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Dubbed the Alligator Junior by researchers, the submarine was 35 feet long and 3.5 feet wide, built of boiler iron, and described as "perfectly round, like a fish" in cross-section. 1 Twin rows of deadlights provided light for the 12-man crew. Large rubber bladders served as ballast tanks, and a 3-foot propeller drove the boat. The submarine sported a rudder and bow planes - both controlled from a station beneath the small conning tower, whose portholes provided an external view. Once on the bottom, a conical iron anchor kept the Junior in place, resting on her stern with the lighter bow angled upward. A hatch in the bottom of the hull allowed salvage divers to exit and re-enter the vessel.
Unique among mid-century submersibles was the sub's air-purifying system. Although Villeroi kept the details secret, he would use a similar device in the Alligator . Spent air was pumped into a tank filled with limewater. 2 Calcium in the limewater absorbed the carbon dioxide in the air, which was then pumped out of the tank. The rudimentary system allowed dives of several hours.
Within a week of the attack on Fort Sumter, Villeroi offered his vessel to the U.S. Navy. Soon rumors were rife that the Confederates were building an ironclad warship on the hulk of the U.S. frigate Merrimack , and nobody was quite certain how to deal with the threat. The Navy preferred to counter with its own ironclad and requested construction that resulted in the Monitor , New Ironsides , and Galena . But why not also try a submarine ? Officers at the Philadelphia Navy Yard told Villeroi to begin construction of a larger version of the Junior , to measure 47 feet long.
Ostensibly for increasing maneuverability but at the expense of speed, a set of hinged oars was installed as propulsion and the screw propeller dispensed with. This design proved less than satisfactory. Longitudinal stability was by means of two buoyancy chambers, which were deployed upward on chains from centerline tube housings.
Whereas other contemporary submarines used external means for delivering explosives, Villeroi's craft had a lockout chamber, and her crew would include a diver. Maneuvering a torpedo (mine) through a small hatch in the bottom of the bow, the diver was to place it on target, return to the submarine, and detonate the explosive electrically via wires. Current was supplied by a bank of batteries stored within the boat. The method was safer than using a timer.
The Alligator , however, suffered from poor timing throughout her brief history. Construction delays were common, mostly occasioned by the unusual nature of the vessel as well as the bristly personality of her inventor, who was a bit of a scoundrel. The Navy eventually cut him out of the building process, and the boat was not launched until May 1862 - two months after the Merrimack , renamed the CSS Virginia , dueled with the Monitor at the Battle of Hampton Roads. The sub's whole reason for being seemed to vanish when the Confederate ironclad was scuttled on 11 May.
After Brutus de Villeroi's forced departure from the scene, the Navy selected Samuel Eakins, an expert diver with explosives experience, to oversee the Alligator project. Eakins, however, struggled to complete the boat and train a crew in preparation for a new and urgent mission to hasten a Union advance on Richmond. On 13 June 1862, the U.S. Navy officially accepted the boat into service and became the first navy in the world to have an operational submarine in its ship inventory. The "submarine propeller," as she was then referred to within the Navy, was towed to the James River in late June to try to blow up obstructions below Drewry's Bluff and destroy a railroad bridge over the Appomattox River near Petersburg. But the rivers were too shallow in both locations to allow the submarine to operate safely. Realizing that the boat was more in danger of being captured by Confederate forces than useful, the local naval commander, Commander John Rogers, ordered her out of the combat zone.
The Alligator was towed to the Washington Navy Yard, where a commissioned naval officer, Lieutenant Thomas O. Selfridge, and Navy crew were assigned to her. While testing the boat in the Potomac, Lieutenant Selfridge, who did not understand how to properly use the ballast tanks, managed to stand the Alligator on her stern. His report was predictably damning, and his request for reassignment immediately granted. The Navy again turned to Sam Eakins, appointing him acting master and instructing him to remove the boat's oars and refit her with a screw propeller. That was accomplished over the fall and winter of 1862. The more efficient screw allowed Eakins to halve the crew to only eight men, and it doubled the submarine's speed to four knots.
By 1863, the Alligator had a new assignment: Remove obstructions in Charleston Harbor in advance of an attack by ironclads of the blockading fleet. Although the Northern public believed the Navy's iron warships capable of anything, naval officers knew better; getting hung up beneath the guns of Fort Sumter and the harbor's other Rebel batteries would invite destruction. The job was tailor-made for the Alligator .
In preparation for the assignment, Eakins may have made one additional change to the boat, for which there is only circumstantial—but telling—evidence. In a letter written only weeks before his departure for Charleston, he claimed to have realized that Villeroi had allowed for a second means of using the submarine. Eakins does not specify what that was, but said it would allow him to make the attack—that is, place the mines—personally. The final crew roster does not mention a diver, and Eakins specifically stated that his idea would allow him to dispense with any diver. That suggests some means by which he, as captain, could place the charges without exiting his vessel.
A clue may survive in an 1865 sketch by an anonymous Navy officer showing what appears to be the upper half of a diving suit attached to the top hatch of a small submarine. In the drawing, the arms are shown as flexible—perhaps indicating they are rubber sleeves and that the rest of the suit is inflexible, made of bronze or iron. It is reminiscent of Villeroi's original fish boat with her watertight sleeves that allowed her operator to extend his arms beyond the hull. Was this Eakins' idea, and was it incorporated into the Alligator ? Such an arrangement—with a torpedo strapped into a cradle near the hatch, attached to a grappling hook, and with "galvanic wire" ready to connect—would have made the submarine a much more lethal (and maneuverable) warship.
Ordered to Port Royal, the Alligator set sail under tow of the screw gunboat USS Sumpter on 29 March. Eakins and his crew berthed on board the surface ship. On 2 April off Cape Hatteras, the wind picked up and blew a gale from the northwest. When it shifted to the southwest and increased to "a heavy gale," the Alligator continued to tow smoothly. But by 1700 the seas had increased and the Sumpter was taking water. The sub began "towing hard," and one of the two hawsers attached to her parted so that she began to "steer wildly." A hurried council of officers, including Eakins, agreed that cutting the Alligator loose was the only way to save the Sumpter, whose engines were already laboring with two feet of water in the hold. At 1800, that was done. The submarine was lost at sea. The ironclad attack she was intended to facilitate proceeded on schedule, was stymied by obstructions, and failed.
Despite the Alligator 's apparent lack of success, her story is peppered with firsts. Not only was she the first submarine accepted into the U.S. Navy and the first of the Civil War, she was also the first deployed to a combat zone and the first to be refit in a navy yard. Through bad timing and circumstances her potential was never tested in combat. But that does not detract from the bravery of her crews, civilian and military, and the advances she represented in a time of technological flux, when the Navy led the way in the transition from the Age of Sail to the Age of Iron and Steam.
1. Villeroi did not name his boats, and the Navy originally referred to the later vessel as "the submarine propeller." But a newspaper reporter who watched the green-painted warship pushed along the surface by her banks of oars gave her a name: "It looks like an alligator!" Being smaller, her predecessor was christened by researchers the Alligator Junior .
2. Created by the immersion of crushed seashells, lime, or chalk - all rich in calcium.
Still Eluding Searchers
By David Hall
Using a variety of remote sensing instruments, researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Office of Naval Research (ONR), and East Carolina University conducted the first comprehensive hunt for the Civil War vessel Alligator , the U.S. Navy's first submarine, in August 2004.
The search took place off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, where the green sub was lost during a fierce storm in 1863. Operating from the ONR's 108-foot YP-679 "Afloat Lab," a former Navy training ship used for outreach, education, and research, the 10-person expedition team used sidescan sonar, a magnetometer, and a remotely operated vehicle to comb more than 50 nautical miles of the seafloor for the elusive boat.
NOAA, with support from the ONR, continued the hunt for the Alligator in September 2005. During that mission, researchers deployed a magnetometer and autonomous underwater vehicle to investigate targets identified during the August 2004 NOAA-ONR survey and a NOAA survey of opportunity in May 2005.
While searches for the Alligator have so far proved inconclusive, interest in her continues ashore in libraries, classrooms, studios, workshops, and beyond thanks to a dedicated team of historians, naval experts, engineers, modelers, artists, teachers, and students who have joined forces to uncover the elusive submarine's secrets. Simultaneously, researchers are probing waters near Philadelphia in the area of inventor Brutus de Villeroi's shipyard for indications of the 1859 prototype submarine, the Alligator Junior . Intriguing magnetometer data gathered in 2009 are currently being analyzed by NOAA and will hopefully lead to actual excavation.


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General Terms and Conditions
for the online shop of FALKE KGaA
Preliminary remark
Below you can find our General Terms of Business for your registration and orders made via our Online Shop at www.falke.com.
Through our Online Shop we can offer you two different options for ordering products. Different conditions apply depending on whether you want to buy products through our Online Shop (individually) or want to enter into a subscription agreement to receive products from FALKE regularly.
Purchase of products through the Online Shop
When you order products through our Online Shop (without being a subscriber), in this case the standard terms of business can be found in the general part (A) in combination with part (B), which contains specific rules on the (simple) purchase of products. Section (C) has no bearing on the matter in this case.
Subscription agreement
If you make a subscription agreement with us for the regular supply of FALKE products, the subscription agreement is subject to the general part (A) in combination with part (C) which contains special rules concerning the subscription agreement. Section (B) has no bearing on the matter in this case.
Part (A) – General section
1. Area of application
1.1 These general terms of business ("Terms and conditions") govern the business relationship between us, being FALKE KGaA, Oststraße 5, 57392 Schmallenberg ("FALKE") and you, the customer, if you obtain our product range through the FALKE Online Shop.
1.2 The general terms of business in the version applicable at the time of the order shall govern the business relationship between you and FALKE exclusively. Terms and conditions contrary to or deviating from the following provisions do not apply unless we expressly agree in writing to their validity.
1.3 We sell our products exclusively to consumers, small businesses, associations and foundations and only in quantities suitable for households. You are deemed to be a consumer insofar as the purpose of the deliveries and services ordered cannot be attributed mainly to your commercial business operation or self-employment. Your business is a small business if by its nature and extent it does not necessitate operating a business establishment set up for commercial purposes (Section 1(2) HGB).
1.4 The contract shall be concluded in the German language.
1.5 We do not offer products for purchase by minors. If you are younger than 18, it is necessary for your legal guardian or parent to be involved.
2. Registration/customer account
2.1 You can register as a customer with our Online Shop and set up a customer account. For this you must enter certain data relating to your person which we will store and which will make the procedure for future purchases through our Online Shop easier since your data will then already be available for any fresh purchases. In addition, you must specify a password enabling only you to access your customer account. Registration for the customer account will be confirmed immediately after completing the registration by clicking the "registration" button. Your access data will enable you to log into the FALKE Online Shop. Each customer is only entitled to maintain one customer account at a time. We reserve the right to delete multiple registrations. You are of course able to amend the data you have entered at any time or to delete your customer account. We are not obliged to accept the registration or orders from a registered customer. We are also not obliged to make the range offered available on a permanent basis. This does not affect orders that have already been confirmed.
2.2 The only time it is necessary to set up a customer account is when there is a subscription agreement (see Part C). You can otherwise also make purchases via our Online Shop without having a customer account. If you would like to buy articles without having a customer account, you must specify certain information for us in order to perform and settle the purchase contract, e.g. name, address, postal and shipping address, telephone number and email address.
2.3 When entering your personal data (whether in the event of creating/altering a customer account or entering your data to perform and settle the contract) you are responsible for providing truthful and complete information. You are obliged to treat the personal access data confidentially and not to make them available to any unauthorised third parties.
3. Delivery only in Europe and Switzerland/delivery and transfer of risk
3.1 The following delivery restriction applies: We only deliver to customers with a shipping address in the European Union or Switzerland.
3.2 If the product you have ordered is temporarily unavailable, we will notify you of this immediately. In the event of a delivery delay of more than two weeks you have the right to rescind the contract. Additionally, in this case we are also entitled to withdraw from the contract (although in the case of a subscription agreement this only applies to the unavailable part of the contract). Any payments already made in this case will be returned without delay.
3.3 If we are unable to keep to binding delivery dates for reasons not in our control (unavailability of the service), we shall notify you of this immediately and simultaneously give notice of an estimated new delivery date. If the delivery is also unavailable within the new delivery period, we are entitled to withdraw either fully or partly from the contract (in the case of a subscription agreement this only applies to the unavailable part of the contract); we shall immediately refund any payment already made by you. In this case, non-availability is said to be in particular the non-punctual delivery to us by our suppliers when we have concluded a congruent covering transaction, neither we nor our supplier is at fault or if in that instance we are not obliged to deal with the procurement. Our statutory rights to rescind and terminate the contract as well as the regulations on settling the contract in the case of an exclusion of the performance obligation (e.g. it is impossible or unreasonable to have to perform the obligation and/or to subsequently perform it) are unaffected.
3.4 The risk of accidental loss and accidental deterioration of the articles is transferred to you, the customer, on handover.
4. Retention of title
4.1. Until full payment of the relevant invoice amount, the articles supplied shall remain our property (articles subject to retention of title). As customer, you are obliged to treat the article with care while the retention of title prevails.
4.2. In the event of seizures or other acts by third parties, you must indicate that the articles are our property and notify us immediately in writing so that we are able to enforce our ownership rights. If the third party is unable to refund us the judicial costs or extra-judicial costs incurred in this regard, you shall be held liable.
5. Prices/shipping costs/payment/credit check
5.1. All prices stated on the FALKE Online Shop website are quoted inclusive of the applicable value added tax.
5.2. The shipping costs incurred will be notified to you as part of the presentation of our products and during the ordering process. These costs may vary depending on the delivery address you give.
5.3. Depending on the invoice address provided, you will be offered various ways to pay (e.g. by credit card, PayPal, Amazon Payments or on account). The various payment options will be displayed for you to choose from during the order procedure. You are able to alter the payment method stored in your customer account at any time provided it is possible with the invoice address you have stated.
5.4. Unless agreed otherwise (such as for the subscription agreement in accordance with Part (C), 1.5), payment of the purchase price will become due immediately on conclusion of the contract. When buying on account, payment becomes due immediately after the invoice has been received.
5.5. Your payment data will be transmitted to the corresponding payment service provider depending on the method of payment you have chosen. The financial service provider is responsible for your payment data. You should be aware that before choosing a payment method we perform an assessment of credit risk based on mathematical-statistical processes (scoring). For this, the personal data necessary for making the credit check - in other words, name, date of birth and address - are transmitted to these companies, and your address data are also taken into account. Using this information the statistical probability of default is calculated and on this basis a decision is made as to the more detailed execution of the contract, including in particular the nature of the payment options available to you.
6. Notes on data processing
6.1. Concerning the collection, processing and use of personal data and the application of the scoring procedure (see 5.5) we refer you to our data protection statement which can be downloaded at any time from our website in printable form using the button "Datenschutzerklärung" [=data protection statement].
6.2. If you have set up a customer account, you always have the option of downloading the data stored about you using the button "Mein Konto / Meine Daten" [=my account/my data] and altering or deleting it.
7. Conditions of personalisation
7.1. You have the option to have individual articles from our range embroidered with a series of characters, which is sewn onto the outside of both the left and right socks of the chosen article ("personalisation"). Articles that can be customised are marked with a needle and thread symbol at the bottom right of the preview image. After selecting the article and clicking the "personalisation" button, you can specify a four-character combination of letters and full stops and/or spaces. You can also select one of twelve embroidery colours and you have a choice of three fonts.
7.2. We reserve the right to refuse certain combinations, for example if they contain the trademark of a third party or the names of sports teams, athletes or other known persons, that neither you nor we have the right to use, or because we find the combination inappropriate. If we refuse your chosen combination, you will be notified of this via email as soon as possible.
7.3. Your chosen personalisation must not breach the rights of third parties. Please note that, although we have the right to refuse your requested personalisation, you bear all responsibility for the personalisation and we are under no legal obligation to check or refuse your personalisation. If your chosen personalisation infringes the rights of a third party and that third party makes a claim against us (especially, but not limited to, compensation, omission or disclosure claims), then you are liable for compensation for any resulting damages.
7.4. Please note that you do not have the right of cancellation in relation to articles personalised by you and we cannot accept returns – unless the article is faulty.
8. Warranty/guarantee
8.1. The statutory provisions govern your rights in the event of material defects and defects of title.
8.2. An additional guarantee applies in the case of articles supplied by us only if this has specifically been stated in the product description on the site of our Online Shop or on the order confirmation for the relevant product.
9. Exclusion of liability
9.1. Provided these general terms of business and the following provisions do not come into conflict, we shall be liable under the relevant statutory provisions in the event of an infringement of contractual and non-contractual obligations.
9.2. Irrespective of the legal grounds, we shall be liable for payment of damages in the case of intent and gross negligence. In cases of simple negligence we shall only be liable
a) for damages arising from wrongful death, personal injury or impairment of health,
b) for damages caused by the breach of a material contractual obligation (i.e. an obligation the fulfilment of which is crucial for the proper performance of the contract and on the fulfilment of which the contracting party regularly relies and may rely); in this case, however, our liability is restricted to the replacement of foreseeable damage which may typically occur.
9.3. The restrictions on liability resulting from 8.2 do not apply if we have maliciously concealed a defect or have given a quality guarantee for the articles. The same applies to claims asserted by you under the Act on Product Liability.
9.4. Insofar as we are excluded from or restricted in our liability for damages, this shall also apply with regard to the personal liability of our employees, factory workers, collaborators, representatives and agents.
10. Copyright and industrial property rights
All image rights, copyright and other intellectual property relating to the content of the Online Shop of FALKE (including text, illustrations, graphics, videos, music, trademarks, logos and other corporate marks) belong to us or our partners. Their use is not permitted without our prior specific agreement.
11. Assignment/offsetting/right of retention
You are not entitled to assign the purchase agreement made with us or parts of it to third parties without our written agreement. Your ability to set off with claims based on defects and other claims arising from the same purchase contract against our purchase price claim will not be limited by these General Terms and Conditions; you are only entitled to offset claims from other legal relationships against our purchase price claim, as far as your claims are uncontested, we have accepted them or they have been legally established. As purchaser, you may only exercise a right of retention if your counter-claim is based on the same purchase contract.
12. Customer service
FALKE's customer service can be reached on:
Mondays - Fridays, 08:00 - 18:00 hours
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Telephone: 00800 22033022
Postal address:
FALKE KGaA
Oststraße 3
D-57392 Schmallenberg
13. Option to save or access the text of the contract
13.1. You can view FALKE's general terms of business on the website www.falke.com under "Terms and conditions". You may also print or save this document by using the normal function provided by your internet browser. You can also download and archive this document as a PDF file by clicking here.
13.2. You can also archive the data from your order by waiting for the automatic order confirmation that we will email to you at the email address you have given once your order has been completed. This order confirmation email contains the data of your order and can be easily printed out or saved by your email program.
13.3. Within a reasonable period after concluding the contract and at the latest on delivery of the articles, we shall also provide you with a confirmation of the contract and its content on a permanent data carrier (e.g. by email or in writing) so that you can save the contract text and/or file it among your documents. This rule does not affect more extensive statutory information obligations with which we have to comply in respect of you.
13.4. Your order data will be stored by us but for security reasons cannot be downloaded by you directly. We offer each customer password-protected direct access via their customer account ("Mein Konto" [=my account]). With the corresponding registration this allows you to view data concerning your completed, open and recently shipped orders and to manage your address details, payment information and newsletters.
13.5. The text of the contract is stored subject to data protection security.
14. Contractual right to return articles
14.1. We grant a contractual right to return all our products within 14 days which is longer than the statutory cancellation right.
14.2. This contractual right allows you to dissolve the contract or, in the case of a subscription, to reverse a single shipment. To do this you must send the articles back to us as follows within 14 days of receiving them:
(1) Request a return slip by email from our customer service at firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone on 00800 22033022; the return slip will then be emailed to you;
(2) Print out the return slip and affix it to the package;
(3) Simply drop off your parcel at your nearest post office - postage is already paid.
14.3. A punctual consignment date is adequate to preserve the deadlines. Should you want to use the contractual right of return, it will be necessary for you to have treated the products and packaging well beforehand and to send us back the entire, undamaged articles in the original packaging. If you have damaged the articles, the contractual right to return the articles is excluded. They are returned at our risk.
14.4. The statutory cancellation right for consumers (see Part (B) point 2 and Part (C) point 2) is not affected by our rules concerning the contractual right to return articles, but applies independently of it.
15. Online Dispute Resolution Platform
Information on the European Online Dispute Resolution Platform and on participation in dispute resolution proceedings before a consumer complaint office According to current law, we are obliged to inform consumers of the existence of the European online dispute resolution platform, which can be used for the settlement of disputes without bring it to court. For the establishment of the platform, the European Commission is responsible. The European online dispute resolution platform is available under the following link: http://ec.europa.eu/odr. The seller has no obligation and is not prepared to participate in dispute resolution proceedings before a consumer arbitration agency.
16. Final provisions
The laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, with the exclusion of the UN Sales Convention, apply to these general terms of business and to all legal and contractual relationships between you and us.
Part (B) – Special provisions for the sale of products (without a subscription agreement)
1. Conclusion of contract
1.1. You can choose from the FALKE Online Shop range of products and place them in your virtual shopping cart using the "in den Warenkorb" [=into the shopping cart] button. The presentation of products in the FALKE Online Shop is not a legally binding offer; it is simply a non-binding online catalogue.
1.2. By clicking on the button "jetzt kostenpflichtig bestellen" [now make a binding order], you are making a binding order for the articles contained in the shopping cart, constituting your offer to FALKE. By clicking this button you signify acceptance of these general terms of business which means you have included them in your application.
1.3. We will immediately email confirmation of the receipt of your order. This type of confirmation does not imply a binding acceptance of the order, unless it also states our acceptance besides confirming receipt. A contract only becomes effective when we accept your order separately in an email (shipping confirmation) or through delivery of the ordered articles.
2. Cancellation information
As a consumer, you always have a statutory right to cancel on concluding a distance selling transaction for which we are notifying you as per the statutory method.
Cancellation information
Right to cancel
You have the right to cancel this contract within fourteen days without stating reasons. The cancellation period is fourteen days from the day on which you, or a third party you have nominated, who is not the carrier, have or has taken possession of the articles.
In order to exercise your cancellation rights, you must send us a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent by mail, telefax or email) to us (FALKE KGaA, Online-Shop, Oststraße 3, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany) of your decision to cancel this contract. You may use the attached specimen cancellation form, although it is not mandatory.
To safeguard the cancellation period it is sufficient to send off the notification about exercising the cancellation right before the cancellation period ends.
Consequences of cancellation
If you cancel the contract, we must immediately refund to you all the payments we received from you, including the delivery costs (except the additional costs resulting from the fact that you have chosen a type of delivery other than the inexpensive standard delivery we offered) by the latest within fourteen days from the date on which we received the notice cancelling this contract. For this repayment we use the same means of payment that you used for the original transaction, unless a different arrangement has been specifically agreed; under no circumstances will you be charged for this refund.
We can refuse repayment until we have received the articles or until you have furnished proof that you have sent back the articles, depending on which is earlier.
You must immediately send back or hand over the articles to
FALKE KGaA
Auf der Lake 3
D-57392 Schmallenberg
within fourteen days at the latest from the date on which you notified us of the cancellation of this contract. The time limit is complied with if you send back the articles before the 14-day time limit has expired. We bear the costs of sending back the articles. You must only pay for the loss of value of the articles if this loss of value can be traced to unnecessary handling of them to verify the nature, characteristics and functioning of the articles.
Specimen cancellation form
[If you want to cancel the contract, please complete this form and send it to us.]
FALKE KGaA
Auf der Lake 3
I herewith cancel the contract concluded by me for the purchase of the following articles.
Ordered on:
Received on:
Town/city and postcode:
Date, signature
Part (C) – Special provisions for the subscription agreement
1.Subscription agreement
1.1. In addition to the one-off purchase of individual products you also have the option to conclude a contract for a product subscription via the FALKE Online Shop so that several times a year you are sent socks, stockings or tights of your choice by post at regular intervals – to be chosen by you – ("subscription agreement").
1.2. To set up a subscription agreement you can initially choose articles from the FALKE Online Shop range and place them in the virtual shopping cart using the button "Produkt abonnieren" [=subscribe to product] [NB: Adapt if necessary.]. The articles in the shopping cart are displayed in the section "Abo konfigurieren" [=configure subscription] [NB: Adapt if appropriate.]. You have the option there to select the frequency of deliveries per year ("delivery rhythm") as well as to determine the quantity of products to be delivered once again. We provide a selection of possible delivery rhythms. By clicking on the button "Zahlungspflichtigen Vertrag schließen" [Conclude formal contract] you are providing a binding offer to conclude a subscription agreement concerning the articles in the shopping cart. The application can only be sent off and transmitted if you accept these general terms of business by clicking on the button "AGB akzeptieren" [=accept general terms of business] and so include them in your offer.
1.3. We will immediately email confirmation of the receipt of your order. This type of confirmation does not imply binding acceptance of the subscription agreement, unless besides confirming receipt it also states acceptance. A subscription agreement only comes into being when we accept your order separately in an email (shipping confirmation) or through the initial delivery of the ordered articles.
1.4. The subscription agreement for the articles chosen by you (including the delivery rhythm) is made for an indefinite period.
1.5. During the term of the subscription agreement you can at any time add new articles to the subscription agreement via your customer account to the articles you have chosen – allowing a lead time of at least one (1) month. The provisions in point 1.2 of Part C apply analogously to such an extension of the subscription agreement.
1.6. In addition, you have the option, during the term of the subscription agreement, at any time via your customer account to reduce the number of articles you have chosen – with a lead time of at least one (1) month – resulting in a partial cancellation of the subscription agreement. If you take such a reduction/partial cancellation, we will notify you of the altered contractual elements by email.
1.7. You may cancel the subscription agreement in writing or by email (to: firstname.lastname@example.com) subject to one month's notice. We can terminate the subscription agreement subject to the statutory notice periods unless the above notice period is longer than the statutory notice period; in this case, the above notice period of one month also applies to us. The termination of the subscription agreement has no effect on the articles supplied up to termination of the subscription agreement.
1.8. Payment of the purchase price for each (partial) delivery becomes due directly after the corresponding invoice is received.
1.9. Changes to the shipping address are to be notified to us at firstname.lastname@example.com at least 20 days before the next delivery date.
2. Cancellation information (for conclusion and extension of the subscription agreement)
As a consumer, you always have a statutory right to cancel on concluding a distance selling transaction for which we are notifying you as per the statutory method.
Cancellation information
Right to cancel
You have the right to cancel this contract within fourteen days without stating reasons. The cancellation period is fourteen days from the day on which you, or a third party you have nominated, who is not the carrier, took possession of the first articles.
In order to exercise your cancellation rights, you must send a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent by mail, telefax or email) to us (FALKE KGaA, Online-Shop, Auf der Lake 3, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany) of your decision to cancel this contract. You may use the attached specimen cancellation form, although it is not mandatory. To safeguard the cancellation period it is sufficient to send off the notification about exercising the cancellation right before the cancellation period ends.
Consequences of cancellation
If you cancel the contract, we must immediately refund to you all the payments we received from you, including the delivery costs (except the additional costs resulting from the fact that you have chosen a type of delivery other than the inexpensive standard delivery we offered) by the latest within fourteen days from the date on which we received the notice cancelling this contract. For this repayment we will use the same means of payment that you used in the original transaction, unless a different arrangement has been specifically agreed; in no case will you be charged for this refund.
We can refuse repayment until we have received the articles or until you have furnished proof that you have sent back the articles, depending on which is earlier.
You must immediately send back or hand over the articles to
FALKE KGaA
Auf der Lake 3
D-57392 Schmallenberg
within fourteen days at the latest from the date on which you notified us of the cancellation of this contract. The time limit is complied with if you send back the articles before the 14-day time limit has expired. We bear the costs of sending back the articles. You must only pay for the loss of value of the articles if this loss of value can be traced to unnecessary handling of them to verify the nature, characteristics and functioning of the articles.
Specimen cancellation form
[If you want to cancel the contract, please complete this form and send it to us.]
FALKE KGaA
Auf der Lake 3
D-57392 Schmallenberg
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Home > Formation Compact Double Pedestal Desk - 66"W
NBF Signature Series
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Add class and style to your work area with our Signature Series Formation 66"W double pedestal desk. Affordable without compromising on quality, this executive desk features durable melamine laminate surfaces, reinforced construction and heavy-duty ball bearing drawer extension glides for a timeless look. The full height modesty panel and 1" thick top and end panels give this desk an impressive look and unmistakable sturdiness.
This desk is constructed with thermally-fused melamine laminate and 3mm PVC edge banding that resists scratches, chipping and burns. At the core, 45-pound density particleboard is joined with high-pressure staples and reinforced with dowels and L-brackets to give this desk maximum strength. The desk has two utility drawers and three hanging file drawers, all lockable with ball bearing glides that can support up to 100 pounds. Adjustable .75" glides ensures stability, even on uneven ground.
Assembly required. Please call for assembly services.
This item is a GSA Schedule Contract item. National Business Furniture's GSA contract number is: GS-27F-0024V.
For more information, please call one of our government specialists at 800-558-1010, or visit this page to learn about all our government contracts including Navy BPA, Air Force BPA, TXMAS and CMAS.
For a limited time, take an additional 15% OFF the price of this item by entering promo code HARVEST during checkout! Your discounted price will be reflected at checkout. Promotion valid for 15% off all qualifying products (excluding tax and shipping) using promo code HARVEST only. Qualifying products will be marked with a 15% Off tag. Promo code cannot be used with any other promotions or discounts and is limited to one use per customer. Promo code applies to merchandise only. Enter promo code on payment page in check out to see discount before submitting order. Promo code valid November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018 11:59 p.m. CST.
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Wow! What a collection, and I love the woodcut! amarine, welcome to the board. I'm sure we are all thrilled to see more of your Hadeland pieces and will try and help you in any way we can. If you need technical assistance with resizing pics or anything else on the board please just shout, that's what I'm here for.
Hi Amarine, your collection is so beautiful and delicate......and I have been entranced by your Grandfather's amazing woodcut of glassblowers......I collect glass pieces depicting glassblowers............just missed one last night We had some glass plates here on the GMB that had very similar styles of engravings to your Grandfathers woodcut, and I wonder if anyone here on the GMB can remember who posted it and if they were Hadeland pieces.I have a full day today, but if no one comes up with an answer, I will have a look this evening and see if I can find the link and see if there is a correlation.Do you have any Hadeland glass animals or birds at all?
That Mats Jonasson, Rosie, the OP misread the text. It's clarified later in the topic you linked to. http://www.glassmessages.com/index.php/topic,46013.msg260471.html#msg260471amarine, please feel free to do so. glass @ yobunny.co.uk will reach me (close up the spaces) - each email should be no more than 8Mb in size but you can send as many as you like.
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I'm on the outside looking in, of course, but it's not real hard to figure out what's probably happening at Fisker Automotive.
Co-founder Henrik Fisker quit his namesake company this week, citing disagreements with management. CEO Tony Posawatz has been quite open about the need to find a partner, an investor, a buyer -- some source of capital for the floundering maker of plug-in hybrids. Recent media reports have said a buyer most likely will come from China.
Presumably Henrik Fisker isn't happy about that. But selling Fisker Automotive to a Chinese company wouldn't be a surprise. It would be a surprise if the new owner weren't Chinese.
Last August, Automotive News ran a story by Alysha Webb, who specializes in Chinese trade and electric vehicles, on Chinese investment in green tech developed in the United States The companies Webb listed at that time:
- Smith Electric Vehicles (EVs)
- Protean Electric (in-wheel electric drive systems)
- A123 Systems (batteries)
- Efficient Drivetrains Inc. (plug-in hybrid electric drivetrains)
- Boston-Power Inc. (batteries)
- PowerGenix Corp. (batteries)
- Aptera Motors (EVs)
The Chinese investments ranged from minority equity to joint ventures to outright purchase of assets. Since then, the deals have continued. For instance, the large Chinese supplier Wanxiang Group moved from investor to owner of A123's battery business in January, buying it out of Chapter 11 reorganization.
That last detail tells you why this is happening. Electric drive businesses are finding it hard to stay afloat in the United States. Meanwhile, China has a policy of encouraging electrified transportation. And it has ample money to invest.
So green tech -- some of it developed with U.S. government grants and loans -- is migrating to China.
The question is: Should we care?
Are the Chinese positioning themselves to dominate electric drive if, in another decade or so, it gains critical mass?
Are they wasting their renminbi on a technology that will never be cost-effective for mass market consumers? Or are they buying old tech that will require multiple upgrades if electric drive is to become practical?
Time and market forces will answer those questions. But what is quite clear today is that China is buying up the electric-drive technology that the United States is rejecting.


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Now get us Mother 3 outside of japan and you'll really see me start opening my wallet...
At least its nice to finally have a way to legally play through the game to finally see what all fuss is about.
Luckily, this could mean that the EarthBound brand is going to be revived with a new game down the road.
I wonder if they'll change things for legal reasons in the American VC version or leave it intact.
According to Mato's blog its just the original SNES game slapped onto the VC. Small question...Why isn't it being put on 3DS VC? Plan on getting one soon, and this would be fantastic.


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It was a similar scene throughout the city, as spotty mass transit service forced people to take to their cars, making for a nightmare commute. Frustrated motorists searched in vain for stations that still had petroleum.
At the Shell station in Maspeth, police said they were shutting the station down because they received calls of fighting occurring on the line. While everything seemed civil, when police began to tape off the gas station motorists left their vehicles and started yelling.
"People lost their homes in this storm," one officer told an angry motorist, before commenting on the insignificance of gas.
Officers said they also received complaints that motorists were queueing on the wrong side of the street. From 72nd Place to 74th Street, cars were double-parked while trucks and buses navigated around them.
Nick, the owner of the Shell station who asked to be identified only by his first name, said that he has never seen anything like the lines in front of his station on Thursday morning. "We like to sell gas," he said, "but not like this."
When asked if the next shipment of gas would be coming to refill his station soon, he laughed and said that he didn't know. He said that he hopes a truck will be able to reach him by Saturday.
Governor Andrew Cuomo told the press on Friday, November 2 that the gasoline is coming but, "it's going to require some patience."
One way the governor tried to alleviate the gas shortage crisis was to allow the federal government to give out free gasoline to emergency vehicles and the general public at five locations over the weekend.
At a gas station in Crown Heights on Saturday, three lines were formed, one each for first responders, citizens on foot and citizens in cars. However, after a while it became clear to many that first responders were the only ones who were filling up their tanks with consistency. The scene erupted into chaos, and some individuals were arrested or detained by police.
Suzanne Caracci, owner of Pet Palace in Middle Village, has worked to get donations from members of the community to residents of the Rockaways. The three vans ready to take the donations were halted because they didn't have enough gas to get to the Rockaways and back.
She said the gas shortage was a significant issue. "It is postponing us from dropping all of the donations off," she said.
Nick said that when the police arrived and shut his Maspeth station down, he would have been able to continue filling up cars for about another hour.
Middle Village resident Sal Joseph Crifasi had been waiting on the line for around an hour and a half. He had been to 15 gas stations on Tuesday morning in Glendale and Rigewood, but none had gas.
"I need my car for work and I have a wedding this weekend," Crifasi said.
When the police arrived to shut down the station, Crifasi was four cars away from filling up. He simply threw his hands up in the air, "I knew it," he said.


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Helen Thomas will always be a hero to me. None of that "shero" stuff. You're either a hero or you're not, no special designation if you're a woman. Helen was a reporter, not a reportrix or a reportress. A reporter, a journalist. A real journalist.
Helen Thomas covered 10 — count 'em — 10 presidents. She questioned John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, all with the same sharp, penetrating style that made presidents and press secretaries alike uncomfortable because an honest answer might seem very impolitic.
You always ask tough questions, tough questions not in the sense of being unfair, but hard to generalize the answers.
— Nixon to Thomas
She was an unabashed liberal, on more than one occasion saying that she didn't understand how a reporter could not be, seeing what they see first hand.
What's a liberal? I care about the poor, the sick, and the maimed. I care whether we go to war for unjust causes. I care whether we shoot people who are innocent.
— Helen Thomas
Liberal, but not a partisan. If you think Helen Thomas only tossed hardball questions at Republican presidents, go check out a few news conferences with Bill Clinton or Lyndon Johnson, and Jackie Kennedy called her a harpy. She did think GWB was the worst president ever. Dunno if she was justified in saying that because she was only a reporter for 70 years, not the full 200+ we've had presidents. She kept asking the questions the rest of the press failed to ask about the Iraq war, and it cost her that seat on the front row of the briefing room. Colleagues ridiculed her about those questions, called her rude, I'm guessing more because she was asking them and they weren't than anything else.
I don't think there are any rude questions.
— Helen Thomas
But her career certainly crashed and burned when she told a rabbi with a video camera that Jews in Israel ought to "get the hell out of Palestine" and go back to where they came from, like Poland, Germany and the United States. I'm not justifying that. I don't know what made her say it, what might have been going on right before the encounter with the rabbi. Of Lebanese descent, Helen was uncompromisingly pro-Palestinian, and she rightfully complained that in the US government, it is just not allowed to criticize Israel. But those statements … ouch. Pretty low, really shocking.
Helen's last job was a weekly column for the Falls Church (Virginia) News-Press, a humble ending to an illustrious career. She had been among the handful of female reporters who forced the National Press Club to let them attend their newsmakers luncheons in 1956 (albeit in a balcony, barred from asking questions) and kept at it until the club finally, in 1971, allowed women as members. She broke gender barriers at the White House Correspondents Association and the Gridiron Club, too, and was the only print reporter to accompany Richard Nixon to China.
With her death goes the last link to a White House Press Corps with integrity and audacity. Yeah, it's not audacious for a conservative blog to send a high school junior to a White House press briefing to ask if the president was leaving George Zimmerman and his family "on their own" against death threats. That's, in the words of press secretary Jay Carney, "ridiculous." If you need it spelled out — which apparently Gabe Finger, whose twitter handle is "@GabeemtheFinger," needed — that would be local law enforcement's responsibility.
Just angered Obama's press secretary. Word.
— Gabe Finger (@GabeemtheFinger) July 17, 2013
Helen Thomas never would have asked such a question, and certainly wouldn't have sent out such a tweet. She didn't even have a Twitter account, and if she had, I'm pretty damn sure her handle wouldn't have been something akin to @HelenAHandBasket or @HelenWheels. But that's what inside the Beltway "journalism" has become, I'm afraid — stuck in those high school moments, although most of them, at least, have the sense not to get sophomorically cute with their Twitter names.
Helen probably wouldn't have been asking about Zimmerman at all, and she certainly wouldn't have flogged Benghazi and the IRS long after those "scandals" were shown to be nothing more than right wing talking points. But she would have asked the questions that needed asking, over and over again until she got an answer, until she got the truth.
The truth, rather than an agenda, should be the goal of a free press.
— Helen Thomas
Helen Thomas, Kentucky-born to Lebanese immigrants and Detroit-raised, died Saturday at her home in Washington. She was 92. We may never see the likes of her again, and I'm sure there are plenty who hope that's true. I'm not one of them. We need more Helen Thomases, and soon.
KC Wildmoon
KC Wildmoon is an accidental journalist who never even bothered to finish school since her accounting major was incredibly boring. Instead, she opted for being a minor rock star and annoying as many government officials as possible on a regular basis. After 16 years at CNN, she's now doing forensic journalism for Ireland-based Storyful.


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The cyber-attacks carried out by Syria last week were much more broad than initially reported, and they amounted to a warning shot of the retaliation the U.S. could expect if it should attack. Subsequent attacks would most likely go after U.S. infrastructure, and given how fragile it is and the likelihood Iran or North Korea would help out, the result could be massive.
As I write this, the U.S. has deployed a battle group to Syria in preparation for a missile strike against the government there, and Russia has deployed what appears to be a counter force. What most seem not to be factoring in is that Syria has already fired its warning shot with attacks on Twitter and The New York Times, at least.
I say "at least," because reporting of attacks isn't comprehensive, and other attempts may have failed, so Syria's first strike may have been far larger than initially reported.(Download)
The U.S. has a tendency to overreact, and it is clear there's insufficient preparation for the infrastructure collapse that could occur when Syria responds to a missile attack -- and Russia exists as a wild card that could cause the conflict to spread rapidly out of control.
It's been common knowledge for some time that the U.S. infrastructure is vulnerable to outside attack and that governments like Syria and China have been probing it and probably know exactly where and how to do the most damage. There's a very real likelihood that this time the U.S. won't go unscathed, and it may be prudent to have a plan in place should things go very, very wrong. Details


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WWUH will once again bring live jazz broadcasts to the 91.3 FM airwaves this summer when the Monday Night Jazz Series resumes in Hartford's Bushnell Park on July 5. Broadcasts will begin at 6 p.m. and continue through the end of each concert, usually between 9:15 and 9:30 p.m.
The Hartford Jazz Society, sponsor of the free outdoor series, is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. For details about the longest-running nonprofit jazz society in the U.S., visit their web site at hartfordjazzsociety.com.
Stay tuned to WWUH radio for further information about the Monday Night Jazz Series and about live broadcasts of each concert.
The 2010 Bushnell Park Jazz Concert Series schedule is as follows:
July 5
Opening act: Mixashawn Trio
Headliner: Eric Reed Trio
July 12
Opening act: Fela Kuti Tribute Band
Headliner: Nat Reeves All Stars
July 19
Opening act: Espada
Headliner: Roland Matias & the Afro-Caribbean All Stars
July 26
Opening act: Brandee Younger Trio
Headliner: Carolyn Leonhart - Wayne Escoffery Quintet
August 2
Opening act: New Directions Jazz Ensemble
Headliner: Greg Osby Group


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Edinburgh is the capital and the cultural center of Scotland. Thanks to its acropolis it's often called the "Athens of the north", but the beautiful city has much more to offer. Both the densely populated old town and the Georgian new town have great charm and are certainly worth a visit.
The absolute top attraction is definitely Edinburgh Castle, located on Castle Rock. It dominates the skyline of the city and attracts more than 3 million visitors every year who visit the castle's Royal Palace, the St. Margaret's Chapel and one of the several shops and restaurants.
Edinburgh is also well known for its festivals. The first one of the year already takes place on New Year where the Scottish celebrate Hogmanay and it continues all year long with festivals like the Edinburgh Military Tattoo and the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival.
For more information, visit www.visitscotland.com


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I got stumped by a seemingly easy request this week. One of our Educational Technology teachers and I have been spending time finding a flashcard app that:
1. Allows for large images
2. Allows for lots of text on the other side of the card
3. Can be emailed or shared to small groups or individuals
4. Can be made on computer cloud version
5. Deck can be downloaded to study on an iPad without wifi
6. Can "shuffle" the deck of flashcards, mark ones that are difficult, exclude the learned ones, and other fun learning capabilities like that.
I have tried out a bunch of great tools, but none so far can do all of the above. This is for an Art History teacher who wants to put ARTstor images on one side and all the notes about the piece on the other (here is my Intro to ARTstor LibGuide). You would think this would be easy to find, but all the ones I have tried so far are missing crucial elements. The best cards are on Gflashcards, but the sharing is limited because of ARTstor's understandable Terms of Use.
Do you know of one that works for all of these criteria? Please share!


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By Derinda Kuehn Stickel
The bride dance is a tradition here in eastern Montana among people of German-Russian descent and others, too. I don't think it is money grubbing at all because it is usually only a few dollars involved.
A tradition from my North Dakota and South Dakota relatives is for an older member of the bride's or groom's family to smash a plate on the floor during the dinner or recption and declare loudly enough for everyone to hear, "Hochzeit!" which, as you probably know, means "Wedding." I don't know the origins of the tradition, but I wish that I would have had it done at my wedding 30 years ago.
Best wishes to your son and his new bride. It is
commendable that they are mindful of tradition.


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Hidden Camera Of An African American Trying TO Get A Job "They Said We Don't Dress Well & We Are Lazy?)(Clip From Black America On How Hard It Is To Get A Job Without Being Stereotyped)
Global Bulletin reports " A black man looking for a job with a hidden camera. " Clip is from CNN's - Black Ameria
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OK, boys and girls. We're in the home stretch now. Just four Chromecasts remaining on our desk, and one of them can be yours today.
We're declaring this "No-hoop Hump Day." To enter to win, just leave a comment on this post. We'll collect 'em through midnight PDT (anything after that won't count) and pick a winner in the morning.
And congrats to the winners of the first two days — Ben in Utah and Ray in Houston! Your Chromecasts are on their way!


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Israel News - Stay Informed, Pray Informed
Israeli start-up Waze, which provides a real-time navigation and traffic report app for smartphones, is reportedly set to turn down a $1 billion dollar acquisition bid by Facebook in order to keep its team in Israel.
With the improved GPS capabilities of newer smartphones like the iPhone and various Android handsets, Waze has seen a huge increase in usage in recent years, and today has an estimated user base of 48 million worldwide.
Waze competes directly with the "Maps" applications provided by Google and Apple, at least when it comes to traffic and road navigation. Most users say that in these situations, Waze manages to far outdo both of the technology giants.
That's what makes Waze a natural acquisition for Facebook, which competes with both Google and Apple on many fronts, but has yet to jump into the GPS-based navigation game.
But, according to American technology website "AllThingsD," talks between the two companies are breaking down. Despite a massive potential payday for the Israeli start-up, the Waze team has reportedly made keeping the bulk of their operations in Israel a red line, while Facebook is presumably insisting that Waze move to its headquarters in California.
Accurate or not, this news is being met with a fair amount of national pride in Israel, where innovative start-ups spring up all the time, but almost always accept a foreign buy-out when it is offered.
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Our work can be divided into two categories. First, the core activities we undertake, promoting the cyclical tree year programme and supporting our volunteer Tree Wardens, bringing our member organisations together to enhance mutual understanding and raising and giving away grant money for tree planting. Find out more about this work in the 'Take Part' section of our website.
Second, responding to changing times: some direct support for practical action, but also work that needs to be done to improve the operating environment and drive trees up the agenda of decision makers on the local, regional and national stage.
Here, you can find information about the second of these work groups. We spearhead campaigns that have been developed in collaboration with our member organisations to seek and make change, to improve specific aspects of the care and understanding of trees, to gather evidence in support of action. All of them rely on the engagement of others to carry our message as far afield as we can reach. The more we can do together, the better for trees and people everywhere.


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Dear Leanne: We are building a new home and in our kitchen, we have the option of traditional doors covering our lower cabinets or drawers. Is there a benefit to one over the other? We will also be considering this for the island as well.
A: Of the many benefits of incorporating drawers in your lower cabinet, the biggest advantage is convenience. Anyone who has had to reach into the dark depths of a crowded cupboard to retrieve an item at the very back will attest to that.
When items such as large pots and pans can be claimed with ease, the users generally applaud this efficiency. Drawers generally work on a nylon wheel-and-glide system.
When you pull the drawer out completely, you have the advantage of seeing all items easily. This motion can also be considered safer as you roll the potentially heavy item to you, so that you can lift it safely.
One thing you need to consider is the construction of the drawer and the maximum weight it can hold. Make sure the sliding mechanism can handle the stress of gliding weight.
Depending on the purpose of the drawer, some bottoms are wire mesh while others are solid wood or MDF (medium density fibre) board.
Wire mesh is generally lighter and easy to manoeuvre, but it holds a lighter maximum load. The solid bases are heavier than the wire before a load is placed on it so make sure your wheels and glides are up for the challenge.
Kitchen cabinet construction has become most innovative over recent years. Another option you may find functional is installing shelves that can be pulled out. While they operate in a similar manner as the drawer, traditional cabinet doors to cover the unit. This allows for a visual balance using doors and drawer fronts for a more appealing look.
You need a similar amount of space regardless of whether you incorporate doors or drawers, each has a similar swing requirement of approximately 35-45cm.
Placement of these doors and drawers make this space efficient. Make sure you have adequate space to manoeuvre when any door or drawer is fully extended. This will be particularly important when you plan out your island.
Dear Leanne: After seeing our gas bill this winter, we are looking at a radiant flooring system when we do our renovations this spring. We hadn't thought about heating our floor, but a friend suggested it and we are seriously considering this option. What should we know about these systems? Are some better than others? Do they really save you money?
A: You are not alone in thinking this has been a particularly long and cold winter, regardless of the province you live in. Radiant flooring is an effective option for managing interior room temperatures.
Traditional heating systems heat the air. Since hot air rises, this is a problem for providing temperature consistency.
Some rooms are typically challenging to feel comfortable in with traditional forced air or radiator-style heating. A particular challenge are vaulted ceiling rooms, spaces over unheated garages and basements that have exposed concrete walls.
Many heat-stealing culprits are lurking in home construction, including the quality and type of insulation used in the walls and the attic as well as the number and size of windows.
Radiant flooring has come a long way from cumbersome steam-heated coils set into concrete. Many companies offer options that are available in a mat system that is compatible with most flooring and can be used effectively in basements as well.
These electric systems heat in what is called "omni-directional" heating. As opposed to the air rising with traditional forced air, the heat radiates throughout the flooring in all directions. Heated air will rise eventually, but radiant flooring is continuously being heated from below so that your feet feel the constant warmth.
Another benefit of radiant flooring systems is that this heat does not dry out the air as much as traditional forced-air systems. This is better for your wood furniture, your plants and your health.
These systems can also be used in conjunction with existing heating. The cost varies by the system and the surface area you want to cover. The idea is that the savings come in future years when you're not using as much gas.
Although it can be used with almost every type of flooring -tile, hardwood or carpet -it is best to consult with a flooring expert. Particularly for wood flooring, it's important to ensure the wood species is compatible with your system. Many products offer do-it-yourself installation instruction, so visit a flooring specialist to get specific information for your renovation needs.
Leanne Brownoff is an Edmonton interior design consultant who welcomes your questions at leannebrownoff.com. Answers will be featured in her column, as high volumes prevent individual e-mail responses. You may follow Brownoff at twitter.com/LeanneBrownoff


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"My country finally owns me!" was the delighted reaction from a high level private sector official to the possibility of a national identity system in Bangladesh. A lot of brain-wracking thought went into the possible economic benefits of such a project.
The sleepless nights of complicated financial analyses and exasperatingly fruitless brainstorming sessions that reach a point when you are not willing to say anything until you find something that will make the rest of them jump on their chairs, make things very difficult sometimes! But, the answer was there, short and simple. Such a refreshing start to an interview for the purpose of identifying the probable benefits to service delivery agencies of having access to a near-immaculate database of citizens, was hardly anticipated.
Rolling out robust, digitized national ID (NID) cards to 100 million citizens over a period of five years is the daunting task ahead for Identification System for Enhancing Access to Services (IDEA) Project. One may argue about the novelty offered by this initiative when Bangladeshi citizens with voting eligibility actually have NIDs since late 2008. A solid counter argument would be the "digitized nature" of the sophisticated NIDs of 'digital Bangladesh', enabling machine readability of biometric citizen information embedded in the card, as a replacement of the paper based, easily faked cards with little printed information and near-alien photos that gave rise to popular groups like "I hate my NID photo" on Facebook!
IDEA got a go-ahead following successful negotiations of the World Bank with the People's Republic of Bangladesh on April 13, 2011. The Bank is financing US$ 195million of the US$ 200 million project that will be executed by the NID Wing of Bangladesh Election Commission, a constitutional body overseeing national elections of the country. Supporting the ecstatic corporate official in the opening paragraph, the NID has already given rise to a feeling of national ownership. In addition, the project aims to enhance delivery of public and private service through appropriate identification of clients and beneficiaries by allowing service agencies access to certain basic citizens' data embedded in the NID.
This is likely to open up doors in terms of tapping into potential areas of opportunity especially for the National Board of Revenue (NBR) that can locate elusive taxpayers and also people maintaining multiple tax identification numbers (TIN) for discrete purposes; Department of Immigration and Passports that can consider cutting down on the layers of verification before a passport is issued; telecommunications operators that are better equipped to identify pre-paid customers so that they are not lost to competitors stripping the operator of the minimum revenue to even reach breakeven following high sales tax; commercial banks who can better identify clients and reduce risk of default and devote more time to customer relationship management and also facilitate m/e-commerce with a means to track fraudulent transactions.
Citizens did get a relief from carrying multiple documents for identity proof as soon as the paper based NIDs were issued in 2008. However, limited information on the existing ID and lack of "fool-proof" safeguards offered by the primitive card remain the evils causing significant duress to citizens whilst seeking to be served even through public resources. IDEA strongly heralds the beginning of a change of culture that will lead towards efficient and effective delivery of public and private service to serve citizens at least in exchange of their tax money. The mutual gain is shared by service delivery agencies in terms of reduced administrative burdens and reduced operating cost at least if not increased revenue. IDEA does not promise to change the nature of public service delivery overnight through a mere digitized national ID card. IDEA is only the initiation of 'baby steps' towards 'Digital Bangladesh' in action.
For more information, check out the Press Release
In a nutshell, what you're
In a nutshell, what you're saying is tantamount to rejecting technological advancements focusing only on a few drawbacks which may or may not affect a particular country's demographic.You cannot blame technology because u don't have the capacity to accommodate, implement and monitor it in a controlled fashion. Yes, digitizing the country (in the wider sense) may not be a top priority for Bangladesh considering the current state of affairs but it can most certainly create a great impact on the tertiary sector and overall economy by creating opportunities and better communication consequently, inviting global business giants into the country. In such a situation, choosing to remain shortsighted and employing an archaic way of life simply cannot be an option for a nation as a whole. Uniform development is a concept best explained in theory; we need to move forward..
Countries like India, Japan,
digization and digital bangladesh
Digital Bangladesh
join us
e-NID cards and e-passports
I found the solution to home
I found the solution to home issues here https://homebuildyourself.wordpress.com


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Caught On Tape: Robber Punches & Smacks Up 2 Subway Girl Employees When She Can't Open The Safe! "I Swear To God. I Can't Open It"
Two Subway employees get smacked around when they have trouble opening the safe
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- 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1/3 cup granulated sugar
- 1 Tblsp. baking powder
- 1/2 cup Quick Cooking Oatmeal
- 1/3 cup melted butter
- 1/3 cup milk
- 1 egg slightly beaten
- 3/4 cup dried fruit (Craisens, Dried Cherries, blueberries, Raisins, etc.)
- 3/4 cup chopped walnuts
- Turn dough out on to a lightly floured board and pat to 3/4 inch thick. Cut into round shapes with a biscuit cutter or use cookie cutters...flowers, HEARTS!
- Place on greased cookie sheet.
- Press dough into a 9" round, greased pie plate or cake pan.
- Pre-cut the wedge-shape pieces with a knife.
- Spritz or dab top of scones with water, sprinkle with sugar.
- Bake at 375 degrees until light golden brown, approx 15 minutes.
- (Cake pan will take at least 20 minutes; a glass pie plate up to 30 minutes.)
Terri's Notes
- These are really easy and great with a salad or for breakfast.
- Chocolate chips and little toffee bits work pretty swell together for add-ins too!
- My favorite-dried cranberries or cherries with white chocolate chips!
- A bit of orange zest is good with cranberries and a hint of cinnamon works well with nuts and raisins. Mmmmmmmmmmmmm!
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If you are looking for a vacation spot abundant with entertainment and short on commercialization, the Outer Banks is just the place. There is no over-development here. It is still a beautiful, laid back place to vacation.
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text:
Sea Scout Ranks
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Revision as of 13:08, October 25, 2007
Sea Scout advancement consists of Apprentice , Ordinary, Able, and Quartermaster. The first rank of Apprentice shows basic marlinspike seamanship skills and water knowledge. To earn Ordinary, the Sea Scout must know how to box a compass, must demonstrate leadership qualities, complete requirements relating to drill, sailing, and engines and complete a tenure of one year in Sea Scouting. For the Able rank, the Sea Scout must demonstrate a complete knowledge of the water, earn the Lifesaving merit badge and must and be able to command fellow Sea Scouts.
The Quartermaster Award is the highest rank attainable by a Sea Scout can earn and is equivalent to Eagle Scout. The Sea Scout must attend at least two thirds of all ship meetings over eighteen months, demonstrate marlinspike seamanship and leadership skills, demonstrate the ability to teach Sea Scouting, complete a community service project and pass a council level board of review. The Quartermaster emblem is a medal consisting of the Sea Scout emblem on a ship's wheel that is suspended from a solid dark blue ribbon that is in turn suspended from a bar bearing the design of a double carrick bend knot.
Program-level awards: Venturing Award • Discovery Award • Pathfinder Award • Summit Award
Expert-level awards: Quest Award • TRUST Award • Ranger Award
Boy Scouting ranks: Advancement for Venturers • Star rank • Life rank • Eagle Scout rank Award


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— Ships from HF: OR, CA, CO, PA, TX, FL USA.


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THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
"A spokesperson for Microsoft said that the problem was not bandwidth but that its SQL Server database had reached excessive fragmentation levels caused by the tremendous surge of queries". Read about it here:
and also here:
Why didn't anyone involved bother to think thru the fact that competitors and various elements of anti-Microsoft factions can make a lot of hay about Microsoft's own product?!?
Just as politicians only ever admit to "wanting to spend more time with family", a technology company shouldn't point to their own product as the culprit of a major technology failure, especially when there are thousands of other reasons that the meltdown might've happened.
What are your thoughts?
Addendum: Thanks to Andy Kelly for pointing out the actual human error behind the website problem. Andy reveals the smoking gun in his post at http://sqlblog.com/blogs/andrew_kelly/archive/2009/05/09/so-the-real-story-is.aspx, which in turn points to the analysis done by my favorite guys on the SQLCAT team. Read their analysis at http://sqlcat.com/faq/archive/2009/05/08/windows2008-r2-beta-download-runs-smoothly-now.aspx.
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Those Marketeers say the darndest things.
Maybe the db should have been on Oracle. Or Access. Or Excel.
Just tell the truth whatever it may be. If it was SQL Server fragmentation, it was SQL Server fragmentation.
Fragmentation is not a failure of the product, it is a failure of the DBAs.
However, Microsoft *Could* make it easier to detect this sort of thing. I think this is a great opportunity to go over to Microsoft Connect and vote on this item:
Include page split information in sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats
Makes me REAL glad that I work on a DB and OS that doesn't have those issues......EVER!!!!
Mark: It's not possible to have a DB or OS that couldn't have this kind of issue. All current database products are similar in this regard.
I'd argue that it's quite possible. The fact some human can go in there to defrag it or run index maintenance regularly to fix the problem is an indication that it can be done automatically. In fact, this is a job much better suited for a program than for a human operator. Furthermore, the disk structure can be made more dynamic so that it constantly maintains itself to avoid the problem entirely without any requirement on regular index maintenance.
It's just a matter of time to see this in a product.
I don't know whether Oracle has it already as I have not looked at Oracle for some time now.
So I'm quite puzzled by the discussions around this incident here and elsewhere that many people are so quick to point out this is not the fault of the product. I'm not saying it is, and it is definitely a human error given what you have in the product. But one can argue that the product can be made better to help reduce the impact of this type of issues, or perhaps the advance in storage technology will soon make this a moot issue at the DBMS level.
It would be nice to know what the real story is behind this. "Excessive fragmentation" does not seem likely in this case.
MSDN Subscribers have to have a Windows Live ID to get into the site. Validating someone's credentials seems like a read-only operation that would be highly cacheable in the middle-tier. Generating and recording license keys, and recording download statistics would generate some writes, but surely not that much.
I have no idea what their architechure or work load is like, so this is pure speculation on my part.
Not a good statement and helps the SQL Server critics, but a typical response to a problem: I use LloydsTSB on-line share dealing service; when the market is busy it usually becomes impossible to make transactions: I complained: Lloyds said that when the market was volatile their system became busy - yes and?
Sorry Adam, but yes it is. Our i5 running DB2/400 has NEVER had a corrupted/too fragmented database issue EVER in 8 + yrs.
Mark: Absence of an example is not proof of its impossibility. Even if we were to poll all DB2/400 users and we found out that NONE of them had ever had a corruption (highly unlikely), it would still not be proof of the impossibility of a corruption occurring sometime in the future.
Linchi: Whether or not there are automatic processes and safeguards in place, we're working in the physical world and problems can and will occur. There is, given current technology, no way to protect against all evils.
Yes, there will always be system failures, human errors, and other evils. But some problems can be mitigated with more robust features. All DBMS vendors are chasing the nirvana of self-healing systems (e.g. self-repairing minor corruption, self-correcting minor hardware deficiencies, and yes self-defraging, etc). After all, as we are scaling forward with Moore's law, we are dedicating more computing cycles to do this type of work to give end user better experience.
In Oracle the need to rebuild fragmented indexes is quite rare (for many years).
This discussion starts out with regard to Oracle 8.1, but applies to modern versions.
There are many other kinds of "fragmentation" that can happen in Oracle. For example, failure to leave enough free space in blocks for row updates that cause of the size of the row to increase can cause rows to "chain", or to have pieces in more that one block. Chained rows can impact performance, but usually not to a great degree. Setting PCTFREE for a table in Oracle too high can leave to much blank space on the block.
Modern versions of Oracle (9i - 11g) do have lots of features (such as auto segment space management, and locally managed tablspaces with auto extent sizing that make table or index fragmentation less likely.
The is also an automatic segment advisor that will send out alerts for tables and indexes that could benefit from a re-organization, and the reorg can be done online.
Were there any details about what kind of fragmentation caused the slowdown for SQL Server with regard to this Windows 7 download incident?
Adam, I'll take corruption once every 10+ years (and not HAVING to re-boot the server in at least a year as opposed to monthly at best for any kind of Windows server
Mark A,
I haven't rebooted my windows SQL Server box in at least 3 years so I don't know what you are talking about. If you need to reboot once a month then maybe you need to have someone take a look at the box itself. I also have a staging box which was not rebooted in 6 years (until someone shut down the whole development cage)
We have plenty of Solaris boxes that needed to be rebooted at least monthly
Scheduled reboots seem to be practiced differently in different places. Some never schedule a reboot unless there is an issue. Others schedule weekly, yes weekly, reboots. Whether or not a server can stay up for months or years depend a lot on what runs on that server. If you have craps running on a server, it doesn't matter what OS it is.
It could be a mixed blessing... :)
If I recall correctly, mozilla's server crashed when they released firefox version 3.0. However, I don't recall whether they laid the blame on a db platform or not.
In another spin, this news serve to tell us that the demand is rising in the MS world...
As many of you heard ( see Kevin's post  http://sqlblog.com/blogs/kevin_kline/archive/2009/05/06/microsoft-marketing-throws-sql-server-under-the-bus.aspx
Yeah, heres the other side of the story...
Database don't get fragmented due to heavy read activity. As seen in the SQLCAT.COM article, the real issue was the growth in load was >500% more than anticipated & they'd sized the systems too small.
Unfortunately very few people take a holistic picture. Most desire to either deflect blame or take credit without thinking of the ramifications. Which is why we often see other stupid behaviour like MS staff, comming in & fixing an issue in hours when a partner has been stuck on it for weeks. Instaed of the giving message "I'm here in conjunction with the partner, backing them up to ensure you get a great experience". Their implicit message becomes "I'm a hero, your partner is an idiot, you should deal directly with Microsoft in the future". Precicely the opposite of what they are goaled on which is growing & supporting our partner ecosystem. But in that brief moment they we basking in their own self importance & lost sightof the big picture.
So someone in IT guessed at the problem (, possibly because they'd seen similar poor perf when they'd not maintained (defragmented) a system in the past) & felt proud that they'd deflected the blame from their team. Doh!
The good news is that Windows 7 performs really well, as does its sibling Windows 2008 R2. The fact that demand & interest is far higher than Microsoft expected is a very good sign.
How interesting.
It is sad that this misinformation spread so quickly. Many people will have concluded that SQL Server cannot handle high volume. The facts of the matter will not change that. Sigh.
@Mark A:
Thank you for posting, I found your comments extremely valuable and insightful. I will be transferring all our data and systems to DB2/400 on an i5 immediately! So nice to finally find hardware and software which is perfect in every way!!!
I'll admit Mark A. didn't contribute much to the discussion. However, is he is correct in saying IBM DB2 for i (way back when called DB2/400) doesn't have issues with fragmentation.
A couple reasons:
We don't have (or need) clustered indexes. Indexes spaces (an internal OS object) are separate from the data spaces.
The entire OS is built around and optimized for what is basically RAID0. The system expects and wants objects to be broken up and scattered around.
As a developer, I don't know a whole lot about the internals of the OS; nor do I need to on the IBM i. I'd hazard a guess I know more than the majority of IBM i developers, but that's the geek in me ;)
If you're interested in the bits & bytes, check out the book "Fortress Rochester - The Inside Story of the IBM iSeries" by Dr. Frank Soltis and/or it's predecessor, "Inside the IBM AS/400" also by Dr. Soltis.
The technology in the IBM i OS is pretty impressive, even more so when you remember that it's been around for 20+ years.
Charles Wilt
I worked with DB2 for some time. I think that it used to have the most intelligent optimizer and some other nice features. Yet as a whole package it did not impress me much - I would not choose it to build a new system even if it were free, IMO it is too inconvenient to work with, too much time would be spent doing mundane tasks.
Were you working with DB2 for i or DB2 for Linux,UNIX, & Windows (LUW)?
While IBM has chosen to name the RDBMS software the same, they are 2 separate products each with its own code base. Thus the reason there can be incompatibilities and missing features/functions between the two. Though IBM has done a pretty good job at minimizing the incompatibilities.
My guess is you're talking about DB2 LUW. For the simple fact that DB2 i has the requires the least amount of "mundane" tasks compared to any other RDBMS.
Exactly what does this SQL Server Database contain?
Its not like its a super market selling a brand of really good Cereal in aisle 27 that everyone was gueuing for since 10 hours before the store opened and then when the door finally came open all 5 million customers headed to aisle everyone trying to grab one of the 500 boxes available thus causing gridlock in the aisle and at the one checkout till operated by someone using the till machine for the first time without training.
And what were these overwhelming queries that caused fragmentation? Are we assuming that before the release was made available that the database was not fragmented and that a surge of download requests caused fragmentation of static data?
Marketeers know absolutely nothing about technology capabalities and get their gob stuck in. Ask one of the Server Engineers or DBA's what went wrong and you would get the truth without the spin.
I think the truth is somewhere in the middle. I have worked with both Oracle and SQL Server and while I agree that in a lot of regards Oracle is a superior product it is also because of their experience.
Let's face it ...Oracle started in 1979 while Microsoft bought Sybase in '89.
In my opinion the first great product they had were Oracle 8 in 1997 and SQL Server 2005 in 2005. Right now Oracle has a stable multi tiered scalable clustered architecture (including app server) whereas Microsoft is still discussing about deployment dates.
Also ... Oracle query optimizer is IMO one of the best in the industry since Oracle 8. Microsoft has finally developed a good (should I say ... comparable)query optimizer in 2008.
So while SQL Server is a good product we should compare apples to apples because IMO Oracle and Microsoft play in different leagues.
Alternating active node and passive node is a best practice ... and that does not count as reboot IMHO.
Setting the fill factor is a feature on all RDBMS And I believe that is overlooked a lot of times especially on SQL Server.
And I totally agree with Cindy: This was human failure!!!
I hope the marketing spokesman was fired for this press release.
DB2 for Linux
Before I jump onto the Goals and Themeword meme started by my buddy, Thomas LaRock ( blog | twitter ),