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Forms Jobs
Housing Rehabilitation is a part of the Community Development Department.
This program provides financial and technical assistance to qualified owner occupants and investors to repair substandard properties. In targeted areas, low and moderate income owner occupants are eligible for direct and deferred payment loans, and investor owners are eligible for direct payment loans to repair single family dwellings. Investors are also eligible for direct payment loans to repair multifamily properties citywide.
In the Emergency Repair Program, which operates citywide, loans are available to remedy housing conditions, which pose an imminent threat to the occupant's health or safety. Citywide financial assistance is also available to remove architectural barriers to the mobility and accessibility of handicapped persons.
Housing Rehabilitation also administers the Section 3 Construction Training Program Initiative, which is designed to provide opportunities for unskilled and underemployed individuals to obtain skills and knowledge in the construction field, and to increase the number of well-trained construction workers available to meet the hiring needs of local contractors and subcontractors. Emphasis is placed on females interested in nontraditional employment, at-risk young adults (18-35 years old), ex-offenders and homeless individuals.
Section 3 is a policy of the United States Congress, funded through the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), whose purpose is to ensure that the employment and other economic opportunities generated by federal financial assistance for housing and community development programs shall, to the greatest extent feasible, be directed toward low- and very-low-income persons, particularly those who are recipients of government assistance for housing.
The City of Winston Salem has been awarded a three year, $1.1 million grant for YouthBuild. The purpose of YouthBuild is to unleash the positive energy of unemployed young adults to rebuild their communities and their own lives with a commitment to work, education, responsibility and family.
To be eligible, students must be 16-24 years old and must have dropped out of high school. Additionally, eligible participants must meet at least one of the following criteria: current or former foster youth, a youth offender, an adult offender, a youth with a disability, a migrant farm worker youth, a child of an incarcerated parent, or a low-income youth. For further information contact Antonio McKoy, YouthBuild Program Manager, at 336-734-1283.
*These files are in Adobe PDF format. Use the Adobe Reader, a free download.
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South Lyon man finishing bike ride in honor of father
SOUTH LYON, Mich. (AP) -- The son of an avid bicyclist from Michigan who died when a tractor-trailer struck him on a Georgia highway near the end of a cross-country ride plans to finish the journey.
AnnArbor.com and The Detroit News report that Dan Cornell of South Lyon, Mich., plans to arrive in Key West, Fla., on Friday. He will ride with Joseph Muscato, who was injured in the July 26 crash that killed 64-year-old Pete Cornell.
The semi hit Pete Cornell, Muscato and Thomas Clark near Dawson, Ga. Pete Cornell had retired to Port Charlotte, Fla., and had completed most of a trek of thousands of miles that took him through Alaska and many other states. Muscato and Clark are from Michigan.
Dan Cornell and Muscato recently started in Dawson, near the crash scene.

subset: commoncrawl


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The whispers started right away: Was Patrick Soon-Shiong, a Los Angeles billionaire-doctor-philanthropist-businessman, on the shortlist of potential buyers for entertainment giant AEG?
Soon after the company put itself on the block Tuesday, Soon-Shiong representative Chuck Kenworthy confirmed that the mogul "is keenly aware that AEG is in play" and is "interested."
Here, a look into the life of the founder of Abraxis BioScience Inc. who, as of Wednesday, was the 47th-richest person in America and the wealthiest in Los Angeles.
- Soon-Shiong was raised in apartheid South Africa by his Chinese immigrant parents; his father fled China during World War II and practiced traditional Asian medicine. Soon-Shiong was a stellar student in medical school, becoming a doctor at age 23, but had to accept an internship at a major Johannesburg hospital at half the pay earned by his white counterparts.
- He completed his surgical training at UCLA and was a member of the medical school faculty by the age of 31, in 1983. Three years later, he performed the first pancreas transplant on the West Coast.
- Now, the boogie-boarding, basketball-playing 60-year-old makes his home in Los Angeles. He is married to Michele B. Chan, a television actress who had a recurring role in "MacGyver," among other productions. The couple have two children.
- Forbes currently pegs Soon-Shiong's net worth at $7.3 billion. He built his fortune by taking American Pharmaceutical Partners public in 2001 and selling it for $5.6 billion in 2008. He spun off another company, Abraxis, in 2007, then sold it in 2010 for $2.9 billion, according to Forbes. His name graces more than 50 U.S. patents.
- Soon-Shiong regularly donates portions of his billions to philanthropic causes, including a $136-million donation to St. John's Health Center in Santa Monica and a $100-million guarantee to underwrite efforts to reopen Martin Luther King Jr. Hospital.
- But he's had his clashes, including a falling-out with his brother Terrence Soon-Shiong, who opposed him in a lawsuit over a diabetes research firm. Residents of the Brentwood neighborhood where Soon-Shiong has been buying and building for years have mixed feelings about his activities.
- Earlier this year, Soon-Shiong made a failed bid for the Dodgers. He had to console himself with his minority stake in the Lakers. He's been seen at games rubbing shoulders with pop star Will.I.Am and Oscar-winning actor Denzel Washington. He's said that he roots for USC in football but backs the UCLA basketball team.
- He now has his hands in supercomputing, augmented intelligence and other industries through his NantWorks company, which he founded in 2011. The year before, he helped launch the Healthcare Transformation Institute and currently heads the CSS Institute for Advanced Health, which focuses on human genotyping. He hopes to create a national healthcare information network and has taken over the National LambdaRail, the high-speed connector that links academic researchers nationwide.


text: Hi Sir, I just found your blog and it's so great to see your drawings. i am teaching college kids drawing and keep trying to tell them how awesome and important it is to keep a regular sketchbook, but I don't think they ever really believe me... I will make a point to show them this blog and see if that helps. :) Your drawings have such a great not perfect/perfect sense to them!I have an art blog, too, if you want to have a look.görüntülü sohbetcanlı sohbetkameralı sohbet


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KLBuettner necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 332 diseños de 67 diseñadores freelance.
Mila Bean Baby Boutique
Young (late 20s), hip, modern mother of a 1 year old is opening an eco-friendly baby boutique. I have my B.S. in Environmental Sciences and am very passionate about "trying to save the world". BUT now that I'm a mother, I've been transferring my passion to "keeping my baby safe" from all the toxins, chemicals and potentially harmful ingredients in conventional baby wares. Yes, this means cloth diapers, making my own baby food and investing in furniture made from FSC wood that will last through many stages of life.
So along came Mila Bean Baby Boutique.
My target audience is those mothers & fathers who shop at Farmers Markets, Whole Foods or Trader Joes for their family's food, and Anthropologie, JCrew, or Gap for clothing.
So basically, I am targeting upper middle class fathers and mothers that have the extra pennies to spend and the desire to be more "Green".
This logo design is open to your creativity!!! I really don't have a certain idea floating around in this crazy head of mine.
My only requirements are:
1.... That I want it to read "Mila Bean" (as the title) "Baby Boutique" (as the byline)
2.... The design to be clean, unique, classy/modern, eye catching and bright.
3.... That it states "this is an eco-friendly baby store" with out outright saying it.
4.... This logo will be used for website & on a store front.
5.... "Mila Bean" is just a nickname for my daughter, it has no significance to green beans or any kind of bean in general.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Fueling Your Entrepreneurial Spirit
By Frank Radosevich II
February 26, 2013
When Jeff Hoffman realized he was a baseball player in a world of golfers, his career goals finally clicked.
A serial entrepreneur who has launched seven startups to date, Hoffman said friends, family and coworkers called him crazy for quitting his corporate job and lighting out on an entrepreneurial path. They said he was impatient, unfocused and insolent.
But the thrill of breaking new ground, working as his own boss and seeing his dreams become reality proved to Hoffman that he'd made the right choice. While everyone else was busy putting in life, he just wanted to swing for the fences.
"If the people you're telling your entrepreneurial plans to are laughing at you, the problem is not you," he said. "The problem is you're asking golfers to judge your baseball swing. … If you want to play baseball, quit listening to golfers."
Hoffman, a founder and former CEO of Priceline.com, kicked off the Turner School of Entrepreneurship and Innovation's inaugural Distinguished Entrepreneur Speaker Series Monday night with stories from his entrepreneurial journey. Passing up a chance to attend the Academy Awards, the Chicago-based mogul spoke to a standing-room-only crowd of students and faculty.
During his address, Hoffman encouraged Bradley's budding entrepreneurs to seek out new people, information and opportunities every day. He said being an entrepreneur is not about getting rich but about fulfilling dreams.
"A sense of purpose is the fuel in your tank," he said. "When you find your purpose, it will drive you on those nights that it doesn't feel like you are making money."
Hoffman also underscored the importance of taking the first step toward turning a business idea into a reality. He told students there was no shame in failure, only in not trying. It was a message that resonated with students.
"I really connected with him because I want to take a similar route," said Shiv Patel, a junior studying mechanical engineering and business administration who hopes to open and run a nonprofit organization one day. "I am scared to fail but, at the same time, I won't stop myself and just be satisfied with where I am."
Since he was in college, Hoffman has launched, grown and sold companies spanning multiple industries that include e-commerce, entertainment and tourism. After Priceline, he founded and served as chairman and CEO of Black Sky Entertainment, an independent production company, and currently is the founder and partner in ColorJar, a firm that helps launch and grow new ventures from entrepreneurs and small business owners.
"Take advantage of the resources you have here," he said. "You are very lucky to be here now with the Turner School."
The Turner School, one of only three such schools in the nation established as a standalone academic unit, is named for Bradley alumnus Robert Turner and his wife Carolyn, long-time supporters of the University.


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|Home > Royalty Free Music > Classical Music > Romantic Period >
Classical | Romantic (period: 1815 - 1910)
The Romantic era was another period of rapid evolution in music. From the foundations laid down by the Classical masters, composers were now composing from the heart. The fact that composers were no longer employees but independent meant that they could follow their own direction, composing music that pleased themselves. Of course composers still had to live so they accepted commissions, made deals with publishing houses, composed music with commercial value, and promoted their own music through concerts across Europe and other parts of the world. Many composers of the time were also very skilled performers or conductors and would therefore go on tour with their new works. Thus composers wer ...
Read More


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Description:IBM 1GB PC2-3200 (2x512MB) ECC Registered CL3 240-Pin DDR2-400MHz SDRAM RDIMM MemoryPart Number(s)
IBM Part# 73P2865
Overview:This dual-channel DDR2 (DDR400) memory option unleashes the power of the Intel Processor with its 800MHz front-side bus speed by matching the processor front-side bus bandwidth of 6.4GB with an equal balanced 6.4GB of memory bandwidth. In combination with the CPU and chipset system memory is one of the key contributors to overall system performance. Nearly every application and system component whether internal or external accesses the system memory.


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Back to Search results
Crystal Palace Glass
30 November 1936
This glass is from the Crystal Palace
in Upper Norwood.
It melted during the fire in 1936
when the Crystal Palace burnt down.
The Crystal Palace
was an extraordinary place,
with fountains and gardens
and popular events.
Source unknown:
0 mins 0 secs
Source unknown:
"The Crystal Palace was really ablaze.
The towers were still intact
and the roof was still intact..
When one of the towers started swaying
the police decided to move everybody
back much further,
which was a job.
You could feel the heat from the blaze."
Enjoying Leisure
The Crystal Palace
was a massive entertainment venue.
Between 1854
and the end of the 19th century
millions of visitors came
to see its fabulous interiors
and events such as
concerts and
firework displays.
For a few pence
visitors could enjoy a whole day's
education and entertainment.
The Crystal Palace was originally built
in Hyde Park in Central London
and housed the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Find out more
To find out more about
the history of Crystal Palace
visit the BBC London website


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That last one scared me sh*tless...
That last one scared me sh*tless...
Last was scary But I love the face on 11
I find #3 & #4 a bit funny. I mean, look at the upper right.
she's lesbian with Daisy xD
i laughed at sandy being a lesbian, then screamed at the baby. =O
Dem teeth.
Sandy x Daisy ftw.
ten? WHAT?


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Bosnia and Herzegovina: divisions dampen EU hopes
Date created : Latest update :
Twenty years after the start of the war, ethnic divisions remain frozen in law. Nowhere is it more true than in Mostar's segregated schools. We also meet Europe's first veiled mayor: she runs the city of Visoko. We talk to Sevdah singer Amira who tells us how Bosnia's traditional music has gained an audience abroad and we follow Jasna Samic, a Franco-Bosnian writer who shows us her favourite places in Sarajevo.
- Director: Caroline de Camaret
- Presenter: Christophe Robeet
- Producers: Ruth Hetherington and Julie Dungelhoeff
- Reporters: Julie Dungelhoeff and Ruth Hetherington
- Cameraman: Stéphane Bodenne
- Video editing: A. Le Narvor, M. Paquereau, F. Fernandez, E.Blanquart


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With Charlie Batch at quarterback, the Steelers were expected to rely heavily on their run game this Sunday.
That was the case for much of the first, although the results leave more than a little to be desired. Jonathan Dwyer, Rashard Mendenhall and Isaac Redman all lost fumbles in the first half and the Browns turned them into 10 points and hold a 14-13 lead halfway through the contest. Things haven't gone all that well when the Steelers trio have held onto the ball, either, as they've run for 33 yards on 12 overall carries.
The slant toward the run ended on the final drive of the half as the Steelers used Batch to move the ball down the field for a field goal. He looked for Plaxico Burress twice once the ball got close to the Cleveland end zone and it paid off even though neither pass was completed. Sheldon Brown was flagged for pass interference in the end zone on the second attempt, setting up a Chris Rainey touchdown run that he bounced outside after it looked like the Browns had him bottled up.
Pittsburgh's fumbles helped minimize the damage done when Brandon Weeden had a pass intercepted and returned for a touchdown by Lawrence Timmons. Weeden has hit on nine of his other 15 throws, including a touchdown to Jordan Cameron following Redman's fumble deep in Pittsburgh territory. The Mendenhall fumble, on Pittsburgh's second offensive play. led to a Phil Dawson field goal while Dwyer's miscue helped the Browns stay on top late in the second quarter.
Failing to get more than 10 points off the three turnovers already looks like it is coming back to haunt the Browns, although they will have plenty of chances to turn that around in the second half.


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Astor Hyde Park
Astor Hyde Park is located in South Kensington. Kensington Gardens which is the former home of Princess Diana is just minutes away. Other interesting places in the area include the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Science Museum. You can hop on the Tube and be on Oxford Streets in just a few minutes as well as the theatres in West-End London, Harrods and if you fancy doing a bit of shopping and eating out, High Street Kensington is the place to go.
Recently renovated, you will enjoy modern living in a traditional English accommodation. The wonderful wooden staircase and panelling maintains the Victorian style character. Our 33 guestrooms are decorated with modern designs and are comfortably spacious. All rooms are en-suite and for extra security, key card access is available as well as security cameras around the building as we believe that security is extremely important.
A stainless steel kitchen, 2 lounges and a large dining area are all available for guests use. Sky and Digital TV are available and you can enjoy watching matches on a projector in style.
Free cancelation up to 24 hours before day of arrival
Check-in - Anytime after 2pm. Check-out Anytime before 10am
Payment accepted in Cash or Debit/Credit Card
24-hour reception, anything you need come and ask at Reception!
VALID government issued ID required to stay with us, and ALL guests must be between 18-40 YEARS
Please Note: if you do not give notice to cancel, the first night will be charged to the credit card used to make the booking.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- 24 Hour Reception
- 24 Hour Security
- Adaptors
- Age Restriction
- Book Exchange
- Breakfast Not Included
- Cable TV
- Common Room
- Credit Cards Accepted
- DVDs
- Free City Maps
- Free Internet Access
- Free WiFi
- Foosball
- Hair Dryers
- Hair Dryers For Hire
- Hot Showers
- House Keeping
- Internet Access
- Key Card Access
- Self-Catering Facilities
- Laundry Facilities
- Linen Included
- Security Lockers
- Luggage Storage
- No Curfew
- Non Smoking
- Safe Deposit Box
- Taxes included
- Towels For Hire
- Vending Machines
- Washing Machine
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 1 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Hostel InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
Free cancelation up to 24 hours before day of arrival
Check-in - Anytime after 2pm. Check-out Anytime before 10am
Payment accepted in Cash or Debit/Credit Card
24-hour reception, anything you need come and ask at Reception!
VALID government issued ID required to stay with us, and ALL guests must be between 18-40 YEARS
Please Note: if you do not give notice to cancel, the first night will be charged to the credit card used to make the booking.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
Astor Hyde Park Hostel
191 Queens Gate
From Gloucester Road Station:
Turn left out of the station. Turn right at the traffic lights onto Cromwell Road. Continue until you get to the next set of traffic lights and turn left up Queens Gate. The hostel is on the right hand side about 200m from the end of the street. (Numbers on the left hand side of the road are descending, numbers on the right hand side of the road are ascending).
From South Kensington Station:
Walk up the stairs in the station and take Right hand side Exit and turn Right onto Thurloe Street. In 50mts Turn Left on to Exhibition Road (walk past restaurants, Natural History Museum, Science Museum and Imperial College) Turn left (at the round about) on to Prince Consort Road (walk past Royal College of Miners, Royal College of Music and Royal Albert Hall) at the end of the road turn Right on to Queens Gate. The hostel is located a 20 second walk away on the right hand side.
From Heathrow Airport:
Take the Piccadilly Line into London and get off at Gloucester Road station. Then simply follow the instructions above to get to our hostel.
From Gatwick Airport:
Take the Gatwick Express (or local trains) to London Victoria Station. From there, take the Circle or District lines, westbound until you get to South Kensington station and then simply follow the instructions above to get to the Astor Hyde Park.
From Stansted Airport:
Take the Stansted Express to Liverpool Street. From their take the Circle line (via Victoria) to Gloucester Road station. Then have a look at our directions above to get you to our hostel.
From Luton Airport - Take a short bus Journey to Luton Park Way Station. Take the train into King's Cross/St.Pancras Station. From King's Cross/St.Pancras take the Piccadilly Line (west) to South Kensington station. Follow instructions above to reach the hostel.
If you arrive too late and the trains are no longer running you can get coaches or shuttles to Victoria Station. From Victoria Station take bus N52 towards Willesden Bus Garage (ask the coach or bus driver where bus 52 goes from as it can be confusing). The bus will take approximately 10 minutes and you must get off at stop 'Royal Albert Hall' walk in the same direction as the bus was travelling and take your second left down Queens Gate (the one with the man on the horse statue) the hostel is approx 150 mts down the road on the left hand side.
Located Near
Located In South Kensington next to Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park. Walking distance to The Royal Albert Hall, Natural History Museum,Victoria and Albert Museum, Science Museum,Kensington Palace and for shopping you have world famous Harrods, Harvey Nichols and High Street Kensington (Top Shop, H&M, UO, American Apparel, Etc...) as well as amazing bars and restaurants. Tube stations: South Kensington, Gloucester Road, and High Street Kensington, .


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Sean Campbell needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 35 designs submitted by 5 freelance designers.
Cascade Insights - http://www.cascadeinsights.com
Product Marketing Managers, Market Research Managers, VP's of Marketing
We need to develop a standard PowerPoint presentation template that we can utillize when presenting research findings.
We have no problem with a design that pops and stands out. We just need it to be one in which the color scheme matches our current logo and site and one that allows us to add a significant amount of text on occasion to slides.
We need a title slide and a notes slide version included in the final file.


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Honda Car Forum
|Thread Tools
|Display Modes
2009 Acura TL - Safety
Torrance, Calif. - Aug 18
Acura holds safety as a high priority. That means safety for everyone, from the 2009 TL's driver and passengers, to the occupants of other vehicles as well as pedestrians. This commitment to achieving the highest level of safety means that both the 2009 TL and TL SH-AWD® offer the same range of safety technologies as standard equipment.
At press time, the production 2009 TL had not yet been tested by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) or by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). However, Acura internal tests project that the TL will meet all current regulations and achieve the highest marks in crash tests including:
*Government star ratings are part of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) New Car Assessment Program (www.safercar.gov). Model tested with standard side-impact air bags (SABs).
As described in detail below, the 2009 TL offers Acura's entire array of currently available passive safety technologies. The list starts with the revolutionary Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure, which enhances frontal collision energy management through a network of load-bearing front frame structures while also increasing the likelihood of two vehicles properly connecting during a collision - including larger and smaller vehicles and those with differing bumper heights. In practical terms, the ACE™ body structure raises crash safety technology to a new standard by better utilizing the front crumple zones and dispersing energy through precise load-bearing channels before it reaches the passenger area.
The new TL also include dual-stage, dual-threshold front airbags with a passenger-side Occupant Position Detection System (OPDS), side-curtain airbags and new dual-chamber front side airbags. The list continues with front seatbelts with an automatic tensioning system and load limiters, and active front head restraints designed to reduce the likelihood and severity of neck injuries for the driver and front passenger in the event of a rear collision. Driver and front passenger seatbelt reminders, daytime running lights (DRL), Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) with Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist and Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA®) with traction control (Electronic Stability Control) are likewise standard equipment. In addition, the front of the TL is designed to help minimize injuries to pedestrians.
The new TL also include dual-stage, dual-threshold front airbags with a passenger-side Occupant Position Detection System (OPDS), side-curtain airbags and new dual-chamber front side airbags. The list continues with front seatbelts with an automatic tensioning system and load limiters, and active front head restraints designed to reduce the likelihood and severity of neck injuries for the driver and front passenger in the event of a rear collision. Driver and front passenger seatbelt reminders, daytime running lights (DRL), Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) with Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist and Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA®) with traction control (Electronic Stability Control) are likewise standard equipment. In addition, the front of the TL is designed to help minimize injuries to pedestrians.
The 2009 Acura TL safety features include:
Standard active safety systems
Standard passive safety systems
Like all other Acura vehicles, the 2009 TL utilizes the Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ (ACE™) body structure technology. ACE™ is a highly effective way of absorbing the energy of a frontal crash, while also helping to minimize the potential for an "under-ride" or "over-ride" phenomenon that can occur during a head-on or offset frontal impact with a significantly larger, smaller, higher or lower vehicle. Created with the help of a sophisticated computer-assisted design (CAD) process, Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ uses a network of integrated load-bearing elements that help attenuate peak impact forces by more evenly distributing them across a relatively large area in the front of the vehicle.
ACE™ significantly differentiates the 2009 TL from most conventional designs that direct frontal crash energy only to the lower load-bearing structures in the front end. Instead, Advanced Compatibility Engineering™ actively channels frontal crash energy to both upper and lower structural elements, including the TL's floor frame rails, side sills and A-pillars. These specially engineered load "pathways" help distribute frontal impact forces through a greater percentage of the vehicle's total structure, including around and away from the passenger compartment. This helps to limit cabin deformation and further improve occupant protection in a frontal or offset frontal collision.
The 2009 Acura TL's unit body features significant structural advancements and now contains a record 47.6-percent high-strength steel. One particularly significant change is that the main longitudinal frame rails have been redesigned and repositioned above rather than below the floor panel to improve the vehicle's ability to withstand severe side-impacts, while also helping to improve aerodynamics. Acura's continued efforts to advance safety mean the 2009 TL meets the all-new side-crash and pole-impact regulations three years earlier than is federally planned.
In addition, robust new rear structural elements add rigidity and controlled energy absorption to help the TL meet the stringent new FMVSS 301 high speed rear-collision standard detailed below. A gusseted rear bulkhead ties directly into the car's exceptional performance in this demanding new rear-collision standard by accurately channeling collision forces. Its increased rigidity also helps protect the fuel-filler area during a collision.
The 2009 TL SH-AWD® employs a new 3-piece driveshaft system and engineered-plastic front mounts for the rear differential that are designed to break when a specific impact force is experienced - such as during a serious frontal collision. This orchestrated "breakage" of driveshaft and/or rear suspension mounts helps prevent crash energy from being transferred into the TL's passenger cabin.
The 2009 Acura TL meets the new government FMVSS 301 regulation for offset rear collisions. More severe than the previous standard, the FMVSS 301 regulation began phasing in during September 2006 and must be applied to all passenger vehicles after September 1, 2008. In the new FMVSS 301 requirements, a 1,360 kg (2,992 lb.) deformable barrier strikes 70-percent of the vehicle's width at 50 mph. In contrast, the previous FMVSS 301 used a 1,814 kg (3,991 lbs.) flat rigid barrier that struck the full width of the vehicle at 30 mph. The new standard requires more body energy absorption than before to protect critical fuel system components.
Acura's safety interests extend beyond care for vehicle occupants. The TL hood area is specially designed to deform if contact is made with a pedestrian. Underneath the hood are energy-absorbing supports and hood hinges, and the windshield-wiper pivots are also deformable in the event that a pedestrian contacts these areas. Research shows that features such as these dramatically improve a pedestrian's chance of survival if struck by a moving vehicle.
Standard equipment on the 2009 Acura TL is Vehicle Stability Assist™ (VSA®), an Electronic Stability Control system that enhances controllability while the vehicle is accelerating, braking or cornering, or when the driver makes a sudden maneuver. VSA® works in conjunction with the vehicle's drive-by-wire throttle and its 4-channel ABS system to help the vehicle maintain the driver's intended path of travel. It functions by applying brake force to one or more wheels independently while also managing the throttle, ignition and fuel systems to reduce engine power output.
Vehicle Stability Assist™ constantly analyzes data from seven sensors that monitor wheel and vehicle speed, steering input, lateral G-forces and yaw rate, and compares the driver's control inputs with the vehicle's actual response. Whenever the vehicle's actual response falls outside of a predetermined acceptable range, VSA® intervenes with corrective action. If VSA® detects an oversteer condition, the system may apply braking force to the outside front and rear wheels to counteract the unintended yawing effect. Or in the event of understeer, VSA® may apply braking to the inside rear wheel while reducing engine power to help return the car to its intended course. For the front-wheel-drive Acura TL, VSA® also provides a limited-slip differential effect for the front wheels by applying braking force to a slipping wheel, thereby redirecting driving force to the wheel with more traction.
Emergency Braking
Brake Assist, another key VSA® function, recognizes emergency braking situations and almost instantly applies additional braking force to help the driver slow the vehicle more quickly. This important accident-avoidance system is controlled by special computer logic that determines when the speed and stroke of the brake pedal exceed a typical range - as they would in a panic stop. At this point the VSA® modulator pump increases braking pressure to ensure maximum stopping force and help shorten braking distance as much as possible. Brake Assist functions only when the driver is pressing the brake pedal; the additional braking force provided by the system ceases when the driver releases pressure on the brake pedal.
Vehicle Stability Assist™ (including the Brake Assist function) is calibrated to work in a nearly transparent manner, meaning that drivers may not even be aware of its operation. Therefore, to keep the driver informed, an indicator light flashes on the instrument panel anytime the system is enhancing vehicle stability. While the driver may deactivate the VSA® and traction-control functions via a switch on the instrument panel, ABS and Brake Assist remain fully operational at all times.
The 2009 Acura TL is equipped with 4-wheel disc brakes and a sophisticated new 4-channel/4-sensor anti-lock braking system. The system helps improve active safety by offering a firm brake-pedal feel and a short activation stroke, as well as Electronic Brake Distribution (EBD) circuitry that automatically proportions braking force between the front and rear wheels based on the vehicle's weight distribution. EBD helps maximize braking effectiveness whether the TL is transporting only the driver, or is fully loaded with passengers and luggage. (Please see Chassis section for more information.)
The 2009 Acura TL's driver and front passenger are both protected by advanced front airbags incorporating dual-stage and dual-threshold activation technology. In the event of an airbag deployment, these two features work together to help minimize injuries that can sometimes be caused by the airbags themselves. The sophisticated dual-stage, dual-threshold system optimizes the deployment rate to match both the speed and severity of a crash event. The control logic also takes several other factors into consideration, including the driver's seating position, the weight of the front passenger, and whether the seat belts are in use at the time.
For instance, during a lower-speed collision or if the driver's seat is positioned close to the steering wheel, the inflators in the driver's frontal airbag activate sequentially to help lessen the airbag's deployment force. Then in a higher-speed collision, or if the seat is positioned farther back, both airbag igniters trigger simultaneously for full and rapid inflation.
The passenger-side frontal airbag is designed to operate in a similar manner, except that a sensor located under the seat calculates whether the weight on the lower cushion meets a NHTSA-specified minimum value. If it doesn't, the airbag is deactivated and the driver is so notified by a light on the instrument panel.
The driver's side airbag is located in the steering wheel and the passenger airbag is located on the top of the instrument panel, beneath a thin seamless membrane. To maximize its protective potential while reducing the likelihood of injuries being caused by the activation process, the passenger airbag inflates first upward and then rearward.
The 2009 TL has standard dual-chamber front-seat side airbags offering greater protection for the torso and pelvis in a severe side impact. Replacing the single-chamber airbags of the previous-generation TL, these new dual-chamber units include a larger upper chamber for enhanced protection of the chest area along with a smaller lower chamber covering the lower back and hip area. A single inflator unit fills both chambers. These new dual-chamber airbags are designed to minimize the chances of passenger injuries caused by side impacts from larger vehicles. In addition, the airbags now stay inflated longer which helps provide added passenger protection in longer lasting crash situations such as with a vehicle rollover.
Side-curtain airbags provide head protection for the driver and front passenger as well as for the occupants of the outboard rear seats. Mounted in the ceiling above the side windows, the side-curtain airbags are activated by a central sensor and sensors in the side of the vehicle. An electronic processor interprets collision information from the sensors and determines the appropriate timing and deployment rates based on the severity of the side impact. The side-curtain airbags may also deploy in other collisions, such as a rollover, if the sensors indicate there is a likelihood of side forces posing a risk to vehicle passengers.
Acura TL's front seatbelts are each equipped with an automatic tensioning system and load limiter to help minimize injury potential in a frontal collision. In the event of such a collision, the automatic tensioner tightens the seatbelt (both shoulder and lap) to help hold the seat occupant firmly in position. In addition, each front seatbelt retractor incorporates a load limiter that works in conjunction with the automatic tensioner. After the automatic tensioner tightens the seatbelt, the load limiter introduces a small amount of controlled seatbelt slack to limit the peak restraining forces, thereby reducing the potential for serious injury. The front seatbelts also feature adjustable shoulder anchors, and 3-point seatbelts are standard in all three rear seating positions.
The 2009 TL is fitted with new active front head restraints designed to help minimize the risk of neck injuries in the event of a rear impact. The head restraint is mechanically linked to a lumbar plate located inside of the front seatback. In a rear impact, the passenger's body pushes against the seatback, causing the head restraint to move forward in a carefully prescribed arc. This motion helps equalize the impact forces transmitted to the head, neck and spine as the occupant's head moves backward during the collision. Effectively managing and dispersing this energy is critical to help minimize the potential for injuries. For 2009, the Active Head Restraint System is specifically tuned to further reduce forces imparted in a rear impact.
The 2009 Acura TL features individually adjustable head restraints for all three rear passenger positions. The outboard rear headrests may be folded down when not in use and the center rear headrest is height-adjustable, thereby enhancing the appearance of the cabin and helping to improve (by 7-percent) rearward visibility for the driver.
Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH) provide a simple and secure method of installing up to two compatible child safety seats in the 2009 TL's outboard rear seating positions. Alternately, an upper tether makes it possible to fit a single child safety seat in the rear center seating position. When a child seat is in the center position, additional child seats may not be used in the outboard positions.
The 2009 Acura TL has a Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) that alerts the driver whenever the air pressure in one or more of the tires decreases below the recommended level. Using four sensors (one in each tire), TPMS transmits information on tire air pressure to the vehicle's ECU. A low tire pressure indicator located on the instrument panel illuminates when tire pressure drops to a potentially critical level.
The front and rear bumpers of the TL are rated to withstand damage at impact speeds of 2.5 mph. They feature aluminum bumper beams underneath the stylized composite fascias.
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A virtual unknown straining to make his mark in the race for mayor of Los Angeles offered an alarming assessment of the city's finances. "We are actually on the brink of bankruptcy," Emanuel Pleitez, a tech executive and former aide to Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, said in a recent debate. "This is not a joke."
City Councilman Eric Garcetti, one of the front-runners to replace Villaraigosa, scoffed. "Every time you hear from folks who say we are about to be bankrupt it reminds me of that minister who said the end of the world is coming," Garcetti told the audience. "Then when it didn't come he had to change the date."
The conflicting sentiments that night early this month on a stage in Beverly Hills reflect an emerging split in the contest to replace Villaraigosa: Top contenders Garcetti and City Controller Wendy Greuel deny that there is an imminent fiscal threat to the city. They prefer to talk about expanding the city economy to bring in more taxes and their experience in previous budget management, saying they have proved they know how to make tough choices.
The candidates from outside City Hall sound the alarm, blame the incumbents and demand more specific reforms to close deficits that have lingered at over $200 million annually. Pleitez and lawyer and former prosecutor Kevin James talk about shifting future city workers from guaranteed-benefit pensions to something more like 401(k)s, not unlike a controversial proposal former Mayor Richard Riordan made last year.


text:
(NSFW language)
Woody Johnson: "We are supposed to be going to the playoffs in seven weeks!"Phil: "Yeah ... that's not gonna happen."Really, this team sucks so bad I didn't have the will to write anything up last night. The Jets games are starting to blend together in a smoothie of suck and I thought that if the Jets aren't willing to pull it together, then why should I? Readers could just go back and read what I wrote last week ...
Oh, that and I was mildly intoxicated.
Defense's Last Stand -- So the day that the Jets need the defense to show up, they do so in a rip-roaring fashion. Pressure? Check. Stuffing Marshawn? Check. Bringing down Russell Wilson behind the line? Check. They even scored the Jets only points of the game. But since the Jets offense was completely inept, it was as if it didn't even matter. In the end the defense was gassed and the Seahawks (and Marshawn Lynch specifically) got away from them. Special teams and the offense did the defense no favors, which sucks, but has been the story of the season. The Jets can never get, as Eric Mangini immortalized the trope, "all three phases" of football going at the same time.
Wave it Off -- Jeremy Kerley might be in the process of becoming a great receiver, but he is a horrible, horrible punt returner. Yes, when he actually does manage to catch the ball, hold onto it and run with it, he's quite good. But Kerley's judgement on when to fair catch and his ball control are so suspect. No more. I don't really care who the Jets get and they can fair catch it on every play. It just needs to not be Kerley.
Sanchez is Terrible -- When the Jets picked Mark Sanchez in the draft, I went insane. Insane from hate. There was a video of this that Anthony DeRosa shot of it, but unfortunately that video has been lost to the sands of time and YouTube copyrighting policies (Anthony had a penchant for booting copyright protected videos).
In short, I hated the pick. I hated that he played for a privileged USC program with too much talent around him to really hone his skills. I hated that he essentially played one year collegiately in that system and was essentially just under two years of playing time removed from high school. I hated that he was too short and was going to get balls batted at the line all the time. I hated that they traded up for an underwhelming physical player when they could have stayed put and taken a player who actually was physically impressive (Josh Freeman), though less pedigreed. It's a good thing that Mike Tannenbaum put his old pal Eric Mangini over the barrel for that pick otherwise the clamor could have been a lot, lot worse if they gave up anything like the Giants had for Eli Manning. Over the next two years I wanted to make myself believe that Sanchez was good, that he was a leader. That he was mature. That he had poise. That he had a stable family life. That he carried his teammates shoulder pads. That he could lead this team to the promised land. Was he all those things? Sure, but a loving relationship with his father has not translated into his ability to properly read a freaking NFL defense.
But just like Draft Day 2009, I've returned to where I started. Mark Sanchez hasn't properly protected the football for going on four years. Mark Sanchez has tried to make plays where there isn't one and gotten burned for it for going on four years. Mark Sanchez has stared down receivers and been wholly unable to make more than one progression for going on four years. It's enough. The truth is that Mark Sanchez will never be great. Firing Schotty last year was never so much about Schotty, as being able to determine whether it was Sanchez, or Schotty or both. While it might have been Schotty, it certainly is Sanchez as we're seeing this year. The pragmatic approach to last offseason was right in releasing Schotty; that firing Schotty was going to be less taxing to the organization than the other, and so Schotty was fired. But now we know what Sanchez is. He's like the emperor in The Emporer's Clothes, as as the talent level has gone down, he's slowly getting stripped away. He looked royal and regal with a stout line, a compelling running game, some talented receivers and a bonecrushing defense to back him up, but now he's just exposed and foolish looking. Elite quarterbacks do more with less. Sanchez is not, nor ever will be, elite. This is not a player that the Jets could or should build around. But if they are going to keep him on as I expect they will in 2013, then they need to build in spite of him.
Ryan Is Turning Into Swimfan-- Remember that crazy bitch from Swimfan? Ryan is quickly becoming obsessed with his all-consuming belief in the wonderfulness of his quarterback. Still, as a coach who values ball control football and defense, how does he see Mark Sanchez stare down a receiver, double pump to that receiver, then soft-toss a pass to that STILL SAME RECEIVER at the front corner of the end zone on a route that was BEGGING to be picked off and still think this is his guy? Mark Sanchez is slowly killing any credibility that Rex Ryan had. Check that. Rex Ryan is slowly killing any credibility that Rex Ryan had. He was yelling at reporters yesterday that he believes in Mark Sanchez because he believes in Mark Sanchez. Circular logic much, Rex? Of course, the irony here is that Swimfan drowned in the end of the movie because she couldn't swim. Rex Ryan's talent evaluation of his quarterback position is starting to resemble him slowly sinking to the bottom of the pool, unable to help himself.


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CharlesMakingMoney Presents: Learn How To Make $100K Per Month On The Internet While Working From Home. Vol.3 [User Submitted]
C reports "Here's a way that you can make money on the internet from your home. Watch the presentation video and signed up at www.freedom.ws/charlesmakingmoney or www.freedom.ws with access code charlesmakingmoney. For the training : www.charlesmakingmoney.ws ; For the other businesses and Revolutionary Matrix : www.charlesmakingmoney.ws/affiliate ; Contact me : firstname.lastname@example.com ; add me on Skype : carlito1431 ; add me on Myspace : www.myspace.com/carlito143 ; Follow me on twitter : www.twitter.com/charlesmaking ; Google me and you'll see : charlesmakingmoney
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Small in size, but BIG in power! This mini-mite comes complete with four head attachments for the discriminating couple! Play in the bedroom or play in the shower. No matter what you do, or where you do it, you'll have an orgasmic experience everytime! Phthalates free and waterproof. Requires 1 AA battery (not included).
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Ordering a new one today. Sadly after years of service mine has died. It was great and I can't wait for my new one.Anonymous - April 4 2016
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This board game challenges players (ages 10+) to build a spaceship and fly to a black hole. The game provides opportunities for understanding phenomena based on current black hole research. During the game, players will experience the dangers and... (View More) excitement of a real space mission, and learn about the nature of black holes by launching scientific probes. The game can be played competitively or as a team (instructions are also provided for playing in large groups. Black Hole Explorer consists of: Game Board, Game Rules, Spacecraft Data sheets, Science Briefing Room document, Event cards (28), Probe result cards (12), Energy tokens (140). Game components are available as PDF downloads; dice and game pieces must be provided by the user. NOTE: tokens and cards need to be cut to size from letter-size cardstock. (View Less)
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In this activity students construct Log Rulers, finely calibrated in base-10 exponents and numbers (logs and antilogs). They practice reading these scales as accurately as possible, listing all certain figures plus one uncertain figure. This is... (View More) activity D1 in the "Far Out Math" educator's guide. Lessons in the guide include activities in which students measure,compare quantities as orders of magnitude, become familiar with scientific notation, and develop an understanding of exponents and logarithms using examples from NASA's GLAST mission. These are skills needed to understand the very large and very small quantities characteristic of astronomical observations. Note: In 2008, GLAST was renamed Fermi, for the physicist Enrico Fermi. (View Less)


text: Find your next whitewater canoe, river raft, playboat or creeking whitewater kayak using the Paddling Buyer's Guide, brought to you by Rapid Magazine. Read Staff insights and consumer reviews, and let us know what you think of the boats you've paddled. It's all here in the Rapid Media Paddling Buyer's Guide.


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22 July 2010
Questions raised regarding 21 July quiz on SQLERRM(1246)
14 comments:
Hi Steven,ReplyDelete
about the "default" packages, I was irritated by this question as well. Especially as a non native speaker I translated "default" with packages which are installed out-of-the-box and not how the PL/SQL compiler will resolve names. So I thought it's some kind of "trick" question, because there are way more than 2 packages installed out-of-the-box.
I have a different concern about
If you don't provide an error code in the parameter list of SQLERRM, it will use SQLCODE as the default.
I think that is not 100% correct that it is using SQLCODE. As you can also see in the STANDARD package, it doesn't default the parameter with SQLCODE, it has two implementations for this interface.
The parameter less interface will use the current error stack and not just SQLCODE. This can be proved with the following test case which has two errors on the stack and which are returned by a call to SQLERRM. But SQLCODE will just return -1422 for the "too many rows" and not the 100 of the "no data found" but which also shows up in the result of SQLERRM.
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('sqlerrm with too_many_rows code specified: '||SQLERRM(-1422));
raise no_data_found;
exception when others then
raise too_many_rows;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('sqlcode: '||sqlcode||' sqlerrm without sqlcode: '||SQLERRM);
Hi Steven,ReplyDelete
As for the "a" part, I'm voting for a re-scoring. I was not aware of the concept of default packages (versus built-in), but then again there are a lot more things in Oracle that I'm not aware of (yet).
I had in mind that default versus non-default would be something like dbms_output versus utl_mail.
Not that this one question is such a big deal of course, in the light of our journey to supreme PL/SQL wisdom.
Kind regards,
I've never heard of STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD referred to as "DEFAULT" either...ReplyDelete
I selected that option is cos the focus was on SQLERRM, which is defined in STANDARD, and decided to take the extra info as an FYI..
But ya, I do agree with you that leaving out the extra info would be good...
And if Oracle docs don't refer to them as "DEFAULT", defly a good idea to consider re-scoring, even tho i got it right...which was a moment of intuition/fluke, however you want to call it :)
I agree that a rule for answer/question should be "Do not include extraneous information"ReplyDelete
I'm sure that some people confused "default" with build-in and I can understand that. I did not but I agree with a re-scoring (i.e put that answer as checked to everyone that played).
Patrick is right, but even the oracle documentation (http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/sqlerrm_function.htm) says "The function SQLERRM returns the error message associated with its error-number argument. If the argument is omitted, it returns the error message associated with the current value of SQLCODE" )
So the answer is correct by the documentation, but wrong in pratice due that it uses really the chain of SQLCODEs raised.
Interesting how people have different takes on this.ReplyDelete
Whether or not the package is described as default/built-in or otherwise, the question remains the same, as does the answer.
I would vote to keep the scoring as-is.
Cheers, P
Regarding part "a", I agree with other posters that extraneous info is probably not a good idea, especially if turns out to be wrong or ambiguous. For myself, though, I have found the extra bits to be interesting and appropriate in the spirit of encouraging enhanced learning about the language. But since there's money on the line, maybe that info could just be included in the next-day quiz answer review.ReplyDelete
I don't think re-scoring is necessary. The question is about SQLERRM, which the first part of the quiz question addressed correctly ("This function is defined in the STANDARD package,..."). The question is not about the STANDARD package, which the second part addresses ("...one of two default packages in the PL/SQL language.").
So the answer should be based on the information about the subject of the question (SQLERRM), not the extraneous information (default packages).
If the extra information had been intentionally wrong to set up a trick question with a "false" answer, I would protest that. I'm personally finding enough challenge with the subject matter alone.
I found a reference to the standard package as being two "default packages", but it seems to be a once of reference. True but guessable.ReplyDelete
I agree with Patrick, as my interpretation of the first answer regarding SQLCODE as default. I took this quite literally and ultimately looked for evidence in the STANDARD package, but it was not outwardly obvious. It's rather a default that is used internally - is that correct? True but guessable.
SQERRM outside an exception handler - easily demonstrated. True.
Truncation? I guessed perhaps there is a certain scenario "just right", but easy to ascertain from documentation? True but guessable.
I'm not sure if there's need for score adjustment - everyone really on the same page; but based on my score, I'm surprised the average is so high - compared to history I've noticed/remembered in my fallible brain.
The literature external to Oracle Corporation frequently refers to STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD as the "default" packages; however, such references do not appear in Oracle's official documentation. I found a document within Oracle Education that makes this reference, but it was not product documentation. The Oracle 2 Day Developer's Guide 11g Release 1 refers the reader to the Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference for information about "default packages available with Oracle database."ReplyDelete
Despite the aforementioned variation in meaning of the phrase "default package," the sentence "This function is defined in the STANDARD package, one of two default packages in the PL/SQL language" (emphasis mine) is not ambiguous since the emphasized text establishes the context as the PL/SQL language and not the database in general. Knowledgeable PL/SQL developers should be aware that unqualified references that cannot be resolved locally will be resolved by default against the STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD packages. The additional detail may be extraneous, but it is neither incorrect nor misleading.
Although extraneous detail might adversely affect one's response times (which is reason enough to avoid including unnecessary information), it should not result in an incorrect response. If an extraneous detail exposes a gap in one's knowledge of the general subject (in this case the PL/SQL language) then one should expect to receive a lower score.
The additional detail did not make the question unfair: rescoring would be inappropriate.
- Anonymous22 July, 2010 19:28
I have seen questions that were more confusing and got not rescore. It is very hard to define a question so that everyone will totally agree on the meaning.ReplyDelete
I had totally no problem with this question at all and to me it was immediately obvious that this was extra information and that they referred to STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD as the other DEFAULT package.
I think for a question to be tricky, the number two would have been too easy of a trap. If one confuses DEFAULT with BUILT IN, it would be way too obvious that there are much more than two built-in packages, so this could hardly be called tricky.
So, I totally agree with John above: a rescoring would be inappropriate.
- Anonymous22 July, 2010 20:01
I didn't have a problem with understanding the context in which "default" was used. I've heard several DBAs refer standard/dbms_standard as default/built-in packages, and as jhall62 stated, it is also referenced in various sources.ReplyDelete
It seems to me that this particular answer tested the knowledge of what was defined in the standard package. If you knew it was defined in standard then the word "default" shouldn't have impacted the answer.
After all the comments above, I feel comfortable with not re-scoring based on the reference to "default package."ReplyDelete
Regarding the issue of whether or not SQLCODE is a "default" or SQLERRM, Patrick argues that:
But the choice I offered was:
"If you don't provide an error code in the parameter list of SQLERRM, it will use SQLCODE as the default."
This choice would not be an accurate description of the STANDARD specification's definitions of SQLERRM. In fact, SQLCODE is not specified as a default value; there is an overloading of SQLERRM that has no parameters. Yet, this choice does correctly describe the behavior of SQLERRM based on its usage in a program, which is what I am describing in this choice ("if you don't provide..."). So I feel that this is valid.
Finally, Patrick states that "The parameter less interface will use the current error stack and not just SQLCODE. This can be proved with the following test case which has two errors on the stack and which are returned by a call to SQLERRM. But SQLCODE will just return -1422 for the "too many rows" and not the 100 of the "no data found" but which also shows up in the result of SQLERRM."
Patrick seems to be arguing that if I pass an argument of SQLCODE to SQLERRM, I will get a different result than if I pass no argument to this function (if this is not your point, Patrick, I am not sure how it would apply to this question). When I ran a test comparing those two ways of calling I got the same result:
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('sqlcode: ' || SQLCODE);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (' sqlerrm without argument: ' || SQLERRM);
put_line (
' sqlerrm with sqlcode passed explicitly: ' || SQLERRM (SQLCODE));
sqlerrm without argument: ORA-01422: exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows
ORA-01403: no data found
sqlerrm with sqlcode passed explicitly: ORA-01422: exact fetch returns more than requested number of rows
ORA-01403: no data found
They both return the same string. Patrick, have I missed your point?
So my conclusion is: no re-scoring or change in ranking; avoid extraneous information in the future; validate terminology used in the quizzes with Oracle documentation (or define them within the quiz context).
My apologies; I left out a sentence in the previous post. Namely:ReplyDelete
Regarding the issue of whether or not SQLCODE is a "default" or SQLERRM, Patrick argues that:
"I think that is not 100% correct that it is using SQLCODE. As you can also see in the STANDARD package, it doesn't default the parameter with SQLCODE, it has two implementations for this interface."
- Anonymous23 July, 2010 01:31
I hesitated about the answer that implied that SQLERRM returns the same as SQLERRM(SQLCODE); the result will only be *exactly* the same when called from within the exception handler, because some error messages include extra information that is supplied at runtime. For example:ReplyDelete
create table t (c number, constraint myconstraint check (c=1));
sqc number;
insert into t values (0);
when others then
dbms_output.put_line('Inner: SQLERRM(SQLCODE) = ' || SQLERRM(SQLCODE));
dbms_output.put_line('Inner: SQLERRM = ' || SQLERRM);
sqc := SQLCODE;
dbms_output.put_line('Outer: SQLERRM(' || sqc || ') = ' || SQLERRM(sqc));
Inner: SQLERRM(SQLCODE) = ORA-02290: check constraint (CRS.MYCONSTRAINT) violated
Inner: SQLERRM = ORA-02290: check constraint (CRS.MYCONSTRAINT) violated
Outer: SQLERRM(-2290) = ORA-02290: check constraint (.) violated
Notice that once we're outside the block, calling SQLERRM with the error code doesn't return the same error message.
- Anonymous23 July, 2010 13:26
I feel we are driving away from the original question/answers here:ReplyDelete
It was not said that SQLERRM returns the same as SQLERRM(SQLCODE) always. Dependent on the state of the error stack and the place where you call either, they may return a different string, as Patrick shows in his code sample. But that changes nothing about that SQLERRM without arguments takes the current value of SQLCODE as its lookup argument, like Steven showed in his sample, where he called both types in the same place (the Exception handler).
I may be missing something as well, but to me, re-reading the question and answers, it still feels there is nothing wrong with the question and the correctness of the answers.


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Mayor's Office
City Public Works and Utilities officials today told the City Council they are ready to handle more snow and ice with about $4.5 million available for future snow operations this winter. With funds remaining from last winter and newly budgeted amounts, the City had about $4.58 million available, and has used about $75,000 so far.
Street and Traffic Operations Manager Scott Opfer said Lincoln now has 2,700 lane miles of streets, and the City is divided into 19 routes for snow removal and material spreading operations. He said keeping major arterial streets and snow emergency routes cleared is the first priority during a storm. "The public can help a great deal by keeping their vehicles off the streets, staying home if possible and driving with caution if they do need to be out," Opfer said
The City can issue two types of snow removal parking bans:
Those living in cul-de-sacs are asked to move vehicles off the street when the even residential parking ban begins and to keep cars off the street until the area has been plowed. Specialized equipment is used in cul-de-sacs because regular plows are too large to maneuver well.
Public Works will continue to be proactive by applying anti-icing materials. Opfer said the mixture of salt and water acts like a "Teflon coating" to help minimize frost build-up and the development of "black ice" on streets and bridges. The material application also makes removal of snow and ice build-up easier.
The City reminds residents that it is illegal to push or blow snow into or on any street, alley or sidewalk When clearing sidewalks, residents should also clear wheelchair ramps, curb cuts and access to fire hydrants. Information on snow operations will be available from local media, City cable channels 5 and 10, the City Web site (lincoln.ne.gov) and the Windstream phone directory.


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Assessment |
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Animals · Animal ethology · Comparative psychology · Animal models · Outline · Index
| Mexican redknee tarantulaBrachypelma smithi
Mexican redknee tarantula
Brachypelma smithi
|Scientific classification
Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda, from Greek ἄρθρον, "joint", and ποδός, "foot") are the largest phylum of animals and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. Arthropods are characterised by the possession of a segmented body with appendages on each segment. They have a dorsal heart and a ventral nervous system. All arthropods are covered by a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, a polysaccharide, which provides physical protection and resistance to desiccation. Periodically, an arthropod sheds this covering when it moults.
More than 80% of described living animal species are arthropods,[1] with over a million modern species described and a fossil record reaching back to the late proterozoic era. Arthropods are common throughout marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and even aerial environments, as well as including various symbiotic and parasitic forms. They range in size from microscopic plankton (~¼ mm) up to forms several metres long. The largest living arthropod is the Japanese spider crab, with a leg span up to 3½ m (12 ft), and some prehistoric arthropods were even larger, such as Pterygotus and Arthropleura.
Basic arthropod structure Edit
The success of arthropods is related to their hard exoskeleton, segmentation, and jointed appendages. The appendages are used for feeding, sensory reception, defense, and locomotion. The muscle system is more or less assisted by hydraulics originated from the blood pressure created by the heart.[2] The hydraulic system in spiders is especially well developed.
Aquatic arthropods use gills to exchange gases. These gills have an extensive surface area in contact with the surrounding water. Terrestrial arthropods have internal surfaces that are specialised for gas exchange. Insects and most other terrestrial species have tracheal systems: air sacs leading into the body from pores called spiracles in the epidermis cuticle. Others use book lungs, or gills modified for breathing air as seen in species like the coconut crab. Some areas of the legs of soldier crabs are covered with an oxygen absorbing membrane. The gill chambers in terrestrial crabs sometimes have two different structures: one that is gilled and used for breathing underwater, and another specially adapted to take up oxygen from the air (a pseudolung). Arthropods also have a complete digestive system with both a mouth and anus.
Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Haemolymph containing haemocyanin, a copper-based oxygen-carrying protein (the copper makes the blood blue, unlike humans that use hemoglobin which uses iron that makes it red), is propelled by a series of hearts into the body cavity where it comes in direct contact with the tissues. Arthropods are protostomes. There is a coelom, but it is reduced to a tiny cavity around the reproductive and excretory organs, and the dominant body cavity is a haemocoel, filled with haemolymph which bathes the organs directly. The arthropod body is divided into a series of distinct segments, plus a pre-segmental acron which usually supports compound and simple eyes and a post-segmental telson. These are grouped into distinct, specialised body regions called tagmata. Each segment, at least primitively, supports a pair of appendages.
The cuticle in arthropods forms a rigid exoskeleton, composed mainly of chitin, which is periodically shed as the animal grows. They contain an inner zone (procuticle) which is made of protein and chitin and is responsible for the strength of the exoskeleton. The outer zone (epicuticle) lies on the surface of the procuticle. It is nonchitinous and is a complex of proteins and lipids. It provides the moisture proofing and protection to the procuticle. The exoskeleton takes the form of plates called sclerites on the segments, plus rings on the appendages that divide them into segments separated by joints. This is in fact what gives arthropods their name — jointed feet — and separates them from their relatives, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, also called Lobopoda (and which is sometimes included in a group called Panarthropoda that also includes arthropods). The exoskeletons of arthropods strengthen them against attack by predators and are impermeable to water. In order to grow, an arthropod must shed its old exoskeleton and secrete a new one. This process, ecdysis, is expensive in terms of energy, and during the moulting period, an arthropod is vulnerable.
Classification of arthropodsEdit
Arthropods are typically classified into five subphyla, of which one is extinct:[4]
- Trilobites are a group of formerly numerous marine animals that died in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.
- Chelicerates include spiders, mites, scorpions and related organisms. They are characterised by the presence of chelicerae.
- Myriapods comprise millipedes and centipedes and their relatives and have many body segments, each bearing one or two pairs of legs. They are sometimes grouped with the hexapods.
- Hexapods comprise insects and three small orders of insect-like animals with six thoracic legs. They are sometimes grouped with the myriapods, in a group called Uniramia, though genetic evidence tends to support a closer relationship between hexapods and crustaceans.
- Crustaceans are primarily marine (a notable exception being woodlice) and are characterised by having biramous appendages. They include lobsters, crabs, barnacles, and many others.
Aside from these major groups, there are also a number of fossil forms - mostly from the lower Cambrian - including anomalocarids, euthycarcinoids [5] and Arthrogyrinus which are difficult to place, either from lack of obvious affinity to any of the main groups or from clear affinity to several of them.
The phylogeny of the arthropods has been an area of considerable interest and dispute. The validity of many of the arthropod groups suggested by earlier authors is being questioned by recent studies; these include Mandibulata, Uniramia and Atelocerata. The most recent studies tend to suggest a paraphyletic Crustacea with different hexapod groups nested within it .[3][6] The remaining clade of Myriapoda and Chelicerata is referred to as Paradoxopoda or Myriochelata.
Since the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature recognises no priority above the rank of family, many of the higher groups can be referred to by a variety of different names .[7]
Evolution Edit
Arthropods are today almost universally considered to be monophyletic, i.e. they only arose once, a view supported by both morphological and molecular studies. Such a view contradicts the widespread view in the 1970s that the arthropods had evolved on several occasions from soft-bodied, annelid-like ancestors.
The closest relatives of the arthropods are usually considered to be the Tardigrada and Onychophora, together forming the monophyletic group Panarthropoda (the crustaceans, myriapods, chelicerates and insects are often referred to as "Euarthropoda" to distinguish them from their soft-bodied relatives). Comparison between these groups suggests that the euarthropods evolved from a soft-bodied ancestor not too dissimilar to the living onychophorans, a view that has found some support from the fossil record.
Traditionally the Annelida have been considered the closest relatives of these three phyla, on account of their common segmentation. Molecular data however, are strongly against this grouping (known as the Articulata), suggesting instead that the panarthropods belong in a clade including both the arthropods and various pseudocoelomates such as roundworms and priapulids that share with them growth by moulting, or ecdysis, from which its name, the Ecdysozoa. is derived. If this new grouping is correct, then segmentation of arthropods and annelids has either evolved through convergence, or has been inherited from a very deep ancestor, and has been subsequently lost in several other lineages, such as the non-arthropod members of the Ecdysozoa.
=See alsoEdit
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Leaders of the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized nations are likely to discuss the role of central banks and monetary policy at a summit in Northern Ireland next week, a German source said on Thursday.
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"It is understandable that there are different views of the role of central banks and monetary policy around the world," said the German official, noting that leaders of three euro zone states, the United States, Britain, Japan, Russia and Canada, would represent a wide range of views.
"The introduction of looser monetary policy could form part of the discussions," the official told reporters.
A sell-off on global markets is accelerating as fears grow that central banks may start to scale back stimulus measures that helped push asset prices to historic highs this year.
The U.S. Federal Reserve has hinted it may start to slow down its money-printing, although the Bank of Japan - encouraged by the government - began a massive monetary stimulus program to revive its stagnant economy in April.
To euro zone nations, especially Germany, an independent central bank with a focus on stability is sacrosanct.
"It is important that we understand that we in Europe and the euro zone have a European Central Bank whose main goal is stability and which is independent," said the German official.
"There are differences in other countries and that is part of the discussion," the official added.
Although some European politicians, including German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble, have voiced concern about Japan's monetary stimulus, the world's third biggest economy has escaped censure at recent meetings of the world's richest nations.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel will have a bilateral meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe during the summit, the official said.
(Additional reporting by Gernot Heller; Writing by Madeline Chambers; Editing by Catherine Evans)


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Indian Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the world. It is the smallest, geologically youngest, and physically most complex of the world's three major oceans. It stretches for more than 6,200 miles (10,000 km) between the southern tips of Africa and Australia and, without its marginal seas, has an area of about 28,360,000 square miles (73,440,000 square km). The Indian Ocean's average depth is 12,990 feet (3,960 metres), and its deepest point, in the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench off the southern coast of the island of Java (Indonesia), is 24,442 feet (7,450 metres).
The Indian Ocean is bounded by Iran, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh to the north; the Malay Peninsula, the Sunda Islands of Indonesia, and Australia to the east; Antarctica to the south; and Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to the west. In the southwest it joins the Atlantic Ocean south of the southern tip of Africa, and to the east and southeast its waters mingle with those of the Pacific Ocean.
The question of defining the oceanic limits of the Indian Ocean is complicated and remains unsettled. The clearest border and the one most generally agreed upon is that with the Atlantic Ocean, which runs from Cape Agulhas, at the southern tip of Africa, due south along the 20° E meridian to the shores of Antarctica. The border with the Pacific Ocean to the southeast is usually drawn from South East Cape on the island of Tasmania south along the 147° E meridian to Antarctica. Bass Strait, between Tasmania and Australia, is considered by some to be part of the Indian Ocean and by others to be part of the Pacific. The northeastern border is the most difficult to define. The one most generally agreed upon runs northwest from Cape Londonderry in Australia across the Timor Sea, along the southern shores of the Lesser Sunda Islands and of Java, and then across the Sunda Strait to the shores of the island of Sumatra. Between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula the boundary is usually drawn across the Singapore Strait.
There is no universal agreement on the southern limit of the Indian Ocean. In general (and for the purposes of this article), it is defined as extending southward to the coast of Antarctica. However, many—notably in Australia—consider the portion closest to Antarctica (along with the corresponding southern extensions of the Atlantic and Pacific) to be part of the Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean. Australians often call the entire expanse south of that continent's south coast the Southern Ocean.
The Indian Ocean has the fewest marginal seas of the major oceans. To the north are the inland Red Sea and Persian Gulf. The Arabian Sea is to the northwest, and the Andaman Sea to the northeast. The large gulfs of Aden and Oman are to the northwest, the Bay of Bengal is to the northeast, and the Great Australian Bight is off the southern coast of Australia.
The Indian Ocean differs from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in several other respects. In the Northern Hemisphere it is landlocked and does not extend to Arctic waters or have a temperate-to-cold zone. It has fewer islands and narrower continental shelves. It is the only ocean with an asymmetric and, in the north, semiannually reversing surface circulation. It has no separate source of bottom water (i.e., the Indian Ocean's bottom water originates outside its boundaries) and has two sources of highly saline water (the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea). Below the surface layers, especially in the north, the ocean's water is extremely low in oxygen.
Much of Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent are under the strong influence of an annual climatic cycle known as the Indian Ocean monsoon. The climate of this region is highly seasonal, alternating between clear skies with dry air (winter)…
Physiography and geology
The origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean is the most complicated of the three major oceans. Its formation is a consequence of the breakup, which began about 180 million years ago, of the southern supercontinent Gondwana (or Gondwanaland); by the movement to the northeast of the Indian subcontinent (beginning about 125 million years ago), which began colliding with Eurasia about 50 million years ago; and by the western movement of Africa and separation of Australia from Antarctica some 53 million years ago. By 36 million years ago, the Indian Ocean had taken on its present configuration. Although it first opened some 140 million years ago, almost all the Indian Ocean basin is less than 80 million years old.
Submarine features
Oceanic ridges and fracture zones
The oceanic ridges consist of a rugged, seismically active mountain chain that is part of the worldwide oceanic ridge system and still contains centres of seafloor spreading in several places. The ridges form an inverted Y on the ocean floor, starting in the upper northwest with the Carlsberg Ridge in the Arabian Sea, turning due south past the Chagos-Laccadive Plateau, and becoming the Mid-Indian (or Central Indian) Ridge. Southeast of Madagascar the ridge branches: the Southwest Indian Ridge continues to the southwest until it merges into the Atlantic-Indian Ridge south of Africa, and the Southeast Indian Ridge trends to the east until it joins the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge south of Tasmania. Most striking is the aseismic (virtually earthquake-free) Ninetyeast Ridge, which is the longest and straightest in the world ocean. First discovered in 1962, it runs northward along the 90° E meridian (hence its name) for 2,800 miles (4,500 km) from the zonal Broken Ridge at latitudes 31° S to 9° N and can be traced farther under the sediments of the Bay of Bengal. Other important meridional aseismic ridges include the Chagos-Laccadive, Madagascar, and Mozambique plateaus, which are not part of the global oceanic ridge system.
The fracture zones of the Indian Ocean offset the axis of the oceanic ridges mostly in a north-south direction. Prominent are the Owen, Prince Edward, Vema, and Amsterdam fracture zones along the ridges, with the immense Diamantina Fracture Zone found to the southwest of Australia.
Seamounts are extinct submarine volcanoes that are conically shaped and often flat-topped. They rise abruptly from the abyssal plain to heights at least 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) above the ocean floor. In the Indian Ocean, seamounts are particularly abundant between Réunion and Seychelles in the Central Indian Basin and the Vening Meinesz group near Wharton Basin. Bardin, Kohler, Nikitin, and Williams seamounts are examples.
Ocean basins
Ocean basins are characterized by smooth, flat plains of thick sediment with abyssal hills (i.e., features that are less than 3,300 feet high) at the bottom flanks of the oceanic ridges. The Indian Ocean's complex ridge topography led to the formation of many basins that range in width from 200 to 5,600 miles (320 to 9,000 km). From roughly north to south they include the Arabian, Somali, Mascarene, Madagascar, Mozambique, Agulhas, and Crozet basins in the west and the Central Indian (the largest), Wharton, and South Australia basins in the east.
Continental rise, slope, and shelf
The continental shelf extends to an average width of about 75 miles (120 km) in the Indian Ocean, with its widest points (190 miles [300 km]) off Mumbai (Bombay) on the western coast of India and off northwestern Australia. The island shelves are only about 1,000 feet (300 metres) wide. The shelf break is at a depth of about 460 feet (140 metres). Submarine canyons indent the steep slope below the break. The Ganges (Ganga) and Indus rivers of Asia and the Zambezi River of Africa have all carved particularly large canyons. Their sediment loads extend far beyond the shelf, form the rises at the foot of the slope, and contribute to the abyssal plains of their respective basins. The Ganges sediment cone is the world's widest and thickest.
The Indian Ocean has the fewest trenches of any of the world's oceans. The narrow (50 miles [80 km]), volcanic, and seismically active Java Trench is the world's second longest, stretching more than 2,800 miles (4,500 km) from southwest of Java and continuing northward as the Sunda Trench past Sumatra, with an extension along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The portion of that system adjacent to Sumatra was the centre of a massive undersea earthquake in 2004 (magnitude 9.1) that affected some 600 miles (1,000 km) of the associated fault zone. A series of devastating tsunamis generated by the quake swamped coastal towns, particularly in Indonesia, and reached to the northern end of the Bay of Bengal and as far as the Indian Ocean's western shores.


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Mayor Don Wesely has joined Gov. Mike Johanns and Pres. George W. Bush in declaring January, 2002 as "National Volunteer Blood Donor" Month, a time to thank those who unselfishly give the gift of life time and time again. Daily, across the nation, over 34,000 units of blood will be transfused to patients in need. Locally, 150 units (pints) are necessary to meet hospital demands and stay prepared
Daily, It is the committed blood donor that makes it possible for the premature infant, the transplant patient, the cancer patient and others to survive. In 2001, the Community Blood Bank's 11,000+ volunteer blood donors donated over 23,000 units. "These folks are truly the quiet heroes" in our community," states Mayor Wesely.
Nationwide, since Sept. 11th, the blood collection industry has taken a roller coaster ride. Initially, there was a tremendous outpouring of those willing to help, but the need for blood was not there. The nation's blood supply was at capacity for the first time in many years. At that time, volunteers were encouraged to sign up for future contact when the need would return. Now the need has returned, but unfortunately, most of those signing up for future contact have changed their mind. National Volunteer Blood Donor month is the time to think again about being a volunteer blood donor and making a difference in your community.
Requirements to donate:
Media Release


text: Hello, Tony: Could you take a look at the arch/arm patches in this series? Thanks! Changes since v3/4: - Fixed commit subjects and messages for OMAP3 related patches - Added Acked-by from Mark, and Jarkko Intro message from the original series: This series aims to correct how the McBSP FIFO is viewed, and handled. Introduction of the problem: OMAP McBSP FIFO is word structured: McBSP2 has 1024 + 256 = 1280 word long buffer, McBSP1,3,4,5 has 128 word long buffer This means, that the size of the FIFO depends on the McBSP word size configuration. For example on McBSP3: 16bit samples: size is 128 * 2 = 256 bytes 32bit samples: size is 128 * 4 = 512 bytes It is simpler to place constraint for buffer and period based on channels. McBSP3 as example again (16 or 32 bit samples): 1 channel (mono): size is 128 frames (128 words) 2 channels (stereo): size is 128 / 2 = 64 frames (2 * 64 words) 4 channels: size is 128 / 4 = 32 frames (4 * 32 words) Since now the McBSP codec supports not only 16bit samples (32biut has been recently added), the FIFO size handling is no longer correct, since it has been hard wired for 16bit word length. The series changes how the users of McBSP are configuring the FIFO: It used to be 0 based (0 meant 1 word threshold). After this series users can configure the threshold in 1 base mode (1 means 1 word threshold). The platform code now provides the full size of the FIFO in words, instead of the already limited value used in the past. In ASoC omap-mcbsp code hw_rule based constraint refinement is going to be used instead of the hardwired static constraint, which was correct only in case of 16bit word length. The hw_rule is refining the minimum buffer size based on the channel number going to be used by the coming stream. In case of threshold mode additional hw_rule refines the maximum allowed period size. The series are generated agains Takashi's sound-2.6: topic/asoc branch. CCing also Eduardo, and Eero since they have worked on the original FIFO/threshold implementation. All commetns and testers are welcome! Peter --- Peter Ujfalusi (5): OMAP: McBSP: Function to query the FIFO size OMAP3: McBSP: Change the way how the FIFO is handled OMAP3: McBSP: Use the port's buffer_size when calculating tx delay ASoC: omap-mcbsp: Save, and use wlen for threshold configuration ASoC: omap-mcbsp: Place correct constraints for streams arch/arm/mach-omap2/mcbsp.c | 10 ++-- arch/arm/plat-omap/include/plat/mcbsp.h | 2 + arch/arm/plat-omap/mcbsp.c | 51 ++++++++++----- sound/soc/omap/omap-mcbsp.c | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++------- 4 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)