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With college applications becoming more competitive, student athletes find International Travel Teams an effective way to enhance their college resumes.
One hundred fifty athletes and coaches from around the U.S., Canada, Brazil and Italy have been selected as part of leadership and sports travel teams competeting this summer internationally. Student athletes were selected from over 10,000 athletes for the travel teams. One compelling reason for these athletes to work to be selected for this team is the life changing potential such an experience has to provide. One of the goals of the travel teams is to give student athletes a broader view of the world and allow them to get outside their comfort zone while experiencing history. Another goal is to help athletes improve their technical skills. With NBA scouts looking more and more for talent overseas, travel teams can help athletes gain a better understanding of what is attracting scouts to overseas athletes and what U.S. and Canadian players need to do to be more competitive. International travel helps elevate students both intellectually and in the area of leadership. According to leadership programs at the University level, a global understanding and mindset is a crucial skill necessary to be an emerging future leader. According to leadership professors, having traveled outside of one's own town gives students a better realization that there is a bigger world out there than what they encounter at high school.
Selections for this summer's travel teams were based on athletic ability, character, integrity, leadership skills, and availability. This summer, athletes, and coaches will converge together in Auburn, Washington or Calgary, Alberta for a two-day intensive training camp where teams focus on learning plays, building rapport, forging team unity, outlining expectations and setting goals. Teams will then travel to the UK or Germany and Belgium for competitive games and tournaments, sight-seeing, and personal work on becoming a stronger leader, athlete, and student.
These travel teams are part of NBC Camps, the largest overnight provider of basketball camps and volleyball camps in the world with locations in the US, Canada, Italy, the UK, Austria and most recently Thailand. NBC Camps began sending travel teams to other countries in 1977 competing in Europe, Australia, South America, and Asia. Around 4000, athletes have participated in an international travel team sponsored by NBC Camps. Director Bonnie Tucker says, "One of the most gratifying parts of my job is that these athletes come back transformed. They hug me and tell me that trip was life changing." A young woman named Sydney on last year's travel teams writes, "I can ensure that anyone who attends the NBC Camps overseas tour will leave a much better basketball player. It definitely gives you a better understanding of the sport. Thank you NBC, for giving me and my team an unforgettable experience!" This passion and enthusiasm along with leadership and global mindedness are qualities college admission directors want to see and that is why athletes and parents view travel teams as an added way to enhance their college admissions package.
About NBC Camps
NBC Camps began in 1971 as Northwest Basketball Camp. Founder, Fred Crowell wanted to design a program that would provide the best basketball training, create an atmosphere of encouragement, hard work, respect and compassion, and teach athletes to compete not only physically but with their hearts and minds.
More than 40 years later, NBC Camps now has over 120 basketball camps, international travel teams, year round basketball mentorship training, volleyball, soccer, and football. NBC Camps partners with US Sports Camps, home of Nike Camps worldwide. Together, NBC Camps works to provide the ultimate sports camp experience.
For more information on NBC Camps and the International Travel Teams, please visit the company's website visit www.nbccamps.com/international or phone 1-800-406-3926.


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Nats shore up soft spots in effort to reach goals
VIERA, Fla. -- Before the 2013 season started, then-manager Davey Johnson made a bold prediction about the Nationals: "World Series or bust." The Nats did not make the World Series -- or the playoffs -- finishing second behind the Braves in the National League East.
VIERA, Fla. -- Before the 2013 season started, then-manager Davey Johnson made a bold prediction about the Nationals: "World Series or bust." The Nats did not make the World Series -- or the playoffs -- finishing second behind the Braves in the National League East.
This year, new manager Matt Williams declined to follow in Johnson's footsteps as far as making a bold prediction. The only thing he would say was that the Nationals would play hard and leave it on the field every night.
"Predictions are hard," Williams said. "Wins and losses are out of your control, but if I could predict, I would say we will approach the game correctly. We will make some mistakes, but they will be aggressive mistakes. We will challenge the other team and put pressure on them. If we could do that, we have a chance. You can never predict a record or any of that, because you don't know, but if we approach it correctly, we have a chance."
Many baseball experts predicted the Nats would contend for the World Series in 2013, but Washington didn't live up to those expectations.
The offense didn't come around until the second half of the season. And the team struggled on defense and in holding runners, as the Nationals were one of the worst in the league in those departments. Williams has made it a point this spring to focus on those fundamentals. The manager admitted that he lost sleep when things went wrong on the field this spring.
"Offensively, if we can be consistent and do what we are capable of doing, we'll be fine," center fielder Denard Span said. "I also think defensively, if we catch the ball and make the plays we are supposed to make, don't make our pitchers throw extra pitches and give opposing teams extra outs, then we'll be fine."
Shortstop Ian Desmond said Washington has to do the little things right, and Williams has done a good job of preaching that all spring.
"We have to move the runners over if we have to, getting the bunt down and taking the extra base," Desmond said. "It's the little things, the small things that are equally important."
Williams showed his emotions when his team couldn't do the little things right. On March 16, for example, the Nats allowed six stolen bases in a 2-1 loss to the Tigers. With the score tied at 1, left-hander Mike Gonzalez allowed three of those six stolen bases and allowed the winning run to score in the eighth inning.
"[Gonzalez] has to hold baserunners a little bit better than that," Williams said at the time. "We are preaching in Spring Training that we need to do a better job of holding those guys. [Gonzalez] has been around the block a time or two and he understands that he is fairly slow to the plate. He needs to vary his times, his looks and throw over and things like that. Today, [the Tigers] took advantage of him."
Health is also another factor for the Nationals. As of now, no one will open the season on the disabled list. Last year, however, injuries crippled the Nats. Because of surgery after the 2012 season, third baseman Ryan Zimmerman had a tough time throwing the baseball to first base until the final month of last season. Catcher Wilson Ramos missed half the season because of hamstring issues.
But the biggest blow was to outfielder Bryce Harper, who played in only 118 games after crashing into a wall at Dodger Stadium last May. Harper ended up having offseason surgery to repair his left knee.
Desmond said staying healthy is extremely important, but he pointed out that if there is an injury this year, the Nationals will not lose a beat. For example, if one of the relievers goes down, the club can call up someone like Blake Treinen, who impressed the team during Spring Training.
The bench has improved dramatically compared to last year. The Nats added power by signing free-agent outfielder Nate McLouth. They also acquired catcher Jose Lobaton and infielder Kevin Frandsen, an upgrade from what they had last year.
"We learned this Spring Training -- and maybe we didn't consider it last year -- is our depth is unbelievable," Desmond said. "We saw some of the young guys that came into camp this year that are knocking on the door and they are ready.
"I hate to talk about 2012, but we had players ready. They came up, they performed. They never missed a beat. They acted and carried themselves like big leaguers. We have guys that are waiting in the wings to come up if there is an injury or potential trade or however it may go. There are guys waiting."
Bill Ladson is a reporter for MLB.com and writes an MLBlog, All Nats All the time. He also can be found on Twitter @WashingNats.

subset: commoncrawl


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Born in San Diego on July 22, 1986, Brooke Lee Adams (aka Brooke Adams) is an adorable little brunette with big brown eyes. Her 34C cups might be about the average size, but there's nothing average about the way she handles a cock! You can see this fresh-faced beauty in Fresh Outta High School 19 and Unseasoned Players, among others. She started making adult films at age 23, but she looks barely legal. Be one of the first to jump on the bandwagon, because she's sure to win a lot of fans fast with her mixed Caucasian and Persian beauty, which gives her the rather uncommon ability to be cute and exotic at the same time. Entrepreneurial Brooke also owns dirtylittleme.com, where she and other girls can shoot their own content and own everything that gets posted, thus controlling their online destinies.
Brooke's sizzling performances, cute face, and sexy body all contributed to her getting a 2011 AVN Best New Starlet nomination.


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Vancouver, Wa — Even though Sherborne Investors now controls Nautilus' board of directors, Robert Falcone remains president and CEO of the Vancouver, WA-based company. At one time, Sherborne Investors had indicated they would look for a new CEO if they controlled the board.
At the Dec. 18 shareholder meeting, shareholders voted to replace four of the seven Nautilus board members with Sherborne nominees. Once the vote was confirmed by a third party, the new board met on Dec. 31 and elected Edward J. Bramson, managing director of Sherborne, as chairman of the board. Also new to the board are Gerard L. Eastman, managing director of Sherborne Investors; Michael Stein, formerly CFO of ICOS Corp., Nordstrom and Marriott International; and Richard Horn, formerly general manager of the Pets Hotel Division of PetSmart.
Remaining on the board are former chairman Falcone, Ronald Badie and Marvin Siegert.
Sherborne Investors, which owns 23.5 percent of Nautilus' stock, began to seek removal of board members this fall after Nautilus' stock continued a two-year decline. In the third quarter, the company announced a loss of $13.45 million.
Falcone became CEO in August and has made several changes that he says will turn around the company. The former Nike executive laid off 9 percent of Nautilus' workforce, cut expenses by $10 million annually and put the company's clothing line, Pearl Izumi, up for sale.


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Welcome to Oregon City Golf Club
Open year-round to the public and conveniently located less than 20 miles south of Portland, Oregon, the historic Oregon City golf course features 18 holes (5872 yards), situated on more than 100 acres of gently rolling terrain, complemented by mature, tree-lined fairways.
With picturesque Cascadian golf views, the club's course layout features 3 sets of tee boxes, challenging, yet forgiving, greens and offers a visually appealing walking or riding experience to golfers at all playing levels.
Oregon City Golf Club's course rating is 68.2, with a slope rating of 116 from the back tees.
Excellent drainage due to use of natural land contours, a progressive maintenance program, strategically placed sand bunkers, and numerous flowerbeds, provide a spectacular golf setting for year-round play.
Golf Digest Magazine has listed the course in their "Best Places to Play" edition.
To avid golfers, we offer an alternative to local courses such as Stone Creek, Langdon Farms and OGA Woodburn, with affordable green fees and tee times. To families and casual golfers, we offer a privately-owned, non-intimidating golf course open to everyone!
Our clubhouse has all the amenities a golfer could need, including a fully stocked golf pro shop,food and beverages, a banquet room and several outdoor entertainment areas for your pre or post-round refreshments and awards. Other amenities include our practice facilities, complete with practice range, sand bunker, putting/chipping green, golf instruction, driving carts and club rentals.
Oregon City Golf Club also offers a great venue for wedding receptions, private social events, corporate events and golf tournaments. Our indoor banquet room and outdoor reception areas provide the perfect setting for private events of almost any type.
Our golf pros and staff understand that golfers enjoy the game of golf for many different reasons. Our goal is to provide a great golfing experience for players of all levels.
Oregon City Golf Club has been called "one of Oregon's best kept secrets". We invite you come and play our course and see for yourself all we have to offer!


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TechNavio's analysts forecast the Fluid Power Pump and Motor market in the US to grow at a CAGR of 10.81 percent over the period 2012-2016. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the increasing demand of fluid power pumps and motors among process industries. The Fluid Power Pump and Motor market in the US has also been witnessing the development of micro disc pump technology. However, the lack of effective product differentiation could pose a challenge to the growth of this market.
TechNavio's report, the Fluid Power Pump and Motor Market in the US 2012-2016, has been prepared based on an in-depth analysis of the market with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas, and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers Fluid Power Pump and Motor market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
- To Read The Complete Report with TOC Visit: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/158775
The key vendors dominating this market space are Eaton Corp., Flowserve Corp., Parker Hannifin Corp., and ITT Corp.
The other vendors mentioned in the report are KSB AG, Acutant Corp., White Drive Products, Inc., and Gear Products Inc., and Orbit Fluid Power Co.
- To Browse All Reports visit: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/
Key questions answered in this report:
- What will the market size be in 2016 and what will the growth rate be?
- What are the key market trends?
- What is driving this market?
- What are the challenges to market growth?
- Who are the key vendors in this market space?
- What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?


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In order to prevent the human body from rejecting porcine organs, the pigs they are derived from must be genetically modified. Researchers have already experienced considerable success in this regard, baboon subjects living for substantial time periods after receiving kidneys of pigs modified so that they lack a certain sugar molecule that normally induces the monkey and human immune systems to aggressively attack any foreign tissues. Yet, despite such advances, there may be significant obstacles to overcome along the path to widely accepted xenotransplantation. For instance, a number of ethical issues must be addressed and there is already rising concern about the possibility of virus transference between species. In fact, some studies suggest that porcine endogenous retrovirus (Perv), which is present in the pig genome, is shed by porcine kidney cells, such as those of the LLC-PK1 line, and can infect humans. These findings conflict with some other research reports, however, and are being hotly contested in the scientific community.
The digital image presented above features a culture of pig kidney cells that was immunofluorescently labeled primary anti-cytokeratin (pan) mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to Marina Blue. The cells were also labeled with MitoTracker Red CMXRos and SYTOX Green, targeting the intracellular mitochondrial network and DNA, respectively. Images were recorded in grayscale with a QImaging Retiga Fast-EXi camera system coupled to an Olympus BX-51 microscope equipped with bandpass emission fluorescence filter optical blocks provided by Omega Optical. During the processing stage, individual image channels were pseudocolored with RGB values corresponding to each of the fluorophore emission spectral profiles.
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This website is maintained by our


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PI Advanced Flow Service Training - SONOKIT (AST-FUK)
- Description
- Dates and Registration
- This 1-day course is focusing on the technology, commissioning and troubleshooting issues for the flow technology. The course includes hands-on training and troubleshooting exercises. This is a great opportunity to discuss these flow applications etc. in an open forum with other experienced participants and Technical Support Specialists from the Flow Center of Competence in Sønderborg, Denmark.
- NOTE: This course can be booked individually but is also part of a two week training program.
Target Group
- Internal Siemens Service Engineers
- Service Partners
- Solution Partners
- The course covers the following:
- Flow meter SONOKIT
- The course includes these key aspects:
- Installation and commissioning
- Maintenance
- Failure search and field service
- Troubleshooting
- Hands-on exercises
- Verifications and re-calibrations
- Repairable and non-repairable systems
- Repair locations
- Spares
- Participation in PS T-3 training or equivalent is required.
- In addition experience and a thorough knowledge of the product(s), incl. menu structure and commissioning is necessary.
TypeFace-to-face training
1 day


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SEC Clears Netflix's Reed Hastings
The Securities and Exchange Commission cleared Netflix CEO Reed Hastings of any wrongdoing in using social media platforms to disseminate corporate information. Paul Vigna reports.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... the SEC's claims Netflix week Hastings ... will have the discussion on the right here right now on the New Saab good afternoon and welcome I'm Simon Constable has discussed it with us Paul vignette ... old ... cars I think this goes back to the ... posting find we nice things ... about one billion pounds of streaming wrote this goes back to last July ... when Hastings puts some information on Facebook on his Facebook account ... about Netflix an about how many hours of video the string them on right is that we get a billion hours people and then expecting it ... when said Scott took off and then you see right there and people start estate will will will will blow ... uses material information wiping out Facebook Facebook is not the way you're supposed to disclose material information ... raise the whole thing was really Berau about what it was an exclusive but once that everybody rivals to everybody who was ... in L following him on Facebook I'm anyone catch and anemic and sensibly ... so the question was ... for social media platforms Facebook Twitter those things ... are the acceptable places to disclose corporate information ... on the NSE is looking to FTC in December said Hastings a Wells notice that they're looking into it ... consider employing indoor one is that what why don't like it did the yet the as yet doesn't mean you are going to be for some it ... means the FCC is looking at was actually very inching case in this ... because in December he got a Wells notice the US the new ... ICC was investigating there looking out ... and just this afternoon they came out and said one of ... the Hastings is a nuclear tell more portly ... they said get Social social media is acceptable as long as the corporation makes it clear that they will be disseminating information ... that method will be using Twitter ... will be using Facebook disaster as well as ever know is that ... it does not run afoul of fair disclosure was sent to the SCC disseminate this on Facebook ... whatever the book was ... that I mean I'd I wouldn't restaurants that will be done without the white white with LinkedIn and Twitter me that the Macmahon issued on ... this it's it's very inching for Facebook and Twitter ... I mean really validates them as a platform as a place where you can get information ... I think it's a much bigger deal for them than it is for patients or this and say mom ... it's an interesting story ... Modelo's arrest of a remodeled many I'm Simon Qassam on that's it ...


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Tweety Ft. Young Kidd & Lotto - Bright Lights [Label Submitted]
South Carolinas Own Tweety Feat. Young Kidd & Lotto - Bright Lights
This video is shot in Vancouver, BC. Everything we do is self made!! This track is off our upcoming CTL Records mixtape... Tweety is from Lower State South Carolina . Young Kidd & Lotto are from Winnipeg Canada. We each have our own bodies of work.. Check out Exotic Boiz on datpiff Titled "Exotic Ep" ..Young Kidd just dropped his album titled "From Dreams to Reality " on Itunes.. Lotto has his latest body of work on datpiff titled " Recipe 4 Disaster" More videos are on youtube for each artist under Exotic Boiz, Young Kidd , Lotto!!
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Spanish actor José Yepes Cardo, a familiar name in Spanish film history from the 1960s, died October 30, 2012 at age 70 in a hospital in Sagunto, Valencia, Spain, where he was admitted for pneumonia, it was announced today the Company Management Performers (AISGE), to which he belonged. Yepes was born in Sagunto on April 9, 1942 and came into contact with the world of acting as "meritorious" at Teatro Maria Guerrero, although over the years he made the leap to the big screen, where he made over fifty works. One of his first films was " Hay que educar a papá " with Paco Martinez Soria, in 1971, which was followed by many others in which he was supporting actor. "Los días del pasado" (1978), Mario Camus, "Carmen" (1983), by Carlos Saura, "La guerra de los locos" (1989), Antonio del Real, and "La guerra de los locos" (1987), under the direction of Manolo Matji are some of them. In the eighties Yepes worked in television, with interventions into such telefilms as "El caso de Carmen Broto" or the series "Turno de oficio" (1996), among others. In 1999 Yepes suffered a stroke that left him with some difficulties but nevertheless allowed him to perform dubbing work in the Drama Centre Valenciano, AISGE recalls.
YEPES, José (José Yepes Cardo)
Born: 4/9/1942, Valencia, Spain
Died: 10/30/2012, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
José Yepes' westerns – actor:
Any Gun Can Play - 1967 (Monetero henchman)
Face to Face - 1967 [Spanish voice of Taylor]
The Man Called Blade – 1977 (Valler henchman)
The Black Wolf - 1980
Here Comes Condemor (The Sinner of the Plains) - 1996 (Herrero)


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The ocean is full of surprises, and some Chinese fishermen got a huge one when they found a Porsche in their nets.
The Cayenne SUV – which sells from around $110,000 here – was landed while the crew was recently fishing off the Coast of Beihai.
The Cayenne was covered in seaweed and barnacles, with its state pointing to it having been underwater for at least two years according to experts called in to assess it.
Reports on CarNewsChina.com suggest that the waters and coastal areas around Beihai are a hotspot for smugglers bringing in luxury goods to escape the huge import tariffs China imposes.
It's believed the smuggler possibly pushed the Porsche overboard after spotting a customs patrol.
The vehicle, which would have netted the smuggler a sizable profit, sold to a Beihai scrap metal dealer for 4000 yuan ($650).


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Arun Rath
Journalist Arun Rath is the new host of the NPR newsmagazine Weekend All Things Considered. The Saturday and Sunday edition has moved its broadcast to the west coast. Rath has had a distinguished career in public media as a reporter, producer and editor, most recently as a senior reporter for the PBS series Frontline and The World® on WGBH Boston. He has also worked for several NPR and public radio programs.


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Curious People Projects plans, designs and builds presences online. Over the years we have been involved in a large variety of projects from small artist websites to large festival content management. We specialise in clean, grid-based web layouts, whose inspirations are derived from architecture, art, design, film, photography and publications. We are always interested in new collaborations. Whether this involves helping your company or organisation find its feet online, or redesigning your online presence – we can help.
+44 20 8133 8957


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Tanglwood Lakes Community Association
102 Tanglwood Drive
Greentown, PA 18426
570-857-1186 - www.tanglwood.org Fax: 570-857-1757Tanglwood is a Premier Community- Read More
Welcome to Tanglwood Lakes Community website. Tanglwood Lakes is a 900 acre planned community of single homes nestled in a pristine woodland environment adjacent to Lake Wallenpaupack in Pike County, Northeast Pennsylvania. Tanglwood Lakes also shares the County with 40,000 acres of National Park Service land and 100,000 acres of Pennsylvania State Parks and Game Lands.
Tanglwood Lakes amenities are beautifully designed to offer residents a wide variety of recreational opportunities. Centered in the community is Lake Tanglwood a 35 acre lake available for fishing, canoeing and row boating. Hikers enjoy a 42 acre nature park with marked trails, a wildlife preserve and a trout stream. Tennis enthusiasts have access to all weather tennis courts. A community center is available for parties, meetings, classes and indoor /outdoor activities.
Tanglwood Lakes Beach and Boat Marina is situated on 6 acres on Lake Wallenpaupack which is one of Pennsylvania largest lakes at 13 miles in length with 52 miles of shoreline. The Private Beach includes a guarded sandy swimming beach, bath house, picnic gazebo, volleyball & horseshoes. The Boat Marina has a 106 slip dock area and launch ramp to accommodate resident boaters.
The manicured greens and fairways of Paupack Hills Golf & Country Club wind their way throughout Tanglwood Lakes Community. The 18 hole course was designed by George and Tom Fazio and includes many spectacular views of the woodlands and Lake Wallenpaupack. The Club offers an 18th Hole Cocktail Lounge, Club House Restaurant, and banquet facilities.
We invite you to come and see Tanglwood Lakes Community! Discover for yourself why this peaceful, wooded, lakeside environment has been attracting golfers, boaters and nature enthusiasts for decades.
Feel free to explore the features available to the public on this site. If you are a resident of our community, click here to log into the private side of the web site. If you have not been notified of your login name and password, please complete the Login Request Form.
Note to Residents who are Logging In for the first time: Make sure you use your Tanglwood Lakes street address when you complete the Login Request Form. An automatic email is sent to the website administrator. Approval of registration may take a few minutes to 24 hours depending on staff availablility. Please do not 'login' for a second time. Until you receive approval you are limited only to the public menu of the website. Thank you for registering! Directions to TanglwoodGreentown Weather Forecast, PA (18426)
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Homeowners Association Websites by AtHomeNet


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Hudl founders John Wirtz, COO, Brian Kaiser, CTO, and David Graff, CEO, all age 27. Photo courtesy of Agile Sports.
It didn't take long for Lincoln-based Agile Sports, the company behind Hudl, to make another huge splash around what they're building on the Silicon Prairie!
Today, Inc. Magazine released it's annual 30 Under 30 list recognizing the nation's leading young entrepreneurs under the age of 30. As a team, the three founders of Agile Sports made the list: David Graff, John Wirtz, and Brian Kaiser, Founders of Agile Sports.
This is an amazing honor for the Agile Sports team and our community here on the Silicon Prairie for it's the first time a Nebraska company has made the list.
You may remember, a few months ago we shared another piece of quality coverage the company received: Robert Scoble of building43 talks video editing with Agile Sports.
When I think about their success, the first thing that comes to mind is the awesome team they've assembled here in Nebraska.
Photo courtesy of Agile Sports.
Agile Sports has grown from three co-founders in 2006 to 20 employees today, and whether it's the technology, marketing or sales department, you can tell the entire team is 100% bought into the company's vision. They are focused on growing their presence while at the same time providing exemplary customer service.
I spoke with Brian on what the honor means to him and the team:
Congratulations to the entire Hudl team! We look forward to covering your continued success.
See Inc. Magazine's full 30 Under 30 list at inc.com/30under30/2010.


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Iphone app development estimate time jobs
PHP script to analyze the Landsat 8 thermal bands to accurately gauge lake temperate. Also a colorized thermal jpg photo of the lake. This will be based on a square with starting point and ending point latitude and longitude & an array of temperature testing points (lat, lon). PHP arguments * Start Lat,Lon *End Lat, Lon *Array of temperature points Lat, Lon RETURN Values * JPG * Array of ...
we are looking for a US located construction budget estimator to create a preliminary construction budget plan with a 4 year...US GC stamped letter should be attached to the plan The project is a 120 town-home community in Kissimmee, Florida A GC stamped letter is a must , the project budget plan estimate would be submitted for a governmental purpose.
this is the estimate of paver block set the page setting, count measurment and enter the measurment correctly and should be properly checked. and submit to head office.
Identify a website CMS and estimate the price of making same website
Automatization that creates an estimate in deals. Getting data from deals and place it in the estimate (have integration with books). Also to add your function the first step: a function that I already have that: Make a Contact and make it as a primary contact. *The service includes implementation. *I do not give password and user name. *I pay until
Needsomeone to design and estimate ringlock scaffold
We have recently tried implementing Advance Price rules in our Quick Books Enterprise Premium d...recently tried implementing Advance Price rules in our Quick Books Enterprise Premium desktop software, and when we set the pricing rule we loose the cost being displayed on the estimate form. Quick Books indicated we may need a special template created.
We perform detailed engineering studies of existing buildings, typically estimating quantities and costs of hundreds of building components (typically about 200 or so for each building). We are looking to contract a freelancer to help with creating the studies. Excel experience is a must. Planswift estimating software and general knowledge of construction is a plus. The attached Excel file is t...
Dose any one know how to link google map platform into an app
...it and abandoned it midway, about 30% of work completed at a very slow pace due to their limited capacity thus non commitment to my project. So you would either develop the app from scratch or continue where they left off depending if you find the code and documentation clear and easy to work to with. If continuing on the project, the previous freelancer
1) Need 2 - 3 pages developed from my tables to have editable rows and updates then send in to server for updates 2) Need queries that subtotal category , category_materials, category_labor, category_equipment on a Summary Page
I need you to develop some software for me. I would like this software to be developed in the window platform
A social entrepreneurship venture is intending to fundraise through the creation of a challenge video that will be shared on various social platforms. A. What we need from you: -Work with a general script to come up with a specific way that the video will go, then shoot the video while including a friend in the video (the script requires two people to participate) B. What we will provide: -We wi...
I have a project blueprint and I would like have block, stone veneer and stucco estimate from the blueprint.
Selected candidate(s) will have an opportunity to work on an auto cloud based platform leveraging latest AI technology. The mobile app will take an image or video and upload it to the server which will perform analysis and estimate car price. Please use phrase 'AI neural networks' in your bid as an indication that you really are human not a bot. Continuous
I have a niche website selling live seafood and require a price estimate before my products. FOR those who do not understand authorize and manual capture please look for the keywords "manual capture" on this Woocommece document. [login to view URL] Customers ordering process would be: 1. The customer
Augmented reality - make a ruler addon for iOS/Android application (estimate objects with smartphone's camera) Hi all! We already have working application for avia company (in iOS/Android). Middleware is made on Python, Android version - on java+kotlin, iOS - on objective-C There is one important feature for us that we want implement - "camera ruler"
Need project estimate for striping and signage. Full plans available.
General contractor need a building estimator for a construction of a building for a retail store lumber with a storage, site development, all trades. 10,000 sf. Deadline: 11/16
We are planning to build a social economy platform with an interface similar to Airbnb. We are trying to figure out how much would it cost to start it and then what are the different costs required in running it for the first 3-4 years.
We are looking for some one to build an interface and website for consumers submitting thier car information to multiple dealerships. We are looking for someone to desig...a fee for access to the info. 4) Dealership can select filters on what type of cars, years and distance from dealership they want to get. Ui Ux Front and and back end development.
We are looking for some one to build an interface and website for consumers submitting thier car information to multiple dealerships. We are looking for someone to design...a fee for access to the info. 4) Dealership can select filters on what type of cars, years and distance from dealership they want to get. Ui Ux Front and and back end development
I have time to time construction projects. I need a reliable and good estimator. Lets start with one project and we can take it from there.
I need a new website. I need you to design and build a landing page.
I have constant work for someone. I have a construction company that builds houses and does fitouts also. I need someone to do a bill of quantities and provides estimates for me. For example a new build of a house
I have a HomeAutomationController. SW is impl...would like to control some ZigBee devices. I can make a variant that has a ZigBee radio. This project is to design/describe the needed sw modules iI will need for this and estimate hours needed to implement it. If you come up with a good design/description a new project will be to do the implementation
The whole project is described in the following link [login to view URL]
I am an electrician and i currently create estimates using excel. I have some documents to work with. I would need 3 sheet created 2 will basically be cover sheets and the others will contain the data which i will enter. I will attach a copy of something similar to what i need done.
I have a dozen ".fmb" files (maybe 30 screens or so) that are Oracle Forms source code developed in 2011 +/- 3 years.I need an estimate (in days/person) to do the following: For all screens For all fields Document the input parameter along with the required SQL statement (for Scalar fields and also repeated fields) in order to get the same information
hi! I need a plugin to estimate the cost of your journey, to use in my website. Something similar to this ones: [login to view URL] [login to view URL] [login to view URL] Thank you
I need a mobile site. I would like it designed and bui
I need a custom estimate preparing software
We need to create a web app which can be used to send estimates to clients and later it can manage client list. (php/mySql developers are not prefered) If you are interested to develop and teach the basics then only place a bid. More information will be shared privately.
Our firm has Job Order Contracts that require us to use eGordian software to prepare construction estimates. We need someone that is extremely familiar with inputting values into the system and is well versed with construction estimating. Duties include: • Reviewing drawings and specifications. • Executing material take-offs. • Determining quantities of materials and labor. MUS...
for list of tasks (this will be given) I need you review the tasks come up with accurate estimate for the time required to complete those tasks. i need this so I can assign the work to freelancer
Hello, i have a list of products, only 166, where the weight is wrong. You have to fix with the right on...the weight is wrong. You have to fix with the right one For many is indicated in the name [login to view URL] for others you can check the manufacturer website, and estimate the weight is very simple The task require not more then 40 min.
I need some changes done to my exciting estimate contract form . $15.00
I need to set up a model for estimating baseline sales of beverages in order to determine the effect of different events on total sales. Available information is sales per product, day and store. The events that can be measured are price changes and distribution changes and in part out of stock situations. Unknown events are marketing activities, and it is these and pricing effects I want to iden...
...stack. The ideal solution would behave as follows: - The estimation engine should be auto-triggered when a Cloud Formation stack is created - AWS Pricing APIs can be used to estimate the cost of EC2 instances per month in the cloud formation template. [login to view URL] - -If the cost goes
A curing oven for composite production has been designed with the following internal dimensions : 5000 mm (L) X 3000 mm (W) 2700 mm (h). It is insulated with rock-wool 200 mm in walls and ceiling, and 100 mm foam-glass in the floor. The task is to calculate the required capacity of the electrical heating system. It shall consist of circulation system and a heating system working together to mainta...
I would like to find someone who is familiar with commercial real estate to help me get a quote for how much a "build to suit" building might cost me so I can back in my financials and understand if my business idea would be profitable.
Display traffic estimate time from google map for a fix location. Use Google api or data scraper any methods that work. Addition: weather for the fix location. Currency exchange rate between 2 countries. Please read carefully my attachment. Do not apply if you cant do it. I m looking for long term developer. So apply only if you are able to do
I'm looking for someone who can estimate a few commercial projects for me. Specifically, steel stud framing, drywall, and tape/top/finish. See attached files. I would like to know the material count, type of material, and cost of the material with labor.
Need construction estimates in residential , commercial and public works projects. Must provide accurate take offs and estimates using RS MEANS. Will pay per job. Must have access to an Rs means account.
Basic Wordpress website with usual content sections, i.e. about us, services, team, product list + contact form.
...and if the samples are negative, then shape one is used. what is required is to do the following: -Simulate the OFDM in Matlab. -Plot the signal in the time and frequency domain. -Estimate the bandwidth of the system (to evaluate it, you may need to generate a figure similar to fig.7 in "Effective information rates of single-carrier and multi-carrier
Once you have completed the Work Breakdown Structure, you will create a cost model for your project similar to the activity completed in the class. Please...from the Internet. Allocate costs by your WBS for each month of the project using Calculate the Earned Value (using the Earned Value template attached) Complete the Cost Estimate document attache
I have an OFDM system where each sample after the IFFT is shaped by two different pulse shapes depending on the polarity of the sa...pulse shapes depending on the polarity of the sample. The system is suffering from discontinuity and needs filtering. I need someone to simulate the system in Matlab and to estimate the required bandwidth of the system.
I have some work, in an Excel spreadsheet.
Hi, I have a electrical drawings for a building, I would like somebody with electrical estimating background who is familiar with US system. At least material and labor are needed. If you can do the complete cost, that is favorable.,


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Hi Folks !
I'm from Switzerland, and i'm quite new on this board.
I'm currently restoring an old TA22 Gt from 1977.
Hope to meet here some nice people and share A LOT of informations and advices about this wonderful car !
rachuck21 wrote:Welcome! It looks like your had a vinyl top that was removed. There were a few different designs of vinyl tops. Yours might ended where the lower corners of the windshield are close to the door, top corners of the windshield. or possibly halfway up the roof. Look for a screw hole where a small piece of trim was.
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IW v2 is a overhauled version of the original IW. It holds little in common with the original as the 3 episodes that featured in it have been heavily updated. Plenty of new weapons have been added and there are 2 new episodes as well. One of these consists of maps made by the Duke Nukem community for both IW v1 and V2. The other episode is a much more story orientated episode with time travel and even has a choice of endings. Iw v2 uses Eduke32, an Enhanced version of JfDuke with much more coding control allowing fantastic effects. The port it is based on allows for models and high res textures which IW v2 takes full advantage of.
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momoree needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 62 designs submitted by 10 freelance designers.
Vision To Victory OR Vision 2 Victory
Our church is launching a capital campaign project to raise money for a new building and we need two logos for advertising.
We already had someone design the logos but we were asked to get it to look more EYE-CATCHING.
See attached document
The general public.
Please review the attached document.
Try to keep within the same color scheme.
We need to add to both of them "Tabernacle Baptist Church - Gastonia, NC"
The verse "Habakkuk 3:1-3" must be in both logos
" Vision To Victory" must be in the bottom logo "V2V"
Use GOOD FONTS that will catch attention
Make it "EYE-CATCHING" that when someone sees it they will remember what it's for.
Design Logos to be used on websites, T-shirts and Stationary.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Trading up (or undergoing extreme home makeovers) isn't as popular as it was in the go-go days of real estate. But even if you aren't in the midst of gutting your kitchen or adding on a rumpus room, chances are, if you own your home, you'll spend a nice chunk of change this year keeping your place up to snuff.
According to a study by Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies (JCHS), homeowners with abodes that are in their late teens to mid-20s shell out an average of $2,450 annually for maintenance and improvements. By the way, two out of every three homes in the U.S. are at least 25 years old.
You don't need a reciprocating saw to shear sizable chunks from your home-improvement tab. Planning, preparation, and smart shopping can save you 10% to 50% on your home-improvement budget.
Lop off some labor costs
The size, scope, and complexity of the job are all factors in your labor outlay.
If you hire a general contractor (GC), which is something you'd do mostly for midsized to large projects, plan to spend an extra 20%, even on work the GC pays a subcontractor to do. The fee covers the headache factor of scheduling and sourcing as well as the costs of fixing mistakes made under his or her watch.
If the job requires fewer than three subcontractors, you can save money (but not necessarily time) by acting as your own GC for all or part of the job. Remember, you're responsible for any do-overs that don't meet code or other contractors' standards. For my own renovation I found a GC who had a full-time electrician, plumber, and trim guys on staff.
If you live in a metropolitan area, you can cut the hourly tab for specialty jobs such as plumbing and wiring by widening your search radius. Many independent operators will travel for work for an additional flat fee.
And, if you're at all handy, do some of the work -- like painting or tiling -- yourself. "DIY" can translate to "cash in hand." (Or "glue in hair," in my case.)
Save on future work. As long as the walls are open, you're living in a construction zone, so knock off future projects. I had my entire apartment wired for cable, even though I needed it in only two spots.
Be strategic about supplies
With planning and patience, you can snag bargains on everything from new windows to old architectural details.
- Put on some grubby clothes and shop for salvage. My 1920s mantel and two sets of French doors were $500 at a salvage yard, versus $1,375 (and minus the charm) at Home Depot. My "preloved" bathroom sink and light fixtures were $128 less than new, and my vanity mirror and granite hearth tiles, the latter of which retail for $6.98 each, were serendipitous curbside finds that cost me nothing!
- Handle online shopping with care. High shipping surcharges can cancel out any price breaks, particularly on fragile items such as tiles (pros recommend ordering 10% to 20% extra to allow for breakage) or large items like appliances.
- Pay wholesale or less on new goods. Search online for local builder/supplier liquidators who sell or auction overstocked, misordered, or returned items like doors, windows, cabinets, bathroom fixtures, construction materials, and flooring.
- Shop with retailers who buy in bulk for new construction, and you can get half off retail for overstocked items.
- Consider floor samples. When new models come in, retailers (particularly mom-and-pops) will sell display models to clear out floor space. They may even honor the manufacturer's warranty.
More from The Motley Fool:
In the spirit of full disclosure (which is popular around Fool.com), Dayana Yochim would like to admit that she actually purchased real estate on impulse. Seriously. This is one particular financial strategy that she does not recommend to readers.


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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What's wrong with her bikini? The white one in the thumbnail pic looks good on her I think. However that will get real dirty real fast. I know she has a red one out there too. IMO, it's not as bad as Danielle DiLorenzo's ruffle bikini from HvV.
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I am a relatively new player and have been on a search to unlock all the Gods recently. The only ones that I have yet to find are Binlor and Jehora, as the title of this post suggests. They are not like finding other Gods in that there is no set location on the Kingdom map that they are supposed to be found in, ie: North, South etc (at least according to the DD wiki posts on them.)
I am just curious if there are any tips or tricks to find them. I ran into Binlor once, but had converted my endiswal glif already so I could not mine past the Gold chalice to his altar. I have been scumming various Hard dungeons over and over trying to run into them in a subdungeon with no luck.
Do they only appear in Hard,Normal, etc.., dungeons?
Are either of them found with more frequency in a certain location?
Do I need to first finish other quests or something in order for them to become available?
Any help is greatly appreciated!!


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Just out of curiousity, is it natural for people to have problems with their siblings? I'm the oldest out of three, and while I absolutely adore my toddler sister, I--forgive me of the harshness--feel like I absolutely resent my ten year old brother. We're the exact opposites. I'm clean, OCD, organized and on-task, he's a messy, disorganized procrastinator. I'm an analytical thinker, he is an artistic visionary. Anyhow, we just fight so often and they can get pretty bad. Sometimes we cannot go ten minutes in the same room with each other without fighting.How should I deal with my struggles with my younger brother? He angers me so much, the kid pushes your buttons. Being the older sibling, I'm in charge of him, so whenever he leaves a mess, screws up or does something bad, I usually somehow end up getting in trouble for it by our parents because they always love to shift responsibility onto me. Also, how is this going to affect our future relationships when we are adults? Are we forever going to be somewhat estranged from each other? Or will we look back on our childhood and laugh at our feuds?
Just out of curiousity, is it natural for people to have problems with their siblings?
he's a messy
artistic visionary
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Why do we celebrate Twelfth Night?
Twelfth Night - January 5 - the day before Epiphany. Since long celebrated in Western Christianity the Eastern stjärnskådarnas arrival of Jesus on this day. Twelfth Night, however, ends up a bit to make way for the Christmas and New Year celebrations.
If we start with the thirteen days that falls on (as the name suggests) on the thirteenth day of Christmas. Christmas day is counted as the first day of Christmas and Boxing Day, we celebrate still. The third day and fourth day of Christmas were removed in the calendar reform under Gustav III 1772nd Epiphany is thus always January 6.
The day before a holiday is called evening thus Twelfth Night, January 5.
Far back in ancient times the Church celebrated Jesus' birthday on January 6. The day is called Epiphany, which is Greek for revelation party. But the 300's, it was decided that Jesus was born on December 25. At Epiphany January 6 is celebrated arrival of the Magi to Bethlehem and their adoration of the child with gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh. They represent, according to legend, Europe, Asia and Africa, which were the three continents were known in the Middle Ages. They are a symbol of the worldwide acclaimed child.
During the 1000's, grew church games with star singers and they soon fell in more secular contexts. In Sweden we have had a lot of pranks during Christmas with young people who dress up and walk around the farm and sing, clown, up the small tableaux, and begging together food and drink at Christmas Youth guilds and playhouses.
On Twelfth Night dressed man consistently up as the three wise men and carried around a big shining star. Judas was more or less obvious and sometimes it was Joseph with his staff and sometimes with Mary with child, angels, Herod and his soldiers. Star singers' visit was more or less atmospheric and burlesque and has varied in different areas and at different times.
During Christmas night (the night between Christmas Eve and Christmas Day) had the dead returned from the cemetery to their homes, but now it was considered to be high time for them to go back to their graves. Therefore was the name of thirteen days in Småland, in the past such as "farängladagen". "The angels go back"....)
This photo above is from: Kulturlagret/ Vänersborgs museum.
Karl Johansson, Hjärtum 1888-05-14,
Johan Jonsson, Hjärtum 1880-11-01,
Abraham Jonsson, Hjärtum 1875-01-13,
They are posing in their fine Sunday clothes on Epiphany 1909 in front of the timber to the new barn on Arnstorp as "laftats up" before it is installed in its place.


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The Need for Cultural Studies:
Resisting Intellectuals and Oppositional Public Spheres
Henry Giroux, David Shumway, Paul Smith, and James Sosnoski
In North American universities the study of culture [1] is so fragmented through specialization that concerted cultural critique is almost impossible. The historical development of insulated disciplines housed in segregated departments has produced a legitimating ideology that in effect suppresses critical thought. Rationalized as the protection of the integrity of specific disciplines, the departmentalization of inquiry has contributed to the reproduction of the dominant culture by isolating its critics from each other. [2] Under the banner of the academic freedom of experts to direct their own activity, specialists now bind themselves in discursive formations that generally circumscribe the nature of their inquiries.
The practitioners of disciplines investigating cultural phenomena e.g., anthropology, sociology, history, literary studies--are limited in their ability to communicate with each other about their common concerns. Traditional literary study, for instance, has developed within formalistic parameters that set an almost impassable boundary between the study of a society and the study of a novel; similarly, sociologists make use of literature in ways that alienate traditional literary critics. And so on. The conventional wisdom for academics is to let members of other departments do whatever they say is their work in whatever way they choose--as long as this right is granted to them. As a consequence of these developments, the study of culture is conducted in fragments. And, in so far as experts must define themselves over and against a public comprised of amateurs, specialization removes intellectuals from other public spheres. [3] Critique is thus disabled and the mechanisms of both social and cultural reproduction enabled.
The role of the specialist is not altogether compatible with the role of the intellectual. As Paul Piccone remarks,
unless one fudges the definition of intellectuals in terms of purely formal and statistical educational criteria, it is fairly clear that what modern society produces is an army or alienated, privatized, and uncultured experts who are knowledgeable only within very narrowly defined areas. This technical intelligentsia, rather than intellectuals in the traditional sense of thinkers concerned with the totality, is growing by leaps and bounds to run the increasingly complex bureaucratic and industrial apparatus. Its rationality, however, is only instrumental in character, and thus suitable mainly to perform partial tasks rather than tackling substantial questions of social organization and political direction. [4]The argument of our essay is that there is a need for cultural studies to engage critically exactly those social and political issues to which Piccone alludes, and to promote an understanding of both the enabling and constraining dimensions of culture. This suggests both the development of a critique and the production of cultural forms consonant with emancipatory interests. One important task for such a transformative critique is to identify the fissures in the ideologies of the dominant culture. In the absence of intellectuals who can critically analyze a society's contradictions, the dominant culture continues to reproduce its worst effects all the more efficaciously. And, without a sphere for cultural critique, the resisting intellectual has no voice in public affairs.
This essay begins by showing how definitions of disciplines are historically arbitrary. It then goes on to argue that attempts to cut across the arbitrary boundaries set by disciplines and to develop interdisciplinary programs--American or Canadian Studies, Women's Studies, Black Studies, etc.--have failed. Next, the essay argues that the traditional humanist rationale for the disciplinary study of culture is inappropriate in that it masks the role that members of a culture can play as agents in its formation. This leads us to argue for the necessity of a counter-disciplinary praxis. At this point, we introduce the notion of the resisting intellectual as an educational formation necessary to restore to academics their roles as intellectuals. The sections that follow sketch out some of the implications of our argument: a return of intellectuals from ivory-towered departments to the public sphere; and a movement away from individualist, esoteric research towards collective inquiries into social ills. The essay concludes by outlining conditions for the development of Cultural Studies.
I. The Arbitrariness of Disciplines and the Failure of Interdisciplines
Most of us think of academic disciplines as the reflection of more or less 'natural' categories of things which we call subjects. English is different from history because literature and history are two distinct sorts of thing. But if we consider the matter further we soon recognize that the identification of a discipline with natural objects doesn't explain very much. In the first place, a particular group of objects is the subject of any number of disciplines. The same text, Uncle Tom's Cabin for example, can be studied both by literary scholars and historians. Secondly, the particular objects which a discipline studies do not remain the same throughout its history. 'Literature' has had its current reference--fiction, poetry, and drama--only since the early 19th century. Furthermore, the way in which categories are defined regularly changes. English has been recognized as a legitimate area of study only since the late nineteenth century, and new subdisciplines in physics or chemistry have been emerging at an ever increasing pace.
What is studied under the aegis of an academic discipline at any given time is not a natural subject matter, but a field which is itself constituted in the practice of the discipline. Such a field is not arbitrary in the sense that it develops randomly or on whim; rather, a field can be called arbitrary because it is contingent on historical circumstance. Hence it reflects cultural, social, and institutional demands. This is true of all academic fields, but especially so in fields outside the natural sciences. To understand why this is the case, it is necessary to look more closely at the formation of academic disciplines.
Michel Foucault has shown that discipline [5] as a particular strategy of social control and organization began at the end of the Classical age and came into dominance in the modern period. Though Foucault is not directly concerned with academic disciplines, much of his analysis applies to these enterprises. What is characteristic of disciplinary technologies is their capacity simultaneously to normalize and hierarchize, to homogenize and differentiate. The paradox is explained by the control which discipline asserts over difference. Because norms are carefully established and maintained, deviation can be measured on a scale. The goal of the professional in a discipline is always to move up this scale by differing only in the appropriate ways.
It does not require Foucauldian analysis to understand that a discipline limits discourse. To be part of a discipline means to ask certain questions, to use a particular set of terms, and to study a relatively narrow set of things. But Foucault's work does help us to see how these limitations, this discipline, are enforced by institutions through various rewards and punishments most of which pertain to hierarchical ranking. The ultimate punishment is exclusion. If one ceases to speak within the discourse of the discipline, one will no longer be considered part of it. This does not usually mean that heretics will be prohibited from teaching or even from publishing; rather, they are simply marginalized. The situation is similarly severe for the new Ph.D. for whom the price of admission into the academy is the same conformity with dominant academic discourses.
Even though the development of normal science in Kuhn's sense distinguishes the natural sciences from other disciplines, 'The human sciences constantly try to copy the natural sciences' exclusion from their theories of any references to the [social and historical] background.' [6] In the social sciences and humanities there has been an increasing normalization consistent with the professionalization of the various disciplines, but it is clear that no discipline has succeeded in completely excluding 'background' from its theories. Formalizing techniques can make normal science possible in the social sciences and the humanities only by excluding the social skills, institutions, and power arrangements that make the isolation of attributes possible. This practice ignores the social practice and cultural interaction of social scientists and humanists.
Because social practice is not one of the objects constituted by the natural sciences, 'it is always possible and generally desirable that an unchallenged normal science which defines and resolves problems concerning the structure of the physical universe establish itself, [but] in the social sciences such an unchallenged normal science would only indicate that an orthodoxy had established itself, not through scientific achievement, but by ignoring the background and eliminating all competitors.' [7] Although humanistic disciplines allow a wider variety of activities than do the disciplines of the natural sciences, these activities themselves are hierarchically valued. In English, for instance, normal study under the New Critical 'paradigm' was the acontextual interpretation of individual texts of the literary canon. Other kinds of scholarship were permitted and sometimes rewarded, but were never allowed to overshadow normal New Critical practice. Historical scholarship, in this instance, had its place, but it was regarded as subsidiary to New Criticism. [8]
Although work in the humanities does not pose as normal science, its disciplinary structure aims at producing specialists. The disciplinary structure of study in literature, history, sociology, and other divisions that often focus on culture, tends to prohibit these specialists from relating their knowledge to public spheres. Disciplinary study requires constant attention to those few questions that constitute its current specialized concern. These questions are inevitably far removed from the genuine controversies in a given culture.
Interdisciplinary movements such as American Studies and Women's Studies have often developed out of the sense that the most important issues were being lost in the cracks between the rigid boundaries of the disciplines. As a consequence, American Studies began with the agenda of retrieving such issues. It should be remembered that the nationalism which spawned American Studies and Canadian Studies was openly political, and that American Studies books were critical of the ideological interests embedded in canonical documents of American culture. Nevertheless, American Studies should be regarded as a cautionary example to those who would try to establish Cultural Studies as an interdisciplinary enterprise within the academy. The problem is that no solid alternatives to disciplinary structure have evolved within the academy and, as a result, movements such as American Studies paradoxically must strive to become disciplines. Thus, while these movements often begin with a critical perspective, they retreat from radical critique as they become more successful. To the extent that such movements resist disciplines, their seriousness is questioned. Practitioners are regarded as dilettantes rather than real scholars, and their enterprises are written off as mere fads. In American Studies, the idea of interdisciplinarity became a means for practitioners to challenge a particular hierarchy, but it did not offer an alternative to hierarchical order. And as American Studies became more entrenched, interdisciplinarity receded in importance in the rhetoric of the movement. [9]
It would be a mistake to regard the failure of interdisciplinary movements to remain critical enterprises as the result of the suppression of political ideas. Because an intellectual's political views are posited as irrelevant to the work of disciplines themselves, speaking and thinking about political and social questions is construed as merely eccentric to the disciplinary study of culture. This failure to engage historical contexts and social particularities can be seen most clearly in the type of pedagogy that traditional disciplines institute.
Difficulties with the Traditional Rationale of the Study of Culture
Broadly speaking, the rationale of traditional humanistic education is that it offers students assured access to a storehouse of cultural materials which is constituted as a canon. Such a canon is, of course, relatively flexible in its definition insofar as it can incorporate and take cognizance of both marginal and recondite materials; as a thesaurus of sorts it cannot pass up anything of value. The values that are operational here do fluctuate according to specific ideological needs--witness the now quite secure incorporation of a women's studies canon or even a literary theory canon into some university curricula. But, at the same time, there is an always implicit 'gold standard' by which these provisional incrementations and fluctuations are regulated. Just recently, the head of NEH, William Bennett, conducted an ad hoc survey to discover what books every high school student 'might reasonably be expected to have studied' before graduation. The list of such books, thirty in all, ranged from Plato's Republic, through some Virgil, Chaucer, Dickens and Tolstoy, to Catcher in the Rye. [10] These books and authors represent the regulatory standard of a certain cultural currency by which the humanities and their productions are measured. A familiarity with the stable central core of the canon is said to enable students to absorb the values enshrined there, to the point that they could apply those values to its more marginal or provisional components. Most importantly, students would have access to a wealth which is 'humanizing' in its effect; but that effect is a complicity with the economy which has produced that wealth for humanity.
Leaving aside the not unimportant questions of how this project for the humanities is effected ideologically, and of how it relates in practice to students' lived lives (their individual socio-economic histories), it is important to ask whether or not it would be desirable or even necessary for Cultural Studies to appropriate or exploit in any way the same kind of educational rationale. After all, and as the new right is quick to point out, that rationale has always taken seriously the ideological effect and function for students of what is taught. By learning the dominant culture, or imbibing its representative values, students are theoretically enabled in that they are given the wherewithal for particular manners of action and behaviour within that culture. The argument can easily be made (as it is often made in Women's Studies, for example, that the teaching of an alternative substance, of a new canon, can effectively produce new ideological positions and thence political actions.
However, it must be remembered that the humanist rationale for the canon is based upon an hierarchical economy where cultural objects are ranked. Certain of those objects (Shakespeare's writing, for example) are assumed to be 'the best' of western culture; they thus represent, synecdochally, the essence of the culture. It is exactly this symbolic view of culture against which Cultural Studies should fight. The installation of a new canon, constructed on assumptions about what is most important and valuable for students to know or be familiar with, merely replicates the traditional hierarchical view of culture, albeit in a novel and perhaps minimally subversive form. Cultural Studies, on the other hand, should be built upon a different economy, one which sees that cultural objects are, in fact, disposed relationally.
This is to say that Cultural Studies look with suspicion upon any hierarchizing project through which culture is synecdochally delimited to certain of its parts, whether such parts represent the culture's essential 'best' or even if they represent what has been predetermined as politically or ethically important and valuable. Cultural Studies should, in short, abandon the goal of giving students access to that which represents a culture. Instead, Cultural Studies has the possibility of investigating culture as a set of activities which is lived and developed within asymmetrical relations of power, or as irreducibly a process which cannot be immobilized in the image of a storehouse.
By investigating and teaching the claim that culture is in a real sense unfinished, Cultural Studies can secure its own political effectiveness. Students--particularly those marginalised by the values of the dominant culture--can be disabused of the notion that the culture they actually inhabit is somehow not theirs or available to them only through proper initiation into the values enshrined in representative texts. Cultural Studies, taking new (i.e. necessarily non-canonical) objects and implicating them in a relational rather than hierarchical view, encourages a questioning of the premises of dominant educational and political practices. Most importantly, Cultural Studies can refuse to agree that 'literature [and any other cultural object]...is distinct from politics' [11] and can thus re-consider the ideological and political appurtenance of a text or any set of texts.
Clearly, what is at stake here is the possibility that Cultural Studies could promote in students, not a striving after a predetermined or a once-and-for-all complacent accession to a given set of cultural values, but rather a continual analysis of their own conditions of existence. Such a praxis, founded in an overthrowing of the preassumptions of traditional disciplinary approaches to culture, is a pre-requisite for self conscious and effective resistance to dominant structures.
II. The Need for a Counter-Disciplinary Praxis
In the first section of the essay we pointed out that disciplines concerned with the analysis of culture, including those called humanistic, have attempted to model themselves on the pattern of 'normal science.' Their aim is to describe culture, to accumulate knowledge about a culture. In the preceding section we argued that such an aim leaves the impression on students that a culture has a permanent character and that specific structures can be described in an essentialist manner. Such procedures are especially pernicious in those disciplines associated with the humanities since they suggest that the culture has already been formed rather than that it is in the process of transformation.
Cultural Studies should resist such tendencies. This requires a movement away from our de-contextualized conception of disciplinary practices toward a 'conception of human Praxis, emphasising that human beings are neither to be treated as passive objects nor as wholly free subjects,' since the study of human life is properly 'the study of definite social practices, geared to human needs.' [12]
Given the disciplinary mechanisms at work in the structure of Western universities, such a praxis is necessarily counter-disciplinary in the sense that it resists the notion that the study of culture is the accumulation of knowledge about it. In our view, the proper study of culture is 'intrinsically involved with that which has to be done' [13] in societies rife with oppression. The precondition of such action is critical resistance to prevailing practices. However, resistance will not be effective if it is random and isolated; intellectuals must play the crucial role of mobilizing such resistance into a praxis that has political impact.
Resisting Intellectuals
Central to the emancipatory project that informs our notion of Cultural Studies is a reformulation of the role of the intellectual both within and outside the university. We concur with Gramsci that it is important to view intellectuals in political terms. [14] The intellectual is more than a person of letters, or a producer and transmitter of ideas. Intellectuals are also mediators, legitimators, and producers of ideas and practices; they perform a function eminently political in nature. Gramsci distinguishes between conservative and radical organic intellectuals. Conservative organic intellectuals provide the dominant classes with forms of moral and intellectual leadership. As agents of the status quo, such intellectuals identify with the dominant relations of power and become, consciously or unconsciously, the propagators of its ideologies and values. They provide the ruling classes with rationales for economic, political and ethical formations.
According to Gramsci, conservative organic intellectuals can be found in all strata of advanced industrial society--in industrial organizations, in universities, in the culture industry, in various forms of management, and so on. He claims that radical organic intellectuals also attempt to provide the moral and intellectual leadership for the working class. More specifically, radical organic intellectuals provide the pedagogical and political skills that are necessary to raise political awareness in the working class, and to help it develop leadership and engage in collective struggle.
Gramsci's analysis is helpful in formulating one of the central goals of Cultural Studies: the creation of what we want to call resisting intellectuals. This differs from Gramsci's notion of radical organic we believe that such intellectuals can emerge from and work with any number of groups which resist the suffocating knowledge and practices that constitute their social formation. Resisting intellectuals can provide the moral, political and pedagogical leadership for those groups which take as their starting point the transformative critique of the conditions of oppression. The epithet 'organic' in our case cannot be reserved for those intellectuals who take the working class as the only revolutionary agent.
The notion of the resisting intellectual is important in the most immediate sense because it makes visible the paradoxical position in which radical intellectuals in higher education find themselves in the 1 980's. On the one hand, such intellectuals earn a living within institutions that play a fundamental role in producing the dominant culture. On the other hand, radical intellectuals define their political terrain by offering to students forms of oppositional discourse and critical social practices at odds with the hegemonic role of the university and the society which it supports. In many cases, this paradox works in favor of the university:
More often than not, [the] goal has been to elaborate disciplines rather than develop projects, to meld the bloodless tenets of semiology, systems theory, pragmatism and positivism with the archaicisms of historical materialism. The unflagging appetite of these leftist intellectuals to gain credibility within their respective disciplines, to be au courant and appreciated as its 'left wing' and its most 'forward looking tendency,' is appalling evidence that what we lack is...a revolutionary intellectual movement. [15]
Bookchin's remarks remind us that critical scholarship is generally removed from any relation to concrete political movements; radical social theory becomes a mere commodity for academic journals and conferences; and radical intellectuals get safely ensconced within a tenure system that offers them as proof of the university's commitment to liberal pluralism.
Rather than surrender to this form of academic and political incorporation, Cultural Studies needs to define the role of the resisting intellectual as a counter-hegemonic practice that can both avoid and challenge it. In general terms, we can point to the following pedagogical and strategic activities. First, Cultural Studies needs to develop a curriculum and a pedagogy that stress the mediating and political role of intellectuals. This means providing students with the critical tools they will need to both understand and dismantle the chronic rationalization of harmful social practices, while simultaneously appropriating the knowledge and skills they need to rethink the project of human emancipation. Secondly, resisting intellectuals must actively engage in projects which encourage them to address their own critical role in the production and legitimation of social relations. Such projects are necessary not only to fight against conservative intellectuals and the multiple contexts in which legitimation processes occur, but also to broaden the theoretical and political movements outside the university. Resisting intellectuals must develop and work with movements outside of the limiting contours of the disciplines, symposia, and reward systems that have become the sole referent for intellectual activity. More importantly, such a project broadens the notion of education and takes seriously Gramsci's notion of all society as a vast school. [16] In addition, it encourages resisting intellectuals to play an active role in the many public spheres that are developing around various ideological conflicts.
Cultural Studies thus posits the need for resisting intellectuals who can establish new forms of political relations within and outside the university. In this theoretical context, Cultural Studies echoes Gramsci's call for radical intellectuals to forge alliances around new historical blocs. Intellectuals can play an important role in empowering individuals and groups within oppositional public domains.
Public Spheres, Popular Culture and Cultural Studies
The importance for Cultural Studies of participating in oppositional public spheres is an underlying premise of this essay. A counterdisciplinary praxis undertaken by resisting intellectuals would not be effective if it had as its only audience people in universities. Rather, it should take place more extensively in public. Although many universities are public institutions, we rarely consider them part of the public sphere.
If Cultural Studies is to be understood as an oppositional public sphere, it should not be conceived as a 'department' or as part of the boundary separating professional activities from those of amateurs. Instead of thinking of Cultural Studies in terms which more properly characterize disciplines, we should reconceive traditional rationales in an effort to create counter practices. The classroom, to take one instance, is viewed traditionally as a place where information is transmitted to students. Experts in a discipline impart to apprentices the received knowledge about a particular subject matter; students are not agents in this process, but passive and overtly uncritical receptacles. However, as we have argued, if we grant students an active role in the process of cultural formation, they can become agents in the production of social practices. To accomplish this we should become involved in fostering forms of resistance; a critical pedagogy is required which will promote the identification and analysis of the underlying ideological interests at stake in the text and its readings. We are then engaged together as resisting intellectuals in a social practice that allows both parties to construe themselves as agents in the process of their own cultural formation. An obvious concretization of this praxis might be a woman resisting the view of women proffered in a canonical novel. This instance is a reflection of resistance to large-scale social practices that oppress women. Such resistance needs to be produced. Rather than abandon scholarship, resisting intellectuals need to repoliticize it. Scholarly publications, the disciplinary criterion used to establish the merit of professional opinions against those of a public made up of amateurs, do not reach the public. Though it is not appropriate to argue the point here, we contend that the disciplines presently concerned with the study of culture are unduly bound to the premise that their task is to do disciplinary research, that is, to accumulate and store in a retrievable way descriptions of cultural phenomenon. But, if we reconceive our activity as the production of (rather than the description of social practices, then what we do in our classrooms is easily extended into public spheres. We cannot capitulate to the disciplinary notion that research has as its only audience other experts in the field. Resisting intellectuals must legitimate the notion of writing reviews and books for the general public, and they must create a language of critique balanced by a language of possibility that will that will enable social change. [17]
This means that we need to become involved in the political reading of popular culture. As Stanley Aronowitz remarks in 'Colonized Leisure, Trivialized Work,' 'It remains for us to investigate in what way mass culture becomes constitutive of social reality.' [18] Training in disciplinary practices leads us away from the study of the relation between culture and society and toward the accumulation of descriptions of cultural material cut off from its connection to everyday life. As Aronowitz points out:
To fully understand the ideological impact and manipulative functions of current media presentations, it is necessary to appreciate the multi-layered character of contemporary mass culture. In addition to the overt ideological content of films and television--transmitting new role models, values life styles to be more or less consciously emulated by a mass audience--there is also a series of covert messages contained within them which appeal to the audience largely on the unconscious level ....Typically, [these] define the character of the spectator's experience of the spectacle in terms of the...gratification of his or her unconscious desires....By creating a system of pseudo-gratifications, mass culture functions as a sort of social regulator, attempting to absorb tensions arising out of everyday life and to detect frustrations which might otherwise actualize themselves in opposition to the system into channels which serve the system. [19]
It is because the effects of culture are so often unconsciously absorbed, that the need for a Cultural Studies emphasising critique arises. As we pointed out earlier in this essay, the disciplines that claim selected aspects of culture as their subject restrict that subject arbitrarily--for instance, by constituting the field of literary study as a canon. Simultaneously, they have placed a wedge between professionals and the public in the service of the ruling classes as in the case of literary study where so-called, 'low' culture is excluded from the research domain. Nor should we now continue to be fooled by the admission of films, popular novels, soap operas and the like into the curricula of literature departments. As long as such cultural artifacts are examined as merely the materials that make up a fixed culture, their disciplinary descriptions will do no more than create storehouses of knowledge having almost nothing to do with lived culture, much less its transformation. Only a counter-disciplinary praxis developed by intellectuals who resist disciplinary formation is likely to produce emancipatory social practices.
The problem with suggesting that Cultural Studies be counter disciplinary is that it cannot be housed in universities as they are presently structured. Hence the need for counter-institutions. There would be various sorts of collectives, variously membered--study groups, counter-disciplinary research groups, even societies and institutes.
It is unlikely that the disciplinary structures and mechanisms of universities will disappear in the near future. However, it would be a mistake to locate Cultural Studies within them. Our alternative would be to treat disciplines as peripheral to our main concerns while nonetheless obtaining some important concessions from their administrators. This is a tactical matter which has to be negotiated situation by situation. However, we can go even further and develop models of collaborative inquiry that extend beyond the university in order to combat hegemonic public spheres and to form alliances with other oppositional public spheres. In the context of Cultural Studies it will not be appropriate simply to generate idiosyncratic interpretations of cultural artifacts. The most important aim of a counter-disciplinary praxis is radical social change.
We should not be resigned to the roles that universities assign us. The resisting intellectual can develop a collective, counter-disciplinary praxis within the university that has a political impact outside it. The important tactical question at this moment in the history of North American universities is how to get Cultural Studies established as a form of cultural critique. Our suggestion has been the formation of institutes for cultural studies that can constitute an oppositional public sphere.
If Cultural Studies is to be informed by a political project that gives a central place to critique and social transformation, it will have to begin with a dual recognition. First, it is imperative to recognize that the university has a particular set of relations with the dominant society. These relations define the university as neither a locus of domination nor a locus of freedom. Instead, the university, with relative autonomy, functions largely to produce and legitimate the knowledge skills and social relations that characterize the dominant power relations in society. Universities, like other public institutions, contain points of resistance and struggle, and it is within these spaces that the ideological and material conditions exist to produce oppositional discourses and practices. Such a recognition not only politicizes the university and its relation to the dominant society, it interrogates the political nature of Cultural Studies as both a sphere of critique and as a medium of social transformation. This leads to the second point.
If it is to be a radical social project, Cultural Studies must develop a self-regulating discourse; by this we mean a discourse that contains a language of critique and a concomitant language of possibility. In the first instance, it must lay bare the historically specific interests that structure the academic disciplines, the relations among them, and the manner in which the form and content of the disciplines reproduce and legitimate the dominant culture. This is a central task for Cultural Studies. For, if it is to promote an oppositional discourse and method of inquiry, it will have to embody interests that affirm rather than deny the political and normative importance of history, ethics and social interaction.
The discourse of Cultural Studies must resist the interests contained in the established academic disciplines and departments. It must interrogate the knowledge-claims and the modes of intelligibility central to the defense of the academic status quo in various departments and disciplines. Equally importantly, Cultural Studies must indict the interests embedded in the questions not asked within academic disciplines. That is, it must develop methods of inquiry into how the present absences and structured silences that govern teaching, scholarship, and administration within academic departments deny the link between knowledge and power, reduce culture to an unquestioned object of mastery, and refuse to acknowledge the particular way of life that dominant academic discourse helps to produce and legitimate.
In order to retain its theoretical and political integrity, Cultural Studies must develop forms of critical knowledge as well as a critique of knowledge itself. Such a task demands resistance to the reification and fragmentation that characterizes the disciplines. Because of their constitution, disciplinary structures obstruct the overthrowing of technical and social divisions of labor of which they are part and which they help to produce. Cultural Studies needs to develop a theory of the way in which different social formations are both produced and reproduced within the asymmetrical relations of power characterizing the dominant society. Similarly, it needs to develop a language of possibility, one in which knowledge would be viewed as part of a collective learning process connected to the dynamics of struggle both within and outside the university. Cultural Studies, in this sense, must develop an oppositional discourse and a counter-disciplinary praxis to deal with struggles over different orders of representation, conflicting forms of cultural experience, and diverse visions of the future. Clearly, the interests that inform such a problematic cannot be developed within traditional departments. Currently, the structure of universities is inextricably tied to interests which suppress the critical concerns of intellectuals willing to fight for oppositional public spheres. Such interests can be dismantled in favor of more radical practices only through the collective efforts of resisting intellectuals.
1. Our working definition of culture is taken from John Clarke, Stuart Hall. Tony Jefferson and Brian Roberts' 'Subculture, Culture and Class' in Resistance Through Rituals, edited by Stuart Hall and Tony Jefferson (London: Hutchinson Publicalions. 1976): 'By culture we undersland the shared principles of life characteristic or particular classes, groups or social milieux. Cultures are produccd as groups make sense of their social existence in the course of everyday experience Culture is intimate, therefore, with thc world of practical action. It suffices, for most of the time, for managing everyday life. Since, however, this everyday world is itself problematic, culture must perforce take complex and heterogenous forms, not at all free from contradictions.' pages 10-17.
2. This remark is based on the work of several members of the Group for Research into thc Institutionalization and Professionalization of Literary Study (GRIP) who have been examining the relationship between the historical development of disciplines and their departmentalization. See also Thomas S. Popkewitz Social Science and Social Amelioration: The Development or the American Academic Expert. in Paradigm and Ideology in Educational Research (Philadclphia: Thc Falmer Prcss. 1984), pp 107-128
3. See Burton Bledstein's The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and The Development of Higher Education in America. (New York: Norton, 1976)
4. Paul Piccone,'Symposium: Intellectuals in the l980s.' Telos 50 (Winter, 1981-82). p 116
5. Michel Foucault. Discipline and Punish (New York: Pantheon), Part Three. pp 135rr.
6. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1982), p. 163.
7. Dreyfus and Rabinow, pp 163-4.
8. See J. Sosnoski's 'Thc Magister Implicatus as an Institutionalized Authority Figure: Rereading the History of New Criticism,' The GRIP Report, Vol. I, (Oxford, Ohio: Research in Progress circulated by the Socicty for Critical Exchange).
9. See D. Shumway's 'Interdisciplinarity and Authority in American Studies.' The GRIP Report, Vol. I.
10. See New York Times. August 13, 1984, p. 7. One wonders at the inclusion in this canonical list The Communist Manifesto; a symptom of paranoia or cautious liberalism, or both?
11. See PN Review 10:6, p. 4-5--a piece which is a quite typical expression of the new right's emergent views on the ideological relations of literature.
12. Anthony Giddens. Central Problems in Social Theory (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1983), pages 150-51.
13. Giddens. p. 4.
14. Gramsci, The Prison Notebooks (New York: International Publications, 1971), pp. 5-27.
15. Murray Bookchin, 'Symposium: Intellectuals in the 1980s,' Telos 50 (Winter, 1981-82).p.
16. Gramsci. The Prison Notebooks, passim.
17. See Peter Hohendahl's The Institution of Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982). 44ff. and 242ff. for a discussion or this point.
18. Stanley Aronowitz. False Promises (New York: McGraw-Hill. 1973). p. 97.
19. Aronowitz. p 111.