minutes to lift the Lady Bucs past VMI, 1-0. Wynne, as well as defender Hannah Short (Bristol, England) and midfielder Sarah Zadrazil (St. Gilgen, Austria), have represented Wales, England and Austria, respectively, in international play, while midfielder Alexa Passingham (Leicestershire, England) has spent two seasons at Arsenal Ladies FC Academy. Sophomores Ellis Parsons (Cardiff, Wales) and Jasmin Dutton (Kinmel Bay, North Wales) were teammates of Wynne's on Welsh squads.
Other newcomers to the squad include goalkeepers Sierra Campbell (Thompson's Station, Tenn.) and Kara Krajenta (Cordova, Tenn.), as well as forward Sydney Carden (Knoxville, Tenn.). Between the three are a multitude of Tennessee All-District and All-Region honors, with Tennessee State quarterfinals, semifinals and All-Star Game appearances to their credit. Campbell's senior season, she made 230 saves and posted seven shutouts in her first year as Fred J. Page's starting goalkeeper. Carden combined for 43 goals her junior and senior seasons, while Krajenta posted eight shutouts her senior season while helping her club team to a Disney Showcase Tournament title.
Of the returning members, ETSU will look to Morgan Thomas (Maryville, Tenn.) and Ramey Kerns (Kings Mountain, N.C.) for increased goal scoring production after losing roughly 63 percent of its goal scorers from a year ago. Thomas ended the 2011 season with four goals and shared the team lead with five assists, while Kerns scored three times and notched three assists. Kerns also pulled through with the game-winning goal against Mercer in the regular season finale, clinching ETSU a share of its first regular season championship. Dutton will also contribute to the ETSU attack, looking to give the Lady Bucs an added boost after suffering an unfortunate season-ending injury at the beginning of last year. Also on the attack for ETSU this season will be sophomore Kristi Davis (Edmond, Okla.), as well as juniors Molly Vaughn (Nashville, Tenn.) and Tori Head (Kingsport, Tenn.), with Head looking to bounce back after missing most of the 2011 season with a knee injury.
At the midfield, sophomore Emilee Engelhaupt (Charlotte, N.C.) will need to continue to produce the amount of game time she did in 2011, logging the second-most of any freshman with 1,402 minutes. Engelhaupt was recognized at the beginning of 2012 season by TopDrawerSoccer.com as one of the top-20 players to watch in the A-Sun, and will be joined by a supporting cast of Wynne, Passingham, Zadrazil, Thomas and Lucy Goffe (Birmingham, England). Other members of the midfield looking to breakout this year include sophomore Summer Peterson (Lorton, Va.), senior Kathy Musacchio (Nashville, Tenn.) and redshirt junior Charlotte Summerall (St. Augustine, Fla.).
The Lady Bucs return a healthy portion of their back line in Samantha Kron (Paradise Valley, Ariz.), Lindsay Bickel (Hampstead, Md.) and Parsons. All three were named top-20 players to watch in the A-Sun by TopDrawerSoccer.com, and will be vital to the success ETSU hopes to have in 2012. Junior Hannah Goffe (Birmingham, England) will look to contribute on defense after earning six starts in 12 games played last year, while newcomers Short and transfer Andie Stone (Austin, Texas), out of the University of San Francisco, will look to hold down the opposing attack.
With the coaches having picked the Lady Bucs to finish third in the preseason poll, expectations face the 2012 ETSU women's soccer team, along with the hopes of advancing and winning its first A-Sun Tournament Championship.
For more information on ETSU women's soccer, please visit ETSUBucs.com and click on the women's soccer links.


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Chang, C. and Wu, P. and Baker, Ruth E. and Maini, P. K. and Alibardi, L. and Chuong, C. M. (2009) Reptile scale paradigm: Evo-Devo, pattern formation and regeneration. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 53 (5/6). pp. 813-826.
This list was generated on Tue Feb 19 16:13:14 2019 GMT.


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LOS ANGELES - Nearly a decade after the NAACP condemned a "virtual whiteout" in broadcast TV, the civil rights group said major networks have stalled in their efforts to further ethnic diversity on-screen and off.
Television shows of the future could be even less inclusive because of a failure to cultivate young minority stars and to bring minorities into decision-making positions, NAACP President and CEO Benjamin Todd Jealous said.
The effect on the country could be profound, Jealous said.
"This is America: So goes TV, so goes reality. We don't think it's any accident that before we had a black president in reality, we had a black president on TV," he said, referring to the chief executive portrayed by Dennis Haysbert on Fox's "24."
A "critical lack of programming by, for or about people of color" can be traced in part to the lack of minorities who have the power to approve new series or make final creative decisions, said Vicangelo Bulluck, executive director of NAACP's Hollywood bureau.
In a report due to be released Thursday, the NAACP calls on networks to revisit a 2000 agreement to diversify the ranks of actors, writers, directors and executives. It also seeks to establish a task force with network executives, the NAACP and other civil rights groups.
The report raises the possibility of political action if progress is lacking, including a boycott against an unspecified network and its major advertisers or class-action litigation against the networks and parent companies.
Particularly disturbing, Jealous said, is the course charted by the CW, born of the defunct UPN and WB networks that had featured a number of black-oriented series including "Moesha" and "The Steve Harvey Show."
"Those two networks provided an opportunity for young talent of color in this town. ... They merged into a network which appears to have systematically cut programming targeted to communities of color," Jealous said.
CW's lineup includes white-oriented shows "Gossip Girl" and "90210," although it also airs the black sitcoms "Everybody Hates Chris" and "The Game."
Something is Happening. People are Drawing Lines.
And We've Got It Covered.
But we can't do it without you. Please support our Winter Campaign.
A movie star such as Will Smith emerged because he could gain early exposure in the TV comedy "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air," Jealous said.
CW declined comment on the report, as did ABC, NBC and Fox. CBS received a request for comment late Wednesday and did not immediately respond.
On the heels of the 1999-2000 fall lineup of new shows that lacked any minority actors in lead roles - then-NAACP head Kweisi Mfume called it a "virtual whiteout" - the NAACP and Asian-American, Hispanic and Indian civil rights groups formed a coalition to lobby networks.
Broadcasters agreed to create minority recruitment and training programs and to chart minority hiring among actors, writers, directors and managers.
The coalition groups have charted their progress with annual reports, although the NAACP has not always participated, often finding sharp underrepresentation of minorities in front of and behind the camera.
The four major broadcast networks have made "important strides" in increasing diversity, the new NAACP report said, including filling lead roles with actors such as Haysbert, starring in CBS' "The Unit," and Laurence Fishburne, now on CBS' "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation."
However, using figures compiled by the networks and industry guilds, the NAACP found a less rosy picture overall.
The number of minority actors in prime-time shows has remained flat or even dipped in recent years, decreasing from 333 in the 2002-03 season to 307 in 2006-07, according to the report. The number of minority writers working during the 2006-07 season was 173, a drop from the 206 employed during the previous season, the report said.
Reality programming has dampened employment prospects for minority actors and writers, as it has for whites, but shows like "Survivor" and "American Idol" do offer a benefit: They are likely to be more diverse in casting than most scripted series, the NAACP noted, providing a truer national portrait.


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|Laguna Niguel, Calif.
|High School:
|Dana Hills
2009: Appeared in 52 sets...Averaged 1.38 kills and 0.87 blocks per set...Hit .295...Had a season-high four blocks in the Sept. 5 win over Fairfield...Hit .615 (8-0-13) with a season-best eight kills in the four-set win at American on Sept. 11...Had nine digs and seven assists.
2008: Selected as Yale's Most Improved Player...Appeared in 80 sets over 24 matches...Averaged 1.45 kills and a team-best 1.02 blocks per set...Ranked second in the Ivy League in blocks...Recorded five blocks or more in six matches this season...Tallied six assists and 11 digs...Notched a season-high nine kills on Sept. 26 at Albany...Matched that total with nine kills on Oct. 4 against Brown...Picked up a season-best 11 blocks on Nov. 14 at Penn.
Before Yale: As team captain, helped lead Dana Hills to the 2007 CIF Quarterfinals...Earned Second Team All-Suncoast League and Third Team All-Orange County while also being named the team's best offensive player as a senior...Named Most Improved Player in 2006...Qualified for the open division at the Junior Olympics three straight years (2005-07) with the Laguna Beach Volleyball Club, finishing fifth in 2006.
Appleman on Taylor: "Cramm worked her way into the starting lineup last season and was a force at the net both offensively and defensively. I am excited to get her on the court with a year of experience behind her."
Getting to Know Taylor
Favorite Quote: "The most wasted of all days is one without laughter." e.e. cummings
Your Theme Song: "Just Dance"
Favorite Reality TV Show: "American Idol"
Greatest Fear: Spiders, bugs, rodents
Signature Dance Move: "The Move"
Why did you choose Yale?: How could I pass up an opportunity to play volleyball with fabulous teammates, win Ivy League Championships and get an education from the nation's top university?


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Cotton Bunch Painting Farmhouse Art Print
Add chic style to any gallery wall, living room or nursery with this hand-painted cotton plant print.
Each print is carefully made in California with the highest quality materials, providing for crisp and vibrant colors. Every print is printed on 100% pure cotton Savoy 20 pt. fine art paper (320 GSM) with archival grade pigment inks.
The paper we use for prints is thick and neutral-white - great for supporting accurate color reproduction and high-resolution images. It's also acid-free, which gives the pigments in the print a longer life.
For canvas prints, each canvas is carefully crafted in California with the highest quality materials, providing for crisp and vibrant colors. All 8"x10" and 11"x14" canvases are .75" thick. 16"x20" and 18"x24" canvases are 1.5" thick. Stretched canvases come wrapped around a kiln dried pine stretcher bars, ensuring that the canvas does not bow over time. Designs are printed on thick archival grade canvas with genuine OEM pigment inks, which will resist fading for over 100 years. Canvas will arrive with hardware already installed for quick and easy hanging. FRAME NOT INCLUDED.


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$239.99 $299.00
Durable, waterproof HyVent outer layer, Fully seam sealed, Pit-zips, Adjustable hood with removable faux fur trim, Full-zip front closure ...with cover flap, Hook-and-loop tabs at cuffs, Zippered handwarmer pockets, Zippered chest pocket, Internal goggle pocket, Shell: 100% polyester, Facing: 100% nylon, Insulation: 100% polyester, Lining: 100% nylon Read More
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Get the sneakers & goods you want, shipped to your part of the globe. Int'l Shipping details.


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Touching Base Inc is a charitable organisation, based in Sydney NSW Australia, that has been active since October 2000. Touching Base developed out of the need to assist people with disability and sex workers to connect with each other, focusing on access, discrimination, human rights and legal issues and the attitudinal barriers that these two marginalised communities can face. Information for people with disability or their carers on how to access the sex industry and the Touching Base Referral List is contained in the Clients section of this website. Information for sex workers including training workshops, resources and information about disability is contained in the Sex Workers section of this website. We also regularly offer training workshops tailored to Disability Service Providers. Please click here for more information. This website contains some material of a sexual nature suitable for adults only. Currently, Touching Base does not receive any government funding.
Check out the upcoming workshops in Sydney for disability support staff (20th Sept) and sex workers (25th Sept)
Catch up with the latest news and our recent activities in Newsletter June 2018
2017 is looking good – but can you help us to find a new home? Newsletter No.1 2017
Touching Base rounds off 2016 on a high
See why in our Newsletter No. 3 2016
Catch up with all our news and events
Our 2nd newsletter for 2016 is now available – Newsletter No. 2 2016
Join us to celebrate the launch of 3 new Touching Base resources
Touching Base is thrilled to announce the upcoming launch of 3 new resources for people with disability. This event will be held on the 31st May at NSW Parliament – kindly hosted by Dr Peter Phelps MLC. For more information and RSVP details please this link to the flyer TBASE Resources Launch Invitation (PDF 225KB)
Catch up with all our news and events
Our first newsletter for 2016 is now available – Newsletter No. 1 2016
Call to Action!
You may have heard that a select committee has formed to review sex industry regulation in NSW.
Decriminalisation in NSW is under threat.
Sex work in NSW was decriminalised in 1995 as a result of the Wood Royal Commission into police corruption. Decriminalisation is seen worldwide as the best practice model of sex industry regulation, especially for sex worker health and safety.
Touching Base have prepared this information kit for sex workers who work with people with disability, people with disability who access the sex industry and supporters. We encourage you to have a say in the inquiry. Submissions are due by 19th August 2015. Submissions can be as simple as a 1 page letter.
You can view the Touching Base info kit here: https://www.touchingbase.org/wp-content/2012/07/Touching-Base-INFO-KIT-NSW-Brothel-Inquiry.pdf
Our info kit is based on an information pack for sex workers produced by Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Workers Association, and the Sex Workers Outreach Project NSW (SWOP).
The Touching Base information kit on the 2015 NSW inquiry into the regulation of brothels includes:
Our next Service Provide Awareness Training workshop will be held in Wollongong on 11th June. Follow this link to the flyer (PDF) for this workshop or go straight to the registration form on the Family Planning NSW website.
Catch up with the all the news about our recent activities and some upcoming workshops in our 2nd Newsletter for 2015.
Due to requests for us to provide more training in regional centres we have four Service Provide Awareness Training workshops already planned in different locations for NSW in 2015.
Follow this link for more info: https://www.touchingbase.org/workshops-and-training/spat
Catch up with the all the news about our recent activities and some upcoming workshops in our 1st Newsletter for 2015.
We have a lot on out plate for 2015. Stay in touch by signing up for our Newsletter.
The dates for two Professional Disability Awareness Training (PDAT) workshops for experienced sex workers have been announced.
Sex workers who would like to attend our next workshops in Canberra (28th Oct) or Sydney (19th Nov) please go to our training page to access the flyer and registration forms.
Registrations are now open for our next 1 day workshop for disability service providers and carers – titled: Supporting people with disability to access the Sex Industry
See the flyer for more info and registration details about this very popular workshop to be held at Family Planning NSW, Ashfield, Sydney, on Thursday 9th October 2014 or follow this link to register now – Supported by Family Planning NSW and IDEAS (Information on Disability Education & Awareness Services)
Family Planning NSW Family Forum – On Saturday, 6th September Touching Base took part in an afternoon Sexuality and Relationships Forum for parents and carers of people with intellectual disability – hosted by Family Planning NSW. Follow this link for more info about this seminar.
Touching Base at SEXPO – come and join our Vice President Denise Beckwith and President Saul Isbister for our first presentation at SEXPO in Sydney on the 1st August. See TBASE_SEXPO_Aug2014_flyer for more details, like our Event FaceBook page and we hope to see you there.
Service Provider Awareness Training – for disability service providers and carers 1 day workshop – Supporting people with disability to access the Sex Industry
See the flyer for more info and registration details about our next workshop at Family Planning NSW, Newcastle on Thursday 29 May 2014 or follow this link to register now – Supported by Family Planning NSW and IDEAS (Information on Disability Education & Awareness Services)
Special Edition Newsletter No 2 2014 Patrons fundraising luncheon In this special edition newsletter catch up with what happened when 66 members and friends of Touching Base gathered to celebrate the inauguration of our Patrons (PDF 698 KB)
Visit our new Patrons page for all the details.
We had a wonderful afternoon and we will be putting out a Special Edition Newsletter soon with photos… Newsletter Catch up with all our recent and upcoming activities with our first newsletter for 2014. Newsletter No 1 2014 (PDF 239kb | Newsletter No 1 2014 (text doc 10.5kb)
Mardi Gras Come join Touching Base march in the 2014 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade with our queer friendly friends from People with Disability Australia Inc, Family Planning NSW and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance. See the flyer for more details and RSVP to Pete Darby email@example.com by Monday 13 January 2014. AGM 2013 Thanks to leading international law firm Ashurst – Australia, for again hosting our AGM this year. The President and Treasurer's Reports for 2012-13 have been uploaded to our About Us page. New Referral List Contact details At the AGM a major announcement was made that Touching Base will be taking over operation of our Referral List from People with Disability Australia Inc (PWDA), now that we have the logistical and financial capacity to do so. Many thanks to PWDA for their long term support in managing our referral list, on our behalf, over the last decade. The new contact details for referrals to disability-friendly sex services providers are:
Email: email@example.com
To ensure you receive a reply email please add our email address to your email contact list and check your Spam or Junk Mail Folder if you do not receive a reply in your Inbox.
Mobile phone: 0499 05 44 00
Please see our Clients or Sex Workers pages for more information about how the Referral List works.
Touching Base has been busier than ever recently – see what we've been up to in our Newsletter No.2 2013 (Word doc 498kb) | Newsletter No.2 2013 (PDF 237kb).
Professional Disability Awareness Training – for sex workers only
If you would like to go on our list of sex workers wanting to be notified of our next PDAT workshop – please send us an email on email@example.com
In Senior Moments , Peter Munro presents a very respectful, balanced article in the Good Weekend magazine (Sydney Morning Herald), with a small reference to Touching Base. The Reporter has published an interesting article where a judge has authorised an insurance company fund sex workers for a man injured in a car accident.
NEW GROUPS INTERNATIONALLY This year it is very exciting to see new groups start up with similar aims to Touching Base in other countries. After screenings of the documentary Scarlet Road local stakeholders have formed Paths Together in New Zealand https://www.facebook.com/pages/Paths-Together/552620361438711 and EASE (Equitable Accessible Sexual Expression)in Canada http://easecanada.org/
Touching Base is thrilled to be associated with a new short film by Spencer and Lloyd Harvey that explores aspects of our work at Touching Base. The Gift looks at our work from the perspective of a family supporting their son to lose his virginity to a sex worker at their home. It was great to find out that The Gift would be featured on "The Project" on Channel 10 [6:30 – 7:30pm]. If you missed it on Thursday night, it will also be available on their website. The Gift will be screened at the Melbourne International Film Festival on the 1stAugust @ 9:00 PM
Touching Base to present at a Parents Forum run by Family Planning NSW Saul Isbister will be presenting to a Sexuality and Relationships forum being run by Family Planning NSW in Ashfield on the 15th June. The forum is for parents and carers of people with intellectual disability of all ages. See more information about time and cost etc in the flyer for the forum (PDF 992kb) or on the Family Planning website
See all the latest news about Touching Base recent activities and upcoming events in our April Newsletter (Word doc 2.45 MB) | April Newsletter (PDF 284 KB). Read all about the three student projects we have for the first half of this year, news on the worldwide journey of the documentary Scarlet Road and much more. Touching Base at the PossABLE IDEAS EXPO 2013 – Newcastle Touching Base has been invited to run 3 workshops at the IDEAS EXPO in Newcastle. We will be running a stall during two day expo – so if you are in the area pop along and visit us at stall 87. We arethrilled to have GLYDE HEALTH & GLYDE TOTAL PARLOUR SUPPLIESas our generous sponsors and partners for the IDEAS Expoin Newcastle. See more info about the Expo and our workshops in our April Newsletter (Word doc 2.45 MB) | April Newsletter (PDF 284KB)
We topped off the year having our AGM at The Rocks, Sydney – with a meeting room and lunch generously hosted by Ashurst Australia, one of Australia's leading law firms. An overview of the year's activities can be found in The President and Treasurer's Annual Reports – now available on our About Us page. At the AGM members of our Committee of Management were re-elected unopposed. We will be running more workshops in 2013 than any previous year, so keep an eye out for announcements of the dates and locations. Or send us an email if you want to be put on our waiting list – just remember to let us know if you want to attend the SPAT workshop for disability service providers or the PDAT workshop for sex workers. Thanks to all our volunteers, partners, friends and supporters who have made 2012 our most successful year to date. Wishing you all the best for the holiday season and we look forward to having a great time with you all in 2013.
Touching Base hosted the New Zealand Premier of the Director's Cut of Scarlet Road in Wellington on Tuesday 6 Nov. This led to some great media covering the documentary and our work at Touching Base. While in NZ, Rachel and Saul were also invited as international guests to speak at a special gathering celebrating the 25th anniversary of the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective. Rob Hardy and Saul provided workshop to the Australasian Society for Intellectual Disability Annual Conference which was held at the Wellington Town Hall. The release of the new movie The Sessions, starring Helen Hunt as a sex surrogate working with a client with polio, has unleashed another layer of acute interest in our own work at Touching Base – from many important media players and outlets. We are working on making the most of these opportunities and will update our Media page as more articles and broadcasts become available.
In Oct we held two very successful one day Disability Service Awareness Training (SPAT) workshops in Tasmania – in conjunction with Oak Community Services. These workshops were so popular they were sold out before the flyer had even been distributed! As a result we now have two more workshops in Tasmania completely booked out for June 2013. Interest has also built up for our next Professional Disability Awareness Training workshop for sex workers, so the next one is likely to be held in Sydney in early 2013. Any sex workers who have asked to be kept informed will be advised by email as soon as the date is finalised. The documentary Scarlet Road continues on its relentless journey around the world, having been screened at film festivals in Norway, Germany and the USA within the last month alone. Scarlet Road was also unexpectedly replayed on SBS in Australia on the 25 Oct 2012 – releasing another round of enquiries from stakeholders all around the country.
Touching Base gets busier every year and 2012 has certainly been our busiest yet. Our regular Sept SPAT held at Family Planning NSW in Ashfield was fully booked and we continue to receive great feedback from participants via their evaluation forms. Keep an eye on our website for dates for our 2013 workshops.


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Johan Santana will test his surgically-repaired left elbow off the mound tomorrow, the second day of the Mets' three-day mini-camp.Santana underwent surgery, Sept. 1, and the prognosis is good for his return by Opening Day.
It's the first time he's thrown off the mound since the surgery.
Speaking to reporters today in Port St. Lucie, Santana said: "I'm feeling good. Time will tell, but I am feeling good. We did a pretty good job with the offseason, working out and doing all the rehab, and I'm feeling good. Everything is on schedule."
In other injury news, Oliver Perez said he's not feeling any discomfort in his right knee, which had scar tissue removed. … GM Omar Minaya said he's still exploring the catching market after losing FA Bengie Molina to San Francisco.
Santana went through this before when he was with Minnesota, so he has a frame of reference.


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A pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to see how a baby is developing in the womb. It is also used to check the female pelvic organs during pregnancy.
Alternative Names
Pregnancy sonogram; Obstetric ultrasonography; Obstetric sonogram; Ultrasound – pregnancy
How the test is performed
You will lie down for the procedure. The person performing the test places a clear, water-based gel on your belly and pelvis area and then moves a hand-held probe over the area. The gel helps the probe transmit sound waves. These waves bounce off the body structures, including the developing baby, to create a picture on the ultrasound machine.
In some cases, a pregnancy ultrasound may be done by placing the probe into the vagina. For information on this procedure, see transvaginal ultrasound.
How to prepare for the test
A full bladder is necessary to get a good picture. Therefore, you may be asked to drink 2 to 3 glasses of liquid an hour before the test. You should not urinate before the procedure.
How the test will feel
There may be some discomfort from pressure on the full bladder. The conducting gel may feel slightly cold and wet. You will not feel the ultrasound waves.
Why the test is performed
Some doctors order an ultrasound when they think there may be a problem with the pregnancy or if there is a question about how far along the pregnancy is. Others advocate screening ultrasounds. You should consult your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate scanning schedule for you.
A pregnancy ultrasound may be done in the first trimester to:
- Confirm a normal pregnancy
- Determine the baby's age
- Look for problems, such as ectopic pregnancies or the chances for a miscarriage
- Determine the baby's heart rate
- Look for multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)
- Identify problems of the placenta, uterus, cervix, and ovaries
A pregnancy ultrasound may also be done in the second and third trimesters to:
- Determine the baby's age, growth, position, and sometimes gender
- Identify any developmental problems
- Look for multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)
- Look at the placenta, amniotic fluid, and pelvis
Some centers are now performing a pregnancy ultrasound around 9 – 13 weeks of pregnancy to look for signs of Down syndrome or other developmental problems in the developing baby. This test is often combined with blood tests to improve the accuracy of results.
The total number of scans will depend on whether a previous scan or blood test has detected problems that require follow-up testing.
Normal Values
The developing baby, placenta, amniotic fluid, and surrounding structures are normal in appearance and appropriate for the gestational age.
Note: Normal results may vary slightly. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results mean
Abnormal ultrasound results may be due to some of the following conditions:
- Birth defects
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Multiple pregnancies
- Miscarriage
- Problems with the baby's position in the womb
- Problems with the placenta, including placenta previa and placental abruption
- Too little amniotic fluid
- Too much amniotic fluid ( polyhydramnios)
- Tumors of pregnancy, including gestational trophoblastic disease
- Other problems with the ovaries, uterus, and remaining pelvic structures
What the risks are
Current ultrasound techniques appear to be safe, and there is no documented risk to women or their developing babies. Ultrasound does not involve radiation, such as that used when taking an x-ray.


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Advanced Condenser Systems: Abbe Condensers
Silver Nitrate Crystallites
The images below compare performance of the Intel Play QX3 Computer Microscope with and without the aid of an organized cone of illumination from a simple two-lens Abbe substage condenser containing an aperture diaphragm. These photomicrographs are unretouched and were captured with the QX3 interactive software.
The nitrate salt of silver is one of the most useful salts from this precious metal. Silver nitrate is used in photography, the manufacturing of mirrors, silver plating, indelible inks, hair dyeing, coloring ceramics, and etching ivory. The chemical is also very important as a reagent in analytical chemistry to precipitate halogens.
Birefringent Silver Nitrate Crystallites
The images above were recorded using the Intel Play QX3 microscope in transmitted brightfield mode equipped with crossed polarizers and a full-wave retardation plate. On the top is a digital image from a stock QX3 microscope using auxiliary illumination provided by a fiber optic light pipe through a hole drilled into the mixing chamber. The image on the bottom was recorded using the QX3 microscope body and a simple two-lens Abbe low numerical aperture substage condenser.
Questions or comments? Send us an email.
© 1995-2019 by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida State University. All Rights Reserved. No images, graphics, software, scripts, or applets may be reproduced or used in any manner without permission from the copyright holders. Use of this website means you agree to all of the Legal Terms and Conditions set forth by the owners.
This website is maintained by our


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iPhone 5 pre-orders will begin tonight at 12:01 am Pacific Time (that's 3:01 am ET, 8:01 am BST). Sprint will star pre-orders at the same time, Verizon will start 1 minute earlier, and AT&T... hasn't said yet. Apple, for their part, has confirmed the time to Wired.
Because of the glut of people trying to pre-order, web sites can grind to a halt and even come crashing down. Stay patient. Keep trying. Get multiple machines at play if you have to. Copy/paste or screenshot any important order or transaction numbers. Breathe. Need help?
- AT&T vs Verizon vs Sprint: Which iPhone 5 should you get?
- 16GB, 32GB, or 64GB: Which iPhone 5 storage size should you get?
I'll probably be lining up next week instead of ordering, but if you are going to brave the web tonight, make sure you jump into our iPhone 5 Forum and join our waiting for iPhone 5 pajama party thread. We'll be hanging out with the staff and readers, having fun, and giving away cool accessory prizes to the people posting.
So get on over there and tell us what color, capacity, and carrier you're be ordering. Seriously, there's no better way to wait!
Now set your alarms! (And if you haven't already, make sure you enter to win your iPhone for FREE from iMore)
Source: Wired.


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The not-for-profit site that hosts my studio, Art on the Net ("art.net"), has been around for some time, as artists' sites go. I, along with over 125 artists on art.net, curate and maintain our own Internet studios. Many of us display nudity and sexual images.
art.net has been an active participant in the struggle to preserve free speech on the Internet. As a result, art.net artists have become witnesses (read testimony, page 224), giving testimony in lawsuits filed by the ACLU.
I have been invited to testify as a witness in an upcoming New Mexico hearing for the complaint: ACLU v. Johnson. I was selected from among many artists at art.net because, I was told, my display "goes right to the heart of the complaint."
You can reference examples of this, starting with images on this page, then look at a life drawing lesson, and perhaps you would like to read just one of several reasons I use nudity in my art. I look forward to testifying in my capacity as an artist member of art.net, which is one of many Plaintiffs named in this case.
Testimony will take place in Albuquerque, the week of June 22, 1998. I will be returning to the San Francisco Bay Area June 28. After returning, and as soon as possible, I will give you a report about what happened. Wish me luck!


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VATICAN CITY, March 22 (UPI) -- Pope Francis called on members of Roman Catholic Church's diplomatic service Friday to fight against poverty and work for peace.
The pope's comments came during his first audience with ambassadors of the Holy See, headquarters of the church, ANSA reported.
Francis asked the ambassadors to "work to build peace" and said "there can be no peace without truth."
The pope appealed to his audience to "protect those who suffer as a result of poverty."
Francis said there are "many poor people ... still in the world" and told the diplomatic corps to "guard those who suffer because of indigence."


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No Worries
Dealing with water damage is a very stressful situation. It is important to us to make this process as worry-free as possible to our customers. All of our technicians are certified to provide you with a professional and top-notch experience.
Our Techniques
American Water Damage certified technicians use industry leading techniques to assure your home is restored and cleaned quickly, safely, and to your satisfaction. Learn more about our techniques by clicking the button below.


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Jessica 'Rich' Rabbit (Of Vh1's Real Chance Of Love) Shuts Down Rumors Of Her Creepin With Nelly & Is Not The Reason Why Ashanti Split Up With Nelly
JESSICA RICH aka Rabbit from Vh1 Real Chance of Love clearing up false rumors
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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The spirit of God moves wherever it will. Sometimes, it moves a church family into an old Coke warehouse on S.C. 9 Bypass that's been transformed into a worship center.
That's what Christian Assembly Worship Center did in October 2008. Today, its congregation will celebrate Easter Sunday inside a state-of-the-art facility that's equipped with the latest technology.
"We're really looking forward to it," said it's pastor Marvin Tennant.
I stood in the living room of Granny Summers' house early one Easter Sunday afternoon with my thoughts running wild. The window shades were pulled down and the front door was shut tight.
After a covered-dish, resurrection day dinner that included just about any and everything that Granny, Momma and my five aunts could dream up, I was daydreaming until Aunt Judy's voice brought me back into reality.
The very first Easter baskets were given the appearance of bird nests to include renewal and springtime into the holiday that commemorates Jesus' resurrection.
You can use that as a theme to make these kid-friendly, crowd-pleasing Chow Mein Noodle Birds Nest Cookies.
Sometimes I find myself sitting in front of a laptop at a kitchen table with two other adults who are also on laptops.
It's probably the geekiest thing ever.
All three of us are likely catching up with friends, taking dumb quizzes or even chatting with each other online – yes, each other, even as we sit at the table together – on the social network – Facebook.
I tried the MySpace thing, but it didn't take. I forgot my password and could never log on again.
HEATH SPRINGS – Twenty years from now, Tucker and Thomas Adams are going to be old hands at farming.
After raising 25 chickens last summer, the brothers have been raising two pigs as part of a 4-H market pig project.
And under their watchful eyes and attention for the last four months, those two pigs – 13 and 35 – have grown from about 65 pounds each to almost 250 pounds.
Tucker, 9, is a third-grader at Heath Springs Elementary School, and Thomas, 10, is a fourth-grader. They have been in 4-H for two years.
The 2009 Relay For Life for Lancaster County is scheduled for 7 p.m. April 24 at Lancaster County Memorial Stadium. The annual American Cancer Society fundraiser brings teams of local volunteers together to support those diagnosed with cancer and cancer survivors.
But until then, the local 59 Relay For Life teams are working hard toward the $205,000 goal. The money is used to help fund cancer research and American Cancer Society programs.
The members of Ambrosia have been together for 39 years now.
The pop music act that climbed to the top of the charts in the 1970s and 1980s with Top-10 hits like "Biggest Part" and "How Much I Feel," along with John Ford Coley, will close out the 2008-09 Performing Arts Series at the University of South Carolina at Lancaster on Saturday night.
Show time is 7:30 p.m. and tickets are $50.
For an April Fools Day prank your family won't soon forget – get 'em when they least expect it – at the dinner table with this one-of-a-kind Baked Apples with SPAM Streusel recipe.
Editor's note: Each Sunday this month, in celebration of March as American Red Cross Month, The Lancaster News has honored local volunteers who are the cornerstone of what the agency does. From donating blood and helping military families to disaster relief and teaching CPR and first aid, 96 percent of the Red Cross work force is volunteers. Many of those who make a difference every day are your neighbors.
Like many, Laura Hinson was incensed to learn that someone had the gall to steal a mobile trailer from the Red Cross.
People around here have lots of reasons why they enjoy spending time keeping their yards looking beautiful. But Janie Faile probably has one of the most unique.
Faile says that at her age if she doesn't keep moving around and trying, she wouldn't be able to do anything else.
This "moving around and trying" has not only kept her active, it has earned her home, at 249 Holiday Road in Lancaster, the designation as Yard of the Month for March.
The lights of Lancaster Speedway were burning brightly on Saturday as local racers and racing fans alike welcomed the 2009 season at the half-mile dirt track. Here's a look at some of the infield and pits road action.
Grocery store aisles can be recipes for disasters.
Stacked with endless choices and bright labels, they can lead to all sorts of confusion for shoppers. When you throw in a medical condition, such as diabetes, the confusions quickly becomes frustration.
It's a never ending battle in trying to figure out what to eat, said Sherry Steele of Lancaster, who was diagnosed with diabetes about four weeks ago.
Lucy Morris will celebrate her 75th birthday Saturday. You'd think that after 57 years of marriage to her husband, Ben, 45 years with Springs Industries, two sons and eight grandchildren, she'd be ready to slow down.
But not Morris; she's just getting started.
"There's still a lot of life in us old folks," she said laughing. "Volunteering is a good way to stay busy."
Morris has been a critical cog of the local Red Cross volunteer network since 2004.
Volunteers with the local American Red Cross chapter will be out in force from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Saturday soliciting donations from shoppers at Wal-Mart during Red Cross Day of Caring.
Local director Gina Amato said March is Red Cross Month and the day was set up to let the community know what its local chapter does. An Emergency Response Vehicle will be on display and an information booth will be set up.
Diabetes has become the greatest American public health crisis of the next 25 years.
To address the burden of this disease, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is issuing an urgent call-to-action for Americans to find out their risk for type 2 diabetes during the 21st annual American Diabetes Alert Day.
Nearly 6 million Americans have diabetes, but don't know it.
Another 57 million Americans have pre-diabetes, placing them at increased risk.
There are two types of diabetes – type 1 and type 2.
Indian Land's new Council on Aging site manager brings heart to her job preparing activities and meals for area senior citizens.
Elvira Faulkner-McIlwain started her new role in December.
She is the second manager for the program since the sudden illness and death of former director Lynda Adams last June.
Faulkner-McIlwain retired from Joslyn Clark Controls after 32 years to care for her ailing mother. When she was ready to return to the workforce, she started looking for a part-time job.
This year in the classroom, the county's 900-plus fourth-graders become acquainted with astronomers such as Galileo Galilei and Edmund Halley for the first time.
Outside the classroom – at the pool inside the Gregory Health and Wellness Center at the University of South Carolina at Lancaster, they become acquainted with "Miss Anne."
Miss Anne is Anne Small, a certified Red Cross swim instructor and aquatics director at USCL.
Years from now, these students might not recall
Bluegrass music is gaining popularity around Lancaster and the Master's Men fellowship group of High Point Free Will Baptist Church are using it to help folks in the community.
The church, at 2095 Great Falls Highway, is holding a gospel bluegrass fundraiser from 1 to 6 p.m. Saturday to help defray the costs of local service projects it undertakes.
Amission is a $6 donation and the concert will feature CrossHeirs, Thompson Creek, New Fire, Toby Creek and Easy Pickin.' Refreshments and food will be sold.
I was greeted with much enthusiasm by Kristin Scott Benson when we talked by phone Wednesday. We hadn't talked in 15 years.
Her name may not ring a bell for most of you, but for those of you headed to The Grascals concert at the University of South Carolina at Lancaster at 7:30 p.m. Saturday, you'll soon be acquainted with the bluegrass band's talented banjo player. The concert is part of USCL Educational Foundation's 2009 Performing Arts Series.
YORK – Mystery surrounds the origins of an unlikely object – an antique sewing basket.
But its roots may lie in eastern Lancaster County.
The basket was purchased in 1998 by the Culture and Heritage Museums in York County. There, its authenticity and approximate date of origin was verified as around 1850, consistent with the style and weaving techniques of African slaves at that time.
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