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Ridgway wins Bucktail Tournament
ST. MARYS – The Ridgway Lady Elker soccer team captured the 14th annual Bucktail Tournament championship by defeating the Bradford Area Lady Owls by a 5-1 score Saturday afternoon at the SMAHS soccer field."We couldn't ask for a better weekend by winning the Bucktail Tournament for the second straight year by beating the Bradford Lady Owls 5-1," Ridgway coach Greg Maddalena said. "The girls are just responding well as a team. I can't say enough about them, they just played with a lot of heart and desire to win as a team and that's what makes them be very successful. I told them Bradford is a very good team and it would probably take 80 minutes, but wow we came out and played our game and really took control of the game which really really impresses me."The two squads spent some time checking each other out before Bradford was able to get on the board with 15:55 left in the first half."They scored the first goal by receiving a direct kick outside the penalty area which ended up being a cluster inside the box scrambling to try to clear the ball which eventually ended up in the back of our net to make it a 1-0 game," Maddalena said. A little over a minute later the Lady Elkers tied the score at 1-1 as Kayli Methaney scored when the Bradford keeper came out and she got the ball past her into the net with 14:34 left in the first half."Kayli Metheney buried the ball in the net after reciving a pass from Ashley Imbrogno, making it 1-1," Maddalena said. Neither team scored until the 2:55 mark when Rhianon Fowler scored her first of three goals on the day when she went one-on-one with the Bradford keeper to give Ridgway the 2-1 lead at the half."Rhianon Fowler broke away from their defense and buried it into the corner of the net," Maddalena said. Both teams had seven shots in the first half. Ridgway keeper McKenna Rowles came up with six saves. Ridgway had two corner kicks to Bradford's one.It didn't take the Lady Elkers long to build on their lead as Jenna DeAngelo scored with 29:23 left in the game as she put the ball in the right hand corner of the goal making the score 3-1."The second half started and we were just unstoppable," Maddalena said. "Within one minute in Kassa Kocjancic assisted Jenna DeAngelo who buried the ball in the net to make it 3-1."A short time later, Ridgway made the score 4-1 when Angela DeAngelo put a corner kick in the right spot as Fowler was able to head the ball into the goal with 36:58 remaining.The Lady Elkers scored their final goal of the game as Fowler sent the ball just over the outstretched arms of the Bradford keeper from the left side for her third goal of the contest as Ridgway led 5-1.The Lady Elkers outshot the Lady Owls by an 8-1 margin in the second half of play. Ridgway had three corner kicks in the second half of the match."I can't say enough about this team right now," Maddalena said. "Each and every girl is just playing a great team-oriented game and that's what it is all about, team. We only get one day of rest because we are back in action Monday against Port Allegany at home at 4 p.m."


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Early German-Russian Church Construction
In Emmons County, North Dakota
Ceaselessly has mankind demonstrated a predilection for the religious, or spiritual, realm. Indeed the two major modes of human existence—the sacred and the profane—are, according to Mircea Eliade, "two existential situations assumed by man in the course of his history." Man is essentially a "religious man" (homo religious), Eliade believes; "his behavior forms part of the general behavior of mankind."1 In point of fact even as early as 1915 Emile Durkheim in The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life affirmed, "Religion is something eminently social." His extensive discussion, of course, undertook an analysis of the origins of religious thought and closely examined the nature of religion in society. Only after an exhaustive study of the earliest forms of religious activity was Durkheim able to conclude: "The source of religion and morality is in the collective mind of society and not inherent in the isolated minds of individuals."2 To be sure, both Durkheim and Eliade are concerned with the phenomenon of religiosity and speak to early forms of the religious; but a cursory glance at some of the activities of the pioneering homesteaders in Dakota Territory and later North Dakota herself will, interestingly enough and to all outward appearances, prove analogous to these academic theories.
As one of the last acts of outgoing, United States President James Buchanan, two days before he left office, signed a bill providing temporary government and a surveyor general for Dakota Territory on March 2, 1861. Since this date of signing was directly amidst the beginnings of the American Civil War (1861-1865), many issues and problems, both political and economic, were paramount; the least of which was securing enough people to populate and cultivate the newly established territory. After 1860, federal census figures showed 4,837 people in all of Dakota Territory, an area then compromising the present-day states of North and South Dakota, most of Montana, and about half of Wyoming. Curiously a census taken by Dakota Territorial Governor William L. Jayne in 1861 showed but "2,042 whites for the entire [Territorial] area." Nevertheless it was the region now called South Dakota which held the majority of the populace: approximately 829 souls resided there; in the northern half, the region today called North Dakota, even fewer resided. Yet shortly after Buchanan's signing of the territory bill, the Sioux City Register of April 27th, the only newspaper with any local coverage before June 6, 1861 when the Yankton (SD) The Weekly Dakotian began, spoke of a "rush of emigrants" for Dakota. Soon a land office was opened at Vermillion and treaties with the Indians were conducted to gain more land for the arriving settlers.
By 1862 the Federal Homestead Act was passed, opening Dakota Territory for homesteading on January 1, 1863; but Indian uprisings and the increasing involvement with the Civil War kept people away. No railroads reached into the Dakotas at this time and only by 1870 did railroad construction link up the most southeasterly tip of the territory (at Sioux City, Iowa) with the East; in North Dakota, just one year later, the Northern Pacific reached Fargo in 1871. Then, by 1873, Bismarck, North Dakota became the western terminus of the Northern Pacific. That same year North Dakota's oldest newspaper, The Bismarck Tribune began publication. The growth of the populace and the effects of the railroads, which strongly promoted territorial expansion, were beginning to show; after all, two sections of land in each township were allocated by the Homestead Act to the railroads.
The discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 further increased the number of people entering the territory. In fact, by 1870, 11,776 people were counted in South Dakota, while North Dakota registered only about one fifth that amount, 2,405. Still, drought and grasshoppers, as between 1873 and 1875 scared many away. Finally, it was The Great Dakota Boom of 1878-1887 which encompassed a rapid expansion of the railroads and created an extensive increase in cultivated land, as well as population, in both Dakotas, that ultimately allowed the two areas to seek statehood. Again drought struck; severe in 1886-1889; still the newly immigrated pioneers stayed. Vincenz Maier, then of McIntosh County, in a 1939 W.P.A. Historical Data Project form told of ten months in 1888 where "no rain fell"; a year of great drought, indeed! Not only was there complete crop failure that year, but the following winter brought about one of the worst blizzards on record. The ensuing spring, prairie fires followed the drought; still, by 1889, Max Keller in another Historical Data Project form reported "most of the land around Hague [Emmons County] was already taken or filed on," and new settlers had to move further north and west, some traveling as far as Canada, others to Montana and beyond. Finally, in South Dakota by 1890, one year after statehood, most major railroad construction was completed. Steady growth would follow the railroads: in 1880, South Dakota's populace numbered 98,268; North Dakota's 36,909; within ten years, by 1890, South Dakota tripled her numbers to 348,600; North Dakota merely quintupled to 190,983. By 1900 South Dakota more-or-less stabilized at 401,570, and North Dakota at 319,146. But if this booming rapidity of growth took place between 1870 and 1900, approximately the span of but one generation, where did the people settle and what was the importance of the religious factor in this growth?
It is recorded that the first Christian service in Dakota Territory probably took place at Pembina, North Dakota, when Father Joseph Dumoulin and Father Joseph Provencher opened the first Roman Catholic Mission and School on September 8, 1818. The "first recorded act of worship" in South Dakota took place in early June of 1823 by Jedediah Smith, a devout Methodist.3 But it was probably the 1840's which gave rise to the largest Christianizing of the area when Fr. Pierre Jean de Smet visited the Sioux Indians and other tribes along the then navigable Missouri River. As early as 1830, priests were sent into the field to do missionary work among the Indians, and certainly other pioneering ministers of every denomination followed, many at the request of the Missouri River traders. But it was probably around 1851, when smallpox and cholera broke out violently among the populace that missionary work in the Dakotas began in earnest. According to Jane Boorman in Dakota Panorama, "Since most of the Dakota Reservations were assigned to Episcopalians, Roman Catholic activity came largely after the areas were opened to all denominations. Priests and nuns of the Order of St. Benedict [O.S.B.] pioneered this [missionary] work."4 After Easter of 1877, St. Benedict's Mission near Fort Yates, North Dakota was founded. By August 12, 1879, when Monsignor Martin Marty, O.S.B. of St. Meinrad arrived at Yankton as the Apostolic Prefect, his diocese held twelve priests and twenty churches. One of these churches was St. Benedict's near Fort Yates; and one of his priests was soon to be Fr. Bernard Strassmaier,5 the missionary priest of not only the Indians of Fort Yates, but also of the newly arrived and settled Germans from Russia in Emmons County, North Dakota.
Emmons County, which lies approximately midway between the eastern and the western boundaries of North Dakota, is located immediately above the South Dakota-North Dakota boundary line. To the west the county is bordered by the eastern bank of the Missouri River ("at the low water mark"), though now, as a result of the dam constructed at Pierre, South Dakota, the river has become Lake Oahe. To the east the county is bordered by Logan and McIntosh counties; to the north, by Kidder and Burleigh counties. The county of 1,562 square miles was created by an act of the Territorial Legislature on February 10, 1879, and was organized November 9, 1883.
It was very shortly thereafter that the first German-Russian pioneers began their immigration into the new county, arriving predominantly from the Black Sea area of Old Russia and joining the Norwegians, Swedes, Hollanders, and a group of early pioneers from Ohio, all of whom had arrived in Emmons County slightly earlier. If one discounts the area around Zeeland in nearby McIntosh County in which some of these German-Russian immigrants settled as early as 1884, it was probably the small village of Hague, originally called Selz after the first immigrants' home in South Russia, that in the summer of 1885 saw the initial influx of these agricultural pioneers into Emmons County.6 Soon, however, other areas of the county began to be settled: north of Hague, in the Beaver Creek area of Exeter township, the soon-to-be St. Aloysius' Parish began in the spring of 1886 with the arrival of the first settler in the area, Anton Senger, on May 4, 1886. During the spring of 1887 more settlers arrived from the Ukraine. Then in October of 1888, "five daring, dashing young single men,"7 came to Strasburg, followed on May 7, 1889 by eleven families. Still other pioneers arrived further to the west and north; they arrived in Hazelton by 1888, into Linton by 1889 and 1890, and quite a bit later into Temvik, by 1907. Other settlements within Emmons County were also established during this period, present day villages such as Hull and Westfield, which earlier, calling themselves the Hope Settlement, had constructed the first church in Emmons County in the fall of 1887, the Hope Reformed Church.8 Kintyre and Braddock were also settled about this time, as had been Livona, Winchester, Williamsport, and Winona; but for the purposes of this paper the author will focus on the county's German-Russian settlements, on the Catholic parishes of Hague, Strasburg, St. Aloysius, Hazelton, Katzenbach, Krassna, Rosenthal, St. Anthony's of Linton, St. Michael's and St. Joseph's.
Initially, and commencing as early as 1884, the greatest number of Catholic Settlers immigrated and lived within the large area served by the so-called "Mother-Church," the Church of St. John the Baptist. Although this church is presently situated about five miles north of the town of Zeeland in McIntosh County, it proved to be the primary gathering point for the early Catholic pioneers of Emmons County. Even in their former country, these Germans from Russia had always been known for their fervent religious devotion and it should come as no surprise to find the continuation of that spirit whether or not a church building was physically present on the plains of Dakota Territory. Even after the region's disastrous prairie fires of 1886 and 1887, after the drought of 1888, and after all the hard winters, the faith of these pioneers remained unshaken. Their struggle was of the land; their attainments, spiritual.
It was probably Fr. Bede Marty, O.S.B. who first visited the area's pioneers in July of 1886 on a trip from Fort Yates to McIntosh County; but it was also the well-known Fr. Bernard Strassmaier, O.S.B. (1861-1940), and who at this time was stationed at Kenel, South Dakota, who visited the area in the fall of 1887. Continuing his visits for many years thereafter, this dedicated missionary eventually labored more than fifty years among the Indians and pioneers of both North and South Dakota; and after his assignment in 1890 from Kenel, South Dakota to Fort Yates, North Dakota, located across the Missouri River from Emmons County, the "good monk" shepherded the pioneers of Emmons County as if they were his very own parishioners.
Since Strassmaier lived across the Missouri, crossing the river became an experience well remembered by many of the pioneers. There is an amusing story told by one of the early pioneers, a certain Peter Vetsch, about his own marriage. Vetsch tells the story:
In the Spring of 1889 he was married to Katherine Goldade at Fort Yates. They, with John Goldade and Ferdinand Kraft as witnesses, had driven a team to the Missouri, where they waved to the Indians on the opposite shore and got them to come over to bring them across. The team was tied in the bushes where they would be safe and have plenty to eat until the next day. The group stayed all night at the Mission, and the next morning, Rev. Bernard Strassmaier performed the marriage ceremony. There was no time for a big wedding then such as the German-Russians have, nor was there money for one. Peter had borrowed $10.00 from a working man for his wedding and he paid the Indian boys $.25 each for rowing his group across the river and gave the priest $3.00 and still had some money left.9
Of course there were no churches in the area as yet, (Vetsch claims, "About 1890, the people in the German Settlements built two churches, one at Hague and the other in McIntosh County,") and whenever possible, masses were often held in the small sod houses of the pioneers. Organizing St. John's Parish in the fall of 1887, Fr. Bernard encouraged the parishioners to construct a 30 by 50 foot church after the 1888 fall harvest. Being stopped by winter but continuing once again in the spring of 1889, the church was soon completed and officially blessed in honor of St. John the Baptist on May 12, 1889 by Fr. Bernard Strassmaier, himself.10 The church was to become the first Catholic church in the area and still stands to this day, possibly the oldest standing church in all southern North Dakota. For four more hard years, and although his official assignment remained at Fort Yates, Fr. Bernard was to minister directly to these people. Finally, by 1893, a parish house was built at St. John's and a permanent priest, Fr. Henry Schmitz, assigned. Perhaps the greatest impetus for the permanent residence was demonstrated on October 15, 1891, when 220 people were confirmed at St. John's by Bishop John J. Shanley, the newly appointed Bishop of North Dakota, stationed at that time not at Fargo, but at Jamestown. And thus it wasn't long before other churches were to spring up in neighboring Emmons County, curiously enough, almost all of them instigated by Fr. Bernard Strassmaier, himself.
Strassmaier assisted with the twin settlements of Selz and Elsass, which confusingly enough were located in Selz and Elsass townships, respectively. Like the two neighbors they were in South Russia, these two tiny settlements soon became new neighbors near the present village of Hague, Selz to the east and Elsass to the west. Though Sallet states that "the first post office which the United States Government established in that region received its name, Tiraspol, in honor of the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese in South Russia,"11 The first post office was more probably located in Selz, in the home of Anton Vetter, by 1896. But just as the Tiraspol post office did have to move into Strasburg after the arrival of the new railroad line from Eureka (SD) to Linton, so too did the post office of Selz move into the newly founded village of Hague, by 1903. Since the railroad passed between Selz and Elsass, and since the railroad company itself decided upon the placement and the new name of Hague, there was precious little for the pioneers in the twin settlements to do except to close down their business places and to move into Hague, themselves. This they did and the village of Hague was incorporated by 1908.
According to Aberle again, Fr. Strassmaier organized the parish of Elsass as early as 1887; Rath states that the congregation was established in 1889, and Sallet speaks of a St. Plazidus Parish of 1888.12 In spite of these discrepancies the first church of St. Mary's was constructed in 1890 and was located approximately a mile and a half west of the present village of Hague and about a half mile south of the still-standing old cemetery.13 The second church of St. Mary's was built in the new village of Hague proper and was situated directly north of the present church where its original entrance now stands as a grotto. The cornerstone of this second church is dated 1906 and the church was dedicated August 20, 1908. Bids for a 40 by 100 foot church and a 31 by 32 foot rectory were requested in July of 1906. By May of 1907, Fr. Schardt was able to report that the stonework "was almost completed."
But this second church of St. Mary's was to stand for no more than 23 years, for on Ash Wednesday, February 13, 1929, St. Mary's burned to the ground. Hague had to build anew. Those who recall the second church believe it was even lovelier than the present church. Again a new cornerstone was laid, this time on August 4, 1929. The Romanesque styled brick church, planned to seat over 500, was to be in the dimensions of 44 by 137 feet and would cost the parishioners 61,000 dollars. Designed with two frontal unmatched towers, the main south tower would rise to a height of 114 feet, and the church would face toward the east. Beautiful chandeliers were ordered, a marvelous pipe organ purchased for $8,000, and a set of bells weighing 500, 600, and 900 pounds was installed in the south tower. Moreover, costly religious paintings on canvas were prepared and attached to the decorated ceiling. The dedication took place June 19, 1930, and since St. John's of Zeeland is now closed to regular worship, this St. Mary's of Hague, from 1887, becomes the oldest continuous German-Russian parish in all of North Dakota. The immeasurable beauty of this small village church stands as priceless evidence of the unshakable faith of these early industrious and religious pioneers.
As stated earlier, the village of Strasburg was settled in 1889. During that same year the congregation of Saints Peter and Paul's Parish was likewise organized. Again it was Fr. Bernard Strassmaier who came to Strasburg in 1888 and who in the fall of 1889, "said the first Holy Mass in the home of Mr. Frank Baumgartner."14 By 1892, the parish became a mission of St. John's "Mother Church" of Zeeland, and by 1893, a 28 by 64 foot wooden church was constructed at Tiraspol, about two miles north of the present town of Strasburg, on the Caspar Feist homestead.15 It was here in Tiraspol on May 3, 1898 where a post office was established and the first postmaster, Egidi Keller, appointed. But as with Hague to the south, on the first of December, 1902, the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad came to Strasburg, extending their line from Eureka (SD) to Linton, and bypassed Tiraspol to the north by a few miles, thereby effectively forcing the newly settled pioneers to move again. Soon trains began to run regularly and by spring, the post office, on the 29th of April, 1903, too, had to be moved into the new village of Strasburg. Gradually the little community began to grow.
Amidst considerable debate and turmoil by the parishioners of Saints Peter and Paul's, the newly erected church at Tiraspol was also moved to town and served the parish there until 1910. Due to the disagreement over the moving of the church, by 1907 a new pastor, Fr. Alois Strigl, O.S.B. had to be assigned to bring peace and harmony back to Saints Peter and Paul's. A decision was made to erect a new church to be located east of the now moved old church building. The new bishop of Bismarck, himself, Bishop Vincent Wehrle hauled the first wagon-load of rocks, and by 1909 the basement of the new church was begun. By the spring of 1910 the "foundation was ready for the laying of the cornerstone."16 On Christmas Eve, 1910, the brick Romanesque-like church held its first mass. It received its official blessing June 29, 1911. The cost was near 45,000 dollars and seating planned for approximately 900. To further show the devotion expressed by the parishioners of Strasburg, it has been related that they maneuvered their building debts on the new church so that it stood "legally debt-free." On the 28th of June, 1916, after all encumbrances were free and clear, Saints Peter and Paul's Parish was consecrated by Bishop Vincent Wehrle and some twenty-five additional priests. It was only the second parish in the entire state to be so consecrated; and that with a village population of but slightly over 500 people, not all of whom were of the Catholic faith, for the Reformed Church was organized in the same village by 1916.
Further west of both Hague and Strasburg the parish of Krassna was settled by 1890. Again Fr. Strassmaier was at work. By 1901 the Holy Trinity Parish of Krassna was established as a mission church of Saints Peter and Paul's, Strasburg; and the church which still stands was probably built at that time. Though others cite the date of the first church as 1899, 17 church records begin in 1901 and the parsonage was erected in 1914. An interesting sidelight is that while Krassna was first established as a mission church of Saints Peter and Paul's, it was a certain Peter Miller of Krassna who lent Strasburg's Building Fund its first 600 dollars.
Still other Catholic churches were to be erected in the county. The aforementioned predominantly Catholic Beaver Creek area north of St. John's had settlers arriving from Taurida as early as 1884, when the area was first surveyed. Three years later St. Aloysuis' Parish was organized.18 Again Fr. Strassmaier said the first mass, probably in the home of Jakob Fischer, in June of 1887, after arriving from Fort Yates with a horse and two-wheeled cart, and two Indian companions and guides. Strassmaier continued these trips for a number of years, always notifying the people of his arrival via letter and coming four to five times per year. Fr. Strassmaier's routine was to arrive the day before the celebration of mass to make all arrangements for confessions, baptisms, mass, marriages, vespers, etc. For the services, usually the largest sod home in the area was selected, a small table used as the altar, and the people would gather from miles around traveling on foot, wagon, or horseback to see their beloved missionary priest. The day was a day of religious and social uplift.
The first small church of 20 by 30 feet was built in 1897 on Anton A. Fischer's land, but burned in the fall of 1906. The church had a "very beautiful interior" and was built with no bell tower. A bell hung from two poles erected in front of the church. By 1907, a second church of 30 by 60 feet was built and that too eventually burned on May 21, 1953. The second church contained an organ donated by Kasimir Mastel in 1923 and had a twenty-five foot addition built onto the rear section. Finally in 1953 a new brick building arose which remains standing today. However, as early as 1906, St. Aloysius' already had two mission churches of its own: St. Michael's to the north (situated directly east of Linton) and St. Joseph's to the northeast. Rosenthal's Sacred Heart Parish was also to become a mission of St. Aloysius' Parish.
St. Michael's Parish was organized around 1890 when most settlers in Dakem and Marie townships tired of traveling such long distances to St. Aloysius'. As in other areas their masses too were first held in many of the larger farm homes, but by Christmas of 1914 the idea of building their own church came to fruition. At a cost of 2,200 dollars a small wooden church was constructed. Ground was broken on March 15th and by September of 1915, on the Sunday falling closest to the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel, the little wooden church was dedicated. Eventually St. Michael's became their own parish with a resident priest and then absorbed St. Joseph's to the west about twelve miles. St. Joseph's church was built in 1916 in township 132, range 76 and burned to the ground November 3, 1954. It was not rebuilt.
Further west and south, near Katzenbach, a characteristic formation on Cattail Creek, the mission church of St. Bernard's was constructed in the early 1900's, again by Fr. Bernard for the settlers in the western half of the county. While it is said the mission had its beginnings before the turn of the century, until 1915 the church was served by the Benedictines. However, when Fr. Eichner was sent to Holy Trinity at Krassna, St. Bernard's became a mission church of Krassna's Holy Trinity Parish. In 1933 a larger basement church was constructed nearer the market roadway and the old church moved to the site to be used as a parish hall. In 1964 Holy Trinity closed its doors and St. Bernard's became a mission of St. Anthony's of Linton.
North of Strasburg the Sacred Heart Parish of Rosenthal was constructed in 1907 and struck by a tornado that same year. The parish was probably organized around 1906 and a second church built in 1908. It too was destroyed and now rests in ruins.
Probably the first mass in the Linton area was celebrated in November of 1899 by Fr. Thuile, O.S.B. at the Peter Schweitzer home in the "old town" section. Traveling to Strasburg Fr. Thuile stopped over in Linton and said mass there. Naturally enough Fr. Strassmaier too came to Linton and held mass in homes or in the court house, but more frequently the people had to travel to Strasburg for their services. From 1908 to 1910 the people of Linton were served by the priests of St. Aloysius' Parish, but by 1911 a new church was built on the present site. Later, the old church was moved to the rear and by 1926 a rather large new brick church dedicated to St. Anthony, was built on the same spot as the former.
In Braddock, which claims to be the oldest existing town in Emmons County, the Church of the Epiphany was built in 1913 and dedicated June 3, 1914. It changed its name to St. Mary's in 1937 and later to St. Katherine's in 1949. Fire destroyed the old church in 1945 but it remained in use until St. Katherine's was completed in 1949. While Braddock may be the oldest existing town in Emmons County, it probably never contained any Germans from Russia in appreciable numbers. St. Paul's of Hazelton, however, did; and probably began when the old Woodman Hall from Williamsport was purchased in 1889 and sold to the Hazelton Catholics who remodeled it into a church around 1904 or 1905 at a cost of $250.00.
Remaining text not available.
1. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane, trans. Willard R. Trask (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.; A Harvest Book, 1957), pp. 14-15.
2. Emile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, trans. Joseph W. Swain (New York: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1915; First Free Press Paperback Edition, 1965), pp. 22-23.
3. For an interesting discussion of early religion and education in Dakota Territory, see Chapter Eight of Dakota Panorama, J. Leonard Jennewein and Jane Boorman, eds., (Sioux Falls: Midwest Beach Printing Co., for Dakota Territory Centennial Commission, 1961; Second Printing for Dakota Authors, Inc., 1962).
4. Ibid., p. 183.
5. Ordained a Benedictine priest at Conception Abbey, Missouri, June 1886, this native of Aresing, Bavaria was sent to Indian Territory as a missionary six months after ordination. Fr. Strassmaier was to devote his entire life to the Sioux Indians and the early pioneers. He died at the age of 78 from cancer of the stomach in September of 1940. His golden jubilee of the priesthood was celebrated at Fort Yates in 1936, and he was honored in April of 1940 with a celebration pageant which dramatized his life.
6. See Richard Sallet, Russian-German Settlements in the United States, trans. LaVern J. Rippley and Armand Bauer (Fargo, N.D.: North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, 1974), pp. 36-37. To this day Hague has remained a small rural village. Yet for its size, it has produced one of the most beautiful churches in all of North Dakota, probably not once, but twice! While its 1970 population stood at 146, it probably never exceeded 500. By 1910 the population stood at 183 souls; by 1920, 315; and by 1930, the year of the construction of their present church, 364. By 1920, Hague was comprised almost totally of Black Sea Germans from Russia. 1,893 persons in all of Emmons County had listed their birth places as Russia, and Sallet adds the 1900 census of 4,349 total souls numbered the Russian-Germans in third place among the foreign born in North Dakota next to the Norwegians and Canadians. In McIntosh County they comprised 95.5%, in Emmons, 72.9% of all foreign born inhabitants." (Page 28.)
7. Fr. Matthew Fettig, O.S.B., editor, Saints Peter and Paul's Parish Golden Jubilee, 1948, no pub., no pp. Also see George P. Aberle, From the Steppes to the Prairies (Bismarck, N.D.: Bismarck Tribune Company, 1964), as well as George Rath, The Black Sea Germans in the Dakotas (Freeman, S.D.: Pine Hill Press. 1977).
8. Called the Cottonwood Church because the roof boards were of cottonwood and came from a sawmill on the Missouri River, this congregation seems to have held its services and Sunday School first in an old building at Hull. Organized with 39 charter members, the church was constructed of material hauled from Eureka, South Dakota, a distance of fifty miles. A second building was erected in 1889, and by 1934 the third church of 1928, which seated 400 parishioners, could boast of the "largest Sunday School Enrollment within the Tri-County Sunday School Association."
9. W.P.A. Historical Data Project form.
10. Aberle, pp. 132-133. The present parishioners, however, as well as a 1976 Bicentennial Plaque date a "small church" from 1885. It is difficult to imagine sufficient members in the area let alone the construction of a small church at this early date. Furthermore, since Strassmaier was ordained in 1886, and only arrived at Kenel, South Dakota "six months later," he could not have organized St. John's in 1885 as Kocher (Emmons County Record, January 9, 1974) states; though it is entirely possible other missionaries such as Rev. Claudius, O.S.B. and Rev. Beda, O.S.B. could have started religious activity earlier. See Zeeland Diamond Jubilee Book of 1977.
11. Sallet, p. 37. Either the present translation is incomplete or Sallet has erred. The "Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese" was Joseph Aloysius Kessler who held his bishopric after Bishop Edward van Rapp in the city of Tiraspol. Tiraspol, North Dakota, was located north and slightly east of present-day Strasburg. Aberle, p. 60, states that this same Kessler "visited North Dakota in 1922."
12. The author can find no verification for Sallet's St. Plazidus Parish; See Sallet, p.36. But on logical grounds he accepts Aberle's date of 1887 even though the 1942 Guide to Church Vital Statistics Records (Bismarck: The N.D. Historical Records Survey) lists St. Mary's from 1888. Nevertheless it is interesting to note that the first volume of the present church records carries the scratched-out name of Selz on its cover, not Elsass, even though the first church was physically established in the settlement of Elsass!
13. Pioneer John Brossart in a W.P.A. Historical Data Project form recalls that the first church was built approximately "five miles east of Hull," with a Fr. Joseph (?) as the first minister. The church was built of clay and straw bricks, had no steeple, and used home-made wooden benches. Members of the first church, according to Brossart were: the John Brossart family, Joe Marquart, Frank Metcalf, the Peter and Frank Wentz families, and Pete Schmaltz. In another report of 1939 Peter Vetsch recalls that the church was located seven miles from his home and "was made of home-made clay bricks put around a skeleton of green wood that was bought at Fort Yates saw mill. The wood had to be nailed on before it warped." According to Vetsch, the cost of the 20 by 30 foot structure was 500 to 600 dollars, with one door and six to eight windows. While there was no steeple, there was a bell on the outside and the church was used for ten to fifteen years.
14. Fettig, no pp.
15. Presently only a cemetery, called Tirsbol Cemetery by the parishioners and no longer in use, stands at the site. The first church was dedicated September 10, 1894, and held a gallery, stained glass windows, and a belfry.
16. Fettig, no pp.
17. Ellen Woods and Euvagh Wenzel, editors, Emmons County History Compiled for the Bicentennial, 1976, no pub., p. 100.
18. Fr. Bernard Strassmaier was the first pastor, Fr. J. Widmer, O.S.B. followed, and Fr. Stephen Stenger of St. John's, the third. From 1899 to June of 1949, 1,143 baptisms were recorded, the first being a Wendelin W. Horner and the first burial, Nickolas Heisler, on December 19, 1898. Interestingly, the first marriage recorded in all of Emmons County took place in July of 1884 when Charles Lock of Winona married Ella Goodjohn.
*The rest of the article is missing.
* No author available.


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Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth's rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth's crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and "slip." Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth's crust. (See the table of major earthquakes.)
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centres are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
Earthquake or seismic forces, unlike wind forces, are generally confined to relatively small areas, primarily along the edges of the slowly moving continental plates that form the Earth's crust. When abrupt movements of the edges of these plates occur, the energy released propagates…
The nature of earthquakes
Causes of earthquakes
Earth's major earthquakes occur mainly in belts coinciding with the margins of tectonic plates. This has long been apparent from early catalogs of felt earthquakes and is even more readily discernible in modern seismicity maps, which show instrumentally determined epicentres. The most important earthquake belt is the Circum-Pacific Belt, which affects many populated coastal regions around the Pacific Ocean—for example, those of New Zealand, New Guinea, Japan, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the western coasts of North and South America. It is estimated that 80 percent of the energy presently released in earthquakes comes from those whose epicentres are in this belt. The seismic activity is by no means uniform throughout the belt, and there are a number of branches at various points. Because at many places the Circum-Pacific Belt is associated with volcanic activity, it has been popularly dubbed the "Pacific Ring of Fire."
A second belt, known as the Alpide Belt, passes through the Mediterranean region eastward through Asia and joins the Circum-Pacific Belt in the East Indies. The energy released in earthquakes from this belt is about 15 percent of the world total. There also are striking connected belts of seismic activity, mainly along oceanic ridges—including those in the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the western Indian Ocean—and along the rift valleys of East Africa. This global seismicity distribution is best understood in terms of its plate tectonic setting.
Natural forces
Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy within some limited region of the rocks of the Earth. The energy can be released by elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies. Of all these the release of elastic strain is the most important cause, because this form of energy is the only kind that can be stored in sufficient quantity in the Earth to produce major disturbances. Earthquakes associated with this type of energy release are called tectonic earthquakes.
Tectonic earthquakes are explained by the so-called elastic rebound theory, formulated by the American geologist Harry Fielding Reid after the San Andreas Fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great San Francisco earthquake. According to the theory, a tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results. The fractures propagate rapidly through the rock, usually tending in the same direction and sometimes extending many kilometres along a local zone of weakness. In 1906, for instance, the San Andreas Fault slipped along a plane 430 km (270 miles) long. Along this line the ground was displaced horizontally as much as 6 metres (20 feet).
As a fault rupture progresses along or up the fault, rock masses are flung in opposite directions and thus spring back to a position where there is less strain. At any one point this movement may take place not at once but rather in irregular steps; these sudden slowings and restartings give rise to the vibrations that propagate as seismic waves. Such irregular properties of fault rupture are now included in the modeling of earthquake sources, both physically and mathematically. Roughnesses along the fault are referred to as asperities, and places where the rupture slows or stops are said to be fault barriers. Fault rupture starts at the earthquake focus, a spot that in many cases is close to 5–15 km under the surface. The rupture propagates in one or both directions over the fault plane until stopped or slowed at a barrier. Sometimes, instead of being stopped at the barrier, the fault rupture recommences on the far side; at other times the stresses in the rocks break the barrier, and the rupture continues.
Earthquakes have different properties depending on the type of fault slip that causes them (as shown in the figure). The usual fault model has a "strike" (that is, the direction from north taken by a horizontal line in the fault plane) and a "dip" (the angle from the horizontal shown by the steepest slope in the fault). The lower wall of an inclined fault is called the footwall. Lying over the footwall is the hanging wall. When rock masses slip past each other parallel to the strike, the movement is known as strike-slip faulting. Movement parallel to the dip is called dip-slip faulting. Strike-slip faults are right lateral or left lateral, depending on whether the block on the opposite side of the fault from an observer has moved to the right or left. In dip-slip faults, if the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block, it is called "normal" faulting; the opposite motion, with the hanging wall moving upward relative to the footwall, produces reverse or thrust faulting.
All known faults are assumed to have been the seat of one or more earthquakes in the past, though tectonic movements along faults are often slow, and most geologically ancient faults are now aseismic (that is, they no longer cause earthquakes). The actual faulting associated with an earthquake may be complex, and it is often not clear whether in a particular earthquake the total energy issues from a single fault plane.
Observed geologic faults sometimes show relative displacements on the order of hundreds of kilometres over geologic time, whereas the sudden slip offsets that produce seismic waves may range from only several centimetres to tens of metres. In the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, for example, a surface strike-slip of about one metre was observed along the causative fault east of Beijing, and in the 1999 Taiwan earthquake the Chelung-pu fault slipped up to eight metres vertically.


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Ultimae Records | Panoramic Music
С огромной радостью представляем Вам наших новых друзей:
Ultimae Records | Panoramic Music
Ultimae Records - французская звукозаписывающая компания, штаб-квартира которой расположена в городе Лион. Была основана Венсаном Виллюи (фр. Vincent Villuis) и Сандрин Грайсон (фр. Sandrine Gryson, она же фр. Sunny/Mahiane) в начале 2000 года, с целью создать портал для всех ценителей стиля Ambient. Ultimae - Дом для таких музыкантов, как AES Dana, Solar Fields, HUVA Network, Carbon Based Lifeforms, Asura, Hol Baumann, James Murray, Circular, Hybrid Leisureland, I Awake & Sync24. Лейбл распространяет работы своих музыкантов в основном через Internet с помощью своего интернет-магазина и сети E-дистрибьюторов по всему миру.
web-адрес: www.ultimae.com
дискография лейбла: http://www.ultimae.com/en/releases/index.html
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Dear Friends!
Our friendly label, Ultimae Records is happy to present you three live recordings from the Nuit Hypnotique #4 event in 2011 from Scann-Tec, Circular & Hol Baumann.
The Nuit Hypnotique 4 event took place on 12th March 2011 at la Filature in Mulhouse. Previous editions were set at Les Dominicains de Haute Alsace in Guebwiller but we quickly reached the space limit so Les Dominicains partnered with La Filature to organise the 4th event in their venue within the frame of their Tran(s)e Festival.
The Audience was invited to apprehend music in 3 physical positions, lying, sitting, standing.
Ultimae presented live acts and DJ sets by AES Dana, Solar Fields and Krister Linder, Circular, Carbon Based Lifeforms with their two singers Karin and Ester, H.U.V.A. Network, Laurent Chanal, Scann-Tec, Tajmahal, SYNC24 and Hol Baumann with a background of video projections by Dave Arc-I and Harriett Cavanagh.
The program is opened by Vladislav Isaev aka SCANN-TEC:
Scann-Tec - [ Morpheus Live Nuit Hypnotique 4 ]
This live act by Scann-Tec was performed and recorded at the Morpheus Lounge and mastered for a better sound quality in the Ultimae studio. It presents a couple of revisited well-known tracks from the Russian artist as well as plenty of new music in his typical hypnotic downtempo style.
8pm - CET
9pm - Kyiv
11pm - Moscow
CIRCULAR is continuing the Nuit Hypnotique 4 and presents his live performance:
Circular - [ Nordic Circles Live Nuit Hypnotique 4 ]
This live act by Norwegian duo Circular was performed and recorded at the Morpheus Lounge and mastered for a better sound quality in the Ultimae studio. It presents some tracks released on their second album Divergent as well as brand new compositions in their usual blend of ambient and IDM.
9pm - CET
10pm - Kyiv
12pm - Moscow
HOL BAUMANN is finishing the event:
Hol Baumann - [ Human Live Nuit Hypnotique 4 ]
This live act by French composer Olivier Orand aka Hol Baumann was performed and recorded at the Espace Atlas Auditorium and mastered for a better sound quality in the artist's studio. It presents outstanding remixed versions of his [ Human ] album.
10pm - CET
11pm - Kyiv
01pm - Moscow
It will be a very nice evening on PsyRadio. Tune In.
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Dear Friends!
We are proud to represent you the new release by friendly label Ultimae Records and great composer Magnus Birgersson aka Solar Fields:
SOLAR FIELDS - [ Origin #02 ]
Ultimae proudly presents [ Origin # 02 ], the second chapter in a series of four retrospective albums presenting previously unreleased music by Solar Fields. A few years ago, the artist dived into his studio archives and discovered little gems that had been left aside and forgotten. A simple idea came along to share with fans and followers this incursion into the life of a contemporary composer.
[ Origin # 02 ] compiles tracks composed between 2003 and 2009 offering a diverse yet coherent palette of soundscapes and emotions. Warm groovy rhythms set the pace while we drift through deep electronica washed by waves of ethereal pads and mesmerizing melodies.
All songs written & produced by Magnus Birgersson at various periods.
Mixed and reassembled in 2012 at Studio Jupiter.
01 - Landform (Origin 2005)
02 - Mystic Science (Origin 2007)
03 - Active Sky (Origin 2003)
04 - Echo (Origin 2009)
05 - Unknown Presence (Origin 2008)
06 - Surface (Origin 2007)
07 - Lifebook (Origin 2003)
08 - The Missing (Origin 2006)
09 - Falling Shadows (Origin 2005)
10 - Asteroid (Time Machine Lullaby) (Origin Unknown)
Format : CD Booksleeve 3 parts - 16 pages booklet
CD release date : 8th March 2013
World Wide Digital release date on all Major platforms : 22nd March 2013
more info:
Video teaser:
Tune in PsyRadio on the 8th of March, Friday, and be the first who listen to the new, magic sound by Solar Fields:
20:00 - Kyiv
22:00 - Moscow
Spellbinding sound from the first notes. Tune in PsyRadio and see it yourself.
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Dear Friends!
Ultimae Records is glad to present a last spring release:
MIKTEK - Elsewhere
After multiple releases on various labels including the much acclaimed Abstrakt Reflections, here comes [ Elsewhere ], MIKTEK's first full length album on Ultimae.
Mihalis Aikaterinis, Greek artist, has a natural ability to compose music as ethereal as deeply grounded. With roots in the gothic and cold wave realms and a genuine passion for the electronic scene, he weaves with verve and subtlety finely crafted rhythms and soft melodies. The wide soundscapes, floating atmospheres and resonant themes reveal profound emotions akin to melancholia and hope.
[ Elsewhere ] is a cinematic downtempo, IDM and ambient album presenting 12 tracks including a remixed version of "Ominous Ride" featured on the [ Ambrosia ] compilation.
CD Release date: 30th May 2013
Digital release date: 30th May 2013
Artwork and mastering by Vincent Villuis at Ultimae Studio.
Official Video teaser:
01. False Dawn
02. Elephants
03. Incompressible Flow
04. Ominous Ride (album edit)
05. Human Theory
06. Abismo 2.0
07. Song of the Burning Mountain
08. Purity
09. Elsewhere (The Fade edit)
10. Magnificient Desolation
11. Nascency
12. Time or Place
more info:
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Dear Friends!
We are proud to represent you the next release by Ulrimae Records:
OXYCANTA III curated by Mahiane
A new chapter in the Oxycanta series of compilations by French Dj and arranger Mahiane featuring tracks by artists who are emerging at the forefront of the ambient scene as well as pathfinders in the genre.
Throughout Oxycanta III the sound spectrum reaches wide arrays of deep bass all the way to the high-pitched resonances to display many of the DJ's musical influences while, with a keen sense of float, she blends IDM, downtempo and neo-classical with a hint of atmospheric electronica, and a dash of dub.
Driven by her passion for music and nature, Mahiane titled her collection Oxycanta as a tribute to Crataegus Oxyacantha, a species of Northern European Hawthorn dear to old time herbalists.
Mind-bending story; an invitation to slow the pace and wonder…
Audio mastering & artwork design by Vincent Villuis | Ultimae Studio
01. Miktek | Drone Flower
02. MER-A | Aeolis Mons
03. Lars Leonhard | Slow Motion
04. Muridae | Turning Down
05. Fingers In The Noise | Plenitude
06. AES Dana | Onyx
07. I Awake | Morning Drops – part 1 Feat. Björn Berglund
08. 36 | Seance
09. I Awake | Morning Drops – part 2 Feat. Björn Berglund
10. Scann-Tec | Phaeton Remains
11. Circular | Complex A
12. MER-A | Quasi-stellar
Official video teaser:
Label : Ultimae / ref : inre056 / EAN: 3760180501199
Genre : Ambient / Downtempo /IDM
Release date : 30th September 2013
A lot of thanks to our Friend Roux for the presentation support!
Tune in our vibes on Monday, Sep.30:
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So what exactly do you guys mean by panoramic music. I thought panoramic music was a cluster of all the genres of music. But this does not seem to be like that. that means this is something very unique, that I have never heard of.
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Understanding loss, tragedy and love
08/25/2014 6:55amIn this edition of LIFEadvice, I'd like to offer some comfort to the community after the tragic loss of three young missionaries this week. This has hit close to home for me, since Connor Thredgold's father is a dear friend, a coworker and even a co-contributor to this column.
Stories you may have missed this weekend
08/25/2014 7:23amHere are five stories you may have missed this weekend. As always, click on the headline to read the full story.
A lesson from a child and other moments that made people's day
08/25/2014 8:56amIf ever you get down about the sadness on the Internet, even KSL.com, hopefully this column will pick you up.
Taking car buying negotiations into your own hands
08/25/2014 10:11amBuying a car can be much less stressful, both financially and emotionally, if you're prepared to negotiate for the best price. Here are some tips to help you succeed.
Video: Parody 'Baby Got Class' rings in the school year
08/25/2014 10:17amMany children and teens around the state have either already returned to school or will this week.
Hiking Kanarra Creek Trail is a family affair
08/25/2014 11:09amIf you want to experience a beautiful slot canyon with the family, Kanarra Creek is slow-moving and not too difficult to access.
Woman suffers rare heart attack after giving birth, now raises awareness
08/25/2014 11:44amA Tooele woman is sharing her story to raise awareness about a rare heart attack she suffered six days after giving birth.
New bike locks itself to poles
08/25/2014 11:58amThose who dislike lugging around a hefty lock to secure their bike may be in luck.
Woman threatens officers with box cutter, police say
08/25/2014 2:31pmA woman was arrested Sunday after approaching police officers with a box cutter, officials said.
Man grabs 18-pack of beer, walks out of store
08/25/2014 3:41pmPolice are asking for the public's help in identifying a man who allegedly stole beer from a gas station convenience store.
Judge orders FBI to investigate witness tampering
08/25/2014 4:21pmA federal judge has ordered the FBI to scrutinize allegations that the agency pressured a witness not to testify in a trial about videos related to the Oklahoma City bombing.
Principal: Teen killed in crash was 'wonderful, friend to everyone'
08/25/2014 5:13pmA 15-year-old West Jordan boy who friends and school administrators say was a friend to everybody, was killed over the weekend in a crash north of Willard.
Woman pleads guilty to child sex abuse committed while she was a man
08/25/2014 5:42pmA Duchesne County woman has admitted she sexually abused a child in the early '90s while living as a man.
2 suffer minor injures in armored car accident
08/25/2014 6:05pmTwo men were taken to the hospital with apparent minor injuries after a "partial" rollover accident involving a Brinks armored truck Monday.
Some stolen police equipment recovered; 2 arrested
08/25/2014 6:11pmTwo men have been arrested in connection with the theft of police equipment stolen from an unmarked police car in Heber City.
Many Utahns oppose, misunderstand Common Core, poll shows
08/25/2014 6:20pmA new poll conducted by Dan Jones & Associates for UtahPolicy.com shows that a plurality of Utahns oppose the Common Core, but only 1 in 5 likely voters can accurately identify what it is.
Altamont mayor pleads guilty in shoplifting incident
08/25/2014 6:35pmAltamont Mayor Clyde Watkins has pleaded guilty to one count of theft for stealing a bottle of over-the-counter medication from the town's only grocery store.
Woman accidentally shoots family member in car
08/25/2014 7:00pmA woman is in fair condition after she was accidentally shot by a family member while in a car they were both traveling in, police say.
Trial date set for Orem man accused of killing wife
08/25/2014 7:01pmConrad Truman faces murder charges in the suspicious death of his wife Heidy nearly two years ago. At a final pretrial conference Monday afternoon, attorneys agreed for jury selection to begin on Sept. 30, and opening arguments are set for Oct. 1.
Kittens found in garbage stuck to rat trap; man arrested
08/25/2014 7:29pmA Murray man who police say trapped five kittens and threw two of them in a garbage can while they were still alive was arrested over the weekend.
Vernal woman who died in Green River identified
08/25/2014 7:30pmPolice identified the woman who they found dead in the Green River as Leona Jean Rowley, 37, of Vernal.
S. Ogden man's death called suspicious
08/25/2014 7:38pmPolice are investigating a suspicious death in South Ogden.
1st Utahn diagnosed with West Nile fever
08/25/2014 7:39pmThe first human case of West Nile virus in Utah for 2014 was announced by the Salt Lake County Health Department Monday.
Woman asks judge to stop alimony paid to man accused of killing new husband
08/25/2014 8:29pmA Lindon woman went to court Monday to ask a judge to allow her to stop making alimony payments to her ex-husband who is charged will killing her new husband in July.
Another delay granted in Martin MacNeill case
08/25/2014 8:58pmThe sentencing for Martin MacNeill was delayed Monday pending a motion to dismiss filed by his attorney.
Ex-bus driver charged with abusing girls released on bail
08/25/2014 9:26pmA former Canyons School District bus driver awaiting trial on charges of abusing two disabled juvenile girls on his bus is free on bail.
Rockslide affects two roads in Emery County
08/25/2014 10:17pmHeavy rainfall in Straight Canyon has caused a landslide that is affecting SR-29 and Cottonwood Canyon between Orangeville and Castledale, police report.
Utah's Great Gallery rock art younger than previously thought
08/25/2014 10:24pmUtah's most famous display of ancient rock art is apparently not so ancient after all. Research at Utah State University using natural radioactivity and glow-in the-dark technology uncovered some secrets of The Great Gallery.
Neighbors fume over garbage piles in cleanup 'miscommunication'
08/25/2014 10:46pmNeighbors along Salt Lake City's northwestern boundary are upset about large piles of branches, garbage and discarded couches along their street, after an apparent "miscommunication" involving the city's neighborhood cleanup progra
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text: We stayed here with close family in preparation for our wedding. It was AMAZING! We arrived very early on Saturday and it was pouring down with rain so badly. Thankfully our transfers were all ready upon arrival and we were well looked after. The team organised an early check in and had everything under control. Overall, the staff are fantastic... More


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"We wanted to change the dynamic," Lentol said, who emphasized the importance of meeting the needs of neighborhood businesses.
Originally established in 1930, the organization was involved in the community until its activity tapered off in the 1980's. Lentol said that through the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, Greenpoint Chamber members could participate in HealthWorks, a low-cost health insurance program for small businesses.
And in its early stages, the Brooklyn Chamber will represent the Greenpoint Chamber of Commerce through an independent non-profit organization throughout the borough.
"Brooklyn is a large borough and we can't do it alone," said Carlo Scissura, president and CEO of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce. "It is important for the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce to have satellite organizations so that our reach can stretch to every part of this diverse borough. Greenpoint is thriving and an area growing with new businesses."
The Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce has not ruled out adding other satellite groups in the future.
The Greenpoint Chamber hosted their first mixer last Wednesday at the Red Star Bar with Lentol, Scissura and Jeff Mann, the organization's executive director, to raise awareness about the group's benefits and increase membership.
"We're just getting the word out right now," said Mann, who expressed his excitement to lead the group in its infancy. "Brooklyn is such a broad borough."
As for the chamber's disappearance in the 80's, Mann admitted that "there's always that fear," but added that the group's recent mixer to raise awareness and increase membership helped people to recognize the credibility of the organization.
Mann said approximately 70 people came out to the event, with 10 businesses signing up for membership. For the next eight to 12 months, Mann said his goal is to hopefully have 200 businesses in the organization.
As for now, Lentol said this would be the first of several events that the organization would be hosting to increase membership, which costs $300 annually.


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Saturday Jun 27 2009
Koerner's repeat worth the wait
By: Todd Mordhorst Journal Sports Editor
Reigning champ pulls away at the 50-mile mark while international runners fill out the top three
Hal Koerner didn't hear footsteps Saturday afternoon when he was chugging through Main Street in Foresthill. Whether it was the Allman Brothers blaring on his headphones or the crowd urging him on, something spurred Koerner to pick up the pace. Leaving his challengers in the dust at the halfway point, Koerner ran to his second straight Western States Endurance run title Saturday night. After starting at Squaw Valley Saturday morning at 5 a.m., Koerner ran across the finish line at Auburn's Placer High in 16 hours, 24 minutes, 55 seconds. The triple-digit temperatures in the canyons punished many of the runners, but Koerner dealt with the adverse conditions beautifully after his push to take the lead and build a comfortable advantage. "Coming into Michigan Bluff is the first time you see your crew and everyone for so long and I just got a huge charge from that," Koerner said. "I've run this race a lot of times and just like anything else, it just gets shorter every time, so I knew I could run it pretty hard." The Ashland, Ore. resident looked fresh at the finish, as he did in 2007, when he led from start to finish and clocked in at 16:12:16. He had to wait two years to defend his crown after the 2008 race was canceled due to wildfires in the area. On Saturday, Koerner was content to follow Mackey closely for the first half of the race. After he and Mackey cruised through the Michigan Bluff aid station together, Koerner kicked it into overdrive. By the time he reached Foresthill seven miles later, he had built a 19-minute lead on the rest of the field. Mackey ran into trouble between Michigan Bluff and Foresthill, while Koerner found another gear and made the race his own. Behind him, a fascinating duel for second place went to Tsuyoshi Kaburagi. He kept up a steady pace to clock an impressive 16:52. The international theme continued at the finish line as moments later, Great Britain's Jez Bragg raced to the finish with Auburn's Scott St. John pacing him. "We passed three people between No Hands (Bridge) and here," said Bragg, who works as a construction project manager in Warwick, England. "I would bet our splits at the end were some of the quickest ever, because I was properly flying." Stunningly absent from the field of frontrunners over the last half of the race was seven-time champion Scott Jurek. The 35-year-old physical therapist from Seattle won every Western States between 1999 and 2005. He returned this year after a three-year hiatus, but wasn't his normal self. Jurek was in third place at the Robinson Flat aid station 29.7 miles into the race. But he withdrew from the race at Devil's Thumb after covering 47.8 miles in 7:56. He was suffering from a foot injury and wasn't able to keep up with the most decorated field of runners in the 35-year history of the race. "If there's one person that had all the pressure in the world to push through (the injury), it was him," Koerner said of Jurek. "I feel for him." Koerner said he was drinking about 36 ounces of water every hour to stay hydrated in the blazing heat. "The canyons weren't too bad," he said. "The heat going into Rucky Chucky was unbelievable. In the direct sunlight, it was burning my eyes. It took a couple gut checks in there to keep going." The women's race had a surprise leader in Anita Ortiz. The 45-year-old mother of four from Eagle, Colo., had a lead of about 35 minutes as she cruised through the Brown's Bar checkpoint aid station late Saturday night. Krissy Moehl was in second place while Bev Anderson-Abbs trailed in third. Three-time women's champion Nikki Kimball was more than 90 minutes behind Ortiz at Robinson Flat — 29.7 miles into the race. Kimball raced her way into fourth place at press time, but she was well back of the lead. For more on Western States, see Monday's Journal.


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The Toyota FJ Cruiser is a rare breed. It is a compelling combination of modern mechanics with classic styling. The FJ Cruiser's history begins with the Toyota Land Cruiser FJ40 series of midsize SUVs. A mixture between jeep and truck, the FJ40 was a popular four-wheel-drive vehicle sold in the U.S.
The FJ Cruiser is styled in the same manner as the FJ40, but with a few modern updates. The FJ Cruiser was introduced to the public in 2007 and is still built today.
The Toyota FJ Cruiser is known for its tough off road capabilities. Underneath the hood is a powerful engine that blows a lot of other SUVs out of the water.
The wheels are designed to cover a lot of ground while providing stability in offroad situations. The front suspension is made with a double-wishbone design with a solid rear axis. This makes the vehicle supple over hills but strong in long stretches of road. The fun translates well to paved roads.
Inside the vehicle are a lot of standard features. Plush driver and passenger seats provide a smooth ride for all. The outside of the vehicle has a very appealing style as well.
Slight drawbacks include a somewhat uncomfortable back seat area, especially when off-roading. Entry to the rear seating area is also uncomfortable, and severe blind spots curb the safety of driving the vehicle in busy traffic areas.
The Toyota FJ Cruiser comes in three different models: the FJ Cruiser 4x2, 4x4 six-speed manual, and the 4x4 five-speed automatic.
All models have the 4.0-liter V-6 DOHC 24-valve engine with Dual Independent Valve Timing with Intelligence (VVT-i) system. The engine produces 260 horses at 5600 RPM and 271 lb-ft of torque. The engine starts using the Toyota Direct Ignition (TDI) system.
The five-speed manual is an Electronically Controlled automatic Transmission with Intelligence (ECT-i) system. The six-speed manual transmission is only available on the full time four-wheel drive vehicle. Active traction control is available as a package option on the four-wheel drive options.
All FJ Cruisers have a power assisted four-piston front disc brake for superior control in offroad situations.
Fuel economy is not amazing on the FJ Cruiser. The 4x2 and automatic 4x4 gets 17/20 mpg city/highway, while the manual 4x4 gets 15/18 mpg city/highway.
The exterior is stylish. All vehicles have a multi-reflector halogen headlamp with an automatic off feature. The body paint is two-tone, with the body color offset by a white roof. The FJ Cruiser has black overfenders with black front and rear mudguards. The bumpers are a stylish black with metallic silver trim.
The 17-inch wheels come standard but 17-inch alloy wheels are also available. Also available for those interested in stylish wheels are 16-inch, six-spoke alloy wheels. On the back of the vehicle is a lift-up glass hatch for easy load-in and load-out.
The interior has a lot of standard options. Included is Sirius radio and iPod connectivity with a JBL system available as a package option. Water resistant, fabric-trimmed front seats with a 60/40 split in the back are standard.
All vehicles come fully equipped with stability control, anti-lock brakes (ABS), and smart stop technology. Driver and passenger airbags are installed, as well as curtain airbags to prevent major injury during a crash. Side impact door beams are installed in case an accident occurs.
The Toyota FJ Cruiser starts at $25,990 for the 4X2, $27,170 for the 4X4 manual and $27,580 for the 4X4 automatic. A special Army green edition is available by special order.
The Toyota FJ Cruiser was introduced in 2007. Not a lot of changes were made since the vehicle was released. The 4.0-liter engine produced 239 hp and 278 lb-ft of torque. It was equipped with 17-inch steel wheels and got slightly better fuel economy at 17/21 mpg city/highway.
The 2007 model year had side curtain airbags as an option. If you pick up a used 2007, check to ensure it has the side curtains for the best safety. In 2008, the side curtains were standard. The 2009 FJ Cruiser was the first to offer the rear camera backup assist, which is integral when parking the FJ Cruiser in a tight parking spot. Seek out models with the camera feature. Increased engine power was also introduced in 2010.
2014 Toyota FJ Cruiser
SUV, Utility/Offroad
2013 Toyota FJ Cruiser
The 2013 Toyota FJ Cruiser is a reliable SUV based on the FJ40 Land Cruiser that was sold between 1960 and 1985.
2012 Toyota FJ Cruiser
The 2012 Toyota FJ Cruiser Trail Teams Special Edition package now offers Radiant Red as a new color option. Otherwise, the 2012 Toyota FJ Cruiser carries over unchanged from model year 2011.
2011 Toyota FJ Cruiser
The big news is this year's cool FJ Cruiser special edition: it features Army Green paint (body and roof), with matching seat inserts; black trim and grille; Bilstein shocks; locking rear differential; active traction control; and new 10-speaker audio system. There's also a new Off-Road package, which includes many of the mechanical features of the special edition. This replaces the All-Terrain package.
2010 Toyota FJ Cruiser
2009 Toyota FJ Cruiser
2008 Toyota FJ Cruiser
The 2008 Toyota FJ Cruiser is a two-door sport-utility vehicle (SUV) that looks and performs like an off-road all-terrain vehicle.
2007 Toyota FJ Cruiser
The 2007 FJ Cruiser is a new sport utility vehicle (SUV) that is based on the FJ40 that was introduced to the U.


text: WKMG-Local 6 was Orlando's first television station and is the area's CBS affiliate. Orignally known as WDBO-TV (for "Way Down By Orlando''), the station went on the air in July 1, 1954. It would become the longtime dominant station in the market with lots of local shows such as Central Florida Showcase (a news discussion show), Uncle Walt's Adventures, Hunting and Fishing and, of course, Romper Room. When Columbia Pictures considered buying the station from Outlet Co. in 1982, the call letters were prematurely changed from WDBO to to WCPX (for Columbia Pictures). The deal didn't go through, but the call letters remained. Meredith Corp. purchased the station in 1997, but it already owned Fox affilate WOFL-Channel 35 -- and at the time such a duopoly wasn't allowed. Meredith decided to keep WOFL and trade WKMG to Post-Newsweek (which had also bid on the station) for a Post-Newsweek station in Hartford, Conn. Post-Newsweek changed Channel 6's call letters a third time, making it WKMG in honor of Post-Newsweek's Katharine M. Graham. Some of the anchors for Local 6 News are Lauren Rowe, Jacqueline London, Tom Terry, David Pingalore or "Ping," Mike Garafolo, Erick Webber, Laura Diaz, Troy Bridges and Erik von Ancken.


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Once again wrestling fans, Johnny Devine is back to enlighten and improve your sad and miserable lives. Wow, has June been one hell of a month for wrestling! The return of ECW, TNA's Slammiversary and some good, great and absolutely terrible TV! Wrestling fans on the whole have to be happy, very happy.
The return of ECW has created a huge buzz around the wrestling world. With opinions and speculation as varied as the fans who will tune in. The One Night Stand PPV was, by all accounts, a resounding success. Filled with the things that made ECW great -- counter culture personas, a hatred for all things corporate and lots of profane chants -- it was considered a triumph for Paul Heyman and Tommy Dreamer, and by association Vince McMahon and WWE, to bring back the little engine that could.
But now the nostalgia of a return is worn off. And the reality of the wrestling world is setting in. What do I mean? I mean that you can't go back. I mean the Sci Fi TV show has to this point been a failure to produce the desired ECW feel. And that's part of the problem. You cannot get the desired ECW feel if the WWE is running the show.
The first TV show was by all accounts dismal and offensive in that it was so NOT an ECW show it was laughable. It must be said, though, that WWE or McMahon cannot be blamed for the reaction at this point though because they are trying. So who is to blame? Well the answer is easy. The fans who expected to see the 1998 version of ECW, that's who. In all the entertainment world, returns and rehashes to old story lines and ideas never catch on like they did the first time. Some people are going to say it's just sour grapes, and in truth to a small extent it is, but I would be remiss if I didn't point it out. But it can never have the "same" feel as it did before. The roster is different, the writing is different and the station airing it is different. And you just can't please all the people all the time.
Most people know I was a huge fan of ECW and would like nothing more than to see it take off, but those who will say "you are with TNA and want it to fail" couldn't be more wrong. As well we always need more places for the boys to work.
TNA's Slammiversary was also a success. It had some of the best build-up for a PPV in recent memory. I thought the Scott Steiner and Samoa Joe interviews were fantastic, and the stuff for the King of the Mountain as well. But to me, one of the most entertaining build-ups went to Kevin Nash versus Chris Sabin. Alex Shelley and Nash have, for the time being, stolen the title of "most entertaining thing on television" from Eric Young. Granted, Eric will be getting it back shortly, but Shelley and Nash have done an amazing job together. I look forward to their antics each week.
I thought the PPV itself was excellent. All the matches were quite good, with my match of the night nod going to America's Most Wanted and The Fallen Angel and A.J. Styles. Damn, was that Amazon huge; legs like tree trunks. For those of you that missed it, I definitely suggest getting the replay if you can, or the DVD when it comes out. And Jim Cornette as the new face of management is awesome!! He is one of the all-time best promo men in wrestling. Period. Look for some big changes from him in the near future. I was a big fan of the Midnight Express as a youngster and love that I will get to work with him and learn from him.
Well, enough for now. I hope you have all been supporting your local indies and wrestling in general. If not shame on you. Give yourself a good self flagellation and stern talking to.
As always feedback or booking info can be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com or to the website at www.johnnydevine.net or on MySpace at www.myspace.com/canadiandevine. Till next time, I've got my eye on you.
In the mean time and in between time, that's it, another edition of Devine Intervention.
Bye now,
EDITOR'S NOTE: "Hotshot" Johnny Devine's column will run on Saturdays (or whenever he delivers) on SLAM! Wrestling. Be sure to visit each week! For more on Devine's career, see his biography in our Canadian Hall of Fame.


text: Young Adults Class by Monte Chartier | Oct 3, 2017 | 0 comments Calendar Add to Calendar Add to Timely Calendar Add to Google Add to Outlook Add to Apple Calendar Add to other calendar Export to XML When: February 27, 2018 @ 6:30 pm Repeats 2018-02-27T18:30:00-07:00 2018-02-27T18:45:00-07:00 Young Adults Class meets in loft 6:30-7:45 pm. Submit a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website


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Freedom in the World
You are here
2012 Scores
Freedom Rating (1 = best, 7 = worst)
Civil Liberties (1 = best, 7 = worst)
Political Rights (1 = best, 7 = worst)
The October 2011 elections for the Federal Assembly saw the right wing Swiss People's Party lose seats in the National Council for the first time since 1975 as centrist parties made gains. In response to UN concerns about the use of excessive force in asylum detention centers and in forced repatriation cases, the government instituted a number of measures in 2011, including a monitoring system and trained observers, to ensure proper treatment of deportees.
Switzerland, which has existed as a confederation of cantons since 1291, emerged with its current borders and a tradition of neutrality at the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815. The country's four official ethnic communities are based on language: German, French, Italian, and Romansh (the smallest community).
Switzerland remained neutral during the wars of the 20th century, and it joined the United Nations only after a referendum in 2002. Membership in international institutions has long been a controversial issue in Switzerland. The Swiss have resisted joining the European Union (EU), and even rejected membership in the European Economic Area, a free-trade area that links non-EU members with the EU. However, Switzerland has joined international financial institutions and signed a range of free-trade agreements.
During the 2003 federal elections, the far-right Swiss People's Party (SVP), hostile to both EU membership and immigration, made blatantly xenophobic appeals. It led the vote, followed closely by the center-left Social Democratic Party (SPS).
The SVP successfully championed a 2006 referendum on tightening asylum and immigration laws. The new laws required asylum seekers to produce an identity document within 48 hours of arrival or risk repatriation, effectively limiting immigration to those coming from EU countries; prospective immigrants from outside the EU would have to possess skills lacking in the Swiss economy.
In the October 2007 federal elections, the SVP captured 29 percent of the vote, more than any party since 1919. The SVP campaign received international attention for its anti-immigrant appeals, and an SVP rally and counterdemonstration in Bern resulted in violence rarely seen in Switzerland.
In December 2007, the SVP temporarily placed itself in opposition to the government after the parliament refused to reappoint Christoph Blocher to the cabinet, choosing instead Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, from the party's more moderate wing. The SVP subsequently expelled Widmer-Schlumpf, who then became part of the new center-right Conservative Democratic Party (BDP).
Following successful petitioning by the SVP, a referendum calling for a ban on the future construction of minarets on mosques was held in November 2009. Nearly 58 percent of the population and 22 out of 26 cantons voted in favor of the ban. However, the four mosques with existing minarets would not be affected. In November 2010, a referendum mandating the automatic deportation of foreigners convicted of certain crimes passed with 53 percent of the vote. Both referendums met with considerable domestic and international criticism.
The federal elections held on October 23, 2011, saw a modest strengthening of the political center in Switzerland. In National Council elections, the SVP, while still the most represented party, lost seats for the first time since 1975, retaining 54 seats—8 fewer than the 2007 election. The SPS gained seats reaching a total of 46. The Free Democratic Party (FDP) was reduced to 30 seats. The Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) also lost seats, coming away with 28. The Green Party (GPS) and the Green Liberal Party (GLP) won 15 and 12 seats, respectively, and the BDP took 9 seats, with the remaining 6 seats going to other parties. In the Council of States elections, the CVP retained 13 seats, followed by the FDP and SPS with 11 each, the SVP with 5, the GLP with 2, the BDP with 1, and the remaining seats going to other parties. A by-election for all seven members of the Federal Council was held on December 14, with six of the seven members being re-elected and Alain Berset filling the seat of the retiring Micheline Calmy-Rey. Widmer-Schlumpf was elected President of the Confederation and will preside over the Federal Council during 2012.
As a major banking center, Switzerland was hit hard by the global financial crisis in 2008, leading to renewed international criticism of the country's strict bank secrecy laws. In 2009, Switzerland agreed to adopt international transparency standards established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) by providing foreign governments with financial information in tax evasion cases and tax fraud investigations. Switzerland reached tax agreements with Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States in 2010 and India in 2011, most of which involved untaxed money held in Swiss bank accounts.
Switzerland is an electoral democracy. The 1848 constitution, significantly revised in 1874 and 2000, provides for a Federal Assembly with two directly elected chambers: the 46-member Council of States (in which each canton has two members and each half-canton has one) and the 200-member National Council. All lawmakers serve four-year terms. The Federal Council (cabinet) is a seven-person executive council, with each member elected by the Federal Assembly. The presidency is largely ceremonial and rotates annually among the Federal Council's members.
The Swiss political system is characterized by decentralization and direct democracy. The cantons and half-cantons have significant control over economic and social policy, with the federal government's powers largely limited to foreign affairs and some economic matters. Referendums, which have been used extensively since the 1848 constitution, are mandatory for any amendments to the Federal Constitution, the joining of international organizations, or major changes to federal laws.
The government is free from pervasive corruption. As the world's largest offshore financial center, the country had long been criticized for failing to comply with recommended international norms on money laundering and terrorist financing. However, Switzerland has reached bilateral deals with several countries on financial information sharing and was removed from the OECD's "grey list" of tax havens in 2009. Switzerland was ranked 8 out of 183 countries surveyed in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index.
Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the constitution. Switzerland has a free media environment, although the state-owned Swiss Broadcasting Corporation dominates the broadcast market. Consolidation of newspaper ownership in large media conglomerates has forced the closure of some small and local newspapers. The law penalizes public incitement to racial hatred or discrimination and denying crimes against humanity. In 2007, the Swiss Federal Court found Doğu Perinçek of the Turkish Workers' Party guilty of denying the Armenian genocide in a public speech in 2005. There is no government restriction on access to the internet.
Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution, and most cantons support one or several churches. The country is split roughly between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, though some 400,000 Muslims form the largest non-Christian minority, according to the 2000 census. A 2008 law requires that immigrant clerics receive integration training, including language instruction, before practicing. Most public schools provide religious education, depending on the predominant creed in each canton. Religion classes are mandatory in some schools, although waivers are regularly granted upon request. The government respects academic freedom.
Freedoms of assembly and association are provided by the constitution. The right to collective bargaining is respected, and approximately 25 percent of the workforce is unionized.
The judiciary is independent, and the rule of law prevails in civil and criminal matters. Most judicial decisions are made at the cantonal level, except for the federal Supreme Court, which reviews cantonal court decisions when they pertain to federal law. Prison and detention center conditions generally meet international standards, and the Swiss government permits visits by independent human rights observers. Some incidents of police discrimination and excessive use of force have been documented. In response to concerns put forward by the UN Committee against Torture in 2010, the government took steps in 2011 to address the treatment of asylum seekers, including the training of observers present during repatriation flights and instituting a monitoring system in cases of forced repatriation.
The rights of cultural, religious, and linguistic minorities are legally protected. However, increasing anxiety about the growing foreign-born population has led to a tightening of asylum laws. Further societal discriminations are mounting towards minorities, especially against those of African and Central European descent, as well as Roma.
Women were only granted universal suffrage at the federal level in 1971, and the half-canton of Appenzell-Innerrhoden denied women the right to vote until 1990. Fifty-eight women sit on the 200-member National Council and 9 in the Council of States. The constitution guarantees men and women equal pay for equal work, but pay differentials remain. Switzerland was ranked 10 out of 135 countries surveyed in the World Economic Forum's 2011 Gender Gap Report, which analyzes equality in the division of resources and opportunities between men and women. Abortion in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy was decriminalized following a 2002 referendum.


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Tuesday, January 17, 2012
Thought for the day
The longer I live, the more I am rendered speechless. I'm expecting to be a mute by age 40.
3 comments:
- Leslie said...
- January 19, 2012 at 8:30 PM
- texasdaisey said...
I have been reading a bit in your blog and laughing out loud. I know, I could shorten that but just felt the need to spell it out this time. You seem to be pretty fun and definitely funny. Enjoyed it greatly.
- February 6, 2012 at 8:50 PM
- Patti said...
Hi ..I was directed to an old post of yours thru Pinterest. It is the one where you gave the recipe for your famous punch. This looks wonderful, but you do not mention what alcohol you put into it - Is it vodka? Or does it matter? Off to read some of your blog!! Thanks, patti
- February 7, 2012 at 9:31 AM
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