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Congress resisting calls to investigate Al Jazeera
'Let's put the evidence on the record' regarding network's work with terrorists
WASHINGTON – Congress is resisting calls to investigate Al Jazeera, which recently acquired Al Gore's Current TV, according to Cliff Kincaid, president of America's Survival.
"It seems logical that the House Homeland Security Committee would look at Al Jazeera as a possible Homeland Security threat, and yet a letter we sent to this committee on January 9 has yet to be received with an official response," Kincaid said.
He said a committee staffer called him but said arrogantly: 'We are not listening to you. You aren't going to drive our agenda.'"
Kincaid said if anyone doubts Al Jazeera should be investigated, "I say, let's have a congressional hearing."
"Let's put the evidence on the record to demonstrate how Al Jazeera works hand and glove with al-Qaida and other terrorist groups," he said.
Kincaid said his organization "simply wants Congress to do its job."
"Ever since Current TV and Al Jazeera made this deal, my group has simply said – let's investigate and see if the law is being followed, or if Al Jazeera is a terrorist organization."
Kincaid acknowledged the First Amendment protects foreigners from coming into the U.S. and voicing their opinions, "as long as those are done within the limits of the law."
"The problem with Al Jazeera is they are already evading current laws, and they qualify, in my opinion, as a global terrorist entity," he said.
He noted that Al Jazeera also has hired a public relations firm to speak on its behalf.
"DLA Piper is huge, global, multinational law firm that represented Al Jazeera in the purchase of Current TV from Al Gore," he said. "They will now go on Capitol Hill to sell this transaction behind the scenes and behind closed doors to soften up any opposition to this deal. They have all the money in the world from Qatar – which backs Al Jazeera – we simply say, 'give the American people the chance to see the inner-workings of this deal and have some oversight over this deal."
The move to hire the PR company came on the heels of a press conference held by America's Survival in Washington, D.C., that questioned why the U.S. government hasn't conducted a congressional investigation into Gore's sale of Current TV to the Middle East news organization.
"The Qatar regime advertises itself as 'America's Strongest Partner in the Gulf' but has supported terrorist groups such as al-Qaida, Hezbollah and Hamas," said Kincaid.
"Osama bin Laden aide and 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who is currently in U.S. custody in Guantanamo Bay for acts of terrorism, lived and worked in Qatar but was allowed to leave for Pakistan as U.S. authorities were trying to apprehend him, according to the report of the 9/11 commission," Kincaid said.
Anti-jihad blogger and activist Pamela Gellar, a WND columnist, and Jerry Kenney also spoke at the America's Survival press conference. Kenney discussed his filing of a complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice.
The complaint alleges Al Jazeera and Russia Today "represent foreign propaganda television networks, which are in violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act."
"They have not registered, as is required by law, and are not disclosing that their programs are distributed on behalf of a foreign government," the complaint states.
With the purchase of Current TV, Al Jazeera extended its reach in the American market to more than 40 million homes.
Former Vice President Al Gore, who stands to make $100 million in the $500 million sale, said in a statement that the Qatar-owned network shares the same mission as Current TV, which is "to give voice to those who are not typically heard; to speak truth to power; to provide independent and diverse points of view; and to tell the stories that no one else is telling."
Kincaid told WND, "In the United States, it is against the law to provide material support to terrorists, with 'material support' defined as including expert advice or assistance and communications equipment."
In World War II, he pointed out, Tokyo Rose and Axis Sally "broadcast their anti-American diatribes from overseas and were apprehended by U.S. authorities after the war and sent to prison for treason."
"In the more shocking Al Jazeera case, the U.S. is officially still at war with global terrorism, but Al Gore is giving the channel a base of operations on American soil with access to 40-50 million homes," Kincaid said.
See Kincaid's interview with WND, Part 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:


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Police said fans' behaviour at the match between bitter rivals Mansfield Town and Chesterfield meant the day passed off without incident.
Officers stepped up patrols to keep fans apart before and after the League Two fixture at the One Call Stadium, which eneded in a 0-0 draw.
Almost 1,500 Chesterfield fans made the short journey across the M1 for the game, but police said there had been no trouble after being contacted by Chad.

subset: commoncrawl


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Items where Research Group is "Oxford Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics" and Year is 1992
Group by: Creators | Item Type | No Grouping
Number of items: 4.
Chapman, S. J. and Howison, S. D. and Ockendon, J. R. (1992) Macroscopic models for superconductivity. SIAM Review, 34 (4). pp. 529-560. ISSN 0036-1445
Fowler, A. C. and Frigaard, I. and Howison, S. D. (1992) Temperature surges in current-limiting circuit devices. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 52 . pp. 998-1011.
Fowler, A. C. and Lisseter, P. E. (1992) Flooding and flow reversal in annular two-phase flows. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 52 . pp. 15-33.
Howison, Sam (1992) If I remember rightly, . Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, 19 (5). pp. 119-122.


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SparkEvents needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 111 designs submitted by 41 freelance designers.
I'm a full-time writer and parent launching an online news and community site with colleagues - Schoop (pronounced "scoop") to keep parents in the loop on education. Our logo will be the foundation of the brand's image, of course. Seeking a design that is memorable and fun. Our site name is a combination of "school" and "scoop" as "here's the scoop". We'll keep parents abreast of local, national and international education news as well as offer feature stories, columns and blogs. The culture of the site will be easy-going, but serious about keeping parents informed.
Our target audience are parents of school-aged children - pre-school thru college. They are people hungry for information about how to provide their kids the best education possible, how to save money on education products and services, how to interact with their local public and private schools, and how to handle learning-related issues their children experience.
I am not picky about the precise color, though something bold is preferred. I'd entertain a single-color logo or two-color logo. A bold, perhaps customized font would be nice. I encourage designers to use imagination with use of imagery related to education or the brand name Schoop (i.e., scoop of information). Imagery may be a part of the text - happy to consider any creative designs (i.e., play with look of the "o's" in Schoop).
Design must carry easily to Web, print, black/white or grayscale use.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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NPL provides this website on an 'as-is' basis without express or implied warranty of any kind. NPL does not guarantee the quality, performance, accuracy, or fitness for purpose of any part of the website or the contents thereof. Any use of the website and the contents shall be at the sole risk of the user.
Links to third party websites are provided solely for the convenience of the user and NPL does not accept any responsibility or liability for their operation or content.
NPL hereby rejects to the maximum extent permissible by law any and all liability arising from the use, or inability to use, any and all parts of the website and the contents thereof.
In the event that the foregoing disclaimer and exclusion of liability is held by a court of law to be ineffective, the maximum aggregated liability of NPL shall not exceed the sum of £1.00 (one pound sterling).
Please note that the information will not be divulged to third parties, or used without your permission


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The U.S. Postal Service, in its latest bid to save a few billion bucks, plans to stop delivering mail on Saturdays.
It's not enough.
The ugly truth is that the Postal Service's commitment to universal mail service is no longer financially viable in the age of email, text messages, Facebook and Twitter. As currently configured, it will never again be able to meet its legal obligation to pay its own way.
To survive, the Postal Service will need to reinvent itself for the digital age. I have a few ideas on how to do that, which I'll get back to in a moment.
First, let's look briefly at how we got into this mess.
A big part of the problem is a 2006 law requiring the Postal Service to pay about $5.5 billion a year into a health-benefit fund for retirees. No other government agency faces such a requirement.


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Velodrome needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 195 designs submitted by 44 freelance designers.
Velodrme is a young bicycle and wheel company that designs high end bicycle frames, wheels and parts from carbon fiber, outsources them from Taiwan and sells them online worldwide. The design is clean, and the graphics are subtle, using mainly plain white in an "Apple like" approach.
Our customer is an experienced cyclist who is looking for new, high performance products that will enhance his experience through quality and beauty. A fine design and clean, long lasting graphics attract him more than hype and futuristic trends. Our customer is likely to be attracted by companies such as Pinarello, Cervelo, Parlee and Zipp
CLEAN, visible, readable, respectable, Single color or no more than two.
Being a young company, it is important to bring the name to public's recognition so a shape only, (like chevrolet's cross) will not work.
As the logo will be required to be applied to products such as wheels, bicycle frames etc - it must be flexible enough to shape and size modification like, for example on a rim of a wheel, or even to be read from top to bottom without loosing efficiency.
the bikes will be painted white while the rims are carbon black.
Tag line: "The Techno-Logic Choice".
I NEED to see the logo (without the tagline) on an actual rim in order to better evaluate it. Thank you!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Dr. Manoj Khanna
Dr. Manoj Khanna is a well known Cosmetic, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeon based in Calcutta, India, with offices in New Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore, besides his office in UAE. He is a Board- certified plastic and cosmetic surgeon, practising at Kolkata, with the highest qualifications in Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery in the country. His qualifications are MBBS, MS, M.Ch (Plastic Surgery), DNB (Plastic Surgery), FICS (USA )& Fellowship (Cosmetic Surgery), (USA).He was the 'Visiting Professor in Cosmetic Surgery' for India for the year 2008, nominated by the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, the national body of Plastic Surgeons in India. He has been invited to give lectures and do workshops in various parts of India & abroad. He was invited to demonstrate the technique of Hair Transplant to the Baroda Association of Plastic Surgery (2001), Guwahati Medical College (2001), Cosmetic Surgery Clinic of Raipur (2002) Association of Plastic Surgery of West Bengal (2001) and Patna Medical College (2002).
He was awarded the First Prize for the Best Paper for his work on Hair transplant and liposuction at the 8th International Congress of Oriental society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery in Bali, Indonesia in Oct 2002. He has given talks on different aspects of cosmetic surgery at numerous international and national forums, including the World Congress of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) in Houston in 2004. He was invited as Faculty to the VIIIth European Society of Laser and Aesthetic Surgery (ESLAS) meeting at Athens, Greece in May 2007, where he gave lectures which were widely appeciated by delegates from all over the world. He was the only Indian delegate invited to present a paper at the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) meeting at Melbourne in Feb 2008. He was invited as Guest Faculty to the 'Aesthetic Asia' meeting in Singapore in September 2009 to give a talk on "Hair transplantation" and "MegaLiposuction".He was invited to give a key-note lecture on 'Striving for excellence in Hair Trnsplantation in India- Review of 1400 cases' in the 15th International conference of the International Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ( IPRAS) meeting in New Delhi in Nov 2009. He was invited to give talks and participate in meetings of "Asian Association of Hair Restoration Surgeons" in Bangkok in 2011, "International Society of Hair Restoration Surgeons" meeting in Alaska in 2011, and "Association of Hair Restoration Surgeons of India" in Mumbai in 2011. He was also invited as Faculty to give a talk on Hair transplant by the "Indian Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons" in their National conference in Kodaikanal in March 2012.
His achievements and involvement in this growing and vast field of Aesthetic Surgery is immense. He is highly experienced and trained under famous aesthetic surgeons at different well known cosmetic surgery centers in California, Chicago, New York, Miami, Detroit, London, Paris, etc. He is a member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ISAPS), life-member and Executive member of Indian Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (IAAPS), Life member of Association of Plastic Surgeons of India (APSI), life-member of Association of Surgeons of India (ASI), life-member of Indian Medical Association (IMA), and founder member of Asssociation of Hair Restoration Surgeons of India (AHRSI).
He was awarded the 'Swami Vivekanand National Award for Healthcare' for the year 2011 in New Delhi for his contribution to the practice and teaching of aesthetic surgery in India. He was awarded Mother Teresa International Award for Medical Sciences in january 2014 in Kolkata. His dedication in medical treatment an training young doctors fetched him the 'Rajiv Gandhi Excellence Award' in September 2014.
He was the President of the 'Association of Hair Restoration Surgery of India' in 2012. He was the President of the "Indian Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons" in 2016-17. He is currently the ISAPS National Secretary of India from 2015 to 2019.
He has completed more than 6000 cases of Hair Transplant or Hair replacement at the end of December 2017, i.e. hair restoration in bald individuals. He has designed a special instrument called the "Kolkata Slit" which is being patented and is very useful for Follicular Unit Hair Transplantation- both for FUE and FUT.
He has performed over 1300 cases of LIPOSUCTION or Suction-Assisted Lipectomy ( fat removal up to 6 liters or 10% of body weight in one sitting), liposculpture, Ultrasonic Liposuction, Body Contouring, body enhancement, body sculpting,including tummy tightening or tummytuck or abdominoplasty.
He also has done more than 1400 female breast surgery procedures or breast jobs, which include breast augmentation or enlargement or breast enhancement , boob-job , mammoplasty , mammaplasty using silicone gel-filled implants, Saline implants and Double lumen implants, Breast reduction, breast lift , mastopexy , breast tightening , breast elevation. He has reduced more than 700 cases of enlarged male breasts, known as gynecomastia or gynecomazia. He has also done more than 600 rhinoplasty or nose surgery operations, including dorsal augmentation, tip-plasty, hump correction, reduction rhinoplasty, Nose reshaping, , Septorhinoplasty, etc.
He also does other Cosmetic aesthetic surgery and Plastic surgery procedures regularly, like Facelift or Face lift to correct aging face, rhytidectomy, Wrinkle removal, Eyelid surgery or blepharoplasty, Eyelid Lift, Cheek implants, Chin implants, Chin augmentation, Chin reduction, Lip augmentation, Lip enlargement, Lip reduction, Fat injections, Collagen injections,Dermabrasion, Laser resurfacing, Facial Resurfacing, Laser removal of hairs, Laser removal of pigmentation including melasma, Chemical peel, glycolic acid peel and skincare using various Skincare Products, Skin Blemishes, anti-wrinkles, anti-aging,Treatment for Wrinkles, Hair removal, Tattoo removal, Birthmark removal, Endoscopic facelift, Endoscopic Cosmetic Surgery , Cosmetic tattooing, Permanent eye-liner, Breast reconstruction, Maxillofacial surgery, Facial Cosmetic Surgery, Nasal Refinement, Ear Pinning, Otoplasty, Scar Revision, Laser Surgery, Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, neck lift, facial rejuvenation, Ear reshaping, , scars, burns, deformities, skin cancer, make-up, Hypoallergenic, hydroxy acid products, Craniofacial Surgery, body improvement, Cosmetic trends, Dermatologic surgery, tissue expansion .
He has satisfied patients not only across the geographical boundaries of the country, but also abroad as well. His patients include many celebrities and film stars, cricketers and cricket commentators including ex-India criclet captains, and politicians. He regularly has patients coming to him from the USA, UK, Europe, Australia, Middle-East, besides patients from all over India. He has done cosmetic surgery procedures for patients from 61 countries and more than 121 cities across the world. He frequently has Doctor referral, Physician referral, surgeon referral from various sources, including TV Networks like NDTV 24x7. He has been invited as an expert on many panel discussions regarding Health, Womens Health beauty, etc. He has given numerous talk shows on various TV channels, including Doordarshan, Star TV, ATN, E-TV, Zee TV, NDTV, etc.
Dr. S. S. Chatterjee
Dr. S. S. Chatterjee did his MS and MCh in Plastic Surgery from the University of Calcutta. He also holds DNB(Plastic Surgery) and a PhD in Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery from Moscow. He was a Professor in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata till 2008. He took his Teacher's training from the National Teacher Training Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Benaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Many of his students are holding faculty posts in various institutions in different parts of the country.
He was the joint winner of the Best Paper Award in the 30th National Conference of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 1995, and also the winner of second prize for slides in the same meeting. He was the winner of the R. N. Sinha award for the best published paper in the Journal of Association of Plastic Surgeons of India entitled "Tolerance of ischemia by rat testes – an experimental study" – awarded in 1999. He was honoured to give the M. M. Mukherjee orator in National Conference APSICON in 2013.
He was the Ethicon Fellow in Microsurgery in 2001 and a Visiting Fellow in Institute for Craniofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Southfield, Michigan,USA in 2001
He was the President of Association of Plastic Surgeons of West Bengal in 2014, and is a member of the Editorial Board of Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery where he is a reviewer. He is the Director of Smile Train project in Seba Niketan Nursing Home in Kolkata. He has a number of published papers in both national and International indexed journals.
He was invited as faculty for hair transplant workshops at Baroda IN 2001, and at Patna Medical College IN 2002, and was an invited speaker on 'clefts' and 'rhinoplasty' in Chosun University, South Korea in 2006, National Conference in Hyderabad in 2006. He was Guest Faculty in workshop on clefts, flaps and rhinoplasty in Bankura Sammilani Medical College in 2006 and 2008, Guest faculty in Midnapur Medical College in 2007, Guest faculty workshop on cleft surgery in Nizam's Institute, Hyderabad in 2008, invited speaker and faculty in conference of Indian Orthopaedic Association and also West Bengal Orthopaedic Association in 2006 & 2007, invited speaker in Golden Jubilee celebration of Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata in 2007, invited speaker in Symposium and National Conference of Indian Association of Surgical Oncology, in 2008 & 2009, invited speaker in National Conference of Diabetic Foot Society of India, in 2008, delivered S. N. Sharma endowment lecture in 2010 in National Conference, invited faculty in flap dissection course in T.N. Medical College & Nair Hospital, Mumbai, in 2011 delivered founder's lecture in Annual Conference of Indian Society of cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies in 2013, Joint Director of AOCMF basic course in 2014 in Kolkata
Banner in IPL asking Harsha Bhogle to give his hair transplant surgeon's number to Danny Morrison.
Dr. Manoj Khanna as an hair expert of Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2012 beauties…
MON TO SAT - 10a.m. to 7p.m.(By appointment)
Phones: Clinic:(9133) 2282-9126 / 22828500 ;
Mobile with Whatsapp: 98300 85506
E -mail : firstname.lastname@example.com
Enhance Aesthetic & Cosmetic Studio Pvt Ltd
Delhi, Greater Kailas
E-84 Greater Kailash 1, New Delhi. Ph: (011)29234444.
SCO 310, 1st Floor, Sector 29, Gurgaon - 122002, Ph: 0124-4235201, 8826290517, 8826290527
101, 1st floor, Saffron Building, 346-A, Linking Road, Khar West,Mumbai 400052. Ph: (022)26464455/ 26462255


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Saturday, September 18, 2010
Wrestle Mania!
One thing I've learned about cats is, they love to act crazy in the night! As soon as I turn the lights off Lily starts tearing around the apartment like a maniac. We now have a ritual of wrestling at bedtime. I get her food out for the night, put down fresh water for her, turn out the lights and then we WRESTLE! She loves it! The plus side is it gets her tuckered out and ready to sleep the night through. My newest painting shows me and Lily doing our nightly wrestle. Below is a photo of Lily when she was just a kitten wrestling with a little pink purse toy I got her. :)
Wrestle Mania is up for grabs on ebay!
8 comments:
- Ayala Art said...
SO cute!
- September 19, 2010 at 1:07 AM
- Susan Faye said...
Kitty wrestling is so much fun as long as they obey the "no-claws" clause in the rule book!!! Such a happy painting!
- September 19, 2010 at 1:39 AM
Lovely painting!
- September 19, 2010 at 3:01 AM
- Jill said...
SO adorable! My 2 kitties like to place chase in our bedroom as soon as the lights are out. Never a dull moment!
- September 19, 2010 at 9:39 AM
- eyebeat said...
I haven't visited your blog in a long time. Did something happen to Opie?
- September 19, 2010 at 10:09 AM
- Sarah said...
You are such a good mama to your kitty! Lucky cat!
- September 19, 2010 at 1:05 PM
- Incipient Wings said...
she's precious! I love the way they look when they are engrossed in playing.
The painting is great.
have a good day.
- September 19, 2010 at 3:09 PM
- MissKoolAid said...
My Diesel is the same. Every night, she starts running and jumping all over the apartment when the lights get turned off.
- September 19, 2010 at 7:27 PM
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With the arrival of Robert S. McNamara as Secretary of Defense in January 1961, the nature and degree of civilian control changed dramatically. He expanded his staff with a cadre of bright young intellectuals. Micromanagement became the norm, with more control being usurped by the new incumbents. Initially, they were fascinated with the details of nuclear warfare plans and the Cold War. Then came the Vietnam War, and they were faced with the problem of stopping the advance of communism with the use of military force, many miles from the homeland. Often, results were questionable.
For example, an elaborate "electronic fence," based on the use of Navy sonobuoys for the detection of movement on the Vietcong logistic trails, received a tremendous amount of support but failed. 1 Further, naval leaders deliberately ignored at least one order from the civil authority for the use of naval air. They were certain it would fail and would result in unnecessary loss of life had the idea been implemented. 2
But some weapon systems were winners in the Vietnam War. The scope of the campaign provided opportunities and funding for development of several. The helicopter, for example, was introduced to combat during the Korean War but matured in Vietnam, particularly for the U.S. Army and Marine Corps. The B-52 strategic bomber, which just a few years before had been declared "off-limits" for conventional warfare, became a master in "iron bomb" missions and has continued to gain effectiveness in the conventional warfare mission, having become a significant element in the delivery of today's precision weapons.
One new tactic for naval warfare evolved in Vietnam from the need to protect the beleaguered South Vietnamese in the watery areas of the southern Mekong Delta. That requirement caused the creation of the "brown water" Navy, something quite foreign to the traditional "blue-water" forces. It centered around small 29-knot patrol boats (PBRs), "31-foot fiber-glass boats powered and steered by turnable water-jet nozzles. Their basic armament consisted of two .50-caliber guns, one M-60 machine gun, and a 40-mm grenade launcher." 3
They were high-speed, maneuverable, low-draft vessels, manned by a couple of commissioned officers and an enlisted crew. They were part of an organization designated as Task Force 116 (TF-116) and received air support from a small contingent of borrowed Army helicopters manned by Navy crews. By early 1966, this force consisted of 120 PBRs, supported by 20 large personnel craft, one amphibious transport (dock), and one landing ship tank (LST). 4 In a message to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the commander-in-chief of the Pacific Command (CinCPac) expressed his desire to increase the number of PBRs to at least 200, because the PBR/helo operations had "been effective in disrupting enemy control and use of major waterways in the Delta Region." 5 In the same message, however, CinCPac pointed out that the effectiveness could not be "optimized without a concomitant increase in number of helos." More close air support was needed.
The PBRs plied the inland waters of South Vietnam, protecting the local inhabitants who were under constant pressure from the Vietcong. They made some major contributions to the war. The tempo of their operations and effectiveness increased markedly in the late 1960s, when Admiral Elmo Zumwalt was promoted to three stars and sent to Vietnam to take command of all in-country naval forces. His aggressive inspirational leadership was reflected in the actions of this young brown-water Navy. It was an unusual role for blue-water sailors—and it was hazardous.
This new Navy needed close air support. The PBR crews soon knew their business, but as with any surface combat operation, air support was required for reconnaissance and firepower in a firefight. The Navy in Washington had not anticipated this air support requirement and the normal acquisition process for a suitable air-support vehicle would take a lot of time. Makeshift actions came into play. Some Huey helicopters were borrowed from the Army, which really had none to spare. Machine guns were anchored to the floor of the helos, and they became "gunships" manned by Navy crews. On 1 April 1967, the existing helo detachments in country were organized into Helicopter Attack (light) Squadron Three or HAL-3. 6 This squadron provided helicopter close air support to the boats. It was divided into nine detachments scattered throughout the delta. These detachments operated from five airfields and three specially configured LSTs. "A typical detachment consisted of two helicopters, a lieutenant commander as officer-in-command, with seven additional pilots, eight aircrewmen (door gunners), and an assortment of maintenance technicians." 7
No one had to view this operation very long to be aware of some of the deficiencies. The helos were old, with many maintenance problems. The high-temperature and -humidity operating conditions in the area made it difficult for the helos to realize their full payloads and lift potential. Further, rapid response depended on distance from the firefight area. Time on station was limited by the helos' fuel and payload status. Also, the noise of the helo was a dead giveaway to the enemy.
As the PBRs moved through the waters of the delta, they were often ambushed, needing air support immediately. That meant a call for helos from the nearest operating base. Sometimes the delays in response were frustrating. Even after arriving on station, the helos still lacked the firepower and time to provide the desired protection. Of greatest significance, however, was the lack of numbers. Helos were in great demand by both Army and Marine Corps forces. The shortage was real, and this new Navy mission did not generate enough priority to provide all the assets needed to support this rapidly expanding brown-water force. So the responsible authorities in the Pentagon searched for a quick solution—something as good as or better than the rotary wing helo, something that would meet the need, at least on an interim basis, until a more permanent solution could be implemented. Enter the Pilatus Porter fixed-wing aircraft.
The Pilatus Porter, which was designated initially as the OV-12A, originated in Switzerland, meeting a requirement for high-altitude mountain flying with a short take-off and landing (STOL) capability. It looked something like a junky Spirit of St. Louis; but looks can be deceptive. It was a high-wing monoplane with a wingspan of about 50 feet, length of 37 feet, and weight of 6,100 pounds (maximum gross). Armament could vary, but in later versions it consisted of one 20-mm side-firing Gatling cannon plus up to 1,925 pounds of external stores on five pylons—two on each wing and one on the center fuselage. It could carry a variety of ordnance, including forward firing gun pods, 500-pound and 250-pound bombs, napalm units, cluster bomb units, flares, rockets, smoke grenades, and propaganda leaflet dispensers. Various combinations of machine guns and ordnance were tested and proved feasible. A Garrett turboprop engine delivering 650 horsepower propelled the aircraft and it had a reversible propeller. Maximum speed was 148 knots at take-off power, range was more than 400 nautical miles, and endurance was almost five hours. With portable oxygen for the crew, it could go to high altitude. With its engine shut down, it could glide silently for long distances and was an excellent reconnaissance platform. It could carry at least six passengers or an equivalent number of troops with field gear. Medical evacuation capabilities were one litter patient, three ambulatory patients, and one medical attendant. 8
The reversible prop and relatively high power gave it the short landing capability. Immediately on touching the ground, or even a bit before, the prop could be reversed and the aircraft would come to a halt on the width of a normal runway. With the exceptional amount of power available, it could take off in short distances, again the width of a runway. Most appropriate for the brown-water Navy, the plane was a jewel on floats. The reversible prop provided what all floatplanes need: the ability to "back up." One could park the aircraft alongside a pier or small boat more easily than parallel parking a car in a crowded metropolis. Further, the procurement cost was relatively minor—less than $150,000 for a combat-ready airplane.
The Central Intelligence Agency already had procured some of the aircraft and was operating them in Vietnam as "Air America," with major support capabilities in Taiwan. This in-country operation could provide a major support capability if needed.
In the mid-1960s the U.S. Air Force became interested in the Porter. Two of the birds were configured with bomb stations and automatic weapons. Tests indicated that for certain missions, the plane could be a winner. Several Navy officials reasoned that, as an interim emergency measure, it could add much to the brown-water Navy. Its speed, endurance, payload, and ability to take damage compared to the helo made it a natural for air support of the PBR task force. On floats, it could remain with the boats at all times. They did not have to be based at some shore facility several miles away, but could remain physically with the boats serving as an integral part of the fire fighting team. When missions were conducted, the birds could take off with the PBRs and remain with them from start to finish of a mission, providing reconnaissance and fire support as needed. It could be close air support at its ultimate best—control in the hands of the customer, with instant and constant availability.
As one experienced helo pilot and Navy Cross awardee in HAL-3 commented: "I would have given my eye-teeth to have had a fixed wing float/land capable machine to cover brown-water operations. To have had the Pilatus Porter would have reduced maintenance man-hours over rotary-wing aircraft, permitted more time on patrol/station and with the payload capability, we could have blown the socks off any enemy. And we haven't even touched on beans/bullets/mail/ and passenger movements that would have boosted morale greatly throughout the TF-116 operations theater." 9
So the Navy moved out smartly. Several leaders tested the aircraft, on both wheels and floats. Then-Lieutenant Colonel Robert Purcell, a combat-experienced Marine officer, was assigned as program coordinator. Purcell had been an enlisted Marine with infantry combat experience in the Korean War before he ever entered flight training with the rank of captain. His qualifications for his assignment are reflected in his combat awards, which include 2 Distinguished Flying Crosses, the Silver Star, a Bronze Star, 2 Purple Hearts, 28 Air Medals, and unit commendations. He was not particularly happy with being assigned to the Pentagon, duty often viewed as drudgery—a necessary experience for career advancement but not much fun. It was the fall of 1967 and he took action to clear all the procurement wickets in the Department of Defense, with a deployment date set for the spring of 1968. Initial support for the idea was almost unbelievably positive.
Next came the congressional wicket, with the need to gain authority for funding and procurement on a sole source basis, which meant no competition and no delays. The aircraft was in production, and several were available "off the shelf" on the parking ramp at Fairchild Aircraft north of Baltimore, Maryland. All that was needed was the modification to incorporate the armament features, and the bird would be on its way to a combat role. Deployment could be started in about 100 days from the word "go." The initial program, approved by the Office of the Secretary of Defense and with Congressional support, was for procurement of 19 aircraft at a cost of $3 million. Support funds would come from the regular operating budget allocation.
Recognizing the urgent need and the wisdom of the proposal, congressional staffs were supportive of the sole source authority, a major milestone for prompt action. Everyone seemed to recognize the need and the value of the Porter in answering the call for close air support of the brown-water Navy, at least as an interim measure.
The Navy identified the commanding officer of the first unit, modifying his career pattern to take on this new challenge, something about which he became very excited. Then-Commander Jack French was an outstanding officer, commanding a propeller attack squadron. He knew about props, bombs, close air support, and staying on station. He was beginning to finger some pilots to join in the fun. "We got the word of the Pilatus Porter, and there were 13 airframes in Hagerstown, Maryland. We . . . were to proceed with six of my pilots and transition accordingly—out of the parking lot. Very exciting." 10 It looked like a winner.
This was not a major expensive procurement of a high-tech, exotic fighter or bomber. It was a program that had so many obvious benefits, all involved felt good, especially since the cost was relatively minor. It was a great way to get "more bang for the buck." And then, the bubble burst. Suddenly, the program was dead.
The Navy/Marine Corps officers involved in implementing the acquisition program found that all support in the Office of the Secretary of Defense had evaporated. The non-competitive program came to a screeching halt under orders from Secretary McNamara, the highest civil authority in the Pentagon. Subsequent research of the files revealed that he had received to pressure from a former associate, Lynn Bollinger, who headed the Helio Aircraft Corporation, which produced a light liaison aircraft for the Air Force. Bollinger wrote a simple "Dear Bob" letter to McNamara protesting the non-competitive aspects, contending that he had a plane under development that could do the job, and wanted support. 11 As for his development aircraft, Lieutenant Colonel Purcell went to the trouble of flying the Helio aircraft and found it completely unacceptable, a "dog" in the vernacular of combat pilots. When contacted, the former Secretary said that he did not recall the incident although he did vaguely remember meeting someone named Bollinger at Harvard in the early 1940s. He expressed doubt that such a small program would have risen to his level for a decision unless it involved some widening of the war. This one did not.
Bollinger's actions also involved traditional lobbying with Congress, and he was effective, convincing at least one congressman to question the non-competitive procurement action officially. Bollinger kept Secretary McNamara informed of his actions by phone. 12 Obviously, he reasoned that if the Navy procured the Pilatus Porter, even as an interim emergency measure, his own aircraft program would be in jeopardy for future orders. This probably was correct. He took advantage of his personal association with the Secretary of Defense to try to kill the competition, and he was successful. The official demise came in a memo to the Secretary of the Navy from the Secretary of Defense on 20 December 1967, when the sole source procurement action was terminated. 13
The Joint Chiefs of Staff continued to support the program and tried to keep it alive with a recommendation to the Secretary of Defense in early February 1968 that he "approve sole-source procurement to permit the fastest possible deployment of the OV-12A to SVN [South Vietnam] for support of Game Warden" (the brown-water Navy). 14 But sole source was denied again, and the program was dead.
Understandably, Lieutenant Colonel Purcell was perturbed. The cancellation action contributed to his early voluntary retirement from active duty, in spite of the fact that he was about to be selected for promotion to the rank of colonel. Captain Jack French, the prospective commanding officer of the planned squadron, missed out on an assignment that would have kept his career moving forward, as he eagerly anticipated command of this special unit that many believed would have made major contributions to this new kind of naval warfare. Ironically, following retirement, he spent quite a bit of time flying floatplanes in the Alaskan theater. But those were minor considerations. The real issue was the loss of a significant war-fighting capability for the PBR task force when it was desperately needed. The entire brown-water Navy lost more than 2,500 men during the Vietnam campaign. How many lives might have been saved with the implementation of this program action? To quote one leader of the brown-water Navy who commanded a Task Group in the latter phases of the war, "To think of how many of these young warriors could have been spared if we would have had fixed wing assets two years earlier just blows my mind!" 15
The late Admiral Thomas Moorer was the Chief of Naval Operations at the time. A hallmark of his career was his intense concern about "his crew." He preached that with authority comes responsibility and the first responsibility of one with authority is to "take care of your crew." He knew about the Pilatus Porter program and when it was cancelled, he sent for Lieutenant Colonel Purcell, asking for a detailed debrief of the case. Then he asked for a written report, to be delivered directly to him, not through any chain of command. The report was delivered as ordered. On 21 March 1968, Admiral Moorer sent a memorandum to Secretary of the Navy Paul Nitze, appealing the case and recommending procurement of the OV-12A. 16 Admiral Moorer was the highest military authority in the Navy, destined to become the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and yet he could not reverse the combined action of the civil authority in the executive and legislative branches of the government for an interim emergency procurement requiring an outlay of $3 million. It is a sad chapter in the civil/military authority history of our armed services, particularly when compared to the authority vested in Admiral Ernest King during World War II.
Facing the denial for sole-source procurement, the Navy struggled on with its existing helo assets. Eventually, a larger fixed-wing close-support aircraft, the OV-10 Bronco, arrived on the scene, but long after the Pilatus Porter opportunity had been negated.
In spring 1972, almost five years after the emergency had come and gone, the Air Force completed a competitive evaluation of the Porter, then termed the Fairchild AU-23A "Peacemaker" and the Helio Aircraft's AU-24A "Stallion." Both aircraft were rejected because they did not meet the needs of the Air Force, which were certainly different from those of the brown-water Navy. Eventually, the few military Peacemakers acquired for test and evaluation went to Thailand under the Military Assistant Program, for use in border surveillance and counter infiltration roles. The Stallions went to Cambodia for a similar mission. 17 The Porter remains in production, with many in service around the world performing a multitude of missions. 18
There are still naval persons alive who will never forgive the civil authority for the cancellation of this program. It did not improve the relations between some naval aviation leaders and the civil authority in the Pentagon. But even so, those leaders would undoubtedly fight to preserve the traditional civil authority concept. After all, not all members of the civil authority in the Pentagon and the Congress have turned their backs on military judgment, especially in time of war.
Vice Admiral Miller, a frequent contributor to U.S. Naval Institute publications, was involved with naval aviation requirements for six years during the Vietnam War.
1. Robert S. Greeley, "Stringing the McNamara Line," Naval History , August 1997, p. 60. back to article
2. Project Trim: the coupling of an experimental target detection system with the aging Lockheed P2V Neptune aircraft. back to article
3. Cdr. David G. Tyler, USNR, "Seawolves Roll in across the Mekong Delta," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings , January 2002, p. 46. back to article
4. Tyler, "Seawolves . . . ," p. 47. back to article
5. CinCPac Message 022329Z to the JCS dated 2 December 1967. back to article
6. Tyler, "Seawolves . . . ," p. 47. back to article
7. Tyler, "Seawolves . . . ," p. 47. back to article
8. U.S. Air Force Museum Internet Web site: http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/attack/attack/a6/a6-41.htm . back to article
9. E-mail to author from Capt. Allen Weseleskey, USN (Ret.), dated 3/16/03. back to article
10. E-mail to author from Capt. Jack French, USN (Ret.), dated 1/14/03. back to article
11. "Personal" letter from Lynn Bollinger, Chairman of the Helio Aircraft Corporation, to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, dated 6 December 1967. back to article
12. Memo of 15 December 1967 by Mr. Lynn Bollinger to "Bob," (McNamara) referring to "our telephone discussion this evening." back to article
13. Secretary of Defense McNamara Memorandum for the Secretary of the Navy, dated 20 December 1967. back to article
14. Memorandum JCSM-79-68 of 2/3/68 from the JCS to the Secretary of Defense. back to article
15. E-mail to author from Capt. Jerry Wages, USN (Ret.), dated 3/21/03. back to article
16. CNO Memorandum to the Secretary of the Navy, dated 3/21/68. back to article
17. U.S. Air Force Museum Internet Web site: http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/research/attack/attack/a6/a6-41.htm . back to article
18. Internet search "Google," then "Pilatus Porter" for a review of current status. back to article


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During this immersive virtual field trip to the Grand Canyon, learners investigate geologic records to discover what the rocks reveal about life and environments of the past. They will then apply those same investigative techniques to the search for... (View More) life in the solar system. Educator resources include a 5E instructional lesson and alignments with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS); the NRC Framework for K-12 Science Education; Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts; and A Framework for 21st Century Learning. This resource is part of the Infiniscope space exploration experiences. (View Less)
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This is a lesson about the effects of large impacts. Learners will use critical thinking skills to evaluate and apply data from a narrative to a scientific selection process, will demonstrate or visualize simulations of some of the effects of a huge... (View More) impact, and will write a point of view narrative. Materials and vocabulary lists, and advanced preparation and procedural tips are included. This is lesson 14 of 19 in Exploring Meteorite Mysteries. (View Less)
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Jo Tuckman, The Guardian:
A preliminary investigation by Mexico City's human rights commission has found evidence of police brutality and arbitrary detentions during the violent protests during last Saturday's [Dec. 1] inauguration of President Enrique Peña Nieto.
The ongoing investigation has identified at least four cases of possible torture, three of them involving electric shocks, as well as 22 cases of unjustified arrests among the 70 people still in jail in relation to the protests. Many of these face a preliminary charge of "attacks against the public peace", which carries a long prison term.
Rich Grabner of Mexfiles has some comment on whether the violence was instigated by radicals within the movement or by provocateurs. He links to a report in SDPNoticias in which it is alleged that people were paid to cause trouble. They sure didn't get paid a lot to get their heads broken.
El Universal is hyping damages which amount to spraypainting sculptures. Yes, it may have cost 240 million pesos to restore the Hemiciclo a Juarez and the Alameda, but they weren't exactly reduced to rubble.
Sorry about the delay in reporting this.


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Hale, Lewis And Team Tied For Second At EKU Tournament
RICHMOND, Ky. _ Lipscomb's Cody Hale and Taylor Lewis are both tied for second after two rounds of the Eastern Kentucky Colonel Classic at the Arlington Golf Club Friday.
The Bisons are also tied for second as a team behind host Eastern Kentucky with a second-round 278 for a two-day total of 564. The Bisons are two strokes off the pace. They are 12-under for two rounds, which golf coach Ralph Samples says is a school record.
Hale shot a second round 67. Lewis shot a 68. Hale and Lewis both have two-day totals of 138.
Parker Beck is tied for 14th with a two-day 142 (70-72). Justin Perry is tied for 27th with a 146 (73-73). Paul Warren was tied for 35th (73-75) with a 148.


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Liliam M. López is a co-founder of the South Florida Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (SFLHCC) in 1994 and the South Florida Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Foundation serving as President/CEO of both organizations. She is former Executive Director of the Spanish American League Against Discrimination (SALAD) and is a motivational speaker for several organizations, including the Federal Women's Program of the U.S. Department of Justice. She delivered the Keynote address for Miami Dade College's Hialeah Campus Commencement of 2009 and delivered the Alumni Pledge of St. Thomas University's 2011 Commencement of May, 2011. Through the South Florida Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Foundation, over $330,000 have been awarded in scholarships to financially disadvantaged Hispanic students. Ms. López was recently invited to the White House to participate in a private roundtable discussion together with 12 community leaders of South Florida with the President of the U.S., the Honorable Barack Obama. She was also one of 150 national leaders invited to a White House conference on Hispanic Policy on July, 2011.
López currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Alliance for Aging. She also serves in Florida International University's President's Council She served on the Entrepreneurial Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta's Regional Economic Information Network (REIN) for the period 2008-2010, the Board of the Miami Jewish Health Systems, and the Working Solutions Program for Displaced Homemakers of Miami Dade College. She also served as the chairman of the Hispanic Affairs Committee of the City of Miami Beach as well as on the Board of Directors of WLRN Public Radio and Television from 2005-2009. She served in the State of Florida's Small Business Advisory Board for former U.S. Senator (FL) George Lemieux, among many other boards.
Liliam M. López graduated from St. Thomas University with a Bachelor of Arts and major in Political Science in 1988.
Liliam M. López has received numerous awards including the City Keys to the City of Miami Beach presented by the Honorable Mayor David Dermer on June 20, 2002. Recently Lopez was included in Women of Wealth (WOW) Magazine as one of the 90 most influential leaders and mentors of the U.S. Other awards received by Lopez include: The Broward County Women of Distinction Award, 2012; the St. Thomas University's Alumni Global Entrepreneur Award (2010); 2010 Women Extraordinaire presented by South Florida Business Leader; 2008 Induction to Miami Dade College's Hall of Fame; the 2007 Miguel Cervantes Award presented by Nova Southeastern University; the 2006 March of Dimes Award in the Education and Training Category; "2003 Business Woman of the Year Award" CEO non-profit category presented by the "South Florida Business Journal;" "In the Company of Women" award presented by the Miami-Dade Parks and Recreation Department on March, 2003; The 2003 Hispanic Leadership Award from City of Miami Beach; "Women Worth Knowing" award presented by the Commission on the Status of Women of the City of Miami Beach in March, 1998; and the"1997 Women Leading the Way Award" from the New Women Entrepreneur Center. On March 25, 1998 former Miami Beach Mayor Neisen Kasdin presented a proclamation to Lopez declaring March 25, 1998, "Liliam M. Lopez day in the City of Miami Beach; Former Metro Miami Magazine included Ms. Lopez as one of the 101 most influential women of Miami-Dade County in the year 2000. Ms. Lopez was "Nuestro Orgullo" of WLTV, (UNIVISION) Channel 23 on January 19, 1996. Lopez has been featured four times in the cover of "Domingo Social" of El Nuevo Herald and was recognized by the Sun Post newspaper as the "Best Local Representative of the Hispanic community and featured as one of the 50 most influential people in the City of Miami Beach. "In Focus Interactive" Magazine featured Lopez in the cover of their June, 2002 issue. Lopez was featured in the cover of the Miami Today newspaper on June 6, 2002 as "The Achiever." Lopez was featured in NBC/Telemundo during Hispanic Heritage Month as one of four Miami-Dade County leaders in the television segment "Chevron Presents 2004 Hispanic Heritage Heroes."
Liliam M. López is married to architect and urban planner, Alfredo C. Sánchez. Sanchez is a partner in the firm, Bermello, Ajamil and Partners. They have a 12-year old daughter, Lillian Karina Sánchez


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A Kentucky-Montana Consortium
One of the greatest environmental and economic challenges we face this century is to ensure an adequate, high-quality water supply for human use while maintaining the integrity of ecosystems. While humans can survive without petroleum, they can't survive without water [Dr. Arden L. Bement. Jr., Director, National Science Foundation, 2008].
A collaborative project between Kentucky and Montana, and partners from industry and the public sector, that will develop integrated water quality sensors and an ecological informatics system by creating an updated cyberinfrastructure* has been funded by the National Science Foundation. The consortium is composed of faculty, scientists and students at Hancock Biological Station (KY), Flathead Lake Biological Station (MT), the University of Kentucky, the University of Louisville, Murray State University, Eastern Kentucky University, the University of Montana, and Montana State University. The total effort, denoted as the Virtual Observatory and Ecological Information System (VOEIS), will provide a resource to enhance the environmental expertise in both states and serve as a "test-bed" for similar approaches to be used by other states across the nation.
The consortium team includes two of the most successful biological field stations in the country with a history of 25 years of collaborations; Hancock Biological Station on Kentucky Lake (Dr. David White, Director) and Flathead Lake Biological Station in northwest Montana (Dr. Jack Stanford, Director). Both biological stations have established and presently maintain very active freshwater and ecological research and monitoring programs. Kentucky Lake is the largest man-made lake in the eastern US, and Flathead Lake is the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi. The stations have operated in very similar fashion for 30+ years to collect and analyze data on these large, complex river-lake ecosystems and boast aquatic databases that are among the most comprehensive worldwide. Their respective faculties and staff will draw on their extensive long-term experience in deploying and maintaining field sensors and large field-originated data bases as the stations will serve as the primary field-hubs for sensor deployment.
The information system developed through this project will be designed to manage vast amounts of historical data, as well as new data generated by lake and stream sensor networks. Data will be analyzed through collaboration with software experts at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in Urbana-Champaign, IL, that has been designated by NSF as one of the most powerful supercomputing resources in the US. Cisco Systems, Inc., specialists in network equipment and management, will contribute router development and resources. Sensors to be installed in Kentucky Lake and Flathead Lake (MT) will include common water quality components such as temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, types and amounts of algae, etc.. Ecological models of hydrologic routing, deep currents in lakes, and biological models developed independently at the two biological stations will be refined through application of the field sensors streaming data to the laboratories. Visualization of these data will be led jointly between NCSA and the Kentucky Center for Visualization and Virtual Environments. Data from both lakes will be used to develop graphical and 3-D visualization applications through NCSA. New types of sensors will be developed by researchers from UK and U of L, some of which also will be deployed in eastern Kentucky streams by Eastern Kentucky University, and at other Montana sites by Montana State University.
Using comparisons between Kentucky Lake and Flathead Lake will begin to provide answers to three basic questions. First, what are the trends in key climate factors (temperature, precipitation, snow dynamics), which attributes of human demography and land use correlate with changing climate patterns, and can we model these interactions to examine alternative scenarios to help people adapt to environmental changes? Second, what are the individual and interactive effects of climate variability and land use on stream flow (volume, flooding frequency) and water quality (clarity, pollutants, biodiversity)? Third, how resilient are KY/MT lakes and rivers to climate and land use change, and what are the vital signs that forecast economic decline and stagnation, i.e., how can we best use these large lakes as environmental sensors locally and nationally?
The cyberinfrastructure plan further will serve the ecological research communities of our regions, enhance the undergraduate and graduate educational curricula and research experiences at the participating universities, facilitate outreach to underserved and underrepresented members of society, provide relevant and contemporary ecological K-12 education, and offer web-based engagement with public interest groups. Training of students in the use of the cyberinfrastructure will be an important part of this project and will develop local expertise in sensor development, deployment and simulation. Undergraduate curricula in aquatic ecology will be designed and tested in Montana and Kentucky universities. A special effort will be made to include students from underrepresented groups (e.g., economically disadvantaged students from the Appalachian counties of Kentucky and students at the seven Tribal Colleges in Montana). Interaction with the public and K-12 students will be channeled through the outreach programs at the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWRRI) and the Montana Water Center (MWC), which are both part of the national network of water centers. This will raise the awareness of how human activities impact the environment. There can be no more important educational activity than to make the public appreciate the trade-offs which must be faced in the near future, as embodied in the statement at the top of this summary.
The collaboration between Kentucky and Montana will form an information and education network that will be extremely useful in exploring fundamental questions in environmental science, including the effects of climate change and human activities on water resources and the resilience of the nation's water resources. More information can be found at www.murraystate.edu/qacd/cos/hbs/VOEIS.
*The term "cyberinfrastructure" describes the new research environments that support advanced data acquisition, data storage, data management, data integration, data mining, data visualization and other computing and information processing services over the Internet.


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Sherrie L. Lyons, "Thomas Huxley: Fossils,
Persistence, and the Argument from Design," Journal of
the History of Biology 26 (1993): pp. 545-569.
Sherrie L. Lyons, "The Origins of T.H. Huxley's Saltationism: History in Darwin's Shadow," Journal of the History of Biology 28 (1995): pp. 463-494.
Since completing her doctorate on T.H. Huxley with historian Robert Richards at the University of Chicago, scholar Sherrie Lyons has been mapping out in fine detail the geography of Huxley's deep uncertainty about many of the tenets of Darwinism. As an anatomist interested in what he called the "architectural and engineering part of the business" of natural history, Huxley perceived the animal world as being divided into fundamental types, and thus, Lyons writes, "Huxley found that his own work confirmed the lack of transitional forms between major groups" (1995, 471). Yet Huxley was also a materialist who wished to explain the origins of organisms by naturalistic descent. "If he were to accept a theory of transmutation," Lyons observes, "he had somehow to reconcile the two ideas: interrelatedness vs. the absence of transitional forms." Huxley found his answer in the possiblity of "saltational" evolution. "Saltation allowed Huxley to explain the gaps in the fossil record, accept evolution, and, most importantly, maintain a belief in the concept of type" (1995, 492). Huxley was unpersuaded by Darwin's arguments explaining away the missing fossils. In a wry metaphor cited by Lyons, Huxley compared the evidence a scientific theory must provide to the title-deeds for an estate:
If a landed proprietor is asked to produce the title-deeds of his estate, and is obliged to reply that some of them were destroyed in a fire a century ago, and that some were carried off by a dishonest attorney; and that the rest are in a safe somewhere, but that he really cannot lay his hands upon them; he cannot I think, feel pleasantly secure, though all his allegations may be correct and his ownership indisputable.
Huxley later moderated his saltationist views as fossil discoveries appeared to confirm Darwin's gradualistic arguments, although he never warmed to natural selection. But saltation, Lyons argues, provided him with the means to accept evolution in the face of missing evidence. Saltation was, for Huxley, a deduction from naturalism--"a logical development," he said, "of Uniformitarianism" and provided, at least for a time, the only alternative to creation. "The hypothesis of evolution," Huxley said in an American lecture, "supposes that in all this vast progression there would be no breach of continuity, no point at which we could say 'This is a natural process,' and 'This is not a natural process.'" Huxley had come to see this as a necessary deduction from his definition of science: naturalism.
Robert E. Simmons and Lue Scheepers, "Winning by a Neck: Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Giraffe," The American Naturalist 148 (1996): pp. 771-786.
Recently, in one of his periodic bouts of debunking, Stephen Jay Gould examined the standard textbook story of the evolution of the giraffe's long neck ("The Tallest Tale," Natural History, May 1996, pp. 18-27). Despite its status as a chestnut of evolutionary lore, Gould argues, the standard story--the giraffe evolved its long neck in competition to reach scarce foliage high in trees--is supported by no evidence. And "when we turn to giraffes themselves," he continued, "we encounter the final irony of this long story. Giraffes provide no established evidence whatsoever for the mode of evolution of their undeniably useful necks" (26). Any of several current functions of the neck might explain its origin, he concludes, although the bottom line must be that we simply do not know. "In short, we have no basis for any firm assertion about the most famous inquiry among Darwinian just-so stories: how did the giraffe get its long neck?" (27).
In their article, "Winning by a Neck," zoologists Robert Simmons (Uppsala University) and Lue Scheepers (Ministry of Environment, Namibia) agree with Gould that the standard account "may be no more than a tall story" (784). According to the competition hypothesis, giraffes use their long necks to advantage during dry seasons, when food is scarce; but, in fact, the opposite is observed in the field. "In the Serengeti," Simmons and Scheepers note, "giraffe spend almost all of the dry season feeding from low Grewia bushes, while only in the wet season do they turn to tall Acacia tortillis trees, when new leaves are ...plentiful ...and no competition is expected. This behavior is contrary to the prediction that giraffe should use their feeding height to advantage at times of food scarcity" (775; emphasis added). Moreover, they report, "females spend over 50% of their time feeding with their necks horizontal [a behavior so common it is used to determine the sex of animals at a distance]" and "both sexes feed faster and most often with their necks bent" (771). These observations, they conclude, suggest "that long necks did not evolve specifically for feeding at higher levels."
Simmons and Scheepers thus reject the competition hypothesis in favor of their own sexual selection scenario. Male giraffes "fight for dominance and access to females in a unique way: by clubbing opponents with well-armored heads on long necks" (771), and thus "the extraordinary length of the giraffe's neck arises from its use as a weapon during intrasexual combat" between males. Responding to the obvious objection that this scenario does not explain female long necks, Simmons and Scheepers suggest that female necks "arose as neutral by-products of genetic correlation between the sexes" (783). While allowing that this by-product explanation "is often treated as one of 'last resort' and unsatisfactory," they argue that other species exhibit similar correlations between sexes.
Here is a nicely heretical idea to toss into the pot. Perhaps male and female giraffes have always existed with long necks--we told you it was heretical!--and they use their long necks to feed and fight, because those remarkable structures were originally available to be used. The structure is given by design; its uses follow. We leave it to your imagination to pose tests for this hypothesis. (No, we won't make the challenge easy by telling you our ideas for testing...)
L.A. Callender, "Gregor Mendel: An Opponent
of Descent with Modification," History of Science
26 (1988): pp. 41-75.
B.E. Bishop, "Mendel's Opposition to Evolution and to Darwin," Journal of Heredity 87 (1996): pp. 205-213.
According to standard histories of biology, Gregor Mendel fully supported not only the theory of common descent, but Darwinism as well. Yet, Callender and Bishop argue, a close examination of Mendel's experiments, his correspondence, and his general circumstances as an orthodox member of his monastic community jointly support a completely different reading. "Mendel was an opponent of the fundamental principle of evolution itself," argues Callender (1988, 41), "--that is to say, of "descent with modification"--and it is a striking fact that the multitude of commentators who have so consistently held that Mendel was in essential agreement with the theory of evolution has singularly failed to demonstrate in his theory of heredity any mechanism by which descent with modification might have come about." Bishop stresses that Mendel's paper shows that "he was familiar with The Origin of Species ...and he was opposed to Darwin's theory; Darwin was arguing for descent with modification through natural selection, Mendel was in favor of the orthodox doctrine of special creation."
Copyright © 1997 Paul Nelson. All rights
reserved. International copyright secured.
File Date: 5.1.97


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Manual For Nokia 2600c-2
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text:
Bear with me, I'm going to tell a brief story.
Once upon a time there was a poor college student. Let's call her Wachel. Wachel was lucky enough to land a full-time, paid design internship in the great city of Des Moines. She was thrilled. Of course, this internship meant that Wachel now had to pay for her own rent, utilities, food, gas and clothing. This left Wachel with very little money.
But she took the internship, arriving each morning at 8 a.m. with a computer bag over her shoulder and a sack lunch in her hand. And each day at noon, she would enjoy a Lean Cuisine or chicken sandwich. Still, Wachel longed for a day when she could afford one of the magnificent restaurants surrounding her office.


text:
Light & Motion Taz 1200
Light & Motion's Taz 1200 is the all-in-one handlebar light that outshines many car headlamps and fits in the palm of your hand. Perfect for the most technical singletrack or critical commute where Lumen output is a priority.
- 1200 Lumen output certified to the FL-1 Standard
- Engineered with a 3 LED array using the highest level CREE LEDs.
- Sealed, waterproof design – up to 1m.
- Custom engineered reflector/optics diffuses the bottom LED to cover an ultra-wide spread down in front and focuses the top two LEDs to penetrate the darkness with a far-reaching beam, without wasting any light.
- Beam pattern was engineered to maximize visibility at high velocity with ample beam distance lead-time and the widest beam angle for the sharpest turns.
- Side lighting to maximize visibility on roadways with a dedicated button to toggle the side lights on/off.
- Secondary Race Mode simplifies your settings to switch between high power with 2 hours run time and low power with 4 hours.
- Accurate battery status indication illuminates the power button with three different colors to clearly display remaining battery life with 4 levels.
- Universal tool-free mounting system.
- Ultralight aluminum heat sink with tapered fin design.
- Micro-USB Rechargeable
- Charge rate indicator illuminates the power button with three colors to display speed of charge.
- Low battery warning and auto shut-off to prevent damage.
- Multiple power settings with cruise and secondary race mode
Run time/Lumens:
- High 1:30 / 1200
- Med 3:00 / 600
- Low 6:00 / 300
- Pulse 9:00 / 300
- Flash 18:00 / 300
- Race High 2:00 / 1000
- Race Low 4:00 / 450
Weight: 216 grams
Part Numbers
|Store SKU
|Black Raven
Read 2 ReviewsWrite a Review
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
- Bright, great battery life, easy-on/easy-off
- Great visibility
- Low battery indicator
- Rechargable
- Hard to dim in a hurry without dipping the light
Best Uses
- Front headlight
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
- Bright, great battery life, easy-on/easy-off
- Hard to dim in a hurry without dipping the light
Best Uses
I use this light all the time at the Campbell Courtney Causeway late at night. even at 20-23MPH, I don't over-ride my beam! If I want to extend the battery, I simply put it on flashing mode, which still gives me plenty of light without blinding someone coming the other way before I can dim the light. Best and brightest light I've ever used. Perhaps the best feature is the 5-seconds on and off with the heavy-duty rubber stretch-band that secures the light to the handlebar. A helmet adapter would make this light even better but there wasn't one when I bought it.
- Rechargable
- Low battery indicator
- Great visibility
Best Uses
- Front headlight
Bought this to help with daily commutes in and around Norwood - usually early mornigs and back home at dusk or later. Very easy to use and charging is great off the USB. Battery life on "flash" mode is realistically 90 minutes before you start to get a warning - but with the battery save tecnology, you can continue to use at near full brightness for at least another 60 minutes. The beam is well focused and provides good to very good illumination up to about 15 miles an hour. Higher than that I find that I can start to out ride the beam - a little. Overall, very pleased and plan to buy a couple more as gifts in the Spring for close friends.


text:
Eric Rolseth necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 321 diseños de 91 diseñadores freelance.
Astonia Co. (With the tag-line "Stone Artisans" incorporated somehow)
Astonia Co. is the product of 2 merged granite countertop businesses.
Combined as Astonia we are preparing to make an epic push to capture new customers. We will be doing tons of marketing and need a lot of support materials to do that.I need your talents now and in the future!
My company produces granite countertops. I take a lot of pride in customer service and I'm not just saying that. My customers are important to me and I tell them that. I'm not the cheapest provider out there, but I'm not the most expensive either.
My company is filled with talented Artisans. People who are allowed to use their abilities to augment the natural beauty of stone.
I am growing into new areas and store locations and want to update all of my marketing materials to reflect the level of excellence we provide with our products.
I want this logo to be part of the story I tell and sell. This is important! I want it to look like something made by an artist. An artisan. I hope, by you!
Customers range from middle class to wealthy. Ages range from 25-75 and their taste range is just as broad.
Most are doing a kitchen product that they've dreamed about their whole lives. Very few are getting granite for the second time.
Most have some fear. This is the biggest obstacle I have to overcome. People are afraid of getting screwed. My first goal with a customer is to find their needs and build trust.
All are looking for something special. Even if they can't afford it.
I strongly dislike customers who are only concerned with price. They pay NO attention to any detail other than $$. My customers are concerned about the details like design, cleanliness, material quality, installation quality and interactions with skilled professionals.
My customers pursue excellence and tend to be driven. Some are even just trying to keep up with what someone else has. I don't agree with that, but I'm here to meet their needs. I'll provide something special.
Nothing Cheap. No cartoons, or anything gimicky.
Detail is good, but not foo foo fancy.
If it's something old world or "Italian themed", that's fine, but it needs to appear fresh somehow. Possibly because of graphics, or details.? I'll be ready to give input when I like something, or even when I don't.
I don't want to be vague, but I'm open to your ideas and creativity. I'd like to see what you come up with for this first project and as I said, I'll give quick feedback and learn better what to share in the future.
I'm looking for branding, but also a logo that starts to tell our story of quality, luxury, and experience. Through additional advertising pieces, I will flush out the complete story.
I'll attach our old logos.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
Medical bills can really put a strain on your finances even when you have medical insurance. And they can strain your brains if you aren't used to reading the terms and information on them.
I don't work in the medical field now, but I have a degree in healthcare management and a certificate in medical coding and medical billing. The knowledge that I gained from my classes has saved me thousands of dollars over time. I have had numerous claims processed incorrectly either by the medical facility or the insurance company.
The most recent one that I was able to get corrected was a bill for oral surgery; I received a bill for $800, and I knew that I didn't owe them anything. I called the facility and learned that they never billed my secondary insurance even though it was on file. Once they reprocessed the claim I not only didn't owe them $800, they sent me a check for $100, because the insurance company paid even more than they originally thought. If I had just paid the bill instead of researching it, I would have been out $900 ($800 for the bill they sent and $100 for the overpayment). I'm hoping that this article can help save your family on past, present and future medical bills. It's not too late to go back and review some of your previous claims; you may just find that you are due a refund. While writing this article I reviewed a few of my own recent claims and learned that I am due a refund of $148 because I reached my maximum out-of-pocket expenditures.
Learn what common medical terms mean. If you don't understand common insurance terms you will not be able to check your bills for accuracy. Below are some common terms that you will need to know.
• In-Network: Your insurance plan has a list of participating doctors and facilities that are considered In-Network. They have agreed to a reduced fee schedule and this saves the insurance company money. Because of this in-network claims are paid at a higher percentage than out-of-network claims. My insurance company pays 90 precent for in-network claims and 80 percent for out-of-network.
• Savvy Tips: An in-network provider is prohibited from billing you for anything but your deductible and co-insurance. They are not allowed to bill you for any fees that exceed the pre-negotiated rate by your insurance carrier. This practice is called "balance billing" and it does happen. The key is to check those bills carefully.
• Out-Of-Network: If you receive care at a facility or doctor that isn't on the in-network list then your claims will be processed as if they were out-of network. The co-payments and deductibles are higher for out-of-network doctors and you may be billed for additional fees that the insurance company does not cover.
• If you receive care at an in-network facility, the doctor who manages your care there may still be out-of-network. Because you went to an in-network facility most insurance companies will still process these claims as if the doctor was in-network. Always check your bills to see if the claim was processed as in-network or out-of-network. I have received a check for $1,000 in the past when I sent a claim back to be processed in-network.
• Co-Payment: This is a flat fee you pay for each visit. For example, you may have a $30 deductible for each doctor visit. This means that you will pay $30 for each visit and your insurance plan will pick up the rest. You are responsible for this amount regardless of how much you have paid out of pocket for other services.
• Deductible: This is similar to a co-payment. This is the amount that you will pay for each visit. This amount is a fixed amount and is payable at each visit. You must reach your deductible before the insurance company pays anything. Example if you have a $100 deductible for an emergency room visit, the first $100 is your responsibility. The insurance plan will kick in after the deductible is met. If the bill was only $100, you would be responsible for the whole thing.
• If you have reached your out-of-pocket limit, the deductibles are no longer charged. They go away completely until the next plan year.
• Individual Out-Of-Pocket Maximum Individual: This is the maximum amount each individual on the plan must pay out of pocket each year before your insurance plan starts to pay 100 percent of the claims. Co-payments do not count towards the maximum out of pocket but deductibles and co-insurance will be applied to your out of pocket amounts.
• The in-network out-of-pocket is always lower than the out-of-network out-of-pocket. Example: I have an in-network out-of-pocket limit of $1,500. My out-of-pocket limit is for out-of-network is $3,000. Always go to an in-network facility if you can.
• The out-of-pocket limits tabulate yearly. Your eligible expenses towards your out-of-pocket start over ever year. If you have met your out-of- pocket expenses for the year, you may want to schedule any procedures this year because if they are an approved procedure it will be covered 100 percent because you have already reached your out-of-pocket maximum. Waiting until the next calendar year will make a big difference in what you have to pay because when the plan year starts over you will not have anything applied to your out-of-pocket expense.
• Family Out-Of-Pocket Maximum: This is the maximum amount that your entire family would have to pay before you no longer have a deductible and the insurance would start paying 100 percent (except for any co-payments). For my plan the individual out of pocket limit is $1,500. The family limit is $3,000. If two people in our family reached the $1,500 individual out of pocket maximum, the entire families claims would then be paid at 100 percent and we would no longer pay deductibles for the current year. The $3,000 can be met by just two people or perhaps you have five people on the plan and they each contributed $600 to the out-of-pocket expenses. This would satisfy the requirement of $3,000 and all future claims would no longer have a deductible or co-insurance until the following year for all family members.
• Discount: This is the difference between the fees that the doctors charged and the agreed upon fee with the participating provider. This amount is not paid by the insurance company, it is deducted from the bill and you are not responsible for it.
• Amount not covered: If a procedure is not approved by your insurance company they can refuse to pay it.
• Co-Insurance: This is the percentage of the claims that you must pay. My plan pays 90 percent of the medical bill, and I am responsible for 10 percent.
• Once you have met your out-of-pocket expenses the plan will pay for 100 percent, you will not be responsible for the co-insurance again until the following year when the plan starts over.
Take time to learn how the above terms apply to your actual claims. Here are examples of a claim below to help you understand the process.
Sally visited the emergency room. The bill is $2,000. She has a $100 deductible and a co-insurance of 90 percent (that means the insurance company will pay 90 percent of the covered expenses). She has not met her out-of-pocket amount of $1,500 for this plan year.
• $2,000 - $100 deductible = $1900
• The insurance plan will pay their co-insurance at 90 percent of the $1900 (90 percent of $1,900 is $1710)
• The remaining balance is Sally's part of the co-insurance. She was responsible for the other 10 percent of covered services that the insurance plan did not pay = $190
• Sally's total charge for this visit was $290 ($100 deductible and $190 co-insurance)
Sam went to the emergency room. The bill is $2,000. He has a $100 deductible and a co-insurance of 90 percent (the insurance company pays 90 percent of the balance after the deductible and Sam pays 10 percent). Sam has met his out-of-pocket maximum of $1,500 for this plan year.
• $2,000 - $0 for the deductible = $2,000 (Sam has met his maximum out of pocket for the year so he no longer has to pay any deductibles for covered services. He will still have to pay his co-payments but no more deductibles)
• Because Sam met his out-of-pocket maximum the insurance company now pays the claim at 100 percent. He will not have to pay any co-insurance.
• The plan paid the claim at 100 percent and Sam's total cost was zero
In both of the above claims if the hospital billed $3,000, and they had agreed on a fee schedule of $2,000 they would have to write off the extra $1,000 because they are a participating provider. They would not be allowed to bill you the balance. All of the benefits would be processed and calculated based on the allowable charge of $2,000.
• Ask for a refund if you have overpaid. Unfortunately the billing department does not always send you a refund if you have overpaid - you have to ask for it. Be sure to check those bills carefully and ask for a refund. This applies to both medical and dental bills. My son went to the dentist and after the insurance payment was applied there is an over payment on the account. Instead of issuing us a refund it has been sitting on his account for his "next" visit as a credit. My husband has to have dental work done, since this is money that is owed to us we are requesting that the "credit" be applied to his account. It doesn't make sense to have our money just sitting there waiting.
• Review all of your bills for common mistakes. The doctors and hospitals bill your insurance company as a courtesy to you. Almost every facility has the disclaimer that if your insurance company does not pay you are responsible for the balance, because they are billing as a courtesy. This means you need to pay close attention and not assume that your bills are being paid the way they should be. If your insurance company denies the claim, the facility may not send a new bill. It's up to you to contact your medical insurance carrier and straighten it out. This can be a huge headache, but it is so worth it.
• Review all of your bills for these common errors:
• Repeat Billing - Make sure that you haven't been charged for the same procedure, supplies or medication more than once.
• If you were admitted in the hospital, carefully check the date that you were admitted and your discharge date.
• Make sure you check the room type you are being billed for. Private rooms often cost more - if you didn't have a private room make sure you are not being billed for one.
• Ask for an itemized bill from the doctor or insurance carrier - insurance claims are processed by numerical codes called CPT codes - a keystroke error can occur causing you to accidentally be charged for a service that you didn't even have. If you do not understand what something is, ask.
• If you are being billed by an out of network doctor you saw at an in-network facility such as a hospital, notify your insurance carrier and send it back to processing.
• Compare all of your bills to your explanation of benefits notice. You will get two statements from your visit, the bill from the hospital and an explanation of benefits from the insurance carrier showing you how much they have paid, what was applied to your out of pocket for the year, and what the final cost is that you are responsible for. Match the bill from the doctor with the EOB to make sure that they are the same. If there are discrepancies, contact both the doctor's office and the insurance company.
• Take your medications with you. If at all possible take your medications to the hospital with you. I learned this the hard way. I take a thyroid medication that costs $4 for a 30-day supply. I was recently in the hospital, and I was charged $8 a pill for the exact same medication. My grandmother is currently in the hospital and she brought her medications from home to save a ton of money.
• Ask for a discount. When it comes time to pay for your medical bills, check with the hospital and see if they can offer you a discount if you pay in full instead of making payments. Sometimes they will discount the bill 20 percent or more when you negotiate. Even if your bill is in collections, sometimes the hospital will discount the bill and you can pay them directly; they then contact the collection agency to correct it.
• Keep track of the dates that you have each insurance. The last couple of years we have had many changes. I've changed jobs, my husband has changed jobs, and one of the employers I was with changed insurance carriers. All of that can be very confusing when you are trying to figure out which insurance company is responsible for the bill. Keep those old insurance cards in a file and notate the ending day of the insurance. This will help for any bills that may have slipped through the cracks.
• Track your medical expenses. Track your medical expenses over the year to see how much you spend on average on prescriptions, dental and medical. This will help you make determinations when you are trying to decide on coverage during open enrollment time. It will also help you to decide how much you want to contribute to a flexible spending plan.
• Sign up for a flexible spending plan to help pay expenses. Calculate how much you expect to spend over a year's time on medical, dental, and prescriptions. Then contribute that amount to a flexible spending account. The deduction will be pre-tax which means you will save money and you will be able to pay for medical expenses as the occur. If you decide that you want to contribute $2.500 to the plan and you get paid 26 times a year, they would deduct $100 from each pay. The cool thing about the plan is you could spend the entire $2,500 in January when the plan starts; you do not have to wait until you have contributed that amount. If you know your child will be getting braces I highly encourage you to set up one of these plans. The downfall of the plan is if you do not use the entire $2,500 the unused balance goes to the company, it does not get returned to you.
If you have tips or questions about saving money send them to Savvy Shopper Michelle Rubrecht or post them to Savannah Savvy Shopper on Facebook.