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Download all "Organização" books in one ZIP-file
For your convenience, we have put all the books in this category into a zip file which you can download in one go
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Sport Organisation and Administration
This book begins with a discussion on what a sport organization is. The reader will develop an understanding of the different types of structures in a sport club.
The Heart of Corporate Social Responsibility
What does "social" mean in Corporate Social Responsibility? Discover what is missed out from most CSR textbooks as it challenges conventional thinking on responsibility in politics and business.
Values Analysis for Moral Leadership
Organizational success cannot be achieved or sustained in a corrupt or dishonest system. Thus, there may be no more important subject today than pursuing the vision to achieve moral leadership.
Strategy, Marketing Plans and Small Organisations
This book provides an overview of strategic planning. It explores the importance of planning to small organisations along with major influences on strategy (competitors and the industry environment).
This book provides an insight into how organisations function to achieve their long-term objectives. It will be useful to practising managers as well as those entering the management profession.
Managing the Human Resource in the 21st century
This study guide provides an overview of the most important topics and current debates covered in Human Resource Management (HRM) field.
On the Shoulders of Giants
Our responsibility as educators is not only to ensure that our students are well grounded in the fundamentals of our field, but also to motivate them to do meaningful research.
Understanding Organisations: Part II
Organisations can be bewildering. So can management. This accessible online book tries to sort out some of the simple aspects of both while preserving some of the best academic thinking.
Understanding Organisations: Part I
Organisations can be bewildering. So can management. This accessible online book tries to sort out some of the simple aspects of both while preserving some of the best academic thinking.
Regulatory Governance
Taking a critical perspective, the book offers an account of the inherent vulnerability of the regulatory state caused by one-sided thinking and the predominance of governing through hard regulation.
Voices from the Middle
This book presents a well argued case for developing middle managers and offers both case studies and practical guidance for established and aspiring leaders and postgraduate students.
Innovative Service Design Workbook
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been in existence for a while but recently it has become central to the strategic decision making of every organisation.
Organizational Theory
In today's economic landscape, the success of a business or organization depends even more on effective management strategies than on up-to-date technology or efficient production.
Managing Workplace Diversity
Managing Workplace Diversity - A contemporary approach is a practical textbook that covers key issues in workplace diversity like gender, age, social class, physical disability.


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- Inside Athletics
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The 39th-ranked Bucs came out of the gate strong as senior Alex Ahlgren (
Unfortunately the ETSU lead wouldn't last long as freshman Charles Bottoni (Bois Guillaume, France) and sophomore Grega Teraz (Mojstrana, Slovenia) dropped its doubles contest to 21st-ranked Boris Conkic and Matteo Fago, 8-5, while the Bucs duo of freshman Robin Akser (Ormskoldsvik, Sweden) and junior Daniel Isaza (Medellin, Spain) fell to Christian Hansen and Jeremy Tweedt, 6-4 giving the Vols the doubles point.
As singles play opened,
However, just as it looked like the Bucs regained their stride, both Alex Ahlgren and Robin Akser dropped both of their singles contests, giving the Vols a demanding 5-1 lead. Daniel Isaza closed out the scoring as he dropped a hard-fought three-set match, 3-6, 6-4, 1-0 to Tennessee's Christian Hansen.
ETSU looks to get back on the winning side as they return to action against Big Ten Conference member
Alex Ahlgren/Enrique Olivares (ETSU) def. Davey Sandgren/John-Patrick Smith (Tennessee) , 9-7
No. 21 Boris Conkic/Matteo Fago (Tennessee) def. Charles Bottoni/Grega Teraz (ETSU), 8-5
Christian Hansen/Jeremy Tweedt (Tennessee) def. Robin Akser/Daniel Isaza (ETSU), 8-3
No. 50 John-Patrick Smith (
Charles Bottoni (ETSU) def. Davey Sandgren (Tennessee), 6-3, 4-6, 6-3
No. 103 Boris Conkic (Tennessee) def. Grega Teraz (ETSU), 6-2, 6-0
Maetteo Fago (Tennessee) def. Alex Ahlgren (ETSU), 6-4, 6-2
Jeremy Tweedt (
Christian Hansen (

subset: commoncrawl


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Saturday, January 28, 2012
Circus Shirt.
43 comments:
That food looks SO delicious!ReplyDelete
i think i like it as a blouse more than a dress anyway, but, yes, you're right - the resemblance is there!ReplyDelete
Way lovely!
Such a cute blouse. I think the hemmed skirt looks great :) Also that fruit tart looks SO amazing.... x Katie-LouiseReplyDelete
Flipping love it, with that frilly bit at the bottom. Also, totally know what you mean about light - it's a similar thing with food photography, during winter I'm always struggling with dinnertime photos!ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
I think this look is so charming. The other day, my friend and I went to the library to discretely take my outfit photos. It was all swell until I realized that there was a study group in the back just sort of watching. Eep!ReplyDelete
I love how you called it your circus shirt, it's truly adorable:)ReplyDelete
Ohh, your circus top is truly a beauty! <3 I love that print!ReplyDelete
Lost in the Haze: Fashion Blog
yay, I'm wondering about same problem, really don't want to risk getting cold during photoshoot..ReplyDelete
Lovely photos and that shirt is so pretty !ReplyDelete
That top is super cute! It really does look almost exactly like print of the Marc Jacobs dress.ReplyDelete
Wishing I had one of those tarts right now...
Love this photo solution! I am in a bit of a photo-taking slump, but seriously can't blame the weather - or maybe I can? Does too hot work as an excuse?ReplyDelete
This top is adorable! Horaay for impulse buys!
A pretty outfit. I like how you made the peplum blouse work so nicely over a gathered skirt. I wonder if peplums making a come back.ReplyDelete
That tart MUST have tasted so good!
I love your circus blouse. It has such a happy mood, somehow. xReplyDelete
I tried on that lovely top the other day but unfortunately it didn't fit properly, it formed a strange baggy thing in my back. Looks good on you though, it's very cheerful :)ReplyDelete
Shirt & skirt are great but can't see the shoes. Regarding photos: when it's cold out-go out! If snow, wear boots. If raining, take umbrella.ReplyDelete
What a beautiful, ladylike outfit! I absolutely love it!ReplyDelete
I love that shirt. It's really fun.ReplyDelete
i feel the same way about what's in the stores! nothing is exciting me and the things that do are way over priced. it's hard to find nice quality peices in my price range :(ReplyDelete
i love the new length for the skirt! it looks really new and fresh. and that top is adorable! i also don't find as much as i wish i could in stores anymore. i usually lust after specific pieces, and lately it's been more of the accessories variety (bags, wallets) than actual clothing. but luckily, the thrift gods have been smiling upon me.ReplyDelete
that antique store looks intriguing.
i feel the same way about h&m (in a every-once-in-awhile-i-really-love-something-way). and i also felt the same way about that blouse because i bought the blue version yesterday. the polka dots... it's just lovely. so i was especially happy to see this post featuring it today.ReplyDelete
adorable top, love how you styled itReplyDelete
I have also been underwhelmed by the selection in stores as of late. This actually has been motivating me to get better at sewing because that's the only way I'll be able to afford good quality pieces.ReplyDelete
Ooh I love this. H&M does have some beauties in it at the moment, I nearly spent a lot of money the last time I popped in but resisted and just got a cardigan and stripy t-shirt - basics are needed more at the moment!ReplyDelete
Awe! That is such a cute outfit!ReplyDelete
I love French pastries... I feel hungry now!... gimme gimme gimme that fruit tart!ReplyDelete
That blouse is total heaven.ReplyDelete
Wow, your blouse is awesome. I have a pair of shorts with the same red and blue polka dots on white background from Zara and I must admit I was tempted when I saw this very blouse at my local H&M...but no, wearing the shorts and the blouse together would mean circus squared.ReplyDelete
Life is a romantic poem
- AnonymousJanuary 30, 2012 at 10:27 AM
that shirt is terribly cute! and that fruit tart looks yummies!ReplyDelete
The top is definitely adorable but omg the desserts. I want.ReplyDelete
This outfit is lovely! I especially like the look of it in the bakery... something about the shirt paired with the berry pastry is just perfect. Well done!ReplyDelete
LOVE the blouse.ReplyDelete
i really love your top. it reminds me of confetti. i have some washi tape that looks very similar.ReplyDelete
You really don't have to regret buying that blouse. It's perfect for you!ReplyDelete
-Samatha @ Donna Karan slim fit suits
Flicking really like it, with that frilly bit at the end. Also, completely know what you mean about gentle - it's a identical thing with meals pictures, during wintertime season I'm always experiencing dinnertime photos!ReplyDelete
Sales Coaching
Oh gosh that food looks amazing! love the blouse.ReplyDelete
i think the unusual settings and light make the shots!! you look gorgeous!ReplyDelete
Plus, have you read Spoonful magazine? I think it'd be your cup of tea :)
you look so cuteReplyDelete
Happy to come across your blog today - and how I miss Mrs. London's - haven't been in too long!ReplyDelete
freaking adorable!ReplyDelete
I love your spotty blouse, very nice!!ReplyDelete
Beautiful top, delicious looking food!ReplyDelete


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Reports > Automotive > Selected Report
Global Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) Market Data Survey Report 2025Single User: $2195 Multiple User: $3195 Enterprise User: $4195
Report Summary:
Electronic braking system (EBS) is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicles brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading, etc. Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems, EBS can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular control. Typically, the front end carries the most weight and EBS distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a skid.
The global Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) market will reach xxx Million USD in 2017 with CAGR xx% 2018-2025. The main contents of the report including:
Global market size and forecast
Regional market size, production data and export & import
Key manufacturers (manufacturing sites, capacity and production, product specifications etc.)
Average market price by SUK
Major applications
Key manufacturers are included based on manufacturing sites, capacity and production, product specifications etc.:
Advics Group
Knorr Bremse
Major applications as follows:
Regional market size, production data and export & import:
North America
South America
Middle East & Africa
Table of Contents / Index:Table of Contents
1 Global Market Overview
1.1 Scope of Statistics
1.1.1 Scope of Products
1.1.2 Scope of Manufacturers
1.1.3 Scope of Application
1.1.4 Scope of Regions/Countries
1.2 Global Market Size
2 Regional Market
2.1 Regional Production
2.2 Regional Demand
2.3 Regional Trade
3 Key Manufacturers
3.1 Continental
3.1.2 Company Information
3.1.2 Product Specifications
3.1.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.2 Advics Group
3.2.1 Company Information
3.2.2 Product Specifications
3.2.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.3.1 Company Information
3.3.2 Product Specifications
3.3.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.4 Knorr Bremse
3.4.1 Company Information
3.4.2 Product Specifications
3.4.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.5 Bosch
3.5.1 Company Information
3.5.2 Product Specifications
3.5.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.6 Haldex
3.6.1 Company Information
3.6.2 Product Specifications
3.6.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
3.7.1 Company Information
3.7.2 Product Specifications
3.7.3 Business Data (Capacity, Sales Revenue, Volume, Price, Cost and Margin)
4 Major Application
4.1 Truck
4.1.1 Overview
4.1.2 Truck Market Size and Forecast
4.2 Trailer
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Trailer Market Size and Forecast
4.3 Others
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Others Market Size and Forecast
5 Market Price
5.1 Overview
5.2 Price by SUK
6 Conclusion
Research Methodology
The market research report added recently to collection of Market Reports Company is based on detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis. The research report is a blend of both bottom up and top down research with the help of which quantitative aspects of the market are determined. Besides this various statistical models, projection techniques and sampling techniques are implemented for quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis includes through interactive study with all major industry participants across the industrial value chain. The analysis includes extensive interviews with raw material suppliers, experienced front line staff, directors, CEOs, distributors, major manufacturers, industry experts and end-users. Interaction are usually done with the help of primary interviews, surveys, and vendor briefings. All major factors that influence this market are studied in this research report. The market size for top level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the impact of various macro and micro economic factors are analyzed during market forecast. Secondary Research Secondary sources play a vital role in collection of raw data. Various paid and open access data sources are referred for collection for secondary data. Some of the major secondary data sources referred include: ■ Press releases, annual reports, Non-Profit organizations ■ Industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data ■ Directories; databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), etc. Primary Research In Primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. Some of the major primary sources include: ■ Product manufacturers ■ Opinion leaders, industry experts and research institutions ■ Distributors, Dealer and Traders ■ Raw Materials suppliers and producers etc. The data collected through secondary research is validated with the help of primary research respondents. Data Models Wherever no credible data sources are available, various data models are implemented which help to develop wide data sets.
Request a Sample of this Report
Report Details:
Report ID: 33596 Category: 22 Published date: 2017-09-25 14:31:27 Number of Pages: 89 Publisher Name: HeyReports Over all Rating: 86 % (Average of Ratings provided by clients)
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Overcome Anxiety when Dining Out
Hypnosis can quickly 'unhook' the anxiety that has built up around eating so you can enjoy the social occasion again
Eating out socially is meant to be enjoyable yet so many people become anxious. They may even start to dread the very thought of eating out with others.
Maybe you feel anxious days, even weeks before a social meal.
Perhaps you feel self-conscious and embarrassed in front of others and feel too anxious to eat properly.
Anxiety does not go well with eating
Anxiety is meant to get us ready for the fight or flight response. When we become anxious everything that would not be useful when we are running from a predator switches off. You wouldn't need to be digesting whilst fleeing from a lion so digestion switches off, salivation diminishes making your mouth dry and blood is pumped away from the stomach into your major muscles for fighting or running.
This is great in a truly dangerous situation but if your fear instinct has wrongly associated social eating out with fear and anxiety then the adaptive response of shutting down digestion actually gets in the way of you relaxing and enjoying your food.
You may have noticed that when you feel anxious eating out then it feels like food just gets stuck in your mouth and you may even feel difficulty swallowing.
That's what fear does.
Making excuses
Some people make excuses saying they are just not hungry or they may order very little food even if they were hungry before they arrived to eat.
The more you avoid something the bigger the fear builds. This is because your fear learns by what you do as well as what you imagine. If you avoid eating out then you are literally teaching your fear instinct to become even more fearful of that situation. Your fear gets the wrong message that it is dangerous because you are avoiding it.
If you imagine eating out and then feel anxious you are training your fear instinct to fear that situation through a kind of natural negative self hypnosis. This misuse of the imagination also teaches your fear instinct to build around eating out.
This session does the opposite. It will prime your instincts to have a natural and calm association with eating out so you reclaim one of life's great pleasures-sharing nourishment with other human beings.
Imagine feeling confident and relaxed when eating out.
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2004-09-02 / Obituaries
Alice Lorenz, 14 year Massapequa resident
Alice J. Lorenz, a resident of Massapequa for almost a decade and a half died on August 22, 2004 from complications of diabetes. She was 83 years old and described by her family as a woman with a gift for making people feel comfortable and cared for.
You must be an online subscriber to view this story.


text:
NEW YORK – AIDS activist Spencer Cox, who helped form an organization to boost treatment research and recently appeared in a documentary about an AIDS coalition, has died.
Cox, who was 44, died Tuesday at Allen Hospital in Manhattan of AIDS-related causes, according to his brother, Nick Cox.
Journalist and director David France said Spencer Cox can be seen in a documentary released this year about the activist group AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power called "How to Survive a Plague."
Cox joined the ACT UP group, known for its demonstrations and sit-ins and aggressive tactics seeking more resources for AIDS treatment and prevention, in 1989.
He and other ACT UP members formed the Treatment Action Group, known as TAG, to focus on accelerating treatment research, in 1992.
France said Friday that Cox was "fiercely intelligent from the time he was a teenager."
"He wound up consulting with Nobel Prize winners on novel approaches to attacking viruses, rebuilding immune systems and designing drug trials," France said.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told The New York Times that Cox was always "very meticulous about getting good data rather than just screaming for getting something approved."
"It's a great loss," Fauci said. "He was part of a historic group of people."
A memorial will be held for Cox, who is survived by his brother and his mother, on Jan. 20 in New York.
Nation & World
Pope opens summit with 21 proposals to prevent clergy sex abuse
Cops & Courts
Maine Supreme Court rejects appeal by teen's killer in 1980 cold case
Local & State
Maine court allows defamation lawsuit against sex-abuse activist to proceed
Portland Sea Dogs
Sea Dogs, Eastern League going to split-season format for playoffs
Local & State
Old Port bar ordered to keep volume low this summer


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Monday, January 02, 2012
New Year's Eve 2011 @ Nami-Nami
The menu scribbled on our blackboard wall:
Appetizers included crostini with cream cheese and lobster tails:
Rye bread buttons with spiced sprats cream:
Home-made rye crisps with chicken liver paté and red onion marmalade:
thinly sliced pain d'epices with Estonian goat cheese and ruby pomegranate seeds:
The salad board consisted of Waldorf salad (made by our dear friends Peter & Kristel):
Beetroot and pomegranate salad with parsley and Aleppo chilli vinaigrette:
Red cabbage, orange and Beluga lentil salad with parsley vinaigrette (as all Italians know, you must have lentils at the New Year's Eve, as this brings you wealth and money in the new year :))
More substantial dishes included home-made chicken nuggets (well, there were teens among the guests) with a adjika and sour cream dip:
A wonderful hot-smoked trout from Pepe Kala, served with a simple, yet luxurious trout roe and sour cream sauce:
Our friend Liina contributed a caramelised onion and Cheddar tart:
and a wonderful pork terrine:
I had also made two different crisp breads, one with fennel seeds and the other without:
For nibbling, there was fruit, gingebread cookies and sugared almonds:
For dessert, our friends had brought along a moist pumpkin cake, a lovely pink cherry and mascarpone cheesecake.
And to finish it all off, K. and I had made a croquembouche, complete with crème patisserie and spun sugar ribbons:
Again, may your 2012 be full of delicious and tasty bites and experiences!
9 comments:
- Delish said...
amazing food wow! happy new year!
- 4:54 pm, January 02, 2012
- Joanna said...
Do you have people queuing to be invited to your New Year events? That sounds astoundingly delicious.
- 9:50 pm, January 02, 2012
- Anna said...
I know where I want to be spending my New Year's Eve in 2012!
- 10:06 am, January 03, 2012
- K and S said...
happy 2012!
- 10:39 am, January 03, 2012
- Margit Markus said...
Head uut aastat! Loodetavasti saadame meie 2012 aastat ka Eestis ära:-)
- 4:21 pm, January 03, 2012
- Maya@Stories from Emona said...
What a menu! Beautiful and mouthwatering. :)
Happy New Year to you!
- 8:27 pm, January 03, 2012
- n-talo said...
que de belles recettes pour des fêtes qui furent sans aucun doute bien chaleureuses même sans neige !
bonne année gourmande
- 8:39 am, January 04, 2012
- Sarah said...
That all looks gorgeous!
I hope you had a wonderful New Year!
- 11:32 am, January 04, 2012
- Juc said...
Superuhke laud teil. See Sinu variant läätsesalatist näeb ilus välja ja maitseb ka kindlasti hästi, järgmine kord võtan selle ette. Ja croquembouche on ka võimas. Ma mõtlen, et tegelikult on niimoodi neid parem kõigil võtta sealt kuhjast, kui neid karamelliga mitte "kokku kleepida". Sain ma õigesti aru, et teie ei kleepinud, vaid vedasite lihtsalt ümberringi karamelliniidid?
- 10:25 pm, January 12, 2012


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|From (qty)
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text:
TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global Wound Dressing market to grow at a CAGR of 5.6 percent over the period 2012-2016. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the increase in the aging population. The Global Wound Dressing market has also been witnessing the trend of increasing demand for combination dressings. However, the high cost of advanced dressing products could pose a challenge to the growth of this market.
- To Read The Complete Report with TOC Visit: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/158767
TechNavio's report, the Global Wound Dressing market 2012-2016, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas, and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers the Global Wound Dressing market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
The key vendors dominating this market space are Smith and Nephew plc, Molnlycke Health Care AB, ConvaTec Inc., and Kinetic Concepts Inc.
The other vendors mentioned in the report are Systagenix Wound Management, Coloplast A/S, 3M Healthcare Ltd., Paul Hartmann AG, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Covidien plc, Ethicon Inc., Baxter International Inc., Beiersdorf AG, BSN Medical GmbH and Co. KG, C.R. Bard Inc., Derma Sciences Inc., Kimberly-Clark Corp., Medline Industries Inc., and Organogenesis Inc.
- To Browse All Reports visit: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/
Key questions answered in this report:
- What will the market size be in 2016 and what will the growth rate be?
- What are the key market trends?
- What is driving this market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in this market space?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?


text:
Friday, 15 April 2011
Meet Me at the Cupcake Café by Jenny Colgan
11 comments:
- Maria♥ said...
Wow, I was looking at this book last night on amazon but it didn't make my basket. I'll definitely order this now :)
- 15 April 2011 at 11:45
- Jacqueline said...
I have read quite a few of Jenny's books, but now I know you were involved in this one, I must get it :)
Well done you x
- 15 April 2011 at 14:49
- Cupcake Kelly said...
that is so fabulous! I just saw the ad yesterday at a DLR station. I'm going to buy a copy right now x
- 15 April 2011 at 15:17
- I heart cupcakes said...
Congrats! I bought it on Thursday and then got round to reading the intro y'day and spotted you and Daisy (Iron Cupcake) got a mention and immediately tweeted pics. Have already read your guide to baking and your recipe - fabulous! I bet you're chuffed!
- 16 April 2011 at 21:04
- Baking Addict said...
Wow congratulations! heading to amazon now :)
- 17 April 2011 at 01:44
- Katie said...
Wow how cool. I've seen this on Amazon too and its on my birthday list! How exciting to be asked to contribute
- 17 April 2011 at 07:53
- Baking Addict said...
ps I just bought the book and went straight to your bit at the end. Well written and exactly your style! Am loving the book too :)
- 17 April 2011 at 19:33
- Maggie said...
What a great title for a book. Well done CC! I'll have to look out for this one to read.
- 18 April 2011 at 10:41
- Cakelaw said...
How cool! I love Jenny Colgan and own a couple of her books.
- 18 April 2011 at 23:27
- Scubabe said...
I've just ordered it on Amazon thanks to your recommendation, can't wait to read it!
- 27 April 2011 at 11:40
- Xinmei @ Pudding Pie Lane said...
Hi! I found this book in the bookstore two days ago, and I've already finished it :) I love the book and was so happy to know of you when you were mentioned in the book. I'm just starting a job in the City but everyone tells me I should open a bakery, the book is so much like my life! Love the guide to baking at the back too, good job :)
- 6 July 2012 at 18:34


text:
AirAsia Seeks Bigger Slice of Indonesian Market
AirAisa plans to list the group's Indonesia arm on the Jakarta stock exchange as it looks to expand its foothold in Southeast Asia's biggest air travel market. The WSJ's Jeffrey Ng has the details.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... the ... air Asia is planning its IPO for candidates and the third quarter this year when the explicitly today in an interview with Tony Fernandes the CEO and founder of Asia ... welcome to Asia Today with me is Jeffrey and transportation editor ... to explain this move ... Jeffrey thanks for Joe inning as you know Tony is a larger than life character he's been talking alot about this IPO ... but it's it's interesting that he says that ends in the third quarter of this year ... was about what their age is doing in Indonesia they are really pushing aggressively into this market ... these are really seeking a bigger share slice of the Indonesian air travel market which is ... the fourth biggest domestic trouble more than the world ... for four years Indonesia has been dominated by airlines that use the word ... and line your their own budget carrier ... Air Asia has been doing a phenomenal job developing its right across ... Southeast Asia ... but it hasn't had much of it ... exposure into the domestic market in in in Indonesia ... a few months ago it right to buy ... up a low-cost Indonesian airline that idea ... that fell through when the airline went derision thought it was in a safe by the word confident about the books of the time ... and no right that that up to file for bankruptcy a few days ago ... so it seems like it was great to see it that way ... if the that he had to weigh e I race heating up between Air Asia Ryanair and a share which to become one of the country's biggest low-cost carriers yes um you're huge officials have told me off the record that they are concerned about lying and ... rock drawings of roaring lion dance of London has mostly Serbs ... of the domestic Indonesian market they have some international flights out of Indonesia ... the main ... crux of the airline's focus I've mainly been domestic ... however ... the airline is planning tool to start a Malaysian based venture ... later this year ... as both a long long haul low cost ... airline later this year ... both the note these ... are struck at the heart of their ages ... core operations and ... and having to chose low-cost ... as and rather successful airline coming to this space and Air Asia has dominated for ... much of the decade ... is a big concern for Eurasia and for other low cost airlines operating in Southeast Asia absolutely ... I understand that the Air Asia is also starting to retrench from certain markets such as Singapore ... now what's happening there ought to be sure it wanted to set up the unit ... in Singapore ... so that it can operate flights ... and more flights from Singapore's parts of Southeast Asia ... that plan fell through ... the end of the work of Tony Fernandes told us took two weeks ago that it was because ... they wanted to focus on on Markets other less ... penetrated and that and more ... competitive opportunities Singapore's in ... mobile market that's very well served by many ... of their own low-cost carriers me so scarce and other low-cost carriers ... and on but a lot of analysts tell us that ... Singapore authorities have been less ... than welcoming to have another will cause care something of their own income players like Tiger Airways school in from Singapore Airlines so ... it's a difficult offering and barman by the mayor Asia says it will contain offered more flights out of that scale Poland for ... our hope into Singapore ... and keep its operations ... quite heavy Addison was well ... now as I understand it the one big market that everyone is eyeing is Vietnam is that can be a huge cash cow of anyone can get a write in if anyone can actually get and ... what's happening in Vietnam will they will they ever never lies ... the trend ... along the lines of phenomena and other Southeast Asian countries is two for the littlest market Jetstar ... has some sort of mood of the venture ready in ... in Vietnam but ... progress has been slowing ... reforms ... to cover forms of the unknown is ongoing and the hope is that over the next few years we will see ... more of an open skies of ... opener sky-high is freer skies of plant ... on top of the market ... tell them in addition of you know me on Mars another huge market that people think you'll see the phenomenal growth ... we see many airlines starting to operate flights into the country ... since last year when the government in the end of the yen on government has been ... up more ... and opening up ... its market to foreign investment and for now at a foreign companies and therefore we see a lot of interesting ... plot of aircraft ... low cost airlines and full service airlines flying into Myanmar as well ... today thanks so much for joining Jeffrey M Transportation editor for The Wall Street Journal ... thank you for watching Asia today for more in the story is that it WS J dot com ...


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DeKALB – While races for DeKalb mayor, city council and park district have been highlighted at local debates, candidates for DeKalb Township offices took center stage Wednesday.
Five township races were featured during the DeKalb County League of Women Voters Candidates Night at the Council Chambers in DeKalb City Hall. More than 30 candidates for local races of all offices were invited to the event, which was broadcast on the public access channel and streamed online at DeKalb's website. More than 50 people attended.
Although township candidates had not enjoyed a public stage to debate in the lead up to the April 9 election, DeKalb Township Supervisor Eric Johnson said the unit of government is still relevant and serve an important role.
Johnson highlighted the accomplishments during his tenure the past two years, including launching a cellphone recycling program, a Committee on Youth to battle juvenile delinquency and overhauling the township website to be more transparent.
"This is the unit of government closest to the people, and we want to keep it that way," Johnson said. "We're one of the few units of government that can say we carry zero debt."
Jim Luebke, the head of an independent coalition running for multiple township offices, said township government could be more accessible and efficient. He said he would have later than 4:30 p.m. start times for monthly meetings and look to eliminate programs such as the Committee on Youth.
Johnson and his challenger disagreed on the role of the Committee on Youth, with Luebke calling it an unnecessary layer of government and Johnson touting it as a vital source of funding for organizations such as Big Brothers Big Sisters.
"We have to make sure when we are expanding government we don't duplicate what people are already doing well," Luebke said.
Seven candidates are competing for four township board positions. Michael Shane and Patricia McKinley are two of the incumbents running for the positions and talked about their dedication to continuing the work the board has accomplished the past five years.
Shane said he would continue to protect the taxpayers while McKinley said she would stay connected to the community and be a voice for constituents.
"I'm out in the community a lot, and I let people know I am a trustee," McKinley said. "I take pride in my six years of service on the township board."
Lametra Curry, Kevin Flavin and Lisa King represented the independent party organized by Luebke.
Other township races include assessor, highway commissioner and clerk.
Flavin said he was a lifelong resident eager to give back, while Curry and King said they moved to DeKalb because of its opportunities and represent the diversity and changes that have taken place over the past decade.
"Our community has changed drastically. It's not even the same place 10 years ago when I came here," Curry said. "I would like to be that voice that may not be present at the table."


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Credit Evaluation
Accepted Courses
- Thomas More College accepts credits from any post-secondary degree-granting institution of higher education accredited by one of the six Regional Accrediting Associations.
- Credits will be reviewed and/or accepted if a student carries a grade of C- or better (1.667) in their completed courses.
- Courses not awarded credit by the student's previous institution(s) cannot be transferred.
- Courses taken at post-secondary institutions of higher education not accredited by one of the six Regional Accrediting Associations will be considered on an individual basis by a review panel.
Transfer Credit Limits
Thomas More has set acceptable limits to the number of transferable credit hours for Bachelors and Associate degrees and certificates:
Bachelor's degree
Maximum of 90 semester-hour credits and equivalency credits
Maximum of 60 "extra-institutional learning" credits*
Associate degree
Maximum of 44 semester hour credits and equivalency credits
Maximum of 30 "extra-institutional learning" credits*
Maximum of 12 semester-hour credits and equivalency credits
Maximum of 8 "extra-institutional learning" credits*
Extra-Institutional Learning Credits
Thomas More College accepts some Extra-Institutional Learning Credit based on the recommendation of the American Council on Education (ACE). Extra-Institutional Learning includes, but is not limited to: ACE, RECALL, CLEP, Dantes, Challenge Test, and credit for work or professional training, including military training.


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Soft: pre-washed for baby's comfort, and built to last. Items get softer with every wash. Stretch: 5% spandex gives each item just the right amount of one-way stretch. Breathable: keeps baby comfortable without overheating. Adjustable: shoulder straps lengthen or shorten for a perfect fit. 95% Cotton Muslin, 5% Spandex.
Static CMS block displayed as additional tab. You can insert any content here (text or HTML), e.g. info about returns and refunds.


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Amino Acid Metabolic Origin as an Evolutionary Influence on Protein Sequence in Yeast
Perlstein, Ethan O.
Published Versionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9218-5
MetadataShow full item record
Citationde Bivort, Benjamin L., Perlstein, Ethan O. Perlstein, Sam Kunes, and Stuart L. Schreiber. 2009. Amino acid metabolic origin as an evolutionary influence on protein sequence in yeast. Journal of Molecular Evolution 68(5): 490-497.
AbstractThe metabolic cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of alternating oxidative (respiration) and reductive (glycolysis) energy-yielding reactions. The intracellular concentrations of amino acid precursors generated by these reactions oscillate accordingly, attaining maximal concentration during the middle of their respective yeast metabolic cycle phases. Typically, the amino acids themselves are most abundant at the end of their precursor's phase. We show that this metabolic cycling has likely biased the amino acid composition of proteins across the S. cerevisiae genome. In particular, we observed that the metabolic source of amino acids is the single most important source of variation in the amino acid compositions of functionally related proteins and that this signal appears only in (facultative) organisms using both oxidative and reductive metabolism. Periodically expressed proteins are enriched for amino acids generated in the preceding phase of the metabolic cycle. Proteins expressed during the oxidative phase contain more glycolysis-derived amino acids, whereas proteins expressed during the reductive phase contain more respiration-derived amino acids. Rare amino acids (e.g., tryptophan) are greatly overrepresented or underrepresented, relative to the proteomic average, in periodically expressed proteins, whereas common amino acids vary by a few percent. Genome-wide, we infer that 20,000 to 60,000 residues have been modified by this previously unappreciated pressure. This trend is strongest in ancient proteins, suggesting that oscillating endogenous amino acid availability exerted genome-wide selective pressure on protein sequences across evolutionary time.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00239-009-9218-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Other Sourceshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687519/pdf/
Terms of UseThis article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#OAP
Citable link to this pagehttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4454163
- FAS Scholarly Articles [14543]
Contact administrator regarding this item (to report mistakes or request changes)


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WinXP,Win7 x32,Win7 x64,Windows2000,Windows2003,WinServer,Win Vista
Recoveronix Ltd.
Recovery for Exchange Server is a data recovery program for Microsoft Exchange Server databases. Recovery for Exchange Server processes corrupted mail databases (.edb, .stm) and saves the recovered data to a common Personal Storage File (.pst) format to be read with Outlook or other compatible mail client. Recovery for Exchange Server supports Exchange 2010, 2007, 2003, 2003 SP1, 2003 SP2, 2000 and 5.5.
Recovers mail folders, messages, notes, contacts, tasks, appointments. Restores user mailboxes as well as public folders. Gets back messages (including those with attachments) in RTF and HTML format. New integrated data recovery center implementation - all standalone OfficeRecovery products now united with common convenient for end-user GUI. Available for all modern platforms: Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 Server/Vista/2008 Server/7. Easy to use. No special user skills required.


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If I don't do the whole workout, I'm only cheating myself.
Today at Body Pump we did "Body Pump Express." It's a faster workout where you skip the warm-up and the squats. When I left tonight I was sweating. I increased my weight on most everything, so I feel like I got some sort of workout. However, I still feel like I should have done more.
I'm starting a new workout program as soon as it arrives and my best friend is coaching me through it. She used the same program and has lost 56lbs. I'll let you know when it gets here and what I think!


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If you have an older stereo system or speaker dock lying around that doesn't offer wireless streaming, a few companies make adapters that enable you to add Bluetooth to an existing set of powered speakers or an iPod speaker dock for not too much money. Logitech's version is the
The truth is there isn't much difference between the two in terms of what they do. But the Belkin is significantly smaller, about half the size, largely because it doesn't have a composite audio connection (red/white) built into it; it just has a 3.5mm minijack. And while the Logitech comes with a single 3.5mm-to-RCA cable, the Belkin includes that plus a 3.5mm-to-3.5mm cable. In other words, both of them can be connected to either type of audio input.
The Belkin Bluetooth Music Receiver looks like a shrunken-down version of an
As mentioned, the included cables offer maximum flexibility for connecting just about any powered audio device. You can plug the Belkin into any stereo, boom box, AV receiver, TV, or even an old pair of PC speakers -- anything with a free input. Because Bluetooth doesn't need line-of-sight with the audio source, you can even hide the Belkin box instead of having to keep it out in the open.
The audio source in question can be any Bluetooth-enabled smartphone (iPhone, Android, Windows Phone, BlackBerry), most tablets (yes on
Once you've connected the little box to your stereo's input with the included cable, you then just have to pair it with your Bluetooth-enabled device. While the Logitech adpater has a "connect" button that puts it into pairing mode, the Belkin simply makes itself available for pairing as soon as you plug it in. I was able to pair an iPhone 4S as well as an Android tablet without any trouble.


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For at least the 38th time the U.S. House of Representatives voted last week to repeal all or part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 — an exercise in futility meant only to make a political statement over and over.
On the other hand, the House did nothing to follow up on its July 11 decision to delete the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) from the federal farm bill. No bill has even been introduced to do what proponents reasoned was the best way to handle SNAP funding — separate the legislation.
Food assistance for the poor thus has become a political football in the partisan wrangling that pervades the U.S. Capitol.
The kneejerk opposition to government welfare programs is to require drug testing for recipients. At least eight states, including our neighbors Oklahoma, Missouri and Tennessee, have passed legislation for drug testing or screening for public assistance applicants or recipients. Such legislation has been proposed in at least 29 other states, including Arkansas, this year.
When it comes to SNAP, though, that's an inhumane strategy. If a prospective recipient does test positive for illegal drugs, are you then going to deny food to that person and his or her children?
Nationally, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, nearly 48 million people receive SNAP benefits, and 72 percent of those people are in families with children. In Arkansas the percentage is even higher: Of 509,000 participants (1 or every 6 people), 76 percent are in families with children. In fact, nearly half are children.
Deny food to the parent, and you also deny food to the child.
The other major fault is that screening for drugs isn't cheap or easy. The cost would chew up million of dollars that instead could have been used to buy food.
To be fair, proposals to require drug testing for SNAP recipients were offered in only six states last year, and none passed, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
However, the U.S. House tried to amend the Senate farm bill to facilitate drug testing of SNAP recipients. The amendment passed, but the bill didn't when a coalition of Democrats and Tea Party Republicans combined to beat it for very different reasons.
Nevertheless, there is widespread misunderstanding about the federal nutrition program. For one thing, food stamps are no more. Benefits are loaded on a plastic card known as an electronic benefit card, which can be used only to purchase food at an authorized retail location, of which Arkansas has about 2,300.
The average SNAP benefit in Arkansas is $1.35 per meal per person. Last week I suggested that our congressmen should try to eat on $4.05 a day.
In fact, some congressmen did — but not Arkansas' four House members, all of whom voted to take SNAP out of the farm bill.
In June about 30 Democratic House members did a trial run, trying to eat on a budget of $4.50 a day.
"Getting your budget down to $4.50 a day is complicated," wrote Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif. "You need to try to make sure you have enough protein, limit your sodium, and find good vegetables." She added that she bought crackers, peanut butter and an array of canned goods.
The trial didn't last long.
Federal guidelines determine who is eligible for SNAP benefits. The formula for means testing is fairly complicated, but it starts with a provision that the person's gross monthly income (not counting any allowable deductions) can be no more than 130 percent of the federal poverty rate.
For a family of four that's $2,498 a month — slightly under $30,000 a year. The federal minimum wage is only $7.25 an hour so it takes two members of the same family working full-time at that rate to make $30,000 a year.
More than 41 percent of all SNAP participants, both nationally and in Arkansas, are in working families.
That family of four, depending on allowable deductions, can get $668 in nutrition assistance per month, which works out to about $5.50 a day per person (it varies from region to region).
The notion that welfare families use "food stamps" to buy luxury items is misguided On $5.50 a day you can buy a T-bone steak or two, but you're going to go hungry when the steak is gone.
With SNAP benefits you can buy breads and cereals; fruits and vegetables; meats, fish and poultry; and dairy products. You can also buy seeds and plants that can be used to grow food for household members to eat.
In some areas restaurants can be authorized to accept SNAP benefits from the homeless, elderly or disabled people in exchange for low-cost meals.
SNAP cards cannot be used to buy beer, wine, liquor or tobacco; pet foods; soap, paper products; household supplies; vitamins and medicines; or hot goods or food that will be eaten in the store.
Another common argument against government assistance to the poor is that private organizations, not the government, should provide welfare. Ideally, that would be wonderful, and many charitable organizations do great work through food pantries, church relief efforts and the like. But they don't have the resources to do it regularly, efficiently or on a widespread basis.
Hunger is an issue we must face as a nation.
Roy Ockert is editor emeritus of The Jonesboro Sun. He may be reached by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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ArcTouch Developers necesitaba un nuevo diseño de botón o icono y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 34 diseños de 15 diseñadores freelance.
ArcTouch / Tip 'em!
ArcTouch is a San Francisco based developer of custom applications for the iPhone, BlackBerry, Android and Pre.
Palm Pre users
Design an app icon for Tip 'em! - a tip calculator for the Palm Pre.
Tip 'em! already exists on the BlackBerry. You can see the icon and screenshots for the BlackBerry version at:
Icon - http://arctouch.com/wp-content/uplo…m-Icon.png
Screenshots - http://arctouch.com/2009/06/tip-em-…lackberry/
Tip 'em! will soon be available on the Palm Pre and we are looking for a great app icon for it.
The icon you create should be somewhat similar to the BlackBerry version of the icon (should still be a calculator that says "Tip" on it) but must be consistent with the style of the other app icons on the Palm Pre.
Here's an example of Palm Pre icons for your reference. http://i.bnet.com/blogs/pre02.jpg
You'll notice that these icons have more color and perspective typically than the flat 2D on black style of the BlackBerry.
* app icon for device - 64x64 - png
* app icon for store - 512x512 - png
* original larger sized psd and/or eps
Do not include the name of the app in the icon.


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Maxine Illingworth, 96
Maxine Illingworth, age 96 of Broken Bow, died Aug. 25, 2013, at her home. Funeral services were Wednesday, Aug. 28, at Govier Brothers Mortuary with the Rev. Todd Karges and Chaplain Steve Shanno officiating. Interment was in the West Union Cemetery. Govier Brothers Mortuary of Broken Bow was in charge of arrangements. Maxine was born Feb. 10, 1917, in the West Union community near Sargent to Loyd and Mae (Hill) Pointer. She spent her childhood there and graduated from Sargent High School in 1934. She taught at several schools in the area attending Kearney State College in the summer months. She was united in marriage to Ward Illingworth Sept. 1, 1940. They had the joy of spending 55 years together. Maxine's family was the main focus of her life. She worked part-time in various businesses in Broken Bow. She was a Girl Scout leader, a member of the United Methodist Church for more than 50 years, and the Outreachers circle. She was active in Jobs Daughters, a member of the American Legion Auxilliary for 66 years holding the office of president. She was also a member of the Eight and Forty Club for many years, which is all past presidents of Nebraska. In her younger years she enjoyed her bridge club. After retirement she and Ward did lots of traveling. Survivors include her daughter, Mary Kriha of Lincoln; one granddaughter, Sara Kriha and a great- grandson, Noah Diaz, both of Lincoln. She was preceded in death by her husband, Ward in 1995; one sister, Doris Lee and a brother, Harold Pointer.Published in Custer County Chief, Aug. 29, 2013


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I find myself these days trailing a band of wandering academic troubadors, scholars who are invited by congregations to give lectures as part of adult education programs. More often than not, I follow the likes of Marcus Borg, John Dominic Crossan, N. T. Wright and Bart Ehrman, and I am frequently invited as someone who can "represent another view." In other words, I am a sidenote to the preferred menu of historical Jesus offerings. When I do offer an alternative way of thinking about the Jesus of the Gospels, there are invariably some in the congregation who find it puzzling that I should be so at odds with what they take to be the best of biblical scholarship. In short, 25 years after the Jesus Seminar started a new round in the historical Jesus controversy and 14 years after I tried (in The Real Jesus) to show how contemporary historical Jesus scholarship was—with some exceptions—bogus, there is still an eager audience for the tune these troubadors sing.
The reasons are not hard to find. The troubadors are, without exception, extraordinary teachers and public speakers with well-earned reputations for instructing in a lively and even entertaining fashion. Mr. Borg and Bishop Wright, moreover, explicitly embrace Christian identity and convey a positive rather than negative sense of what scholarship can offer. Ehrman is a gifted teacher. And Mr. Crossan is sui generis, a man so full of wit and verbal play that I am personally willing to hear him speak on any subject at all. The personal charisma of the speakers is undoubtedly part of the appeal.
The speakers have also effectively marketed their presentations as genuine scholarship; they claim to make publicly available the critical approach that, they suggest, other academics also follow but keep within the professional guild. Congregations and parishes starving for some intellectual stimulus are eager consumers. Few follow closely what biblical scholars are doing. What basis for comparison is available in books from Barnes & Noble? Audiences have little reason to challenge the troubadors' claim to represent the best the academy has to offer. In fact, were these congregations aware of the desperately trivial character of much academic scholarship, they would be even more willing to accept as vital and necessary the words of those who are providing insight into the figure of Jesus for the church rather than developing another esoteric methodology for the sake of tenure.
Most of all, I think, congregations are truly eager to learn about the human Jesus and too often find what they hear in sermons and Sunday schools to have little intellectual substance or spiritual nourishment. They desire a grown-up faith, and the itinerant speakers appear to offer a quicker, more interesting path to such maturity than is available through traditional practices of faith. For those schooled to value information over insight, the offer of historical knowledge about Jesus seems just the ticket.
Limits of History
There is absolutely nothing wrong with studying Jesus as a historical figure, and if we so study him, it is correct to bracket the premises of faith. The sort of project undertaken by Msgr. J. P. Meier in A Marginal Jew, which tests what elements in the Gospel accounts can be historically verified, is perfectly legitimate and yields genuine results. But as Monsignor Meier himself recognizes, the empirically verifiable Jesus is by no means the "real" Jesus. It is more than legitimate, moreover, to learn as much history as possible about the first-century world of Jesus. The point of this knowledge, however, is to become better and more responsible readers of the Gospels themselves. It is not to deconstruct the Gospel narratives in order to reconstruct a "historical Jesus" and claim thereby to have discovered who Jesus really was. Still less is it to propose such a reconstruction as normative for Christians today.
History is a limited way of knowing reality. Dependent on the fragmentary bits of what was observed, recorded, saved and transmitted from the past, recognizing that all human witness is biased and cautious about speculating beyond available evidence, responsible historians know they deal only in probabilities, not certainties. Theirs is a descriptive art rather than a prescriptive science. And in the case of Jesus and the Gospels, the critical problems facing all historical reconstruction are extreme, warning investigators against pushing against the limits. Thus, historians can assert with greater or lesser probability certain facts about Jesus (his death by crucifixion) or certain patterns of his ministry (speaking in parables) or even certain incidents (his baptism by John). But historians cannot on the basis of those probable conclusions offer an alternative narrative or interpretation from those found in the Gospels.
Just such a pushing of the limits of responsible historiography, however, just such an offering of alternatives to the Gospels is what has propelled the entire historical Jesus project, today as in the past. Three aspects of the project are objectionable even when one grants the legitimacy of using history for Jesus. First, history cannot deliver what the historical Jesus project promises, namely a solid version of Jesus other than that of the Gospels. Second, the effort to reconstruct such an alternative Jesus leads to a distortion of the methods that belong to sober historiography. Third, and most sadly, the Jesus offered as an alternative is often a mirror image of the scholar's own ideals. It is not surprising, then, that virtually every sort of Jesus reconstructed by scholars in this generation is based solidly on the Jesus of the Gospel of Luke, for this is the Jesus we most admire—political, public, prophetic, the one who includes the marginal and challenges the status of the powerful. In this sense, the multiple versions of the "historical Jesus" often presented by lecture or by book today have precisely the same status as apocryphal gospels in the early church: They can entertain and sometimes even instruct, but they are not a foundation on which to build the church.
An Alternative
So what do I offer the congregations who invite me to share my "alternative view"? I try to affirm their desire for a mature and intellectually alive faith and encourage the study of history as a means for a more responsible reading of the Gospels. I am convinced that the more genuine a sense of historical study such seeking Christians gain, the less they will be prey to the distortions of those who trade on the title of historian while offering only a form of personal apocrypha. But I emphasize that the real point of historical knowledge is not the dismantling of the Gospels but a fuller engagement with the Gospel narrative. One of the perhaps surprising results of the best historical study of first-century Palestine, I point out, is that the incidental information provided by the Gospels concerning Jesus' political and cultural context and religious environment tends to confirm rather than disprove the information about those matters in the Gospels.
More important, I try to show how encountering Jesus as a literary character in each of the canonical Gospels makes possible a more profound, satisfying and ultimately more "historical" knowledge of the human Jesus than that offered by scholarly reconstructions. Once readers recognize and begin to appreciate the diverse portraits of Jesus found in the Gospels, not as the poor offerings of historical sources but as the rich witness of faith, they begin to sense that the human Jesus is a far richer and elusive reality than either superficial belief or superficial historical scholarship would suggest. Such literary appreciation of the Gospels also leads to the insight that despite their divergent perspectives and themes, they converge impressively precisely on the historical issue that is of the most vital importance concerning the human Jesus, namely his character. What sort of person was Jesus? Each Gospel witnesses to the truth that Jesus as a human being was defined first by his radical obedience to God and second by his utter self-giving to others. This Jesus of the Gospels is the same Jesus found in the letters of Paul and Peter and in the Letter to the Hebrews. It is the historic Christ who shaped the identity of Christian discipleship through the ages and generated prophetic reform in every age of the church.
'He Lives Now'
Most of all, I try to remind my audience that the entire quest for the historical Jesus is a massive deflection of Christian awareness from its proper focus: learning the living Jesus—the resurrected and exalted Lord present to believers through the power of the Holy Spirit—in the common life and common practices of the church. To concentrate on "the historical Jesus," as though the ministry of Jesus as reconstructed by scholarship were of ultimate importance for the life of discipleship, is to forget the most important truth about Jesus—namely, that he lives now as Lord in the full presence and power of God and presses upon us at every moment not as a memory of the past but as a presence that defines our present. If Jesus is simply a dead man of the past, then knowing him through historical reconstruction is necessary and inevitable. But if he lives in the present as powerful and commanding Lord, then he must be learned through the obedience of faith.
Jesus is best learned not as a result of an individual's scholarly quest that is published in a book, but as a continuing process of personal transformation within a community of disciples. Jesus is learned through the faithful reading of the Scriptures, true, but he is learned as well through the sacraments (above all the Eucharist), the lives of saints (dead and living) and the strangers with whom the exalted Lord especially associates himself. Next to such a difficult and complex form of learning Jesus as he truly is—the life-giving Spirit who enlivens above all the assembly called the body of Christ—the investigations of historians, even at their best, seem but a drab and impoverished distraction.
Such is the tune I sing as I follow in the train of the troubadors dancing before me through the scattered parishes and congregations of this country. It is an old song, what St. Augustine called the "alleluia song." But it is also always new and always renewing.
Listen to a conversation with Luke Timothy Johnson.
Excellent article: it is time for Christianity to remember where the truth historical Jesus can be found.In separate events Peter and Paul defended their faith based on the historical truth of the events that surrounded the life of Jesus. And that historical truth did include extraordinary events, which we call supernatural. Trying to reconstruct an historical Jesus excluding the extraordinary events that surrounded his life is therefore only a partial reconstruction: the so call historical Jesus is then a cartoonish version of the true Jesus who walked this hearth.
Extracting from Jesus these extraordinary events (which is quite similar to excluding the Gospels as an historical reliable reference of the life of Jesus) may be driven by two different reasons. On one hand, many scholars think they would look foolish if they accept extraordinary events as actual events that occurred in this hearth: in order to look professional and in tune with the prevailing rationalistic trend, they rather take the safer approach to extirpate all those events from the life of Jesus. On the other hand are those with a personal agenda: they do not like the teachings of the Gospels, so the best approach is to claim that the Gospels are not truly reliable, as – according to those "scholars" – in the Gospels the actual historical truth was manipulated to serve the personal agenda of some of the early Christians.
To make a point: the Catholic Church does not believe in the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth because otherwise our faith would be vain. The Catholic Church believes in the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth because it is a historical fact. Truth and faith are blended together and are inseparable.
Let's make no mistake, the Jesus of the Gospels is the truth historical Jesus.
Others not so honest, deal with what seems to me to be like a "Jack-in-the-box" approach, or a "pop tart" mentality. I mean a "now you see me, now you don't" adventurism, giving Jesus a kind of periodic re-resurrection, "the stone rolled back" by their restless spirit. To me, these people are like New Testament agnostics, some even, perhaps, closet anti-Christian antagonists, a few may actually be bona fide scholars who have lost their way listening to "teachers with itching ears!" The whole thing seems to be an exercise in a kind of humorless drollery, out of which, as with as with any "heresy" a grain of truth may emerge. Jaded as their scholarship of the "historical Jesus" is, valuable informational nuggets may be uncovered, which end up as jewels in the Crown of the King of Kings!
On the contrary, Professor Johnson's scholarship sets the heart on fire with an Emmaus-like experience as he speaks, a predictable part of every authentic confirmation, or re-confirmation in Christ by the Holy Spirit. It swells the heart and,
illumines the mind, sets free the soul to soar like a dove, or like an eagle, singing Augustine's "Alleluia Song" as Professor Johnson suggests.
Let me suggest, perhaps too simply, that "historical Jesus" scholarship is like a piece of fruit. The above-mentioned New Testamment agnostics et al, eat the meat and discard the core where the seeds reside. Professor Johnson and his ilk get down to the core, retrieve its seed, planting it in the soul-soil of Faith-enlightened scholarship and the GRAPEVINE which is Jesus takes root and flourishes! We are its branches!
St. Paul in Hebrews 13:8 tells us "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever."
That's quite a historical statement! It is known and documented that Jesus has been showing up in history as well as in our time, in the lives of many, yes, in the lives of saints like St. Teresa of Avila, but also in the lives of many "ordinary" people. The content of those encounters is often surprising, which may be an understatement.
An interesting book on this subject is SACRED ENCOUNTERS with Jesus
by G. Scott Sparrow, Ed.D. While the author is not himself a Catholic, the book bears a NIHIL OBSTAT by the Censor Librorum and an IMPRIMATUR from the Bishop of Dallas, September 16, 2002. That whole scenario is a bit of church history in itself and perhaps one of the reasons people seek ways of encountering Jesus, "the same yesterday, today, and forever" in ways that are meaningful to them.
Still, I do believe that the historical Jesus scholarship is important to what Prof. Johnson calls the "desire for a mature and intellectually alive faith" and an historically "responsible reading of the Gospel." To me, this means stripping away (or at least reevaluating) the "embellishments" of Jesus' teaching added by the institutional Catholic Church and by Christians down through the ages.
I am skeptical of the claim that these institutional Church "embellishments" of Jesus' teaching are uniformly divinely inspired. On how many occasions do the Gospels reflect Jesus' frustration that his disciples just didn't get it? As human beings, they interpreted Jesus' teaching with regard to their own understanding of the world, which is not what Jesus intended. And while scripture records that "their eyes were opened" to the truth of Jesus divinity after the resurrection, I'm not convinced that this holds true for everything recorded in the NT. Human beings are still human beings, and they see things in the light that enhances their own worldly authority, theological preferences, and view of social order.
Moreover, the words "scripture says" have been used to justify all manner of human oppression through the ages, from demonization of Jews, to the torture of the Inquisition, to the persecution of scientists like Galileo and Teilhard, to the enslavement of Africans, to the marginalization of women, right down to the present pedophile cover-up. So, to me, it is useful to know what Jesus and his apostles actually taught, and historical Jesus scholarship is the tool for uncovering this.
And one final point: As a woman, I can assure Prof. Johnson that is is hardly "trivial" to me whether Paul actually taught that women should be "submissive" or if, as Prof. Ehrman suggests, that (and similar) language was added to Paul's writing by the early Church to justify the marginalization of women.
Also, if the Catholic Church is going to put such great weight on a particular saying of Jesus (for example, on the indissolubility of marriage), it seems to me critically important to know exactly what he said and what he meant. What Jesus says about marriage in Mark 10 is more strict than what he says in Matthew 5, and Paul invents a loophole. Of course, if you believe the Church is guided by the Holy Spirit and can't be wrong, then you take the Church's word that Jesus intended an absolute prohibition on divorce and remarriage.
It may be that the search for the historical Jesus is futile - one definitive portrait - but certainly the historical-critical method is extremely useful.
Also, at least from the viewpoint of the nonbeliever or the almost-believer, the fact that there are no accounts of Jesus written by those who were not intent on proselytizing makes a critical examination of the Gospels a necessity. What followers write about a charismatic leader cannot always be taken at face value.
"Cogito ergo sum" the filosophical justification for subjective interpretations for all reality,includng revelation. How alive it is in today´s subjective society.
I take the shorter version of Johnson to go like this: good theology cannot be derived from historical studies alone. With this, I am in complete agreement. Anyone who thinks that historical investigation into Jesus will finally determine the proper theological understanding of Jesus is confused, and has at least committed a category error, of sorts.That said, I think Johnson completely overlooks one of principle reasons people get interested in the historical Jesus. Beyond an interest in the humanity of Jesus, which is what Johnson proposes, I think there is also a strong sense that some very traditional claims about Jesus are not credible. Consider:
1) If evolution is true, then there was no "Adam and Eve," Jesus cannot literally be the "New Adam," nor can he have any salvific relationship to an "original sin," if that sin is understood as a specific act by an original person in time.
2) The various fulfillment texts in the NT are almost certainly a literary device used by the gospel writers to promote their gospel narrative, and not actual historical occurrences verifying the authenticity of Jesus's messianic status. Beyond the fulfillment texts themselves is the question of the widely held belief that the gospels are themselves historically true, a belief that is impossible to hold after careful reading of the texts. Johnson himself refers to the literary character of the gospels and to the diverse understandings of Jesus present in them, but then seems entirely unwilling to wonder if many Christians would find such claims unnerving.
3) As Joseph Fitzmeyer recently demonstrated (The One Who Is To Come), the Christian use of the term messiah as applied to Jesus bears little theological resemblance to the Jewish uses of the term. If Jesus was a Jew, and if his earliest followers were Jews, it does not indicate a simplistic reliance on history to wonder if there has not been some very important theological innovation in the Christian appeal to the messianic status of Jesus. Such theological innovation might also be suspected in uses of the phrase "Son of God," but, here again, the point is not to use history to prove something right or wrong, but rather to begin to wonder how firm the authoritative foundation has been for making such claims.
4) Biblical studies show that it is almost certain that the earliest followers of Jesus expected an imminent Second Coming. It does not indicate a simplistic reliance on history to wonder where they got this idea from, and what it might mean that they got it so wrong, and that now 2,000 years have passed without the Second Coming, one still wonders about this early confidence.
5) Biblical and historical studies strongly suggest a much, much more Jewish Jesus than traditional Christian thought has admitted, and so various anti-Jewish theologies that have come hand in glove with various theological claims about Jesus are seen to be unpersuasive.
Many more examples could be raised, all of which make the same point: there are well informed reasons to wonder about the credibility of many traditional theological claims about Jesus.
Of course, what a living church must do with such problems is proclaim a credible gospel while attending to the best of historical studies. Consider what Johnson does in the above article. The core gospel affirmation is this:
Such literary appreciation of the Gospels also leads to the insight that despite their divergent perspectives and themes, they converge impressively precisely on the historical issue that is of the most vital importance concerning the human Jesus, namely his character. What sort of person was Jesus? Each Gospel witnesses to the truth that Jesus as a human being was defined first by his radical obedience to God and second by his utter self-giving to others.If this is the theological core that Johnson wishes to run with, more power to him. I think there are a lot of Christians who could affirm this Jesus (and Jews and Muslims for that matter!) without worrying about other theological claims regarding Jesus that are less credible.
Finally, what about faith? Johnson seems to suggest that anything but a robust faith in the creedal Jesus indicates something of a lack of trying on one's part, and I find this very troubling. Even he looks for theological language that circumvents the creeds. For example,
To concentrate on "the historical Jesus," as though the ministry of Jesus as reconstructed by scholarship were of ultimate importance for the life of discipleship, is to forget the most important truth about Jesus—namely, that he lives now as Lord in the full presence and power of God and presses upon us at every moment not as a memory of the past but as a presence that defines our present.Even Johnson's Jesus lives now "in" the full presence and power of God, and not "as" the full presence and power of God.. In this sense, Jesus is an icon of God. But to suggest that the Jesus in whom Christians should place their faith is a theologically obvious Jesus, rather than one that must be searched for again and again, is simply to suggest that nothing at all has happened since humans first encountered the man from Nazareth.
[cross-posted on a dotCommonweal discussion of this article]
As a physician who teaches bio-ethics to medical students & residents , motive is alway a chief principal in deciding whether an action is valid, moral & ethical. So, I ask what can be the motive that leads such a group to promulgate their slogans & ideas. ? I have a hunch that unhappiness may play a role in some of their decision making actions along with with past hurts that they may have encountered with the Church.. Taking a cue from Pascal I believe them to be good, rational people in search of God but who at present have not found Him & are unhappy.
Furthermore, when reviewing their material either in person or secondarily a sense of spiritual elitism seems to manifest itself in their presentations..In fact, my present Pastor, who is an avid follower of some of these individuals once told me during one of their DVD presentations that I had not reached the higher level he had achieved because of my dualistic personality..Give me dualism or give me death!!
Thus, what is all this about ? Jesus, of course!! Keep it simple stupid..And the surest way to find Him is to go to the Tabernacle in any Catholic Church & you will encounter Him where "He Lives Now".
It goes without saying that I disagree with everything he says and although I'd like to tackle his remarks one, by one, I'll single out one very important assertion said early on as follows. "If evolution is true, then there was no Adam and Eve (and) Jesus cannot literally be the 'New Adam" nor can he have any salvific relationship to an 'original sin' ... ".
First off, it's not a matter of "if" - evolution is part of the deposit of Natural Divine Truth revealed through scientific revelation. Pope John Paul II admitted as much in public statements and even Augustine (354-430) spoke of "mitigated evolution" at least in "lower forms of life." If he had the data we have today, he might conclude, that the evolution of the species is the way the Triune God chose to create everything, sharing if you will the fundamental characteristic of the Divine lifestyle, wherein Trinitarian procession in Undivided Unity evolves everlastingly without beginning, or end, one from the other total and complete. I would concur. Indeed, everything in some way or the other evolved and in some cases continue to evolve, in meaningful procession.
So then, according to the natural order of things, when did God "discover" Adam and Eve? Or better put, when did Adam and Eve "discover" God? Everything in Revelation is about the "discovery of God," Eden's folly pre-eminently so! However, or whenever it happened, therein we have the beginning of Salvation History vaguely sketched in Genesis and millions of years in the making, all the handiwork of God for Whom one day is like a million years and a million years like one day.
Respectfully then, within that frame discover the arrival of sin, also the legitimacy of Jesus as the "New Adam" and his salvific relationship to humanity, indeed to all materiality as the Incarnation demonstrates. Therein lies on its deathbed secularism, spawned from the spew of the tyranny of relativism.
Yes, Revelation happened within the folds of the mantle of evolution, the God-designed "security blanket" wrapped around all materiality, eminently from the Creator. It is a type of "Joseph's Coat of Many Colors" the "many colors" being the multi-facetted zig-zag of evolutionary outcomes, held together by Divine Providence "Who orders all things sweetly." Rethink your premise, Joe, for we are the offspring of a mighty God who sings as Frank Sinatra did, "I did it MY way!" Jesus is Lord!
I regret upsetting you. That was not my intention. I think this is probably not the place to discuss the Trinitarian nature of evolution, but I will give it some thought.
saying simply, thanks for responding and suggesting that you do look into the hypothetical that, the "Unknowable One" is infact, an Evolutionary Being. Also do as Dr. Carrozza post #13 suggested - spend time before the Tabernacle, there to get info on the "historical Jesus" possible nowhere else.
The problem of evolution and Adam and Eve is more difficult than you make it out to be, and although this is not the forum in which to debate it, let me just clarify - at least from my point of view - where the difficulty lies. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, "390 The account of the fall in Genesis 3 uses figurative language, but affirms a primeval event, a deed that took place at the beginning of the history of man. Revelation gives us the certainty of faith that the whole of human history is marked by the original fault freely committed by our first parents." For this to be true, the entire human race would have to be descended from two individuals who lived recently enough to be sufficiently developed intellectually and morally to be culpable for an act of such magnitude that all of humanity suffered for it and required a Redeemer to repair the damage.
Geneticists tell us that the most recent female common ancestor (mitochondrial Eve) lived about 150 thousand years ago in Africa, and the most recent male common ancestor (Y-chrosomal Adam) lived about 65 thousand years ago, also in Africa. So "Adam" and "Eve" never met. Exactly how accurate those findings may be is open to question, but the weight of scientific evidence is clearly against the idea that the entire human race descended from two parents.
All I want to say relative to your response is, if you're right, what fools we Believers have been! Revelation debunked!Of course I believe you're wrong in that under the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Jesus we become the family of God, with Adam and Eve not our only biological First Parents, but rather the specially chosen First Parents of Humanity at large chosen by God whenever and however he did, on the way to redemption via Revelation specifically the Incarnation. So much more that needs to be said, but enoughs aid simply plainly and without glo I add - not simple, but simplistic you might say.
If Believers are right a lot of debunkers are in for a big surprise! Thanks for your post.
If propositions are not the ultimate object of faith, but the proximate objects of faith; both arguments, in my opinion, presented the reader with substance to think about. A foundational belief of Christianity is Faith and Reason are friends and should take one's intellect closer to the truth, that is God. Bravo!
Thank you for printing Luke Timothy Johnson's article in America's August 2 issue. Although I wish the editors had limited the article to the last three paragraphs entitled, 'He Lives Now'. The first three-quarters of the article left me asking, why is America printing this? Here are a few of the bumps I encountered.
In Paragraph 1, Johnson mentions "Marcus Borg, John Dominic Crossan, N. T. Wright and Bart Ehrman" in one breathe, and introduces the four with "the likes of Marcus Borg,..." creating the impression the four men are alike in their theology and historical conclusions. But anyone who has read "The Meaning of Jesus," or the newer "The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions" by N.T. Wright and Marcus Borg knows Wright is different in both approach and conclusion from Borg, Crossan or Ehrman. When Johnson writes, "I do offer an alternative way of thinking about the Jesus of the Gospels," or "that I should be so at odds with what they take to be the best of biblical scholarship," or when he refers to the four as "The troubadours" he strengthens the impression the four are monolithic, and he alone stands in opposition to each of the others. Finally, Johnson refers to "the Jesus Seminar" and "the historical Jesus controversy," as if Wright were part of this, and shares the agnostic and skeptical thinking of Crossan and Ehrman. Why would Johnson employ argumentation that is misleading, and appears to be unfairly self-serving?
In paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, when Johnson says, "The speakers have ... effectively marketed their presentations as genuine scholarship,..." he creates the impression, for those unfamiliar with the four, that their work is not genuine scholarship. When he writes, "were these congregations aware of the desperately trivial character of much academic scholarship," he creates the impression he is speaking of these four men, and reduces their work to triviality without justifying this. These and other terms and phrases in these paragraphs are at best inaccurate and unfair, and sound like a poorly crafted attempt to discredit his rivals ad hominem. Finally, when he bemoans the popularity of "itinerant speakers," he gives me the impression he is jealous, and willing to be unprofessional in his critique.
Limits of History
In the Limits of History, Johnson refers to "the "real" Jesus," as if he and those who agree with him are the only ones who know the real historical Jesus. But he never offers evidence for this claim. When he says, "The point of this knowledge ... is to reconstruct a 'historical Jesus' and claim thereby to have discovered who Jesus really was," he does not explain why the point could not be to deconstruct the Gospel narratives and reconstruct a "historical Jesus" in order to discover who the historical Jesus really was. Again, when he claims, "historians cannot on the basis of those probable conclusions offer an alternative narrative or interpretation from those found in the Gospels," he does not justify himself. He labels these methods: "pushing of the limits of responsible historiography," and as such denies the good these efforts might produce. He refers to "sober historiography" without adequately defining and defending what he means. And when he says,"most sadly, the Jesus offered as an alternative is often a mirror image of the scholar's own ideals," is he not mirroring his own bias—presenting a Jesus as an image his personal ideals? And when he refers to Luke's Jesus as "the Jesus we most admire," who is the "we" he refers to?
An Alternative
What is the "superficial historical scholarship" Johnson refers to? Is it the work of Borg, Crossan, Wright and Ehrman? Has Johnson argued convincingly that their work is superficial? While I agree that "Each Gospel witnesses to the truth that Jesus as a human being was defined first by his radical obedience to God and second by his utter self-giving to others," I disagree that "This Jesus of the Gospels is the same Jesus found in the letters of Paul." Paul did not write of the historical Jesus. He wrote of the Risen Christ who revealed himself and his message to Paul. Likewise, when Johnson writes, "It is the historic Christ who shaped the identity of Christian discipleship through the ages and generated prophetic reform in every age of the church," he is not clear if he means the historic risen Christ, or the historic earthly Jesus. If the former, I agree; if the latter, I think he is wrong. It was not the historical Jesus who inspired Peter, James and the Council of Jerusalem agree with Paul's request to free Greek Christians from certain Mosaic regulations. It was the Spirit of the Risen Christ. We could say the same for other councils and movements. Christian discipleship, since the time of Paul, has primarily been formed by this Spirit acting in creation and through the discerning faith lives of Christian disciples. Johnson affirms this in the final section, but he seems to contradict himself with his efforts to invalidate his rivals.
Finally, I wonder why Johnson did not mention contemporary Catholic scripture scholars or biblical historians. His article could create the impression that only the four troubadours and he are worthy subjects of discussion.
J.F. Izzo, S.J., Fresno, CA
August 4, 2010
Lots of good points.
As I recall, in The Real Jesus, Luke Timothy Johnson in a couple of instances looks askance at the work of Raymond E. Brown. Does Johnson consider himself on one side and virtually everyone else on the other (wrong) side?
I felt Luke Timothy Johnson's essay was very defensive. It reminded me of some small tracts in the church pamphlet rack in the 1950s and 1960s. The hot topics, back then, were the discoveries of ancient texts near the Dead Sea and Nag Hamadi, Eqypt. These pamphlets were addressed to Catholics who knew very little, and read next to nothing, about the Hebrew bible and Christian testament. The purpose was, clearly, to assure Catholics that these discoveries would not disprove the Church's claim to authenticity and authority. If future disclosures were to suggest the contrary, Catholics were cautioned, ahead of time, that such claims could not be true, anyway.
In my view, reactions to critical comments, above, were clearly ad hominem - or at least close to it. Painting a commenter with the broad brush of a label of opprobrium does not an argument make. Unfortunately, Johnson tends toward this, himself. It is entirely unnecessary. State your argument, put it up against the opposition, and let it stand on its own merits. There is always a place for a little banter among intellectual colleagues, but that is not what we see.
I thought I would continue with a more detailed criticism of Johnson's piece, and offer my insightful and incisive commentary. Well, Father Izzo and David Nichol beat me to it, and more insightful and incisive than I would have done. So all I can say is:
What Father Izzo and David Nichol said.
Elsewhere (e.g., "The Real Jesus," p. 134ff), Johnson asserts that Christianity actually started with the resurrection experiences of Jesus' followers. I have had a truly profound "resurrection experience" of the risen Jesus in a visionary (mystical) experience. Having paid attention to my dreams for more than 25 years, I have no doubt that the mind that created that resurrected-Jesus experience/vision is the same mind that created all my dreams as well as the dreams/visions recorded in the OT and NT. Isn't it about time, theologians zero in on what the psychiatrists/psychologists term the "unconscious," at least its dream/vision-making activity—as opposed to speaking in terms of "Jesus-the resurrected and exalted Lord present to believers through the power of the Holy Spirit-in the common life and common practices of the church"? If theologians, generally speaking, aren't aware of the correspondence between the unconscious and the Holy Spirit with respect to the dreams/visions of the OT and NT, including resurrection experiences, and such experiences today, well, that's pretty sad. Johnson's language sounds archaic to my ears-and lacking in psychological awareness. My two cents.
Johnson's article disappoints as he seems to fall into two traps: 'argumentum ad hominem' and misrepresentation. From referring to most historical Jesus scholarship as "bogus" to his closing "Such is the tune I sing as I follow in the train of the troubadours dancing before me..." Johnson glibly attacks rather than convinces.
Substantively, I am struck by the misrepresentation of much of what he says. Borg makes it quite clear in his work that the Gospels are true if not literally factual in every aspect. Borg would, I think, quickly acknowledge the importance of seeing the Gospels as "the rich witness of faith." Yet Johnson presents the Jesus Seminar as opposed to this.
Quite to the contrary, the Jesus Seminar does not see Jesus as "simply a dead man of the past." To say this is to completely miss the intent of their work.
Johnson suggests that "personal transformation within a community of disciples" must occur within "the common life and common practices of the church." A most interesting & to me, limited approach. Such common practices as a male dominated hierarchy? Such practices as misleading the faithful into thinking that the church has had a celibate priesthood from the very beginning rather than just since the 12th century?"
"Transformation within a community of disciples" cannot grow and develop in the current experience of Sunday Mass as Johnson so aptly describes: "sermons...(that) have little intellectual substance or spiritual nourishment."
I'm left with a question: Is Luke Timothy Johnson objecting to the Jesus Seminar and similar work because it goes against his preconceived preferences? Certainly his thinly veiled attack suggest this to me. I have to wonder if he is not in fact guilty of that which he accuses others.
Ed Steinmann:
It is my personal view that everyone should celebrate the spiritual/mystical experiences of others. All of us should be grateful for the enlightenment we receive in our own spiritual/mystical encouters with God, the numinous, a higher power, a transcendence.
I think it is a mistake when we generalize our understanding of how it works for us into a prescription for how it should work for others. Are we really going to find a 'mechanism' for a spiritual life? There is no such thing as the unconscious. There is no place in the brain where the unconscious lies. The unconscious is a concept used to describe mental life and behavior in terms of being accessible to conscious thought. The unconscious, itself, does not exist.
Let's not feel sad that others do not approach an understanding of transcending experiences in the same way we do. I've heard other people say they feel sorry for those who do not think and feel the way they do. Let's rejoice in our own spiritual encounters, and hope that others will find their own way to the same experiences. When they do, we will all rejoice with them.
Mr. Costa,
The "unconscious" is just a word that psychiatrists/psychologists use, in part, to refer to that which creates dreams in us every night-and visions sometimes also. If they could come up with a better word, I'm sure they would. One could, if one preferred, call the dream-making mind the "Holy Spirit" or "God". For example, this from Abraham Lincoln (Jim Bishop, "The Day Lincoln was Shot," Harper and Row, 1955, at 54):
"It seems strange how much there is in the Bible about dreams. There are, I think, some sixteen chapters in the Old Testament and four or five in the New in which dreams are mentioned; and there are many other passages scattered throughout the book which refer to visions. If we believe the Bible, we must accept the fact that, in the old days, God and his angels came to men in their sleep and made themselves known in dreams."
I agree with Mr. Rivera's post (#26) that Johnson in his ad hominem and unseemly attacks upon Borg, the Jesus Seminar, et al. has just erected straw men and knocked them down-and made himself look foolish in doing so.
that he has written along with several of his books I would consider it an honor & blessing to be both his brother & friend. Truth Always!! Always Truth!!
PS. the above affirmation also applies to all the other individuals that have commented on the Jesus Controversy article.
There are also more people thinking about and experiencing Jesus in the Gospels today. In prior days, most of Christendom was illiterate and the Gospels were beyond their reach, locked into an ancient language. Jesus in the venacular is much more accessible.
No Gospel tells the whole story, even regarding the passion. For example, some scriptures have Jesus promising to not drink of the fruit of the vine until he does so in his Father's kingdom - yet John has him thirsting and sipping vinegar before he dies. Since we can presume that this is not some kind of secret signal that the Gospel is a farce, there must be some meaning attached to this paradox that can illuminate the question of when he and we entered the Father's kingdom and what that means in understanding our salvation - which cannot be left to the realm of mystery. The method of our salvation must be understandable to us - not simply something that was done on our behalf 1980 years ago and half a world away. It must be something that we can relate to.
So, what happened before Jesus said, "I thirst." He said, "My God, My God, why hast Thou foresaken me." Was this simply a line in a psalm or an authentic expression of His experience of our humanity in a way that the Godhead could not appreciate without the crucifixion? To answer that, we must look at what happened just prior. Jesus said, "Woman, hehold your son, John, behold your mother." At this instant, Jesus abandoned both his mission and his divine origins through Mary. He did not tell John to baptize all nations, he told John to take care of Mary. In dramatization, I would stage that with Mary withdrawing her gaze in grief - and no man can endure his own mother's tears if he is at all emotionally healthy.
I doubt such an understanding of the scriptures was possible before now. Indeed, it would have been suppressed if even proposed. It is very human and very inconvenient if you are promoting an angry God who must be placated by a bloody sacrifice, with personal salvation depending upon seeking the merits of that sacrifice through the offices of the Church (rather than through understanding that we can go to God because God has experienced our brokenness). That also changes how we think about morality. It must be for us, not for God. Our entire understanding of the natural order changes in this context, especially regarding who is "disordered," if that is even possible.


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