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The Chairman
As per the Article 182 of the Indian Constitution, the Legislative Council shall have a Chairman. Members of the Council elect the Chairman of the House as per Rule 9 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Telangana Legislative Council.
The Chairman presides over the sittings of the House. He regulates the debates and proceedings of the House. He is charged with the maintenance of order in the House and enforces the observance of rules by the members. He determines when a member should be called to speak and how long he be allowed to speak. He can impose time-limit on speeches, whenever necessary.
The Chairman decides the admissibility of questions, resolutions and motions. The consent of the Chairman is necessary for the presentation of petitions to the House or for calling the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance.
The Chairman constitutes various committees and nominates the members and chairmen of the committees and issues directions for the organization of work and procedure to be followed..
Sri Kanakamamidi Swamy Goud
Sri Kanakamamidi Swamy Goud was born on July 5, 1954 in Kismathpaur village, Rajendranagar mandal, Ranga Reddy District. He did B.Sc. He married Manorama and has 1 son and 2 daughters.
He held several posts in TNGO Association. He led TNGO's historical 42 day Sakala Janula Samme for the cause of Statehood for Telangana.
Sri Swamy Goud was elected to Legislative Council in 2013 and was Floor Leader, TRS Party in the Council. He was elected as Chairman of the Telangana Legislative Council on 02.07.2014.
Email : email@example.com


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I am absolutely, definitely a bargain hunter – I will seek out a good deal wherever possible, and I am so used to trawling the net for a discount code before I buy anything that I kinda feel cheated if I don't find one prior to a purchase! Well…why pay full price if you can get away with it?!
I rarely go to TK Maxx because although I like a bargain I don't like being elbowed by people or having to go through piles of mess to find something. The store near me is a lot tidier recently I don't look for clothes there, just homeward and beauty items – I found some nice bits and pieces! First off…cosmetics!
They had lots of make up and beauty goods in TK Maxx, including Jemma Kidd and Nails Inc. I saw this nail polish set by Leighton Denny 'The Little Black Dress – Capsule Collection' with four minis for £7.99. It was the last one left! I have tried Leighton Denny polishes before and I find them really easy to apply and quite long lasting too:
Next up – I can't take credit for this find, it was who tweeted about this Guess How Much I Love You dinner set. I looked for this for weeks and it wasn't there just a cheaper looking Paddington Bear one. Suddenly when I wasn't looking- there was one set left! So I guess TK Maxx is varied like that.
This set is porcelain and comes with a bowl, plate and cup. It was just £6.99 and has a raised detail. the story actually annoys me – Big Nut Brown Hare is always trying to get one up on Little Nut Brown Hare!
I also found 2 things for the house a SIA candle holder in green for £4.99 and this one off clearance print which is a pretty bottle – reminds me of Guerlain Shalimar for just £3! On the back it says 'Glamour' by Adelene Fletcher. I believe it is hand painted, the gold of the painting is raised.
I also got some baby scissors with a curved end which I wanted as it's useful for me to carry small scissors around so the rounded ends mean I won't stab myself too much!
I do like TK Maxx now, one day I'll be patient enough to look through the clothes and shoes – maybe!
Where is your favourite bargain hunting shop?

subset: commoncrawl


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Topic: ViEmu 2010 100% CPU usage with the AnkhSvn plugin
I'm having the following issue with ViEmu 2010 (which didn't occur with ViEmu for VS2008) when focusing on the commit message editor in the AnkhSvn plugin:
* when I focus on the commit message editor window, ViEmu is in command mode
* I then press 'i' to go to insert mode, and enter my commit message
* if I accidentally press 'Esc', Visual Studio uses 100% CPU and I have to force-quit.
This can also happen if I start editing a commit message (i.e. ViEmu is in insert mode), then do something else (e.g. look at one of the files I want to commit), then focus back on the commit message editor window.
Not a huge issue - it doesn't cause me any problems so long as I remember not to hit 'Esc' in the Ankh commit message editor window (but I forget around once a week :-)
PS I forgot to mention how great ViEmu is
Last edited by zcrar70 (2011-03-04 10:03:48)


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2013-04-30 • Alabama Vital Records
Start: 12:08:48
Seventies: good afternoon alt
alt: what's up, Seventies?
Seventies: not much... irked a little.
alt: bout what?
Seventies: Gave a researcher advice to order a DC... but turns out they hadn't even really looked for the extract... someone else came in and found it... no problem
alt: par for the course for a "non-researcher", but a "drive-by genealogist".
Seventies: they had the exact date of death and all.... nothing else to do except to order it. But that's water under the bridge.
alt: yep,
Seventies: Y'all doing okay out there? No snow or anything like that? :}
alt: no snow, no rain, a beautiful day, posed to hit the high 70's.
Seventies: oh good. 60's here.
alt: yep, spring is in the air LOL
Seventies: So are itchy eyes and sneezing... lol
alt: Oops,
Seventies: Par for the course. Mostly the kids... Nice records you posted on your Reno and Adams families.
alt: when is your kids school out for the summer?
Seventies: Nearly the end of June.... June 23
alt: thanks re: records they still have a couple of months. l most
Seventies: that is so awesome. Are you SURE you're not related to Philip Michael Thomas from Miami Vice? A sista could use the hookup... lol lol lol
alt: sorry, can't help you there LOL
Seventies: Yes a couple more months before school lets out... There are lots of changes going on in the genea-sphere. I know I'm ready to go on this trip to Mississippi and TX...
alt: oh yes, it is amazing what you can find online.. and what folks are finding and writing about.
Seventies: I am excited about finding new records and family.
alt: me too. more so about finding new records "about" family.
Seventies: yea... I would like to get a list together of folks I'd like to get records on. I have of course a loose idea, but need to get a list. I'm looking for records on my folks in Wilkinson Co. MS I am also touching on my family from Alabama. The easiest family first are my Mixons of Autauga County.
alt: my "new" tact is to hook family names with events of interest during certain periods of time and see what I come up with.
Seventies: that's a good idea. anything come up yet? Any ideas from the OGS conference last weekend?
alt: I found the 1838 petition by Lewis Adams before the Ohio Senate
Seventies: what was Lewis Adams petitioning for?
alt: ownership of church property after the pastor died intestate and the State wanted to take possession of the land.
Seventies: ah... okay... Those are always interesting and intricate cases. So the outcome was obviously in their favor... always a good thing.
alt: not so, they (Church) lost the property
Seventies: no. wow. I thought the photos you posted on FB were of the church. that's unfortunate. alt, I'm all tapped out! lol I won't have anything juicy to discuss until I return from this trip.
alt: scroll down page 155 to "the Judiciary Committee" http://tinyurl.com/dycvz2z Hello Selma
Seventies: Hello Selma! All is well??
Selma: Afternoon alt and seventies... Yes...so far all is well
Seventies: good. alt, how many wills have you come across from that era?
alt: this guy, Lewis Adams, is becoming my hero.... He was into everything!!!! several Seventies .....
Seventies: Apparently so... I that's awesome too. Are there any books or bios about him? Lewis Adams? Ok I'm missing entire words here... lol sorry, I think that's awesome!
alt: he is a 3rd great grandfather Seventies..... a FPOC who was into the UGRR, an Abolitionist, early AME adherent, Civil Rights Activist fighting Ohio's Black Codes, etc.
Seventies: ok... nice!! Sounds like someone needs to write a book about him or at least he should be prominent in OH black history.
alt: this is the guy Honora sent me the record on from the Collection at Dillard Univ
Seventies: okay.. wow. That's interesting...
alt: he was just an "ordinary" guy Seventies
vkn: Howdy all
Seventies: the only college collection I've ever used is the one from LSU
alt: Hello vkn
Seventies: I may have to check out Dillard's website. hi vkn
vkn: glad to see y'all
alt: so you're doing well Selma, but what's up with you?
Seventies: Glad to see you too vkn.
Selma: Afternoon vkn
vkn: thankee
Seventies: Question for you vkn, your Alabama folks are from Baldwin Co. AL?
Selma: Had eye doc appointment yesterday..doing ok
alt: how do y'all like the 'new' search engine on FamilySearch?
Seventies: Honestly, I still miss the old one... lol
Selma: Alt..I saw your posting to the NC researcher..
Seventies: I found so many marriage record extracts...
vkn: No Calhoun, Talladega
Seventies: ok
vkn: and Cleburne
Seventies: ok
alt: Selma, that lady (?) has done some homework, don't mind helping someone like that.
Selma: I am going to post something....she needs to look for marriage records for all the children and death records..
Seventies: now see, I had a cousin who is infinitely more knowledgeable than I am regarding my AL folks who said we had a cousin who was once the Pres of Talledega College... I have not been able to prove it.
alt: yes, she has a lot to do, but she has a good start.
Selma: Leah does not appear in 1870 but does at age 21 in 1880..
Seventies: These people would long be dead. AND they have the most common surname Williams...
vkn: What is the name Seventies?
Seventies: Edward Williams.... Now if its not true... I'm not going to be bent out of shape. I'm just trying to find the family.
alt: Selma, and I found a Midgett living nearby in 1 of the census records 1870-1880 can't remember which.
Seventies: their mother Alphy/Alfy Williams died in the late 70's
vkn: hmmmmm not familiar but Frazine Taylor would know. She is an Alum and is volunteer archivist there
Seventies: She was the younger sister of my great grandmother Lucy... Is She on facebook?
vkn: prolly not
Seventies: um okay... well I'm sure the school has a website.. I'll check there for contact info. Aunt Alfy had children, almost all except one, with a white man....
vkn: She does have a website and can be contacted at the Institute in B'ham
Seventies: ok
vkn: Lives in Wetumpka
alt: at my age I think I've found enough relatives and with all of the stuff that is coming online I'm now trying to find out about who they were, what they did and what kind of record did they leave for the children, etc.
Seventies: that's one of those words that I can't pronounce... lol
vkn: Wee Tum Kah
Seventies: thank you vkn!
alt: vkn, how did your folks like the DVD on Lincoln?
vkn: Too long for most
Seventies: how long was the film, 3 hrs?
vkn: So we will do a study group next Sunday Alt a little better than 2 hours
alt: that sounds interesting vkn the study group
Seventies: okay that's a good amount of time
vkn: Did y'all get the news that Don Shirley joined the ancestors
Selma: Who is Don Shirley?
alt: the musician
vkn: Now Selma I would have expected that Q from Seventies but not from you lol
Selma: I listen to elevator music
Seventies: lol lol well I'm glad Selma asked and not me! lol
vkn: lol @ seventies
Seventies: vkn, I'm finally figuring out where to order records from in AL...
vkn: Alt was he at the 'Force or Central State
alt: he was at the 'Force vkn....
vkn: Tell me where Seventies
Seventies: Death and birth records at the Vital statics, marriage records through the ADAH.... yay me! :} Everything else, from what I understand so far, is at the county level
alt: do they have county level records before 1900 Seventies?
vkn: You prolly cannot get birth records Seventies marriage records for AL are on line seventies
Seventies: :{ even old ones I see extracts...
alt: Y'all se where 3rdthawkins was referred to as Mr. Hawkins by Terrence on the AfriGeneas posting about the use of 'widow' on census recxords
vkn: Only the immediate immediate family can get birth
Seventies: alt from my interaction with ADAH, no.... lol alt now... lol
Selma: It is not unusual to see folks listed as widows when they are not
alt: right Selma
Seventies: yes when they just got that poor man's divorce... lol
vkn: trueselma
alt: heck, many of them were never married to the father of their children to begin with, so how could they be his "widow".
Selma: I had a similar case in a family I research..the marriage was not a good one..when she returned to VA she was listed as a widow..
vkn: I have vitals for AL including birth for the 4 counties that I do plus Randolph in book form
Seventies: keeping up appearances.. really?
Selma: He died after her
vkn: Yuppers and maybe a few more like Clay and Cherokee
Seventies: Hey all, I have to get going... behave, okay??? :}
alt: why, Seventies behave, that is?
Seventies: lol that was specifically for you alt... lol
Selma: We have to behave..none of us can move that fast anymore
vkn: behoove us to behave lol
Seventies: byeeee lol
Selma: I gotta run too folks..have a great day Bye
alt: okay
vkn: Me too
alt: that is a wrap for today LOL


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Monday, January 30, 2012
A Room for Valentine's
17 comments :
- Claudia said...
Love these rooms... Thank you for sharing. Lots of inspiration.
- January 30, 2012 at 6:27 PM
- Christine said...
Love All these Valentines Rooms! Thanx for Sharing!
Love all your beautiful pics on your Blog!
- January 30, 2012 at 6:48 PM
- Andrea said...
I love all these images, and especially love that first bedroom. I never used to be a fan of red, but I find myself craving it more and more lately =)
- January 30, 2012 at 6:48 PM
- nannykim said...
enjoyed all the red; esp the bathroom and the checked spreads in the bedroom!
- January 30, 2012 at 7:15 PM
- Penny @ The Comforts of Home/Flea Market Makeovers said...
I am not Valentine decor type person.....but I am a Country French red check/toile/ticking type person and this checked all of my boxes. Thanks for the inspiration!
- January 30, 2012 at 7:52 PM
- Deserae said...
Such gorgeous happy rooms....I want to live in all of them!!! LOL
Thanks for sharing such wonderful eye candy :o)
- January 30, 2012 at 8:22 PM
- Denise at PinkPostcard. said...
I just love red and white. I still think someday I will break away from my greens and pastels and go with this classic. Beautiful inspiration.
- January 30, 2012 at 11:02 PM
- It's me said...
Wowwwwww....and than you woman in red ???...hahahha...lovely week ...xxx...
- January 31, 2012 at 12:12 AM
- Andaje said...
Ahhh those two comfy chairs with the union jack inspired pillows.... me want :o)
- January 31, 2012 at 9:56 AM
- tarapatices said...
Perfect choices!!! :)
- January 31, 2012 at 11:27 AM
- Allyson said...
How cute! I love that blanket in the fourth picture. Thanks for sharing!
- January 31, 2012 at 11:57 AM
- Budget Design Girl said...
Great photos! I love them all, but especially that living room with the pop of red from the buffalo plaid chair.
I'd love to add some red to a few of my rooms. Thanks for the inspiration!
- January 31, 2012 at 1:16 PM
- Leslie said...
Yes, I love these rooms! The adorable powder room is one of my favorites! There's something so happy about red, isn't there? Great inspiration, and thanks for sharing!!
- January 31, 2012 at 2:40 PM
- Scrubbybubbles(sue) said...
Wow...how beautiful!!!
- January 31, 2012 at 6:58 PM
- Hayley said...
Lovely pictures as always...and I love that pink and red combination...its all over my house all year round!! xx
- February 1, 2012 at 12:39 PM
- Sarah said...
These images make me want to make some changes around here. LOL
Happy Valentine's Day! ~ sarah
- February 2, 2012 at 8:22 AM
- Deena said...
I'm in love with your puppy too. So adorable. We lost our beloved lab (Augie) a couple of years ago but we still have Jake. You can see him on my NEW blog (just two weeks old). I hope you will drop by and join my blog to check out all about farm life, decorating, cooking, and much more. Give that puppy a hug for me.
- February 14, 2012 at 2:11 PM


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Photos: The career and good deeds of Bobby Orr
Photos: The career and good deeds of Bobby Orr
For decades, away from the public eye, Bruins great Bobby Orr has counseled and comforted the sick and dying, the disabled and disenfranchised, the poor and grieving.
Orr in the mid-1960s, at 14, when he became Bruins property and commuted 300 miles round-trip to play for Boston's junior team, the Oshawa Generals.
In 1966, at 18, he was Boston's most hotly anticipated rookie. Yet he seemed unfazed by the hype and took pains to project himself as just another Bruin.
Orr in 1966. His No. 27 jersey and No. 37 gloves indicate this photo may have been taken on one of his first days with the team.
From left, Derek Sanderson, Orr, and Phil Esposito in 1970. "Bobby felt very strongly about how you should act. It came to him naturally," Sanderson said.
Orr's most legendary goal, May 10, 1970, gave Boston its first Stanley Cup in 29 years.
In the late 1970s, Orr found Sanderson was abusing drugs and alcohol. "He helped save me,'' Sanderson said. "Bobby knew it wasn't going to be an easy process, and he never gave up."
Orr's agent, Alan Eagleson, arranged a trade to the Black Hawks in 1976, possibly by withholding details of Boston's offer. Orr retired in 1978.
Orr attended the Boston Garden's closing ceremony in 1995.
Canadian astronaut Robert Thirsk recreated Orr's goal while orbiting Earth in 1996, wearing one of Orr's game jerseys and his 1970 Stanley Cup ring.
Thirsk became part of Orr's second life, when he rebuilt his wealth and found more time to give back to friends and strangers.
Bobby Orr posed with the Gordon family, who live in Hingham.
In an interview last week, Orr declined to discuss his good deeds. "I don't do things to get ink,'' he said. "I just sneak along and do my thing and meet wonderful people."
Bobby Orr holding Kevin Keyes Jr., 6, a hockey fan who is legally blind. "He is the nicest, most generous, most sincere person my children will ever meet," Kevin's father said.
Decades after his retirement, children like Gabe Elie, 7, still look up to Orr. "Some kids at school talk about Justin Bieber,'' said his father, Joe Elie. "Gabe wants to talk about Bobby Orr.''
Orr's autobiography, "Orr: My Story,'' is scheduled for release Oct. 15.


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Welcome to our Heaven on Earth! We are a family owned and operated, insured transportation service provider. We look forward for the opportunity to be of service. Need to go to and from the airport or just about anywhere on the Big Island, we can accommodate. Just yourself or a large group, we aim to provide great services. Ask us about our private services and tours. We also offer Fresh Flower Lei greetings for $12.95/person. A great way to start off your vacation, honeymoon or conference in Hawaii!
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text:
Welcome to the NIH Medical Student Research Fellowship Program
Welcome! You have reached the home page of the NIH Medical Student Research Fellowship Program (MSRF) at the College of Medicine of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. The Program enables UT medical students, selected on a competitive basis, to engage in individualized research projects under the supervision of College of Medicine faculty investigators in both basic science and clinical science departments during the summer or off-quarters. Over 500 medical students have participated in the MSRF Program since its inception in 1980. Currently supported by a five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health, the Program provides stipends of $1,731 per month with a maximum stipend of $5,193 for a three-month appointment. Fellowship stipends are available for 24 students per year.
The MSRF Program introduces students to biomedical research and to careers in academic medicine, and provides an excellent opportunity for professional and academic growth. An article about the MSRF Program entitled Impact of Medical Student Research in the Development of Physician-Scientists has recently been published in the Journal of Investigative Medicine (May 2003). Please click on the links (left) for more detailed programmatic information.
The principal investigator for the NIH Medical Student Research Fellowship Program
grant is Solomon S. Solomon, M.D., Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology. The Program is administered through the College of Medicine Dean's Office.


text:
Golfers Finish Seventh at Rose Inviteby Brent Harris • April 4, 2011 Share:
The Wabash golf team finished seventh over the weekend at the Rose-Hulman Invitational.
Michael Piggins led the Wabash "A" team with a 171 (86-85) over the two days of golf at Hulman Links in Terre Haute, Indiana. He finished tied for 22nd. Jordan Koch tied for 36th after shooting a 175 (87-88). Teammate Luke Moton also shot at 175 (88-87), while Seth Hensley finished with a 178 (90-88) to finish 42nd. Jake German tied for 47th place (94-88=182).
Scott Morrison led the Wabash "B" squad by tying for 34th place with a total of 174 strokes (85-89). Ben Foster tied for 40th with a 177 (82-85).
The Wabash "A" team shot 699 as a group (351-348). The "B" team finished ninth with a total of 740 strokes (381-359).


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The Beginning: Presidents William Wightman (1854-1859) and Albert M. Shipp (1859-1875)
December 2, 1850 - The Rev. Benjamin Wofford of Spartanburg dies, leaving a bequest of $100,000 to found a college "for literary, classical and scientific education in his native district." Trustees are to be elected by the South Carolina Conference of the Methodist Church.August 1, 1854 - The college opens for its first session with an enrollment of seven students. A future Methodist bishop, William Wightman, is the first president. Five of the original six buildings, including "Old Main," still stand on the campus and are in daily use.July 1856 - Wofford confers its first degree upon Samuel Dibble, a transfer student from the College of Charleston. Dibble goes on to enjoy a distinguished business and civic career in Orangeburg, SC, and, in the 1880s, serves four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.July 12, 1859 - With Charles Petty as the first president, the first alumni association is organized. The motto, originally in Greek, is "We, the adopted, honor the mother who nourished us."May 1864 - Trustees invest virtually all of the college's endowment in Confederate currency, bonds, and other soon-to-be-worthless securities.1869 - The first Greek letter social fraternities, including a still-active chapter of Kappa Alpha, are installed on the campus.
President James H. Carlisle (1875-1902)
1875 - James H. Carlisle becomes president, serving through 1902. Sometimes called the "greatest South Carolinian of his day," Carlisle was known throughout the South as an inspirational teacher of ethics and morals.January 1889 - The first issue of the Wofford Journal appears; it is thought to be the oldest continuously published college literary magazine in the South."Sweet Sixteen"1889 - Wofford graduates a distinguished class known as "the Sweet Sixteen." Its members included a United States Senator, the first president of Duke University, the bishop who founded Southern Methodist University, and a chemical engineer who made breakthrough discoveries in paint and varnish technology.December 14, 1889 - Wofford and Furman play South Carolina's first intercollegiate football game.November 6, 1895 - Professors Henry Nelson Snyder and A.G. Rembert represent Wofford as 10 leading colleges and universities meet in Atlanta to form the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, which became the regional accrediting agency. Primarily because some faculty members taught in the "fitting" or "preparatory" school, Wofford does not become a charter member, but meets SACS standards in 1921. (The founder of this organization is considered to be the distinguished Chancellor James H. Kirkland of Vanderbilt University, an 1877 Wofford graduate).President Henry Nelson Snyder (1902-1942)
1902 - Dr. Henry Nelson Snyder begins his 40-year administration as president. He is generally credited with establishing Wofford's academic reputation. In his first decade as president, he secures the funds needed to build a science hall, a library building and a large new residence hall.1904 - Trustees decide to admit only men as students, ending a period when women had attended Wofford as "day students." (Between this date and 1975, a few faculty wives and daughters were accepted as students, and women were admitted as graduate students during a period when master's degrees were offered.)December 29, 1919 - Wofford becomes one of the first church-related colleges in the United States to receive a unit of the infantry Reserve Officers' Training Corps. While participation has never been compulsory, the military science department has remained an integral part of Wofford since that time. Approximately 2,000 Wofford graduates have received officers' commissions in the Army, Army Reserve or Army National Guard.February 1928 - 21 Wofford students, under the direction of Professor James A. "Graveyard" Chiles, form a club they call the Deutscher Verein. Seeing the need for an international honor society devoted to the study of German language and literature, the Wofford group goes on to form Delta Phi Alpha, which has grown to more than 30,000 living members with a headquarters at the University of Hawaii-Manoa. Wofford's Alpha Chapter is still active.June 1933 - Faculty and staff finish a Depression year during which they work without pay for seven months. Wofford has accumulated an operating deficit approaching $187,000, and almost one-third of the $700,000 endowment is "non-productive." Emergency measures are necessary, but within four years, Wofford is relatively comfortable and again operating in the black. By 1942 and the coming of World War II, the college is debt-free.Installation of Phi Beta KappaJanuary 14, 1941 - Wofford receives a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the prestigious liberal arts honor society. Today, there are 250 of these chapters across the country and only three in South Carolina. The independent colleges and universities in the Carolinas with Phi Beta Kappa chapters are Davidson, Duke, Furman, Wake Forest and Wofford.President Walter K. Greene (1942-1952)
August 1942 - The only alumnus or alumna to serve as president of Wofford, Dr. Walter K. Greene (1903), takes office as Dr. Snyder retires. He serves as president of both Wofford and Columbia Colleges for a brief period in the early 1950s as the Methodist Church tries to decide what do to with its colleges.
February 22, 1943 - Wofford classes move to Converse and Spartanburg Junior Colleges while the Army uses the campus to train "pre-flight" aviation cadets. Although most young men are in the armed services, some civilian classes resume on the campus in September 1944.Spring 1948 - Wofford begins the "King Teen" program, one of the first merit scholarship competitions in the country. Its successor program, Wofford Scholars, continues today. President Francis Pendleton Gaines (1952-1958)
September 1,1952 - Francis Pendleton Gaines becomes president. His major achievement is attracting Spartanburg textile executive Roger Milliken to the Wofford Board of Trustees.
1953 - The Spartanburg County Foundation presents Wofford with a small planetarium for use by the college and youth groups in the community. For a generation, this is the only public planetarium in South Carolina, and hundreds come to the campus to enjoy faculty-student presentations on astronomy.President Charles F. Marsh (1958-1968)
September 1958 - Charles F. Marsh becomes president. During his administration, enrollment is allowed to rise gradually to a self-imposed ceiling of 1,000 men. Many new buildings are constructed, including the Milliken Science Building, the Sandor Teszler Library, the Burwell student and food service center, and three new residence halls.
May 12, 1964 - Wofford Trustees issue a formal statement that prospective students will be judged according to standards uniformally applied "regardless of race or creed." When Albert W. Gray of Spartanburg enrolls in the fall, Wofford becomes one of the first historically white independent colleges in the "Cotton Belt" South to admit African-Americans voluntarily. Today, about 9 percent of Wofford students are African-Americans, and their retention and graduation rates are higher than those for the student body as a whole.January 1968 - Wofford adopts the 4-1-4 academic calendar, which allows students to spend the month of January working on a special "project." Many use this opportunity to do independent study or undertake travel-study tours with faculty. President Marsh lists this innovation as the major accomplishment of his administration.President Paul Hardin III (1968-1972)September 1, 1968 - Paul Hardin III becomes president, serving for almost four years before leaving to become president of Southern Methodist University and, later, chancellor at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. During a time of turmoil on college campuses, Hardin institutes a number of reforms, including "The Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities." Beverage alcohol is now permitted in certain places on campus, and compulsory "chapel" assemblies are abolished.President Joab M. Lesesne, Jr. (1972-2000)
June 30, 1972 - Joab M. Lesesne Jr. becomes president.
1973 - The golf team, coached by Earle Buice, is host for the NAIA national championship tournament and wins it. This achievement is believed to represent the first national championship won by a South Carolina college or university in any sport.June 1973 - Wofford receives $400,000 from the National Endowment for the Humanities to implement a revised and expanded humanities curriculum. The approved proposal provides for graduation requirement changes, two new majors, seminar-type humanities courses, and reading and writing laboratories.September 1973 - South Carolina Tuition Grant program is implemented, with about 100 students receiving $150,000. By 1974, this number had climbed to 201 with a total of $283,000.December 1973 - C. Edward Coffey '74 is selected as the fifth Rhodes Scholar from Wofford. (Dr. Coffey now heads the department of psychiatry at Detroit's internationally respected Henry Ford Medical Center).September 1974-The South Carolina Conference of the United Methodist Church approves a plan to expand the Board of Trustees from 21 to 27 members and abandons a traditional quota of 11 lay members and 10 clergy Trustees. "Old Main," the four original faculty homes, and the surrounding section of the campus are designated as a National Historic District.Full Coeducation Instituted by TrusteesOctober 1975-After a thorough study, the Board of Trustees approves the faculty's recommendation to institute full, residential coeducation at Wofford. By the fall of 1978, the freshmen class is composed of 221 men and 79 women.May 1977-The Truman Scholars program begins, and Wade Ballard '79 is South Carolina's first winner. Since then, four more Wofford students have claimed the prestigious honor.March 1980 - Trustee "Gus" Papadopoulos '54 provides the funds for a weekend faculty/staff retreat to Fripp Island. Small groups discuss "The Essence of Wofford's Future." The concept is so successful that it becomes an (almost) annual event. Papadopoulos later becomes the first Wofford alumnus to pass the $1 million milestone in lifetime contributions to his alma mater.June 1980 - First sessions of a Summer Program for Academically Talented Students (Grades 5-9) are held.January 1981 - $4.2 million Campus Life Building opens with a basketball game against The Citadel and a Theatre Workshop Production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.November 1983 -U.S. News & World Report publishes the first in its series of higher education ratings, placing Wofford among "America's Best Colleges." Wofford continues to do well in these annual surveys, ranking in the top three among "Southern regional liberal arts colleges" for five straight years before being promoted to a "national liberal arts college."December 1983 - Wofford receives a $500,000 gift from The Abney Foundation of Greenwood, SC, to establish the John Pope Abney Memorial Scholarship Fund. Subsequent contributions have continued to increase the endowment and scope of this program.December 27, 1983 - Fisher DeBerry '60 is named head football coach at the Air Force Academy. In his second season as head coach, he posts a 12-1 record, wins a bowl game, and is chosen the NCAA Division I coach of the year. As of fall 2004, DeBerry is still going strong as the Falcons' head coach, earning respect for his hard work and integrity while winning consistently against tough opposition.January 1985 - Danny Morrison '75 becomes Wofford's first full-time director of athletics. This sets the stage for Trustee approval of a plan for Wofford to join the NCAA. Morrison's highly successful administration of the athletics program continues through 1996, when he is promoted to senior vice president.March 1985 - President Lesesne becomes the first Southerner to be chairman of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities (NAICU). During the eighties, he also serves on the board of directors of the prestigious American Council on Education, and as president of the Southern University Conference.November 1985 - Collier Slade '87 travels around the world studying the problem of global deforestation as the first annual Presidential International Scholar. Normally a rising senior, this individual is personally chosen by the president as the singular student best fitted to benefit humankind. Following their year of travel, the Scholars return to the campus to complete their studies.June 1986 - Dr. Talmage Skinner '56 becomes the college's campus minister, improving spiritual life on the campus and developing student volunteer programs.October 1986 - The Neofytos D. Papadopoulos Building opens and becomes "Wofford's New Front Door." The dedication of this new building on North Church Street is followed by extensive landscaping projects, including the Thomas B. Butler Circle and its trident fountain, designed by Harold Crisel of Bridgehamption, New York. The adjacent and incorporated Hugh S. Black Hall is extensively renovated for use by the admissions and financial aid offices in observance of the building's centennial in 1988.May 1987 - Trustees approve the year-long work of a planning task force chaired by President Lesesne and Trustee Chairman Russell King '56. Adoption of this Masterplan signals new momentum and sets dramatically new goals for the college. The total cost estimate for fully implementing the Masterplan exceeds $100 million.September 1989 - The F.W. Olin Foundation announces a $5.5 million gift to Wofford for a new academic building featuring first-rate computer and video teaching technology. The building is dedicated in May 1992, in colorful ceremonies.The Campaign for WoffordJune 1990 - College launches The Campaign for Wofford: An Investment in People, a $33.3 million drive to provide the first one-third of the funding for the 1987 Masterplan. Successful completion of this effort is announced in December 1991, after three gifts of $1 million each from Trustee Roger Milliken, Milliken & Company and the Reeves Foundation, Inc.; and $500,000 from the Close Foundation.September 1990 - Construction of a new dormitory for women begins, increasing residence hall capacity to 962 students.September 1991 - Wofford has its first Goldwater Scholar, Jay E. Harris '93, and launches the Bonner Scholars Program to provide financial aid for deserving students and to encourage volunteerism.May 1992 - The new John E. Reeves tennis center is dedicated, and the golf team plays host to the NCAA Division II national tournament.July 1992 - Wofford shares in the estate of Mrs. Charles E. Daniel. Her will establishes three professorships ($2.25 million) and provides an additional $10 million for the general endowment.Richardson Building, Gibbs Stadium, and the PanthersMay 1994 - Jerry Richardson '59 is the owner and founder of the Carolina Panthers of the NFL. To attract the team's summer training camp to Spartanburg, the people of the city and various agencies contribute the money needed to build the Richardson Physical Activities Building and Gibbs Stadium on newly acquired land north and east of the campus. The Panthers make their first visit to the college in July and August 1995.September 1995 - Wofford becomes a member of NCAA Division I in athletics, competing at the I-AA level in football. Wofford fields additional women's sports teams in soccer, golf and track. In December, Wofford accepts an invitation to join the Southern Conference, effective with the 1997-98 academic year. The Terriers are very competitive in their first season and capture conference awards for sportsmanship and graduation rates among student-athletes.December 1996 - A study by the Institute for International Education of Students reveals that Wofford leads the nation in sending students abroad to earn academic credit. Almost one of every five students during the year 1994-95 studied in a foreign country, with the experiences ranging from a full-year at a foreign universities to travel projects during the January Interim.1997 - The distinguished historian of Southern politics, Dr. Dewey Grantham, comes to Wofford for the spring semester as the first Lewis P. Jones Visiting Professor in the department of history. The endowed chair had been established in April 1996 with a gift from Mr. and Mrs. George Dean Johnson Jr. In September, A $1 million gift from the Perkins-Prothro Foundation of Wichita Falls, TX, creates an endowed chair in the department of religion for the chaplain of the college.March 1997 - Wofford alumni Rudy Mancke '67, host of the award-winning SCETV program Naturescene, and the late, pioneering radiologist Dr. Eugene P. Pendergrass '16 are inducted into the South Carolina Hall of Science and Technology.March 1998 - Trustee respond to a matching gift challenge from Trustee Roger Milliken and approve plans to build a new residence hall and science building. The William Preston Few organ is installed in Leonard Auditorium.President Benjamin B. Dunlap (2000-Present)
July 2000 - Benjamin B. Dunlap, Chapman Professor of Humanities, becomes Wofford's tenth president. He replaces Joab M. Lesesne Jr., who retires after serving since 1972.
April 2001 - The Roger Milliken Science Center opens, housing the departments of biology, chemistry, physics and psychology.October 2001 - The "voice of Wofford," the original college bell cast by the famous Meneely Foundry in West Troy, NC, is restored and again rings out proudly from the west tower of "Old Main." It is part of an ongoing effort to preserve and modernize the historic academic building.April 2002 - the United Methodist Education Foundation names Biologist Dr. Ellen Goldey the Outstanding Educator of the Year. Ben Foster '02 wins the Arthur Ashe Jr. Award as the outstanding male African-American College Athlete (Black Issues in Higher Education magazine).Novel ExperienceSeptember 2002 - Freshman humanities classes enjoy "The Novel Experience" as part of their orientation. They read the novel Middle Passage, write essays for publication, and hear from the author, Charles Johnson. This idea of "The Novel Experience" has continued and is now a key part of Orientation each year, introducing many notable authors to the Wofford campus.November 2002 - The entire 150-acre campus is designated as the "Wofford Arboretum" in ceremonies featuring horticulturalist Michael Dirr and landscape architect Rick Webel. The college is a member of the American Association of Botanical Arboreta. Nearly 4,500 trees were planted between 1992 and 2002, representing 97 native varieties.November 2003 - The Terrier football team sweeps through its Southern Conference season undefeated and advances to the NCAA-Division I semifinals. Mike Ayers is the 2003 winner of The Sports Network's Eddie Robinson Award, signifying Division I-AA's National Coach of the Year.February 2004 - The Russell C. King Field opens, making the return of Terrier baseball to a campus venue. Allyn Steele '05 is selected as a second team (top 40) member of USA Today's 2004 All-USA College Academic teams. He is the only representative of a South Carolina college or university.2004 - The Anna Todd Wofford Center in a renovated portion of Andrews Field House provides additional office and meeting space for women's organizations and other student groups. Ongoing improvements to the Campus Life Building include a new commons area and the McMillan Theater.2007 - Renovation of "Old Main" classrooms, offices and Leonard Auditorium completed.
For a more detailed chronology covering the years 2000-the present, click here.


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Le Crotoy is a nice little seaside town in the Picardie region on the Somme estuary.It is about 15 miles from the coastal town of Cayeux-sur-Mer
The Friday morning market in Le Crotoy starts around 9am and finished about 2 pm.In the Summer they also have the market on a Tuesday in July and August.The market is easy to find just head for the sea front.The stalls are set out along the sea wall. There were about 40 stalls when we visited so you had a nice mix of items to buy.
The start of the market
With any French market you can always find first class fruit and veg stalls
Flowers and plants are very popular in France
You can see how close to the estuary the market is to the sea
A good mix of stalls something for everyone
It is a nice market to walk round you have the stalls on the seaside.On the other side you have small shops and cafes to look round.When we visited there was a cool breeze off the sea so a hot coffee was very welcome.
I bought a nice Hat for 10 euros on this stall
Small semi-detached villa on the seafront, the feet in the water on the coast is of Cotentin - in the immediate vicinity of the golf of Fontenay-sur-mer. Ideal for long walk on the beach, in a very quiet location. Near the beaches of the d-day allies in 44. comfortable - terrace - private garden>
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Seasonal rental each year since 2004, on 2200 m2 closed grounds, spacious villa (170 m2) in Ansouis 84240, Luberon South 30 km from Aix en Provence- for
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Wonderful character property CIRCA 1750 completely restored and income generating for 13+ years. The estate comprises of 4+ acres of land (lawns, pasture,
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Between the Gorges du Verdon and the Mediterranéan coast, next to Cotignac and Carces, A beautiful villa with swimming pool (10x5 m) amidst the côte
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A lovely Bastide style house situated in the foothills of the Cévennes, A few minutes from the charming village of Anduze. Surrounded by woodland and
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Situated in the quiet village of Belvianes-et-Cavirac With the Aude river behind us and only 3km from the nearest town where you will find all amenities
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About the Cottage We have an 18th century Oak beamed cottage, sleeping up to 6 people, A stunning above ground Swimming pool (18x12ft), the location
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Delightful recently renovated three bedroom family home over three floors on a 1000m2 plot Ground floor: tiled entrance hall, utility kitchen garage,
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This 2 Bedroom Stone Built House with Terrace plus Garden + land (640sq/m) a few meters away is located in a secluded hamlet with beautiful views. Ground
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5 acres of partly constructible, south-facing wooded land for sale With spring-fed fishing lake, ponds, stream and a little building for renovation/completion.
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For sale - appartement Paris 75009 : a 3 room duplex apartment in perfect state of 46 square meters (including 31 square meters Loi Carrez, aveYraged
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LARGE INVESTMENT PROPERTY FOR SALE IN LOVELY MEDIEVAL MARKET TOWN Very large house spread over 3 floors - total floor area over 600m2! Ground floor is
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Fantastic Listed 16th Historical 4 Story House with Garage Situated in centre of medieval market town on Eymoutiers in the Limousin 87120 Stone and half-timber
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LAND AND HOUSE FOR SALE IN THE BÉARN REGION, PYRÉNÉES-ATLANTIQUE Situated in the heart of the Béarn region in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques, a parcel of land
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An apartment in a villa containing only 4 flats, Is offered for sale with splendid views over the bay of Villefranche/ Cap Ferrat Within 2 minutes away
Sunny apartment in south west area of Paris 16e/Boulogne; Last 12 floor of the building with a fantastic 360° view of Paris!!! With a big balcony, hardwood
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In Saint Jean Pied de Port ( Basque country ), in the historic center, rue de la Citadelle, 30 m from the reception of the Pilgrim, is this beautiful Gite
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A lovely partially renovated stone family house in the Charente region of France. This is very close to the town of Montmoreau and approximately twenty
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Pretty, detached two-bedroom stone house in La Creuse, Limousin €118,000 negotiable plus Notaire's fees Situated on a tiny lane leading to a footpath,
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Vimy Ridge famous WWl battlefield photos of our visit and our guide to the site
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Montreuil sur Mer France a old town with ramparts photos of our visit and travel guide to the town.
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Stunning converted barn, St Sulpice les Feuilles, 87160, Haute Vienne Price €199,999 A lovely converted barn, set in a socially active and friendly hamlet
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Semi-detached stone farmhouse located at the edge of a pretty village in the Lot. A great location for all the tourist attractions of the Lot and the
Montreuil sur Mer Citadel and ramparts photos taken on our visit to the fortress tourist information.
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Asking Price: 25000 Euros. A semi-detached house in the centre of a small but vibrant Vosgean village that is very friendly to non-French people.
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Successful Kennels/Cattery for sale currently run by couple in late 60's. Premature sale due to health problems. The Kennels have been in existence
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Montreuil-sur-mer a French town travel guide.Find a hotel or gite accommodation in Northern France for your holidays
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Home Page Northern France index Le Crotoy market Northern France
The market at Le Crotoy
You can buy sunflowers in most markets in France
Bicycle Hire at Le Crotoy
A clothes shop near the sea front
A Guest house in Le Crotoy
Sign and an old building in Wamin
The seaside village of Wissant
Sign and an old building in Wamin
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"Has anybody here seen my old friend John,
"Can you tell me where he's gone?
"He freed a lotta people, but it seems the good die young,
"But I just looked around and he's gone. ..."
The lyrics are culled from the iconic song by Dion from 1968: "Abraham, Martin, John and Bobby."
Abraham Lincoln (killed in 1865), Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1968), John F. Kennedy (1963) and Robert F. Kennedy (1968).
Dion's song has been reprised by every singer from Kenny Rogers to Marvin Gaye to Leonard Nimoy (yes, Mr. Spock).
Abraham, Martin, John and Bobby were transformational figures assassinated in their prime during spates of senseless gun violence. As the song says, "... the good die young ..."
Those four were men; now we are talking little children. The stakes were raised astronomically in what became the most impactful story of 2012.
We witnessed that reality on Friday, Dec. 14 at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. A total of 27 people were assassinated there, including 20 young and innocent children, in cold-blooded fashion. Each victim was shot between three and 11 times.
One dictionary defines "assassinate" this way: "To murder (a prominent person) by surprise attack, as for political reasons."
Now, I dare anyone tell any of the grieving parents their 6- or 7-year-old child isn't "a prominent person."
"... the good die young ..."
It's obvious there is a war on children in this country - in epidemic proportions. There are school shootings. There are countless cases of child molestation.
It seems every day we wake up to news about a young child suddenly gone missing, only to be found dead a month later in a remote ditch or wooded area somewhere in a grieving nation.
We don't need to watch Syria each morning on CNN to see young children assassinated. It's in our own backyard - urban and rural. Newtown, Conn., an idyllic setting fresh out of a Robert Frost poem and a Euell Gibbons nature book, is a tragedy that has shaken the earth to its core - an international catastrophe that has alarmed anyone with a sobering conscience.
And then the president spoke about our home-grown epidemic. In his "Enough is Enough" speech during a prayer vigil in Newtown on Dec. 16, Barack Obama said: "Since I've been president, this is the fourth time we have come together to comfort a grieving community torn apart by mass shootings, fourth time we've hugged survivors, the fourth time we've consoled the families of victims."
Obama obviously was counting the shooting sprees in Tucson, Ariz., on Jan. 8, 2011, which involved Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords; in Aurora, Colo., on July 20, 2012, which involved the movie theater; in Oak Creek, Wis., on Aug. 5, 2012, which involved the Sikh temple, and, of course, Newtown. The White House may have comforted each community in a personal sense, but the reality of incidents is much larger in scope than those four Air Force One arrivals to the scene.
Newtown wasn't just the fourth mass shooting; by my count, there have been at least 16 since President Obama's inauguration on Jan. 20, 2009, some of which many of us probably have forgotten because of the lack of intense, daily Newtown-type media coverage.
If that isn't enough, we have seen an Aurora, Colo., Redux as we begin the year 2013. News flash: "Four people were dead including the gunman following a hostage-taking incident on Saturday in Aurora, the same town where a man shot dead 12 people and wounded 58 more at a movie theater last July ..."
According to a timeline produced by www.thinkprogress.org, a social justice website, the number of mass-shooting incidents has accelerated each subsequent year of Obama's presidency.
Remember, according to thinkprogress.org: "April 3, 2009. Jiverly Wong, 41, opened fire at an immigration center in Binghamton, N.Y., before committing suicide. He killed 13 people and wounded 4."
Remember: "Feb. 27, 2012. Three students were killed by Thomas 'TJ' Lane, another student, in a rampage at Chardon High School in Chardon, Ohio. Three others were injured."
Remember only three days before Newtown: "Dec. 11, 2012. On (that) Tuesday, 22-year-old Jacob Tyler Roberts killed two people and himself with a stolen rifle in Clackamas Town Center, Oregon."
And remember there's the weekly weekend massacre on the South Side of Chicago. It reads like a droning Walter Cronkite script from the 1960s, when the late CBS anchorman would recite the daily Vietnam War casualty report at the end of his CBS newscasts.
According to the Chicago Tribune, as of Monday night, there had been 12 homicides and approximately 50 shootings in the city since Jan. 1. There were 15 shootings, three fatal, on New Year's Day.
In retrospect, notice many of the mass shooters tend to be late teens (Columbine in 1999) to early 20s (Newtown) in age.
What is the source of the rage that causes those so young to equip themselves with weapons of mass destruction in our coarsening society? Is it the rampant bullying? Is it the violent video games young people tend to play? Is it the denigrating music lyrics incorporated in some hardcore rock and vile gangsta rap in their iPods? Is it the epidemic of out-of-wedlock births? Is it the violent movies? Is it the daily devolution of prime-time television?
During the violent assassinations of the 1960s, Jackie DeShannon sang two of the most precious love-humanitarian songs of all time: "What the World Needs Now Is Love" and "Put a Little Love in Your Heart." So where did all the love go?
"We have some positive music," said DeShannon on Monday night from Los Angeles. "Music can't take all the blame. It's a bit of everything, not just the music. We have the video games, the breakdown of the family . . . I think there is an absence of caring about your fellow man, period. I think we have a big problem with the moral code. I think music gets a lot of the blame, but there are other things.
"It's so much deeper than love songs. Back in the day, you had a mixture of songs being played. Now, music is more corporate, which limits the kinds of music being played. Back in my day, the music was controlled by the individual stations.
"But I can't say that if we had 100 million love songs, things would be better. This (mass-shootings epidemic) is so deep in our culture. I feel this country has to invest in our children's future.
"There are a lot of love songs, but I don't think there a lot of 'What the World Needs Now Is Love' love songs.
"And I did learn to help my fellow man."
Then she lived to sing about it.
This epidemic of lost safety for children is ultimately a civil rights issue. Whoever would have thought the United States couldn't protect its own children on a daily basis? Perhaps we need a civil rights movement for children, similar to the one spearheaded by black Americans in the 1960s.
It may be necessary because now, the unthinkable is suddenly thinkable. And Obama can't afford to have his presidential legacy defined by a war on children spawned by mass shootings.
Fifty years ago, we didn't dare think anyone would assassinate a very popular president of these United States. Then, President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed on Friday, Nov. 22, 1963 in Dallas. It was one of the bleakest times in the history of our nation. JFK was 46 years old then.
Now, we are burying 6-year-olds.
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Sources of Data
Address and Employment Data, MSHA
Address and Employment data are submitted to Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) by mine operators on a quarterly basis. Each record includes demographic data for the mine, injury summary by quarter and employment average by quarter and operation. NIOSH downloads the data quarterly from the MSHA's web site.
Miner employment figures are averages of the employment at all underground mines. These figures under-represent total employment (those every employed during the period) due to continuous turnover in the workforce during each period.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Information Technology Center, P.O. Box 25367, Denver, CO 80225 (http://www.msha.gov/STATS/PART50/P50Y2K/AETABLE.HTM)
Black Lung Benefit Awards, SSA and DOL
Title IV of the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 authorizes a benefits program, providing medical payments and cash stipends for miners totally disabled because of pneumoconiosis arising out of employment in underground coal mining, as well as for surviving spouses of coal miners whose death resulted from the disease or who were entitled to Black Lung benefits at the time of death. The Social Security Administration (SSA) was assigned initial responsibility for operating the benefits program. The Black Lung Benefits Act of 1972 continued SSA responsibility for payments to miners granted claims before July 1973, assigned the Department of Labor (DOL) responsibility for claims filed after July 1973, and extended eligibility for benefits to surface coal miners and to surviving children of miners. This latter provision allowed children to receive benefits if both parents were deceased, or if a surviving spouse ceased to qualify for benefits through remarriage. In September 1997, in an effort to enhance customer service to Black Lung program beneficiaries, the responsibility for managing all active SSA Black Lung claims was assigned to DOL. This program change was made permanent in 2002 when the Black Lung Consolidation of Administrative Responsibility Act placed the administration of both programs with DOL.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210; and Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation, or Federal Black Lung Program at http://www.dol.gov/owcp/dcmwc/index.htm .
Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program, NIOSH
The Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP), formerly known as the Coal Workers' X-Ray Surveillance Program (CWXSP), is a NIOSH-administered occupational health program initially mandated by the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969. The primary objective of the CWHSP is to screen miners for coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Since 1970, coal mine operators have been required to offer a chest radiograph to all workers at U.S. underground coal mines at the time of hire and again three years later. Subsequently, miners are offered radiographs at approximately five-year intervals. The examinations are done at no cost to the miners. In addition to the posterior-anterior chest x-ray, other information is collected, including miner identification, age, tenure, and specific job in the mine. Beginning in September 2005, NIOSH, in collaboration with the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), initiated an outreach component for the CWHSP, labeled the Enhanced Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (ECWHSP). The ECWHSP uses a mobile examination unit to provide chest x-ray examinations at easily accessible locations.
The chest radiographs are read by physicians who have demonstrated proficiency to NIOSH in the use of the International Labour Office (ILO) system for classifying radiographs of the pneumoconioses. Each chest image is read by at least two readers, and a consensus rule is used to reach a final determination. The CWHSP defines radiographic evidence of CWP as a final determination of small opacity profusion category of at least 1/0 or large opacities (i.e., larger than one centimeter in diameter). Any miner with CWP on his/her chest radiograph is offered the option to work in an area of the mine with a respirable coal mine dust level of 1 mg/m3 or less and have personal dust exposures monitored at frequent intervals.
The large numbers of chest x-ray examinations since 1970 provide a means of monitoring the prevalence of CWP among active coal miners at underground mines. Due to selective participation, the reported tenure-specific prevalence estimates may not be representative of the entire underground coal mine work force. Also, overall crude prevalence estimates may reflect over-representation of newly employed miners. Current tabulations of CWHSP data may vary from those presented in earlier tables and figures due to revised criteria for categorizing tenure and time periods.
For more information: Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program, Surveillance Branch, Respiratory Health Division, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505 (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/cwhsp.html).
Integrated Management Information System, OSHA
The Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) includes most of the industrial hygiene sample data from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) compliance inspections and consultation surveys conducted since May 1979. The data are reported by OSHA compliance safety and health officers and OSHA state consultants. Each IMIS record includes sample date, substance code, airborne concentration, sample type and exposure type, occupation, OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL), and Standard Industrial Classification codes. IMIS information is entered as events occur in the course of agency activities. Until cases are closed, IMIS entries concerning specific OSHA inspections are subject to continuing correction and updating. Therefore, numbers of samples reported for a given year, or period of years, may differ from those previously reported. NIOSH receives the data yearly from OSHA's IMIS Database.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Directorate of Information Technology, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210 (https://www.osha.gov/oshstats/index.html).
Metal/Nonmetal Mine Data, MSHA
The metal/nonmetal mine data (MNMD) are records of industrial hygiene samples collected by Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) inspectors in non-coal surface and underground mines and mills since 1974. Each personal MNMD sample record includes sample date, contaminant code, airborne concentration, occupation, MSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL), percent silica and silica concentration where available, standard industrial classification, and the mine and/or mill at which the sample was obtained. In 1982, Congress temporarily removed the surface stone, and sand and gravel industries from MSHA's jurisdiction. During this year the number of respirable dust samples collected is fewer than in other years. The quartz reference standard used for MNMD samples changed in 1988. As a result, the reported percent quartz content, quartz concentrations, and the percentage of samples exceeding the PEL increased in 1988 from 1987. MSHA occasionally revises and updates MNMD files, so the number of records reported for a given year, or period of years, may differ from those previously reported.
NIOSH receives the data yearly from MSHA's TeraData Query System. It should be noted that MSHA changed the procedures used for entering data into the TeraData Query System from field entry with little or no quality assurance checks to computerized input from the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) with built-in quality assurance checks to minimize or eliminate data or coding errors. In short, it appears that MSHA's asbestos data in their preamble and final rule conflicts with the MSHA asbestos data reported by NIOSH because of the data or coding errors existing in TeraData.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Metal and Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health, Health Division, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 (http://www.msha.gov/programs/metal.htm).
For more information on the quartz reference standard used for the MNMD samples: Mine Safety and Health Administration, Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center, Dust Division, P.O. Box 18233, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 (http://www.msha.gov/techsupp/pshtcweb/dust.htm).
Multiple Cause-of-Death Data, NCHS
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has made available annual public-use multiple cause-of-death data files since 1968. These files contain records of all deaths in the United States (approximately two million annually) that are reported to state vital statistics offices. Each death record includes codes for up to 20 (14 for ICDA-8 data) conditions listed on the death certificate, including both underlying and contributing causes of death in two fields: the entity axis, which preserves diagnostic detail for all listed conditions and their placement on the death certificate; and the record axis, which reorders the codes, removes redundancies, and (infrequently) combines some associated conditions (see Detail Record Layout at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mcd/1998mcd.htm). Other data include age, race, sex, and state and county of residence at time of death. In addition, usual industry and occupation codes are available for decedents from some states, for certain years during 1985–1999 (see States (and Years) for which Industry and Occupation Codes from Death Certificates Met NCHS Quality Criteria, 1985–1999).
Potential limitations of multiple cause-of-death data include: under- or over-reporting of conditions on the death certificate by certifying physicians; incomplete or no reporting of usual industry and occupation; and non-specificity of some industry and occupation codes.
For more information: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm); National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System publications and reports at (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_products.htm); and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER at (http://wonder.cdc.gov/).
For more information on usual industry and occupation codes see Technical Appendices for 1995 and 1999 at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus.htm#appendices .
The National Occupational Respiratory Mortality System (NORMS), available at http://webappa.cdc.gov/ords/norms.html , is a data-storage and interactive data-retrieval system developed and maintained by NIOSH. The system contains national census data and national mortality data obtained annually (since 1968, unless otherwise indicated) from the NCHS multiple cause-of-death data files. For the pneumoconioses, malignant mesothelioma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, NORMS offers a range of search options for generating tables, charts, and maps of the number of deaths, crude death rates, age-adjusted death rates, and years of potential life lost at national, regional, state, and county levels for U.S. residents by age, race, sex, and Hispanic origin. For all of the respiratory conditions listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Codes, NORMS users can tabulate deaths, years of potential life lost, and proportionate mortality ratios by usual industry and/or occupation for a subset of states and years (see States (and Years) for which Industry and Occupation Codes from Death Certificates Met NCHS Quality Criteria, 1985–1999).
National Health Interview Survey, NCHS
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a cross sectional, multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) since 1957. The NHIS provides information on the health of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States. NHIS data are collected annually through a personal household interview. Detailed information on the data collection procedures, survey response rates, sample design and survey response rate are available at ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2011/srvydesc.pdf.
For more information: National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm).
National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS
The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), conducted yearly by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) since 1965, collects information on characteristics of inpatients discharged from non-Federal short-stay hospitals in the United States. Federal, military, and Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals are excluded. Only hospitals with six or more beds for patient use and those in which the average length of stay for all patients is less than 30 days are included.
From 1965–1987 the same sample design was implemented and a redesign of the survey occurred in 1988. From 1988–2007 the survey collected data from a sample of approximately 270,000 inpatient records from about 500 hospitals. Beginning in 2008 the sample size was reduced to 239 hospitals. Each discharge record includes information on patient age, race, sex, ethnicity (since 1985), marital status, length of stay, source of payment (since 1977), diagnoses (principal and other diagnosis coded to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification) and surgical procedures, hospital size, ownership, and region of the United States.
One limitation of NHDS data is that they represent number of discharges, not number of patients. In addition, information on the number of hospital discharges is available only nationally and by region, but not by state. The NHDS relies on the completeness of hospital medical records, and findings can be influenced by diagnostic practices.
For more information: National Center for Health Statistics, Hospital Care Team Ambulatory and Hospital Care Statistics Branch, 3311 Toledo Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds.htm).
Occupational and Environmental Disease Surveillance Database Case Reports, AOEC
The Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) has maintained a database for occupational and environmental diseases and chronic injuries since 1991. Data summarized and supplied by AOEC in three reports for 1994–1996, 1997–2000, and 2001–2004 were used. The summary reports provide descriptions of cases with diagnoses associated with occupational exposures other than asbestos, asbestos exposures, and environmental exposures. AOEC defines a case as one that must have at least one diagnosed condition that, in the physician's judgment, is more likely than not to be related to occupational or environmental exposures. A case can have up to three diagnosed conditions and each condition can have up to three hazards or exposures.
Sixteen AOEC member clinics contributed cases for the period 1994–2004; 4,720 cases had diagnoses associated with asbestos exposure and 5,280 cases had diagnoses associated with occupational exposures other than asbestos. Five clinics participated in at least nine years of the 11-year period and contributed 85% of the cases. Four other clinics contributed over 150 cases each (13% of all cases). While not necessarily representative of all patients with work-related conditions, these case reports provide insight into the types of occupational conditions being treated by occupational medicine specialists, as well as into the types of exposures that are causing or exacerbating these diseases.
For more information: Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics, 1010 Vermont Avenue, NW, #513, Washington, DC 20005 (http://www.aoec.org).
Population Data Estimates, BoC and CDC
National population estimates are based on national, state, and county-level data from the Bureau of the Census (BoC). All population estimates used to compute death rates for 1968–1999 have been obtained through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) computer system. Estimates obtained from unmodified intercensal Demo-Detail files were used for 1970–1979 (http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/census/inter/type_txt/inter708.asp) and for 1980–1989 (http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/census/inter/type_txt/y8090bur.asp). The unmodified 1970 intercensal population estimates were used for 1968–1969 because no other county-level population estimates were available. Postcensal Demo-Detail estimates (http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/census/post/type_txt/demo95.asp) were used for 1990–1995. Comparable postcensal estimates prepared by the BoC (http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/census/post/type_txt/cen9097.asp) were used for 1996–1999. Since 2000, National Center for Health Statistics bridged-race estimates (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm) have been used. [Note: Comparison of population statistics from Demo-Detail and BoC postcensal estimates for each year from 1990 through 1995 showed that there was a maximum annual difference of less than 0.05 percent, and a difference of 0.01 percent or less in a majority of years. State-specific differences for the same years were less than one percent for individual states, with very rare exceptions.] For more information about the 1990 U.S. Census and 2000 U.S. Census see U.S. Census Bureau at http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen1990.html and http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html.
For more information on population estimates see http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html .
Respirable Coal Mine Dust Data, MSHA
Respirable coal mine dust measurements were collected by Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) inspectors and mine operators at surface and underground coal mines and facilities since 1970. Each record includes sample date, duration, and airborne concentration, as well as occupation and the mine or facility at which the sample was obtained. NIOSH receives the data yearly from MSHA's Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) Database.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Information Technology Center, P.O. Box 25367, Denver, CO 80225 (http://www.msha.gov/CONTACTS/PEIRNOS.HTM).
For more information on the Coal Mine Health Inspection Procedures PH89-V-1(21): U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Coal Mine Safety and Health, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 (http://www.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/HANDBOOK.HTM).
Respirable Coal Mine Quartz Dust Data, MSHA
Respirable quartz measurements were collected by Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) inspectors and mine operators at surface and underground coal mines and facilities since 1982. Each record includes sample date, duration, percent quartz, and airborne concentration, as well as occupation and the mine or facility at which the sample was obtained. NIOSH receives the data yearly from MSHA's Pittsburgh Quartz Database.
For more information: Mine Safety and Health Administration, Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center, Dust Division, P.O. Box 18233, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 (http://www.msha.gov/techsupp/pshtcweb/dust.htm).
For more information on the Coal Mine Health Inspection Procedures PH89-V-1(21): U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Coal Mine Safety and Health, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 (http://www.msha.gov/READROOM/HANDBOOK/HANDBOOK.HTM).
State-Based Surveillance Case Data, NIOSH
In 1987, NIOSH began funding the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program and awarded cooperative agreements to various state health departments and other state entities to develop models for state-based and condition-specific sentinel surveillance and preventive intervention. Two of the conditions for which states were funded through this program are silicosis and work-related asthma (WRA). In 2002, funding for the program known as SENSOR ended, though state entities continue to employ the sentinel surveillance model and many still use the term "SENSOR" as applied to their state program. The funded program is currently referenced as the State-Based Surveillance (SBS) program: the SBS program consists of the Fundamental Program and the Expanded Program with the Expanded Program most closely mirroring the program formerly known as SENSOR. For more information about the state-based surveillance program for silicosis and work-related asthma see http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/StateBasedSurveillance.html .
For silicosis, Michigan and New Jersey have maintained a silicosis surveillance program since 1988 and provide data to NIOSH. Ohio maintained a NIOSH-funded silicosis surveillance program from 1988–2002 under the former SENSOR program and provided data to NIOSH during the funding period. All three states used similar methods to identify potential cases using a variety of sources: review of state death certificate data, case reports from physicians, and review of hospital discharge data or direct hospital reporting to the state health department. In addition, Michigan and Ohio review workers' compensation records. In all three states, demographic, work history, and medical information used for case confirmation and description was obtained through a combination of case report review from the initial case ascertainment source, review of medical records, and follow-up telephone interview with the reported cases or their surviving next-of-kin.
California maintained a NIOSH-funded silicosis surveillance program from 2000–2002, and data for these three years were provided to NIOSH. California identified potential cases by reviewing data from Doctor's First Report (DFR) of Occupational Injury or Illness, a longstanding statewide physician reporting system linked to physician reimbursement for medical services, as well as data sources mentioned above. Demographic, work history, and medical information used for case confirmation and description was obtained through a combination of case report review from the initial case ascertainment source, review of medical records, and follow-up telephone interview with the reported cases or their surviving next-of-kin.
For surveillance purposes, silicosis case confirmation requires a history of occupational exposure to airborne silica dust and either or both of the following: (a) a chest radiograph or other imaging technique interpreted as consistent with silicosis and/or (b) lung histopathology characteristic of silicosis (see Silicosis State Reporting Guidelines ).
For more information on the State-Based Silicosis Program see NIOSH, Occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance Topic Page, State-Based Surveillance at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ORDS/StateBasedSurveillance/Silicosis.html .
For work-related asthma (WRA), Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey have maintained WRA surveillance programs since 1988, California since 1993, and New York has conducted surveillance for all occupational lung diseases, including WRA, through its Occupational Lung Disease Registry since 1981. Currently, all five states provide data to NIOSH. Potential cases of WRA are ascertained from a variety of state-level sources. The number of ascertainment sources for WRA cases have gradually increased over time. Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, and New York actively solicit physicians for case reports, whereas California identifies potential cases by reviewing data from DFR of Occupational Injury or Illness. All five states solicit and review hospital data (e.g., hospital discharge and/or emergency department visit data) for potential WRA. California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New York obtain workers' compensation data from their state workers' compensation systems.
State surveillance staff collected demographic data, work history, and medical information for surveillance case confirmation, classification, and description purposes through a combination of the initial case ascertainment source, a review of medical records, and follow-up telephone interview with reported cases. WRA case confirmation requires a healthcare professional's diagnosis of asthma (or a related diagnosis consistent with asthma) and an association between symptoms of asthma and workplace exposures or conditions. Confirmed WRA cases are classified according to established criteria (see Work-Related Asthma State Reporting Guidelines ). To facilitate consistency in agent coding across states, putative causes of WRA are coded using the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) exposure coding scheme (http://www.aoec.org/tools.htm), which flags "known asthma inducers".
For more information on the State-Based Work-Related Asthma Program see NIOSH, Occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance Topic Page, State-Based Surveillance, Work-Related Asthma at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/StateBasedSurveillance/wra.html .
Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, BLS
After passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the responsibility for collecting statistics on occupational injuries and illnesses was delegated to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, done in cooperation with participating state agencies, involves data collection by mail from a sample of private industry establishments each calendar year. Nearly all industries in the private sector (employers covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970) are included. Annual BLS reports of these data incorporate corresponding data from mine operators, provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and from railroad transportation employers, provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration. National estimates of injury and illness incidence rates by industry are developed from the survey data. Beginning in 1992, the survey was expanded to provide more information on illnesses resulting in days away from work, allowing for more detailed classification of respiratory system diseases. The BLS reports the number and incidence rates of work-related injuries and illnesses in private industry for each year. Annual summary data on respiratory illnesses were abstracted from BLS annual reports on occupational injuries and illnesses for eWoRLD.
In contrast with injury data, illness data presented in the BLS annual reports are quite limited because employers typically do not recognize and report illnesses, particularly illnesses with a long latency. Also, the survey does not cover all workers since it excludes the self-employed; farm operators with fewer than 11 employees; private households; public sector employees; and independent mining contractors. Since 2008, BLS includes state and local government agencies in the survey.
Since 2003, BLS has classified industry according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). BLS stopped reporting "dust diseases of the lungs" and "respiratory conditions due to toxic agents" after 2001. Since 2002, BLS combined these conditions and reported them as a new category called "respiratory conditions". BLS defined these conditions as follows: "Dust diseases of the lungs" (pneumoconioses) includes silicosis, asbestosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, byssinosis, siderosis, and other pneumoconioses; "Respiratory condition due to toxic agents" includes pneumonitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis or acute congestions due to chemicals, dusts, gases or fumes; "Respiratory conditions" includes silicosis, asbestosis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, farmer's lung, beryllium disease, tuberculosis, occupational asthma, reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, rhinitis or acute congestions due to chemicals, dusts, gases or fumes, siderosis, pneumonia, influenza, toxic inhalation injury such as metal fume fever, chronic obstructive bronchitis, other pneumoconioses, and other respiratory system diseases.
For more information: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Safety, Health and Working Conditions, Postal Square Building - Suite 3180, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212; http://www.bls.gov/iif/home.htm ; and annual reports: Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: Counts, Rates, and Characteristics at http://www.bls.gov/iif/publications.htm .
- Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Page maintained by: Respiratory Health Division (RHD), Surveillance Branch


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USDA may have estimated record soybean acreage for 2009, but the estimate was actually a million acres less than what the trade was expecting, according to analysts speaking at a CME Group press briefing on USDA's June 30 Planted Acreage report.
Conversely, USDA's estimate of corn acres was 3 million acres higher than expectations. USDA estimated U.S. corn acreage at 87 million acres, compared to 83.9 million acres for the average trade estimate.
For soybeans, USDA estimated 77.5 million acres planted, compared to 78.1 million acres for the average trade guess.
For all wheat, USDA estimated 59.8 million acres planted, compared to analysts' projection of 58.2 million acres.
According to Greg Wagner, an analyst with AgResource, "the standout number is the corn acreage, which defies a lot of conventional thinking and is a full 3 million acres above projections. USDA is going to have to adjust ending stocks higher.
"This is the third consecutive season that USDA has elected to use a sub-trend yield for corn because of weather conditions. So despite the rise in acres, we still have a long way to go before we have a crop made, and that needs to be emphasized. Despite (good) crop condition ratings, there could have been leaching of nutrients."
Wagner said that for soybeans, "we're going to have a continuation of tight stocks. Again defying trade expectations, USDA has planted acreage 1 million acres under what the trade had thought."
Brian Basting with Advance Trading said USDA found missing acreage that didn't show up in the agency's March Planting Intentions report. "The corn acres number did confirm what we've been hearing from a lot of our customers, particularly out west, of ideal planting conditions west of the Mississippi which have allowed producers to continue planting corn this spring.
"East of the Mississippi, I think it's just a function of USDA underestimating the situation back in March. We did lose acres in Illinois and parts of southern Indiana due to wet conditions, but we found out today that Indiana acreage is unchanged from a year ago and Illinois is up a bit."
Both corn and soybeans crops are now entering a weather market. "A lot of these crops are lagging in maturity, and we'll need a bit of a late fall this year," Basting said.
According to USDA's quarterly stocks report, there are 4.26 billion bushels of corn in stock compared to 4.18 billion bushels for the average trade estimate. For soybeans, USDA estimated 597 million bushels in stock, compared to the average trade estimate of 585 million bushels. For wheat, USDA estimated 667 million bushels in stock, compared to analysts' estimate of 670 million bushels.
Basting says the numbers "are bearish for corn and beans and neutral for wheat. It's important to note that the feeding number for the third quarter was a bit disappointing. It confirms the struggles that the livestock industry is encountering. That's something to keep an eye on down the road."
Nonetheless soybean stocks are still tight and with the acreage number below expectation, "we really need a healthy bean crop in 2009 to help rebuild stocks. The market's perception as we enter the last quarter is that the bean market is tight."
"Demand is really a dominant feature for corn," Wagner said. "Look at the liquidation in beef, hogs and poultry. It's across the board. Ultimately, you could build a dynamic bull market. But when that market commences remains to be seen."
Bastings says a "slow healing process" is taking place in the ethanol industry. "We've seen the margins creep back into positive territory, after a long period of losses. We are seeing some plants expand and come back on line.
"Looking ahead, the USDA is projecting a pretty significant increase (in corn for ethanol) for 2009-10. There are still a lot of unknowns out there. We have to keep an eye on what the oil price does. But those who were about to throw in the towel six months ago may want to hang in there now."
"One of the more astonishing features of the ethanol industry is that it's been able to maintain the production level that it has," Wagner said. "The crop year for ethanol starts in September and that's when the whole credit crisis blew up. Since then, we've seen a remarkable resiliency in production. I think that industry has come through in flying colors."
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Contact a missionary who can help you find and attend a local worship service. All visitors welcome.
Thank you for your order. We look forward to our conversation.
Have questions? Chat with representatives.
What's the Church community like?
In addition to being a place to learn about and worship God, it's a place to serve Him.
Generally speaking, Church communities are where we learn about our relationship with God and His plan for us and are founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Church communities offer valuable opportunities for Church members to put the things we learn into practice by helping others and serving God. Each congregation within the Church is called a "ward" and is made up of about 200 to 400 Church members who live in a particular geographical area.
Each ward is led by a bishop. Because there is no paid local clergy in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, these bishops come from all walks of life. They may be anything from teachers to businessmen, farmers to laborers. They are called to serve for several years while continuing to work in their professions and provide for their families.
But they don't oversee the ward all alone. Members of the ward are given opportunities to teach and serve each other. Some teach Sunday School or youth classes, some lead choirs, and others handle executive and administrative responsibilities. The goal is to give every Church member an opportunity to participate.
Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe that "when ye are in the service of your fellow beings ye are only in the service of your God" (Mosiah 2:17). While many Church activities take place on Sunday, a number of activities and opportunities to serve occur throughout the week, which makes being part of the community much more than participating in Sunday worship services.
Why is a church community important to Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Both the family and society benefit from church communities.
When Church congregations are founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ, members are taught to treat each other with kindness, love, and respect. Because they follow Jesus, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints actively care for and help each other. One way Church members do this is by participating in a monthly fast where they don't eat or drink for two consecutive meals. They then donate the money they would have spent on the two meals—or more money if they choose—to help people in need.
Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints also believe that their wards provide structure for families to learn and grow spiritually. The congregations within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints provide classes and programs to help every member live a happier, more fulfilling life.
For example, young children attend Primary classes on Sunday and can participate in other activities during the week. Many congregations sponsor Boy Scout troops and have robust activity programs for both young men and young women. Female adult members of the ward belong to the Relief Society, one of the world's oldest and largest female service organizations, which provides women with ample opportunities to help others. Simply put, in any given ward there's something for everyone.
As church members follow the teachings of Jesus Christ, they benefit personally. Additionally, their families and societies benefit. The family is blessed with increased love and unity, which in turn strengthens the community.
How can I benefit from the Church community?
"Ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God" (Ephesians 2:19).
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints invites and welcomes everyone to come and worship in our Sunday services as well as participate in the many activities that come with being a part of the community found within the Church.
As individuals and families attend church and worship in their wards (local church communities), they find opportunities to learn and grow spiritually.
As part of our Sunday worship, members of the congregation have opportunities to pray, sing, and teach. Sunday School, which is taught by members of the ward, offers everyone the opportunity to ask questions and share thoughts about the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Another benefit of actively participating in a ward is the opportunity to provide Christian service to others. Whether someone needs help overcoming a setback, is experiencing a health problem, or is dealing with a death or other loss, Church members are part of an extended family that help each other in times of need.
That help can come in many forms. It can be as simple as a visit from a friend or a meal prepared by someone in the ward. It could be an organized service project where members join together to offer a helping hand. It could be a prayer or a fast offered on behalf of someone facing challenging times. The opportunities for serving others within a church community are as varied and unique as the members of the Church itself.
The blessings and benefits of being part of the church community are many. As we worship and serve together, we grow closer as a community and closer to God.


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(Photo by Heather Powazek Champ)
I'll admit there are times when I don't necessarily follow the law to it's letter. If there is a stop sign, and thanks to a wider range of visibility and hearing on a bike, I can tell no one is around, I'll roll through without coming to a full stop to conserve momentum. This is common amongst otherwise law abiding cyclists, just like ignoring posted speed limits in low traffic is common among otherwise law abiding motorists. Also if there is a traffic light at 3:00 am, and no one is around, I'll go through because 9 times out of 10, that traffic light isn't going to detect a bicycle. LAist did an article recently debating the legality of this in light of California Vehicle Code 21800 (d) (1) for inoperative traffic signals, in response to a post by fellow blogger Alex Thompson.
All that being said, when it comes to cycling with flowing car traffic, I follow the law, ride predictably and use hand signals to communicate intentions to drivers. Unfortunately there are quite a few cyclists out there that don't do any of this, either because they are unaware of obligations for cycling or don't care. Usually these same cyclists are slow enough I pass them and never see them again.
During my lunch break to the pier yesterday, I passed a girl riding a fixie at a pretty decent clip. At the light I stopped, while she waited for a momentary break in traffic and blew through. It turned green soon after so I started riding again, and then passed her again. Again the same thing happened, and it continued on like this all the way to down town Santa Monica, passing her it seems like at least four or five times.
I often lament that motorists need to relax a little when driving, but sometimes, as in this case, I think cyclists need to do the same. Sure bike messengers are under a high pressure to deliver goods quickly and are known to play fast and loose with traffic rules to meet deadlines, but they make up an extremely small and slowly diminishing demographic. The wannabe messenger thing really needs to die. Tension between motorists and cyclists is very on edge right now in recent news stories.
If we want to maintain our rights to the road, promote cycling infrastructure and earn the respect of motorists, wanton disregard for traffic laws all across town isn't going to help anyone. If you need to reach your destination faster, leave earlier or get stronger. Lets all take a collective deep breath and chill out a little.