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List of Contacts Needed
Thank you for taking the time to view my bid.
I am looking for 400 to possibly 2000 contacts ALL WITHIN the United States from small bloggers, or any contact that has an audience where they sell/promote/review fitness/health products.
The list needs the following:
*Email address contact
*Name of Company or blog
*Location by state if available (just the state, I do not need entire address)
~Please give your fee per a found contact and estimated time of delivery.
you are looking for those websites which sells health products? please pm, i can get this done, thanks...........!
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u need details of any type of bloggers? or any particular industry? u need details of any type of bloggers? or any particular industry?
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Studying for the LSAT / should I change my test date to october?« on: May 19, 2013, 06:29:44 PM »
I just finished a Kaplan course (not much help) , my diagnostic was a 153 and after 3 months of study I have peaked at a score of 155. I have 3 weeks until my June administration and I'm devastated. Despite my hard work all of my practice tests have fallen within this range. I'm currently signed up for the June LSAT but am considering moving my test date to October. My goal score is a 165. Should I buckle down and hope for the best come test day or pay the fee and move the test to october? how will this effect my app? do most schools average their test scores?
Thanks a bunch everyone
Thanks a bunch everyone

subset: commoncrawl


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William Williams died September 13, 2012
William Von Williams the son of William Williams and Mary Maude Eubanks Williams was born in Little Rock, Arkansas on September 12, 1944 and passed away at Baptist medical Center in Little Rock, Arkansas on September 13, 2012 at the age of 68 years.
William had been a resident of Greers Ferry for over 30 years. He attended the Bud Creek Baptist Church and was a saw mill worker. He enjoyed working in his yard, sports and was interested in anything military. He was a veteran of the United States Navy having served in Vietnam on the USS Randolph Aircraft Carrier.
He is survived by his wife Mary Norris Williams of Greers Ferry, a daughter Yuette Smith, a brother Tommy Williams and a sister Billie Ann Burgess, 7 step children besides other relatives and many friends.
A visitation was held at Shiloh Crossroads Church at 1:00 PM Tuesday, September 18, 2012 and Funeral Services were held at Shiloh Crossroads Church and Cemetery on Tuesday, September 18, at 2:00 PM with Rev. Darvin Carlton officiating.


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"Thanks to Fujitsu, we don't need to focus on firefighting individual servers. Everything can be controlled from one single, unified dashboard while issues are highlighted early and can be simply located and resolved"
Maciej Pieczka, IT Manager, Jurasz Hospital
Established in 1836, the Dr Anthony Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz is the largest public health service in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region of Poland, treating over 40,000 inpatients and more than 200,000 outpatients every year. In addition to highly specialized medical procedures, its task as a university hospital involves training postgraduate medical staff, as well as scientific and research activity. The hospital has 25 clinics and departments, 8 plants, a Specialist Clinic team and employs over 2,500 people.
In the highly sensitive hospital environment, it is imperative that patient records and core systems are always available, however, the hospital had grown organically over the years and its IT infrastructure had evolved in a piecemeal fashion. There were 20 different IT systems operating independently without any central management. Unsurprisingly, this created significant challenges for the IT team who were faced with handling individual servers from various vendors using different operating systems.
"Our IT infrastructure must work without failure but it was divided into small pieces each with its own server and storage. This created a lot of work but no-one could figure out the bigger picture and see how we could better integrate the entire system," explains Maciej Pieczka, IT Manager, Jurasz Hospital. "We wanted to overhaul everything in order to make it easier to manage, more cost-effective and less of a burden on the IT staff. We also wanted to reduce our power consumption and provide better support in case of failure."
The hospital wanted an integrated, flexible solution on which it could rely. Working within strict public sector procurement guidelines, the team visited other public organizations of similar size to see what comparable solutions were in place. It also tested a number of blade server and storage systems for performance. Having drawn up the specifications for the new architecture, several vendors were invited to tender a solution. Fujitsu was selected based on cost and ability to meet the demands.
"Fujitsu was clearly able to rise to the challenge we set out within a budget that satisfied the procurement people," adds Maciej Pieczka. "Having fine-tuned the proposal, we were ready to get to work."
Working together over a period of five months, Fujitsu and the hospital created two server rooms connected by a fiber channel network. In the first, nine Fujitsu PRIMERGY BX900 blade servers are complemented with an ETERNUS DX410 S2 SAN storage array; the second room consists of four blade servers and an ETERNUS DX90 S2 acting as a mirror for disaster recovery. The team implemented Fujitsu ServerView® Resource Orchestrator VE to guarantee optimal availability.
Fujitsu ServerView® Resource Orchestrator VE consolidates resources into virtualized pools and then provides self-service functions that enable automatic deployment and operation of virtual platforms in response to user requests. The software also enables efficient platform operation, by allowing the hospital to visualize the usage and status of their specific resources.
"We migrated our applications and data step by step so as not to disrupt the running of the hospital. Services included the hospital information system, ERP, Business Intelligence, reporting services and many small Java applications developed in-house," continues Maciej Pieczka. "There were also Oracle, PostgreSQL and MySQL databases, patient databases and time management applications. These are now all hosted on up to 40 virtual machines provided by Hyper-V."
The IT department was instantly struck by how much easier the new system is to manage: "We don't need to focus on firefighting individual servers, which frees up our time for more strategic activity. Everything can be controlled from one single, unified dashboard; issues are highlighted early and can be simply located and resolved. Switching to the backup system is also a fast and straightforward task."
From a user perspective, the experience has improved immensely as errors and incidents can be addressed without the need for downtime. This added stability has led to increased productivity. The solution is also reducing energy consumption because all the components – from node servers and fiber switches to the management panel – draw power from the integrated blade system.
"Previously, the primary, critical services would go down from time to time causing disruption for users and making our lives stressful. Now, we enjoy a stable, secure platform with maximum uptime and minimal stress," says Maciej Pieczka. "Deploying new applications is also simple and we can hot-plug new hardware easily without having to reconfigure physical network addresses. This all makes for a better performing, better controlled platform."
With the new server rooms up and running, Maciej Pieczka is looking at other areas where Fujitsu can help. One particular department is Radiology, where demand for storage is intense.
"We've bought new medical hardware recently for the Radiology department and that is generating lots of new data-rich images and X-Rays," concludes Maciej Pieczka. "We'll need to expand the existing storage solution and naturally we'll invite Fujitsu to offer advice.
"Partnering with Fujitsu has been a seamless, collaborative process without any problems. From my experience, compared to other vendors, Fujitsu solutions look good, work well and are the most competitive in terms of price."
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DawsonCenter needed a new banner ad design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 111 designs submitted by 28 freelance designers.
Dawson Center
We are a non-profit that provides educational services for high achieving public school middle school students.
This summer will will bring students onto each of our two campuses (NV and CO) for a five week, full time summer program. Each year, our studies have a thematic focus and for 2010 our focus will be on Epidemic.
Our students will work in math (statistics of outbreak, linear v. geometric progression), science (viral spread, genetics,) and humanities (black death, history of colonization, 1918, public policy options.)
The poster has two goals:
to recruit students, and to brand the summer program.
The poster design will also be used in all ancillary materials (flyers, programs, etc.) related to the summer program.
Text requirements:
Large bold font: Epidemic
small text at the bottom: July 1-August 7, 2009
Logo: Alexander Dawson Foundation (provided)
url: http://www.dawsoncenter.org
This poster needs to capture everyone's attention, but we are a little concerned that H1N1 might make the subject hotter than we would like it to be.
Simplicity should be a design principle for this work...but don't make it too simple. Find the balance. I am not afraid of white space, so you don't have to be either.
The colors for this poster should be hot. Red and white are likely options, but don't go crazy with blood.
Here are some concepts that might be represented visually:
Epidemics are not about individuals: They affect large populations.
Government/NGO response
DO NOT reference H1N1 directly.


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Celebrate the success of others. When someone you know — a colleague, a friend, even a professional acquaintance — succeeds in getting what she wants, be a cheerleader. Announce her success on Twitter or Facebook. Good karma. Good business.
We'll start:
Attention DailyWorth interior decorators, professional and hobbyist alike. Daisy Janie has a new fabric collection, "Urbana." Daisy Janie's modern, nature-inspired fabrics are featured in RealSimple and Domino magazines. Visit daisyjanie.com Oöna Health Inc., founded by Valerie Otto, began as a provider of an all-natural herbal alternative to Hormone Replacement Therapy for the relief of menopausal symptoms.
That product was so successful that Oöna has since branched out into other herbal supplements for women, including lines that treat pre-menstrual symptoms and peri-menopause. Oöna's products are available through natural health food stores, such as Whole Foods, independent pharmacies, and at online stores, such as drugstore.com Galia Gichon, of Down-to-Earth Finance, launches a new Simply Money seminar series in New York City June 1st.
David Ronick, supporter of DailyWorth since our inception, Harvard MBA, and successful entrepreneur, has recently launched a consulting firm UpStart Advisors to support budding entrepreneurs. He also has a blog focused on business planning and venture capital. Hire him to help you start your new venture.
And now for our own horn-tooting ... DailyWorth founder Amanda Steinberg is highlighted on today's Featured Beauty section of the Real Beauty Is. RealBeautyIs.com empowers women to feel good about themselves through improving self-esteem, accepting their bodies and defining beauty on their own terms.


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2 Nuggets give turkey day a boost
Eighty families who otherwise would have had slim pickings come Thanksgiving Day will have a grand feast, thanks to an event organized by PROseasons and Denver Nuggets players JR Smith and Al Harrington.
Smith and Harrington donated 80 turkeys and well-stuffed gift baskets for the recipients chosen by leaders at Saint Stephen Missionary Baptist Church, which was founded 109 years ago and is Colorado's second-oldest black church. It's located at 3125 Humboldt St.
PROseasons is a personal management and consulting company for professional athletes; it was founded in 2008 by Sameen Naqvi. Mike Will Downey, chief executive officer of Lead Alliance Media Group, is its chief operating officer while Adrian Smith, LAMG's chief operating officer, is the vice president for business development.
Joanne Davidson: 303-809-1314 or firstname.lastname@example.com; also, GetItWrite on Twitter


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Arkansas Home
to purchase a truck in Arkansas? UsedCarSale.com can direct you to the
sellers with the lowest prices on pickup trucks, cargo vans, utility body
vehicles, and construction vehicles, and help you secure the financing you need
to purchase it.
UsedCarSale.com also welcomes all truck sellers. Whether you
are a private seller, or a Arkansas truck dealer, we welcome you to post with us,
and do so without charge.
For those in Arkansas attempting to purchase a truck, and who may need
assistance in securing a loan, UsedCarSale.com, with the help of it's online
lending vendors, can secure the loan you need, in just a matter of
hours....regardless of your prior credit history.
Vehicle Review: 2010 Honda Accord
The 2010 Honda Accord offers an
combination of interior room, an upscale feel and a reputation for
reliability and resale value. If there was to be a complaint about this
Honda legend, it would be the performance, and ride.
Vehicle Review: 2007 Ford Edge
If you are looking
the versatility of a SUV, with the comfort of a family sedan, the 2007 Ford
Edge may just be the crossover for you. In 2007, Ford lead the charge to
replace the truck based SUV segment, with the car based CUV, and the Edge
was its flagship model.
Top Used Car Buys For Under $10,000
Below are some of the most reliable vehicles, in every segment, you can rely
on to provide for years of service without breaking the bank. Although we
can't say with all certainty that you will not find a lemon in the group, we
can say that the track record of these used cars, and trucks, would indicate
that you will enjoy worry free service.
2002-2006 Acura RSX:
This coupe looking hatchback has sporty good looks, a namplate
a good track record, and engine that can deliver up to 210hp. To make the
most of its power, we suggest you search for the manual option, but, in any
case, for under $10,000 you can't go wrong here.
1999-2007 Chevrolet Silverado:
Offering a wiade range of packages, ranging from a bare bones work horse to
the LT trim for more in the way of comfort, these pick ups are easy to find
for under $10,000, extremely reliable, and easy to find parts for.
2003-2011 Ford Crown Victoria:
This favorite among many of the nation's police departments, the Crown
Victoria is a large, roomy, powerful, and easy to find option. Although it's
tough 4.6L V8 engine may be a little more greedy when it comes to fuel
consumption, it is likely to move you around in peaceful luxury for a price
that will make up for the more frequent visits to the fuel pumps.
2001-2007 Ford Escape:
Overall, there are few SUV's that will offer a bigger bang for the buck than
the Ford Escape. Find one that has been well maintained, and not busting at
the seems with mileage, and you will find that $10,000 can afford you a long
list of standard features. Most came with a well powered V6, and you may
even find a hybrid or two, although they may bring you to your budget
The Kill Switch
Posted October 6, 2014
In the attempt to lessen the risk to lenders, and bolster the available car
loan programs made available to those with a bad credit background, many
lenders, and used car dealers, are turning to the "Kill Switch", a device
that can render a vehicle inoperatable from a remote location.
What this does for lenders is remove the need for the "repo man". This may
sound drastic, especially for those that may have to accept one of these
devices being installed on their next used car purchase, but, in fact, this
is a device that only effects, in a negative way, those who become
delinquint in making payments, while, one the other hand, such devices make
lenders much more comfortable with approving car loans to those who they
might not otherwise approve.
Some reports claim that up to 30% of the vehicles purchased today, with the
help of an auto loan, have such devices installed. In any case, no
such device will ever be installed on a vehicle without the consent of the
buyer, and, for those buyers with a bad credit history, who have had a tough
time finding a dealer, or lender, willing to provide a needed car loan, this
device may be a "small price to pay" for the chance to once again qualify
for that loan.
Lower Used Car Prices Expected Later In 2014.
Posted Feb 23, 2014
If you're shopping for a used car, you can expect better deals this year. A large supply of trade-ins and cars
returning from leases will push
down overall used car prices by an estimated 2% in 2014, according to forecasters at
automotive web site Edmunds.com.
The popularity of leasing new cars, in recent years, plays into the expected lower used car prices. "The boom
in new car leases is leading to a higher number of lease returns, which adds to the growing inventory of used
cars, forcing their prices down," explains Philip Reed, senior consumer advice editor for Edmunds.
In turn, falling used car prices may also affect new car deals, especially low-payment lease offers. Lower used
car prices mean lower residual values -- what a car is worth at the end of a lease. That could result in higher
payments on new car leases, Reed explains. However, continuing low interest rates, especially early in the
year, will help hold down lease payments.
Buyer Beware When Shopping Craigslist Cars For Sale
Posted Sept 17, 2013
A meeting set up to sell a car that had been advertised on Craigslist turned
into a robbery when the would-be buyer pulled out a gun, authorities said.
The car, a 1999 Honda Accord, was recovered when the victim found it a short
parked near an apartment complex, but the robber wasn't there and hasn't
been arrested.
Police say it started when the 36-year-old victim arranged to meet a man who
wanted to buy the car and said his name was Bitor Romero.
The victim arrived at the meeting place, 8300 N. Rodney Parham Road, about 9
p.m., at which point a man on the lot pointed a gun at the victim's neck and
ordered him to leave while the man took off in the Accord west on Markham
Police responded and took a report. The victim then called investigators a
short time later and said he had found his car at 609 Brookside Drive, the
report said.
Officers searched the vehicle, finding a stolen handgun inside, the report
said. The weapon was dusted for fingerprints and taken as evidence.
The robber is described as a black man about 5-foot-8 and 160 pounds. He
wore a white tank top, yellow shorts and white shoes.
Cheap Car Lease Programs - Bad Credit OK
Apply for a lease program with a bad credit history, or
even no credit history at all. Everyone with proof of a current income
New And Used Cars And Trucks For Sale **
Bad Credit Car Loan Programs ***


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eBay Now announced same-day delivery service in NY. The new app allows Manhattan customers below 125th St. and parts of Brooklyn to receive same-day delivery from hundreds of local stores, including Macy's, Target, Walgreens, Toys R Us and Best Buy. The NYC launch follows a similar move in San [Full Story…]
eBay Now Expands Same-Day Service to NY
November 16, 2012 at 12:21 pm


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Warning: prices, links and product specifications for Maui Jim RS725-64 are submitted by our listed stores. Please notify us if you find any errors.
Find the best deals for Maui Jim RS725-64 and compare sun glasses offers from hundreds of online stores delivering in Bangalore (Bengalûru), Madras (Chennai), Delhi (Dilli), Jaipur, Calcutta (Kolkata), Bombay (Mumbai) and all over India. With ShopMania you can find the most convenient Maui Jim RS725-64 prices in the market and be the first to learn about all the available sales and product discounts. Read our users review and comments, browse the Maui Jim RS725-64 photos and see all the product features and specifications.
Maui Jim RS 725 64 - Similar searches: Maui Jim RS 725 64, Maui Jim RS725 64, Maui Jim RS 72564, Maui Jim RS72564


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Your list is empty.
Save musicians, entertainers, speakers, and services, and they'll appear here.
Mardi Gras Entertainment Near You
Where do you need Mardi Gras Entertainment?
Select your event location in Oregon:
Oregon Counties:
Why Book Mardi Gras Entertainment
Beads, masks, and costumes galore - that is what Mardi Gras is all about! Celebrate Fat Tuesday the way it was meant to even if you can't be in the Big Easy (aka New Orleans). Book some of these fantastic Mardi Gras entertainers right here on GigSalad. You can find brass, Zydeco, and Cajun bands to get your Mardi Gras music fix. Mardi Gras is all about being exuberant so get some crazy stilt walkers or other sideshow acts to spruce it up! So go enjoy some Fat Tuesday (just be careful how you get those beads)!
Click here to get quotes for Mardi Gras Entertainment near you!
About Booking Mardi Gras Entertainment
Find and book the perfect Mardi Gras Entertainment for your event on GigSalad. Our selection of theme parties, performers and entertainers will make your New Orleans-style Mardi Gras Event shine!
Hiring Mardi Gras entertainment is a great way to entertain the guests at your next party,parade or community event. Whether you want a large scale Louisiana-style Fat Tuesday act with well-known performers or a smaller scale, carnival-style walk-about performance with stilt walkers and jesters, GigSalad will connect you with Mardi Gras entertainment to help make your next event a success.
When it comes to booking Mardi Gras entertainment that specializes in the style of entertainment that you want for your event. Do you want a family friendly performance? Next up when hiring Mardi Gras folks, ask to view video of their past performances. Call references. Lastly, inquire about specifics. Will the Mardi Gras entertainment need a special type of floor or stage? How much area is needed?
You might also like:
Want more Mardi Gras Entertainment gigs?
If you provide Mardi Gras Entertainment services in the United States or Canada, get more gigs by joining GigSalad.


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Download Logo
HGTV Magazine is a fresh, new home lifestyle magazine that gives readers inspiring, real-life solutions for all the things that homeowners deal with every day—from painting to pillows to property values—in an upbeat and engaging way. Inspired by HGTV's exciting and entertaining programming, the magazine offers the value of insider advice from trusted experts, as well as the enjoyment of taking a look inside real people's homes. Unique in concept and voice, HGTV Magazine is accessible, friendly and fun.


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Your cart is empty
Wrangler Painted Desert brings you the quality and care you deserve. This shirt is a solid long sleeve button down in red 5 oz. twill. Features include Button-down collar, adjustable sleeve cuffs and a two button-through flap pockets. Made from durable 100% cotton and is machine washable. The quality of this shirt is backed by a full one-year warranty from Wrangler.


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The enforcement initiative for the month of May is "failure to yield to an emergency vehicle." Iowa code dictates that upon the approach of a squad car, ambulance, or fire truck with the emergency lights or siren activated, the driver of every vehicle shall yield the right of way and shall pull to the right and stop. The total fine for this violation is $195.00.
Members of both the Waterloo Police Department and Waterloo Fire Rescue will be involved in efforts to educate the motoring public in regard to this initiative; police officers will be taking appropriate enforcement action and fire fighters will be reporting observed violations so that the registered owners of violating vehicles can be made aware of the violation.
Daniel J. Trelka
Director of Safety Services


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UPS Moves to Cut Spouse Health Benefits
United Parcel Service plans to cut off health benefits to working spouses of thousands of employees starting in 2014, a move, it said, is prompted in part by higher costs related to the federal health overhaul. Timothy Martin joins the News Hub. Photo: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... good morning welcome to the New Saab on Rolfe Winkler UPS parcel carrier plans to cut off health benefits to working spouses of thousands of employees ... starting in twenty fourteen move it said is prompted in part ... by higher costs related to the federal health overhaul Timothy Martin joins us from Atlanta to good morning ... morning ... so ... first up which employees are affected by this move ... this would be the working spouses of the company's non unionized workforce ... more than half of two and fifty thousand of aam ... the companies they're twenty thousand U S based employees are unionized so the majority of us working spouses ... and I will be affected in addition ... this this is this applies to the workings thousandnine unionized employees ... it doesn't apply it does not apply to spouses who are working to get health insurance elsewhere ... does not apply to children ... okay so if I'm doing the math right when configured twenty thousand total employees ... two hundred and fifty ... unionized to learn impacted of the remaining nine Union ... those whose This palaces ... I can already get health care insurance via another employee or ... villas are the folks that they would be ... affected by this ... ups ... is that's correct UPS has been facing the ... soaring healthcare costs and a lot of large companies across the country ... and what they're doing in effect is if someone else can if someone else's employer or working spouse isn't full player can take time ... on their plan and their presumed risk ... on UPS said that that's an option they should ... you know undertake ... him the ... health care is all about to have the potential risk that an individual might have been the cause the mighty Crude Medical systems sell ... some of the benefits consultants a spoke with yesterday told me that the map is really simple if you take the same employee at the same way agent the same ... ability ... I ... once made ones that Mary to the company ... of the benefits packages and immensely more expensive because they have ... that spouse on ... on on the compensation ... and if that's what the spouse can get insurance elsewhere ... higher ups ... you know wants them to take it ... how common is it that employers U S employers are starting to deny health insurance to ... working spouses and their employees ... it's rare to about six percent of end of larger employers according to a ... study by Mercer ... currently do it ... up but it's growth ... is three percent just five years ago and if you look at some of the forecasts for next year and the years after ... there is a growing amount of interest around ... on either blocking war for Dollar dumping working spouses time ... the from from health plans in time then to get back covers to their employers ... or there's this thing called the spousal surcharge typically run a hundred dollars a month ... where it yes you can have your and your wife or your husband or partner covered many your plan but an extra cost ... these are all aam ... measures that employers to look at ... now that I can help us continue to rise ... and at some companies ... are looking at the implementation costs of the Affordable Care age can thank you so much for joining us at this point give people a heads up that they should check out your story ... there's more GTL especially as it relates to ... the Affordable Care Act ... and what role that need ... be playing as part of the CPS decision send thank so much ...


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Real Truck Club Challenge 2005 RulesPosted in Events on March 4, 2005
Revised March 1, 2005
Real Truck Club Challenge is a grassroots, club-based event in which 20 four-person teams will be chosen by the Four Wheeler staff from entries received. Teams will compete against one another in a variety of off-highway events. Criteria for selection will include, but will not be limited to, the aesthetics of the vehicle, its build quality, and its conformity to RTCC rules. A cash prize of $1,500 for First Place, $1,000 for runner-up, and $500 for third will be awarded. Real Truck Club Challenge will be held at the Badlands Off Road Park in Attica, Indiana, August 5-7 (Friday through Sunday), 2005.
You will be required to sign a confidentiality agreement that acknowledges Four Wheeler's copyright on all Real Truck Club Challenge information and photos for all media, including the Internet. Further, at the discretion of Four Wheeler SOME OFFICIAL COMPETITION RESULTS MAY NOT BE MADE AVAILABLE UNTIL PUBLICATION of the Real Truck Club Challenge story in Four Wheeler Magazine.
Entry forms, along with a photo of your truck, MUST land in the Editor's mailbox in the Four Wheeler office NO LATER THAN NOON, May 18, 2005. Entries without photos will be disqualified. If your club's entry is selected, we will notify you no later than June 21, 2005.
PLEASE NOTE: Each team will be assigned no more than four wristbands - one each for driver and spotter, and two more for whomever the driver designates.
You or your co-driver must be your truck's only drivers in the Challenge. Substitutions may be made in case of medical situations or events clearly beyond the control of the competitor.
Each driver must hold a valid driver's license from his state of residence, and be 18 years or older. Driver and co-driver must always wear helmets during competition.
You may use your co-driver or any other driver/co-driver as a spotter for any of the obstacles, but are limited to one spotter per event. Staffers and judges will not serve as spotters unless you exceed a time limit and need to be extracted. We must keep the accumulation of bodies in the Real Truck Club Challenge competition area as small (people-wise) as possible, so you must limit your on-course crew to a total of two. Your two other wristbanded support members must remain in the spectator area or the staging area during competition. Wristbanded support members may help with vehicle repairs as long as those repairs are being made off-course and not while the clock is running during actual competition. Anyone attending Real Truck needs to sign a liability release form and have the appropriately colored wristband. There will be a special parking area for support vehicles. We will issue one (1) parking pass to each team.
When traveling anywhere with the entire field, please make sure that the vehicle behind you follows the proper route at any fork or turn. On the dirt roads, travel slowly and leave space between your vehicle and the one ahead of you. When convoying from one event to another, there will be a staff vehicle to escort you as a group. Please follow that vehicle and always keep the Challenger behind you in sight at all times so everyone makes it to the next event on time.
Any section of the park that is marked by yellow tape, parked staff vehicles, multiple orange cones, or anything similar is to be considered closed and off-limits. Pre-running or pre-walking courses before OR AFTER the formal walk-around is not allowed. Doing so will be considered unsportsmanlike conduct and will result in immediate disqualification.
To compete in Four Wheeler's Real Truck Club Challenge, you must be prepared to show proof of insurance and current vehicle registration from your home state- yes; your club's entry must be a real truck, one that's capable of being driven legally on the street. It must be equipped with a standard, safety-glass windshield and it must be in place during competition, a fire extinguisher, solid front-and-rear recovery connection points and a full hardtop or metal rollcage. It must use a factory frame and full bodywork, must be street licensed, and must have working lights, horn, turn signals, and windshield wipers, and must roll on tires no taller than 40 inches.
If your vehicle is selected, all commercial lettering must be removed. Mufflers or spark arresters are required, whether or not you run them at home. Tube frames are prohibited. A WINCH IS MANDATORY and it must be securely mounted and include a hawse or roller fairlead. Use of tire chains during Real Truck Club Challenge is prohibited. So is use of Matt Tracks and/or similar products and hardware. Tires must be DOT-certified. Swapping between tire/wheel types and sizes during the event is prohibited, though tire pressure may be modified. Beadlock wheels ARE allowed, as is hydraulic assist steering. Full hydraulic steering and rear steering are not allowed. VERY IMPORTANT: All vehicles will be inspected upon event check-in by the judging staff for legality/equipment/safety compliance. Any vehicle that fails to meet these criteria or is deemed unsafe by the judges will have until the end of check-in (6:00 p.m.) to correct the problem or be disqualified and replaced with an alternate competitor. JUDGES DECISIONS ARE FINAL.
You may service your truck in any manner you desire, but will forfeit your event points for any event in which you do not compete. The park has trashcans, but no means of disposing of hazardous wastes such as motor and gear oils, which must be captured and hauled out. You must safely dispose of such substances yourself. Further, there is no compressed air available in the competition area.
Whenever you winch you must use a winch cable weight. Failure to do so will result in a penalty and your team will be stopped until a cable weight is in place. If you use a tree for an anchor during winching you MUST use a tree protector. Failure to use a tree protector during winching will result in disqualification from that event.
Loose items need to be secured in the vehicle. Penalties will be assessed if loose items fall from the vehicle during competition and the clock will run until the items are retrieved and stowed inside the vehicle.
Lunch for competitors will be provided during both days of competition. We will also have water available for competitors during competition.
General Rules
It is essential that you follow all instructions given you by Real Truck Club Challenge judges and park personnel.
The decisions of the judges during competition are final. However, protests will be accepted if they are presented in a calm and articulate manner. They must include all the relevant details and a proposed course of action. Protests should be given to the chief judge as soon as possible.
There will be no alternate date and no postponement because of weather. We will run Four Wheeler's Real Truck Club Challenge rain or shine.
Unsportsmanlike conduct will not be tolerated. The severity of the offense will determine the penalty, which will range from points assessments to disqualification from the Real Truck Club Challenge.
Here's the bottom line: just practice good old-fashioned common sense, observe the Golden Rule, keep a cool head, be friendly to each other and remember: Above all else, RTCC is just for fun.
Consumption of alcoholic beverages during Real Truck Club Challenge competition is strictly forbidden. Use of alcohol during competition will be grounds for immediate disqualification. Additionally, alcohol is strictly forbidden inside Bandlands Off Road Park, and also in the adjoining campground.
Expect your coolers to be searched by park security personnel, and expect to be disqualified and asked to leave if any alcohol of any kind is found.
The Sand Hillclimb: Points will be awarded for the quickest time to complete the course. Penalties in the form of seconds are added to a competitors overall time for deviating from the course, etc... If your truck will not climb to the top portion of the course, back down the hill. But if you must do this, USE EXTREME CAUTION. It's possible to roll here. Turning around on the hill is forbidden. Doing so is dangerous and is grounds for disqualification. Your truck will be observed over the entire hill course. If you cannot complete the course your distance traveled will determine your finishing order.
The Obstacle Course is timed and is a test of transient response, traction, stability, and maneuverability over a variety of terrain. It is run over a course defined by cones, etc. Points will be deducted for run-over cones as well as other infractions. If you cannot finish the entire course, your distance traveled will determine your finishing order. The exact course will not be known until just prior to the event, and all Challengers will be walked through it beforehand.
The Mud Course is expected to be really deep and really ugly. Challengers may use a branch or similar item to check depth before they drive in. This is a timed event. If a competitor doesn't complete the course, a measurement will be taken to determine finishing order. Winching is acceptable and will not be penalized.
The Buzzard's Roost Trail is an evil, winding trail through a stand of trees that will take you through mudholes and over rock obstacles. You'll be given a time limit. We will have the course marked with cones to make sure you drive through the good parts, instead of around them. Your run will be scored and points will be deducted for run-over cones, backing up, getting out of the vehicle, winching, running off the course, etc.
The Rock Trail is our man-made rock course. You'll be timed as you make your pass. The object is to get through the course before time is called. If you cannot complete the course, your vehicles overall distance traveled will be measured and used to determine the finishing order. We do not deduct points for rock-stacking, but we discourage it. The way the course is designed, a well-built trail vehicle should be able to drive the trail as-is. As with most rock crawling competitions, points in the form of seconds will be added to the elapsed time for infractions such as run-over cones, backing up, getting out of the vehicle, winching, running off the course, etc.
The starting order for competition will be chosen before each event. You will get just one try at each event.
Any truck may opt to skip any event, for any reason, but will forfeit points for that event. Any truck that is late for its starting position at an event will forfeit the points for that event. EXCEPTION: If a truck cannot start an event on time, it may be permitted to go last IF approved by all the other Challengers. Otherwise, once the starting order for an event has been determined, Challengers may not make any changes to it.
Click here to see some exclusive photo highlights of Real Truck '04 by Four Wheeler's own Ken Brubaker!
Back to RTCC '05 Rules Page.


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Fandroids say that iPhones, Blackberries and Windows Phones are way too expensive. Anyone can buy a cheaper Android! Now a study covering 600,000 support calls has found that these cheap Androids are exactly that: Cheap. And cheap phones break.
According to this study by wireless service company WDS, hardware failures are more common in Android handsets than in the more expensive competition. Makes sense: The culprit is not Android itself, but Google's OS licensing. Since it's so easy to license Google's OS, inexpensive phones are common. And inexpensive phones do not put as much of an emphasis on construction as expensive ones.
But the thing is, these are not cheapo phones from the developing world. The study's 600,000 support calls come from Europe, North America, South Africa and Australia—primo mobile markets.
It makes sense: while top of the line, more expensive Android phones from Samsung or HTC are solid, the inexpensive phones that are helping Google take so much market share are also its Achilles Heel. According to WDS' Tim Deluca-Smith: "At the moment, Android is a bit of the Wild West." Giddyup. [Reuters via Telegraph]


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Feb. 17, 2007
Lipscomb's Lady Bisons extended their season-opening winning streak to three games Saturday afternoon with a 4-0 shutout of Coastal Carolina in Conway, S.C.
It was the second shutout of the season for the Lady Bisons. Christen Campbell went the route for the Lady Bisons, allowing only three hits, all singles. Campbell struck out four and walked only one.
The Lady Bisons scored all four of their runs in the third inning.
Kristie Sirus opened the inning by grounding out to the shortstop. Lauren Dortwegt followed with a single to left field. Niki Bails moved Dortwegt to second with a sacrifice bunt.
With two out and one runner on base Julia Davidson singled to right field scoring Dortwegt. Heather Collins followed with a single to right moving Davidson to third. Leigh Little pinch ran for Collins. Kellie Sirus then homered driving in three runs. Christy Grisham grounded out to end the inning.
The Lady Bisons pounded out 10 hits. The home run by Kellie Sirus was the only extra base hit in the game. Both Dortwegt and Kellie Sirus had two hits.
The Lady Bisons were scheduled to play Elon later this afternoon.


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While perusing some old .pdfs of legacy edition Dungeons & Dragons modules, I was struck by how common random monster encounter tables were in the old adventures, and was reminded of the prominence of random encounters in the rules themselves. The first edition (1e) Dungeon Master's Guide had an entire appendix devoted to such encounters, and the 1e Monster Manual II included an index that grouped creatures from three monster volumes by terrain and encounter frequency, to make generating one's own encounter tables easier.
I was also struck by how such tables are absent in every fourth edition (4e) product I've thus far seen.


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OMICS International organises 3000+ Global Conferenceseries Events every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific Societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.
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He is a professor in International Stomatopedic Institute, Wiesbaden, Germany and has a great experience of Lecturing. He does have articles publication with his name in various field of dentistry. As an Associate Professor, he is a recipient of many awards and grants for his valuable contributions and discoveries in major area of research.
Open Bite; Malocclusions; Functional appliances; Treatment stability
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Brand name is official. In 1995 the H Series became part of the Fernandes brand and were introduced to the international market, with the same first Burny models now bearing the vintage Fernandes logo. The HB-65 (Vertigo Bass) was also released in 1995, under the Fernandes name, with two finish options and eye-catching pickguard designs, was a pioneering 4-string instrument of the era.
It was a matter of short time until major guitarists took notice and started playing Fernandes H guitars, live and in the studio, the first notable artists to pick up an H model were Rick Nielsen of CHEAP TRICK, Balsac of GWAR and John Feldman of GOLDFINGER.
Stay tuned for part 4 coming next week!
Make sure you are registered to receive the Fernandes newsletter and follow us on facebook and twitter to get all the updates:
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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Friday, February 13, 2009
Austin Briggs: "...the obstinate Briggs standard"
It is not unusual for one or more partly completed or even completed paintings to be discarded before the obstinate Briggs standard is satisfied.
Some of his friends think that he is too exacting and that some of his best work finds its way into the wastebasket. Actually, in spite of the dogged pictorial battle he fights, he draws with great ease and spontaneity. His line is swift and sweeping and alive. it is perhaps something of a pity that, in the process of painting to completion, the spring and simplified strength of his line tends to be obscured.
The Briggs pictures bear the stamp of his personality but it is not a rubber stamp. There is no set Briggs composition,
... no repetitive Briggs types,
... no formulated color scheme. On the other hand, they are not full of violent surprises. The differences between pictures are noticeable but unobtrusive. They are the work of a man who is still investigating; who realizes that discovering oneself is a continuing process and is only too willing to consider it a lifework.
Excerpted from the October 1950 issue of American Artist magazine, written by Henry C. Pitz
*Thanks to Charlie Allen for contributing all the scans above!
Some final thoughts from Leif:
Over the course of the past year I've been acquiring Art Directors annuals from the mid-century period and now have about half of the 1940's volumes and the entire 1950's decade; that is to say, a fairly good sampling of the period discussed here. So I checked these volumes and found something interesting: compared to that group of 'Famous Artists' with whom I most often associate him (i.e. Dorne, Helck, Fawcett, and Parker), Briggs does not receive a single mention in any of my 1940's volumes ('41, '42, '46, '47, and '48). All these others of his peers do, with multiple annual listings. I found that odd, considering that Briggs had been illustrating for the Saturday Evening Post (among many others) since 1944. It would almost be a given that he would at the least have had work included in these annuals, even if they were not award winners. Did Briggs enter into the competition and never have anything accepted? Or did he choose not to enter at all, perhaps feeling he was not yet worthy to have his work recognized alongside his peers?
Whatever the case, Briggs received an Art Directors Club medal in 1951. He had two piece accepted into the 1952 edition of the annual, one being the beautiful and interesting composition above.
In both 1953 and '54 he won an award for distinctive merit.
It would seem Austin Briggs had arrived. His long years of searching for his own point of view, his struggles to satisfy the "obstinate Briggs standard" seem to have come to fruition during the 1950's. Certainly these examples, which are indicative of the sort of work we Briggs fans love, show the merit of the artist's determination to "learn how to draw."
As a final thought, I'll conclude with one earlier quote from Briggs:
"It was only when I began to look at the idea from my own point of view that I started to get any place. It was better if I didn't try to figure out what Parker or Von Schmidt would do and realized that it was my problem, and that from my point of view my experience was just as good as theirs."
* My Austin Briggs Flickr set.
9 comments:
Amazing stuff! I love the rich almost graphic colours.ReplyDelete
A couple of things in today's posts of Ausin Briggs' illustrations, really caught my attention. The beautiful pensive woman in an orange dress and pearls, has a very interesting light treatment on her face. It appears Briggs was exploring light effects, and it is very effective.ReplyDelete
That stylish woman in the blue dress and blue nylons is strikingly sexy in my opinion. Notice how he adds another woman in a red dress behind that blue, which intensifies the blue even more. It is an eye stopping electric blue, and the woman is also definitely an "eye stopper". Speaking of eye stoppers, the woman sitting on the porch in a peach dress, also has great appeal. Her natural "un-posed" gesture, and Briggs' amazing control over his values, defines a sculptural effect to the form... very dimensional and very appealing.
And the line and wash drawing of the woman with her fist in front of her mouth is another example of Briggs' sophisticated draftsmanship. Many illustrators would not attempt to draw a hand in that position, because of the difficult foreshortening and a tendency to look like a blob. Briggs however aces it, with careful draftsmanship. He also cleverly draws the hand on her waist slightly smaller than her fist at her mouth., which is closer to the viewer... giving a subtle sense of depth to a flatter technique.
I think Briggs had the same sophisticated elegant taste that Al Parker and Coby Whitmore had. Briggs could also do mystery, drama and true grit subjects. That put him on my short list 50 years ago, of great mid-century illustrators, and these examples confirm it once again.
And, as always Leif, very astute and Inspirational insight on Briggs this week.
Tom Watson
Thanks for sharing, Leif!ReplyDelete
Were any comic strip artists ever mentioned in the AD annuals back then? In the mid 30s he continued the Raymond strip "Secret Agent X-9" and later "Flash Gordon," until the late 40s. That might account for his ommission. It wouldn't surprise me.ReplyDelete
- Rich1:26 PM
Who's talking about awards?ReplyDelete
It seems TIME is the ultimate award awarder!
History seems to repeat itself: be it Van Gogh's pleas to his brother to help him finance some color tubes, or Rembrandt who at a ripe age had to resort to his daughter's piggy bank to cover his expenses etc...
Thanks Leif once more for all your research.
Absolutely amazing blog. These old illustrations really help me going in my own work. I just added it to my Google Reader.ReplyDelete
A great week of posts Lief, thanks !ReplyDelete
As much as I love his paintings I would have to say that I like his drawings more. I think in some ways they are more distinctive and sophisticated than his paintings - certainly more spontaneous - very inspiring.
- Rich2:12 PM
P.S: Probably I was a bit exaggerating in my comment about history repeating itself.ReplyDelete
Should have remembered Mark Twain who said:
"History doesn't repeat itself; but it rhymes"
In the 1940 Art Directors Annual there is an entire section devoted to what they called "Continuities" - essentially, comic strips - but only those in the service of advertising. There are no examples of *actual* comic strips being recognized, but I suspect that its not likely any were ever submitted in the first place.
As Roy Doty described in a post last year, there was a distinct separation between the illustrator and the cartoonist camps (and in Roy's case, neither would have him for several years into his professional career!)


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Kung Fu (2)
By Rex Koo
Samantha Culp & Andrea Hill
Los Angeles
Both separately and together, Samantha Culp and Andrea Hill curate and produce innovative artist-led projects, most recently under the banner of their creative agency Paloma Powers.
Born and raised in Los Angeles, Culp recently returned after a decade in greater China. Her writing has appeared in publications such as Artforum, New York Times T Magazine, and LEAP (艺术节) and she has curated projects for Impakt Festival, Design Shanghai, and the Los Angeles Art Book Fair.
Hill was a founding team member and Creative Director of online auction house Paddle8, and her writing has appeared in Aperture, Performa Magazine, and Collectorspace, Istanbul. As a curator, she has also produced exhibitions for galleries (The Goma, Tanja Grunert Gallery), museums (Matadero Madrid), and universities (Wesleyan's Zilkha Gallery).
- Size
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- No of editions
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About Rex Koo
Bold simplicity, recognizable beyond doubt
"I want people to identify him without looking at the title"
A guest designer for the likes of Nike and Giordano, Rex Koo is a prolific Hong Kong based graphic designer and artist. As part of his Simple People series, his Kung Fu illustrations capture the movement and posture of the legendary Bruce Lee using geometry shapes.
Creating portraits within a confined grid, Rex creatively highlights just enough identifying features of his subjects that they're unmistakable to the eye. The result is a memorable impression; bold and succinct. Vector graphics aside, Rex is also known for the moments he relinquishes the computer to draw by hand. It's here that he works to bring the human touch back to graphic design. It's hardly a stretch to recognize why Rex has become a sought after talent in the commercial graphic design world.
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One day we will all die… by Jan Stenmark


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4 oz Vosges Red Fire Chips*, melted
1 1/2 cups flour
1 1/2 cups light brown sugar
1 cup boiling water
3/4 cup butter, at room temperature
1 teaspoon vanilla
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
2 eggs, at room temperature
Preheat oven to 350. Grease or line 15-18 wells in a cupcake pan. In a large bowl, cream the butter, vanilla and sugar together. Add the eggs, beat until combined. Add the flour, baking soda, and baking powder mix until just combined. Slowly pour in the melted chocolate and mix throughly. Pour in the the boiling water and carefully mix until a wet, smooth batter forms. Pour into prepare pans, filling 3/4 of the way to the top. Bake 15-20 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the center cupcake comes out almost clean. Cool briefly in the pan, then remove to a wire rack and cool completely. Ice with your favorite icing or top with dulce de leche for a truly decadent experience.
*These are excellent chips, they have a great flavor and melt beautifully. They have a spicy kick from ancho and chipotle chili peppers and cinnamon. They are, however a little tricky to find. To make a fair facsimile, stir some finely ground dried hot peppers and some cinnamon into 4 oz of melted semi sweet chips.


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William J. "Bill" Mueller, Lombard's village president, died Saturday of complications from West Nile Virus, leaving a vacuum in the post he'd held in the west suburban town for nearly two decades.
Mueller, 76, previously had been diagnosed with blood cancer, weakening his immune system. After contracting the West Nile virus, the town's longest-serving village president had been hospitalized at Elmhurst Memorial Hospital since Aug. 5.
Village trustee Greg Gron has been serving as president pro tem during Mueller's illness.
Family and friends in the village of about 43,000 residents described Mueller as a career public servant who was unfailingly generous and passionate, especially about matters concerning the town affectionately known as "Lilac Village" for its abundance of sweet-smelling flowers.
"I don't think that there will ever be anyone who loved Lombard more than my father," said Donna Fruehe, one of Mueller's daughters. "He was always an individual who was doing things for someone else. There was never an issue too little or too small for him to get involved in."
Mueller first became president of Lombard in 1993, and began his fifth consecutive term in May 2009.
A lifelong resident of Lombard, Mueller's presidency was the culmination of a political and civic career that spanned five decades, village officials said.
He started in the late 1950s as a member of the village's safety committee and youth commission. He went on to serve on the village board of trustees, and as chairman of both the village public works committee and the DuPage Community Development Commission.
Mueller also presided over the DuPage Mayors and Managers Conference and served in the Illinois National Guard.
He left his mark on Lombard in many ways, friends and family said.
Among his greater achievements was to oversee the re-emergence of the decades-old Yorktown Center, on the town's southern edge, as a bustling retail hub, complete with a brand-new Westin Hotel.
In what little spare time he had, Fruehe said, Mueller loved vacationing at Abbey Springs near Lake Geneva, Wis.
He also loved attending the summertime tradition of "Cruise Nights," where people flock to the downtown area each Saturday to display their cherry classic cars.
At his 19th and final State of the Village address in February — delivered at the Yorktown Westin Hotel — Mueller told the audience of his hopes to see continued growth in the village.
"Today we have the opportunity and responsibility to continue to take a bold step toward a better future for our residents and business community," he said. "We can be proud of our accomplishments but there is still much to be done."
"Remember, every day is a gift," he emphasized. "Take time to enjoy it."
In addition to Fruehe (Mark), Mueller is survived by his wife of 52 years, Eileen, another daughter Debbie Rapata (Keith), and four grandchildren.
Funeral arrangements are pending.
Twitter: @rhodes_dawn


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Winter Squash and Roasted Red Pepper Soup with Pepita Parsley Garnish
Serves 6
This tasty soup and its piquant garnish can be prepared in advance, using any winter squash or pumpkin—even canned pumpkin in a pinch. Cayenne adds a pleasant zing.
2 to 2 1⁄2 pounds winter squash or pumpkin, peeled, seeded, and cut into 1⁄2- to 3⁄4-inch dice
2 cups water
2 bay leaves
4 cups vegetable stock
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 medium onion, diced medium fine
6 cloves garlic, minced
1 red bell pepper, roasted, peeled, seeded, and cut into dice
About 1 tablespoon dried thyme leaves
About 1 teaspoon salt (if stock is not salted)
Freshly ground black pepper
2 dashes ground cayenne pepper
1. Simmer squash and bay leaves, covered, in a heavy-bottomed soup pot with water and stock. Reduce heat and cook at a bare simmer for about 15 minutes, stirring occasionally.
2. In a small sauté pan, heat oil over medium heat. Add onion and sauté for about 5 minutes. Add garlic and cook another minute or so. Stir in bell pepper, crumble in thyme leaves, and stir. Transfer sautéed vegetables to the soup pot with squash. Cook over low heat, covered, for 5 to 10 minutes.
3. Purée the soup in batches in a blender or food mill. Return to the pot and season with salt, pepper, and cayenne. Heat gently, covered, for about 5 minutes. Season to taste.
4. Ladle soup into bowls and scatter about 2 teaspoons of the pepita parsley garnish over each, or pass it in a separate small bowl.
Pepita Parsley Garnish
1⁄2 cup toasted and salted hulled pumpkin seeds (pepitas)
2 cloves garlic
1⁄4 to 1⁄3 cup packed Italian flat-leaf parsley
3 to 4 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1. Combine pumpkin seeds, garlic, and parsley leaves in food processor and pulse a few times.
2. Add 3 tablespoons of oil and pulse to blend. Scrape down the sides. If it's very thick, add another tablespoon of oil or water. Do not overprocess—the garnish should have a little texture.


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Has anyone had size issues with their...
Has anyone had size issues with their vestibule? I'm finally checking out the one I ordered and the hooks don't align to the tent so it doesn't seem to set up correctly.
If I hadn't received a non-rectangular footprint from BD, I would think it's my issue but now I'm not so sure.
Responded on August 9, 2014
I just bought the HiLight Tent (Kiwi Green) and the Vestibule and I had no issue setting it up and everything lines up fine. Just start at one end as you sit inside the tent, insert the one end through the awning that has the hook on it and hook it to the tents Stake Loop, then hook each one up as you go leaving the clip to go onto the awning shock pole for last. And as a tip, make sure you use the guy-outs and guy line the tent down opposite of the Vestibule side so that the tent sheds the wind and rain evenly. Don't forget to seam seal the Vestibule.
How does the vestibule attach to the...
How does the vestibule attach to the tent?
There is a hook and loop attachment over the door that attaches to the vestibule. We actually have the tent pictured rather than the vestibule (we are getting it fixed).


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Autism, also called classic autism or autistic disorder, developmental disorder affecting physical, social, and language skills, with an onset of signs and symptoms typically before age three. The term autism (from the Greek autos, meaning "self") was coined in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who used it to describe withdrawal into one's inner world, a phenomenon he observed in individuals with schizophrenia. The use of the word autism to describe the condition as it is known today originated in 1943, when Austrian-born American psychiatrist Leo Kanner distinguished the disorder from schizophrenia.
Classification and incidence
Classic autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) are all included within an umbrella of disorders commonly referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In contrast to classic autism, individuals with Asperger syndrome usually do not possess major cognitive difficulties, and their IQ is in the normal or even high range. In addition, they do not exhibit a delay in language acquisition. Individuals with PDD-NOS exhibit some but not all of the same signs and symptoms as classic autism.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that ASDs affect a range roughly between 1 in every 45 and 1 in every 68 children in the United States. In the United Kingdom a school-based population study published in 2009 estimated prevalence at about 1 in every 100 children. In both countries, males are affected four to five times more often than females.
While best estimates have been determined, the incidence of autism varies significantly between and within countries, which is partly due to differences in resources and the clinical definitions used for diagnosis. For example, in one region of the United Kingdom, roughly 1 in every 185 individuals was found to be affected by an ASD. However, in the same region of the country, classic autism was found to range in incidence between 1 in 250 and 1 in 400 individuals. In addition, there appears to have been a dramatic increase in the global incidence of autism between the mid-1900s and the early 2000s. However, it is not known whether there has been a true increase in the incidence of the disorder, since the increase could be due to the use of broader diagnostic criteria or other factors. In the United States, for example, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is one of several different surveillance methods used to determine ASD prevalence. In 2014 changes in NHIS questions about ASD, including rewording and expansion for greater detail, were associated with a subsequent increase in parent-reported diagnoses of ASDs in children.
Possible causes and risk factors
The cause of autism remains unclear. However, it appears that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disorder. A study published in 2011 that assessed pairs of twins in which at least one twin was affected by an ASD suggested that, while genetic factors contribute moderately to susceptibility, environmental factors contribute to a greater degree. Other research has indicated that genetic vulnerability to autism differs between males and females, with more mutations being needed to produce the condition in females compared with males. Increased genetic resiliency to autism in females lends support to the so-called female protective model, which attempts to explain the increased prevalence of autism in males. Interactions between genes and the environment likely play an important role in influencing susceptibility to autism.
An environmental risk factor that has been proposed for autism and other ASDs is maternal infection during pregnancy. Indeed, certain maternal infections have been associated with an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and autism) in offspring. Infection with agents such as the rubella virus activate the mother's immune system, and such immunological activity in the early stages of pregnancy has been linked with damage to the developing brain of the embryo or fetus.
Other environmental factors associated with increased risk of autism include maternal use of certain antidepressants (namely SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) during pregnancy and maternal and paternal age at the time of conception. A study of more than 4.9 million births that took place in the U.S. state of California between 1990 and 1999 revealed that about 5 percent of the nearly 12,160 children who later developed autism were born to older mothers. Mothers 40 years or older had the highest risk of giving birth to a child who would later develop autism. In contrast, older paternal age was a risk factor only when maternal age was 30 or younger. The underlying reasons for those associations, however, were unclear.
Sibling studies have revealed valuable information about the heritable nature of autism. For example, scientists found that a region on chromosome 15 is deleted or duplicated in some children with autism; defects in and near this region have been implicated in other disorders associated with neurobiological development, including Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and epilepsy.
Another proposed cause of autism emerged in 1998, when a paper published in the scientific journal The Lancet suggested an association between childhood vaccination and autism. This suggestion quickly developed into a controversial issue between parents and the scientific community. However, scientific evidence collected from extensive studies investigating the proposed association did not support a causal relationship. Further investigations revealed that the 1998 paper had violated research ethics and contained false claims, and thus in 2010 it was retracted by the journal.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of autism are variable, ranging from mild to moderate to severe in nature. There are three major categories of signs and symptoms: (1) abnormalities in social interaction; (2) abnormalities in communication; and (3) abnormalities in behaviours, interests, and activities, which are usually restricted and repetitive. Social communication problems include a narrow range of facial expressions, poor eye contact during interactions, and difficulty establishing relationships with peers. This may result in a decreased quality of their relationships and can lead to social avoidance when severely affected. Communication problems include delayed or lack of spoken language, poor conversation skills, lack of appropriate developmental play, and diminished gestures. Repetitive behaviour problems include stereotyped motor mannerisms, such as hand flapping, restricted interests, inflexible adherence to routines, and a preoccupation for parts of objects. For example, a child with autism may play with the wheels of a toy car instead of using the car in the proper manner as a vehicle. Some children become obsessed with specific objects such as buttons and sometimes form deep attachments to these objects. In addition, disruption of routines and schedules or familiar surroundings may cause agitation and tantrums.
In the 1970s and '80s, studies of children living with autism and postmortem investigations of autistic individuals led to the identification of associations between autism and minor physical anomalies, such as increased body size, enlarged head circumference, and increased brain weight. Later research comparing the rate of brain growth between individuals with an ASD and healthy individuals revealed that much of the brain enlargement associated with autism and other ASDs appears to occur prior to age two. That early period of overgrowth is followed by a period of slowed or average growth, resulting in a normal or slightly larger brain volume in older children with autism. In some cases, overgrowth is present as early as one to two months following birth.
Early growth abnormalities, however, including enlarged head circumference, are not ubiquitous in autism, and research has suggested that such abnormalities, if they occur at all, are more likely to be present in boys than girls. The unusual overgrowth pattern could be due to an enlargement of the brain white matter—the nerve fibres that connect one brain area to another. One region of the brain in which disproportionate enlargement of white matter has been observed is the temporal lobe. The temporal lobe specializes in the processing of auditory stimuli and houses the Wernicke area, a region of motor neurons involved in speech comprehension.
Other studies of the neuropathology of brain structures in autistic individuals have investigated the hippocampus, an area that is important for learning and memory; the amygdala, an area important for fear and emotion; the cerebellum, a motor and cognitive brain region; and the anterior cingulate cortex, a part of the cerebral cortex that is important for social and emotional behaviour. In children affected by autism these brain structures often exhibit increased cell density, with reduced cell size. In addition, the cerebellum typically has a reduction in Purkinje cells, which receive and integrate information from sensory and motor neurons.
A large amount of research has focused on the neurotransmitter systems in autism, and many studies have reported involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) and the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems. Early findings of elevated serotonin in the peripheral blood (hyperserotonemia) in many autistic individuals have led scientists to investigate whether similar abnormalities are found in the brain. However, the mechanisms by which the serotonin neurotransmitter system may contribute to signs and symptoms of autism remain unclear. Some insight has been gained from investigation of an apparently rare mutation in humans involving a gene known as CELF6. Loss of function of this gene in mice has been linked to sharp declines in serotonin levels and autism-like behaviours, including deficits in communication and learning.
Much evidence has emerged demonstrating that levels of GABA and GABA receptors are altered in many parts of the autistic human brain. Key GABA-synthesizing enzymes known as GAD67 and GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and 65, respectively) have been shown to be altered in specific cerebellar neurons in autism brains. Studies also have shown that between one-quarter and one-third of adolescents with autism have some type of seizure abnormality; this is suspected to be related to abnormalities in the GABA system.
Other studies of brain structure have revealed that, relative to healthy individuals, some people with autism have fewer neuronal connections extending from the frontal lobe to other brain regions. Deficits in neuronal communication and in the strength of neuronal connections between the frontal lobe and other areas of the brain were detected with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Structural and functional abnormalities in the frontal lobe of autistic persons have been linked to variations in a gene known as contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2), which normally is expressed in the frontal lobe during development and facilitates neuronal connectivity. Because the frontal lobe is associated with higher cognitive functions, such as reasoning and processing of emotions, CNTNAP2 variants resulting in a lack of neuronal connectivity may explain some of the behavioral signs and symptoms evident in young children with autism.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of autism is based on information derived from the patient's medical history, from observations of his or her behaviour, and from screening. Classic autism can be diagnosed reliably after 16 months of age; refinements in screening methods have indicated that the condition may be detected as early as 12 months. Diagnosis is performed through screening for developmental delays and disabilities during regular medical check-ups and through screening for the absence of behaviours such as eye contact, pointing, and pretend play. The latter typically is performed with a parent-completed questionnaire, involving simple "yes" and "no" responses. A specific number of "no" responses to critical questions marks the threshold for identifying children at risk for ASDs. Children who are determined to be at risk for autism or other ASDs undergo thorough medical evaluation, which includes examination of hearing and vision, testing for genetic defects, and neurological and psychological evaluation. Once a preliminary diagnosis of autism has been made, a treatment program can be developed.
There is no cure for autism, and, in fact, effecting a cure for the condition is controversial ethically, because, although mental health problems and the development of language, empathy, and other skills and behaviours require intervention, talents such as systematization or memorization may not require help. Thus, intervention for autism is directed mainly toward modifying problematic behavioral signs and symptoms. Effective interventions range from general special education to individually tailored methods that apply the person's strengths and interests to the process of skill building. Examples of the latter include educational software and animation technologies that harness the individual's natural interests, thereby holding his or her attention and facilitating learning. LEGO therapy is an example of an intervention that leverages an individual's strengths in systematization to build social skills, such as turn taking and communication. Early intervention, including promoting language, developing social skills, and regulating behaviour, allow for significant improvement in many children.
Pharmacological treatments are used generally as a last resort for controlling autism signs and symptoms, and they often are directed toward secondary indications, such as behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, aggression, and seizures. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), have proved successful in helping some individuals overcome secondary signs and symptoms. Clinical trials are being conducted on other drugs that may be useful in the treatment of autism.
Many individuals with autism also experience gastrointestinal problems. Thus, certain therapies are directed toward calming the gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to an improvement in attention and learning in some autistic individuals.


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How to understand schematic diagrams and drawings | Pictures of electrical wiring|Temporary electricity switchboard installation photos | How to install house circuit breaker panels
Saturday, April 3, 2010
Feeder pillar single line diagram
There are also a few pictures of feeder pillars so the single line diagram will make some sense. If you need to allocate some space for the feeder pillar plinth, then I have already uploaded a few diagrams towards the end of this post. They should give you enough information to solve the technical problems.
Diagram 1 – Single line diagram of a small feeder pillar for compound lighting
================ RELATED ARTICLES: Electric Cable Drum Pictures | Underground street light cables | Weatherproof 13A switched sockets | Metal-clad socket outlet | Compound lighting storage yard | Compound Lighting Installation Pictures | Bollard light pictures | Feeder pillar hazard pictures | Compound lighting foundation size | Electrical installation pictures | Architectural Lighting
About the author: http://www.linkedin.com/in/electricalengineerforhire
A feeder pillar single line diagram is similar a house electrical panel schematic diagram with the addition of an automatic time switching circuit added.
In the single line diagram, the time switching circuit is the circuit portion towards the top left corner of the dotted rectangle box. The sub-schematic is shaded into lighter grey.
Diagram 2 – Timer switch circuit
There are three items I wish to highlight to readers at the time switching circuit: the time switch, the contact coil and the "SWITCH BY PASS".
The TIME SWITCH
First, the time switch. This is drawn with a symbol of a circle with the "TS" letters inside it.
A time switch is a component that is common to all street lighting and compound lighting. Its purpose is to eliminate the need for human actions to turn "ON" and "OFF" the lighting at the intended operation hours.
For example, the external carpark of a shopping complex may need to be lighted up at 7 every evening and be turned off at 3 A.M.
So this ON and OFF times can be set at the time switch inside the feeder pillar.
A human operator may miss the exact time one day, which can leads to complains by customers, but a machine would not forget. They may break down, but a properly cared machine can be much more reliable than human most of the time.
In large installations, even indoor lights are sometimes installed with similar automatic timers. It is not just for good service, but also to reduce operating costs as the setting of the timer can be authorized to only selected individuals of the organization.
One hour of delayed switching off the lights every night can mean significant additional dollars monthly on electricity bills in large installations.
The SWITCH BY PASS, or MANUAL BYPASS SWITCH
Another important component here is the normally open switch that is labeled SWITCH BY PASS in the single line diagram.
In many drawings, it is called MANUAL BYPASS SWITCH, which I think is more appropriate and more accurate. But one of my draughting lady tends to prefer SWITCH BY PASS label so much that I need to let her have her own way.
The manual bypass switch is used for maintenance or trouble-shooting works. It simply bypass the time switch to ON or OFF the external lighting or street lighting.
For genuine beginners, observe that the bypass switch is connected in parallel with the contacts of the timer relay (Diagram 2 above). With this configuration, either contact in a closed position would energize the contact coil and turn on the external lights.
Often the switch is also the key-operated type so that the ability to bypass the timer can be restricted to only authorized individuals.
The contact coil
This is the third component in the time-switch circuit.
The load currents to the lighting cables are usually higher than the current that the timer contacts can handle. Therefore, another coil with heavy current contacts need to be provided to switch the heavy currents.
That is the purpose of the coil with a symbol of the circle with the "C" in it.
Observe the dotted line connecting the coil to the three contacts at the lighting load circuit.
That is all I wish to say on the timer switch circuit today. For electrical-based readers, the above explanations are never necessary. However, for no-electrical readers, these details on the schematic diagram would probably confuse many of them
Now let's go through a few more components inside the feeder pillar cubicle that may confuse the readers from understanding the simple single line diagram.
The cubicle lighting
Towards the right edge of the dotted rectangle, there is a fuse labelled "20A SPN S/F". You may not see this extra component inside a normal distribution board.
It is used to supply a fluorescent light inside the feeder pillar. As you know, the feeder pillars are installed outside. Any problem to the compound lighting would probably be noticed at night, when the lights are supposed to function.
Because of that, maintenance, trouble-shooting or repair works need to be done in the dark outside. The lighting from the compound lights would not be enough for work inside the feeder pillar. Additional light lighting is needed and that is what the fluorescent light fitting is for.
The socket outlet is also provided for the same purpose (i.e. to operate the tools for the maintenance work).
These are the accessories for the street light feeder pillar or compound lighting feeder pillar.
The timer switch circuit is actually a control circuit.
Other that that, the circuit schematic is almost similar to a simple house schematic.
The main schematic
Now let me give a short brief on the main schematic, the power circuit of the system.
As explained above, the dotted line rectangle represents the physical area of the feeder pillar cubicle.
Components and symbols located inside the dotted rectangle means they are located inside the metal cubicle. That is how to interpret an electrical diagram of this type.
The electric supply is taken from the Consumer Main Switchboard as shown at the lower part of the diagram.
A short introductory brief on armored electric cables
One length of underground armored cable is used. Underground means the cable is installed inside the ground about 3 ft below the surface.
Armored cable cost much more because of the steel wire armor protecting the cable from physical damage. The letters SWA in the cable tag "XLPE/SWA/PVC" is an acronym for "steel wire armor".
"XLPE" at the front means the insulation of the cable conductor. When we say a cable, the terminology is actually not precise enough.
In this case, inside the incoming supply cable there is actually 4 inner cores each with an electrical insulation. Therefore, each of the four insulated inner cores (the inner core is usually made of either copper or aluminium) is a complete electrical cable by itself.
The four of them are bunched together to make it easier to run and it can reduce the cost. We can actually use 4 independent cables instead of one cable with 4 inner insulated cores.
The XLPE label mentioned above indicates the type of insulation of each of the inner cores.
When these cores are bunched together in a bunch like these, an outer insulation is again extruded or layered over the whole bunch, making it look like a single cable. It is actually 4 cables that are bunch together.
The outer insulation is called outer sheath.
If this cable is to be installed underground, it is always better and always considered necessary to provide something strong over the cable in case an excavation work accidentally hits it.
That is why the steel wire armor wrapped around the cable spirally all along the cable length. The armor protects the cable physically.
Then in order to protect the armor against corrosion and other degradation, another layer of insulation is applied over the steel wire armor. Most of the time, it is of PVC (poly vinyl chloride) materials.
That is the label "PVC" on the right of the cable tag.
I did not finish the XLPE part, did I?
What is XLPE?
The XLPE is just like the PVC, but is more expensive and of better quality. That is why it is used only at the inner core of the cable. The PVC material can be used instead of the XLPE, and it will work just fine.
But with XLPE, the inner cores can usually carry higher current for the same inner core size.
I know many readers already now this, but I always wanted to put it down somewhere so I can just give a link whenever an issue requires a further explanation on this cable topic.
What is 1 – 25 SQ. MM. / 4C?
"4C" – I just explained above, the 4 inner cores. If there are 5 or 3 cores inside, then it would have been 5C or 3C accordingly.
"25 SQ. MM." – I mentioned about the size of each inner core, the copper or aluminium material underneath the XLPE insulation. This is the size. It is always in the form of net or real cross-section area. This means if an inner core is constructed of several smaller cylindrical copper wires, then the total cross-section area of those individual wires is taken and used to indicate the size in square millimeters.
I am following the British or European Standards here.
"1 – " … well this mean one length of the 4-core cable is used here. We can use 2 lengths which will give us 8 cores of same sizes. They are installation conditions that may force us to do that, which is a more advanced topic. In that case, it would have been written like this:
That is all about the incoming cable.
The feeder pillar isolation switch
"60A TPN MCCB" – this is the isolation switch. The type of switch used is MCCB (moulded case circuit breaker).
So this switch is also a circuit breaker. It can automatically switch OFF when there a fault inside the feeder pillar cubicle or the cables going to the light poles.
You can actually use a switch and a fuse instead of the MCCB. That is the protection used to supply the cubicle fluorescent light explained above.
The outgoing circuit protection
Going downstream of the power flow path, you can see the outgoing circuit breakers (i.e. 20A SPN MCB) that are used to protect the cables going out to the light poles.
Six MCB's are installed here.
Three are spares however. No cable is connected to the spare MCB's even though there is a red line drawn to each one of them. This is the practice when drawing these types of electrical diagrams.
Each of the three MCB's that are electrically loaded (they have electrical loads i.e. the lights connected to their outgoing cables) has 6 compound light fixtures connected to it.
Each of the fixtures is 70 watt. So we have 6 x 70 = 420 watt connected to a 20A circuit breaker. That is how to read the diagram.
The type of the compound light fitting is HPSV (high pressure sodium vapor).
(UPDATE: A low-pressure sodium type of street light or compound lighting would give you the yellowish light like those seen on the highway. Not a nice color but this type is very energy efficient.
But the high-pressure sodium vapour (HPSV) type that is used here has a good "color rendering". This is the terminology lighting people use to say that the colors produced by a lighting fixture allow human to distinguish different colors easily and correctly.
The low-pressure sodium lamp as mentioned earlier is very energy efficient. However, the yellowish color that it produces have a very poor "color rendering". Have you ever seen the color of your own skin under one of these lights at night? )
The number of lights connected to each outgoing circuit is quite standard for compound lighting. Most installations only connect 6 lights to a circuit regardless of the MCB rating or the rating of the light fixture which usually varies between 70 watt to 250 watt..
So you can actually know how many outgoing circuits you need once you know or estimate how many lights would be installed inside the building compound.
Now let us look at a few of the feeder pillar pictures
Picture 3 – Feeder pillar for compound lighting
This is for a compound lighting system at a public building. Notice the concrete plinth that it is sitting on.
Here there is also an additional power socket installed but it is located outside the cubicle. Therefore, it has to be of a weatherproof type.
Picture 4 – Outdoor power socket
When you install electrical equipment outside of a protected room, under the rain and hot sun, it need to be of a weatherproof type.
Electric voltage inside an electrical equipment and appliance is very dangerous. It can easily kill people.
Every knows that. But when it is installed at a location where there is a possibility of water seepage into the enclosure, then the equipment become extremely dangerous.
That is why when we say weatherproof, the design, manufacture and installation must comply to a certain criteria and quality standard.
The category of degree of waterproofing is graded by what is called IP rating.
Picture 5 – Weatherproof socket IP rating
The 13A power socket here is rated as IP 66. The letter IP stands for Ingress Protection. I think that was how it came to be.
The first number after IP is the grade of protection against ingress is dust and solid objects into the enclosure.
The second number shows the class of protection against harmful ingress of water. The number 6 in this case means that the outdoor socket unit has been designed and manufactured to withstand against water jets to the unit from any angle.
This is important because being installed at a landscape area there are possibilities of strong water jets when the caretaker is watering the landscape garden.
A cleaning work of the compound area after parties and functions may also expose the unit to water jets.
IP Rating of the feeder pillar metal enclosure
I have spoken of the need to waterproof the outdoor socket outlet. The feeder pillar metal cubicle is even more important to be waterproofed.
I did not take the photo shot at the manufacturer label of the feeder pillar. However, I think the IP rating of the above feeder pillar would not be less than IP 56.
This means that the protection against the ingress of water is of the same grade as the 13A socket.
However, the protection against the ingress of dust and solid objects is probably at grade 5, which is one step lower than that for the socket.
At grade 6, the enclosure would not permit any ingress of dust at all. But at 5, some very small dust particles may still be able to enter the feeder pillar enclosure without any harmful effect to the operation and quality of the components and installation inside the cubicle.
The photographs above was taken of an existing feeder pillar for a compound lighting. The other 2 more below are from a new installation that is still in progress.
Picture 6 – New feeder pillar installation in progress
You can see that the underground cables to and from this feeder pillar are not yet terminated.
This unit seem to be much bigger than then existing one shown above. However, that does not necessarily mean it carries more electrical load or anything.
It only means the cubicle design provides more space inside for the access to the components and parts. Usually a bigger unit cost more even if the schematic design used to manufacture them is the exactly the same one.
Picture 7 – Cable entry to the feeder pillar
For readers who are looking for some details on the construction of the feeder pillar, bellow is an example. These 4 diagrams provides you enough measurements to locate the unit precisely at a tight space in a building compound.
With the single line diagram in Diagram 1 above, you can even get a pretty accurate estimated cost from the manufacture and supplier if you allow them to use their standard parts and components.
Diagram 8 – Feeder pillar front view
Diagram 9 – Interior component layout
Diagram 10 – Side dimensions
Diagram 11 – A section showing how the components are to be arranged and routed
Copyright http://electricalinstallationwiringpicture.blogspot.com Feeder pillar single line diagram
15 comments:
- Ganpati said...
Wow Such a nice information is sharing by you. Thanks
Tinned Copper Wire
- April 29, 2010 at 12:11 AM
- qwer.bg said...
thnks a bunch
- May 20, 2010 at 2:10 AM
- dugongsenyum said...
your blog awesome! i like
- June 24, 2010 at 7:27 PM
- Ronnie said...
very informative. pls continue adding
more topics.
- September 1, 2010 at 9:18 PM
- wIn^ said...
:) thanks for sharing this information.
- May 22, 2011 at 7:32 PM
- Broad said...
Glad you to share such a informative article with us .It can help us to improve our site. Glass Cubicles
- January 3, 2012 at 5:09 AM
- shaji said...
- December 1, 2012 at 3:34 AM
- GanpatiEngineering said...
Nice Post..!!
Very infomative post and please continue to adding new post.
Bunched Copper Wire
- September 25, 2014 at 3:19 AM
- sunaina pillay said...
excellent information!!
- October 6, 2014 at 3:05 AM
I saw those kind of electrical diagram on Sydney Electrical Contractors and it is really nice. Thanks for sharing that review here and if you want an electrical services, you may visit their website here for more information.
- June 3, 2015 at 10:48 PM
- Engr. Clement Femi Ologbonjaye said...
Very educative
- September 5, 2016 at 3:01 PM
- Unknown said...
Where do tnb cut off the electrical supplier of houses... Is it in the feeder pillar..? Your Feedback is highly appreciate..
Thank You
- December 7, 2016 at 12:52 AM
- Bryan Tan said...
How to draw the single line diagram ? Use wat software ?
- March 12, 2017 at 7:06 AM
- Afroz said...
THanks alot ..this information cleared my confusion of timer switch and bypass switch.
- April 12, 2017 at 10:55 PM
- azhar shaikh said...
Good sir very nice explanation sir plz add how to connect 4way feeder pillar
- January 14, 2018 at 2:28 AM


text:
Raimund Von Stillfried Baron
HOMME TATOUÉ, VERS 1875About this photograph
The technique of traditional Japanese tattoo has several names, irezumi or horimono. Horimono refers to tattoo in general. However, irezumi is the term generally assigned to traditional tattoo covering large parts of the body, going as far as the typically Japanese integral tattoo, which covers the body like a second skin. Japanese tattoo patterns are influenced by traditional art, popular stories and religion.Read more Read less
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Of Austrian roots, Baron Raimund Von Stillfried was known as Baron Raimund Von Stillfried-Rathenitz. After a career in the army, Stillfried moved to Yokohama and in 1875 opened a photography studio, Stillfried & Co. Shortly afterwards they bought out Felice Beato's photographic collection. Stillfried considered himself as a photographer-painter the approach of which was comparable to painting and which had a distinctive character to it.