text:
The Complete Guide to iPod, iPhone and Apple TV Video Conversion (Mac)
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In our last article, we discussed the various video formats and display resolutions for the iPod, iPhone and Apple TV, and provided some guidelines and recommendations on the best formats and resolutions to use for the various devices.
With this information in mind, we now continue our series with some specific tutorials and guidelines on converting video content into an Apple-ready format using the tools available on Mac OS X. In a future article, we will be doing the same thing for users of the Windows platform.
Since the initial introduction of video capabilities on the fifth-generation iPod in 2005, the software landscape has changed dramatically. A number of tools that were previously popular options are no longer actively updated or maintained, and some have dropped off the radar entirely. This article is intended to cover some of the more popular tools available, and stay focused on those tools that are currently and actively being maintained by their developers.
Types of Content
There are several possible sources of content that most people will want to convert for viewing on their Apple devices, and the best tools to use for the job will often be determined by the type and source of that content.
The most common types of content include DVDs, downloaded digital video content (such as that downloaded from the web), content recorded from a TV using a digital video recorder (DVR), and your own home video content. We will be discussing each of these content types in turn, and our recommended tools for each.
Converting DVDs
One of the most common sources of iPod content for users outside of the U.S. will be DVDs. Since the availability of Apple-ready movie and TV content for the iPod outside of the U.S. is extremely limited, the easiest way for international users to actually get commercial content onto their Apple devices is to encode it themselves from DVDs that they already own.
Although the legality of ripping the content from DVDs varies in different jurisdictions, many countries outside of the U.S. have no specific restrictions on the conversion of DVDs that you already own into other viewable formats. That having been said, it is always recommended that you confirm and comply with the laws of your particular jurisdiction concerning the copying of DVD material and the circumventing of the copy protection found on commercial DVDs.
The converting or "ripping" of commercial DVDs creates an additional task in the conversion process, and that is the extraction of the actual DVD content. Since most DVDs are copy-protected, special software tools are required to extract this content. It is actually this process of circumventing the copy protection that makes the "ripping" of DVDs illegal in the U.S. and some other jurisdictions, rather than the copying of the content itself.
To convert a commercial copy-protected DVD, you must first extract the video content into a non-protected format. Once this has been accomplished, the remainder of the conversion process works in much the same way as for any other type of video content, as the extracted DVD content will simply be an MPEG-2 format video file.
On the Mac platform, the two most commonly used tools for DVD extraction are Handbrake and MacTheRipper. Handbrake provides an integrated solution to preform the extraction of DVD content and conversion to an Apple-ready format, while MacTheRipper simply performs the task of extracting the DVD content to an unprotected VOB (MPEG-2) file that can then be subsequently converted with another third-party conversion tool.
|Handbrake 0.8.5b1 http://handbrake.m0k.org/ Mac/Windows/Linux, Free
After something of a rocky development cycle, and some changes in the development team, Handbrake has returned to become pretty much the standard in one-stop DVD conversion. In addition to the ability to take content from a DVD directly to an Apple-ready format, including the higher resolutions offered by the Apple TV, Handbrake also offers anamorphic encoding, the ability to queue up multiple tracks from a DVD (particularly useful for TV shows on DVD), support for the conversion of chapter markers from a DVD and the ability to downmix a Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound track into a Dolby Pro-Logic II Surround track compatible with the Apple TV.
Using Handbrake is relatively straightforward, with built-in presets included for the iPod and the Apple TV. The default presets use the following settings:
- iPod - 1500 kbps average bitrate, 640 x 480 maximum resolution, aspect ratio maintained
- Apple TV - 2500 kbps average birate, 720 x 480 maximum native resolution, anamorphic encoding enabled
Both presets also provide the encoding of chapter markers, 160kbps AAC audio and the downconversion of 5.1 Dolby Digital (AC3) audio tracks to Dolby Pro Logic II. These presets can of course be further customized, and you can also save your own presets.
Handbrake has a number of advanced features, and settings that can be customized and tweaked to create content for different uses. However, for the purpose of this article, we will be focusing only on those features that are directly relevant to converting videos for the iPod, iPhone or Apple TV.
In terms of actual use, simply insert a DVD and start Handbrake. You will be prompted to either choose a physical DVD or point Handbrake to a DVD folder or image that has previously been stored on your hard drive:
Handbrake will then simply read the inserted DVD or DVD folder/image and you will be presented with the main settings screen:
The presets described above can be accessed from the "Presets" button in the top-right corner, which will open a drawer listing the available presets:
The top portion of the Handbrake screen allows you to select the specific source tracks that you wish to encode. The "Browse" button will allow you to select a different DVD disc or folder/image, much like the initial screen shown when you first run Handbrake.
The remaining drop-down lists allow you to select specific titles and chapters that you wish to extract and convert:
Note that it's important to select the correct title, as most DVDs will have more than one. For movies, the main feature is not necessarily the first title, but will generally be the longest title. The length of each title in hours, minutes, and seconds is shown to help you determine which ones you want to encode. By default, all chapters of the current title will be encoded, but you can use the "Chapters" drop-down entries to limit these if you only want to encode part of a given title for whatever reason.
Note that if you want to encode more than one title from a DVD, you will need to either do them manually one at a time, or use the Handbrake "Queue" system, which we will discuss further on.
Once you have selected the source DVD and title that you wish to encode, you can then move on to the "Destination" settings:
The first field simply specifies the target filename, which by default will be the DVD disc name followed by the title number. The current preset is also shown, or the word "Custom" if you are using customized settings.
For output file format, MP4 file should always be chosen for encoding for an Apple device. Likewise, the default codec is normally H.264, which is suitable for the majority of users. If you would prefer to use MPEG-4 for whatever reason, you can choose this instead from the "Codecs" drop-down list. As a rule, H.264 will offer better quality at a given file size, and is definitely the preferred format for Apple TV encoding. For iPod and iPhone encoding, MPEG-4 does allow you to use a higher bit-rate at the cost of a larger file size, however.
The "Create Chapter Markers" checkbox will copy the chapter markers from the original source DVD title into the resulting MP4 file. This will allow you to use the previous/next buttons to skip between chapters when playing the movie back on your device, as well as enabling the chapters pop-up menu when playing the video in iTunes or Quicktime on your computer. Note that unlike movies purchased from the iTunes Store, the chapter markers will simply be numbered as "Chapter 001, Chapter 002, etc" rather than given specific names and thumbnails:
|Chapter Markers from Handbrake
|Chapter Markers from the iTunes Store
The next section of the Handbrake screen provides two tabs for "Video" and "Audio & Subtitles." The "Video" tab allows you to specify the framerate, the specific encoder to be used, and the quality settings of the output.
Framerate can normally be left to "Same as source" which will produce a 24fps framerate for NTSC (North American) DVDs and a 25 fps framerate for PAL (European) DVDs. Most theatrical DVD releases are 24fps, although if you're encoding an NTSC TV show from DVD, the 29.97fps setting should be specified manually to match the video content. Handbrake unfortunately has no way of making the distinction between the different types of content on a DVD, since the DVD itself will generally always specify a 30fps framerate. For European users, most PAL DVDs should be 25fps regardless of whether they are movie or TV content.
The "Encoder" should be left at its default setting if using one of the presets. If you are specifying your own settings, keep in mind that you should use the "x264 (h.264 Main)" setting if you're encoding exclusively for Apple TV use, or the "x264 (h.264 iPod)" setting if you're encoding content to also be played on the iPod or iPhone.
The "Quality" can be specified in one of three ways: The desired size of the target file, the average bitrate, or a constant quality specified as a percentage. Most users should simply use an average bitrate of 1500 kbps for iPod/iPhone encoding, or an average bitrate of between 2500-4000 kbps when encoding for the Apple TV. Keep in mind that this is the average bitrate, so some segments of your video may actually be encoded at higher than normal bitrates. As a result, this setting should always be set slightly on the conservative side to avoid exceeding the maximum settings.
The "2-pass encoding" checkbox can be selected to improve quality at the expense of encoding time. This option will instruct Handbrake to perform a separate analysis pass through the video before doing the actual encoding. This helps Handbrake to determine the best possible bitrate to encode for any given section of the video, and will generally result in better overall quality and the reduction of artifacts in the resulting video stream. The downside to this is that it will double the required time for conversion.
The lower part of the video settings shows the resolution of the video source (normally 720x480 for an NTSC DVD or 720x576 for a PAL DVD) and the resolution of the output, as well as the status of other settings such as Deinterlacing and Anamorphic output. These can be modified by clicking the "Picture Settings" button, which will present a preview of a frame of the video source and the settings for the desired output resolution:
"Size" simply specifies the desired output resolution. For iPod or iPhone encoding, the width and height must be less than 640 and 480, respectively. As discussed in our previous article, this may result in videos that are considerably less than a full 640x480 when dealing with high-definition and cinematic aspect ratios.
The "Keep Aspect Ratio" checkbox ensures that the proper aspect ratio is maintained when adjusting the width and height settings. Disabling this checkbox will allow you to create a stretched or distorted image. This can sometimes be useful if encoding exclusively for iPod output to a 16:9 TV or portable widescreen device like the Sonic Impact Video 55, however this will result in these videos looking abnormal on the iPod screen itself.
The "Anamorphic (PAR)" checkbox allows for anamorphic video output. This is primarily useful for Apple TV encoding to allow a native 720x480 video to be properly stretched to a 16:9 screen without actually having to actually add unnecessary pixels. It will essentially encode the video in its native 720x480 resolution while telling the output device (ie, Apple TV) to play the video back at 854x480 in order to display a proper aspect ratio. See the "Anamorphic Encoding" section in our Video Formats article for a more detailed description of this concept.
This dialog also provides settings that you can use to crop the image if necessary. The default of "automatic" should suffice for most purposes, and will even support most "Hard Letterboxed" content (again, see our Video Formats Guide for a more detailed description of this). In the event that the "automatic" setting does not properly crop off unnecessary space, you can choose the "Custom" setting and specify the number of pixels to be cropped from each side of the video image.
This feature can also be used if you want to format a video to a different aspect ratio via cropping—for example, permanently turning a 16:9 movie into a 4:3 version to maximum the vertical resolution for standard iPod and TV output.
As each of these settings are changed, the preview image in the main window will update to reflect these changes. The "Previous" and "Next" buttons can also be used to view different frames in the video (there will be 10 different frames available, evenly spaced throughout the video).
Lastly, the Audio settings can be used to specify more advanced audio conversion options and to include a subtitle track from the original DVD if so desired. There is seldom a need to change anything here for basic DVD conversion, but the options are provided to encode different audio tracks (if you wanted to select a different language or director commentary track, for instance), and to select a different output quality.
By default, two-channel audio tracks will be mixed to standard stereo, and 5.1-channel audio tracks will be mixed to Dolby Pro Logic II.
Note that if subtitles are chosen here, they will be permanently encoded into the resulting video, and cannot be disabled during playback. The Apple video devices do not presently support separate subtitle tracks.
At the very bottom of the Handbrake screen is a checkbox labeled "Enable Queue." As the name implies, this will enable the conversion of multiple tracks in a single session, useful for encoding a movie along with its special feature tracks, or several episodes from a TV show DVD. Selecting this checkbox will present two additional buttons to manage the queue.
To queue up multiple items, simply select the title, chapters, and other encoding settings as described above, and press the "Add to queue" button. A counter will track how many items are in the queue, and the content of the queue can be displayed by clicking the "Show queue" button.
Entries can be removed from the queue simply by clicking the "Remove" button beside each.
Note that items selected for two-pass encoding will actually take up two entries in the queue—one for each encoding pass.
Clicking the "Start" button will begin the conversion process, either for the single title selected or all items in the queue, depending upon whether the "Enable queue" checkbox is selected.
The approximate conversion times will vary depending upon your specific hardware, but the table below provides an estimate of the conversion times on some typical Mac systems for a 90-minute 16:9 DVD movie, using the standard Apple TV and iPod presets:
|MacTheRipper http://www.mactheripper.org/ Mac, Free
The second option for DVD extraction on the Mac platform is MacTheRipper. Unlike Handbrake, this is not an end-to-end iPod conversion solution, but rather simply a tool to extract the VOB files from a DVD into an unprotected and compiled format. It does not actually convert video, but merely extracts it from the DVD, combining separate video tracks where necessary to produce a single MPEG-2 file in its native DVD format.
This resulting VOB file will then need to be converted using another utility. However, any of the tools that would be used to convert normal video files can be used on this resulting VOB file once it has been extracted. We discuss some of these later in this article under the section on video conversion.
MacTheRipper provides a number of advanced features for DVD extraction, including many features that are more relevant to DVD copying than simple conversion. For the purposes of this article, we'll focus on its features related to extracting content for converting to an Apple-ready format.
The use of MacTheRipper is relatively straightforward: Simply insert a DVD and start the application, and you will be presented with a screen similar to the following:
MacTheRipper defaults to full disc extraction, which is not generally what you want to use for producing a conversion-ready file, as it will simply extract ALL content from the DVD, organized in a DVD file configuration, rather than packaged into a single conversion-ready file. To extract a title from the DVD as a specific file, you instead need to click the "Mode" tab and choose "Title - Chapter Extraction" from the pull-down menu:
This will allow you to select the specific title you wish to rip. The main title for a movie DVD is normally identified with an "(MF)" in parenthesis, representing the "Main Feature" although this is not always correct, and should be confirmed by also checking the specific title lengths.
When selecting this mode, a slide-out drawer will appear beside the main window providing the ability to select specific chapters. The duration and size of each chapter are also shown, as is an option to "Merge Chapters."
Under normal circumstances, these can be left at the default setting to extract all chapters. Note that the Angle can also be selected from this dialog box for a DVD with multiple angles stored on it.
The other settings should be left at their defaults, and subsequently pressing the "GO!" button will begin the DVD extraction process.
The first time you use MacTheRipper, you will be prompted for a location to save the resulting files. This path is stored as a default for subsequent operations, but can be changed manually from the File, Save to menu option.
Since this application is merely extracting the video tracks rather than performing any conversion, it will run quite fast, and is not particularly processor-dependent. The extraction of a 90-minute DVD movie takes approximately 15 minutes on a standard Mac SuperDrive, and this does not vary significantly by processor speed.
The result of this operation will be a single VOB file located in the target directory. This file is in MPEG-2 format, and can be viewed through any software application capable of MPEG-2 playback, or converted using one of the tools discussed further below.
One of the main disadvantages of MacTheRipper in this context is that it does not presently include any kind of queue or batch mode to extract multiple titles in a single session. Due to the rather fast ripping time, however, it is not overly burdensome to do this manually.
Page two: Converting Standard Digital Video Content…
Click Below to Read the Rest of This Article:
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Wonderful explanation of complex situation, thank you!
but ... you missed one very valuable tool: it is easy to record CATV shows via the firewire connection with Ammesset Software's freeware iRecord (http://www.ammesset.com/irecord/). it turns your mac into a DVR, for pre-set timed recording of full definition Mpeg2 .ts files, including HDTV shows from your cablebox. then you covert it to the compressed file format of your choice with MpegStreamclip or other program and add to iTunes.
and what we need the most is for Elegato or someone else to produce a Turbo hardware converter that supports full HDTV, up to 1080p (720p at least as a good compromise). HDTV files of course take the longest to compress, by far. This is the future.
Posted by Alfiejr in Toronto on July 16, 2007 at 10:56 PM (CDT)
Thank you for your comments and feedback.
We have looked at iRecord in the past, but unfortunately, our own experiences with it indicate that it does not work reliably with all hardware.
Further, it is very much in beta form (being a 0.4 version), is not a universal binary, and has not been updated by the author in almost two years.
The pre-release version that is presently available from the author's site has made some progress but still needs a great deal of work yet based on our own obserations.
It is certainly our hope that the author of iRecord will continue to actively update this product or that some other similar tool will become available to fill this gap.
Posted by Jesse Hollington in Toronto on July 17, 2007 at 6:51 AM (CDT)
In handbrake there are presets for iphone and apple tv. What if I want to create a video file that will be compatible with apple tv and iphone? I currently use the apple tv preset but then the video won't seem to transfer to my iphone.
Any help would be appreciated! Thanks!
Posted by hobart in Toronto on April 12, 2008 at 10:25 PM (CDT)
Seconding Hobart's query. I'm looking to figure out a solution that will result in the best possible quality for my 20" iMac, while still being iPod touch compatible. Currently I'm pretty comfortable with the quality of Divx files (at 700MB per hour average) on the desktop, but obviously not iPod compatible, and I'd rather not have the iPod file seperate… Any specific suggestions?
Posted by Brad in Toronto on May 15, 2008 at 12:03 PM (CDT)
I also came here hoping to find an answer to the "compress once for all devices" debate. Before I got a video i-pod, I had started ripping all of my DVD's using the Handbrake Apple-TV preset, only to find out that these files wont play on my I-pod nano. Currently I'm resorting to a custom Handbrake setting using the I-Pod (H.264 ipod) encoder, but setting the Bit rate to 2500 to keep quality high for when I eventually buy Apple TV - or whatever comes next. Any other suggestions are greatly appreciated. Compressing twice for different devices seems ridiculous.
Posted by Brian in Toronto on May 17, 2008 at 10:06 PM (CDT)
I have successfully ripped DVDs using HandBrake and are able to watch them in Tunes but the movies aren't transferring to my video ipod. I've tried several times and am able to transfer itunes purchased movies so it works in general. Am I missing any steps to make this work?
Posted by Kurt in Toronto on August 20, 2008 at 2:30 PM (CDT)
I am confused which program to use, I have several avi, mpg movies that I can watch on my Ipod Touch 2G which program should I use and which preset?
Posted by David in Toronto on September 29, 2008 at 12:24 AM (CDT)
So how is Apple encoding video for the iTunes store? I only download one video from the store and it plays on the Apple TV or the iPhone equally well.
Posted by Terry in Toronto on November 15, 2008 at 3:16 AM (CST)
I record to DVD-R from TV then convert for my iPod Classic and iPhone. Videora worked OK for awhile, but does not deliver outstanding looking files at the top settings my devices can handle. I'd love to be able to watch this stuff on a TV. Is that just what I have to live with? Only looking good on tiny screens? I've tried other converters and they are even worse. Will my DVD-R's ever look good when converted to play on a TV?
Posted by george in Toronto on November 26, 2008 at 9:24 AM (CST)
Even when I've downloaded the 32-bit version handbrake 9.4 (the only version offered) for OS 10.5, it still gives me an error message that VLC is 32-bit, but handbrake is 64. VLC isn't yet offering a 64-bit version. Can't seem to track down the 0.8.5 version.
Posted by Nedlog in Toronto on January 24, 2010 at 6:45 PM (CST)
If I use Handbrake to encode a USA DVD for an Ipod Classic or Touch, will it play thru "TV out" (with the Apple Cable), to a UK TV set if the Ipod out is set to "Pal"?
I wish to play my Ipod videos on a larger screen while in the UK this summer.
Posted by Ernie Wilson in Toronto on January 27, 2010 at 7:16 PM (CST)
I've found the quality is terrible on all of these Handbrake, Streamclip.
I'm not sure why, but you left out the very best way to rip a DVD on a mac. I've found this product to be much easier than any of the software mentioned. It's called DVDxDV and it's all I use now.
Posted by Jhover in Toronto on October 16, 2011 at 1:23 PM (CDT)
@12, Yes, it may cause quality loss problem on Handbrake,Streamclip,etc. But I finally found the one without this problem. It is kvisoft video converter for mac. It's kind of all-in-one converter.I can use it to rip and burn CD/DVD, plus converting videos from one formt to others. I am hapy to share with people.
Posted by Kalitree in Toronto on March 14, 2013 at 2:24 AM (CDT)
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text:
for some journaling.. I made it from my old art journal - which I didn't use any more and it had a loooot of plain, not used pages left. I ripped them out of the cover and made a new book from them. I really need to change things quite often because I get bored easily.
Now I am more inspired and I journal more often! :)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Note: This recipe, created by Sakari Clendinen of the U.S. Virgin Islands, won a national contest and was served at a White House lunch for kids. Get a cold blast of fruity-creamy goodness with her Passion Fruit-Banana Smoothie. (If you try this recipe, get a grownup's help because it requires using a knife and the blender.)
Prep time: 15 minutes
Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD
Date Reviewed: 14-09-2013


text:
Another interesting drift is the use of the word "data" (plural) verse "datum" (singular).
"The data is" rather than "The data are"
Interesting it is, still a mistake though. I use it as a plural.
As for purity of language, don't complain please. It's English that bastardizes many other languages . Single words aren't so irritating as "engrish" grammar monsters which I often see in the commercials, or in the shops. The language of marketing, especially cosmetics, is littered with very wrong uses of Polish and English together. I had a laugh, though, when in early nineties there was a blackcurrant juice named "Black Dick". Changed later to "Black Bick". I imagine the face of the company boss when someone explained him that double meaning.
Big blunders like that don't happen so often since English use has spread, I've seen some interesting things in the country though: "Chicken z rozna, open cala dobe". (Barbecue chicken, open the whole day). Or "Mega cena" (mega price), which is supposed to mean that the price is low. Etc, etc...
Edited by Telomerase, 22 August 2009 - 05:14 AM.


text:
Now see here, you Yanks. This whole iPhone concept...it's just not cricket. You plebes may fall victim to the seductive powers of Sir Steven Jobs, with his shiny expensive bobs and brickabrack, but we Brits are made of tougher stuff. You won't find it so easy fobbing off your gadgety thingies on us, by Jove. Just look at the pittance of iPhone activations made since launching here in the UK, something like 26,500? Mere truffles, I tell you. The queen has more diamond studs in her dinner gown. Knickers!
Now do go on and take your toys elsewhere, or Parliament will have to reassess the terms its peace treaty with you and reclaim lost territory. We wouldn't want to start an "incident" now would we? There's a good chaps.


text:
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Thursday, August 14, 2008
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The difference between mass and weight are defined and described in this student-lead NASA eClips segment. The resource also includes a lesson that contains a pre- and post-test, and an activity using the Frayer model. The Real World series of NASA... (View More) eClips™ connects classroom mathematics to 21st century careers and innovations and are designed for students to develop an appreciation for mathematics through real-world problem solving. (View Less)
The difference between heat and temperature is explained through this student-lead NASA eClips segment, along with a lesson which includes a pre- and post-test, and an activity using the Frayer model. The Real World series of NASA eClips™ connects... (View More) classroom mathematics to 21st century careers and innovations and are designed for students to develop an appreciation for mathematics through real-world problem-solving. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Students will test various materials to determine if any can shield their "magnetometer" (compass) from an external magnetic field using their own experimental design. If no suitable material is available, they will devise another method to protect... (View More) their instrument. Includes background science for the teacher, worksheets, adaptations and extensions. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are also identified. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $10 - $20 per group of students
This afterschool curriculum includes six lessons plus supplementary materials (e.g., videos, PowerPoint presentations, and images) that explore how light from the electromagnetic spectrum is used as a tool for learning about the Sun. The curriculum... (View More) is designed to be flexible to meet the needs of afterschool programs and includes recommendations for partial implementation based on time constraints. It was specifically designed to engage girls in science. (View Less)
This is the first module in the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Project Suite curriculum. Activities are self-directed by students or student teams using online videos and data from the SDO satellite to explore, research and build knowledge about... (View More) features of the Sun. Students build vocabulary, apply or demonstrate learning through real world connections, and creating resources to use in their investigations. Each activity comes with both a teacher and student guide with sequential instructions and embedded links to the needed videos and internet resources. Activity 1A: Structure of the Earth's Star takes students through the features and function of the Sun's structures using online videos, completing a "Sun Primer" data sheet using information from the videos, and creating a 3D origami model of the Sun. Students use a KWL chart to track what they have learned. Activity 1B: Observing the Sun has students capture real solar images from SDO data to find and record sunspots and track their movement across the surface of the Sun. Activity 1C has students create a pin-hole camera to use in calculating the actual diameter of the Sun, and then calculate scales to create a Earth-Sun scale model. Students reflect on their learning and results at the end of the module. An internet connection and access to computers are needed to complete this module. See related and supplementary resources for link to full curriculum. The appendix includes an alignment to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5
This is an activity about electromagnetism and the Sun. First, learners will do a KWL activity using six vocabulary words. Next, they will build an electromagnet and investigate how it works. Finally, learners will relate the workings of their... (View More) electromagnet to a Solar Dynamics Observatory magnetogram image of the Sun. Per group of learners, this activity requires materials such as a length of insulated wire, alligator clips, a 2-D-battery holder, two D-batteries, and a nail. (View Less)
This is a lesson about the solar wind, Earth's magnetosphere, and the Moon. Participants will work in groups of two or three to build a model of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. They will use the model to demonstrate that the Earth is protected from... (View More) particles streaming out of the Sun, called the solar wind, by a magnetic shield called the magnetosphere, and that the Moon is periodically protected from these particles as it moves in its orbit around the Earth. Participants will also learn that the NASA ARTEMIS mission is a pair of satellites orbiting the Moon that measure the intensity of solar particles streaming from the Sun. (View Less)
This is a book about the importance of the Sun's energy as it relates to its impact on the Earth's environment. Learners will read or listen to a story about a young boy, Joshua, who finds out that the Sun provides the Earth with energy in the... (View More) form of light and heat, which is necessary for all forms of life, for maintaining Earth's environment, and for allowing humans to produce their own forms of energy. Additionally, an extension activity is included, Searching for the Sun, where learners can conduct a hands-on experiment observing how plants grow towards sunlight in order to make conclusions about why the Sun's energy is a necessary component for life. Reading and vocabulary activities are also included. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free per group of students
This is a lesson about magnetism in solar flares. Learners will map magnetic fields around bar magnets and investigate how this configuration relates to magnetic fields of sunspots. This activity requires compasses, bar magnets, and a equipment for... (View More) the instructor to project a PowerPoint or pdf lecture presentation. This is Activity 1 in the Exploring Magnetism in Solar Flares teachers guide. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
This is lesson to begin learners' thinking about magnetic influence. Learners will watch a classroom demonstration about the effect of magnets on iron filings and then complete a journal assignment to record their reactions and thoughts. This is the... (View More) first activity in the Mapping Magnetic Influence educators guide. (View Less)


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From the Program Director, Dr. Beatriz Lado
The interdisciplinary program in linguistics offers a major in Linguistics leading to a B.A. Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language and how language is acquired, understood, and used. The program in Linguistics will prepare students for graduate study in theoretical and applied linguistics and for careers in the teaching of linguistics and applied linguistics, including the teaching of English as a Second Language.
The minor in Linguistics may be of special interest to students in anthropology, computer science, English, foreign languages and literatures, mathematics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, speech communication, pre-law, and speech-language pathology. A minor in Linguistics may also be an excellent choice for students in educational programs.
The Tower of Babel (Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1563)
The story of the building of the Tower of Babel was that all speakers in the whole earth had one language and few words. As the tower was being built, God decided that people should speak different languages (Genesis chapters 10 and 11). Over time, people could not understand one another and moved apart before the building was completed. The incomplete building was called the Tower of Babel. Babel means "confusion," given that people now spoke different languages and could not understand one another. On the other hand, the presence of different languages in the world is what makes the study of linguistics exciting.
Beatriz Lado, Director of Linguistics and Assistant Professor, Department of Languages and Literatures


text:
|Read-only operations
|Read/write operations
get hypervisor type
get version
get hostname
get URI
get num CPUs
list VMs
list networks
get VM CPU stats
suspend VM
resume VM
shutdown VM
destroy VM
coredump VM
create VM
change CPU pinning
The question is, what happens if a program tries to call a destructive operation using just a read-only connection? The answer, naturally, is that libvirt throws a runtime error if you try this.
Wouldn't it be nicer if the compiler could find these sorts of errors? That way you could be sure that your compiled program was completely correct, and there wasn't some sort of dark corner of untested code which might fail in rare circumstances. For the OCaml bindings to libvirt that was exactly the sort of guarantee I wanted to make, and to do it I used a language feature which is often thought of as being confusing or highly expert (but in fact is neither of those) ... phantom types.
Before we can understand phantom types, we need to set up a little bit of background: firstly asking what sort of errors is it conceivable for the compiler to find, and secondly understanding a bit more about polymorphic types and variants (which are the toolbox we use to construct phantom types).
Compile time or run time?
To ask if phantom types are useful we need to know first if they are applicable to our problem. Phantom types find only compile time errors. Let's understand what a compile time error could be in libvirt:
let conn = Libvirt.Connect.connect_readonly ()
let dom = Libvirt.Domain.lookup_by_name conn "test"
Libvirt.Domain.destroy dom (* fail! *)
Clearly here the dom ("domain" = virtual machine) is derived from a read-only connection (conn), so the call to destroy must fail. It is also clear that the compiler can trivially know that conn / dom are read-only, because of the special connect_readonly call.
Contrast that with the following code:
printf "Connect read-only?" ;;
let readonly_flag = read_line () = "y"
let conn = Libvirt.Connect.open readonly_flag
(* etc. *)
Now the compiler cannot possibly predict what the user will type in at runtime, so this is not a situation where the compiler or phantom types can help. (The Libvirt.Connect.open call is one I just made up, it's not a real call precisely because of this problem).
So libvirt has two separate calls to create connections, connect_readonly which makes read-only connections and connect which makes read/write connections. The connections returned have different but compatible types, and because of this "compatibility" the connections can still be passed to the common non-destructive functions. Even more amazingly, the extra "is read/write" flag which is attached to the connection simply disappears at runtime, which means there is zero loss of efficiency when using phantom types (I'll explain a bit more about that below).
It's important to keep a very clear distinction in your head about what happens at compile time versus what happens at run time.
Mysterious polymorphic types
You may be familiar with polymorphic types such as
'a list, lists of any type, where
'a (pronounced alpha) stands for all types. Here's another example of a polymorphic type, a structure which contains a "free" field that can store any particular type:
type 'a t = { data : 'a }
We can make a structure containing string data for example. Notice its type:
# { data = "hello" } ;;
- : string t = {data = "hello"}
What is perhaps not so well known is that you can add extra polymorphism to any type you like, even when it doesn't seem to need it.
This just makes
t an alias for the floating point type:
type t = float
But the following (legal) definition is much more mysterious:
type 'a t = float
What does it do, and how can you create anything of this type? The answer is that any float has this type, as you can prove very easily in the OCaml toplevel:
# (3.0 : unit t);;
- : unit t = 3.
# (10.4 : string t);;
- : string t = 10.4
Because the
'a isn't needed, it can be set to any type (unit and string in the examples above).
This isn't yet the "phantom" type though. It's tempting to think we could write a function which only works on
string t (I'll call them "stringies"):
# let add_stringies (a : string t) (b : string t) = (a +. b : string t) ;;
val add_stringies : string t -> string t -> string t = <fun>
But in fact this function does not work!
# add_stringies (3.0 : unit t) 5.0 ;;
- : string t = 8.
This is because
unit t and
string t can be freely unified with each other because the compiler knows that both are really just floats:
# ((3.0 : unit t) : string t) ;;
- : string t = 3.
To prevent this "rogue" unification and allow us to write a function like
add_stringies correctly, we have to hide the real type of
t inside a module, like this:
module T : sig
type 'a t
val add_stringies : string t -> string t -> string t
end = struct
type 'a t = float
let add_stringies a b = a +. b
Module T is completely useless by the way, it's just setting the stage for ...
Phantom types
OCaml might have saved NASA from losing a $125 million space probe if only they'd had the following Length module which prevents programmers from mixing imperial and metric measurements:
module Length : sig
type 'a t
val meters : float -> [`Meters] t
val feet : float -> [`Feet] t
val (+.) : 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t
val to_float : 'a t -> float
end = struct
type 'a t = float
external meters : float -> [`Meters] t = "%identity"
external feet : float -> [`Feet] t = "%identity"
let (+.) = (+.)
external to_float : 'a t -> float = "%identity"
open Length
open Printf
let () =
let m1 = meters 10. in
let m2 = meters 20. in
printf "10m + 20m = %g\n" (to_float (m1 +. m2));
let f1 = feet 40. in
let f2 = feet 50. in
printf "40ft + 50ft = %g\n" (to_float (f1 +. f2));
(*printf "10m + 50ft = %g\n" (to_float (m1 +. f2)) (* error *) *)
(Try compiling and running this, then try uncommenting the very last line and compiling it again).
Just for readability, we're using polymorphic variant types instead of the basic types (unit and string from the previous section). This allows us to substitute meaningful type names like
[`Meters] t which I hope is obvious as to what it contains. It also means the error messages from the compiler will be easy to read - that's important because we are expecting to get a compiler error each time the programmer makes a mistake.
Now look at the functions we have:
Two functions (
meters and
feet) convert floating point numbers into meters or feet respectively. But the implementation of these functions is completely efficient. They're just the identity operation (which the compiler turns into a null operation). At compile time, the values have this extra type information. But at run time the overhead evaporates completely. At run time, these are just floats.
The addition function is constrained:
'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t. This means you can use it on two meter measurements, or two feet measurements, but you cannot mix meters and feet. Furthermore the return type is the same as the input types, so this safety cascades through all code.
Finally we need a way to extract and print the results. I've included a rather naive
to_float function, but for better safety we'd probably want to define special print functions which ensure that the output indicates the correct type back to the user.
Let's go back to our read-only/-write connections from the beginning. Remember that simple non-destructive status functions are safe for anyone to call, but destructive functions must only be used when you have a read/write connection. To express this we will use a slightly different feature of polymorphic variants, that is being able to express open types using [>...]. A read-only connection will have type
[`Readonly] t and a read/write connection will have type
[`Readonly|`Readwrite] t which means that it's compatible with the read-only type but has the extra read/write ability.
Status functions have type :
[>`Readonly] t -> ... because they work with "read-only or greater".
Here is our module:
module Connection : sig
type 'a t
val connect_readonly : unit -> [`Readonly] t
val connect : unit -> [`Readonly|`Readwrite] t
val status : [>`Readonly] t -> int
val destroy : [>`Readwrite] t -> unit
end = struct
type 'a t = int
let count = ref 0
let connect_readonly () = incr count; !count
let connect () = incr count; !count
let status c = c
let destroy c = ()
open Connection
open Printf
let () =
let conn = connect_readonly () in
printf "status = %d\n" (status conn);
(*destroy conn; (* error *) *)
let conn = connect () in
printf "status = %d\n" (status conn);
destroy conn
Again, after compiling this, try uncommenting the rogue call to
destroy and notice that the error is caught by the compiler.
Here's another example, again it comes from actual deployed code. A "memory map" is a view into the memory of a virtual machine. When we first load a memory map we don't know anything about the endianness or word size of the virtual machine. We have to inspect the memory map first to determine endianness (little or big endian) and word size (32 or 64 bit pointers). Once we've determined both, we offer additional operations which work on the integers and pointers contained in the memory map.
So there are four "subtypes" (states?) of memory map, summarized in the diagram on the left.
Can we use phantom types to ensure that the transitions happen before specific calls are allowed? Yes we can!
We start by defining our phantom type. This is how it appears in the module signature (the
mli file). The specifics of the implementation (from the
ml file) aren't important here. Note that because there are two degrees of freedom (word size and endianness), there are two phantom types attached to
type ('a,'b) t
The basic
of_file function makes a memory map from a file descriptor and base address. It returns a memory map with no word size or endianness, which is pretty clearly expressed in the return type:
val of_file : Unix.file_descr -> addr -> ([`NoWordsize], [`NoEndian]) t
Some functions work with any memory map, whether or not word size and endianness have been set. For example, the
find function searches for strings in the memory map:
val find : ('a, 'b) t -> ?start:addr -> string -> addr option
A related function is
find_align which finds strings that are aligned to the word size. This function cares that word size has been set, but not endianness, and its type is therefore:
val find_align : ([`Wordsize], 'b) t -> ?start:addr -> string -> addr option
find_pointer function looks for pointers appearing in the memory map. Pointers have both endianness and word size implicitly, so this function can only be used when both have been set on the memory map. Its type is:
val find_pointer : ([`Wordsize], [`Endian]) t -> ?start:addr -> addr ->
addr option
Finally of course we need a way to supply the word size and endianness to the memory map. Detecting these is a difficult and drawn-out process, so our main code will set each one individually by calling the following two functions:
val set_wordsize : ([`NoWordsize], 'b) t -> wordsize ->
([`Wordsize], 'b) t
val set_endian : ('a, [`NoEndian]) t -> endian ->
('a, [`Endian]) t
The compiler guarantees here are quite strict. Although the programmer can call the functions in either order, they must call each function only once. And of course the programmer won't be allowed to call functions like
find_pointer until they have called both
set_wordsize and
set_endian exactly once (although the order they call the functions doesn't matter).
Personally I think this is a pretty awesome language feature. I'm not sure if any other non-functional languages can make these sorts of guarantees at compile time. (Perhaps Eiffel?)
One interesting thing is that the implementation of the memory map still has runtime checks in those functions (such as
find_pointer) which need it. But you can be sure that the runtime checks will never fail. An improvement to the code would be to write it so it doesn't need any runtime checks at all.
Runtime and phantom types
My final example with phantom types will be to explain how to add runtime checks back in. Some situations simply cannot be checked at compile time, yet don't represent errors. For example in mlvirsh users can open read-only or read/write connections to the hypervisor. We deal with this by adding a limited amount of dynamic typing back into the system:
type conn_t =
| No_connection
| RO of Libvirt.ro Libvirt.Connect.t
| RW of Libvirt.rw Libvirt.Connect.t
Of course we need to also add runtime checks into the program.
I will argue that this is an acceptable trade-off and still much better than languages which only do dynamic typing. We get the benefits of static types / early compiler errors when it's possible to check for them, but we can slip back to dynamic typing in the situations where it's necessary. Out of the entire suite of virt tools, just one (mlvirsh) needs runtime types.


text:
British Columbia DrPH Public Health Campus Programs
PhD and DrPH Public Health on Campus Programs may appeal to students seeking a social learning setting and advanced knowledge and proficiency in areas such as epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. Whether you aspire to a leadership role in science or in healthcare, a doctorate degree in Public Health warrants consideration. Find out about the different terminal degrees awarded in the field, and how to find accredited Public Health Graduate Schools to suit your academic and vocational needs.
PhD and DrPH Public Health Campus: Program Basics
PhD and DrPH Public Health programs generally build on the competencies of a traditional Master of Science or Master of Public Health Degree (biostatistics, epidemiology, environmental health, health policy and health administration, social and behavioral services).[i]
Aside from core courses which can amount to about 48 credit hours of required public health study, students may have to choose a minor in 1 of the (above-specified) 5 specific public health disciplines and fulfill a dissertation requirement.Some doctoral students may be able to complete the program in 3 years if they enroll as full time students; this may vary as may the credit requirements.
DID YOU KNOW? 52% of professionals with job titles such as International Health Director, Policy Analyst, Foundation Program Director or Research Scientist have a Doctoral Degree (O'Net).[ii]
Potential Features of On Campus PhD and DrPH Public Health Programs
Chances are if you are looking into Public Health Graduate Schools, you are considering whether to look into an online or on-campus program. Since some Public Health Doctoral Programs are interdisciplinary, it may be to your advantage to have the research facilities or laboratories of different faculties all in one location. If you don't need a lab, and you are learning how to interact at high levels of organizations with other leaders, the benefit to an on campus PhD and DrPH Public Health Program may be just that – cultivating interpersonal relationships in real time and engaging with other like-minded students. Plus, working on a dissertation involves lots of research and meetings with supervisors – when you get to go from class to the library to a meeting, it may be quite an effective use of time.
To review sponsored listings for PhD and DrPH Public Health Degrees, choose your subject or search by location to find public health graduate schools in the city, state, or country that you prefer.
What is the Difference Between a PhD and DrPH?
Some Public Health Graduate Schools offer a variety of degrees but they typically fall under either academic or professional categories. The two main Doctoral Degrees in Public Health are the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Public Health; typically, the DrPH is regarded as a professional leadership degree and Ph.D. as more of an academic degree.[iii] Choosing one over the over is a question of your personal ambitions; what type of role are you looking for? What are your interests?
PhD in Public Health Programs
For those who enjoy scholarly research and science, studying trends and behavior or analyzing policy, the PhD in Public Health Degree may be a good fit. This is an advanced degree in research training, theory and methodology. Most Public Health PhD programs emphasize knowledge and competency in statistical methods and research design. This type of doctoral program requires a research-based dissertation.
Graduates holding a PhD usually have a comprehensive understanding of both research methods and the application of these methods to real-world issues which could include[iv]:
- Global Public Health
- Poverty
- Hunger and Food Security
- Health and Education
- Gender Equality
- Water and Sanitation
DrPH Programs
For those who are interested in a professional-practical degree the DrPH may be a good fit. The DrPH degree is often designed for current or potential future administrators and practitioners who have some years of field experience beyond the MPH degree. As an advanced professional degree emphasizing leadership methods, applications, and applied research, the DrPH typically links theory to case analysis and practice. Its graduates may learn to solve current public health issues using innovative thinking or approaches. This type of doctoral degree requires a dissertation but may have a more applied-research focus.
Specific PhD and DrPH Program Options
Use the navigation on GradSchools.com to find specific doctorate programs in:
- Bioethics
- Epidemiology
- Health Education & Communication
- International Health
- Occupational Health & Safety
Bear in mind that the agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education that is tasked with accreditation for schools of public health and public health graduate programs in the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH).[v] Accreditation assures quality of the academics, the faculty and indicates to employers that your degree is from a legitimate source.
The other customary accreditation agencies to be aware of as you review doctorate public health programs are the six regional accreditation associations that are recognized by the Department of Education. Knowing which agency accredits your graduate school or program depends upon its physical location in the US.
Take the Next Step
Public health is multi-faceted. Whether you feel your calling is as a researcher, epidemiologist or biostatistician, and whether you aspire to make a difference in a local or international community, why not start exploring PhD and DrPH Public Health programs to find one that aligns with your goals!
Sponsored Listings
- Vancouver, BCVancouver, BC
University of British Columbia
Population and Public Health
Students admitted to the M.Sc. degree program must possess a bachelor's degree (or recognized equivalent) in the health sciences or a related area. The program normally requires a minimum of two years of full-time study and a maximum of three years with...


text:
Domestic Offerings
Please browse our available domestic products.
Please browse our available domestic products.
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Toll Free: 1.800.341.1200
Local: 570.343.2454
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HARRISBURG, Pa., Nov. 30, 2017 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — Under new authority granted to the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB) by Act 44 of 2017, the PLCB today announced its Licensee Compliance Program, through which the agency will educate licensees about existing license requirements and suspend the license privileges of licensees who fail to meet those requirements. Act 44 newly […]
Contains Nonbinding Recommendations Draft – Not for Implementation November 2017 This guidance is being distributed for comment purposes only. This guidance document addresses concerns raised by stakeholders regarding the implementation of nutrition labeling required for foods sold in covered establishments*, including expanded and new interpretations of policy. It also clarifies that there are additional options […]


text:
Best Selling Bouquets
Exhall Number
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#amreading Sherlock Holmes, The Australian Casebook, edited by Christopher SequeiraSubmitted by Karen on January 10, 2018 - 12:08pm
I've been dipping into this collection now for a while, working my way through an amazing range of short stories, all set in Australia, written by local authors harking back to the style of Arthur Conan Doyle. As is always the way there's something for everyone in these.
From the Blurb:


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A Grade II for older horses at one mile on turf, the American Handicap is the third of nine races. Post time Saturday is 1 p.m. Gates at Betfair Hollywood Park will open at 9:55 a.m. for simulcasts.
If the Pick Six pool exceeds $200,000 on any of the selected Saturdays – which also include June 1, June 15, June 22, June 29, July 6 and July 13 – there will be $1 Happy Hour food and drink specials offered at Whittingham's Pub and the Betfair Players' Lounge.
Additionally, a single winning ticket – purchased either at Betfair Hollywood Park or through Television Games Network (TVG)- will earn a bonus – a 2013 Toyota Prius courtesy of Toyota of Orange.
Trained by Mike Mitchell for owners Anthony Fanticola and Joe Scardino, Obviously won the Del Mar Mile Handicap and the Arroyo Seco Mile at Santa Anita in succession last year, then concluded his 4-year-old campaign with a third in the Breeders' Cup Mile Nov. 3.
The Irish bred gelding was defeated by two lengths, finishing behind eventual Horse of the Year Wise Dan and 2011 Kentucky Derby winner Animal Kingdom.
A son of Chosir and the Montjeu mare Leala, Obviously has won six of 13 and earned $578,361. He is seeking his first win at Betfair Hollywood Park. The bay finished third in the 2012 Cool Frenchy over Cushion Track, then was second in a pair of turf sprints – a $62,000 allowance last June 3 and the Robert K. Kerlan Memorial Handicap July 1.
Sidelined after the Breeders' Cup Mile, Obviously returned April 20 at Santa Anita, finishing second behind Chips All In as the 11-10 favorite in the Grade III San Simeon Stakes at about 6 ½ furlongs on turf.
Hall of Fame trainer Jerry Hollendorfer will be represented by Chosen Miracle.
Owned by Peter Abruzzo and John Carver, the 5-year-old son of Ghostzapper and the In Excess mare Royally Chosen finished directly behind Obviously in the San Simeon.
Chosen Miracle has won five of 14 and banked $225,794. He is 1-for-1 over the Betfair Hollywood Park grass, winning an optional claimer at 1 1/16 miles last Dec. 8.
A Group I winner as a 3-year-old in France, Lucayan will make his United States debut for Pandora Stud and Hall of Fame trainer Neil Drysdale.
Successful at 27-1 in the French 2000 Guineas May 13, 2012 at Longchamp, Lucayan has been away since finishing last in the Group II Qatar Prix Daniel Wildenstein last Oct. 6.
A French-bred son of Turtle Bowl and the Grand Lodge mare La Vitava, Lucayan has won three of eight and earned $405,275. Drysdale will be aiming his fourth American victory, having already won with Man From Eldorado (1992), Silver Wizard (1995) and Labeeb (1996).
Trainer John Sadler, who won the 2008 American with 29-1 shot Whatsthescript, will send out Barocci Saturday.
Owned by Hronis Racing LLC, the 5-year-old son of Deep Impact and the Giant's Causeway mare Bastet, won an optional claimer in his Betfair Hollywood Park debut April 28.
The victory was the third in 14 starts for the Japanese bred and pushed his earnings to $213,952.
The lineup is completed by Drill and Racing Aptitude, both trained by Hall of Famer Bob Baffert.
Owned by Mike Pegram, Karl Watson and Paul Weitman, Drill will be making only his second start on turf in the American. The Lawyer Ron colt finished fourth in the San Simeon, 2 ¼ lengths behind Chips All In.
Out of the Storm Cat mare Cat Dancer, Drill has won four of 15 and earned $455,960. He is 0-for-4 since capturing the Grade III Lazaro Barrera Memorial over Cushion Track May 12, 2012/
Bred by owner Don Dizney, Racing Aptitude will be making his initial start since winning an optional claimer last Aug. 30 at Del Mar.
The 5-year-old Aptitude gelding out of the Saint Ballado mare Ecclesiastes has four wins in 15 starts and a bankroll of $215,970. Three of his wins have come in eight appearances on turf.
From inside out, the field for the American Handicap: Lucayan, Julien Leparoux rides, 118 pounds; Obviously, Joe Talamo, 121; Barocci, Victor Espinoza, 114; Chosen Miracle, Edwin Maldonado, 116; Racing Aptitude, Martin Garcia, 114 and Drill, Rafael Bejarano, 115.


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Our Fitness Blog
March Madness: Bust Your Gut, Not Your Bracket
Let's get real here for a minute and talk about basketball, beer, and bar food. That's right, March Madness is upon us and the struggle to make fitness a priority is very, very real. Americans drink an estimated 220 million gallons of beer, devour over 120 million chicken wings, and inhale 55 million slices of pizza over the course of the NCAA basketball tournament! So how do we balance wings and workouts, brackets and beer, and still come out a winner?
Get Fit, Not Fat
Drinking games have their time and place, but we've got a better (read: healthier!) way to watch your bracket and your waistline. Rather than raising a glass for every dunk, three-pointer and game-winning bucket, how about a few front kicks, planks, or burpees instead? We don't recommend this if you're watching from a Buffalo Wild Wings, but if you're watching the action unfold at home, check out the 9Round March Madness Fitness Challenge! We've combined basketball and 9Round to create an interactive March Madness experience that will help you stay fit in the postseason.
Make Substitutions
The basketball court isn't the only place where substitutions are required to bring home a win. Whether you're enjoying the games at home or at the pub around the corner, there are smarter nutritional choices that you can make without ruining the party! We've given you a few ideas below for some healthy substitutions, and 9Round members can access even more great nutrition tips and recipe ideas in their online member portal.
Take a TV Time-Out
It's easy to get swept up in the thrill of March Madness, we get it, you don't want to miss a minute of the action. But setting aside just 30 minutes for a workout can help wipe out some of those dietary indiscretions. Fortunately for you, 9Round has perfected the model on 30-minute, gut busting workouts that will have you burning maximum calories in just three sessions a week! You can easily fit a workout in between games, or on off-days and keep your fitness on-track this postseason. 9Round trainers, PULSE™ heart rate tracking technology, and the online member portal (full of fitness tips and nutritional information) will help you blast those Final Four pounds, reach the Sweet 16, and beyond! Now is a great time to stop in and try your first 9Round workout for free.


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Boulder Ensemble Theatre Company Presents HOW THE WORLD BEGAN, 11/1-18
Boulder Ensemble Theatre Company presents the Regional Premiere of HOW THE WORLD BEGAN by Catherine Trieschmann.
In the aftermath of a deadly tornado, a flippant remark about the origins of life brings further chaos to a small Kansas town. As a big-city biology teacher and her troubled small-town student doggedly battle over their divergent beliefs, How the World Began explores faith, grief, and fear and highlights the nature of the chasms that divide our culture and our country.How the World Began is directed by BETC Producing Ensemble Director Stephen Weitz and features Guest Artists Emily Paton Davies, Ryan Wuestawald and Chris Kendall. How the World Began runs November 1 – 18, with opening night celebration set for Friday, November 2. The regular run continues Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays @ 7:30pm, Sundays @ 4:00pm at The Dairy Center for the Arts, 2590 Walnut Street, Boulder.
Tickets at 303.444.7328 or www.TheDairy.org. Thrifty Thursdays – All tickets $15 on Thursday nights! Visit www.BETC.org for more information. The mission of the Boulder Ensemble Theatre Company (BETC) is to expose, to entertain, to educate, and to inspire our audiences with the powerful, transformational potential of theatre. BETC stages plays that chronicle the human condition. We target an audience of adults and young adults in Boulder County and surrounding areas through production of contemporary plays, regional and world premieres, and revisited classics. Through our professional theatrical productions, we alter our community's cultural perceptions and provoke discussion beyond theatre's boundaries. BETC arose in 2005 as Oddball Players with our inaugural production, An Evening of Plays. In our first full season as BETC, we presented two productions: Anouilh's Antigone, and two one-acts by Tony and Pulitzer winner John Patrick Shanley, Danny and the Deep Blue Sea and Savage in Limbo. Additionally, we presented Week #22 of the world premiere of Suzan-Lori Parks' 365 Days / 365 Plays. Season 2 featured Tennessee Williams' American masterpiece, The Glass Menagerie, the austere and thought provoking Copenhagen by Michael Frayn, and the madcap, sidesplitting comedy, The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (abridged). Our production of Danny and the Deep Blue Sea was honored with a 2007 Denver Post Ovation award nomination for Best Drama, and Complete Works was nominated for the 2008 Ovation Best Comedy Award. Season 3 began with the Regional Premiere of Neil LaBute's Fat Pig and continued with Stop Kiss by Diana Son. The season concluded with the World Premiere of Morisot Reclining by acclaimed local playwright, William C. Kovacsik. Morisot Reclining was recognized with a Best New Play Nomination as part of the 2009 Colorado Theatre Guild Henry Awards and Denver Post Ovation Awards. Season 4 kicked off with the Regional Premiere of Cormac McCarthy's haunting play, The Sunset Limited followed by our first holiday production, The SantaLand Diaries by David Sedaris. The season closed with The Clean House by Sarah Ruhl. The Clean House received awards for Best Actress in a Comedy and Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy from Boulder's Daily Camera. Season 5, our first four-show season, opened with the Tony and Pulitzer award-winning drama, Doubt, by John Patrick Shanley and was followed by a remount of The SantaLand Diaries. Season 5 concluded with two Regional Premieres, a three-person adaptation of Crime and Punishment by Marilyn Campbell and Curt Columbus and An Empty Plate in the Cafe du Grand Boeuf by Michael Hollinger. Season 6 started with the Regional Premiere of Mauritius by Theresa Rebeck, followed by 'version 3.0' of The SantaLand Diaries. Season 6 concluded with the regional premiere of Shipwrecked! An Entertainment: The Amazing Adventures of Louis de Rougemont (as Told by Himself) by Donald Margulies and Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde by Moises Kaufman.


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NEW YORK (Reuters) - New Yorkers, who live in the city that famously never sleeps, now can satisfy their craving for cupcakes in any of those endless waking hours.
A 24-hour vending machine that dispenses gourmet cupcakes opened for business this week on Manhattan's Upper East Side, and locals are lining up despite the wintry temperatures for a taste.
"It's so fun," said Melissa Martelli, a schoolteacher and neighborhood resident as she nibbled on a cinnamon sugar cupcake she bought from the machine. "You could just go in the store and wait on line, but it's just so cool."
Despite the Sprinkles cupcake store connected to the ATM, and the city's abundance of all-night delis and convenience stores, customers said the ATM has novelty appeal.
"It's the experience of buying a cupcake from an ATM. It's an incredible concept," said Amy Benaderet, a financial services account manager who lives nearby. "You can get money at any time. Now you can get cupcakes at any time."
"It'll be interesting to see if the novelty wears off," she added.
At a price of $4.25 apiece, the cupcake choices include chocolate, coconut, red velvet, vanilla and lemon meringue.
"It's cool, especially if you live around here and it's like the middle of the night and you really want a cupcake. I would so do that," said Margarita Mazur, who works at a local tech startup.
The nine-year-old company behind the machine, Sprinkles, also has installed cupcake machines in Las Vegas, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta and Beverly Hills, California, where the company is based, and plans to expand into Houston and Washington, D.C.
The New York model holds 760 cupcakes and sells up to four at a time, making it larger than the company's other machines.
But not every New Yorker has caught the sugar buzz.
"I think it's stupid," said Anthony Campagne, who was waiting while his tech company co-workers stood in line for their cupcakes. "It just doesn't make sense. People don't need cupcakes at three in the morning."
Editing by Scott Malone and Andrew Hay


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Crazy Lady On The Bus In LA Arguing With A Man For Speaking Tongues! "You Can Call Me The Devil"
Submitted by tishaya
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Coffee, Comfort, and Community
Overlooking beautiful Granite Creek, the Wild Iris Coffeehouse is locally owned and operated in Downtown Prescott, Arizona just one block off the Historic Prescott Square and its famous Whiskey Row. We are Prescott's picturesque coffeehouse serving fantastic coffee, espresso and tea.
We offer amazing coffee and loose leaf tea, scrumptious made from scratch pastries, desserts, light lunch fare and more baked right on the premises! You can enjoy all of this inside our warm and cozy historic building or you outside in our secluded courtyard surrounded by mature trees and listen to the delightful sounds of Granite Creek.


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Ocean salmon fishing to open May 1 in north coast waters
Horse Mountain to the Oregon border encompasses the mouth of the Klamath River region, Crescent City, Humboldt Bay and Shelter Cove.
While the rest of the state's ocean waters opened to salmon fishing Easter weekend, the upper reach of the state remained closed.
For those who don't mind the extra drive to the far north state, the California Fish and Game Commission recently adopted May 1 as the season-opening date for this region.
Big numbers of salmon are predicted this year, hence the earliest opening date for this region since the early 1990s. The higher numbers are expected to be reflected in catches and for those escaping hooks, making their spawning run to the various rivers.
The limit in this final stretch of California waters, as it is throughout all ocean waters, is two Chinook salmon. Coho, or silver salmon, aren't allowed in the catch.
The minimum size in waters from Horse Mountain to the Oregon border is 20 inches. South of Point Arena, the minimum size is 24 inches.
Party boat operators are mandated to know all rules and regulations. If you have a boat and are unsure, consult the DFG website at www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/oceansalmon.asp.
Inland salmon regulations are set
The CFGC also adopted the regulation package for inland-water salmon fishing.
If the ocean fishery is as good as the predictions, there will be a much more intense interest in fishing for salmon in local rivers than in recent years. The daily limit remains two Chinooks, except if you fish the Klamath or Trinity rivers, where the daily limit is four with eight total in possession. A Salmon Harvest Card also is required if you fish the Klamath or Trinity. Visit the DFG website at www.dfg.ca.gov/regulations.
Sacramento River: The season in the upper section of the river, from Anderson to the Red Bluff Diversion Dam, runs from Aug. 1 through Dec. 16. From the Lower Red Bluff boat ramp to the Highway 113 bridge near Knights Landing, season dates are July 16 through Dec. 16. From the Carquinez Bridge upriver to the Highway 113 bridge at Knights Landing, you can fish for salmon from July 16 through Dec. 16.
Feather River: From July 16 through Oct. 15 from the boat ramp above Thermalito Afterbay Outfall downstream to 200 yards above the Live Oak boat ramp; July 16 through Dec. 16 for the rest of the Feather River, from the mouth upriver to 200 yards above the Live Oak boat ramp.
American River: From July 16 through Dec. 31 from Nimbus Dam to the Hazel Avenue Bridge; from July 16 through Aug. 15 from the Hazel Avenue Bridge downriver to the gauging station near the Nimbus Hatchery; from July 16 through Oct. 31 from the gauging station near the Nimbus Hatchery downriver to the Sacramento Municipal Utility District power line crossing near Ancil Hoffman Park; and July 16 through Dec. 16 in the final stretch of the American River, from the Power Lines near Ancil Hoffman Park downriver to the mouth of the river.
Current fishing
It was a week of great weather. There's a short glitch in that weather pattern this week, but the weather again turns good.
Ocean salmon: The fishing has been outstanding. Boats powering out of San Francisco Bay — Emeryville, Berkeley, Sausalito, etc. — are finding excellent numbers. Some boats limit out while others may get a fish a round for all. No real smokers in the catches, but keepers have been running eight to 15 pounds.
Local rivers: Stripers, stripers and stripers. Miller Park to Knights Landing on the Sacramento River and from the mouth of the Feather River upriver to the Bear River are experiencing great rod-bending action. Bait, trolling a variety of plugs and drifting big minnows, is working. Don't be discouraged with the seemingly never-ending number of shakers working on your bait, especially those soaking bait at anchor. Keepers are in there, too.
Lake Pardee: Most trollers put the hammer down right out of the Rec Area Cove and head directly for the mouth of the river. Trolling here has been great for trout and kokanee. Others head upriver to Twin Coves, Deer Island or Columbia Gulch. Trout and kokes remain close to the surface so keep your rig in the top 25 feet.
It may not be limits for the shore bound, but trout catching has remained decent. Garlic-flavored Power Bait and eggs in yellow and chartreuse remain the top attractors. The cove behind the boathouse, the launch ramp, Porcupine Point and Stony Point Landing have produced.
Have you ever tried bass at Pardee? They have big bass in this water, evidenced by an 11.82-pound largemouth that was checked in at the marina shop and then released. Ultimate Bass, headed by Kent Brown, will be host to a large event April 29.
Lake Camanche: They're still enhancing the fishery by planting truckloads of trout, 2,000 pounds at a time. That means shore fishing, those at anchor and trollers are getting into a decent bite. Those fishing off the points at North Shore have been putting five-pounders on stringers. Those anchoring around the dam, using Power Bait or even grubs, have been tallying good numbers, and those trolling the upper part around the Narrows, Hat Island and the deeper water around the dam, hauling a variety of hardware or even a threaded night crawler, are putting nice 'bows in the box.
Rancho Seco Lake: SMUD was host to its annual spring derby a few weeks ago. The lake was stocked, and certainly not all those trout were caught. Boats are allowed on the lake, but no gas motors. It's a safe place to take the kids for day and weekend outings, as there is limited camping availability. Those casting from shore are soaking Power Bait, crawlers and even Power Eggs to get bit. If you have a boat, haul a set of small flashers with a fly or a crawler and you can troll to get bit. Take red worms. The kids can have a ball fishing for and catching the numerous bluegill.
Bullards Bar: While there was no word on the trout and kokanee bite, the lake also is known for its bass population. Spotted bass are in full spawning mode, and nice spots are being taken. Can't complain when you flip worms or Senkos and tally four- to six- pounders. They're being found from five to 25 feet down.
Contact George deVilbiss at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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The Religious Notes column is published every Saturday to highlight special religious services (fundraisers go in the Calendar). E-mail information to firstname.lastname@example.com, bring in printed information to 30 E. First Ave. or mail it to The Dispatch, P.O. Box 908, Lexington, 27293. Notes must be submitted by noon Wednesday to run the following Saturday. Notes will run no more than two times prior to the event.
The Religious Notes column is published every Saturday to highlight special religious services (fundraisers go in the Calendar). E-mail information to email@example.com, bring in printed information to 30 E. First Ave. or mail it to The Dispatch, P.O. Box 908, Lexington, 27293. Notes must be submitted by noon Wednesday to run the following Saturday. Notes will run no more than two times prior to the event.
@Headline Obits:Buncombe Baptist
The church, 539 Hairston Road, will celebrate its annual Missionary Day at 3 p.m. Sunday. The guest speaker will be the Rev. David Bracken of Jerusalem Baptist Church, Salisbury.
Cid United Methodist
Cid United Methodist Church, 199 Cid Road off N.C. Highway 109 South between Denton and Thomasville, will hold a "Blessing of the Animals" Service outdoors at 11 a.m. Sunday. After the worship service, a covered dish luncheon will be held outdoors at the church.
@Headline Obits:Clearview Baptist
The church, 120 Clearview St., will have The Legendary Easter Brothers in concert at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. Sunday. Lunch will be provided.
First Baptist, Welcome
First Baptist Church, 404 Welcome-Arcadia Road, Welcome, will hold Vacation Bible School from 6-8 p.m. Sunday to Thursday for ages 3 to eighth grade. The theme will be "Colossal Coaster World VBS."
First Lutheran
The church, South State Street, will have Vacation Bible School from 6 until 8:30 p.m. Aug. 12-16 Classes will be provided for children age 4 through grade 5. Register by Aug. 1, either online at www.flclex.org/vacation-bible-school-2013.html or by calling the church office at 248-6018 between the hours of 9 a.m. and noon.
First Missionary Baptist
The Rev. Travis T. Judkins, senior pastor at Mount Olive Missionary Baptist Church, Windsor, will be the guest speaker at the church, 103 Church St., Thomasville, at 11 a.m. Sunday.. Sunday school begins at 9:30 a.m., and Bible study is 7 p.m. each Wednesday.
Meadowview Presbyterian
The church will have its Celebrating Grace service at 6 p.m. July 28.
Mt. Olivet UMC
The church, 1082 Community Road, will host Treasures of the Nile Vacation Bible School from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. Sunday through Thursday. A free meal will be provided for all participants beginning at 5:30. Call 764-9630 for more information.
New Deliverance Worship Center
The church, 204 Beethoven Ave., will celebrate Bishop Kevin Thomas Sr. at 3:30 p.m. Sunday. Guest speaker will be Pastor Brodrick D. Singo of Kingdom Covenant Church, Charlotte.
New Life Worship Center
The gospel choir of the church, 171 Garden Drive, will celebrate its 10th choir anniversary at 3 p.m. July 28. The guest speaker will be Pastor Reginald McConneaughey of God's Tabernacle for Believers of Rockwell. He will be accompanied by his choir and congregation.
On the Wings of a Dove
The church, 25 Union St., will hold Summer Breeze — Prom 2013 from 6 to 11 p.m. Aug. 3 at the Edward C. Smith Civic Center. A Christian comedian and praise dance group will perform. Wear formal or semi-formal attire. Tickets are $20.
Salem Baptist
The church, 231 Robert Everhart Road, will have its 16th pastoral anniversary at 3 p.m. Sunday. Guest speaker will be Bishop S.T. Green of New Hope Holiness Church.
Servant's House Ministry
The church will celebrate its anniversary at 7 p.m. July 26. Guest speaker will be Pastor Gilliam of Winston-Salem.
Shining Light Baptist
Shining Light Independent Baptist Church on Old U.S. Highway 52 will hold its monthly singing at 6 p.m. Saturday with The Bailey Family. For more information, contact Pastor Price at 561-6073.
Tyro Baptist
Tyro Baptist Church, 4084 S. N.C. Highway 150, will hold Vacation Bible School from 6:15-8:15 p.m. Monday to Friday and 5-6:30 p.m. July 28. The theme is "Investigation Destination." Each child will receive a secret agent baggie. There will be snacks, games, crafts, puppets and face painting. Call Ron or Pat Pennino at 250-4007 for more information.
Yadkin Star Baptist
The church, 835 N. Koontz Road, will celebrate its ninth pastoral anniversary at 11 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. July 28. The Rev. Theopolis Carter from the Revelation of Faith, High Point, will be the guest speaker for the 11 a.m. service, and Bishop Steven L. Williams of Goodwill Baptist Church will have the 2:30 p.m. service.


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Even though I'm not really a turkey lover, I do manage to get my fill of the traditional trimmings, such as mashed potatoes and gravy, green bean casserole, stuffing, cranberries, sweet potatoes and more.
I must admit the taste of deep-fried turkey has caused me to consider eating more than my usual quotient of the bird, rather than mainline the ham, which is usually part of the Thanksgiving spread.
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City of Lincoln
Mayor's Office
2006 Media Releases
The Lincoln Parks and Recreation Department is working in Wilderness Park again this winter as part of the ongoing restoration efforts needed to manage the park.
Crews are in the area of the park near First Street and Pioneers Boulevard removing scrub trees that are growing in and around existing stands of bur oaks. Natural Resources Manager Terry Genrich said this promotes the rejuvenation of the bur oaks by opening up the areas, allowing young oak trees to grow. The work will continue through the middle of March. Genrich said precautions are taken to ensure that habitat remains for the wildlife in the area.
Managing the stands of bur oaks continues to be a top priority for a committee of representatives from various groups, who meet several times each year to determine projects important to park management. Future projects include managing areas of prairie, restoring wetlands and removing scrub trees from former farm land to plant as prairies.
Wilderness Park is a 1,475-acre linear park in southwest Lincoln that is owned by Lancaster County and managed by the City. The park's primary purpose is flood protection, but it also provides a natural area for wildlife and public recreation area.
For more information on the park and efforts being made to manage it, call 441-7847 or send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.