text:
|Irvine, Calif.
|High School:
|Northwood HS
Cory Yoshida played in 19 games, making 18 starts...She tallied two assists as well as 12 shots on goal.
As a sophomore, Cory Yoshida once again played in all 22 matches, boasting 18 starts...Scored one goal and a pair of assists for four total points...Her goal came in a 4-1 win at UC Davis...Had assists against Cal State Bakersfield and Cal State Northridge...Yoshida's assist at Northridge came on the game-winner in a 3-2 victory...Six of her nine shots were on frame.
Yoshida was one of only two freshmen to play in all 22 matches and had six starts...Had 15 shot attempts, seven of which were on goal...Posted a pair of goals and pair of assists this season...Scored the only Gaucho goal in 1-2 loss at UCLA.
Cory Yoshida prepped at Northwood High School in Irvine...Coached by Steve Tatone and Chris Woolley...A three-time First Team All-Orange County choice...Primarily a defender in high school, Yoshida was named Sea View League MVP in 2005 and 2007...In 2008, she anchored a defense that had 17 shutouts and allowed just four goals in 10 league matches...Also tallied five goals from her defender slot...Selected First Team All-Sea View League in 2006, 2007, and 2008...A First Team All-Pacific Coast League choice in 2005...Became the first freshman to earn Pacific Coast League MVP honors after leading Northwood to the league title...Played for Laguna Hills Eclipse at the club level...Coached by Abner Rodgers...Was part of the 2006 Premier League championship team...Competed for the ODP Cal South 90 State Team from 2003-2007...Was on the ODP Cal South 90 Regional Team in 2003, 2006, and 2007...Helped her ODP squad to the regional championship in 2005 and 2007...In 2007, Yoshida attended National Camp in Stockton, Calif.
Born February 8, 1990 in Los Angeles, Calif....Daughter of Ron and Kelly Yoshida...Competed in swimming as a freshman high school athlete in 2005...Member of the Principal's Honor Roll all four years at Northwood High School...Earned Northwood's Charter Oak Award and a Bank of America Award for Applied Arts/Trades...Undeclared major.
Career Statistics
Year GP-GS Shots Goals Assists Points 2008 22-6 15 2 2 6 2009 22-18 9 1 2 4 2010 19-18 12 0 2 2
Totals 44-24 24 3 4 10


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
International diplomats and Jewish jurists from Israel and the US met at the United Nations on Monday to debate whether the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was helping or hindering the Palestinian "refugee" issue, and by extension, the peace process.
The event was organized by The International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists and the American Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists, both of which argued that by granting an unprecedented separate refugee status to Palestinians, the UN had put peace further out of reach.
UNRWA was founded in 1949 with the express goal of providing humanitarian aid to Arabs displaced by Israeli-Arab war a year earlier. It was and remains the only UN refugee agency established for a particular people group.
Originally, UNRWA's mandate, like those of other refugee agencies, included resettlement of the refugee population. But, as Israeli Ambassador to the UN Ron Prosor pointed out at Monday's debate, that particular clause was deliberately removed from the UNRWA mandate in 1965. "They have perpetuated the problem instead of solving it," said Prosor.
In fact, UNRWA has done more than that. It has turned a relatively minor refugee issue into a global crisis by breaking all the rules and granting refugee status to the descendants of those original refugees.
As former Knesset Member Einat Wilf stated, there is absolutely no reason that a Palestinian child living in Gaza four or five generations removed from the 1948 war should be considered a refugee.
And that brought up another issue. Millions of these so-called refugees are living in Palestinian Authority-controlled areas in Judea, Samaria and Gaza. While they may not be living in the exact cities from which their great-grandparents hailed in 1948, they are still living in the same land and under their own autonomous government. Simply put, they do not fit the traditional, internationally-accepted definition of a refugee.
And yet, they continue to be granted refugee status and used as pawns in the peace process.
In neighboring Jordan, many of the Palestinians there have been granted local citizenship. They are resettled, and yet, they are still listed as refugees.
Prosor said all this is fueling a very dangerous notion: the idea that one of the results of the peace process will be a "right of return" under which these millions of so-called "refugees" will flood into Israel-proper.
"UNRWA fuels false promises and gives grievance to dangerous myths," said Prosor. "We have heard time and time again that settlements are the major hurdle to peace. In these halls, no one will admit that the real obstacle is the so-called 'claim to return.'"
The primary reason Israel is so reluctant to go too far in negotiations is that Palestinian leaders continue to hold fast to this "right of return," which is bolstered by the UN itself.
Some at Monday's meeting suggested that America and major European powers, which are UNRWA's chief funders, simply cut off the cash flow. But Prosor and other Israeli representatives said that wouldn't work.
UNRWA, with the happy cooperation of the Palestinian Authority and other Arab regimes, has created a massive population that far outstrips the original number of refugees and that is today reliant on humanitarian aid.
Were UNRWA to cease existing, Israel would be obligated to provide for this population. And if it did not or could not, then the now-starving "refugees" would become an even more effective political tool against the Jewish state.
Prosor and others said the solution is for UNRWA and the UN to start treating the Palestinian refugee issue under the same rules and norms as all other refugee situations in modern history, excluding the 800,000 Jewish refugees from Arab nations, for whom the UN took no responsibility and provided no assistance.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Nov 13, 2007
EDGE Publications Launches Chicago Gay News and Entertainment Portal
For Immediate Release Nov 13, 2007
Chicago, IL - EDGE Publications, Inc. in partnership with Windy City Times today announced the official launch of EDGEchicago.com, a new online destination with news and entertainment serving Chicago's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community.
EDGEchicago.com delivers eight major channels of information to its readers, including daily news, arts & entertainment, business & technology, health & fitness, style, weather, sports and travel. Additional channels provide local coverage of nightlife, shopping, lodging, dining, plus a local business directory and calendar of events.
The site joins a family of market-leading online publications currently serving readers in Boston, New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Miami, Dallas, Ft. Lauderdale, Providence, Provincetown and greater New England.
"We're very excited to launch Chicago as we continue to increase our national reach," said EDGE Publisher David Foucher. "Often considered the Midwest destination for the LGBT community, Chicago has a thriving and diverse scene. Together with the Windy City Times, we're excited to deliver local and national coverage of news, entertainment, nightlife and more to Boystown and beyond."
Windy City Times, the most established gay and lesbian community newspaper in Chicago, has partnered with EDGE to provide a variety of local stories each week.
"We're happy to add this great new way to access the work of our diverse team of writers and photographers," said Tracy Baim, Publisher and co-founder of Windy City Times.
The new publication is available at http://www.EDGEchicago.com.
EDGE is an online community destination dedicated to the delivery of local, national and world content targeted to the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community in a fair, entertaining and interactive format. The company publishes online in Boston MA, New York NY, San Francisco CA, Miami FL, Dallas TX, Chicago IL, Philadelphia PA, Fort Lauderdale FL, Providence RI and Provincetown MA. Learn more about EDGE at http://www.edgeonthenet.com.
Windy City Media Group is the producer of Windy City Times, Nightspots, WindyCityQueercast, and Identity. Learn more about Windy City Media Group at http://www.windycitymediagroup.com.
# # #
For more information:
John Welton
Director Public Relations


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BuildDirect necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 30 diseños de 3 diseñadores freelance.
BuildDirect is the world's largest online manufacturer-wholesaler of building materials. We sell flooring, roofing, siding, decking, landscape and kitchen & bath products at manufacturer-direct prices. Since our launch in 1999, satisfied customers in every state in the U.S. plus over 60 countries around the globe have helped us become one of the fastest growing building products companies in the world.
Budget-conscious consumers, builders and contractors looking to research and/or purchase flooring. Our main demographic are 35-54 year old men and women. Although we are a global retailer, we're only targeting a US-based audience with these landing pages.
We are looking to gain THREE new landing page designs from this contest. Each submission must contain THREE different designs. We are not looking for 3 different designs; a mix of one design would be acceptable.
The landing pages being created are for our FLOORING products. We are focusing on LAMINATE, HARDWOOD, ENGINEERED, BAMBOO & TRAVERTINE. Although we are only asking for 3 landing pages, we'd like to concentrate on only ONE product category per landing page.
For images and content, please feel free to use our website and also the attached data feed. We have attached a few examples of ideal landing pages. One of our favorites is the BOSE landing page as it is clean, simple and concise.
We would like there to be at least THREE products shown on the page to give the consumer a broader choice. A CLEAR call to action is important. We do not use forms on our site apart from the checkout process. One tip would be to advertise our 'Free Samples with Free Shipping' policy.
EDIT: We have recently signed on a new home renovations expert, Debbie Travis, which we'll be featuring on our site soon. I have included our site landing page for Debbie Travis as well as custom icons for her "recommended products." Please try to incorporate this new element into one of your designs. If there are any questions, please ask. We are extending the contest to allow for new designs to come in with this theme.


text:
Hover needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 6 designs submitted by 5 freelance designers.
Global Resorts
We are a small private company marketing a third party travel/vacation membership.
People/families that vacation often or wish to vacation a lot more and at a really cheap price.
Need to get a square DVD Box front cover.
I need to be able to print it really nicely onto a 5"x5" DVD box.
5-min video explanation here, please watch this first:
My sketch is attached
On the wing logo, instead of "Vacationer's Choice...since 1986"
Put "Global Resorts...Network" with 2006 in the space between the shoulders of the two wings.
Emblem itself: http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-ph…signia.php
"Beach Color example link"
"ING Color example link"
Exact spelling below:
Buy On Site? No!
Buy Reseller Market? No!
Buy 1-time Use Online? No!
"Discover the 4th Path: How to Stay
At Timeshare Resorts Dirt Cheap. Vacation
Insider Reveals what Resorts DON'T Want
You To Know."
Handwriting in star-burst:
Watch Now! Fast & Fun Video.
Over 50,000 members joined
after seeing this info. Are you next?


text:
New financial disclosure rules received initial approval from the Boulder City Council on Tuesday night.
The new rules were adopted unanimously on first reading and without comment, but Mayor Matt Appelbaum noted that doesn't mean council members support all the provisions.
A second reading and public hearing will be scheduled this spring.
The financial disclosure draft ordinance seeks to provide more clarity around the reporting requirements for candidates and City Council members.
It would change the reporting date from within three days of a nominating petition being accepted for candidates to Sept. 10, and from September to April 15 for sitting council members, in accordance with the tax filing deadline.
The reporting period previously was defined only as the past year, not making it clear whether that referred to the past 12 months or the previous calendar year.
The new rules would make it so that sources of income would be reported for the previous calendar year, while all other disclosures would be as of the time of filing.
Any substantial changes have to be reported within 15 days of the end of the quarter in which those changes occurred.
Candidates and council members would continue to have to name any sources of income from which they earned more than $1,000, but would not have to say how much they earned from those sources.
The new ordinance would require candidates to report the sources of income for their spouses or domestic partners as well. The revised language defines "other household income" to make it clear it refers to spouses' or partners' income.
Council members wouldn't have to disclose investments that are part of mutual funds or pension plans where they don't have direct control over investment decisions.
Council members would also continue to have to report their participation in any business entities or partnerships with holdings within the Boulder Valley Comprehensive Plan. However, they only would have to list the property owned by those business partnerships if they have more than 50 percent of the shares in that partnership. Previously, "controlling interest" was not defined.
Contact Camera Staff Writer Erica Meltzer at 303-473-1355 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Send Results to This Email:
Street Address:
Street Address:
The owner of the 96-unit Hickory Hills apartment complex at 3481 Graceland Drive and 3491 Graceland Drive in Whitehaven has filed a $3.3 million loan on the property.
Hickory Hills LLC filed the multifamily deed of trust, assignment of leases and rents, security agreement and fixture filing Feb. 26 through Walker & Dunlop LLC.
Paul D. Montgomery signed the deed as president of Salt Lake City-based Property Asset Management Inc., the managing entity of the borrower.
The Class C multifamily property sits on the southwest corner of Winchester Road and Graceland Drive.
Built in 1967, the 3481 Graceland Drive parcel has 52 units in multiple buildings containing 59,932 square feet. The Shelby County Assessor of Property's 2013 appraisal was $1.2 million.
Built in 1968, the 3491 Graceland Drive parcel has 44 units in multiple buildings containing 51,230 square feet. The assessor's 2013 appraisal was $1.3 million.
Source: The Daily News Online & Chandler Reports
– Daily News staff
The Shelby County Election Commission isn't taking a stand on the Shelby County Commission's plan to convert the Shelby County Schools board to a nine-member body.
But the commission will file a brief urging U.S. District Judge Samuel "Hardy" Mays to rule soon on the plan.
Candidates in the August nonpartisan Shelby County Schools board and judicial races have until April 3 at noon to file their qualifying petitions for the ballot.
Election Commission attorney John Ryder said the commission is filing a brief in federal court that will urge Mays to act quickly in his review of the new districts.
Mays has to rule on the redistricting plan under terms of the court consent decree governing the reformation of public education in Shelby County.
Election commissioners have said they need word from Mays on the plan at least a month from the filing deadline to be able to adjust the ballot. Candidates have been pulling petitions since January for a 13-district school board that covers all of Shelby County, including the six suburbs that are excluded from the nine-district school board plan. Mays has not indicated when he might rule.
– Bill Dries
Dunavant Transportation Group continues to add to its ranks.
Patrick Ellrich recently joined Dunavant Transportation as the terminal manager of its Charlotte, N.C., location.
Ellrich will be responsible for overseeing all aspects of the terminal's operations, including supervision of intermodal dispatchers, driver management, recruitment and retention, customer service and increasing profitability through greater efficiency.
Ellrich joins Dunavant Transportation from the Atlanta offices of Comtrak, where he oversaw load planning, customer service, and dispatch for more than 150 trucks in the Atlanta and Charlotte markets.
Dunavant also recently hired a new terminal manager in Nashville and driver recruitment and relations manager for its Dunavant Sea Lane Express subsidiary.
– Amos Maki
Tennessee Senate Majority Leader Mark Norris is among two southerners leading the Council of State Governments.
The Collierville Republican will serve as chair of the group based in Lexington, Ky. Former chair and West Virginia Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin will serve as president.
CSG executive director David Adkins says Tomblin was an effective advocate for the states during his legislative service when he served as chair of CSG's Southern Legislative Conference and then as CSG's national chair.
Adkins says Norris has gained a national reputation for his willingness to take on tough issues and find consensus.
Tomblin and Norris have selected workforce development as the CSG Leaders' Initiative for 2014.
– The Associated Press
A rising stock market and a more optimistic outlook among younger Americans pushed up a measure of U.S. consumer sentiment in February.
The University of Michigan says its index of consumer sentiment rose to 81.6 from 81.2 in January.
The harsh winter weather had a modest impact. The survey found Americans are more upbeat about their prospects than at any time in the past six months. And those under age 35 were the most optimistic in six years about their future incomes.
At the same time, the cost of home heating caused some older Americans to take a dimmer view of their finances.
Survey director Richard Curtin says consumers' resilience in the face of cold weather bodes well for future spending.
This winter's record snowfalls haven't been widespread enough to create anything more than typical high water farther south on the Mississippi River, National Weather Service hydrologist Jeff Graschel said.
The river was expected to be at or near flood stage Sunday in Cairo, Ohio, where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers meet, but that's likely to be brief, and effects farther south are unlikely so far, said Graschel, at the weather service office in Slidell, La.
Although rain in the next three to five days in parts of the Ohio River Valley might change the prediction, he said, "Right now we're looking at about a day right at flood stage levels."
That would cause minor flooding typical of the season in that area, affecting mostly farmland, he said.
Heavier snowfall in the Mississippi or Ohio valleys later this year could change things, but there aren't any current climate signals that it's likely, he said.
"We've had some big snows in areas like Chicago and Wisconsin and portions of Minnesota," he said.
"But you need a very large extent of that record snow to give us impacts on the Mississippi."
The number of Americans who signed contracts to buy homes was essentially flat in January, a possible sign of a softening real estate market.
The National Association of Realtors said Friday that its seasonally adjusted pending home sales index inched up 0.1 last month to 95.
The index has fallen 9 percent over the past 12 months as sales momentum has faded.
Pending sales are a barometer of future purchases: A one- to two-month lag usually exists between a signed contract and a completed sale.
Higher mortgage rates, rising prices and a tight supply of homes have restricted sales in recent months. Snowstorms across much of the country also delayed purchases.
The Realtors project that sales will total 5 million this year, down from 5.1 million in 2013.
Ian Shepherdson, chief economist at Pantheon Marcoeconomics, thinks home buying could slow further through March.
"The bad news is that existing-home sales need to fall a bit further to move fully into line with the pending-sales index," he said in a client note.
The rising costs of buying a home have contributed to a slowdown in signed contracts over the past seven months. Sales of existing homes plummeted in January to the weakest pace in 18 months, the trade group said last week.
Some of the price pressures will be eased if more homes come onto the market in the months ahead. One way to increase the supply is through the construction of new homes, a sector not measured by the Realtors' indicator on sales.
Copyright 1995 -
by The Daily News Publishing Co. Inc. - All Rights Reserved


text:
DanIT needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 94 designs submitted by 26 freelance designers.
We are an Irish gift shop that sells Ireland's best and most authentic gifts worldwide. We built the company based on the need for quality goods instead of imitation knockoffs that many other companies sell.
Irish Americans, Higher end merchandise
Name must be included : ShamrockGift.com
Phrase underneath: Quality Irish Gifts
We need great creativity on this one!
The logo must present authority, and authenticity. ShamrockGift.com is the number one thing we are branding.
We don't want it to be over serious, but at the same time not cheezy Irish...no lepracauns, pots of gold or pints of Guinness.
Thanks & feel free to ask questions and we look forward to seeing your design.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
As Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas ramps up his campaign for a United Nations vote on statehood in September, the Gaza Strip is buzzing with speculation that Israel and radical Palestinian elements could derail the effort with cross-border violence.
Militants in the Hamas-run territory recently launched Qassam rockets into Israel for the first time in three months, breaking a tenuous cease-fire and drawing retaliatory attacks from Israel. Israel said yesterday that 24 rockets have been fired on its territory so far this month.
Many Gazans blame Israel for provoking the violence in a bid to torpedo not only the UN statehood bid but also a tentative reconciliation deal between Hamas and its secular rival, Fatah. The unity deal, which is hung up on final details, would end a four-year internal divide and allow the rivals to present a united front against Israel.
Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has urged President Abbas, who also heads Fatah, not to reconcile with the Islamist Hamas movement, Abbas's bitter foe and considered to be a terrorist group by the US and Israel.
"Israel will save no effort to spoil the agreement. Israel well knows the renewal of violence along the Gaza-Israel borders will hamper the Palestinian efforts for both statehood and reconciliation," says Mukhaimar Abu Saada, a Gaza-based political analyst and writer. "This also means that Israel can no more use the internal Palestinian conflict as an excuse to avoid carrying out its obligations regarding peace talks and solving the prolonged conflict with the Palestinians."
Who's behind the escalation?
But some analysts say influential members of Hamas's military wing who oppose the reconciliation with Fatah might be behind the last round of violence.
"Hamas had to sign the reconciliation agreement because of popular pressure as well as losing its patron, the Syrian regime, which is now busy working to extinguish a popular revolution that aims to topple the government there," says Atef Abu Saif, a professor of political science at Al-Azhar University in Gaza.
Now that Hamas is not coming under any pressure, says Prof. Abu Saif, there are many Hamas military commanders who are unwilling to reconcile with Fatah and are not ready to give up the fortune and power they have gained since 2007, when they took over Gaza, formerly controlled by Fatah.
"Knowing the fact that Israel cannot launch a war because of the regional developments, those Hamas commandos might have attempted to open a new front in the fight against Israel to distract from the growing calls to finalize the reconciliation pact," he says.
Hamas officials, however, hold Israel responsible for the military escalation, accusing it of creating pretexts to carry out more attacks on Gaza.
"We have agreed on a truce, and it's Israel who broke it, not the Palestinians. The international community should see who is attacking the other," says Mushir al-Masri, a Hamas member of Parliament. "We will fight back if the Israelis keep targeting us."
Israel's retaliation
The limited escalation that began on July 13 and eventually left three Palestinians dead and 25 others injured comes after months of quiet along the Gaza-Israel borders. The violence erupted after seven rockets fired from Gaza landed in neighboring Israeli communities, drawing a fierce Israeli military response.
Prior to this month, the previous round of violence took place in April when Gaza militants attacked an Israeli school bus with a missile, killing an Israeli schoolboy. Israel at the time responded with several air strikes, killing at least 20 Palestinians, three children among them.
Israel says its attacks on militant targets are not meant to escalate violence with the Palestinians, but rather deter Gaza militants from sending their rockets into Israeli communities and killing civilians. Israel has also accused Hamas, which maintains an unofficial truce with the Jewish state, of not having full control over rocket throwers, despite its attempts to prevent them.
Tensions are running high over the possibility of a new Israeli offensive on the Hamas-ruled coastal enclave. But not everyone thinks the situation will turn into a new war between Israel and the Palestinians, like the 22-day Operation Cast Lead that started in December 2008 with the aim of putting an end to rocket fire from Gaza. The war left 13 Israelis and more than 1,400 Palestinians dead.
Hani Habib, a political analyst and a former journalist in Gaza, says that Israel may intentionally provoke rocket attacks by Gazan militants with rocket attacks of its own and assassinations of Gazan political and militant leaders. Israel, he says, could then use the incidents to gain support from the international community.
"Such groups provide Israel with excuses to show that Gaza is a terror mob that only thinks of getting rid of the Jews," Mr. Habib says.
"These groups will definitely respond against Israel, and this will get international support for Israel's position."


text:
New Set
Set Design: Steve Gilliam
The Index of Designs link includes sketches, drawings and photos from additional SLG Designs. The work at these sites has been created by Steve and Sam Gilliam and are the property of SLG Design & Creative Talent . Contact us if you are interested in these or other production designs for your theatre. We can and do adapted designs for individual theatre. firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Thursday, March 05, 2009
Immortal and Undying
First, I would like to make it clear that I respect these achievements. I consider guilds with Immortal (and Undying to a lesser extent) to be very skilled. In my experience, you almost always mess up on Immortal because you made a mistake, not because of randomness or factors out of your control. Especially as a healer, Immortal represents perfection. You get Immortal, you did the instance perfectly, and that is something to be applauded. In my opinion, a raid should always be striving for that perfection, even if they fall short most of the time.
However, on Tuesday my 10-man group went for an Undying attempt. Most of us had cleared Naxxramas together the previous two weeks, so we were pretty comfortable with each other. We went deep into Naxx, perfect on every boss up to Kel'Thuzad. Facing KT with an Undying on the line is a rush. We start the fight, go through phase 1 fine, KT comes alive and then the main tank fails to move out of a Shadow Fissure. Instant death. Achievement lost.
Do you know what I felt at that moment?
Profound relief.
I wasn't upset or angry or disappointed or even sad. All I could feel was relief that I wasn't the one who screwed up!
We actually killed KT that attempt. The OT took over tanking, and we battle-ressed the main tank. The poor guy was so flustered that he ended up dying to another Shadow Fissure. And this was someone who had done KT successfully the previous two weeks. The off-tank had to tank KT and the adds for the rest of the fight.
Why was I so relieved? Because the cost of dying was so high. You basically cost everyone else in the raid a week's worth of effort. If it was a mistake on a normal fight, you wipe, pick yourself up and try again. All you really lose is 10 minutes and some gold.
Secondly, the social cost is very high for a single mistake. In the back of your mind, you have to wonder if the group will ostracize you for that one mistake. Even if you think they won't, the weight of that potential ostracism is terrible. And you know, they might end up excluding you. If the raid leader puts together another Undying run next week, I don't think he's going to invite this tank. (The tank does have some connection issues that make the decision more understandable.) Despite the fact that this tank has run with us more or less successfully for the last three weeks.
And yet, I really enjoyed that run. People played skillfully. They concentrated hard, and that effort showed. The run was quick, clean, and efficient. If the Undying achievement did not exist, I would consider that to have been the best raid I have ever run in terms of sheer performance. This run was so much better than my usual experience for farm runs, where people start slacking off.
As well, I don't think I really like "altering tactics" for Immortal. Things like changing your spec to emphasize survival, or taking more healers than you would normally, or using Seal of Command instead of Seal of Blood. To me, Immortal represents perfection. And perfection is the product of execution, not something to be gamed. You play a certain way because that is the best way to play, not because it is the most survivable. Like, do I think my current 54/17/0 spec is the best spec? No, but it has the most survivability.
Perhaps an analogy will illustrate what I'm trying to get at. Baseball has a concept called a Perfect Game. 27 batters come up, and 27 batters go down without a single one making it to a base. It is the ultimate accomplishment for a pitcher, and something that every pitcher aspires to. But no pitcher wakes up and says, "Today, I'm going to pitch a perfect game." They just go out and pitch their best, and very rarely a pitcher is able to achieve that plateau of perfection.
Essentially, what I want is for Immortal to be a side-effect of playing perfectly, rather than a goal that is worked towards in and of itself. Something worth striving for all the time, but not something that requires playing in a different manner other than what you would consider your most effective.
27 comments:
I am Khassad the Undying since a few weeks and I agree with you, people play much better in this kind of run.ReplyDelete
In general, I love this kind of challenge, when "one error and everything is lost".
- Anonymous1:44 AM, March 06, 2009
I had a similar thing, except I'm a healer. Off tank is waiting for adds to spawn, gets Ice Blocked, I misclick and fail to heal him. Yes, that did suck, and I felt pretty damn stupid.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous3:25 AM, March 06, 2009
I understand the pressure but I do like achievements that ask people to just do the same stuff as normal - but as perfectly as they can. I like it much better than the undermanning achievements (leave people sitting outside when you don't have to?) or brute force achievements (kill faerlina without doing any of the parts of the fight that are actually fun?).ReplyDelete
We're going for Undying this week. But tbh I keep telling them that every week is really an Undying attempt :) We really don't need to totally overgear the instance to get it at all.
I only have the one title still "Champion of the Naruu" and really like The undying.ReplyDelete
I would prefer Justicar but thats a different story.
I really think that's the right way to see this achievement - as a side effect of perfect execution, almost accidently. I will ALWAYS strive for undying. But still I can understand if you'll get a bit shaky if you're at KT and it's just within your grasp.... Now or never. I really feel sorry for that tank.ReplyDelete
My guild will be starting serious Immortal attempts following this week's achievement clean up. It is one of three things we need for Heroic Glory of the Raider (along with 6min Malygos, and 20man Malygos).ReplyDelete
I don't think Immortal is the kind of thing that happens normally in the course of playing a "perfect" clear. Normally, I'd consider a perfect clear to be a quick one, during which you may lose people along the way. The focus is on clearing it in the least time, and taking risks that may lead to one or two people dying is acceptable if they provide a net speed increase. Doing Immortal will slow the raid down.
Its going to take very specific planning for us to have a shot at Immortal - including making sure we have 25 people that are 100% on board for taking Naxx seriously, and contingency plans in place for all the things that can go wrong.
I really feel bad for the Tank who died ...ReplyDelete
I also understand the relief you had when he died =P. It's really tough to have that much pressure on you.
- Anonymous7:24 AM, March 06, 2009
I too admire and respect those who have "The Immortal" and "The Undying" titles. Like you pointed out, it represents the pinnacle of raiding. You managed to clear the raid without anyone dying, and everyone was at the top of their game.ReplyDelete
I, however, have a different issue to bring to the table.
Why does everyone seem to think that 10 mans are less prestigous than 25 mans? You pointed out that you admire The Undying "to a lesser extent."
I even see this with blizz in the upcoming 3.1 - for 25 mans, you get emblems of conquest. For 10 man, you guys are going to be stuck with emblems of valor - and old badge loot (they have specifically said that they will not ever add new loot to the current badges).
Its kind of frustrating. You could argue that roping 25 people around an instance is a logistical nightmare (and I wouldn't disagree). You could also argue that on some bosses you have more abilities to deal with (and that is a truth).
I do not think it a lesser challenge for 10 people to clear the same content though. The dungeons are tuned for 10 men. If one dies, you are in a bigger, more precarious situation than in a 25 man.
Maybe my mystification comes from me getting to 70 late in BC, and never actually being able to raid (dinged 70 one week before the great nerf of patch 3.0).
I have seen some positives though - Most raiding guilds only care about 25 man progression, thus leaving 10 mans to your own. I have a regular Naxx 10 man that I raid with friends who are scattered through several different guilds. Its absoultely fantastic that we can raid together even through we are in separate guilds (we even joke that we have a progression going). But it doesn't make it any LESS challenging.
So, I challenge you BoK - Prove to me why 25 man is so prestigous compared to 10 man. Maybe this will change with Ulduar, when peeps realize that Ulduar is not a cakewalk like Naxx.
Rohan: Daez posted this comment, but to the zg post. I'm reposting it here.ReplyDelete
Having just completed the Undying achievement myself, I know where you're coming from, to an extent. While I like the idea behind such achievements, I think that they put a little too much pressure on what can sometimes be fragile strings.
We had a few people upset that we didn't choose to bring them... etc. Luckily, we managed to get our "Undying" titles the first time we made the effort at it - Otherwise I could very well see the same kind of thing happening as will likely happen to that tank. All told, the entire group was shaking like a leaf during our KT fight. I'm quite surprised we *didn't* have a death!
Incidentally, we found it easier to do it with Dedicated Few (maybe give that a try next time, by the way), because while it *sounds* harder, the less people you/the healers have to worry about, the easier it seemed to be. With a supreme tank (your OT sounds like one!) and 1 beast of a healer (with a dedicated off-heals/dpser who then respec'd to full heals on Saph and KT), it makes life much, much easier when going for the achievement. Less people meant less chance for a screwup. (Also made the thadius achievement easier ;) ).
Anyway, good luck and here's hoping you guys get it down. A little patience, and you will. And yeah... a failed attempt is a week wasted, but you've still got several more weeks to try. :)
@Chad S., maybe it's because I'm a healer. Our job is to keep everyone alive, and thus we see perfection as everyone staying alive.ReplyDelete
And even on these speed runs, were any of these deaths truly inevitable? Or were they just mistakes that you didn't have enough slack to compensate for?
@Anonymous, I don't know about 10 vs 25 man difficulty in general.
But in specific, Immortal is harder than Undying. Only 10 people have to be perfect, rather than all 25. If each person has just a 1% chance of making a critical mistake, a 10-man has a 90% chance of success, while a 25-man only has a 78% chance.
As well, Kel'Thuzad doesn't Mind Control in 10-man, and that's a *huge* source of variability and potential death.
I find some encounters/achievements harder in 10-man, and others harder on 25. Shocking was a piece of cake in our 10-man raid, but our 25-man has yet to achieve it for the simple reason that executing the same strategy perfectly 25 times is a lot harder than executing it perfectly 10 times. The same can be said for the Immortal vs. The Undying.ReplyDelete
Sartharion 3D on 10-man, on the other hand, is a whole lot harder than Sartharion 3D on 25, because there is no diffusion of responsibility and very little margin for error.
That aside, I understand exactly where you're coming from on this one, Rohan. I was the one who blew the Undying for my 10-man group last week, and for a stupid, stupid reason: I had my spell-effects turned all the way down to combat lag on our 3D attempts, and forgot to turn them back up again for Naxx. So I couldn't find a safe spot to stand when Grobbulus targeted me for his mutagen-thingie, and died. /shameface
It's been a debate that Sarth 3d 10man is alot harder than 25man version. Where if a dps dies in the 10man version you lose 15-20% of your total dps.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous10:56 AM, March 06, 2009
@herc: which doesn't matter at all- no enrage timer and mana shouldn't be a problem for healers just drag it outReplyDelete
I ruined our first immortal run, and it was the worst feeling. I think I'm gonna form a support group for those flustered failed individuals.ReplyDelete
Did you fail? Call the Immortal Hotline.
Its strange. On the one hand, I would love The Immortal accomplishment, as you say, it represents the full team executing flawlessly for ~3 hours without a slip-up. On the other hand, when somebody dies to something stupid early in the night. I mean really stupid like somebody faces the wrong way during Maexx and so when they get web wrapped they get flung all the way across the damn room and are out of range of the healers and web poppers and die. Its such a relief and you can just relax and have fun for the remaining 2:40.ReplyDelete
I can only imagine the pressure as you approach Sapph or KT with Immortal still within reach. I haven't personally died in Naxx in several weeks, but I bet the pressure would make me do silly things and lose focus.
- Anonymous6:19 PM, March 06, 2009
I have to partly agree and disagree with you on this one.ReplyDelete
I especially disagree with the baseball analogy. Ever seen a sportsman, who had his trousers miraculously fail midgame? (random disconnect by isp. Well, he should've better moved to a different city...)
But I can honestly agree on relief when it's over. We half-assedly tried it one night and bam, on the first fight (Patchwerk) I got oneshot - despite running in late (5-6 sec after the tanks). Dunno what glitch it was, if healers were slow on OTs or OTs were slow to run in... but the poor melee died.
It's still too random though. So much stuff can go wonky. People with connections stable for 2-3 months can have a bad night and DC 3x. Someone's PC could crash - for the first time in months. Or out of the blue a lagspike on Thaddius that kills 15 of 25. Sapph bugging and only 1 iceblock. (not 1-2 per side...)
All had that - and very glad we did no serious Undying attempts...
And I as a RaidLeader wouldn't want to bring any Melee really. - - Military Quarter - use Ranged weapons because of WW.
- KT - don't stack for iceblocks.
and to a lesser extent:
- Heigan.. you know why
- Gluth - hardly any AoE for Zombies
- Anonymous9:25 PM, March 06, 2009
we've gotten to KT with immortal in tact 5 times and lost it 5 different ways. Worst had to be the rogue getting MCed and destroying the tree druid with 29k damage in 1.5 seconds on the meters. We were like ...OMG NOOOO. Lost one to a healer blowing up next to a mana bomb. One on melee chaining ice blocks. its so frustrating.ReplyDelete
I just lost undying last night. We are 25 man raiding guild and we usualy used 10man as "charity" runs to gear up people that just got in raiding force.ReplyDelete
Several times we were close but we were wondering - if it's so easy - why don't we push it with strongest people.
We went yesterday. One overclip on Heigan, DK oftanked Zombies without hunter and did great, even did shocking on Thadius, which was great, no melee went on Zeliek and they went down.
Frostwyrm lair, everyone equiping FR gear to be safe more, 2nd air phase me as MT gets blocked while running back, one of best healers - druid, wonders if he gonna go behind me or behind block in middle of dpsers... Left, right, left, finally he decide to go right and don't make it.
We oneshot KT without deaths ofc... That druid almost quited guild.
I had to go to toilet (soz for details) since had stomack pain once we approached 4H out of pure stress.
I wonder about some things:
Is it worth it?
Is it worth that much stress?
Why best players usually fuck up?
What to do - pretend nothing happened or freak out?
Part of the problem with immmortal/undying is suddenly people are aware the clock is ticking. Funnily enough we almost got it back in december on our 3rd clear. One death on helgan for somebody on their 1st run and clear otherwise. But today we got through to kt and you could feel the tension. Frost bolt+MC and both ranged dps attacked the same healer:( dead in 1.7 seconds.ReplyDelete
Tomorrow we should get 6 min malygos and that means till wotlk people are going to be looking at the last achievement Immortal.
As a member of a small guild it irritates me to see 25 man content easier than 10 man content. Big guilds cruise through 10 man content with 25 man gear and call it a cakewalk.ReplyDelete
Your reasoning about a 10 man guild having a higher success rate is specious anyway. By that logic taking 5 people into naxx would give you 95% chance at success.
In reality the pressure that you describe in your post proves the exact opposite. The pressure on each individual to perform is magnified in 10 man. This explains why sarth10 3d is the hardest in the game.
While immortal is probably harder than undying, its because not being bad is more difficult than being good if you get my gist.
Modulok I keep see'ing this 10 man is "Harder" then 25 man and its not true.ReplyDelete
The single exception is sarth 3d. Both fights require 3 tanks. Except in 10 man 2 healers have to do the work of 6 and 5 dps have to do the work of 16. Too be honest a 15% drop in drake hp is all that would be needed to make the fights equal.
I love your baseball analogy, I think it plays with this example for numerous reasons. To get a perfect game, tons of things have to come together, most not in the pitcher's control. Into the later part of the game everyone starts thinking "has anyone gotten on base yet?" There are a ton of pitchers with 1 hit games, very few with no hitters, fewer still with perfect games. If it happens, it happens, you look back on it and remember fondly, but in my experience, as soon as you think that it might happen is when it doesn't. Personally, as a goalie, almost every single time I start thinking "hey, I havent given up any goals" is about the exact time one goes in. Can't explain it, just the way it happens, maybe I don't play well under pressure.ReplyDelete
I may be the only one that thinks these achievements are bad for the game.
- Anonymous6:37 AM, March 10, 2009
We've been 1 death short of undying, and it was due a disconnct at the wrong time, ( and yeah it wasn't me!) we weren't aiming for the title, but the moment it became reachable we got the little bug, I feel bad for the person who dc'd at the wrong time, and ended up dead, but there was no hard feelings, the times we have attempted it we have done the harder wings just to reduced the chance our hopes get dashed on a 4th wing.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous7:25 AM, March 10, 2009
meh *shrug* just keep running it again and again. again and again. then the title will be yours. But yeah. I so understand that whole "I was just so relieved it wasn't me what stuffed up". oh yes. social games can be very, very stressful. Everyone I've ever been in a guild with has been really, really nice, and mistakes are never really mentioned, but what does get talked about a lot is achievements, gear and damage stats. Yes, people in guilds do know what everyone's doing. And I love that social aspect. As someone who's a little lower than my guildies they seem to do quite a few runs just for me. I know it's not the same as for the title, but still. I don't really like going down. Anyway. On a warrior I was considering getting a shield, tanking set and re-specing for prot. Which is not really very me. I like to be a pure fury warrior, no talents in any other tree, just one or two gear for stam for levelling and pure fury for instances/raids. But for a title, it seems worth it. Although, as well as just staying alive, we still have to KILL them...ReplyDelete
- Shumate (magtheridon)7:30 AM, March 10, 2009
I play holy pally and got undying last week, the entire raid I was just scared that I was going to let someone die or eat a void zone, or not heal someone who was frost blasted, but everything was really smooth and easy (besides a rogue almost dying due to agroing an abom on kt)ReplyDelete
- Anonymous10:29 AM, March 12, 2009
I have mixed feelings about achievements in general. Most seem more like gimmicks than a real challenge.ReplyDelete
Interestingly enough, we came very close to this without trying in our early progression runs. Now it seems to be more difficult, maybe because we are overconfident of our abilities and gear while also being hyper aware of the achievement and doing more thinking about it than just playing our best.
Also, Sarth 3d 10 man is not the only fight that is more difficult in 10s than 25s, though all 10 man fights are not more difficult than 25s either (achievements are a different story). My personal feeling is they are so close it really isn't worth arguing about, though since Blizzard calls 25s 'heroic' and drops better loot I doubt we'll ever see an end to the debate.
The biggest challenge in 10s is you are more likely to lack key buffs and group synergies. For example, back in December several of our healers were worried about mana issues they were having in their first pug 10 run. Turns out no one had replenishment. In our fully buffed 25m guild runs they had no mana issues.
As for reducing the hp on the drakes in 10s, I'd also like to see an increase to hp and / or the damage output in 25m to increase the challenge. This would hold true for a number of 25m bosses as well. I for one was looking to 25s to be 'heroic' because of difficulty, not in dealing with lag and logistics.
- Anonymous5:09 PM, March 19, 2009
I'm a Resto shaman in a guild with 3x Undying and 1x Immortal. The only thing real drama we had on our Immortal run was a DK disconnecting in the middle of Thaddius about 10 seconds before polarity shift. We immediately had a priest Guardian Spirit him and moved the boss to the right side of the platform and prayed to God he wouldn't die. Luckily for us, he retained the same polarity charge of the side he was on originally and disappeared before the next polarity charge.ReplyDelete
Being one of the top-end raiding guilds on the server, you were sat if you fucked up. There are always 2-3 other players in your role sitting out and were ready to replace you on a moment's notice. This makes almost every run we do a near Immortal.
-Popsiclestix, Horde Frostwolf


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Onitsuka Tiger for J.Crew GSM™ sneakers
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Product Details
Founded by Kihachiro Onitsuka in 1949, Onitsuka Tiger is one of the world's first sneaker brands and an early running-shoe innovator. Kihachiro used the Latin motto "Anima Sana In Corpore Sano"—or "a sound mind in a sound body"—to describe his design philosophy, later rebranding the company with its initials, ASICS. Revived in 2001 as ASICS's heritage line, Onitsuka Tiger lives on today in reissues of the brand's most successful designs from the last 60 years, including the GSM, a sneaker that pays tribute to tennis styles from the '80s. It's available here in colors exclusive to J.Crew.
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Pius VIII, original name Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, (born Nov. 20, 1761, Cingoli, Papal States—died Nov. 30, 1830, Rome), Italian pope from March 1829 to November 1830.
Versed in canon law, he became vicar general at Anagni, and later at Fano, until 1800, when he was made bishop of Montalto by Pope Pius VII. He was imprisoned in 1808 during the French domination of Italy for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to Napoleon. In 1816 he was elevated to cardinal and appointed bishop of Cesena. He subsequently became bishop of Frascati and grand penitentiary (1821), a leading role in the Curia. Despite his ill health, Francesco, the candidate of France, was elected Pope Leo XII's successor on March 31, 1829, and was crowned on the following April 5.
In strictly ecclesiastical matters, Pius, a disciple of Pius VII, was generally broad-minded and conciliatory; he delegated foreign policy to his secretary of state, Cardinal Giuseppe Albani. Although he opposed liberal movements in Ireland and Poland, Pius accepted the July Revolution (1830) in France that deposed Charles X in favour of Louis-Philippe. Pius encouraged French ecclesiastics to endorse the new regime, hoping it would secure amiable ties with the papacy. He approved the decrees of the Council of Baltimore (October 1829), the first formal meeting of U.S. bishops.


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Opinion – Microsoft Is Going To Have A Hard Time Supporting The 360
Every time there's a new system that comes out, some gamers get nervous that there won't be any good games for the old platform anymore. And why should there be? Console manufacturers like Microsoft and Sony naturally want to migrate people over and spend their resources on the new system. So when a Microsoft executive says that the company plans to support the Xbox 360 for three years, I don't believe it.
Before the Xbox One came out, Yusuf Mehdi, Microsoft chief marketing and strategy officer, said, "We are going to continue to invest in Xbox 360 and the two devices [Xbox 360 and the Xbox One] can work in concert. So it isn't like the day we ship the Xbox One your [Xbox 360] won't work. We will continue to support it. In fact, we're going to ship over one hundred new games on Xbox 360."
Funnily enough, earlier in the year, Mehdi said they were shooting to still be selling 360s for the next five years, but we'll take the three years as the actual benchmark for support and not simply selling and making the old system.
How Microsoft defines "support" is hard to gauge, but if they're referring to games, shipping 100-plus games on a "dead" system is not hard to do. The original Xbox did so (barely) even after the Xbox 360 came out in America on November 22, 2005, thanks in large part to annualized sports titles and those geared toward younger gamers. Although the list of post-Xbox 360 launch titles on the Xbox includes games like Black, Tomb Raider: Legend, Hitman: Blood Money, Destroy All Humans! 2, and Call of Duty 3, none of those games came from Microsoft's internal studios.
Looking at Microsoft's internal developers, I don't expect them to be creating a lot of interesting content for the Xbox 360 now that the Xbox One is out. Studios like 343 Industries, Lionhead, and Turn 10 Studios are already focused on the new system with the projects they are working on. Perhaps Good Science Studios (Kinect Adventures), Twisted Pixel (who is planning to put out LocoCycle for the 360 this year), or Rare might do something for the Xbox 360. Interestingly enough, Twisted Pixel's LocoCycle on Xbox One was originally intended to also be on Xbox 360, so the internal move away from the 360 might have already begun.
Contrast this with Sony's first-party support for the PlayStation 2 after the PS3 came out. Albeit, the PS2 had a larger worldwide installed base than the 360 currently enjoys, but Sony and its developers still supported the PS2 with God of War II, Rogue Galaxy, two Syphon Filter games, and numerous SingStar titles. Don't forget third-party games like Manhunt II, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, and Star Wars: The Force Unleashed.
Regardless of the tit-for-tat lists, the fact remains that apart from keeping brand loyalty to your old customers, there's not a lot of financial incentive to sink money and energy into an old system once the new one is out. Even Nintendo pulled away from the Wii pretty fast once the Wii U came out, though it could have arguably made good use of the enormous Wii fanbase still out there. You don't have to be a hardened cynic to realize that one of the ways for companies to get you to buy their new console is to stop the supply to the old one.
You might keep the Xbox 360 connected to your TV because the Xbox One isn't backwards compatible, but I have a hard time believing it's because it's going to be pumped with new, good games.


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ETSU earns its third straight POY award
MACON, Ga. (April 14, 2010) - After wrapping up one of the best individual sophomore season in ETSU history Sander Gille (Kuringen, Belgium) was named the 2010 Atlantic Sun Conference Player of the Year the league office announced Wednesday. In total the 59th-ranked Bucs placed five players on the various All-Conference teams.
With Gille winning the honor this spring ETSU has now won three consecutive Player of the Year awards from the A-Sun (Enrique Olivares 2008, 2009), while Wednesday's accolade was the programs ninth overall.
This season Gille led the Buccaneers with a 19-5 record, while posting a team-leading 14-6 mark in dual match play. The sophomore business major posted wins against players from eight nationally ranked teams and also led ETSU in doubles victories with freshman teammate Jesus Bandres (Caracas, Venezuela). Heading into the Conference Championships this week Gille stands unbeaten in A-Sun action (10-0), having lost only one set in league play the entire season. Overall the second year student-athlete defeated No. 1 players from USC Upstate, Stetson, North Florida, Belmont and Lipscomb.
On the national stage Gille was just as effective this year with nine wins against players from ITA ranked teams. Last fall the Kuringen, Belgium native also was the only A-Sun competitor that qualified and competed in the prestigious ITA All-American Tournament in September.
In addition to his Player of the Year award Gille was one of two Bucs to be named as a member of the Atlantic Sun First-Team. Joining his teammate is junior Grega Teraz (Mojstrana, Slovenia).
Teraz - who had the league's highest ranked win against No. 26 Tennessee's Boris Conkic - rolled to a 19-12 record, while defeating players from nine ITA ranked programs. In addition to his great success this spring the junior from Mojstrana, Slovenia had a outstanding fall campaign with quarterfinal appearances at the prestigious Southern Intercollegiate and ITA Regionals.
Joining their teammates as All-Conference selections was senior Daniel Isaza (Medellin, Columbia) and sophomore Robin Akser (Ornskoldsvik, Sweden) who were named as a member of the All-Atlantic Sun Second-Team for doubles, while Bandres earned his first postseason award after being selected as an All-Freshman-Team member.
ETSU returns to action this Friday as the Bucs try to earn their fourth straight trip to the NCAA Tournament as the A-Sun Championships get underway in DeLand, Fla.
For more information of the ETSU men's tennis team please visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


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Did a Cosmic Impact Kill the Mammoths?
David Morrison
Skeptical Inquirer Volume 34.3, May / June 2010
The Impact Hypothesis
The rise and fall of the theory that cosmic catastrophes altered human prehistory in North America.
Ever since the Alvarez (1980) hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous (Cretaceous-Tertiary or KT) mass extinction was the result of a cosmic impact sixty-five million years ago, the idea of killer asteroids or comets has been frequently discussed. The stunning confirmation of the KT impact initiated a revolution in our thinking about possible external events and their effects on biological evolution. David Raup of the University of Chicago famously proposed that perhaps all major mass extinctions were impact induced. He even published a "kill curve," suggesting that lesser extinctions might be the result of smaller impacts. Unfortunately for those of us who sought a general explanation for mass extinctions, these broader suggestions have not been verified. It seems increasingly likely that cosmic impacts are only one of several catastrophic events that have produced mass extinctions. Still, the discovery that an impact sixty-five million years ago led to the extinction of the dinosaurs remains one of the iconic ideas of late twentieth century science.
The most dramatic recent hypothesis linking extinctions with impacts was proposed in 2007 by a team of twenty-six scientists, led by nuclear chemist Richard Firestone of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with independent geophysicist Allen West; geologist James Kennett of the University of California, Santa Barbara (a member of the National Academy of Sciences); and archaeologists Douglas Kennett and Jon Erlandson of the University of Oregon. In a widely reported presentation at a joint assembly of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in Acapulco, Mexico—followed a few months later by a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)—these scientists proposed a cosmic origin for a geologically recent event, the extinction of many large mammals (megafauna) in North America approximately 13,000 years ago. The events they linked were the presence of a dark soil layer that coincided with the extinction of megafauna (including the mammoth and mastodon), the end of the Clovis culture (identified by its large and well-made spear points), and the start of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool period (a millennium pause in the general warming at the end of the last ice age). The in situ bones of extinct megafauna, along with Clovis stone tools, occur below this black mat but not within or above it. At this boundary the team reported finding enriched levels of iridium and other signatures of extraterrestrial material.
In a sweeping conclusion reminiscent of the Alvarez hypothesis, Firestone and his colleagues postulated that these events were tied to one or more cosmic impacts over North America, releasing energy they estimated at about ten million megatons (equivalent to an impacting comet four kilometers in diameter). They suggested that an airburst and/or surface impact by a dense swarm of carbonaceous asteroids or comets set vast areas of the North American continent on fire. This swarm would have exploded above or even into the Laurentide Ice Sheet north of the Great Lakes. Such an airburst would have been a million times larger than the Tunguska impact event of 1908.
Scientific Reactions
While archaeologists pondered the reality of this sharp boundary layer and the new evidence of extraterrestrial materials, a few astronomers and impact experts immediately questioned this scenario. They noted that there was no mechanism to hold such a dense swarm of impactors together in space. To the suggestion that a large comet had broken up just before hitting Earth, they replied that this lacked a physical mechanism. If the comet had shattered when it encountered the atmosphere at an altitude of about one hundred kilometers, the lateral dispersion would be at most tens of kilometers, hardly enough to distribute the effects across North America. An alternate suggestion was that this event was analogous to the 1992 tidal break-up of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which resulted in the separate impact of about twenty-three fragments on Jupiter two years later. However, these comet fragments were spread over more than a million kilometers in space, and the impacts were distributed over all longitudes on Jupiter. While it is true that some comets have been seen to spontaneously disintegrate in space, the chances of this happening just before an impact with Earth is negligible—something that might have happened at most once in the past four billion years. There was apparently no way to get a swarm of impactors to target North America alone.
One of Firestone and his colleagues' suggestions that troubled geologists and impact experts was that the same event (or a similar one) might have been responsible for the Carolina Bays geologic formation. The Carolina Bays are several hundred thousand shallow, elliptical depressions of disputed origin along the U.S. eastern seaboard. Firestone suggested that each of these more than 100,000 features was the result of a cosmic impact. Since the well-known Tunguska airburst in Siberia in 1908 did not form a crater, the implication is that these were made by larger objects that reached the ground. But calculation of average impact frequency suggested that only about one super-Tunguska could be expected to hit Earth in the past 13,000 years. The chances of two such extremely unlikely swarm impacts happening within the past few thousand years is worse than negligible.
A warning of the problems with this hypothesis should have been apparent to anyone who read 2006's The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes: Flood, Fire, and Famine in the History of Civilization by Richard Firestone and Allen West, with writer and publicist Simon Warwick-Smith. This trade book, which appeared a year before Firestone's AGU presentation, described the YD impact hypothesis as part of a much larger cycle of cosmic events. This book develops Firestone's 2001 suggestion that a cosmic ray catastrophe, probably caused by a supernova, occurred in northeastern North America in the late Pleistocene. He concluded that massive thermal neutron irradiation radically altered the radioactivity of terrestrial materials and "probably figured in the mass extinction of Ice Age fauna." In The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, Firestone links the YD impact to this postulated nearby supernova, which he asserted took place 41,000 years ago and initially devastated most life in Asia. Then 34,000 years ago the shock wave from this supernova initiated another wave of intense cosmic bombardment of Earth. The only evidence for this event is the remarkable claim that mastodon tusks from about that time are pitted with cosmic dust, suggesting that these animals received the direct blast of supernova material striking Earth (unstopped, apparently, by our atmosphere).
In The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, the debris cloud from the supernova
is supposed to have reached Earth about 13,000 years ago. The YD impact
was one manifestation of this blast wave, bathing the planet in radioactivity
and destabilizing the magnetic field. In this book the authors suggest
that the Carolina Bays were created by secondary impacts of ejecta from
the main hit in the North American ice sheet. To produce this much ejecta,
the hit must have been among the most catastrophic events in Earth's
history. They suggested that the YD impact excavated Hudson Bay, making
it larger than the KT impact of sixty-five million years ago, which
is estimated to be a once-in-one-hundred-million-
New Data and Continued Controversy
In January 2009, Doug Kennett published a paper in Science asserting that nanodiamonds provide the strongest evidence for the impact hypothesis, with multiple airbursts and impacts at the onset of the YD cooling. He argued that these nanodiamonds were produced in the moderate shocks associated with comet airbursts. By this time, earlier claims about iridium enrichment and other possible impact markers had been withdrawn. The usual geological evidence of large crater-forming impacts such as the KT, namely shocked quartz, had never been reported at the YD boundary sites. Now the nature and origin of nanodiamonds became the primary issue.
There were a variety of claims and counterclaims concerning the nanodiamonds. Were they produced in the impact, or were they primordial material trapped in the comet when it formed billions of years earlier? Most impact experts agree that nanodiamonds were unlikely to have been formed in the impact. In fact, Mark Boslough of Sandia National Laboratories calculated that the high temperatures and pressures in a large impact would likely destroy existing nanodiamonds. Some note that nanodiamonds are actually ubiquitous on Earth and can even be formed in fires. One scientist joked that perhaps the nanodiamonds were concentrated at human habitation sites where hunters were roasting the meat from mammoths and mastodons. The history of these claims and counterclaims is well documented in articles by Science journalist Richard Kerr published in 2007, 2008, and 2009.
At a meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA) in October 2009, several presentations argued strongly against the YD impact from a variety of perspectives (see GSA summary in references). One paper claimed that the black mats at the YD boundary were not charcoal from widespread fires but rather peat-rich dark soils formed during a wet period. Another speaker noted that there was no archeological evidence for a sudden decline in the human population of North America at the YD. While one speaks of the end of the Clovis culture, this only means that the style of stone tools changed. We don't know why, although one possibility is a shift to hunting smaller animals. Other scientific teams reported that their efforts in the field to find nanodiamonds or other impact markers at the YD boundary layer were unsuccessful.
Some impact proponents who were not present at the GSA meeting wrote blogs and circulated e-mails accusing these scientists of sloppy fieldwork. They asserted that the boundary layer was very thin and rather spotty in distribution, requiring care to find it—care they implied had not been exercised by their critics. The GSA session resulted in the undercutting of the credibility of the original PNAS and Science papers, but since the two sides did not confront each other directly, nothing was settled.
The American Geophysical Union Symposium
Given the conflicting interpretations concerning a possible YD impact catastrophe, many scientists thought a debate between proponents and critics might help clear the air. The YD impact hypothesis had been discussed for more than two years without any common ground emerging. Indeed, the original team of twenty-six scientists was itself fragmenting, with only Richard Firestone and Allen West still strongly advocating the original multi-comet impact scenario. Mark Boslough of Sandia worked with Allen West to organize a symposium at the 2009 fall meeting of the AGU, with speakers from both sides. While no one expected that public discussion would lead to reconciliation, the organizers hoped this symposium would at least focus on the main issues.
The December 2009 AGU session topic was "Younger Dryas Boundary: Extraterrestrial Impact or Not?" Ten speakers were squeezed into a single two-hour session, including Allen West, impact specialist Peter Schultz of Brown University, and former NASA geoscientist Ted Bunch from among the original PNAS authors. Firestone chose not to attend. There was standing room only at the session, and several hundred others were turned away at the door.
The star of the event was Wally Broecker of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. Broecker is one of the most respected environmental scientists in the world. Credited with first describing the ocean current conveyer belt and inventing the term "global warming," his honors include membership in the National Academy of Sciences and award of the Presidential Medal of Science. His presentation was sober and low key, but he made it clear that he was unconvinced by the evidence for an impact or any catastrophic change at the YD boundary. But rather than condemning the hypothesis, he stated simply that the decline in the North American megafauna could be understood as a result of climate change and overhunting—the conventional explanation. Broecker said, "We do not need the impact hypothesis."
Most of the speakers who followed Broecker restated positions that were already on the record. West and his colleagues repeated their evidence of extraterrestrial markers in the black mat at the YD boundary, with emphasis on the presence of nanodiamonds. They suggested several possible impact scenarios, such as oblique impact on the ice sheet, but admitted that there were many uncertainties. Several critics reiterated that the proposed impact is highly unlikely statistically and that an airburst as large as proposed is inconsistent with our understanding of comets and the impact process.
The most interesting new results were presented by Jacquelyn Gill, a graduate student in the Department of Geography at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She has been studying lake sediments that contain spores of sporomiella (a fungus that occurs in herbivore dung) in the time range around the YD. This fungus is related to the total mass of herbivores and can be used as a proxy for the megafauna population. Her data show a gradual decline, beginning well before the YD marker and extending beyond the end of the Younger Dryas cool period. Indeed, in some isolated locations mammoths and mastodons did not go extinct until much later: there were dwarf wooly mammoths on Wrangle Island in Alaska until about four thousand years ago. Some large North American mammals did not go extinct at all, including the bison, the moose, and the grizzly bear. Gill's results seem consistent with the worldwide evidence that rapid declines in large mammal population accompanied the arrival of early human hunters, presumably as a consequence of overhunting.
Unfortunately, the overcrowded session ran late, and there was no time for discussion or questions. Even when their conclusions were challenged, most of the scientists in the audience chose not to respond. The result was a lost opportunity for real debate. Perhaps not surprisingly, the AGU session received very little press attention. Indeed, following the AGU and GSA meetings, the YD impact hypothesis seems to have retreated into the obscurity of a few e-mail list-serves and blogs, such as "The Cosmic Tusk" where George Howard (one of the original PNAS authors) is presiding over a variety of catastrophist interpretations of Holocene history.
It is instructive to compare the trajectories of the YD and KT impact hypotheses, as there are close parallels. Both research teams were led by nuclear scientists (Luis Alvarez and Richard Firestone) from the University of California, Berkeley. Both challenged the orthodoxy of mass extinctions. Both postulated an environmental catastrophe triggered by a large cosmic impact. Both were published initially in prestigious journals (Science and PNAS). They each presented a grand synthesis, not only identifying evidence of extraterrestrial materials at the extinction boundary but also proposing a broad impact scenario to explain a wide variety of previously unrelated data. And both ideas were initially resisted by the "old guard" of paleontologists and archaeologists.
While each hypothesis encountered initial resistance, the KT impact theory also gained enthusiastic support (see popular accounts by Walter Alvarez and James Powell). The first confirming paper was published within weeks, and soon multiple impact markers had been identified at a number of additional exposures of the KT boundary. Astronomers and geologists praised the paper and provided context by estimating the impact rate for ten-kilometer comets and asteroids. Atmospheric scientists such as Brian Toon and Kevin Zahnle of NASA Ames Research Center calculated the dispersion and lifetime of dust ejected into the stratosphere by the impact. Paleontologists like Peter Ward (University of Washington)—who initially argued for a gradual decline of populations—gathered new field data and used modern statistics to support an abrupt extinction at the KT boundary. Within three years the first of a series of Snowbird Conferences was held, bringing together top scientists to discuss the role of cosmic impacts on the evolution of life. The idea of an impact extinction gained early and continuing currency in the press.
In contrast, efforts by other scientists to confirm the presence of impact markers at the YD boundary have so far been unsuccessful. Astronomers, rather then welcoming the impact idea, have raised serious objections to the proposal by Firestone and colleagues. New data on megafauna extinction, such as the work of Gill, point to a gradual decline. Archaeologists emphasize that changing styles in stone tools do not demonstrate a sudden shift in human populations at the start of the YD but merely a change in technology or hunting style. In the aftermath of the 2009 GSA and AGU meetings, the press seems to have lost interest, and continuing support for the YD impact comes mostly from blogs by catastrophists who have long advocated cosmic intervention in human history.
Even without considering the technical issues at stake, there are two clues that something is amiss with the YD impact hypothesis. First is the 2006 book The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, which formulates the YD hypothesis within the context of catastrophist pseudoscience. If more scientists and science journalists had been aware of this earlier publication when the YD hypothesis was first published in PNAS, it might never have gained traction. Second is the absence of confirming or supporting papers by scientists who were not members of the original team. A good hypothesis naturally accretes confirmation and gets better with time, as did the Alvarez KT impact hypothesis. Firestone's work has not done so.
It seems clear that the YD impact proponents were trying to follow in the footsteps of the Alvarez team, discovering evidence of a sudden extinction event and linking this to an extraterrestrial impact. However, the story isn't working out that way, and the impact they propose seems to be virtually impossible. One parallel that troubles me, however, is that the reaction of the traditionalists—scientists who say that the megafauna were in decline anyway and "we don't need an impact"—rather closely echoes the reaction of many old-guard scientists to the KT impact hypothesis. There also may be philosophical and political overtones that influence the reception given any proposal that deals with early human history. There is a long tradition of catastrophist ideas, going back to the biblical flood and Plato's story of Atlantis. Philosophically, many people prefer the idea that humans have not had much effect on the planet, either 13,000 years ago or today—better to blame thunderbolts from the gods than to accept responsibility for our stewardship of Earth.
I am grateful to Mark Boslough, Clark Chapman, and Alan Harris for many stimulating discussions of the YD impact hypothesis and especially for their insightful and generous suggestions for improving this paper.
Alvarez, L.W., W. Alvarez, F. Asaro, and H.V. Michel. 1980. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science 208: 1095.
Alvarez, W. 1997. T. Rex and the Crater of Doom. Princeton University Press.
Firestone, R.B., and W. Topping. 2001. Terrestrial evidence of a nuclear catastrophe in paleoindian times. Mammoth Trumpet Magazine (March): 9, published by the Center for the Study of the First Americans.
Firestone, R., A. West, and S. Warwick-Smith. 2006. The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes: Flood, Fire, and Famine in the History of Civilization. Bear and Company, Rochester, Vermont.
Firestone, R.B., et al. 2007. Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 1616.
Geological Society of America (GSA) Annual Meeting (October 18–21, 2009), Portland, Oregon. Relevant oral presentations, with quotes from their abstracts. Paquay et al.: No evidence of extraterrestrial geochemical components at the Bølling-Allerød/Younger Dryas transition. ("Our study discredits the YD impact hypothesis.") Surovelle and Holliday: Non-reproducibility of Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact results. ("We were unable to reproduce any results of the original Firestone et al. study and find no support for Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact.") Pinter et al.: Extraterrestrial and terrestrial signatures at the onset of the Younger Dryas. ("Many of the purportedly unique markers at the YD boundary layer were found in most or all other sites and horizons analyzed, often at concentrations much higher than at the YD layer itself.") Holliday and Meltzer: Geoarchaeology of the 12.9 ka impact hypothesis. ("Sites purported to provide direct evidence of the 12.9 ka impact are not well constrained to that time. An ET impact is an unnecessary 'solution' for an archaeological problem that does not exist.")
Gill, J., J.W. Williams, S.T. Jackson, K.B. Lininger, and G.S. Robinson. 2009. Pleistocene megafaunal collapse, novel plant communities, and enlarged fire regimes in North America. Science 326: 1100.
Kennett, D.J., et al. 2009. Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas sediment layer. Science 323: 94.
Kerr, R. 2007. Mammoth-killer impact gets mixed reception from Earth scientists. Science 316: 1264.
———. 2008. Experts find no evidence for a mammoth-killer impact. Science 319: 1331.
———. 2009. Did the mammoth slayer leave a diamond calling card? Science 323: 326.
Powell, J. 1998. Night Comes to the Cretaceous: Dinosaur Extinction and the Transformation of Modern Geology. Freeman.
Plait, P. 2008. Death from the Skies: These Are the Ways the World Will End. Viking Press.
Raup, D.M. 1991. Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck? W.W. Norton.
Signor, P.W., and J.H. Lipps. 1982. Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns, and catastrophes in the fossil record. In: Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth, L.T. Silver and P.H. Schultz, editors. Geological Society of America Special Publication 190: 291.
Toon, O.B., K. Zahnle, D. Morrison, R. Turco, and C. Covey. 1997. Environmental perturbations caused by the impacts of asteroids and comets. Reviews of Geophysics 35: 41.
Ward, P.D., W.J. Kennedy, K.G. MacLeod, and J.F. Mount. 1991. Ammonite and inoceramid bivalve extinction patterns in Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections of the Biscay region (southwestern France, northern Spain). Geology 19: 1181.


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11:30 am
Barbecue University with Steven Raichlen "Southwest Revisited" Steven serves oven-grilled torilla chips with pineapple and jalape#o salsa, followed by green lightning shrimp kebabs and a slab of meat with savory rub.G
12:00 pm
Connect with English "The Lost Boys/A Very Good Year" Alex and Vincent go ice skating on their big night without telling anyone and Alex falls and hurts his ankle. The two boys go to a hospital whilst their families search everywhere for them.G
12:30 pm
Connect with English "Introduction/Rebecca's Dream" The program begins with an overview of the course and an introduction to the main characters in the drama.G
1:00 pm
Ethics In America "Under Orders, Under Fire (Part II)" The carnage of My Lai raises the issue of confidentiality between the soldier, his religious confessor, and military justice. Generals debate the clash between military tribunals and the right of confidentiality with Chaplain Timothy Tatum of the U.S. Army War College, the Reverend J. Bryan Hehir of the U.S. Catholic Conference, and others.G
2:00 pm
Western Tradition "The Late Middle Ages" Dissent within the church and wars between the great powers exhaust European society.G
2:30 pm
Western Tradition "The National Monarchies" As Europe recovers from the wars of the 15th century, some rulers make themselves more powerful than ever before.G
3:00 pm
Biography of America, A "Contemporary History" The entire team of historians joins Professor Miller in examining the last quarter of the twentieth century. A montage of events opens the program and sets the stage for a discussion of the period -- and of the difficulty of examining contemporary history with true historical perspective. Television critic John Leonard offers a footnote about the impact of television on the way we experience recent events. D
3:30 pm
Biography of America, A "Redemptive Imagination" Storytelling is a relentless human urge and its power forges with memory to become the foundation of history. Novelists Charles Johnson (Middle Passage), Arthur Golden (Memoirs of a Geisha), and Esmeralda Santiago (America's Dream) join Professor Miller in discussing the intersection of history and story. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. D
4:00 pm
Design Squad Nation "One Giant Leap - Part 2" Judy and Adam invite Felipe -- an accomplished 15-year-old pilot from Miami, FL -- to compete in the 2010 Red Bull Flugtag competition. Together, they team up with NASA to design and build a human-powered flying machine. With their NASA-inspired glider design, Team One Giant Leap soars off a 30-foot-high deck, impressing the judges with distance and style. D
4:30 pm
Biz Kid$ "Scam-A-Rama (Protect Yourself from Being Scammed)" It's a complicated world and there are many ways you can be taken advantage of or cheated. Learn how to recognize a scam, and how to protect yourself from identify theft, pyramid schemes, and more. D
5:00 pm
The Electric Company "Lost and Spaced" At the school science fair, Lisa and her Skeleckian friend Dax get shrunk down and trapped inside their project - a perfect model of the solar system!. D
5:30 pm
Cyberchase "Step By Step" In the company of the ghostly pirate Ivanka, the elusive Doctor Marbles is back, and this time he's discovered a powerful cybermineral he can use to help Motherboard. Located deep inside a volcano on the cybersite Corsario, this "Magmalux" is strong enough to override the virus Hacker inflicted on the beloved Cyberspace ruler. Unfortunately, Hacker is on to Marbles and traps him on Skull Island so he can retrieve the Magmalux for his own evil purpose. D
6:00 pm
Knit & Crochet Today "Felting" Well known knit wear designer Kristin Nicholas shows how to knit and then felt a tea cozy and Brett Bara will show how to crochet a felted organizer. Interview with designer Nicky Epstein. D
6:30 pm
Paint This With Jerry Yarnell "Step By Beautiful Step, Part 2" In this part, Jerry explores the ups and downs of this painting. Since there is no horizon line, all the various angles are first checked to make sure that they are correct and in alignment until they fit. By painting in the pots at the top and bottom of the steps, we create the space in which the floral vegetation can be blocked in between the pots. D
7:00 pm
Joanne Weir's Cooking Confidence "Spanish Fiesta" Joanne sets the stage for a Spanish Fiesta with a twist on the classic Spanish Gazpacho, turning sweet peas into a refreshing soup. She teaches her student Ron, the perfect party meal, Shellfish Paella. Recipes: Sweet Pea Gazpacho, Shellfish Paella. D
7:30 pm
Martha Bakes "Devil's Food Cake" Devil's food cake has never been so tempting as it is with Martha's sinfully good adaptations. Learn to make "hi-hat" cupcakes - topped with a fluffy meringue frosting - irresistible fudgy brownies and more, all featuring the rich flavor of deep, dark chocolate. D
8:00 pm
This Old House "Essex 2012/13, Design for Everyone" Richard and son Ross Trethewey recap the geothermal system's installation with Norm. Tile installers Mark and Erik Ferrante lay reclaimed marble tile in the foyer and designer Keith Musinski's custom-ordered hand-painted border tile in the kitchen. Kevin learns about universal design touring the Seattle home of architect Emory Baldwin. D
8:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Great Swiss Cities: Luzern, Bern, Zurich and Lausanne" Rick enjoys Switzerland's urban charms in Luzern, Bern, Zurich and Lausanne where he explores artistic treasures and tries out local activities.G
9:00 pm
Travelscope "Greece - Cruising The Isles" A Greek Island cruise sounds like a bit of a cliche, but not when Joseph and the crew of Travelscope make landing on some of the Goddess Athena's special children. There's plenty of ancient history and beautiful scenic bays to explore, but the real life of the voyage is the opportunity to pull the small cruise ship right up to the docks and discover the heart and soul of the Greek isles and the people who inhabit them. There's always a story to be told and a laugh to share around a table of great food, local wine and music. D
9:30 pm
Lidia's Italy In America "For The Love of Soup" Soup is a great start to any meal and Lidia explores two different types: Minestrone and Artichoke Soup. She travels to Le Marche in Italy to learn about ricotta cheese and finishes off the meal with her favorite Italian Cheesecake recipe. D
10:00 pm
Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Italian Favorites Revisited" NULL
10:30 pm
Simply Ming "Julio Bermejo & Cooking with Spirits" We all love cooking with wine but how about using spirits? On this week's episode of SIMPLY MING, Ming shows how as he cooks with tequila. He'll be joined by longtime friend, Julio Bermejo, the tequila master at Tommy's in San Francisco. Looking for inspiration Julio and Ming explore amazing food stalls at the Ferry Plaza Farmer's Market before heading back to Tommy's to cook on the fly. D
11:00 pm
Primal Grill with Steven Raichlen "Primal Grills for a Crowd" Cook indoors and you often cook solo. Light a grill and you cook for a crowd. This show focuses on grilling for parties. D
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Rick Steves' Europe "Great Swiss Cities: Luzern, Bern, Zurich and Lausanne" Rick enjoys Switzerland's urban charms in Luzern, Bern, Zurich and Lausanne where he explores artistic treasures and tries out local activities.G


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Donnerstag, 1. September 2011
today the mail art catalogue "Post für Otto" for Nancy Scali came back with a sad notice: return to sender address undeliverable, that alarmed me; Nancy has been ill the last years and now I found the message online that she has passed away:
Born October 28, 1946, passed away June 3, 2011, in Claremont, CA. She graduated from Chaffey High School, in 1964, and Chapman University, in 1968, with a Bachelors of Arts Degree in Art. Nancy later earned elementary and administrative credentials and taught in the public schools for 35 years. She retired from the Ontario/Montclair School District in 2008. She is survived by her husband, Thomas Scali; her son, Ian; and a brother, Houston Dewey of Clifton Virginia. Nancy was 64 years of age.
here you can see her submissions to the Bismarck project: http://bismarck-mail-art.blogspot.com/search?q=Scali
and here all the other nice stuff I got from her: http://socks-stockings.blogspot.com/search?q=arriving+Nancy
and her lovely submissions for the call Andreas Hofer: http://andreas-hofer.blogspot.com/search?q=arriving+Nancy
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Lawyers starting their careers abroad typically work for either a private law firm or a public service oriented organization, such as an NGO or international court.
Private law firms
The large U.K. based "Magic Circle" law firms and a number of U.S. based law firms hire U.S. law students to start directly in one of their foreign offices where they have a significant "U.S. practice." The most common places to start are in London and Hong Kong, though on occasion students have started in Tokyo, Paris, and other locations. Students usually obtain these positions as they would full-time positions with any other large law firm: by working their 2L summer for the firm and then receiving an offer for full-time employment.
International Career Resources
- Duke Law's Searchable Database of International Opportunities
- Tipsheet on Pursuing International Public Interest Work Abroad
- PSJD Guides to Finding Post-Graduate International Public Service Opportunities
- List of International Judicial Fellowships at the Hague
- International Law Student Association List of Post-Graduate Fellowships in International Law
It is important to note that unless the firm has a substantial U.S. practice in its foreign office, it is often recommended that students start their careers in the United States with a firm that offers the possibility of working abroad once some U.S. expertise has been developed. In fact, more and more large law firms offer their mid-level associates the opportunity to work abroad for several years. Also, many law firms are involved in some type of international work, so a large number lawyers to need to employ comparative legal skills and cross-cultural understanding.
In addition to the firms that may offer graduates the opportunity to launch their careers abroad, many law firms ask Duke Law students if they would like to spend part of their second summer in a foreign office. These opportunities often include offices where a student is less likely to launch a career, such as in France, Belgium, and China, but where students could have a meaningful experience for a few weeks during the summer. Students who are interested in international experience should ask firms during the recruiting process whether opportunities are available and how they are assigned.
Public service organizations
By pursuing international public interest law, Duke Law students are very likely to develop a skill set largely outside what constitutes the "traditional" practice of law at a US law firm. Perhaps surprisingly, many US-trained attorneys begin their international public interest careers domestically, working for non-governmental or inter-governmental organizations such as the United Nations, federal agencies such as the State Department or Department of Justice, or non-profit organizations created to benefit populations abroad. Because in-person interviews with agencies and organizations abroad are rare, a candidate may not have the opportunity to "check out" an employer before committing to work. Therefore, many attorneys choose domestic work to start so that they can get to know the reputable agencies and organizations that are doing work of interest before committing to an employer "in the field."
Expanding your public interest job search beyond the US can dramatically broaden one's opportunities geographically and with regard to practice. Serving the Public: A Job Search Guide, Volume II - International, a guide book frequently used by Duke Law students, notes the many directions that attorneys with careers in international public service law take. These include "human rights, diplomacy, foreign relations, democracy building, economic development, criminal prosecution, policymaking, treaty negotiation and convention enforcement, and all types of internationally oriented advocacy and activism." Students with a focus in international public interest also have many fellowship opportunities available to them. These fellowships are highly competitive and the most qualified candidates have, among other things, a demonstrated interest (prior experience) in an international public interest topic. Interested students are encouraged to seek opportunities to gain experience while in law school through faculty research project, pro bono, summer internships, etc.
Next Steps
A small number of international organizations expressed interest in specifically receiving Duke resumes. Please speak with Oleg Kobelev, Director of International Career Development, if you'd like to pursue a career overseas following graduation.


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"... as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord" [Joshua 24:15]
This MP3 audio download covers one of the most confusing areas of the electrical trade today, Article 250 of the NEC: Grounding Vs. Bonding. This audio is copied directly from the 2011 Grounding Vs. Bonding DVD program which can be viewed here.
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