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Suppose you have two lists of elements, and you are wondering if they contain the same elements. You observe that the lists have the same lengths. You check that every element of the first list exists among the elements of the second list. To complete the process, you must find out if every element of the second list exists among the elements of the first list. Now you stop and think: is it necessary to do this last step? No, it is not because the following theorem exists:
Theorem: If two finite sets have the same number of elements and one set is a subset of the other, the two sets are equal.
Proof: We name the sets A and B, and let A be the subset. We argue by contradiction: We assume that the theorem is false, meaning that A and B are not equal. Since A is a subset of B, there must be an element of B which is not in A because otherwise A and B would be equal. Since B contains A and an element that does not exist in A, the number of elements of B ≥ the number of elements of A + 1. However, this is against the requirement that the number of elements of B = number of elements of A. We have thus arrived at a contradiction and have proved the theorem.
This theorem has some practical benefit. Suppose, for example, that you are considering two lists of file names. They are sorted differently, and you suspect them to contain the same elements. To see that the lists have the same lengths is often easy. To compare them, if the lists have e.g. 3 elements, glancing back and forth between them a few times should be sufficient, but if the lists have 5-6 elements or more, this eye method becomes unreliable and a more systematic method, like one of the two methods indicated above, must be used. However, both of these methods have the weakness that to compare the two lists element by element is often a complicated, tedious, and time-consuming task. It is the amount of time spent comparing the lists that you can use the theorem to reduce.
Last edited by Ivar Sand (2013-01-30 00:33:19)
I majored in Physics in 1976. Also, I studied mathematics and computer science. I work as a computer programmer. I am from Norway.
Hi Ivar Sand;
Welcome to the forum.
In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.
Hi Ivar Sand.
Your problem is a consequence of two problems I set in my exercises thread about a mappings: http://www.mathisfunforum.com/viewtopic.php?id=18790:
Let A and B be finite sets with m and n elements respectively, and suppose :A→B is a mapping. If is injective (one-to-one), then m ≤ n.
Let A and B be finite sets with m and n elements respectively, and suppose :A→B is a mapping. If is surjective (onto), then m ≥ n.
Normally to prove that a mapping is bijective, you have to show that it is both injective and surjective. However, if A and B are finite sets with the same number of elements (i.e. m = n) then the two statements above imply that will be bijective if we can show that it is EITHER injective OR surjective (so we don't have to waste them showing both).
In particular, if A = B, we have exactly the same problem as the theorem you are discussing here. This is because in this case is a mapping from A to itself and so (i) if is injective, A is a subset of B (ii) if is surjective, B is a subset of A.
PS: No-one has had a go at my exercises yet.
bobbym Thanks for your welcome, bobbym. I am glad to be here.
scientia Thanks for your post, scientia. I am not as much familiar with the various kinds of mappings as you are. As you probably have observed, I do not use mappings in my proof, I simply use the fact that if A is a subset of B and B is a subset of A then A and B are identical.
I'll see if I can squeeze my brain into solving one of your exercises.
I majored in Physics in 1976. Also, I studied mathematics and computer science. I work as a computer programmer. I am from Norway.


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My name is William Ricci. I am currently a freshman at Temple University in Philadelphia, PA. I've been studying panoramic photography for nearly a year. I want to travel to secluded areas and record beauty that most people will never see. I'm working to mimic reality as much as possible.
I've recently made a new website dedicated to advertising my real estate photography. I create 360-degree immersive "virtual" tours that put viewers inside the photo. Check out my website and feel free to tell people about it!
I also have a flickr page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jazzmessenger/
and a deviantart page: http://jazzmessenger.deviantart.com/gallery/

subset: commoncrawl


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I keep finding myself pondering government advice, and how we really need more information if the genuine aim of this advice is to change people's behaviour for the better. Take the UK government's advice on drinking alcohol safely, where men are advised to drink no more than 4 units of alcohol a day (so 28 per week, 21 for women). Now, I don't believe for a second that this particular figure is based on anything more than guesswork and the perceived need to provide some (any) figure, but it is useful for illustrating my wider point, which is that with any advice like this, how exactly are the public supposed to translate the number into action? You see, I can think of at least 4 completely plausible interpretations of this 28-units-per-week advice:
- If I drink 28 units per week then I will definitely come to no harm
- If I drink 28 units per week then there is a 95% chance I will come to no harm
- If I drink 28 units per week then there is a 50% chance I will come to no harm
- If I drink any more than 28 units per week I will definitely come to harm
So which is it? This really matters, because each interpretation would lead me to respond in a totally different way. This is something I keep finding myself thinking about with any sort of official advice on behaviour: we need more facts about how the advice is arrived at if we are to make sensible decisions about whether and how to change our behaviour. Or at least I do: others might be happy to follow dogma ;o)
Finally, big cheers to Google. When I searched for "five a day" its top result was "five a day = 5.78703704 × 10-5 hertz". Superb!


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JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Feb. 13, 2014) – Facing the final two-week stretch in its Atlantic Sun Conference regular season schedule, the ETSU men's basketball team will host Florida Gulf Coast Thursday night inside the ETSU/MSHA Athletic Center. Tip is set for 7 p.m.
Still aiming for a home tournament game and currently tied for fourth place in the league standings, the Buccaneers (14-12 overall, 7-6 A-Sun) will have quite a challenge from the first-place Eagles (16-9, 10-2), who are still flying high following their 2013 run to the Sweet 16 and continue to build the hype surrounding "Dunk City."
However, the Bucs were in fact one of the few teams to best the Eagles a year ago, rallying in the second half to beat them by 10 points inside the Dome back on Jan. 12, 2013. ETSU hopes to repeat that type of performance on Thursday.
Fans are also encouraged to bring their children to games this year to take advantage of the special Sweet Frogs $5 kids' ticket during men's basketball games.
For more on this game, read the game notes below or click the game notebook link located to the right. For more on ETSU men's basketball throughout the 2013-14 season, visit ETSUBucs.com and click on the men's hoops link.
We are "ETSU"
The ETSU Department of Intercollegiate Athletics would like to ask both the print and broadcast media to honor our request to be called "ETSU" ... East Tennessee State University in first reference is acceptable, but subsequent references should be ETSU ... On TV graphics please use ETSU ... Our nickname is the Buccaneers, but Bucs is also acceptable.
Buc bits
The ETSU men's basketball program was glad to see the 2012-13 campaign come to an end, following a season which saw the team face multiple obstacles and challenges -- such as a brutal schedule that featured the likes of North Carolina, Arizona, Ole Miss, Virginia Tech, Georgia and Hawaii ... Other issues for the team included senior post Lukas Poderis (Port Richey, Fla.) missing the season with ankle injurythat he suffered in the preseason, senior guard Jarvis Jones (Memphis) being academically ineligible for the first two months of the year, and two other senior guards who were expected to be major contributors were dismissed from the team in early November for violations of team rules … This left head coach Murry Bartow and his coaching staff with a young, inexperienced group of underclassmen, several true freshmen, one redshirt freshman and a pair of junior college transfers … Those obstacles proved to be tough to overcome, as the Buccaneers posted a 10-22 record and finished 8-10 in Atlantic Sun Conference play … It was the toughest campaign in Bartow's 10 seasons at ETSU, a tenure that has produced many championships, postseason tournament appearances and 20-win campaigns … In all, Bartow's teams have earned three NCAA Tournament invitations (2004, 2009 and 2010), one NIT appearance (2007), and one CIT berth (2011), and the Bucs have eclipsed 20 wins five times.
The series vs. FGCU
The Bucs lead the all-time series against FGCU 9-4, and were one of the few teams to beat the Eagles a year ago during their historic Sweet 16 season ... That 85-75 victory came inside the Dome back on Jan. 12, 2013 ... However, FGCU has won the last two meetings, which includes a 90-62 win earlier this year at Alico Arena in Fort Myers, Fla.
Last time out vs. FGCU
FORT MYERS, Fla. (Jan. 18, 2014) – Amid an Atlantic Sun Conference road swing through the state of Florida, the ETSU men's basketball team picked a terrible time to struggle offensively. ... Still suffering a hangover after missing several close-range shots in their loss to Stetson on Thursday night, the Buccaneers shot just 29 percent from the field on Saturday night while Florida Gulf Coast looked like the same team that made a run to the Sweet 16 a year ago and dominated from start to finish in a 90-62 win over the Bucs at Alico Arena. ... The Bucs also shot just 30 percent from 3-point range and 59 percent from the foul line in the loss, and only two players reached double figures with junior guard Rashawn Rembert (Tampa, Fla.) and senior forward Kinard Gadsden-Gilliard (Georgetown, S.C.) scoring 18 and 11 points, respectively. ... Meanwhile, the Eagles shot 52 percent from the field, 40 percent from behind the arc, and 75 percent from the foul line en route to the win. ... In the first half, two big runs by the Eagles – a 9-0 spurt early on and a 15-0 surge midway through the half – led to 32-9 lead with 7:41 left before the break. During that span, the Bucs went nearly seven minutes of game play without a field goal, and ended up hitting just two shots over the final 14 minutes of the half to trail 42-22 at the break. ... After the intermission, the Bucs got to within 18 points and 42-24 as a bucket by senior forward Kinard Gadsden-Gilliard (Georgetown, S.C.) opened the half. However, this would be as close as ETSU would get the rest of the way.
Last time out
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Feb. 10, 2014) – When combining the start of both halves Monday night, the ETSU men's basketball team was outscored a combined 29-4 by USC Upstate. It was simply too much to overcome. ... In a battle of two teams that entered the game tied for third place in the Atlantic Sun Conference, the Spartans took advantage of the Buccaneers' slow offensive starts to take sole possession of third place in the league with a 75-63 victory inside the ETSU/MSHA Athletic Center. ... The Bucs got a game-high 26 points from junior guard Jalen Riley (Racine, Wis.) and a double-double with 10 points and 10 rebounds from sophomore forward Lester Wilson (Knoxville). ... ETSU got off to a slow start in the first half, scoring just three points over the first seven minutes of play and falling behind by as many as 10 points. However, a 13-2 ETSU run midway through the half and another 17-7 burst just before the intermission led to a 33-31 halftime lead when an alley-oop slam dunk by Wilson with 28 seconds left capped the scoring. ... After the intermission, the Bucs again struggled, as USC Upstate opened on a 17-4 run and later built a lead of as many as 18 points at 64-46 with six minutes left in the contest. ETSU never recovered from there.
Riley breaks out; continues great "sixth man" play
For weeks, those around the ETSU men's basketball team have argued that junior guard Jalen Riley (Racine, Wis.) may be the best "sixth man" in the league ... Recently, Riley has been proving those people right ... In his last five games -- which includes a career-high, 30-point effort against Lipscomb (2/8) -- the junior guard has eclipsed double digits each time, averaging 19.6 points a game, while shooting 51 percent from the field, 48 percent from 3-point range, and 87 percent at the foul line.
Free throws key to ETSU victories this season
What a difference a year can make ... Last season, the Buccaneers struggled for consistency at the foul line, but this year has been a different story ... The Bucs currently lead the Atlantic Sun Conference with a 74 percent shooting clip from the charity stripe, and their numbers are also good enough to rank 20th in the country in free throws made as of Feb. 9 with 468 ... In fact, earlier this year the Bucs hit a remarkable 32-of-33 free throws in a single game ... In games against NKU and Lipscomb last weke, they were 12-of-13 at the line against NKU (2/6) and then 35-of-41 at the stripe in the win over Lipscomb (2/8).
Resurgent Wilson giving Bucs a lift on offense
Sophomore Lester Wilson (Knoxville) was expected to be a major offensive weapon for the Buccaneers this season, but only recently has the forward made his presence felt ... In three of the Bucs last five games -- from Jan. 25 to Feb. 2 -- Wilson averaged 15.3 points and 4.7 rebounds per game, shooting 54 percent from the field and from 3-point range ... He reached double figures in all three games, despite only reaching double figures once in the previous seven games ... Against USC Upstate, he posted a double-double with 10 points and 10 rebounds ... By comparison, before his recent streak, Wilson had averaged 7.5 points and 2.6 rebounds per game on just 33 percent shooting from the field and 26 percent shooting from 3-point range.
Bartow gets win No. 300 overall and No. 200 at ETSU
ETSU head coach Murry Bartow won his 300th career game on Jan. 4 against Kennesaw State, and captured his 200th win on the ETSU bench on Jan. 25 against Jacksonville ... Bartow is the second winningest coach in program history, behind only legend Madison Brooks' 370 victories for the Blue and Gold. In addition, Bartow's .580 winning percentage also ranks second in the modern era for the Bucs, behind only Alan LeForce's .607 percentage.
Rembert hoping to stay hot as A-Sun schedule begins
Junior guard Rashawn Rembert (Tampa) has made the most of his increased playing time over the last two seasons ... Last season, Rembert ranked fourth in the A-Sun in 3-point field goal percentage at 39.7 percent for the year, and currently ranks third this year with a 43 percent mark ... This year, he has shown a marked improvement in his style of offensive play, and currently leads the team with 15.7 points per contest ... He also is second in the league in made 3-pointers with 2.8 per game ... In fact, his numbers are good enough to rank him nationally in both percentage and total makes from 3-point range (see NCAA list to the left).
Difference between winning and losing for ETSU
Rebounding has been a particular indicator for the Bucs this season when it comes to wins and losses ... The statistics below show the differences for the Bucs is several important categories so far this season.
Statistical category Wins (13-0) Losses (0-12)
ETSU scoring 82.4 PPG....................... 66.4 PPG
Opponent scoring 72.3 PPG........................ 78.6 PPG
Rebounding margin -0.5........................................ -7.7
Shooting % .480.................................... .380
3-pt. shooting % .399................................... .304
Assists 13.0 APG..................... 10.7 APG
Merriweather continues to shine, posts double-double
Freshman guard A.J. Merriweather (Jackson, Tenn.) has certainly made an impression this season, and he continued to make more news with his third career double-double in the win over Kennesaw State (1/4) ... In that game, Merriweather also netted a career high with 19 points, while grabbing 10 rebounds ... His current team ranks are first in rebounding (6.2 rpg), fourth in scoring (10.4 ppg), first in steals (1.4 spg), and third in minutes played (27.0 mpg). ... He followed that effort with a career high 20 points in the loss at Mercer (1/6).
All-around effort by Gadsden-Gilliard impressive
Setting new personal bests with 12 rebounds and six assists in the win over Samford (11/21), senior forward Kinard Gadsden-Gilliard (Georgetown, S.C.) had people thinking "triple-double" when he added an 18-point effort to his statistical line ... The Bucs hope that KGG can make these types of efforts more consistent ... KGG responded to that expectation by putting together a 19-point, seven-rebound and seven-assist outing against Marshall in an 88-78 victory on Nov. 30.
Bucs have tradition of postseason appearances, success
The ETSU men's basketball team has enjoyed its share of postseason success and ranks as one of the nation's most prestigious basketball programs ... The Buccaneers have earned berths to the NCAA Tournament nine times (1969, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010) and NIT twice (1983, 2007) ... In 2011, the Bucs made their first ever appearance in the CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament, winning twice and advancing to the semifinals of that event ... It was the program's 12th postseason tournament appearance all-time.
Three-point streak for Bucs dates back nearly 20 years
Since Feb. 16, 1987 in a game against Davidson, the Bucs have made at least one 3-pointer in 820 consecutive games. ... ETSU was 0-for-8 in that 1987 game. ... The Bucs currently rank as the 7th longest streak in the NCAA, just behind Arkansas and ahead of Oakland.
Shuffling starters was the "new normal" for Bucs
Last season, ETSU head coach Murry Bartow used 17 different starting lineups in the team's 33 games ... Injuries and dismissals left ETSU's coaches searching for the right combination all season. ... Bartow hoped to find more stability with his rotation in 2013-14, but he had used five different starting lineups in the first five games of the year. ... Since that time, he has played with the same starting lineup in 19 of the last 21 games, with the team going 12-7 in those contests.
ETSU picked among nation's best "Prestige" programs
In the modern era for NCAA Division I-A basketball – marked by the expansion of the NCAA Tournament field to 64 teams in 1984-85 – the ETSU men's basketball program ranks in the Top 30 percent of the 300 programs that were eligible for the postseason at that time, this according to ESPN.com's "Prestige" ranking released back in 2008 ... Since that time, the Bucs have only added to their list of prestigious honors … The Bucs -- who have enjoyed nine NCAA trips, one NIT and one CIT berth, 14 20-win seasons, and a slew of conference regular season and tournament championships since 1984-85 -- ranked tied for 82nd out of 300 teams, meaning they were in the Top 27 percent of schools making the list. ETSU was ranked ahead of every current Atlantic Sun team, as well as former SoCon rivals Appalachian State, Western Carolina, Georgia Southern and UNC Greensboro. … In addition, at that time the Bucs ranked ahead of SEC schools such as Tennessee, Vanderbilt, South Carolina, Mississippi State, Georgia, Mississippi and Auburn, as well as programs such as Notre Dame, DePaul, Bradley, Clemson and Fla. State.


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Release date: April 18 , 2006
Computer certification course offers career options
PLAINVIEW – The Community Classroom at Wayland Baptist University will offer the first of two courses preparing individuals for careers as computer technicians in the summer of 2006.
"A+ Hardware Certification" will be offered beginning Saturday, June 3, running five Saturdays in June and July from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the Community Classroom, located at 708 Yonkers. Subsequent class sessions will be set during the initial session. The second A+ course will be held in fall 2006.
During the class, participants will learn the skills to maintain and repair personal computers, presented in a lecture and computer-based training and practice testing format. Sam Van Hoose, assistant professor of business administration at Wayland, will be the instructor for the class.
Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of PC hardware support, electricity and power systems, CPUs and motherboards, BIOS, memory systems, bus structures, expansion cards, data storage devices, removable drives, printers, portable computers and devices, safety procedures and connecting, networking, maintaining and troubleshooting personal computers.
The class is open to any individual age 16 or older with a familiarity with a computer, keyboard and mouse. Students should possess a general working knowledge of Windows XP operating system.
Cost for the certification course is $400, plus textbook. The text, CompTIA A+ Certification Core Hardware, is available to order for $87 through the Wayland University Store. Registration and payment is due by May 26.
Certification in each course is completed by passing an A+ certification test which costs $153. Students must register online for the test after completing the course.
For more information on the class, call Debbie Stennett at 291-3650.


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Wednesday, August 11, 2010
Should I use black?
There has been a school of thought that said black should be excluded from the palette. But a lot of great painters have used it. I do have black on my palette but I could live without it and I don't use a lot. Following are my thoughts on the subject.
The most common black is Ivory black but recently there have been a lot of favorable things said about mars black, a relatively new color. Mars colors are oxides of iron made by earthly industry and not actually of extraterrestrial origin. I have tried mars black and thought it was too inky and returned to the ivory black, but I may experiment with it more as it gets high marks for permanence. Ivory black is not an ideal color. It sucks up a lot of oil and can cause some problems in drying. But I like it and am used to it.
There are several arguments against the use of black. Less experienced painters like to make their shadow notes by adding black to the local color of the object they are painting. This is a dreadful practice.The shadow color is not a dark version of the lights, it is its own color and must be either observed or formulated on its own. Also painting your shadows with black precludes controlling the temperature of your shadow, and that's important. Black will make your shadows dead. Black kills luminosity. Teachers got so tired of seeing students do this that they insisted on removing black from the students palettes to force them to mix the colors of the shadows chromatically. If you are not an experienced painter I think this is certainly good advice.
There are a number of ways to make a DARK note. Viridian and alizirin makes squids ink. Burnt sienna and ultramarine makes a nice dark also. Red, yellow and blue, mixed together is the definition of black, it is the presence of all colors, white is the absence of color. (in pigments, light is a different game) so if you are using a three color palette that will make your darkest value.
I use black because it is handy, I think of it as just another pigment on my palette but it has an interesting property, it will drop the value of a color without affecting its temperature much. I also like to use a red hot version of black for my darkest accents. Black can be used to make a lot of grays but I always throw something else in there too so as not to have a dead color and to vary my different grays. I also like to sneak black into skies. The old masters often worked without a blue, they had few of them and they were expensive, If a landscape is warm as so many of the old ones are, by contrast a sky made with black will look blue by contrast. I often sneak black into my skies because it looks just slightly blue. I will "break " it very thinly over a sky I have painted with full color just to tone it down a bit.
Black can also be used to get a pearly look. There is a peculiar effect it has when mixed with white and used in a high key. I think Corot did a lot of that. Greens can also be mixed with black or other greens neutralized with it. It is always handy to have an additional way to make greens, particularly those that are not chartreuse and poisonous. Black tends to make olive colors.
So my advice is, unless you are an experienced painter learn to mix all of your colors from a chromatic palette. If you have built enough expertise to keep it in check and use black judiciously it is a handy pigment to have around.
22 comments:
- willek said...
Very useful and informative, Stape. Thanks. You are really hitting your stride lately.
Ivory has a bias toward blue and I think if it as a very dirty blue when mixing it, what of the other blacks?
- August 11, 2010 at 8:21 AM
- T Arthur Smith said...
thank you for this advice! If I had a good printer I'd print more of your quotes for the studio. When I get back to school this fall...
- August 11, 2010 at 9:39 AM
- Steve Baker said...
I use black and I use raw umber. I use them as colors themselves when mixing and I use them as modifiers to knock down chroma, black for cool and umber for warm colors. I can and do use compliments for this as well, it depends on the situation. I think your right that a lot of the prejudice against black has to do with something someones teacher told them when they over used it and then that became thought of as important to how they work. I think to insist on not using it is to admit not being able to use it wisely, a matter of self control. Like most things it is fine in moderation.
- August 11, 2010 at 10:22 AM
- Ct said...
Great advise. Black does have its uses and for me it is when you need just the right shade of grey. Thanks for all your input and advise.
Its good to hear an artist not tear black completely apart.
- August 11, 2010 at 1:00 PM
- alotter said...
I use black when my subject is actually black. The very first time I ever used black was when I painted my black tuxedo cat posed next to a snow bank on a "black" street. I used no black on the street or in the bank, but the black portions of the cat were almost flat black. Almost flat, so that the small shadings around the white bib look very important. Still love that painting.
- August 11, 2010 at 1:47 PM
- Durinda Cheek, Director said...
If I recall, my teachers told us not to use black because the Impressionists didn't. I wondered how old Manet and Renoir got away with it? ;)
I love using it in a limited palette like you said, Stape, for the blues and mixed with yellow for the greens. Lately, I have been playing with Chromatic Black (Gamblin). If you try it, let us know what you think, please.
- August 11, 2010 at 2:07 PM
- Philip Koch said...
I have a theory that black oil paint was invented by the art devil. At least when I try to use it.
Despite years of psychotherapy, the voice of my old first art teacher warning against it rings in my ears. I get off balance and screw up.
It's funny, as I can mix those beautiful pearly light value off whites with it and as long as they stay on my palette I'm fine. It's in the transporting them to the canvas that something goes haywire. More seriously, I think black is fine for other EXPERIENCED painters. Me, I'll stay over in the mixing complements together department.
- August 11, 2010 at 2:43 PM
- jeff said...
I love black and use it all the time.
Sometimes I mix permanent crimson into it and sometimes ultramarine blue and on others all three.
I use a lot gray scales when I paint and I mix them from black and white and a little umbra.
I also use Lamp black which is a very nice black. As well Black German earth which is now discontinued from Williamsburg paint
- August 11, 2010 at 4:10 PM
- Bill said...
Stapleton, your blog is really a treasure. It's helping my painting, and I can't tell you how much I appreciate it.
On the subject of black, here's something worth trying that I learned from lurking on the Rational Painting group: mix black with a small amount of burnt umber to neutralize its cool characteristic. Then, mix a string of values of this with increasing amounts of white (at first with very small amounts, then gradually with larger amounts to get roughly equal "steps"). This gives you a range of neutral grays. Take another color (ultramarine, cadmium red, whatever) and mix a string of values of that with increasing amounts of white. Then, mix the corresponding value gray with the corresponding value color in varying amounts to knock down the chroma of your color as needed. It's a little tedious, but it seems to work very well. By using the corresponding value gray, you can lower the chroma of a given color without changing its value.
Painting some "scales" of color values and chromas on cheap canvases and paper with this system has taught me a lot about color/value/chroma in the past year. In practice when I'm actually painting I don't tend to work in such a systematic way, but the experience of playing with that system has helped me reach the color, value, and chroma I'm looking for a lot more quickly, even when I'm not using black.
- August 11, 2010 at 6:08 PM
- 于庭吳 said...
More haste, less speed..................................................................
- August 11, 2010 at 7:18 PM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
I like the blue bias in Ivory black.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:17 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
T. Arthur. You should copy it out longhand!
- August 12, 2010 at 2:18 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
That sounds like a good method.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:19 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
- August 12, 2010 at 2:19 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
I have a black cat too, but he is actually ultramarine and quinacridone stepped on with a little ocher with some cobalt blue in his highlights.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:21 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
I notice Gamblin was making that. I guess I should try it.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:21 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
That is OK mix compliments. I don't care.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:22 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
I have used lamp black, but Ivory seems to work for me. Have you tried the chromatic black mentioned above?
- August 12, 2010 at 2:23 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
You are mixing strings of tones. I should write about tints and tones I guess. Maybe I have and forgot.
- August 12, 2010 at 2:25 AM
- Stapleton Kearns said...
OK, will do!
- August 12, 2010 at 2:26 AM
I agree 100%! I advise my students who are new to painting not to put black on their palette, I don't regularly use it on mine except on rare occasions as you suggest. Ultramarine & burnt umber or sometimes burnt sienna make a wonderful dark, I use that combo frequently.
- August 13, 2010 at 10:31 AM
- jeff said...
I suppose I do use a somewhat chromatic black as I mix blues and reds into it. I mostly use Ivory as well. As I said I add Ultramarine and Permanent Crimson to black.
Using black takes a lot of practice and I think all painters should learn to use it with every color on their palette. You can do this by mixing it by different percentages. 10%, 20%, 30% and so on. Do the same with white.
It's a good exercise. The painter Richard Schmid does something like this with all the colors on his palette but he does it with all the colors on the palette not just white and black.
I mix a string of grays as Bill described.
I can see however not needing black in the field, but I like the color myself. Most blacks are in the blue family so it is a color.
- August 13, 2010 at 5:55 PM


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There are a variety of office blinds and shades conducive to creating a comfortable and productive office space, whether at home or in a high rise. Shutters and wood blinds are classic office window treatment options that work well to let in natural light, but also have slats that may be tilted for optimum light control. Solar screens reduce incoming glare while maintaining the view to the outside and cellular shades provide privacy while allowing light to filter in or be blocked out, depending on the selected opacity.
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This decorated dress sword and scabbard belonged to Rear Admiral Francis J. Higginson (1843-1931) of Deerfield, Massachusetts, at the turn of the 20th century. Higginson was in the Navy for both the Civil War(1861-1865) and the Spanish-American War (1898). In the 1880's the navy was modernized and this included building new steam driven ships. Higginson was the first captain of the Massachusetts, one of America's first battleships. He commanded the Massachusetts during the Spanish-American War in 1898.
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I first met Lenny Hensgens on a very cold, fall morning in Lafayette, La., in the early-1990s. He rapped gently on my hotel door at 6 a.m. He was a big, friendly fellow and possessed a bone-crunching handshake that I was still feeling an hour later.
I was there to write a story on Lenny's duck-hunting extravaganza and rice farm in Louisiana, but Lenny had his own plans. Before granting me an interview, he introduced me to a slice of Louisiana life — from crawfish etouffee and frog legs to riding through duck habitat on a four-wheeler in the freezing cold.
One year, Lenny invited Arlie Bowling, the former executive vice-president of the Rice Foundation, and me out for a duck hunt. Lenny was so excited to have us at his duck cabin on the property. The night before the hunt, he served us duck gumbo for supper, offered up Wild Turkey for a nightcap and the next morning, Arlie and I received personalized wake-up calls at 4:30 in the morning — via Lenny parading through the cabin blowing on a duck call.
Lenny loved to farm rice. But he loved to talk it too. He was a spokesman for the industry and worked hard to protect it. He chaired the USA Rice Council, the Louisiana Rice Promotion Board, and the Louisiana state committee of the Farm Service Administration.
USA Rice Federation chairman Al Montna said, "Lenny was one of the first leaders I met in the 1980s when I became involved in rice leadership activities, and his contributions to the industry and actions on its behalf have left a lasting mark."
Lenny knew rice policy as well as anyone. That's because Lenny's knowledge came from his deep affection for all rice farmers. With Lenny, you always knew what you were getting.
Lenny died Sunday, Jan. 27, 2008. He was 78 years old. I knew something was wrong when I hadn't seen him at the USA Rice Outlook Conference in a couple of years. He loved rubbing elbows with his fellow rice producers almost as much as he did sitting in a duck blind.
The last time I talked to Lenny, I asked him about his rice crop, his 54th. "We had a pretty good crop, but the prices were down so much that it was not a profitable year," he said. "Because of the high input costs, fertilizer and diesel fuel, rice farmers are really having a problem showing a profit."
Lenny lived long enough to see rice prices soar again. Let's hope he's talking to someone about getting some good rice growing weather this season.
Lenny is survived by his wife of 57 years, Sarah Smith Hensgens of Crowley; two daughters, five grandchildren, a sister and two brothers.
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I've only seen one other poster here who identified themselves as a gladiator level pvp'er, so even though this post is already filled with comments I still feel I can offer a distinct take on things. Also, as an additional disclaimer I will add that for entirely selfish reasons I am emotionally biased towards rating requirements for gear. Goddamnit getting gladiator skills took a long time and I want more tangible rewards besides just obtaining gear faster and a sweet title/mount!
Looking over Coriel's post, I see a couple of basic points that I would like to lay out before I respond to them:
Premise 1: Hope for achievement drives players (duh).
Premise 2: Hope is more important de jure than de facto. In other words, theoretically possible hopes motivate players more than practically possible hopes.
Conclusion: Rating requirements are inherently discouraging, even to those who won't get enough non-rating-required gear to the point where the only gear remaining has rating requirements.
Premise 2 is the weak one I feel, for the following reasons.
First off, I don't see any evidence for your de jure progression theory. You make an effective analogy with raiding, but there's no evidence offered that that is the case with raiding. It's like you cited something faulty in a scientific paper without checking the source. Back when I raided casual at 60 with a guild that was lucky to kill Nefarian before BC came out I doubt I would've cared two shits if Naxxramas had had some kind of blocking requirement for entry. I was worried about the present instance, along with the rest of my guild. Your claim was that de jure impediments demoralize people even if they have no plausible tangible harm, but I don't see any reason for that, and I don't buy that even pvp'ers who will never find themselves in a situation where their access to gear is limited only by personal rating will still be significantly demoralized by the rating requirements on gear. After all, the lower your personal rating, the slower you earn gear, which I know you understand: "In reality, of course, a casual PvPer is not likely to earn all the pieces of S4 before WotLK. But again, what is likely is not as important as what is possible."
Second off, I dont think it was accidental that rating requirements reached their apex for BC in the final season. For each day that elapses in this final arena season of BC players will care less and less about season 4 gear as lich king draws nearer.
Also, since I'm all about the empirical evidence, it's worth noting that more teams participated in 3v3 in my battlegroup in season 3 than season 2. Almost 40% more, in fact ( Arena Junkies; WoW Armory: Cyclone Battlegroup)
It doesn't seem that the 1850/2000 rating requirements significantly lowered (in one casual pvp'ers words) the "popularity" of arena from S2 to S3. After all, players have been "blocked" in arena from the start, given the stern title requirements since Season 1. Obviously, gear>titles for most people, but it's worth pointing out.
I should have introduced the concept of "Being on the Path" earlier, rather than attempting to force that one article to do double duty. I actually came up with it a long time ago, back in the pre-TBC days, just never really blogged about it. If you look at Casual vs Raider, Part VI, written in Jan 2007, you'll see the same idea echoed.
Essentially, I was looking at the introduction of Naxxramas, and the great flamewars on the forums between the casuals and the hardcore. One thing that struck me was the lower raid guilds, the ones in MC and BWL, sided with the high-end guilds, instead of the casual players who wanted Blizzard to spend more time on regular 5-man and lower content. This seemed odd to me, as the MC/BWL guilds had practically no chance of seeing very much of Naxx, and would have benefited much more from new 5-man dungeons instead of a new raid instance.
From the practical standpoint of who would actually experience the content, the split should have occurred between the AQ40 top-end guilds vs the MC/BWL/non-raiders. Yet the actual split was between those who could raid, and who could not raid; those who were on the path, and those who were not.
I can't really cite scientific proof of any of this. I don't have access to any real data. All I can offer is my observations and my experiences, and my theories and explanations. This is punditry, not science.
But the concept of Being on the Path is why I've usually concentrated my suggestions on ways to get more guilds raiding. To me, making it easier for guilds to raid is a much better use of resources than making additional 5-mans or even additional raid instances. That transition from normal guild to raiding guild is the most crucial transition in the game, and something which could use a lot more attention.
Premise 2: Hope is more important de jure than de facto. In other words, theoretically possible hopes motivate players more than practically possible hopes.
Premise 2 is not exactly how I would word it. I would invert it. Hopelessness (or the impossibility of doing something) de jure is worse than hopelessness de facto. Knowing that something is guaranteed to be impossible for you is a lot more demoralizing than knowing that something is most likely not possible.
Now, I don't know if this will really result in less people playing season 4. S3 was different in that most of the armor could be obtained. Yeah a couple pieces were out of reach, but you could still get most of S3. I felt it still came doing on the de facto side. As well, coming later means that more people hit 70 and started PvPing for gear. Not to mention that S3 pushed PvP into T6 territory, ahead of the vast majority of raiders, who were still stuck in T5 content (Vashj/Kael). All that combines into more people playing S3 than S2.
S4 is different. All the pieces have requirements on them, all of which are higher than the average. That immediately guarantees that at least 50% of the audience will not be able to get any of S4. However, PvP doesn't really require a lot of time or organization. It's pretty easy to just do your 10 games and go. So even if people aren't happy about the S4 requirements, they may still put in their 10 games. Some improvement is better than none, especially if the time cost is minimal.
If PvP actually required a significant time cost--like raiding does--I would expect participation to diminish sharply. However, because the time cost is so low, I'm not sure what will happen. I do think the rating requirements will diminish enthusiasm for PvP, and satisfaction with the game. But that is hard to measure and hard to see, and whether that translate into diminished participation or subscriptions is an open question.


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Aboorvaas (M) Sdn. Bhd. was incorporated under the Registrar Of Companies on 18″' day of October, 1997. The main purpose of incorporating the above company was to expand and diversify the existing business run under Aboorvass Gems & Jewellers which was registered under Registrar Of Businesses on 16th July, 1991.


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disprin12 messages in this subject.
|How does one use the paracetamol method. Do you cut the medicine so that its exposed or just rub the ulcers with the complete tablet.
|RM 10 September 17
|Hi I have mouth ulcers for five days now,tried everything salt,baking powder,coconut oil nothing works.
|Curtis 4 November 16
|Disolve a disprin or asprin on your ulcers, it realy works!!!
|fiona 5 March 07
|Some soluble aspirins actually use SLS to help them break up when added to water... further irritation for something that is already very irritating.
|Dom Walton 22 August 05
|Used to find a quarter of a Disprin very effective at relieving pain (the hard edges soften quite quickly in contact with saliva), but stopped using it when I realised that it was actually breaking down the skin surrounding the ulcer, thereby making it even bigger!
|Sarah B 22 August 05
|There is no doubt that Disprin relieves the pain. Best is to spit the disprin out after letting it dissolve on the ulcer. Pain relief will last about half an hour
|ray 1 September 02
|thanks for the info.
|howard 12 August 02
|Disprin is a brand name for aspirin - although soluble the pills are initially hard, with sharp edges when you break them, not the sort of thing you want to have in contact with an ulcer IMO.
|Dom Walton 12 August 02
|Hey what is disprin? Dom why do you say how about glass or nail?
|howard 11 August 02
|How about a small piece of broken glass, or a rusty nail.
|Dom Walton 27 May 02
|Ive tried much the same thing with paracetamol tablets - quite good if you can get them to stay right on the ulcer - no easy task!
|30 April 02
|I have found that by using a small piece of disprin on the ulcer helps to stop the pain and aids healing.
|Ann Ingham 29 April 02
disprin12 messages in this subject.


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Tim George needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 77 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
Tim George
I am a residential real estate agent in Austin Texas. I am looking for a logo that will be the cornerstone for branding my name. It will be used on everything from my website to business cards and yard signs. The logo should reflect high standards, integrity, reliability, profesional services.
My target audience is high tech professionals, families and real estate investors looking to buy or sell residential real estate in Austin Texas.
The logo will simply consist of my name, Tim George and some type of graphical icon. In some instances under my name I will need to include the word "Realtor" with the trademark R.
I like the web 2.0 feel. A clean, bold, strong brand, that will make a strong and lasting first impression. It should stand out against a white background. Feel free to be creative and take chances in all respects. There are a large number of big name realtors in the area and so I'd like a logo that will stand out and be remembered. Feel free to submit creative ideas. Think OUTSIDE the real estate box. Think non-traditional.
Do not use the color red. I lean towards greens and blues for colors.
Thank you!!
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Masterchef is back on our screens, though in truth it feels as if it has never been away. The previous series seemed to run for months, quite possibly because it did, and the whole brand feels like it's gone a bit stale or even past its sell-by date. The format has been much the same for many years with the same kitchen, the same shouty presenters, the same hyped-up drama and the same catchphrases. Millions have come to love the comforting recipe, but isn't it just a bit too familiar and formulaic now?
Like any successful programme, the BBC has not hesitated to squeeze every last drop of juice (or jus) out of the franchise. In much the same way that The Apprentice has been flogged to death, Masterchef has produced a number of spin-offs, including Celebrity Masterchef and Masterchef: The Professionals. It may be that we have just gorged too much at the Masterchef trough over the last two years, but it's high time that Masterchef found itself a new flavour. They have forgotten a basic kitchen rule – to use fresh ingredients. By the way, if you thing I am over-using the food puns (over-egging the cake, if you will), you should watch the show: if I had a Pound for every awful food-related pun they wheeled out, I would be the proverbial millionaire.
"Before Masterchef, my career was this big"
Celebrity Masterchef was bad enough, though at least it had a clearly defined purpose, namely to kick-start the flagging showbiz careers of a bunch of non-entities and has-beens. Seriously, how many of the "celebrities" did you recognise? This year's winner was Jayne Middlemiss, who those with long memories may recall was once a television and radio presenter. When she was announced as the winner, the look of joy on her face was partly for the pride in her ability to wield a frying pan, but was probably more because her declining career may have been resurrected. Of course, the celebrities are given a far easier ride on the show than Joe Public with the experts generally being as sweet as pie to them, however dreadful their culinary cock-ups.
Conversely, it is difficult to see the point of Masterchef: The Professionals beyond the programme being a hefty schedule filler for the BBC. What do the contestants (who cook for a living) really stand to gain by taking part when they are likely to be ridiculed for their inability to fillet a fish to Michelin Star standards? On the vanilla Masterchef, the contestants embark on the famed reality television journey. As we're reminded ad nauseum, "This competition is going to change somebody's life … forever!"
"One of these men needs a good meal. One doesn't."
The show is not helped by its totally insane scheduling: on Monday we have 2/3 of heat one (30 minutes), with the final third crammed into an hour-long extravaganza on Tuesday that also include heat two; Wednesday features heat three in all its glory (45 minutes); by Thursday we are back to the epics with not one, but two 45 minute shows – heat four and the quarter-final. As the judges often put it, "It's messy, it's confused. There's too much going on on the plate". One of the virtues of Masterchef in the early days was its simple, bite-size nature, but for some reason they've decided to disguise the new schedule as an unwelcoming buffet.
However, this show does indeed deliver us professionals in the form of "legendary double Michelin-starred chef Michel Roux Junior" (to give him his full name, as the tiresome voice-over does every five minutes) and his trusted sous-chef Monica Galetti. Despite weirdly looking like a stranger to a square meal with his spooky death mask, Michel is a TV natural, a completely impartial judge dispensing well-earned praise and justifiable criticism in equal measures. Monica is also very fair and has the rare ability (on this show, at least) to deliver her comments in a complete sentence.
"The Churchill dog"
In the presence of a culinary genius like Michel Roux Junior, regular Masterchef expert and professional baldy Gregg Wallace has become little more than his nodding dog (oh, yes). Once the great man has given his views after tasting the food, Gregg's opinion tends to be "what he said". The relationship is so obviously deferential that Gregg just agrees with the master, though I suppose there is some fun to be found in the way that he manages to twist the words a little in a vain attempt to avoid resembling a big fat parrot:
Roux: I can see what you were trying to do, but it lacks seasoning.
Gregg: It is going in the right direction, but you need to season it more.
Roux: Your skills are there, but you have tried to do too much with flavours.
Gregg: There is just a confusion of flavours going on. You need to tone it down.
Roux: The rabbit is beautifully cooked but it is lacking a sauce. It's screaming out for a jus or something to act as a vehicle for flavour.
Gregg: The flavour of the well-seasoned rabbit is a dream. It's just too dry without a sauce.
Although Masterchef: The Professionals has the better qualified experts, this unfortunately means that we have lost one of TV's funniest double acts: Gregg Wallace shoves his shiny head into each plate like a pig hunting for truffles, while John Torode shouts his head off as if he's advertising Cillit Bang. They may be annoying in many ways, both being overweight, middle-aged men who are way too smug and condescending, but there's no doubt that they have chemistry. There's something about the way they keep bellowing at each other, even when they are in full agreement. When there is actually a difference of opinion over who should go through, John will always win the argument, which might be because he's an actual chef, while Gregg is just a fat bloke who loves jam roly-poly.
"Needs to work on the presentation"
Gregg is (metaphorically) the lightweight, as he is only a greengrocer, though the BBC frequently upgrades his CV, so that at various times he is described as a "vegetable guru", "vegetable expert" and most laughably an "ingredients expert". I'm not sure what that means, but he's certainly not a chef. He may well have supplied cabbage to the country's finest restaurants, but so what? If you work in an off-licence, are you qualified to pontificate on the merits of a Brunello di Montalcino? I have been known to compile a shopping list, but that hardly makes me the next Jamie Oliver. On the other hand, looking at his girth, there's no doubt that Gregg's sampled more than a few dishes in his time.
One unwritten rule of Masterchef is that the presenters are only allowed one mouthful of every dish, so Gregg the Veg has become a master of piling food high on his weapon of mass ingestion. It is a little known fact that he is the proud owner of the world record for balancing the largest amount of Tiramisu on a dessert spoon. This may be why he sticks the spoon (or fork) in his mouth and keeps it in there for what seems an eternity, as if he is also tasting the utensil.
"One of the easier ingredient tests"
On the rare occasions when his mouth isn't full, he will be barking out his tried-and-trusted comments, such as: "I just want to take my shirt off and dive in"; "I could easily lick the plate clean"; and "I'd like to stick my head in this pudding". Whatever he says, it will be at a volume last heard when Murray Walker was putting in a shift, though to be fair to the former commentator he had to compete with the almighty sound of a Formula 1 car. Other times, Gregg eschews the spoken word completely, opting instead for his vast repertoire of grunts and gasps, or grinning manically like the village idiot, usually after scoffing something chocolaty. This is a good move, as whenever he dares to venture off piste, he will put his foot in his mouth (if there's any room), saying something like, "there is mistakes throughout your cooking".
His partner in crime is John Torode, who at least is a chef, running Smiths of Smithfield, though this is arguably only a posh canteen for office workers, specialising in simple food like steak, sandwiches and salads. John is an Aussie, but he's been in the UK so long, that you don't really notice until he says "parsta" with an incredibly irritating long "r". Despite his jowly cheeks, he can't have eaten for weeks before the show, as he also wolfs down the food in the manner of a starving man. He has a little more elegance than Gregg, sizing up the dish with his hooded eyes like a bird of prey, before a quick, neat manoeuvre of unrivalled accuracy. Either John is half-hamster or he does special mouth-stretching exercises, as he has an unbelievable capacity in those chubby cheeks. I swear I once saw him insert an entire pear in his mouth. His critique is usually subtler than his meat and potatoes sidekick, "And you think beetroot and mascarpone go together?"
"Enjoying the salad days"
Of course, the combustible presenters' self-important performance is part of the relentless desire to increase the dramatic tension: "Cooking doesn't get tougher than this!" The frantic, doom-laden music suggests that the contestants are cooking for their lives, rather than the chance to be interviewed by Richard and Judy. Every night the cooks face their "toughest challenge yet", even though it's only 24 hours since we were told that the last challenge was (you've guessed it) their "toughest yet". This is just a little bit over-the-top for a cooking competition: Gregg screaming, "You've got 30 minutes!"; Gregg and John melodramatically pretending to argue about something they decided hours earlier, forever making the "hardest decision they have ever had to make"; the contestants interviewed every 2 minutes for the inevitable emotional outburst; the lame, manufactured cliffhangers, when it's obvious who's going to win/lose. Pass the sick bag, Alice.
The high testosterone levels are part of a general trend among television chefs to portray cooking as a dangerous sport, just in case anyone watching should confuse an interest with balsamic vinegar with being a wuss, but, frankly, what's macho about a couple of fat gourmands piling food into their puffy faces? Monty Python did this much better with Mr. Creosote, but he hardly looked as if he was trying out for the SAS.
"The Cheeky Boys"
Despite the misguided efforts to make the programme more exciting, the actual evaluation of the dishes is somewhat predictable. For every, "that packs in the flavours, but you need to work on the presentation", there will be a "great technique, but needs to deliver more on the flavours". Sometimes, the level of criticism is exceptionally banal, "Mmmm … salad, tuna, broad beans, sweet cherry tomatoes, hard-boiled eggs, olives and anchovies. That's absolutely lovely." Well done, Gregg, you've just successfully listed all the ingredients of a Salade Niçoise, which is indeed the dish we can see on the plate. Or John's trademark, "Your sauce need more oomph" – helpful and constructive to the aspiring chef.
The quality that Masterchef most admires is passion, but the flagrant over-use of the word strips it of any meaning, beyond possibly shorthand for enthusiastic incompetence. In the quarter-final, there's even a "passion test", where the contestants have to demonstrate how much they want this, removing any shred of remaining dignity. If you're wondering, they all want it an awful, awful lot, though the reason they want it appears to be mainly because they "want it". Yes, I know, but there's no requirement that chefs have to be articulate. This is presumably why whenever the competitors are asked a question, any question at all, they will blather incoherently, randomly inserting all of the following words: passionate, honest, rustic, local, hearty, simple ingredients; culminating in the universal, "my dream is to run my own restaurant".
"Runner-up in Bryan Ferry lookalike contest"
For that reason, Masterchef is a programme best viewed on fast forward. In that way, you can skip past the absurdly long intro, when they show tantalising clips of what will be broadcast just minutes later, and the mid-show recap for the mentally deficient. You will also avoid the earnest voice-over, which again repeats what John and Gregg have said seconds earlier, though you absolutely have to watch the tasting sessions, just in case you miss an unintentional comedy gem like, "It's a lovely dish, it's being true to the crab".
Although Masterchef has on the face of it a compelling format, there are many annoying aspects:
- The irrelevance of cooking in a "top London restaurant", where the most embarrassing performance does not make the slightest difference to the final decision. It's almost as if this section is just a plug for the eateries.
- The inconsistency of the judging, particularly where salads are concerned. One moment, it's fresh and bursting with flavour, the next it's a cop out.
- The ubiquitous scallop. How many of these little buggers are left in the sea, given that almost every starter dish will feature a (yawn) scallop?
- The foolish determination to make a chocolate fondant, which invariably ends up looking as if Gregg has sat on the dish. Learn from others' mistakes, people.
- The ingredients test, where contestants have to identify spices, cuts of meat, etc. In other words, they can be eliminated without getting a chance to cook.
- The lack of a hairnet for female celebrities. How would you like your eggs, sir? Liberally dusted with long blonde hairs, please.
- The inevitable foreign trip, usually to somewhere hot and uncomfortable like Mozambique. On the one hand, this is a huge waste of licence payers' money, but on the other hand, we may see Gregg sporting his safari suit like an extra from It Ain't Half Hot Mum.
- The sudden transformation of the chefs. Having been ruthlessly mocked for weeks, out of the blue they become miraculously brilliant (à la X Factor) once they reach the final, "I don't want to go overboard, my friend, but that's one of the best dishes I've ever eaten".
Masterchef was always something of an acquired taste, but now they're really making a meal of it. No matter how much they pump up the volume, cooking doesn't get duller than this.


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As anxieties mount over student loan debt and other financial pressures, more colleges are offering financial literacy classes to arm students with the knowledge they need.
The University of North Texas is taking this one step further. It has been awarded a grant to create a training video to teach financial educators on how to teach financial literacy to young adults with autism.
The school's Student Money Management Center and the new Kristin Farmer Autism Center have joined forces on the project.
The two centers received a $2,500 grant from the Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education, a nonprofit organization dedicated to educating, training, and certifying financial counselors and educators.
The Mary O'Neill Mini-Grant from the association will help pay for script development, filming and post-production costs of a video that will be available for free on the websites of the money management and autism centers.
"Money management is a common denominator in everyone's lives," said Paul Goebel, senior director of the money management center. "With this video, financial literacy professionals from around the country can gain better insight into how to take the topic of financial literacy — as well as the core skills of budgeting — and present it to individuals with autism."
UNT may be blazing a trail.
"To my knowledge, UNT is one of the first universities in the country to specifically address the financial literacy of students with special learning needs using video technology," said Kevin Callahan, executive director of the autism center.
The project is needed.
"Current research indicates that many young men and women on the autism spectrum experience significant challenges with self-management, including navigating their finances successfully," Callahan said.
The goal is to help autistic and other special-needs students attain more independence.
"It's very important that they have a basic concept of finances," said Phoenix Ma, project coordinator at the autism center. "They can benefit from budget planning and every single topic related to finances we want to teach them."
The video is important because the population of autistic students on college campuses is increasing, Callahan said.
"There are certain populations that are often overlooked and those populations are often ones in which individuals have special needs," Goebel said. "Are there ways you adapt curriculum to best address the needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorders? And the answer is yes."
Hopefully the video will clear up misconceptions of how those with autism learn.
"Children or young adults with autism — they might not have eye contact with people," Ma said. "Sometimes the young adult may be struggling in the lecture or workshop setting. People feel like, 'You're not listening to my lecture, you're not respecting me.' But that's not the case. They're just not making eye contact or they just don't actively interact with other people."
What's more, "they may have difficulty processing the information in two hours," Ma said.
"That might be too much for them to take," she said.
The student-produced video, which is expected to be released in May, will be created with the aid of graduate student Eric Izuora, who helped draft the grant application.
UNT students will provide the on-camera and voiceover talent.
"With the help of the autism center, this grant will allow us to consider how we package our services in a way that makes sense not just to people with autism spectrum disorders at UNT, but people at other places of learning and higher education and in the workforce," said Izuora, who's working on a master's degree in public administration.
A goal for all young people is to learn how to live independently, and that's no different for autistic students.
But scam artists also zero in on the most vulnerable members of society, and the UNT video will enable financial educators to arm young autistic students with the knowledge to protect themselves from being ripped off.
That's a worthy undertaking all the way around.
Follow Pamela Yip on Twitter at @pamelayip.


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Easy Crepe Recipes
Crepe Day (La Chandeleur)
Bonjour! Today (February 2nd) is a popular French celebration called La Chandeleur (also known as the Christian holiday, Candlemas). On this day in France, we eat crêpes--a lot of crêpes. And there's nothing easier than preparing the flat "pastries" appreciated by foodies all over the world. I've attached the video on "How to Make Perfect French Crêpes" so you can see how simple the preparation is.
I've gathered many recipes using crêpes; what a great way to kick off the week!
Full Recipe...
How to Make Perfect French Crepes (Video)
Full Recipe...
Crepe Party
Today (February 2nd) is a popular French celebration called La Chandeleur (also known as Christian holiday Candlemas). How do you celebrate it, you ask? You eat crêpes, ton of crêpes.
I prepared 3 large batches of crêpe batter (click the link for the recipe) last night and let the girls toss so they can prepare their own version by laying down multiple filling options on the kitchen counter. Sprinkling crêpes with sugar can be sufficient but is not at all necessary; the possibilities are truly endless. I've gathered a few ideas for you to try. Bon appétit!
Full Recipe...
Banana and Fig Crepe Cake Recipe
Since I'm in Paris, I've been spoiling my little 2-year-old nephew Paul and 4-year-old niece Elise with sweets. It's a great way to bond with them in a short period of time. Crêpes are always fun, so I made a pile for all of us to share, along with various jams, Nutella, honey and powdered sugar. In addition to the individual crêpes, I made mini crêpe cakes, filled with fig and banana jam. To repeat the flavors in the dessert, I topped the cake with freeze-dried banana chips and roasted figs.
The most fun part of the assembly was watching Elise and Paul eating the crêpes as I was making them. Lucky me, I still had enough crêpe batter to finish the dessert. I absolutely adore them!
Full Recipe...
Blueberry Crepe Recipe
As I told you yesterday, I made crêpes as an experiment to see how well they keep in the freezer. Unfortunately, the crêpes haven't been able to make it to leftover status, and here's a big part of the reason why. After making savory crêpes filled with beets and goat cheese, we filled the remaining crêpes with blueberries, vanilla whipped cream and guava sauce. Needless to say, they went fast!
Crêpes are a quick and easy dessert if you can manage to store some in the freezer. If you are looking for a sweet way to end dinner, just pair crêpes with fresh fruits, chocolate sauce, other fruit preserves and whipped cream (or yogurt). You just can't go wrong.
Full Recipe...


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Dan Flynn interview on NRO's Between the Covers
Stupid Is the New Smart—but It Wasn't Always So
Popular culture has divorced itself from the life of the mind. Who has time for great books or deep thought when there is Jersey Shore to watch, a txt 2 respond 2, and World of Warcraft to play?
At the same time, those who pursue the life of the mind have insulated themselves from popular culture. Speaking in insider jargon and writing unread books, intellectuals have locked themselves away in a ghetto of their own creation.
It wasn't always so.
Blue Collar Intellectuals vividly captures a time in the twentieth century when the everyman aspired to high culture and when intellectuals descended from the ivory tower to speak to the everyman. Author Daniel J. Flynn profiles thinkers from working-class backgrounds who played a prominent role in American life by addressing their intellectual work to a mass audience. Blue Collar Intellectuals tells the fascinating story of:
- The unschooled hobo who migrated from skid row anonymity to White House chats with the president and prime-time TV specials.
- The scandalous teacher-student romance that spawned a half-century labor of love in writing the history of the world.
- The Ivy League Ph.D. who held neither a high school nor college degree, and fittingly launched a renaissance in reading the great books outside of formal schools.
- The scholarship student who experienced the free market firsthand waiting tables and peddling socks, and who became one of capitalism's most influential exponents.
- The impoverished outcast who became the "poet of the pulps," elevating millions of readers along with heretofore marginal genres.
Guiding us through a world now vanished, Flynn causes us to look anew at our own digital age and its nostrums: "Video gaming is just a new form of literacy," "Reality shows . . . Challenge our emotional intelligence," and "Who cares if Johnny can't read? The value of books is overstated." Blue Collar Intellectuals shows us how much everyone—intellectual and everyman alike—has suffered from mass culture's crowding out of higher things and the elite's failure to engage the masses.
Additional Information
|ISI Books
|What They're Saying...
"This book is not only an exciting story; it also corrects a terrible cultural mistake‐the mistake of treating high culture, Great Books, and other canon-making visions of tradition as exploitative and spurious. Previous generations of intellectuals believed that our great cultural inheritance belonged to everyone, rich and poor, black and white and brown. Daniel Flynn's profiles revive that belief, and they mark a vital alternative to the complacent relativism of contemporary cultural stewards."
"Flynn's case histories of a wonderful—and uniquely American—tradition of bringing learning to the masses offers us a morality tale in these times of spiraling tuition, esoteric publication, and an insular academia mostly cut off from wider society. The fascinating portraits here remind us how not so long ago an interest in making knowledge known beyond the campus was not antithetical to learning but the very essence of the true intellectual."
"Back in the middle decades of the twentieth century, millions of Americans supped at the table of high culture, learning history, philosophy, and economics from intellectual entrepreneurs like Will and Ariel Durant, Mortimer Adler, and Eric Hoffer. Daniel Flynn tells their story in Blue Collar Intellectuals—and tells us why we miss them today."
"Blue Collar Intellectuals powerfully evokes the lost era when the 'everyman' aspired to higher things and the defenders of high culture spoke and wrote in clear, accessible language. Flynn's deft historical profiles remind us that popular culture and the life of the mind need not be adversaries."
|Eligible for Readers Club Discount


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UA's largest day of service — 'Make A Difference Day'10/25/2013
The ninth annual "Make a Difference Day" at The University of Akron was held Saturday, Oct. 26. Combined with the previous eight years of service, University students have provided opportunities to more than 5,100 volunteers and have dedicated more than 19,500 hours of service to Summit County on this one day of volunteering.
In correlation with the current minimum wage, the service provided by University students on Make a Difference Day amounts to more than $153,000 of volunteer work!
Typical service projects include community clean ups, repairing homes, painting, minor construction, trash clean up, landscaping and much, much more.
A committee of 11 work to plan Make a Difference Day, starting in April, on behalf of the University. The Department of Student Life – Civic Engagement Programs is responsible for the program organization and execution.
Nationally, more than 3 million people participate in Make a Difference Day activities in their own communities, accomplishing thousands of projects in hundreds of towns. UA was proud to support the more than 60 service project sites and 35 local nonprofits that were part of this year's Make a Difference Day.
More than 900 students preregistered to work on Make a Difference Day. They represented 42 student organizations as well as Student Success Classes and residence hall floors that participated as groups. An additional 70 "in-house" student volunteers provided help with internal logistics — check-in, room set-up, day-of logistics, distribution of materials and transportation assistance.
The time, talent, energy and dedication of these students demonstrate how these volunteers are champions of service in our community!
Local sponsors included the Aramark, First Student, Interfraternity Council from the Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, Residence Hall Council/Residence Hall Program Board, UA Parking Services, Akron YMCA, Summa Health Systems and the Chapel.
Here are UA's 2013 partner agencies and nonprofit organizations:
- Akron Dog Park
- Akron Metropolitan Housing Authority
- Akron Rotary Camp
- Akron Summit Community Action, Inc.
- Akron-Canton Regional Foodbank
- Battered Women's Shelter
- Chaff's Foundation Concordia
- Cuyahoga Valley National Park
- Lutheran Church
- First Grace UCC
- Good Samaritan Hunger Center
- Goodwill Industries of Akron
- Habitat for Humanity of Summit County
- Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
- Junior Achievement of North Central Ohio
- Keep Akron Beautiful
- Let's Grow Akron Mobile Meals, Inc.
- My Neighborhood Our Akron
- North Hill Community House
- Off-Campus Student Services
- Ohio & Erie Canalway Coalition
- Park United Methodist Church
- Redeemer United Church
- RePlay for Kids
- Rockynol Retirement Community
- Ronald McDonald House of Akron
- Safe Landing Youth Shelter for boys
- Safe Landing Youth Shelter for girls
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens
- Summit County Historical Society
- The NEOhaus Institute
- Trinity United Church
- Valor Home of Summit County
- Williard United Church of Christ
Media contacts: Sarah Lane,330-972-7429 or email@example.com, or Laura Massie, 330-972-6476 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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A Bronx Zoo Molecular Biologist Packs for Myanmar
Over the course of several research trips abroad, molecular biologist Dr. Tracie Seimon has mastered the art of packing up her mobile laboratory. This time, she's packing for a trip to Myanmar to check up on Burmese star tortoises.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... mm ... my niece Tracy Simon ... I'm a molecular biologist eyewear for as you watch the health program ... a lot like Conservation Society ... and in here where I'm sitting is a molecular lab where operating on a multiple car brands in over sixty five countries without laboratory ... we worked ... on various continents ... aam we traveled with IMO BeoLab ... to places like Rwanda Uganda ... on the ticket to Russia party East ... aam as well as Peru ... so ... we're going to be heading to me and MAR ... for two weeks in September ... there were going to be bringing our mile Blvd Trail to sit here ... and will be performing deceased testing and in danger from the star tortoises ... and these are tortoises that the band bred in captivity ... and they're going to be released back into the while ... working in killing there to ensure that what we're really seeing ... our healthy population it's ... it's it's taken a few trips to learn some of the art of packing of Mo BeoLab ... and so what I've ... been doing is basically taking notes each time and and learning from previous trips and ordered to do that the genetic testing ... many of our supplies and reagents need to be kept frozen ... and so in order to keep our supplies frozen what we do is we bring affordable freezer ... and it travels with ... with us ... on wherever we go in me and my ... and we place our samples here ... and what this machine guns ... is that basically makes a lot from us copies ... of the gene that were amplifying ... from the pathogen asking for ... sin per month it's going to the monsoon season stats can be very wet ... and it's can be very hot and muggy ... this I wear ... when they're such rental downpour ... and they need to get from one place to another ... and when that brings a lot of insects in my back and going to packing things slide out of trouble that net as well as things so protect me from mosquitoes says bug spray and these are very late chance they dry very quickly ... they also have By insect locker embedded within them ... and three with me thirty percent seats there are Number tropical diseases that we have to worry about malaria ... to come in to worry about Japanese encephalitis ... aam and also things like typhoid and and it's it's it's it's ... I never go anywhere without my camera I'd take my camera into the field than I thought the documents both ... be the last components ... and sae ASA document results ... and then ASA document the work that's going on that were performing in the open collection of samples ... I like to be able to take what I have with them the Lapierre ... and travel with and be able to set up ... and recreate what I have here ... and Dom and the parts really exciting and that I can actually take ... while out ... and bring it to a country ... to perform ... in country testing and


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If ever you need a song to get yourself amped up for a convention, turn to this pony-filled video. The My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic crew espouses the joys of cosplaying, tabling, and just hanging back and tweeting about the panels in pitch-perfect song. Even if you don't watch My Little Pony, hit play.
Griffin Lewis and Jenny Nicholson wrote this song for last weekend's Canterlot Gardens. It's an amazingly well executed piece based on the Stephen Sondheim-inspired "At the Gala" musical sequence from the episode "Best Night Ever." Nicholson herself does the voices of all six central ponies, with other folks chipping in as the chorus (which takes everyone down a peg with a bit of gentle mocking). And each pony's convention expectations perfectly fit her personality. Now if only there was a press person pony who could sing about cosplay photo safaris and the joys of sleep deprivation.
[via Tor]


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I see where numerous relatives of mine have written TIME, frantically yelping that they are cousins of Sam Marx of M-G-M [TIME, April 8]. The Marx fortunes have certainly sunk to a low ebb when members of the family find it necessary to rush into print to claim relationship to anyone.
I don't know about the rest of them, but I was born during a volcanic eruption in one of the banana countries in Central America. I don't remember which one—I don't even remember the bananas, I hardly remember the stalk.
At the age of three, an utter stranger apprenticed me to a basket weaver in Guatemala. I soon learned to weave with such dexterousness that, by the time my second teeth arrived, I was known throughout the village as the basket child of Guatemala.
After I was run out of Guatemala, I met two other fellows, named, I believe, Harpo and Chico. After considerable bickering, they convinced me that America, softened up by an excess of rationing, could be persuaded to swallow another dose of Casablanca—this one to be called A Night in Casablanca.
Well, we made the picture and that's that. The point is that Harpo and Chico are brothers but they are both strangers to me. And, as for Sam Marx of M-G-M who reluctantly confesses to being their cousin—well, he's slightly mistaken. The fact of the matter is, he happens to be their joint child by a former marriage.
Groucho Marx, BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF.


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Integrated Circuit Image Gallery
Intel 486DX Microprocessor
In 1989, the 32-bit 486DX heralded Intel's fourth generation of microprocessors with two radical innovations: the integration of the floating-point unit (FPU) on the same chip and the addition of an internal write-through 8-Kbyte memory cache. With 1.2 million transistors on an 81-square millimeter silicon substrate, the chip was photolithographed with 1.0-micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and was a tremendous advance over the reigning 80386 central processing unit (CPU).
View a second image of the Intel 486DX.
View a third image of the Intel 486DX.
The 486DX processor initially had a clock speed of 25 MHz using a 5-volt power supply with a maximum power dissipation of 5 watts. Increasing the millions of instructions performed per second (MIPS) from 20 to 27, the 1990 release ran at a clock speed of 33 MHz, followed by the 50 MHz clock speed version of the 486DX capable of 41 MIPS. All three models of the Intel 486DX supported 4 gigabytes of addressable random access memory (RAM) and featured 32-bit internal register and external bus widths.
The DX designation was given to the original 486 CPU after the stripped-down SX version was released in 1991, and is used in embedded models still in production. This move echoes Intel's renaming of the 386 to the 386DX as the economical and less powerful 386SX was released. Clock-doubling and quadrupling versions added performance by increasing the internal clock speeds of the 486s. There are embedded and low-power versions also, making the family much larger than that of the previous 386s.
Contributing Authors
Omar Alvarado, Thomas J. Fellers and Michael W. Davidson - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310.
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Never before have Mid-South and Southeast agricultural producers faced so much risk and uncertainty prior to a season.
As the 2010 growing season approaches, producers will have to consider resistant weeds and insects, rising costs of production, an ever-changing credit scene, shakeups in the tax world and several new innovations and technologies.
A team of top-notch speakers will address these issues at the 2010 Agricultural Economic Symposium on Feb. 14-17, at the Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort, Destin, Fla.
Sessions include agronomic techniques to reduce risks, the tax environment, the ever-changing credit scene, value expansion through asset management, farmland values and ethanol.
Richard Brock with Brock Associates will give his thoughts on how long the recession may continue and potential legislative impacts on agriculture. Brock will also provide a commodity outlook for the coming year.
Robert Fraley, executive vice president and chief technology officer, Monsanto, and Dave Rhylander, marketing lead for Deltapine cotton seed, will discuss the latest advancements in seed technology and germplasm.
Be forewarned that Elvis will be in the building — sort of. Ron Adams, an Elvis impersonator, will perform at the Monday banquet. For good golfers and hackers, a special rate has been negotiated for the hotel course, Burnt Pine Golf Club.
Register at www.brockreport.com, or call (800) 558-3431. For room reservations, call (800) 320-8115.
Sponsors for the event are Delta Farm Press, Corn and Soybean Digest, Asgrow, AgFirst, Helena, Machinerylink, Poet Nutrition and Brock Associates.


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PROMISE VTrak x30 Series 64TB (16 by 4TB SAS) 3U RAID Subsystem
The PROMISE VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem with sixteen SAS drives delivers outstanding performance, reliability, and expansion capacity for video and server applications. Sixteen 4TB 7200-RPM SAS drives in a 3U rack-optimized enclosure provide 64TB of raw capacity for assignment to one or more RAID sets supporting all the major RAID levels including hardware RAID 0, 1, 5, and 6.
The high-availability design of the PROMISE VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem provides dual active/active RAID controllers with four 8Gb Fibre Channel ports and 4GB of cache per controller and redundant power supply units. An ideal storage solution for direct attached or SAN-based server and workstation applications, the PROMISE VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem is qualified with Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, Final Cut Pro, and Xsan.
Grow your storage space with your business
The VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem provides flexible configuration capability and can grow along with your business. Start with a single VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem configuration and scale the RAID subsystem with additional expansion units as your requirements change.
8Gb Fibre Channel performance and reliability
With large VTrak deployments worldwide, enterprise users have come to rely on PROMISE VTrak to protect their valuable data. The VTrak x30 Series supports attachment of up to nine VTrak x30 Series expansion chassis, providing a total of 960TB of raw capacity using 4TB SAS drives for high-capacity storage applications like tiered storage, disk-to-disk backup, or archive.
High-availability active/active RAID
This enterprise-class, cable-less system design includes fully redundant, hot-swappable controllers, power supply units. All system components are constantly monitored to ensure continuous operation in case of failure or component malfunction. Dual active/active, failover/failback RAID controllers provide redundant data paths to help ensure availability.
8Gb Fibre Channel performance and reliability
Quad 8Gb Fibre Channel (FC) host interface ports per controller provide connectivity into widely deployed Fibre Channel storage networks, perfect for supplementing existing 2G or 4G Fibre Channel infrastructures or building an entirely new storage infrastructure. With eight Fibre Channel ports per controller, the VTrak x30 Series has the potential to deliver up to 6GB/s worth of data.
Easy installation and management
The VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem features an embedded software solution that requires zero software installation to manage and configure your storage. Simply open your browser, locate the subsystem using Bonjour then click on the VTrak x30 Series unit you would like to manage. An easy-to-use guided setup allows novice users to create and provision the storage in just a few minutes. Managing your subsystem software updates has never been easier with PerfectFlash which allows software updates without the need to schedule maintenance downtime. The VTrak x30 Series' rich feature set gives advanced users powerful tools to rapidly deploy multiple units tuned for applications like Xsan and Final Cut Studio.
Sixteen 4TB (64TB capacity) 7200-RPM SAS hard drives (pre-installed and tested)
3U rack-optimized enclosure with 16 hot-swappable drive bays
Dual redundant active/active controllers
4GB DDR3 ECC battery backed cache per controller (8GB total per subsystem)
Quad 8Gb/s Fibre Channel ports per controller (Eight total per subsystem)
RAID Levels 0, 1, 1E, 5, 6, 10, 50, and 60
External x4 6Gb SAS port (1 per controller) for storage expansion using the PROMISE VTrak x30 Series expansion chassis
WebPAM PROe web-based management interface
PerfectFlash technology allows for non-disruptive subsystem updates
Qualified with Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, Final Cut Studio, and Xsan
Fully qualified and tested with Windows 2008, Windows 2008 R2, RedHat Linux, SUSE Linux, StorNext
What's in the Box
64TB PROMISE VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem (Dual Controller)
Product CD with electronic documentation
Quick start guide
Rack mounting hardware for standard four-post rack
Two 6 ft./1.83 m power cords (UL/CSA/ETL/TISI Approval, Regions supported: United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Philippines, Thailand)
One 6.56 ft./2.0 m RS-232 serial cable (6-pin RJ11 to DB9)
Tech Specs
Connections: Fibre Channel
Height: 19.96 in./50.7 cm
Length: 17.6 in./44.7 cm
Width: 6.9 in./17.53 cm
Manufacturer Information
Part Number
Mfr. Part Number: F40E63F01110000
UPC or EAN No.: 704118094622
Note: Products sold through this website that do not bear the Apple Brand name are serviced and supported exclusively by their manufacturers in accordance with terms and conditions packaged with the products. Apple's Limited Warranty does not apply to products that are not Apple-branded, even if packaged or sold with Apple products. Please contact the manufacturer directly for technical support and customer service.
Every VTrak x30 Series RAID subsystem is backed by the PROMISE 3-Year Limited Warranty with 24/7 telephone and email support. When PROMISE support confirms a failure in the field, Next Business Day PROMISE Service Plus on-site hardware replacement service is available to eliminate down time. For more information visit www.promise.com/serviceplus.
If higher levels of service are required, PROMISE offers PROMISE Service Plus 4-hour on-site hardware replacement service upgrades. The PROMISE Service Plus onsite plan provides three years of 4-hour onsite hardware parts replacement, available 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Availability of 4-hour PSP subject to location. For more information visit www.promise.com/serviceplus.
Answers from the community
This product is Fiber Channel? What MAC systems does this even work with any more? Is there an external/Thunderbolt connector of some kind?
- Asked by Zachary M from Hartland
- on Dec 3, 2013
ATTO have a fibre to Thunderbolt 2 converter which will work fine with this unit
- Answered by Terry M from Blackwater
- on Jan 29, 2014
Answer now(This product is Fiber Channel? What MAC systems does this even work with any more? Is there an external/Thunderbolt connector of some kind?)1 Answer(This product is Fiber Channel? What MAC systems does this even work with any more? Is there an external/Thunderbolt connector of some kind?)


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CT scan is a type of imaging test. It uses X-ray and computer technology to make detailed pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest. These images are more detailed than regular X-rays. They can give more information about injuries or diseases of the chest organs.
In a CT scan, an X-ray beam moves in a circle around your body. It takes many images, called slices, of the lungs and inside the chest. A computer processes these images and displays it on a monitor.
During the test, you may receive a contrast dye. This will make parts of your body show up better in the image.
A CT scan of the chest may be done to check the chest and its organs for:
A CT scan may be done when another type of exam, such as an X-ray or physical exam, is not conclusive.
This test may also be used to guide needles during biopsies of thoracic organs or tumors. A biopsy is when a small piece of tissue is removed so it can be examined in the lab. CT scans can also be done to help remove a sample of fluid from the chest. They are useful in keeping an eye on tumors and other conditions of the chest before and after treatment.
There may be other reasons for your healthcare provider to recommend a CT scan of the chest.
You may want to ask your healthcare provider about the amount of radiation used during the CT scan. You should discuss the risks related to your particular situation. It is a good idea to keep a record of your past history of radiation exposure. Tell your healthcare provider about previous CT scans and other types of X-rays. Your risks of radiation exposure may be related to the total number of X-ray exams or treatments over a long period of time.
If you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant, tell your healthcare provider. Radiation exposure during pregnancy may lead to birth defects. If you are breastfeeding, let your healthcare provider know. Ask if you should pump and save breastmilk to use after the procedure.
If contrast dye is used, there is a risk you may have an allergic reaction to the dye. Tell your healthcare provider if you have ever had a reaction to any contrast dye, or if you've had any kidney problems.
If you have kidney failure or other kidney problems, tell your healthcare provider. In some cases, the contrast dye can cause kidney failure. This is especially true if the patient has underlying kidney problems or is dehydrated.
If you take the diabetes medicine called metformin with the contrast, you are at risk for developing metabolic acidosis. This is a condition where you have an unsafe change in blood pH. People with kidney disease are more prone to kidney damage after contrast exposure.
There may be other risks depending on your specific medical problems. Make sure your healthcare provider knows about all your medical problems before the procedure.
Certain things may make a CT scan of the chest less accurate. These include:
You may have a chest CT scan as an outpatient or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your hospital's practices.
Generally the chest CT scan follows this process:
The CT scan itself causes no pain. However, having to lie still for the length of the procedure might cause some discomfort or pain, particularly in the case of a recent injury or invasive procedure such as surgery. The technologist will use all possible comfort measures and complete the procedure as quickly as possible to minimize any discomfort or pain.
If contrast dye was used during your procedure, you may be watched for a period of time for any side effects or reactions to the contrast dye. These include itching, swelling, rash, or trouble breathing.
Tell your healthcare provider if you notice any pain, redness, or swelling at the IV site after you return home. These could be signs of an infection or other type of reaction.
If you are given contrast by mouth, you may have diarrhea or constipation after the procedure.
Otherwise, you don't need any special care after a CT scan of the chest. You may go back to your usual diet and activities unless your healthcare provider tells you differently.
Your healthcare provider may give you other instructions, depending on your situation.
Before you agree to the test or the procedure make sure you know: