text:
It's not entirely what I'd say, myself. I'm less a fan of back and forth about who's "really" in control as I am of the idea that
A good step towards accepting your sexuality for what it is may be to unpack it a little bit more. I want to quote you back to you: I'm a very assertive and driven person in real life so it's just really hard for me to accept how much I sexually enjoy giving up control and power.
I'm going to come back to the first part, but first let's focus on the second part of the sentence: I sexually enjoy giving up control and power. YOU give up control and power. In the real world, power and control are taken from women in an effort to make them submissive. In your sex life, as convoluted as this may seem, you are in power because you make the choice to give up power. Your boyfriend (yay for him) engaged in this because you (still in power) asked him to engage. As much as the sex play is about you "giving up power," in reality you are still the one in control.
- choosing something is different from it being chosen for you, and
- being able to end an interaction is different from being part of a social structure you probably can't alter all by your lonesome.
Most responses are supportive, with a couple people (rightly, IMO) pointing out that many women are submissive to men and that it may be worth considering whether patriarchy has something to do with this. (My opinion: Yes, but it is also true from what I've seen that submissive people outnumber dominant ones in all cases, so we should be sure to take this into account before deciding that this is entirely because of the Pat.)
The usual debates begin a bit further down, with this comment from laughingrat:
We're all familiar with the polarization that, sadly, comes next.
I don't particularly mind being the lone voice of dissent here, and the rhetoric about this subject is often so skewed that it might give other dissenters courage to think or speak freely if they see someone else's remarks.
We live in a society that is based on domination and submission--the brutalization of one person or group of persons for the benefit of another. This is called "patriarchy." Nothing we do or think is free of patriarchy; everything we can currently imagine or act is done within the context of patriarchy. D/S in the bedroom, fetishizing torture of the body or spirit in the bedroom, is by definition happening within and saturated by patriarchy.
Do what you like in bed, but please do not tell fairy tales about it, and don't tell me it's "feminist" to hurt or inflict hurt, to dominate or be dominated, because it's not. If we had no patriarchy, if there was no overriding, hideous system designed to subjugate some and elevate others, I might be inclined to believe that BDSM is a positive behavior--but then, if we had no patriarchy, BDSM would not hold nearly the fascination it does now. Without patriarchy, the so-called "submissive side" of our personality, taken for granted as being natural because we can't currently imagine the possibility of life without domination and submission, would simply go away.
I don't really have much to say that I haven't said already. Funny how this discussion always seems to re-tread the same ground over and over. But, for anyone who hasn't seen my response to arguments like these, needs a refresher, or just would like to read it again:
- There's a persistent confusion among anti-SM feminists where they assume that all pro-SM feminists assert that BDSM is feminist, or that doing BDSM means engaging in a feminist act.
Some of us do say this, believing that one of the ways patriarchy controls women is by pressuring us to put men's sexual desires before our own. On this view, BDSM is feminist because any woman exploring her fantasies and desires is rebelling against a social standard that tells her that her sexuality does not belong to her.
Others, including me, are asserting not that BDSM is inherently feminist, but rather that it is consistent with feminism. Personally, I don't think my kinks are any more feminist than brushing my teeth is -- but I also do not think that they are any less feminist than brushing my teeth is.
Oddly, a lot of anti-SM feminists don't seem able to even entertain the possibility that some actions are neither feminist nor antifeminist.
- I don't believe any of us can assert what sexualities would look like in Utopia, and I think it's really arrogant to assert that we know what they would look like.
I also think that the logic that BDSM will someday disappear is based on flawed logic.
For one thing, a lot of BDSM is about physical sensation. I don't think that masochism has as much to do with social dynamics as it has to do with how people process physical sensation, how much endorphins a particular individual produces in response to stimuli, how much she enjoys endorphin highs, etc.
For another, I think that the idea that all D/s traces back to unjust social dynamics is flawed, or at least needs to be argued for more robustly than I've usually seen it argued for. While I don't doubt that some D/s fantasies involve them, I don't think all do. Every adult was once a child, and every child was both nurtured and limited/controlled by parents or caretakers, and probably by teachers as well. I don't think it's any kind of stretch that some humans might sexualize this, and I don't think no one would in Utopia either. Even, yes, if Utopia had a lot less hierarchy in it.
As I have, again, said many times before, I get the impression that many anti-SM people are actually saying that only reaching the conclusions they have counts as real "examination."
The difference between them and me is I couldn't care less if someone who really was pressured by society or by trauma into submitting gives it up and is healthier for it. Whereas these people sure do seem to care a lot whether others of us, who assert that our own personal stories are not the same as theirs are, keep doing it or not.
(Or, to be fair to those anti-SM feminists who consistently bray "I'm not telling you what to doooooooo!" as if that were the issue,"sure do seem to care a lot whether others of us keep defending it from their critiques.")
I'll end quoting a comment from hope that I think is completely brilliant and right on, so we don't all have to walk away mad:
While I know that this is a fairly common radical feminist view, it is condescending. To say that if there were no patriarchy then BDSM might be okay, but without patriarchy BDSM wouldn't exist is essentially saying that BDSM is never okay. Additionally, saying that without patriarchy all social power imbalances would disappear just seems a little silly to me. Not all power dynamics are bad, what about parent/child or teacher/student?
That being said, calling laughingrat an idiot is not a helpful way of furthering discussion. I think that part of the problem is that kinky people are very used to being treated badly for their kink. I've been told that being submissive and feminist are fundamentally incompatible more times than I can count. I've heard that if we just "examined" or "questioned" our desires we would see why they were wrong. I've heard that I am sick and disgusting and that my lover is abusive and a rapist and should kill himself. And this has all come from feminists.
....Again, I'm fairly confident that the majority of submissives are male, not female. I am also really sick of hearing that feminists who are sexually submissive don't question or examine where their desires come from, we do. I've been examining my desires since I started having them when I was a child; I still don't know why I have them. I wasn't abused as a child, I didn't start having submissive tendencies after being sexually assaulted, and I grew up in one of the most progressive feminist towns in Massachusetts. I also don't know why I'm queer, but most people (especially feminists) don't seem to need me to question that quite as thoroughly.
....EGhead [who said "I think it would be beneficial for people to stop their BDSM practices; not necessarily beneficial for them, but beneficial for society as a whole."] doesn't think anyone necessarily needs to change, just that it would be better for society if we did. The (hopefully unintentional) subtext of this is that, since this is a feminist site and most feminists care strongly about bettering society, submissives are selfish for putting their sexual desire before the good of society. Which, interestingly enough, sounds a lot like some very un-feminist sentiments about female sexuality in general. I sincerely hope that this was not intentional on EGhead's part.


text:
Michael Jackson's Beer Companion: The World's Great Beer Styles, Gastronomy, and Traditions
Running Press, 1997 - 288 pagina's
With more than 50 new, specially commissioned photographs, 60 new labels, and a revised text, Michael Jackson's Beer Companion is a comprehensive guide to the world's finest beers. "White" Wheat Beers, Oatmeal Stouts, "Irish" Reds, India Pale Ales ... the blossoming of beer styles in the stores, pubs, and restaurants of America was inspired by Jacksonn's writings. Now, the world's most influential writer on beer explains the character and uses of each style. What are the most refreshing beers? Which beers are good before meals, or with food? Most important, what are the classic examples of each style? Jackson highlights his favorites, often pitting American microbrews against European classics. Some of his choices will surprise you ... and introduce you to new and outstanding beers. Jackson's verdicts are based on first-hand experience - decades of traveling, tasting, and meeting brewers. Many beers now universally acknowledged as classics were little-known brews when he first highlighted them in the 1970s and 1980s.
Wat mensen zeggen - Een review schrijven
LibraryThing ReviewGebruikersrecensie - datrappert - LibraryThing
Exhaustive, beautifully illustrated, and lovingly written companion to the world's beers. Sadly, the author is no more, and some of the beers are no more as well. Books like this tend to be a bit ... Volledige review lezen
exploring beer
Taking a world view
14 andere gedeelten niet weergegeven
Overige edities - Alles weergeven
Michael Jackson's Beer Companion: The World's Great Beer Styles, Gastronomy ...
Michael Jackson
Geen voorbeeld beschikbaar - 2000
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
abbey acidity alcohol by weight alcohol content ales Altbier amber American aroma barley wine Bavaria Belgian Belgium Berliner Weisse biere de garde black beer blend bock bottle bottle-conditioned brew brewery brewery's brewhouse Brewing Company brewpub Britain British brown cafe called casks cellars chocolate classic color complex creamy dark lager Dortmunder drink dry stout dryish dryness Einbeck example Export fermentation finish flavor Flemish fruit beers fruity Germany Goldings grain gravity gueuze Guinness Hallertau hop character hoppy imperial stout kettle Kolsch Kostritz Kulmbach label lambic malt malt character malty mash maturation micro microbrewery Munich North original palate pale percent alcohol perhaps Pilsner Plato porter produced region restaurant roasted sahti sauce served slightly soft specialty spicy Strasse Street style of beer sugar sweet sweetish tablespoons tart taste tavern tion toffeeish top-fermenting town traditional units of bitterness vessels volume West Flanders wheat beer yeast

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Scott Wasson at Tech Report has scored some great details on the ATI monster of a GPU that will power the Xbox 360. He was fortunate enough to have a sit-down with Bob Feldstein, ATI's VP of Engineering, where he got him to talk at length about the new processor. I'm not going to summarize the article here, because you should read it yourself, but there is one part that I thought was fascinating:
The GPU won't be using system memory itself quite as much as one might expect, because it packs 10MB of embedded DRAM right on the package. In fact, the Xbox 360 GPU is really a two-die design, with two chips in a single package on a single substrate. The parent die contains the GPU and memory controller, while the daughter die consists of the 10MB of eDRAM and some additional logic. There's a high-speed 2GHz link between the parent and daughter dies, and Feldstein noted that future revisions of the GPU might incorporate both dies on a single piece of silicon for cost savings.
The really fascinating thing here is the design of that daughter die. Feldstein called it a continuation of the traditional graphics pipeline into memory. Basically, there's a 10MB pool of embedded DRAM, designed by NEC, in the center of the die. Around the outside is a ring of logic designed by ATI. This logic is made up of 192 component processors capable of doing the basic math necessary for multisampled antialiasing. If I have it right, the component processors should be able to process 32 pixels at once by operating on six components per pixel: red, green, blue, alpha, stencil, and depth. This logic can do the resolve pass for multisample antialiasing right there on the eDRAM die, giving the Xbox 360 the ability to do 4X antialiasing on a high-definition (1280x768) image essentially for "free"-i.e., with no appreciable performance penalty. The eDRAM holds the contents of all of the back buffers, does the resolve, and hands off the resulting image into main system memory for scan-out to the display.
Yet another detail of the leaked Xbox 360 diagram is confirmed. If you look at the image, you'll see that the 10MB eDRAM block has a label on it that says, "Alpha - Z/Stencil - MSAA." MSAA stands for "multi-sample anti-aliasing," which is a technique that ATI uses for a AA in their Catalyst drivers. So the diagram shows that the eDRAM chip itself is much more than just passive storage; it actually contains logic that performs anti-aliasing on the image data that's buffered in it, which means "free" anti-aliasing at 720p.
There was some speculation about this feature of the chip, based on some Xbox 360 related patents, at the Beyond3D forums a few months ago, and that speculation has now been confirmed.


text:
Advanced Search
Information Technology | News
Blackboard has extended its reach into the IT support business. This week the company announced that it had acquired Perceptis, which provides help desk and other services to colleges and universities. The terms of the deal between these two privately held firms were not made public.
Although Perceptis also provides financial aid services for several institutions, it has built its reputation on its tech support offerings, delivered by phone, Web chat and email. Customers have included Arizona State University, the University of Virginia and the Colorado Community College System, among others.
Perceptis maintains its headquarters and a call center in Greenville, SC and a call center in Phoenix. According to Katie Blot, head of Blackboard's Education Services, the acquisition doubles the number of service centers maintained by her company in the United States. "Institutions need help with delivering on the high expectations of students by continuously improving academic and administrative services," she wrote in an email. "Our investment in these operations centers are specifically aligned to address that need."
Blot added that the centers are becoming part of her division's operations. However, for the "foreseeable future," the Perceptis leadership team will remain intact.
This purchase isn't the first Blackboard has done to build its services business; in 2011 it acquired Presidium, another education service provider. The subsequent launch of Blackboard Student Services allowed the organization to infiltrate multiple campus departments, including financial aid, marketing and recruitment, registration and student support and retention. It also provides IT and helpdesk support for learning management systems — its own and others — and other desktop applications and technologies.
One of those helpdesk customers is the Kentucky Community & Technical College System. In 2011 the system announced that it would contract with the services arm of Blackboard to support its numerous colleges and campuses. "Over the past three years, Blackboard has helped us provide exceptional services and support that has positively impacted the success of our students' college experience," said Vice President Gloria McCall. "The acquisition of Perceptis demonstrates Blackboard's commitment to being first in class for 24/7/365 virtual services."
The acquisition of Perceptis is the company's "way of showing our dedication to growing this division," said Blot. "We continue to invest because we believe there is a huge opportunity…to add value to the student experience as they move through their education pathways. Our goal is to simplify the student experience and make it easy, enjoyable and, ultimately, successful. This combination also emphasizes that we can blend the right technologies, resources and services to meet the unique needs of our customers, regardless of their LMS and technology choice."
About the Author
Dian Schaffhauser is a senior contributing editor for 1105 Media's education publications THE Journal and Campus Technology. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or on Twitter @schaffhauser.
View More Webcasts
View More Whitepapers
Sign up for our newsletter.
I agree to this site's Privacy Policy.


text:
RK1979 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 43 designs submitted by 18 freelance designers.
Cheaper to Own than to Rent
Our company buys properties in bulk from the bank and sells them to qualified owners with seller financing and we price the contract so that it becomes cheaper for them to own than to rent a similar property in the area.
People looking to buy a home who cannot qualify for a traditional mortgage
Lower Income families
Families looking to fulfill the dream of homeownership
Feel free to experiment with colors. Given the description, what colors do you think will work?
We want to give visualize that this is something that makes sense for the homeowner. Another idea the homeowner had was the home being given in a hand - not that its a gift - but conveying the social responsibility that our company is fulfilling and that they are getting a good deal with this. This is just an idea - be creative in how you think this vision would be fulfilled.
Please no stock art or copy righted images.
I am attaching a snapshot of the theme I will be using for the site (don't pay attention to the colors): Where it says juxta on the left, I foresee our logo or just our name written, and where the picture of the lady is I see the big version of the image representing our logo (a creative for sale sign with the for rent sign removed or something like that) and the bottom can be grass. This is just an idea. If you have any ideas, please work with those. This is just a layout - I am mainly interested in the image representing our logo and our slogan ("Cheaper to Own than to Rent")
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
An elementary-only independent school located in Atlanta, serving children ages three through Sixth Grade since 1951.
List of 2 news stories.
Your Child is Known: My Learning
Why an Elementary-Only School?
At a Glance
Mission, Pillars, & History
Faculty and Staff
Our Diverse Community
Directions to School
List of 2 news stories.
See Trinity School's Curriculum Guide
Learn More about Trinity in our Online Viewbook
Start Your Journey
Tuition and Financial Assistance
Admissions Team
Middle School Placement
College Matriculation
List of 2 news stories.
A Workshop Approach to Reading and Writing
Mathematizing Children's Literature for Deep Learning
Curriculum Guide
Learning at Trinity
Early Elementary Division
Upper Elementary Division
The Learning Team
Teacher Features
Campus Life
Campus Life
List of 2 news stories.
Summer at Trinity
Trinity's Robust After-School Program
Summer Camp
Extended Programs
Service Learning
Parent Involvement
The Overend Learning Commons
Sustainability at Trinity
Trinity Television (TTV)
List of 2 news stories.
The Allison and Josephine Williams Legacy Society
A Message from Kelley and Jamie Gilbert, 2018-19 Parent Fund Chairs
Give Online
Support Trinity
The Trinity Fund
Endowment Funds
Spotlight on Art
Give Online
Planned Giving
Georgia Tax Credit Program
Advancement Team
List of 2 news stories.
Alum's Passion Leads to the NBA
Catching Up with Ross Baird '97
Keep in Touch!
Welcome Back!
Alumni Association
Alumni News & Events
Keep in Touch!
Spotlight on Art Home
Spotlight on Art Home
Why an Elementary-Only School?
During my 36 years in education, I have taught in schools with different grade configurations, including K–12 and preschool–8. Since joining the Trinity community three years ago, I am frequently asked: "Why an elementary school?" I chose Trinity School specifically because of its steadfast dedication to providing an elementary-only education to children ages three through Sixth Grade.
I strongly believe in separating the three traditional divisions of school—elementary, middle, and high. I've taught in all three and know firsthand that students of different ages have particular needs—in terms of learning spaces, daily schedules, teachers, and more—that require unique attention in order to optimize growth and success. When schools contain more than one of these divisions, it's inevitable that one of them, usually the one with older students, receives more emphasis and resources. I distinctly remember from my time at another school how disappointed my Eighth Grade boys basketball team was when our scheduled middle school practice was canceled for the varsity team that needed "additional practice before a big game." Trinity's focus on one division means that every student, in every grade level, is given equal value and support.
From a research perspective, early development of healthy habits and skills is essential to subsequent success and happiness in school and life. A recent study found that three key practices and skills support future school success. One is the importance of a strong academic foundation. This includes proficiency in literacy and numeracy and exposure to experiences and content knowledge in other disciplines, such as science and art. Over the past 20 years, there has been much research into how children learn and how to make content knowledge "stick," meaning it is well stored and easily retrieved from long-term memory. While today's digital age provides easy access to factual knowledge, "new learning" is built upon prior knowledge and understanding.
Another important skill is the ability to focus and attend to a particular task. Experienced teachers know that self-control in students is as important as cognitive ability for academic success. The final key practice encompasses the development of positive peer relationships and the ability to work with others collaboratively and cooperatively. Additionally, other studies show how important elementary school years are in developing students' intrinsic motivation, another important factor in determining future success and happiness. Extrinsic strategies like rewards and incentives may work in the moment but do not motivate children—or adults—in the long run.
Research confirms what Trinity has always believed: a learning environment designed around the unique needs and interests of young learners gives students the best opportunity for future success and happiness. As an elementary school, we focus on preparing our students for the future while also savoring the wonder, magic, and innocence of childhood. We design and provide learning experiences that build upon children's natural curiosity and allow for exploration, including play-based discovery for our youngest students. We maintain a culture that has the ideal balance of challenge, nurture, structure, and choice. One that fosters belonging, acceptance, and community; emphasizes achievement and progress through hard work and effort; and stimulates, inspires, and engages young minds and attitudes.
When I taught middle and high school students, I learned the importance of their formative years in elementary school. Since Trinity's founding in 1951, we have been committed to an education that builds strong academic and character foundations in our students and encourages continued excitement and engagement in learning. Through Trinity's guidance and influence, our graduates flourish not only during their secondary school years, but also throughout their lifetime!
Joseph P. Marshall
Head of School
Get In Touch
© 2017 Trinity School. All Rights Reserved
Privacy Policy
4301 Northside Parkway NW, Atlanta, GA 30327
Phone: 404-231-8100 | Fax: 404-231-8111


text:
As kids learn about numbers, they need a lot of experiences simply counting objects. One, two, three. There are three cups. One, two. There are two cookies. These counting experiences will help them develop an understanding that we represent a certain quantity of objects with a specific name. We call these names numbers.
When kids are comfortable counting objects less than 10, they are ready to begin learning how to represent these numbers with symbols. We call these symbols numerals. Below are several fun activities to do with your child(ren) that will help them learn to write numerals. And don't worry too much at this age if your child reverses his numbers. This is normal for a lot of kids and through practice and time, he will eventually learn how to write them the "correct" way.
(photo) Salt Trays: Fill a shirt box or cookie sheet with just enough salt to cover the bottom of the box or sheet. With her finger, have your child practice writing different numerals in the salt. Write each numeral on a piece of paper for your child to use as a reference. After writing a numeral, gently shake the box or sheet and try a new one. And to make their numbers really sparkle, add glitter to the salt. This activity is great for letter writing practice, as well.
Extension: Have your child practice writing the numbers that are meaningful to her such as her age, house/apartment number, phone number, etc.
(photo) Edible Playdough: Here's a yummy way to have kids practice making numerals. Edible playdough! This no-bake recipe has the consistency of play dough and is easy for kids to make since each ingredient requires the same measurement. Once the dough is made, kids roll it into a long "snake" then shape their snake into different numerals. Use waxed paper over large numerals to make it easy for kids to shape their dough. When they're done making numerals, they can eat their work!
Edible Playdough Recipe (makes enough for 2 – 3 kids)
¼ c. peanut butter
¼ c. powdered milk
¼ c. powdered sugar
¼ c. Karo light syrup
Add small amounts of dry ingredients if the mixture is too sticky.
For a healthier recipe replace the powdered sugar with wheat germ and the syrup with 1/8 c. honey.
Variation: Of course, it's fun to bake with kids, too. So instead of the no-bake playdough, make numeral cookies with regular cookie dough. Add ½ cup of flour to the mix to make it easier to roll out into numerals then bake and...eat!
And, if you prefer to have your child use non-edible playdough to practice their numerals, there are many recipes online. Simply type 'playdough' into your browser
(photo) Shaving Cream in the Bathtub: Bath time has never been so much fun! Using paintbrushes and shaving cream, kids practice writing their numerals on the wall! Color the shaving cream with a few drops of food coloring for even more fun. Note: If your tub walls have grout lines, it is recommended that you do not add food coloring to the shaving cream as there is a chance it will stain the grout lines.
Additional Ideas:
- Write different numerals on each other's back. The person who's back is being "written" on tries to guess the numeral.
- To keep kids busy in the car, look for numbers as you're driving. To help kids learn to sequence numbers, go in order starting with the number '1'.
- Numeral writing app for the iPad/iPhone: ABC 123 Writing Practice - Kids get practice tracing numerals (and alphabet letters). The best part is this app is FREE.
Karyn Hodgens, Elementary Mathematics Specialist
Karyn is co-founder of Math Unity LLC, an educational company specializing in elementary mathematics. She has a BA in Child Development, a Masters of Arts in Education with a Specialization in Elementary Mathematics and a multiple subjects teaching credential. Her passion is designing real-world lessons that resonate with kids and their interests. Karyn is the creator of Nifty Numbers, Math Medley, Gellin' with Geometry and Play and Take Family Math Night kits. These kits were designed to build strong family-school partnerships and get parents involved in fun and engaging math activities with their children. To find out more, visit www.FamilyMathNight.com


text:
A Pennsylvania PR executive opened up his June email statement from PayPal to discover...he was the richest man in the world, according to a report from CNN. His account balance read $92,233,720,368,547,800.
But it was fleeting. PayPal corrected the error by the time he logged in. But it did offer to make a charity donation on his behalf to make up for the confusion. CNN has the full story here.


text:
Carlos Ghosn's 7.6 million euro ($10 million) annual salary to head Nissan will likely further upset French unions and government officials who are already angry about the 2.47 million euros he got last year for running Renault.
Industry Minister Arnaud Montebourg and union officials have described Ghosn's Renault salary as excessive, especially since Renault has implemented a wage freeze in France and is reducing its work force in the country.
Ghosn agreed to postpone 30 percent of his variable 2012 Renault bonus until 2016 during negotiations with CGT union officials earlier this year. CGT representative Ali Kayak, however, told radio station France Info that the gesture was an affront to French workers, who calculated that Ghosn's combined 2012 salary would still total more than 27,500 euros a day. In solidarity-minded France, that is widely seen as obscenely high.
Now French media are touting Ghosn as the "best-paid CEO in Japan" following the announcement he made 988 million yen from Nissan for the fiscal year that ended March 31. By comparison, Toyota boss Akio Toyoda was paid 184 million yen and Honda CEO Takanobu Ito received 145 million yen for the same time period, according to media reports.
Since Ghosn's Nissan salary could raise some eyebrows in France, it's likely he will face even more scrutiny from unions and politicians here over his annual pay at Renault in the future.


text:
Blog of Dr. Miland Brown that features different aspects of world history. Not everything can be covered but sites dealing with any historical issue or topic are possible future posts. Also includes sites which discuss teaching history. Dr. Brown is an academic in North America.
Sunday, March 12, 2006
History of Polygamy in Utah
This post is inspired by the debut of the TV show Big Love on HBO in the United States. It is expected that this show will bring about renewed conversations on polygamy and more stereotyping of Mormons.
I think it is important to remember that polygamy is not a Mormon invention. It is an ancient practice endorsed by many historical societies. Further, it is still common in the world today with Islam allowing men four wives. Hence, the historical study or current debate about polygamy should not focus exclusively on ex-communicated Mormon groups or on Utah.
Studying the historical basis of polygamy also should not get caught up in the message of anti-polygamy or pro-polygamy groups that exist in the modern time. Polygamy is not about child abuse or marrying underage girls even if these abuses have occured anymore than monogamy is about child abuse even though some monogamists have abused children. I think anyone trying to study polygamy from a scholarly perspective is going to have a tough time getting through modern rhetoric.
From the site:
When establishing the LDS Church, Joseph Smith recorded numerous revelations he claimed to receive, often in answer to questions about the Bible, which are now included in the Doctrine and Covenants, part of the LDS canon. In answer to his question as to why many of the Old Testament leaders had more than one wife, Smith received what is now known as Section 132. Although the revelation was not recorded until 1843, Smith may have received it in the 1830s and married his first plural wife, Fanny Alger, in 1835. Polygamy was not openly practiced in the Mormon Church until 1852 when Orson Pratt, an apostle, made a public speech defending it as a tenet of the church. From 1852 until 1890, Mormon Church leaders preached and encouraged members, especially those in leadership positions, to marry additional wives.
A majority of the Latter-day Saints never lived the principle. The number of families involved varied by community; for example, 30 percent in St. George in 1870 and 40 percent in 1880 practiced polygamy, while only 5 percent in South Weber practiced the principle in 1880. Rather than the harems often suggested in non-Mormon sources, most Mormon husbands married only two wives. The wives usually lived in separate homes and had direct responsibility for their children. Where the wives lived near each other, the husbands usually visited each wife on a daily or weekly basis. While there were the expected troubles between wives and families, polygamy was usually not the only cause, although it certainly could cause greater tension. Since polygamy was openly practiced for only a short time by Mormons, there were no established rules about how family members should relate to each other. Instead, each family adapted to their particular circumstances.
Reactions from outside the church to statements about polygamy were immediate and negative. In 1854 the Republican party termed polygamy and slavery the "twin relics of barbarism." In 1862 the United States Congress passed the Morrill Act, which prohibited plural marriage in the territories, disincorporated the Mormon Church, and restricted the church's ownership of property. The nation was in the midst of the Civil War, however, and the law was not enforced. In 1867 the Utah Territorial Legislature asked Congress to repeal the Morrill Act. Instead of doing that, the House Judiciary Committee asked why the law was not being enforced, and the Cullom Bill, an attempt to strengthen the Morrill Act, was introduced. Although it did not pass, most of its provisions later became law. Out of a number of other bills introduced during the 1870s against polygamy, only the Poland Act passed, in 1874. It gave district courts all civil and criminal jurisdiction and limited the probate courts to matters of estate settlement, guardianship, and divorce.
3 comments:
- Maggie said...
Can you please explain to me the basis for the belief in polygamy by a few early Mormons and what "Section 132" states. I am familiar with other cultures and their basis for belief, but I don't understand the early Mormon belief. Thank you for your help.
- Miland said...
I am not Mormon and I am not familiar with all the specifics but a search on Google reveals that this is from Doctrines & Covenants (a Mormon holy book) Section 132 which can be found at http://www.lds-mormon.com/132.shtml. It starts, "Revelation through Joseph Smith, Nauvoo, Illinois, recorded on July 12, 1843."
- gilagrump said...
Polygamy in various forms is of ancient origin, usually based on economic or demographic factors. Ancient polygamy was generally a true marriage with mutual obligations and rights. Joseph Smith's polygamy, however, differed in that (a) it was religiously motivated, and (b) his plural wives (after Emma) had no conjugal or property rights or rights of economic support. Some of his wives were already married and lived with their husbands.


text:
McGUIRE'S MUSINGS: Don't be fooled: The Mouse is in Control
This little break from winter that we received last week made me think of one of my favorite times of year — summer!
Yeah, you remember it, sunshine, blue skies, warm temperatures and air conditioning.
Last week's warmer weather gave me a reminder that my lawnmower that I purchased for $15 eight years ago died at the end of the mowing season, which prevented me from mulching my leaves in the fall.
And that we finally disposed of our 30-year-old window air conditioner.
Air conditioners have changed over the years.
Our older air conditioner must weigh a million pounds (no exaggeration), while the new one must weigh three pounds and comes with a remote.
The only problem was, I couldn't pick up ESPN on it.
Someday, we'll probably do everything from our cellphones or tablets, even use them as air conditioners.
This past year, my wife, Linda, decided that we should take a family vacation to Disney World in Orlando, Fla., since our sons, Joe and Mike, were in the third and second grade the first time we went.
Following a family meeting, we agreed that we could do this and went with the entire Disney package, including staying at Pop Century, a Disney resort.
Thanks to my wife, this was the most organized vacation I had ever been on, with almost everything paid for in advance.
Basically, we turned our lives over to the mouse 24/7 for an entire week.
We ate the Disney breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks.
We watched Disney-approved television and, for a change of pace, we would head to downtown Disney for more Disney-approved dining, entertainment and souvenirs.
There are no other stores to shop at — when we needed Band-Aids, we were permitted to purchase a small box for a mere $7.
One day, I witnessed a malcontent who went to the resort desk in the lobby at Pop Century and asked how his family could go about visiting a competing amusement park, Universal Studios.
That person was never heard from again.
There are advantages to staying at the Disney resorts, as there are some privileges at what is called "Disney After Dark," when only people with a resort key card are permitted to ride the rides.
The one night, we rode the Space Mountain indoor roller coaster no less than 10 times in a row and never had to stand in line once.
It actually took more time to walk through the cattle stalls than to ride the ride itself.
We were able to ride the rides so quickly with the resort key that it almost became anti-climactic at times.
The main transportation mode is the Disney Bus System, which transports you from your hotel right up to the gate at the park you are intending to visit.
However, there is a downside. You get to hear the same recorded message that welcomes the passengers aboard with the same music playing morning, noon and night every single time.
Despite these minor annoyances, it's certainly much easier to take your entire vacation and place it into the hands of the mouse.
Now, on another note, this was my sixth visit to the sunny state of Florida without seeing one alligator.
If you watch the television show "Gator Boys" on Animal Planet, the guys who rescue the nuisance alligators — as if there's another kind — give you the impression that the state is overrun by "gators," but I've yet to see a single one in my visits there.
We did take time out from Disney to visit Linda's sister Wendy, who lives on a lake and has a boat and took us tubing.
Despite not having seen a single gator, I asked if there were any in that lake, and I received an ambiguous answer which convinced me that I wasn't participating in any tubing.
Wendy did say we should stay away from the lily pads.
Good enough for me; you won't see this kid going tubing in what could very well be an alligator-infested lake, unless I have the Gator Boys on speed dial.
If you've ever watched the program, the head Gator Boy, Paul Beddard, will dive into your pond or lake to rescue a nuisance gator, which is usually buried deep in the muck.
Meanwhile, his partner Jimmy Riffle stands on shore looking concerned about Beddard, who is trying to fasten a noose around an alligator in very dark and murky water while attempting to wrestle it to shore.
And you think your job is dangerous!
Despite the fact that, once again, I was gatorless, it was still a wonderful time, and the temperature hovered in the 90s.
It's nice to have these wonderful summertime memories to fall back on during these cold days of winter.
By the way, it was easier taking the guys to Disney when they are in their 20s than it was when they were in elementary school.
Well, I've got to run.
For some reason, I have this overwhelming desire to go watch the Disney Channel, to be followed by another episode of "Gator Boys."
Larry McGuire is a news reporter for The Punxsutawney Spirit.


text:
Greater Grand Theft CyprusWritten by Stephen Lendman Subject: Philosophy: Fascism
by Stephen Lendman
Hit 'em again harder is policy. Cyprus is Exhibit A. It's pound of flesh demanded got greater. "Could it possibly get any worse," headlined Cyprus Mail?"
Weeks after agreeing to Eurocrat terms, six billion more euros are demanded. A leaked European Commission "Assessment of the public debt sustainability of Cyprus" report revealed it.
At issue are "needs for the recapitalization of the banking sector, the redemption of maturing medium and longterm debt, including loans and fiscal needs," it said.
Another 600 million euros will be raised through higher corporate taxes. Gold reserves sales may raise another 400 million. Eurocrats demand they be sold. Their public debt sustainability report mandates it. Clause 29 states:
"Sale of excess gold reserves: The Cypriot authorities have committed to sell the excess amount of gold reserves owned by the Republic. This is estimated to generate one-off revenues to the state of 400 (million euros) via an extraordinary payout of central bank profits."
Privatizations and privately held debt rollovers will raise more cash. How much remains to be seen.
Cypriots are learning the hard way. Eurozone straightjacket rules entrap them. One size fits all doesn't work. Losing control of monetary and fiscal policy assures disaster. It's just a matter of time. It's hitting Cypriots full-force.
The original 17 billion bailout rose to 23 billion. It exceeds economic output. It's unheard of. According to Eurasia Group group director Mujtaba Rahman:
"There are absolutely no winners from the Cyprus agreement. Every major country and institutional constituency has been hurt, creating the potential for even more toxic and difficult" conditions ahead.
Cypriot officials have to raise more cash than expected. Eurocrats agreed to a nine billion euro bailout. IMF terms add another billion.
Cyprus has to raise 13 billion. It's over double the original amount. Depositors will bear most of the burden. They're already hit hard. Those with over 100,000 euros stand to lose 60% or more of their savings. Some may lose everything.
Small depositors are protected. At least they are so far. Perhaps not going forward. Accounts of all sizes are vulnerable. Bailout terms override promises. They're made and broken.
London's Guardian explained more. Cyprus has to contribute to its own bailout. It's entirely responsible for bearing the extra cost.
Cypriot parliament's president, Yannakis Omirou, said:
"Instead of solidarity from our European partners, we have been served poison."
It's more than originally agreed. Expect more demands ahead. It usually happens. Black holes get deeper. Ordinary people suffer most.
Cyprus faces protracted Depression. Depositor accounts are being looted. Bail-in terms demand it. Expect pound of flesh amounts to increase. They may do exponentially. Nothing too extreme is off the table.
"We will resist," said main opposition Akel party spokesman Giorgos Doulouka. "Every alternative scenario for the exit of our country from the troika and the memorandum now has to be studied."
"They are eating us alive. What Greece suffered in three years, Cyprus is experiencing in a matter of weeks. All the extra measures that the government will now have to take will be at the expense of ordinary people. It is outrageous."
According to Capital Economics' Johathan Loynes:
"They don't know where there might be more black holes: I wouldn't be that surprised if there were to be another shock in the next week or so."
Optimistic economic projections are ludicrous. BNY chief currency strategist Simon Derrick said:
"Why would confidence return and make people want to put money into Cyprus? The economy is three things - banking, property and tourism."
"You're not going to rebuild an offshore banking industry in Cyprus; and in tourism it's competing against Turkey, where the currency is down 50% since mid-2005."
On April 15, Cyprus Mail editors headlined "Bailout is turning into a bottomless pit," saying:
"(J)ust when you thought it could not get any worse," it did. "It's becoming increasingly hard for anyone to figure out what the real facts are other than the certainty that we are in a worse mess than anyone could possibly have imagined."
"It is probably too much to ask that the 'government of change' come clean and tell the people who have been robbed of their money, jobs, and standard of living what is really going on, how much money is really needed, and how this will affect their lives."
President Nicos Anastasiade says don't worry. Everything will be all right. He's "delusional." He's "lying through his teeth."
People are sick and tired of political rhetoric. They're living "on a cloud of natural gas." They suffocating. They may end up "donat(ing a kidney." They've got "nothing else left to give."
London-based fund manager Pawel Morski calls Cyprus' situation "a brutal lesson in realpolitik." Expect it economic black hole to deepen.
A stroke of the pen shrunk its banking sector. It did so "by a deft combination of taking people's money and stripping the Greek operations (120% of Cypriot GDP) out and selling them to Pireaus."
"Given that the Greek operations were to a significant degree responsible for the disastrous GGB trades that wiped out the banks, and given that Pireaus stock rallied sharply afterwards, the Cypriots find themselves in the position of the Blackadder character who not only had a relative murdered, but had to pay to have the blood washed out of the murderer's shirt."
Naked Capitalism's Yves Smith believes uninsured Laiki Bank and Bank of Cyprus depositors will lose everything. Perhaps insured ones come next.
Bail-ins are the new normal. Bank accounts are low-hanging fruit. They're easy pickings. Expect Eurocrats and their Western counterparts to take full advantage.
Financial wars take no prisoners. Ordinary people are easy prey. They're ripe targets. Force-fed austerity harms them. Perhaps looting their bank accounts come next.
A Final Comment
Bad solutions substitute for good ones. Troubled Eurozone countries prove doing the wrong thing assures disaster.
Greece teeters on collapse. Its unemployment hit a fresh high. It tops 27%. Youth unemployment approaches 60%. Its agony reflects what's spreading.
In December 2001, troubled Argentina abandoned politico-economic orthodoxy. It defied its creditors. It addressed its duress responsibly. It halted all debt payments. Domestic and foreign creditors were affected.
An earlier IMF loan made things worse, not better. Nearly $100 billion in debt was restructured. It was completed in 2005. It was done on a take it or leave it basis.
Bondholders took stiff haircuts. Most agreed. They decided something was better than nothing. In 2010, most holdouts capitulated. They did so on similar terms.
Sustained economic growth followed. So did currency stabilization. Jobs were created. Unemployment fell. Exports increased. Investors returned. IMF debt was repaid. Debt restructuring and a devalued currency helped. Doing the right thing matters most.
Troubled Eurozone countries can relieve their debt burdens the same way. Doing so lets them reclaim their sovereignty. They'll be able to reissue their own currencies. They never should have abandoned them in the first place. It's not too late to go back.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago. He can be reached at email@example.com.
His new book is titled "Banker Occupation: Waging Financial War on Humanity."
Visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com.
Listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network.
It airs Fridays at 10AM US Central time and Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.


text:
A rebound in the stock market on hopes of a deal in the U.S. and political turmoil in Libya is reversing the recent negative action in the markets. It seems that just when you think the political risk in oil has calmed down it comes back once again. Oil (NYMEX:CLX13) is holding key support as it seems that this market just does not want to fall below the $100 a barrel area, just yet.
Oil got hit hard after the EIA inventories showed a big surge in supply, yet rallied on hopes that a short term deal on the debt ceiling can be reached. Overnight a report that Libyan Prime Minister Ali Zidan was abducted caused a spike in oil yet now it is being reported that he has been freed.
Oil production is falling in OPEC led by Iraq as the cartel is warning of waning demand in Asia. That may be offsetting what was a bearish stocks report. The EIA reported that crude stocks increased by 6.81 million barrels. A 3% drop in refinery runs helped top off the storage tanks. We also saw a big drop in distillate stocks as farmers get harvest underway.
Gas fell and Bloomberg reports Valero Energy Corp.'s Port Arthur, Texas, refinery is running the larger of two crude units and the coker at reduced rates because of repairs at a wet-gas compressor, two people familiar with plant operations said. Work on the compressor, which converts vapors to liquids, may take up to several weeks, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the information isn't public. The approximately 250,000-barrel-a-day crude unit, known as AVU-146, and the coker will remain at lower rates during the repairs, one of the people said.
Valero reported flaring of wet gas during surges at its K-2300 wet-gas compressor at Port Arthur on Oct. 6, according to an emissions notice with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Bill Day, a spokesman for Valero in San Antonio, said in an e-mail today that the issue with the compressor didn't materially affect production. The Port Arthur refinery has a capacity of 310,000 barrels a day, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Natural gas continues to rally as it seems that demand is a lot stronger than anticipated. Hot and cold weather, take your pick, and huge flows of gas going to Mexico is providing support. The Energy Information Agency is reporting that the growth in natural gas production from the Marcellus region of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Ohio have lowered the spot price of natural gas at the TCO Appalachia trading point in recent years. Forward market prices for natural gas indicate that this production growth will continue, driving the price in this region below the benchmark Henry Hub price early next year.


text:
The Route
Sponsors & Sponsorship
Welcome to the Walking the States website!
Normal Service
Only here can you follow the travels of Stuart Hamilton and Dave Toolan (us) as we attempt to cross the USA on foot. In 2006 we walked 2000 miles from Lewes in Delaware to Kansas City in Missouri. Now, starting in May 2007, we will rejoin the American Discovery Trail in Kansas City and trek west to Point Reyes in California - a distance of over 3000 miles.
You can find out more about why we are doing this in the Concept , FAQ and Project sections of the website, and you will be able to follow all of our preparations (and eventually our journey itself) in the regularly updated Journal section. Once the walk starts you will be able to see exactly where we are with the help of the (now working!) Route page and you can bring the whole funky scene to life by checking out the Gallery. If you want to praise us or insult us you can leave a message in the Guestbook, or if you want to indulge in a longer dialogue you can email either of us through the details in the Contact section.
A Good Cause
At the end of the journey in 2006 Stuart was diagnosed with testicular cancer which was a pain. Since then he's recovered and been put on a surveillance program. This means that he has to get monthly blood tests and bi-monthly chest x-rays done during the next stage of the walk in the US. Extremely kind donors have generously provided funds to cover these tests and in response we are trying to raise a little money to put something back. During the first phase of the walk we raised money for the British Heart Foundation and now we have decided to raise money for the Association for International Cancer Research . This noble organisation raises money for cancer research on both sides of the Atlantic and, because cancer will affect one in three of us during our lifetimes, it is a great cause to support. For more information on helping us raise money by sponsoring us, please visit the Sponsors link on the left hand side. Go on, you know you want to
So that's about it for an introduction. Come on in, take a look around! Please sign the Guestbook many important people have already done so and we hope you will follow in their (groundbreaking and fundraising) footsteps. Please revisit regularly, as there will inevitably be much foolishness to read about...
PS: None of this would have been possible without the very generous help of our equipment sponsors below Many many thanks to you all!
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com | Phone: (00 1) 301 538 0308


text:
5:00 pm
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "The Dogvinci Code" Ruff's Uncle MacRuffmantosh is back, and there's no time to waste - a new mystery must be solved and the FETCHers are on the case!. D
5:30 pm
Nightly Business Report Tonight on Nightly Business Report, stocks soar on deal news here at home and signs of economic stability overseas. Plus, Congress is back at work and lawmakers have some key decisions to make on everything from Syria to the budget to your money. D
5:56 pm
NewsHour Promo NULL
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
7:00 pm
Antiques Roadshow "Wichita, KS - Hour Two" Host Mark L. Walberg learns about the Wichita-based Coleman Company and the appeal of its iconic recreational and military lanterns and stoves. A lucky collector finds her set of 1914 and 1915 Cracker Jack baseball cards is estimated to be worth up to $40,000.G
8:00 pm
Charlie Rose Special Edition: Bashar al-Assad Charlie Rose has recorded an interview in Damascus with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. In the interview, airing one night before President Obama is scheduled to address the nation on his plans to respond to the situation in Syria, Rose asks Assad about the use of chemical weapons in his country. D
9:00 pm
Globe Trekker "Around The World: Across America: Route 66 & Beyond" Justine Shapiro kicks off the journey with a road trip west across the United States. Starting in Washington, D.C., she follows the Blue Ridge Parkway to Nashville and Memphis, birth places of American country and soul musical styles. She rambles through Arkansas and then hits Route 66 from Oklahoma into Arizona.G
10:00 pm
POV "Ping Pong" Eight players with 703 years among them compete in the Over 80 World Table Tennis Championships in China's Inner Mongolia. British players Terry, 81, who has been given a week to live, and Les, 91, a weightlifter and poet, are going for the gold. Inge, 89, from Germany, has used table tennis to paddle her way out of dementia.G
11:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL


text:
"A man named 'Mueller' put on the first trained-flea circus in America at the old Stone and Austin museum in Boston nearly forty years ago. Another German named 'Auvershleg' had the first traveling flea circus in this country thirty years ago. In addition to fairs and museums, I get as high as $25 for a private exhibition." ["Professor" William Heckler, quoted in "Popular Mechanics," February 1928. Printed at the top of his programs were "Every action is visible to the naked eye" and "No danger of desertion."]
Whan we sat by ye Flesh pottes, and had bred ynough to eate. [Coverdale translation, 1535]


text:
Angelina P. "Angie" Hyland, of Smyrna, passed away on Wednesday January 16, 2013 at Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover. She was 82.
She was born in Perth Amboy, NJ on August 25, 1930, the daughter of the late Angelina Jetko Humenay. She was employed from 1965 to 1990 when she retired as head baker for the Smyrna School District.
Angie loved to be with her family and had many friends. She enjoyed sewing, cooking and baking, and crocheting and knitting. Together with her husband, Angie especially loved to travel and camp in their motor home. Over the years, Frank and Angie traveled throughout the United States and Canada. After retirement, they often visited the American Southwest, one of Angie's favorite destinations.
In addition to her mother, she was preceded in death by a brother, Theodore Jetko.
She is survived by her husband of 59 years, Francis J. Hyland; a sister, Cecelia McMahon and her husband Andrew; and a niece Denise Meehan and her husband William.
Mass of Christian Burial will be offered at 1 p.m. Monday, January 21 at St. Polycarp Catholic Church, Ransom Lane and South St., Smyrna. Friends may call Sunday evening from 7 to 9 p.m., at Matthews-Bryson Funeral Home, 123 W. Commerce St., Smyrna. Burial will be in Odd Fellows Cemetery, Smyrna.
In lieu of flowers, contributions may be sent to the American Cancer Society, 92 Reads Way, New Castle, DE 19720.
To send a condolence, visit www.matthewsbryson.com
Arrangements are by Matthews-Bryson Funeral Home and Cremation Services, Smyrna.


text:
Chemical Hygiene Plan
|Chemical Hygiene Plan
|Campus Environment
|Health, Safety and Welfare
2010, Chemical Hygiene Plan Placed in University Policy Manual after EXPEDITED REVIEW, transitioned without substantive change from prior version, March 25, 2013.
Health Sciences Coordinator, 252-328-6166 Assistant Director, 252-328-6166 Associate Vice Chancellor, 252-328-6166
|Related Policies
|Additional References
1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose
1.1.1 The purpose of this regulation is to provide a plan for East Carolina University to protect the health and safety of its laboratory users through compliance with applicable local, state and federal regulations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, on January 31, 1990 to provide guidelines for the safe use of chemicals in laboratories (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450 , http://www.jmu.edu/pubsafety/safetyplan.shtml).
1.2. Application
1.2.1 This standard* applies in locations where "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals occurs. Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals means handling or use of chemicals in which all of the following conditions are met:
126.96.36.199 Handling or use of chemicals occurs on a "laboratory scale" (work involves containers which can easily and safely be manipulated by one person);
18.104.22.168 Multiple chemicals or chemical procedures are used;
126.96.36.199 Procedures are not part of a production process or process simulation;
126.96.36.199 Protective laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use to minimize the potential for employee exposures to hazardous chemicals.
*Note: This standard does not apply where the use of hazardous chemicals provides no potential for employee exposure, such as in procedures using chemically impregnated test media and commercially prepared test kits
1.2.2. The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is intended to provide the necessary framework for compliance with the OSHA Lab Standard.
1.2.3. While non-paid laboratory users and students are not covered by this plan, University policy requires supervisors to share its content and promote compliance with the standard operating procedures.
2 Responsibilities
2.1. ECU Chancellor, Vice Chancellors, Deans and Department Heads
2.1.1 Establish laboratory safety as an institutional priority;
2.1.2. Provide adequate financial and unbiased support for chemical hygiene at ECU;
2.1.3. Include laboratory safety, chemical storage and disposal considerations in long-range facilities planning.
2.2. Environmental Safety Committee:
2.2.1. Review the Chemical Hygiene Plan not less than every 3 years;
2.2.2. Support Environmental Health and Safety implementation of laboratory safety policy;
2.2.3. Promote the safe use of laboratory facilities at ECU.
2.3. Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S):
2.3.1. Appoint a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) who is qualified by training to provide technical guidance (The Senior Industrial Hygienist with EH&S will be the University CHO);
2.3.2. Prepare, implement, and maintain a written Chemical Hygiene Plan, setting forth general procedures, control measures, and information intended to assist Principal Investigators and Laboratory Supervisors in protecting employees from harm arising from chemical exposure;
2.3.3. Provide employees with initial chemical hygiene training as scheduled and upon request;
2.3.4. Assist laboratory users in locating and obtaining Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) upon request;
2.3.5. Maintain a master chemical inventory;
2.3.6. Maintain a master emergency contact list;
2.3.7. Provide monitoring services for anticipated or suspected employee exposures and where required by chemical specific OSHA standards to determine proper protective measures upon request. (See the EH&S laboratory safety web site for a listing of chemical specific monitoring requirements, (http://www.ecu.edu/oehs).
2.3.8. Perform annual inspections of chemical fume hoods;
2.3.9. Coordinate required medical surveillance, treatment and exposure related recordkeeping through the Workers Compensation Office;
2.3.10. Perform annual laboratory inspections;
2.3.11. Perform laboratory close-out inspections prior to principal investigators and/or laboratory staff leaving the University; and
2.3.12. Provide grant review for hazardous chemical safety issues.
2.4. Principal Investigator, Laboratory Supervisor:
2.4.1. Maintain an up-to-date copy of the ECU Chemical Hygiene Plan and ensure that laboratory personnel comply with the Plan;
2.4.2. Create appropriate laboratory specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to supplement this Plan and forward to EH&S;
2.4.3. Train or arrange for training of laboratory workers, including students and visitors, at the time of initial employment and each time new procedures or hazards are introduced in accordance with section 3.2;
2.4.4. Maintain records of training (see Laboratory Specific Training Documentation Form) and make available to EH&S during annual inspections;
2.4.5. Implement and enforce the use of safety procedures including necessary personal protective equipment, engineering controls or work practices;
2.4.6. Assure that the areas where hazardous chemicals are used or stored are secured when not in use and that laboratory doors are closed and locked when not occupied.
2.4.7. Assure that all chemical containers used or stored in the laboratory are properly labeled;
2.4.8. Correct identified deficiencies on laboratory inspection reports and submit a written plan of action with completion date to EH&S by the indicated date;
2.4.9. Maintain current chemical inventory and emergency contact lists and forward updated information to EH&S at least annually;
2.4.10. Assure that interim inspections are conducted using the laboratory self-inspection worksheets available on the EH&S lab safety web site.
2.4.11. Maintain employee exposure to hazardous chemicals below permissible exposure limits set forth in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.subpart Z. (See EH&S laboratory safety web page);
2.4.12. Arrange for EH&S to conduct appropriate air monitoring when required by a chemical specific standard or when exposure is anticipated or suspected and notify affected laboratory users of results in a timely manner;
2.4.13. Arrange for appropriate routine medical surveillance as required by OSHA regulation for specific hazardous chemicals through EH&S;
2.4.14. Provide necessary personal protective clothing and equipment (at no charge to employees).
*Note: Respirator use must comply with requirements of the Respiratory Protection Standard.
18.104.22.168. Users must be included in the ECU Respiratory Protection Program.
126.96.36.199. Contact EH&S before purchasing or issuing respiratory protection.
2.4.15. Assure that engineering controls are functioning properly and arrange for maintenance if required;
2.4.16. If carcinogens, reproductive toxins, or acutely toxic chemicals are used in the laboratory, identify "designated use areas" in the laboratory safety plan;
2.4.17. Ensure the availability of Material Safety Data Sheets and relevant reference materials for each chemical used or stored in the laboratory;
2.4.18. Dispose of chemical waste properly through the ECU hazardous waste disposal system;
2.4.19. Initiate EH&S medical surveillance review and follow-up of all exposure incidents;
2.4.20. Maintain records of employee exposure determinations and laboratory related exposure incidents and forward copies to EH&S;
2.4.21. Post near the telephone and maintain a current list of emergency phone numbers and evacuation procedures;
2.4.22. Post emergency contact information on the outside of the laboratory door;
2.4.23. Complete the laboratory close-out form (see EH&S laboratory close-out model) and contact EH&S to schedule a final inspection within 10 business days of leaving the University;
2.4.24. Submit all grant proposals involving the use of hazardous chemicals to EH&S for approval (See EH&S Grant Review web page); and
2.4.25. Include chemical hygiene and laboratory safety compliance in employee annual work plans for performance review.
2.5. Laboratory Users:
2.5.1. Read and follow the guidelines in the Chemical Hygiene Plan and laboratory standard operating procedures;
2.5.2. Participate in initial and refresher training;
2.5.3. Do not remove or deface labels on incoming chemical containers;
2.5.4. Immediately label all secondary containers with the chemical constituents, hazard warning, responsible party or manufacturer, and date of preparation;
2.5.5. Report all exposure incidents or hazardous conditions to your Laboratory Supervisor;
2.5.6. Use provided materials to become familiar with the hazards associated with the chemicals and procedures used in your laboratory and use prescribed hazard controls (PPE, Engineering Controls, Work Practice);
2.5.7. Request information or training when unsure about how to handle a hazardous chemical or procedure;
2.5.8. Inform supervisor of any identified hazard or potential hazard;
2.5.9. Perform only authorized work, preparations and experiments in the laboratory.
3. Training
3.1 Chemical Hygiene Training:
3.1.1 EH&S staff provides initial Chemical Hygiene Training to all laboratory employees in general sessions.
3.1.2 Chemical Hygiene Training is available on the EH&S laboratory safety web site for individuals unable to attend the class.
3.1.3 Additional training sessions can be scheduled for groups upon request.
188.8.131.52 To request training send an email to email@example.com.
3.1.4 All laboratory employees will be required to attend refresher training every three years and/or after review/revision of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
3.1.5 Content of Training:
18.104.22.168 Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical;
126.96.36.199 Permissible exposure limits and exposure guidelines;
22.214.171.124 Physical and health hazards of chemicals;
188.8.131.52 Measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards;
184.108.40.206 The content of this Plan, its location and availability;
126.96.36.199 Signs and symptoms associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals;
3.1.6 Information:
184.108.40.206 The entire text of the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard (29 CFR 1910.1450) is available on the EH&S laboratory safety web page;
126.96.36.199 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) detailing chemical or mixture specific physical and hazard assessment information are available on the MSDS web page at http://www.ecu.edu/cs-admin/oehs/ih/MSDS.cfm.
22.214.171.124 Reference materials including access to MSDS, chemical profiles and hazard information is located on the EH&S Lab Safety web page (http://www.ecu.edu/oehs);
126.96.36.199 How to Read a MSDS a short, section-by-section explanation of the MSDS components available on the Laboratory Safety Resource Index at https://author.ecu.edu/cs-admin/oehs/MSDS-Guide.cfm )
3.2 Laboratory Specific Training:
3.2.1 Each laboratory supervisor will provide laboratory specific training. Training will include:
22.214.171.124 Location of emergency equipment such as eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, fire pull stations, safety showers, etc.;
18.104.22.168 How to locate and use personal protective equipment in the laboratory;
22.214.171.124 Emergency Evacuation Plan, including exits, evacuation routes and designated meeting locations;
184.108.40.206 Chemical storage and associated hazards and EH&S waste disposal procedures;
188.8.131.52 Location of designated areas for use of carcinogens, reproductive toxins or acutely toxic substances;
126.96.36.199 Location and access instructions for a copy of the laboratory chemical inventory, Chemical Hygiene Plan, material safety data sheets and laboratory specific standard operating procedures or methodologies; and
22.214.171.124 A record of laboratory specific training, including the trainees signature and list of items covered shall be maintained in each laboratory (see Lab Specific Training Documentation Form). Lab Specific Training Documentation Form
22.214.171.124.1 A copy of all training records shall be available for review by EH&S during annual laboratory inspections.
4. Standard Operating Procedures
4.1 The following standard operating procedures are general safety standards applicable to all ECU laboratories.
4.1.1 Individual laboratories should supplement these with laboratory specific standard operating procedures.
4.1.2 EH&S can assist supervisors in choosing appropriate personal protective equipment.
126.96.36.199 Personal Protection:
220.127.116.11.1 The employees department, without cost to the employee, must supply personal protective equipment.
184.108.40.206.2 Protective equipment remains the property of the University.
126.96.36.199.3 The laboratory supervisor will identify additional protective devices required in individual laboratories.
184.108.40.206.4 Eye Protection:
188.8.131.52.4.1 All people in laboratories, including visitors, must wear appropriate ANSI approved eye protection when the potential exists for eye injury.
126.96.36.199.4.2 Safety goggles or glasses with side shields may be used as appropriate.
126.96.36.199.4.3 Standard prescription eyeglasses are not sufficient with chemical use, high/low temperature, high/low pressure, compressed gas use, vibrating or rotating apparatus use, and continuous operations;
220.127.116.11.4.4 Contact lenses may be worn in the laboratory with appropriate safety glasses or splash goggles;
220.127.116.11.4.5 Face shields and/or standing guards must be available where face or neck protection is required.
184.108.40.206.4.5.1 Such shields do not replace the need for safety glasses.
22.214.171.124.5 Protective Clothing:
126.96.36.199.5.1. Laboratory users must wear closed toed shoes made of a non-woven material with non-slip soles;
22.214.171.124.5.2. Laboratory users must wear clothing that covers exposed arms and legs while working;
22.214.171.124.5.3. Laboratory users must wear a closed laboratory coat;
184.108.40.206.5.4. Laboratory coats must be removed before leaving the laboratory;
22.214.171.124.5.5. Clothing worn in the laboratory must be laundered separately from personal laundry;
126.96.36.199.5.6. Nonflammable, nonporous aprons must be available where corrosive liquid chemicals are used.
184.108.40.206.6 Respiratory Protection:
126.96.36.199.6.1 Respirators should not be used where mechanical means can be used to control exposure;
184.108.40.206.6.2 No respirator may be stored or used in a laboratory until the intended laboratory user has completed the requirements of the ECU Respiratory Protection Program including medical clearance, fit testing and training.
184.108.40.206.7 Gloves:
22.214.171.124.7.1 Use a glove that is compatible with the chemical(s) in use. (See ECU Lab Safety web page for more information, http://www.ecu.edu/oehs).
184.108.40.206.7.2 Remove gloves before leaving the laboratory or handling uncontaminated items (e.g. a doorknob or telephone receiver).
126.96.36.199.7.3 Wash hands immediately after removing gloves.
18.104.22.168.7.4 Clean or discard gloves immediately after use (consistent with use and contamination).
22.214.171.124.7.5 Inspect gloves to assure the absence of wear, cracks or discoloration before use.
126.96.36.199.7.6 Do not use disposable latex gloves for chemical protection. (See the EH&S Laboratory Safety web page for more information, http://www.ecu.edu/oehs.)
188.8.131.52.8 Personal Hygiene:
188.8.131.52.8.1. Do not prepare, store or consume food or beverages in the laboratory.
126.96.36.199.8.2 Coffee pots, lunch storage, etc. must be maintained in a location separated by a wall from the chemical laboratory.
184.108.40.206.8.2. Do not smoke, use or store tobacco products in the laboratory.
188.8.131.52.8.3. Do not apply cosmetics in the laboratory.
126.96.36.199.8.4. Do not use deionized water or laboratory ice for personal consumption.
184.108.40.206.8.5. Wash hands and arms thoroughly before leaving the laboratory, even if gloves have been worn.
220.127.116.11.8.6. Never pipette by mouth.
126.96.36.199.8.7. Do not smell or taste chemicals.
188.8.131.52.8.8. Long hair and loose clothing must be constrained.
188.8.131.52. Laboratory Practice:
126.96.36.199.1. Transporting Chemicals:
188.8.131.52.1.1. Cap all containers before transporting.
220.127.116.11.1.2. Transport chemicals within a tightly sealed chemically resistant container inside of a chemically resistant secondary container or pan that can contain any spill or leak.
22.214.171.124.1.3. Use freight elevators for chemical transport where available.
184.108.40.206.1.4. No chemical containers may be transported outside a University building without prior approval from EH&S.
188.8.131.52.1.5. Ground all metal containers when dispensing flammable liquids.
22.214.171.124.1.6 Only small quantities of flammable liquids should be transferred to glass containers.
22.214.171.124.2. Chemical Labeling:
184.108.40.206.2.1. Labels must be maintained on all incoming chemical containers.
220.127.116.11.2.2. Torn or defaced labels must be replaced immediately.
184.108.40.206.2.3 Any style of label that maintains the identity of the hazardous chemical, appropriate hazard warnings, expiration date (if applicable) and name and address of the manufacturer or importer may be used.
126.96.36.199.2.4. Secondary containers must be immediately labeled with the name of the product, hazard warning, and date of preparation and name of the responsible party.
18.104.22.168.3. Chemical Purchase:
220.127.116.11.3.1. Choose the least hazardous chemical that will perform for use in laboratory procedures.
126.96.36.199.3.2. Purchase the smallest quantity of hazardous chemicals necessary to complete laboratory procedures.
184.108.40.206.3.3. Chemical purchases with personal funds for use in University laboratories are prohibited.
22.214.171.124.3.4. Distance Education laboratory kits and protocols must have prior approval from EH&S.
126.96.36.199.4. Chemical Storage:
22.214.171.124.4.1. Minimize the quantity of chemicals stored in the laboratory. Be particularly aware of materials with a high hazard or shelf life, including peroxide formers.
188.8.131.52.4.2. Chemicals that have not been used in the past three years and are not anticipated to be used in identified laboratory procedures should be placed in the RECY-CHEM program for redistribution or the EH&S hazardous waste disposal system.
18.104.22.168.4.3. Store chemicals in compatibility groups (see ECU Lab Safety web page for additional information).
220.127.116.11.4.4. A maximum total of 10 gallons of flammable liquids may be stored in a laboratory outside of a flammable storage cabinet.
184.108.40.206.4.5. Store all chemicals in a manner that minimizes potential spillage onto personnel, equipment and other chemical containers.
126.96.36.199.4.6. Chemicals should be stored in closed cabinets.
18.104.22.168.4.6.1 If open shelving must be used, it must be secured to the wall.
22.214.171.124.4.6.2 Each shelf must have a minimum ¾ inch lip.
184.108.40.206.4.7. Store corrosives and liquids below eye level (4 to 4.5 feet).
18.104.22.168.4.8. Provide a barrier between compatibility groups in storage. (E.g., use shallow tubs capable of containing a container spill).
220.127.116.11.4.9. Inspect container and label integrity as part of the weekly laboratory inspection checklist.
22.214.171.124.5. Housekeeping:
18.104.22.168.5.1. Keep chemical use areas clean and free from contamination. (To protect staff safety, Housekeeping Services will not clean bench tops or other laboratory areas where chemical contamination is possible.)
188.8.131.52.5.2. Close and cap all chemical containers not in use.
188.8.131.52.5.3. Clean drips and/or spillage off of container exteriors immediately.
126.96.36.199.5.4. Maintain minimal equipment on working surfaces.
188.8.131.52.5.5. Maintain clear exits and aisles.
126.96.36.199.5.6. Maintain clear access to fire extinguishers, emergency eyewash and safety shower equipment.
220.127.116.11.5.7. Label all doors that are blocked on the interior side of the door and not intended for use.
184.108.40.206.5.8. Keep storage items out of hallways and stairwells. (Such items may be removed to campus surplus without notice).
220.127.116.11.5.9. Store all supplies and non-floor mounted equipment 12 inches or more off the floor.
22.214.171.124.5.10. Follow the Contaminated Surplus Property Policy when transferring or surplusing laboratory equipment.
184.108.40.206.6. Compressed Gas Cylinders:
220.127.116.11.6.1. Must be installed and leak tested by laboratory personnel who are trained to connect the cylinder properly.
184.108.40.206.6.2. Must be secured in an upright position and double-chained at all times.
188.8.131.52.6.3. Must be capped when not in use.
126.96.36.199.6.4. Must be fully labeled including cylinder content and status (full, empty, or in-service).
22.214.171.124.6.5. Must be used with a compatible regulator and other auxiliary equipment.
18.104.22.168.6.6 Assure that all regulator threads match those on the cylinder valve outlet.
126.96.36.199. Personal Safety:
22.214.171.124.1. Laboratory Access:
126.96.36.199.1.1 No children under 12 years of age may be present in any laboratory where hazardous chemicals are stored or used.
18.104.22.168.1.2. Laboratory staff must accompany visitors to the laboratory at all times and provide the necessary training.
18.104.22.168.1.2.1 All visitors to the Health Sciences Campus must comply with the Brody School of Medicine Student/Visitor Policy.
126.96.36.199.1.2.2 All visitors to the East Campus must be approved by the hosting Department Chair.
220.127.116.11.1.3. Laboratory doors must be locked when the laboratory is unoccupied by laboratory staff.
188.8.131.52.1.4. Laboratory staff that know or suspect they might be pregnant should be encouraged to consult their personal physician concerning the potential risks and additional precautions necessary during pregnancy.
188.8.131.52.1.4.1 A copy of the laboratory chemical inventory, individual laboratory safety plans and current procedures should be provided. (See the EH&S laboratory safety web site for additional resources, http://www.ecu.edu/oehs).
18.104.22.168.1.5. Administrative, clerical and other non-laboratory personnel are prohibited from maintaining workstations in a laboratory.
22.214.171.124.1.6 University property, including laboratory equipment and chemical containers, may not be removed from University facilities.
184.108.40.206.1.7 Horseplay will not be tolerated in the laboratory.
188.8.131.52.1.8 No laboratory user should work alone.
18.104.22.168.1.8.1 If circumstances require working alone, the Laboratory Supervisor must be notified and arrangements made to assure the workers safety.
18.104.22.168.1.9 Operations should not be allowed to run unattended without ALL of the following:
184.108.40.206.1.9.1. Laboratory Supervisors review and permission;
184.108.40.206.1.9.2. Fail-safe provisions such as the following:
126.96.36.199.184.108.40.206 A temperature sensor attached to the reflux apparatus to stop the reaction when cooling is lost;
220.127.116.11.126.96.36.199 Clamp flasks to prevent vibration movement;
184.108.40.206.126.96.36.199 Secure/clamp condenser hose connections to prevent a connection break;
18.104.22.168.184.108.40.206 Catch pans or trays placed under apparatus to collect potential spills;
220.127.116.11.184.108.40.206 Emergency instructions including the nature of the operation, identity of hazardous materials involved, location of emergency cut off switches and contact information for the individual most familiar with the operation posted outside of the door; and laboratory lights left on.
126.96.36.199.2. Eyewash Stations:
22.214.171.124.2.1. Must meet the requirements of ANSI Z358.1-2009. (Portable eyewash bottles or drench hoses will not meet this requirement.)
188.8.131.52.2.2. Must be used to supply 15 minutes worth of clear running water to fully clean the eye.
188.8.131.52.2.3. Use should be followed by appropriate medical treatment.
184.108.40.206.2.4. Must be operated weekly to assure proper function and minimize bacterial contamination.
18.104.22.168.2.5. Shall be tested at least annually by Facilities Services.
220.127.116.11.2.6. Access to the equipment must be unimpeded.
22.214.171.124.3. Safety Showers:
22.214.171.124.3.1. Must meet the requirements of ANSI Z358.1-2009.
188.8.131.52.3 2. Use should be followed by appropriate medical treatment.
22.214.171.124.3.3. Shall be tested at least annually by Facilities Services.
184.108.40.206.3.4. Access to the equipment must be unimpeded.
220.127.116.11.4. Fire Extinguishers:
184.108.40.206.4.1. All uses of fire extinguishers shall be reported to Facilities Services through the online work order system to assure extinguishers are fully charged and operational.
188.8.131.52.4.2. Facilities Services will inspect all fire extinguishers monthly.
188.8.131.52.4.3. It is University Policy to evacuate and activate the fire alarm upon the discovery of a fire.
184.108.40.206.4.4 Only individuals who have completed fire extinguisher training and are comfortable that they can safely discharge the unit should try to use extinguishers.( Training may be requested through EH&S).
22.214.171.124. Laboratory Controls:
220.127.116.11.1. Ventilation:
22.214.171.124.1.1. General room ventilation patterns must not be altered. (Do not block room air supply grills, return duct grills or remove drop ceiling tiles).
22.214.171.124.1.2. Canopy style local exhaust ventilation may only be used when no other form of ventilation is practical or when no toxic substances will be released (e.g. heat control for large apparatus).
22.214.171.124.1.3. Local exhaust should be used to capture point source discharges of toxic chemicals from apparatus as appropriate.
126.96.36.199.1.4. Toxic chemicals should not be used outside of a chemical fume hood or other containment system in rooms where air is re-circulated, (e.g. clean rooms or cold rooms.).
220.127.116.11.2. Chemical Fume Hoods:
184.108.40.206.2.1. Use the chemical fume hood for all operations that might result in an odoriferous, volatile, toxic or harmful release.
126.96.36.199.2.2. Assure that the hood is drawing properly prior to use. (A mounted monometer, digital display or sash mounted telltale may be used).
126.96.36.199.2.3. Work at least 6 inches into the fume hood.
220.127.116.11.2.4. Elevate large apparatus 2 inches off of the hood deck with blocks at each end to allow airflow under the apparatus except where the elevation would make the equipment unstable.
126.96.36.199.2.5. Maintain the sash no higher than the posted height while in use.
184.108.40.206.2.6. Do not use the fume hood for storage. (Vented storage cabinets should be used for vented storage.)
184.108.40.206.2.7. A continuous monitoring device such as a thin strip of tissue paper or manometer should be installed on chemical fume hoods to allow the user to assure proper direction of flow before beginning a task.
22.214.171.124.2.8. No ductless or recirculating fume hoods may be in ECU facilities.
220.127.116.11.2.9. All fume hoods will be inspected and tested at least annually by EH&S.
220.127.116.11.2.10. All fume hood installations and removals must be in accordance with State and Federal regulations and be reviewed by EH&S.
22.214.171.124.3. Specialized Hoods:
220.127.116.11.3.1. Perchloric Acid Hoods
220.127.116.11.3.1.1. Water washed hoods are available on campus for processes requiring the use of hot perchloric acid;
22.214.171.124.3.1.2. Hoods will be evaluated at least annually by EH&S;
18.104.22.168.3.1.3. Perchloric Acid Hood repair work orders must be reviewed by EH&S prior to the commencement of work. (Notify EH&S at 328-6166 or email@example.com).
126.96.36.199.3.2. Radiation Hoods
126.96.36.199.3.2.1. The Radiation Safety Office inspects radiation use hoods at least annually.
184.108.40.206.3.2.2. For more information contact the Radiation Safety Office at 744-2418.
22.214.171.124.4. Biosafety Cabinets
22.214.171.124.4.1. Biosafety Cabinets are inspected and certified by the Biological Safety Office annually and when the unit must be moved.
22.214.171.124.4.2. Contact the Biological Safety Office for more information at 744-3437.
188.8.131.52.5 Glove boxes:
22.214.171.124.5.1. Seals and gloves must be inspected prior to each use of a glove box.
22.214.171.124.5.2 Glove boxes will be evaluated by EH&S annually.
220.127.116.11.5.3 Glove boxes using radioactive or biological material will be referred to the Radiation and Biological Safety Offices.
220.127.116.11.6. Other Laboratory Control Equipment:
126.96.36.199.6.1. Laboratory staff shall inspect specialized laboratory control equipment prior to each use to insure function.
18.104.22.168.6.2. Local exhaust should be used to capture point source discharges of toxic chemicals from apparatus and shall be evaluated annually by EH&S.
5. Chemical Waste Management
5.1 Chemicals must be identified as waste for disposal or surplus for redistribution.
5.1.1 Chemical Waste for Disposal:
126.96.36.199 Containers:
22.214.171.124.1 Collect materials in original type containers that are compatible with the collected material.
18.104.22.168.2 Collect material in containers free of incompatible residue.
188.8.131.52.3 Containers must have a closed, tight fitting cap that will not leak if the container is tipped on its side.(Corks, stoppers, etc., are not acceptable.)
188.8.131.52.4. Containers must be free from exterior damage or contamination.
188.8.131.52. Collection:
22.214.171.124.1. Collect waste by compatibility groups.
184.108.40.206.2. Collect a minimum number of different chemicals in the same container.
18.104.22.168.3. Collect chemicals by disposal groups as listed below.
Acids (unless neutralized as end step in procedure) Bases (unless neutralized as end step in procedure) Ethers/Peroxide Forming Agents
Sulfides Heavy Metals Chlorinated Solvents
Antineoplastic Drugs Acutely Toxic Wastes Alcohols /Non-Chlorinated Solvents
Ethidium Bromide/Acrylamide
(Separate liquids. Combine gels) Amines
126.96.36.199.4. Maintain 1 to 1 1/2 inches of air space in the top of any container.
188.8.131.52.5. Keep containers closed at all times except when materials are being added.
22.214.171.124.6. Transfer materials inside of a chemical fume hood.
220.127.116.11.7. Maintain hazardous waste collection containers inside of secondary containment labeled ,Satellite Accumulation Area.
184.108.40.206.8. Chemical compounds that decompose to dangerous explosive compounds (e.g., dry picric acid, out-dated ethyl ether) require special handling.
220.127.116.11.8.1 Do not move the container and contact EH&S immediately upon discovery.
188.8.131.52. Container Labels:
126.96.36.199.1. Label and date each waste container with its content when the first product enters the container. (Update the label each time a different material is added).
188.8.131.52.2. Complete and attach an EH&S Hazardous Waste tag to each waste container.
220.127.116.11.2.1 The container will not be picked-up without a completed tag.
220.127.116.11.2.2 Tags are available through EH&S at 328-6166 or firstname.lastname@example.com, on the Hazardous Waste website or through the Medical School Storeroom.
22.214.171.124.3 The generator must fill in all information on the label except the gray EH&S use box.
18.104.22.168.4 List all chemicals by name in the content section.
22.214.171.124.4.1 Chemical formulas or abbreviations are not acceptable.
220.127.116.11.4.2 Include the names of non-hazardous components (i.e. water).
18.104.22.168.5. Identify the percent (%) of each component in each container in the percent (%) column.
126.96.36.199.5.1 Each tag must equal 100%.
126.96.36.199.6. Enter the total amount of product in the container on the line marked - Amount.
188.8.131.52.7. Sign the Generator Signature line on the bottom of the tag.
220.127.116.11.8. Attach the tag to the container with a rubber band, wire or string.
188.8.131.52. Pick-up process:
220.127.116.11.1. Contact EH&S for pick up at email@example.com schedule a pick-up when the waste container is ¾ full and before one year from accumulation start date.
184.108.40.206.1.1 Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators (Carol Belk, Harris Print Shop, Ward Sports Medicine, ECU Womens Physicians and West Research Campus) must schedule a waste pick-up within two years of accumulation start date.
188.8.131.52.2. Provide a list of chemicals for pick-up on the EH&S Hazardous Chemical Waste Pick-up Request form located on the EH&S web site.
188.8.131.52.3. Waste will be picked up on the regularly scheduled weekly pick-up day unless special arrangements are necessary.
18.104.22.168.3.1 No more than 6 4L bottles will be collected from individual laboratories each week.
22.214.171.124.4. Dangerously reactive materials cannot be collected on the normal pick-up route.
126.96.36.199.4.1 Contact EH&S to arrange for a special pick up.
184.108.40.206.5. Large-scale pick-ups (e.g., laboratory clean-outs) will be done by special arrangement.
188.8.131.52.6. Improperly packaged or labeled waste will not be accepted.
184.108.40.206. Drain Disposal:
126.96.36.199.1. No chemical may be disposed to the drain without prior EH&S approval.
188.8.131.52.2. Approved material disposed to the drain shall be logged on a drain disposal log form including the disposal date, chemical name, discarded amount, pH and responsible party. (See the EH&S web site for further instruction and disposal form.)
220.127.116.11.3. Flush drain system with water at a minimum 3:1 ratio following all drain disposals.
5.1.2. Recyclable Chemicals (RECY-CHEM)
184.108.40.206 ECU recycles unwanted, unopened chemicals, which another researcher may be able to use.
220.127.116.11. Attempt to redistribute unused chemicals internally.
22.214.171.124. If unable to locate a user, send an email request to EH&S at email@example.com requesting pick-up of a surplus chemical for redistribution through the RECY-CHEM program.
220.127.116.11.1. Include the name of the chemical, quantity, location in laboratory, and indicate if the bottle has been opened.
184.108.40.206.2. Mark the bottle with a note indicating that the container is intended for redistribution.
220.127.116.11.3. Improperly packaged or labeled surplus stock will not be accepted.
18.104.22.168.4. Materials not accepted for RECY-CHEM due to age or condition must be relabeled by the laboratory staff for disposal through the ECU hazardous waste disposal system.
5.3. The Radiation Safety Office will collect radioactive waste. (Leave a voice mail at 744-3867).
5.4. The Biological Safety Office will collect biological waste. (Leave a voice mail at 744-3867).
5.5. Unknown or unidentified materials will not be accepted and must remain in the laboratory until it can be picked-up for disposal by the waste contractors.
5.5.1 Departments may be charged directly for any costs associated with identification and disposal of an unknown material.
5.6. Sharps and Broken Glass:
5.6.1. Sharps:
184.108.40.206. Used or contaminated needles, syringes, small bore pipettes, slides, lancets, scalpels and razor blades are to be placed in a red sharps container available through the Biological Safety Office.
22.214.171.124. No part of a sharp may extend beyond the cap of the sharps container at any time.
188.8.131.52. Seal sharps container when it reaches ¾ capacity and call the Biological Safety Office at 744-3867 for disposal.
5.6.2. Broken Glass:
22.214.171.124. Place uncontaminated large bore pipettes, broken laboratory glass, and broken plastic into a small rigid cardboard box.
22.214.171.124. Label the box - Broken Glass.
188.8.131.52. Seal the box when ¾ full for housekeeping to transport to the dumpster.
5.7. Spills:
5.7.1. Chemicals:
126.96.36.199. Laboratory user may clean up small spills when they have the necessary materials in the laboratory and have the appropriate training to clean it up safely. (See the EH&S web page for specific spill clean-up recommendations.)
184.108.40.206. All spills involving mercury must be reported to EH&S immediately at 328-6166.
18.104.22.168. Spills involving a large quantity of material, high level of toxicity, materials capable of causing damage to the laboratory structure, or a material the laboratory user is not comfortable with should be referred to EH&S at 328-6166.
22.214.171.124. Spills that the user cannot clean up that occur after normal business hours should be referred to 911 on the Main Campus and 744-2246 on the Health Sciences Campus.
188.8.131.52.1 Evacuate the area and wait to meet ECU Police and/or EH&S.
5.7.2. Radioactive materials - Contact the Radiation Safety Office at 744-2418 for instructions.
5.7.3. Biological or infectious materials - Contact the Biological Safety Office at 744-3437 for instructions.
6. Medical Consultation
6.1. Availability - All employees who work with hazardous chemicals will have an opportunity to receive medical consultation at no cost under the following circumstances:
6.1.1. When the employee develops symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the laboratory.
6.1.2. When exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level above an action level or permissible exposure limit for an OSHA regulated substance for which there is a medical surveillance requirement.
6.1.3. When an event likely to produce a hazardous exposure occurs while the employee is in the laboratory. (E.g., a spill, leak or explosion.)
6.2. Options:
6.2.1. Life or limb threatening injury or illness:
184.108.40.206. Dial 911 (Notify dispatchers of potential contamination to assure prompt and appropriate care).
22.214.171.124. Proceed to the Pitt County Memorial Hospital Emergency Room.
188.8.131.52. Notify your Laboratory Supervisor as soon as possible.
126.96.36.199. Notify EH&S at 328-6166 as soon as possible.
6.2.2. Non-life or limb threatening injury or illness:
18.104.22.168. Notify your Laboratory Supervisor.
22.214.171.124. Call the EH&S Workers Compensation Office, 328-6166.
184.108.40.206. Workers Compensation Manager, based upon the recommendation of a licensed physician or physicians assistant, will make referral to the appropriate health care provider for necessary medical treatment.
6.3. Information:
6.3.1. The following information should be provided to the attending physician by the lab user or laboratory supervisor:
22.214.171.124. Identity of the hazardous chemical to which the laboratory user may have been exposed.
220.127.116.11.1 Include the MSDS if available.
22.214.171.124.2 EH&S will assist in obtaining this if necessary;
126.96.36.199. Description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred;
22.214.171.124. Description of the symptoms experienced by the employee.
6.3.2. The following information should be provided to EH&S:
18.104.22.168. The above listed information;
188.8.131.52. A completed copy of the Workers Compensation Package Form (available through your departmental office, EH&S or the EH&S Workers Compensation web site.
6.4. Follow-up:
6.4.1. All events that require medical treatment must be reported to EH&S Workers Compensation office as soon as possible.
184.108.40.206 No payment for medical treatment will be made until the Workers Compensation Manager has reviewed the case. (Contact EH&S at 328-6166 or firstname.lastname@example.com).
6.4.2. Each incident will be investigated by the laboratory supervisor and/or EH&S in an attempt to identify potential causal factors and possible corrective actions.
ECU Main Campus Emergency (Fire, Campus Police, Rescue, EMS) 911
ECU Health Sciences Campus Emergency (Fire, City Police, Rescue, EMS) 911
Main Campus Police 328-6150
Health Sciences Campus Police 744-2246
Office of Environmental Health and Safety
(Fire Protection, Safety/Industrial Hygiene, Laboratory Safety, Environmental Management, Hazardous Waste, Workers Compensation) 328-6166
ECU Chemical Hygiene Officer 328-6166
Hazardous Waste Pick-up 328-6166
Radiation Safety Office 744-2418
Biological Safety Office 744-3437
Office of Prospective Health 744-2070
Main Campus Facilities Services 328-6776
Health Sciences Campus Facilities Services 744-2251
Main Campus Emergency Information Hotline (Adverse weather delays or cancellations) 328-0062
Health Sciences Campus Emergency Information Hotline (Adverse weather delays or cancellations) 744-5080
North Carolina Poison Center (information after 911 call) 1-800-222-1222
Duke Medical Center Poison Control Center (after 911 call) 1-800-672-1697
Laboratory Supervisor (Name) Home:
(Office Location) Office:
Location of the Office of Environmental Health and Safety
210 East 4th Street
Greenville, NC, 27858-4353
Environmental Safety Web Page Internet Address http://www.ecu.edu/oehs
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
EH&S Phone Line 328-6166
EH&S Fax Line 737-1458
ECU Library Catalogues www.ecu.edu/lib/
Review/Revision Date September 2010