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Alarms can alert parents to emergencies before it's too late. In fact, some states even have legislation requiring them. (Learn more about pool safety legislation.) The Good Housekeeping Research Institute tested seven pool alarms (they tell you when the water is disturbed) and six gate alarms (installed on a barrier around your pool, they sound when the gate is opened).
"We recommend using both pool and gate alarms. The more layers of protection, the better," says Todd Kent, GHRI's senior test engineer. "Effective alarms are not lifesaving devices, but they can alert parents to an accident, giving them time to act."
In addition to the pool and gate alarms, GHRI tested a personal immersion detector (i.e., wristband alarm). Here's how all the alarms fared.
Pool Alarms — Passed
MG International Sensor Espio ($699)
The Espio sounded on each mannequin drop test with an average response time of 10.20 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. It tied with Swim Alert for the loudest alarm. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: The Espio offers a swim mode — it automatically rearms when water has calmed after a swim. It is the only subsurface alarm for which the body sits inside the pool. And if the pool is currently being constructed, the metal support plate can actually be installed underneath the coping. Another nice feature: The alarm has magnetic controls, requiring a supplied magnetic key to enter swim mode. This design makes it more difficult for kids to bypass the system. The product also offers a remote control to enter swim mode or deactivate the alarm. The remote has a range of only around 10 feet (a safety feature that requires you to check the pool before silencing an alarm). Make sure you store the remote out of your child's reach.
RJE Technologies AquaGuard ($495)
The AquaGuard sounded on each mannequin drop test with an average response time of 10.81 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: Like the MGI alarms, the Aquaguard offers a swim mode that detects when the water has calmed after a swim, automatically rearming the system. To enter swim mode, however, a pass code is required instead of a magnetic key. During an alarm, the device can be silenced inside the home, which might deter you from checking the pool during an alarm situation.
MG International Swim Alert ($299)
The Swim Alert sounded on each mannequin drop test with the fastest average response time of 8.76 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. It tied with the Espio for the loudest alarm. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: This product was very similar to the Espio in operation, requiring magnetic keys and offering a swim mode. However, it's different in that its body is installed on the deck surface, and it does not come with a remote. You have to go to the in-pool alarm to deactivate it every time it senses a disturbance.
Poolguard PGRM-2 ($260)
The PGRM-2 sounded on each mannequin drop with an average response time of 9.45 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: This product has the lowest price of the pool alarms that passed our test. The PGRM-2 does not offer a swim mode, so it must be removed from the pool to go swimming. If it's not replaced in the pool after a swim, the pool will go unmonitored. For safety purposes, the PGRM-2 is always on when placed in the pool, which is your visual indicator that the product is monitoring the pool. Any time the device hasn't been used for an extended period of time, it's very important to check the battery. Of the products that passed our safety criteria, this is the easiest for a child to bypass, in our opinion. She can simply hold down the button on the back, and then remove it from the pool.
Safety Turtle Wireless Wristband Alarm ($267 for one wristband and one base station; $85 for additional wristbands, $420 package with one wristband and two base stations)
The Safety Turtle is the only personal immersion detector we evaluated — your kid wears a band that sounds an alarm at a separate base station if it comes in contact with the water (e.g., your kid falls in the pool). This product alarmed immediately when introduced to the water.
Comments: Your child has to wear the wristband in order for the alarm to work, and it has to be removed before he swims. The alarm will only sound for a kid wearing a wristband, offering no protection to a child without a band who could wander into the pool area. For the best protection, having an alarm at the pool and in the home, you need to buy two base stations. This product is most suitable as a supplement for pool alarms. It is a good alarm choice for pets and young swimmers around spas or pools with water features. It can be used where the other alarms can't be installed (e.g., ponds, lakes).
Pool Alarms — Failed
SmartPool PE22 ($180-$200)
The PE-22 failed our safety tests and is not recommended.
Comments: This device has a sensitivity adjustment. The alarm did not sound in two of the four mannequin drop tests, and it gave a false alarm during the wind test in less than three minutes. The PE-22 could be very easy for a child to bypass — he simply has to press two buttons (that are very accessible) for three seconds. To use the pool, you must turn off the entire system, and if the alarm is not turned on after a swim, the pool will go unmonitored. It also offers no at-pool light or other visual indicator of whether the alarm is on.
Driven Designs Pool Patrol PA-30 ($200)
The Pool Patrol PA-30 failed our safety tests and is not recommended.
Comments: The product has a sensitivity adjustment. At the least sensitive setting, it didn't alarm for any of the four mannequin drops. As a follow-up, the product was adjusted to the sensitivity recommended in the manual, and it still failed to detect half of the repeated drops. Also, when set to the most sensitive setting, the product alarmed on the wind test. To bypass the alarm, you simply have to take it out of the pool, making it very easy for your child to bypass and leading to the possibility of the device being left out of the pool after a swim.
Allweather Pool S.O.S. ($58)
The Pool S.O.S. failed our safety tests and is not recommended. The product does not offer an in-home alarm.
Comments: The product has a sensitivity adjustment. The product can be made so sensitive that it alarms as soon as it's placed in the pool. For the drop tests, the alarm was placed in the least sensitive setting, never alarming when the mannequin entered the water. For the wind test, the sensitivity was set so the alarm could be placed in the water without alarming. Subsequently, it didn't give a false alarm in the wind test. To bypass the alarm, you can simply remove it from the pool, making it very easy for a child to bypass and leading to the possibility of the device being left out of the pool after a swim.
Pool alarm testing was conducted at Olympic Pools in Flanders, NJ
Next page: See the pool gate test results
Gate Alarms — Passed
SmartPool YardGuard YG18 ($50)
The YardGuard was the overall winner for the gate alarm. It alarmed with no delay when the gate was opened at 1 inch and 2 inches. This product offers a second reset button that can be placed on the inside of the gate, so an adult can easily exit without triggering the alarm. The main unit, placed on the outside of the gate, requires a 4-digit pass code to allow entry, making it more difficult for children or unwanted visitors to bypass. Of the products we tested, the YardGuard is the only device to have such a feature.
Pool Patrol GA-30 ($100)
The GA-30 had the lowest sound level of all the alarms, and had a 6-second delay. We still recommend this product because it is the only gate alarm we tested that offers an in-home siren, in addition to a siren at the gate. Even with a lower sound level, it is most likely to be heard. The Pool Patrol also offers a 15-minute time delay for instances when you need to keep the gate open for longer periods of time (e.g., moving lawn furniture into the backyard).
Poolguard Door Alarm (DAPT) and Gate Alarm (GAPT) ($60-$75)
Poolguard offers an indoor door alarm, DAPT, and an outdoor gate alarm, GAPT. The GAPT and DAPT have 7-second delays to help prevent accidental alarms. The alarms performed well, with the loudest alarm of all the products tested.
Safety Turtle GA-101 ($267)
The GA-101 was the only product without a siren at the gate. However, it does offer an in-home siren, and options to purchase additional base stations to expand the system. To find out if the battery is low, you have to run a test by pressing the bypass button, or by placing the unit in test mode. Overall, it was the most expensive. The Safety Turtle gate alarm and Safety Turtle Wireless Wristband Alarm can be paired to alarm the same base station, combining the layers of protection.
Techko S087 ($30)
The S087 was very difficult to install, particularly outdoors. The nylon straps supplied to secure the magnetic switches did not fit around the test gate, and could not be screwed on like those for the other units, making it very hard to install the product properly. It also lacked an audible alert indicating a low battery. Although this product passed our tests, it was easier to install other units.


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Tagged: PED's
Bud blows smoke, as Rose waits for a toke
Alternate titles for this entry were: Rose hosed and Bud's a dud.
The world has a way of keeping you in check. I was getting to a point where things were leveling out for me and life was getting somewhat(dare I say it) routine.
Ranter's definition of routine = A place for everything and everything in it's place. Following the same schedule with nothing too pending or pressing.
Mostly it means…. No
I enjoy routine. I live for routine. I wish I could plan out the rest of my life and just follow that pre-designed blueprint.
Avoiding life's speed bumps so to speak.
But things never quite roll that way do they? Life in general seems to be a series of lessons, tests, challenges or whatever you choose to call them. That has to be it because my search for "Routine" is interrupted by a continious flow of "WTF now", and other things that prohibit me from achieiving my sacred "Routine".
I know as your reading this you know exactly what I'm talking about as it relates to yourself and your own situation.
Stuff like that gets me thinking that maybe that's what a person's life force is all about. It's what gets you up in the morning so you can accomplish the next thing on your list and it's what keeps you alive another day so you can pay off more of your debt or solve one more of life's dilemmas.
Don't try and analyze the above, it's a personal vent and lets leave it at that.
All is good and I'm still living the dream, guess I just need more sleep 🙂
Rockies vs Mets Game 2
Ouch, the second Rockies/Mets loss hurt. Don't worry Rockies fans, the last two games were only a minor stumbling block. I mean come on,… it takes at least two days just to get used to being on the east coast.
Remember the air is thick and smells different there.
Expect a win tonight as the Rockies adjust to their surroundings and they remember who they are and realize it doesn't matter where they're playing.
When you look over, it's just the Mets in the other dugout and we're a better team this year.
When Hank Aaron Speaks Bud Selig listens?
Maybe, but looks to me like Bud could use a Q-tip or an ear trim.
I dislike the fact that that writers get to vote on who is elected to the Hall of Fame. There's way too much of their personal opinion involved in the decisions.
The decision should be easy. There really is no need for a vote. If a player has earned the right (statistically) to be in the Hall of Fame then he should be there.
Either the human factor needs to be taken out of the Hall of Fame vote or the out of touch voters need to be more human. Everyone f*cks up and I'm sure each of the writers voting have a ghost or two in their own personal closet.
When it comes time for the vote I don't care what "the chosen" baseball writers think about Pete personally and why in "their opinion" Pete doesn't deserve to be there.
Statistically Pete deserves to be there and there should be nothing more to it. The same goes for all players who have the career statistics good enough to make the Hall of Fame.
Do any of you remember the intensity that Pete played with? He was baseball at that time.
I can't say for sure but the Hall of Fame probably has one or two cheaters in it and it's quite possible one or two of our sacred players has a criminal record. On that line of thinking the Hall of Fame could possibly have a player inside it's walls that used PED's.
What if a player did something horrible after he was elected to the Hall of Fame? Could he then be banned?
Yes even "Elway the Pug" thinks Barry Bonds oversize mug and Pete's hair plugged head should be hanging up in Cooperstown. Then as we gaze at his likeness and read his lifetime stats I can tell my kids/grandkids the real story of Barry Bonds and Pete Rose let them decide how they feel about lying, betting and PED's in general.
If a group of seasoned writers are the ones who make the ultimate decision of our baseball history, then let the writers vote only on a players baseball accomplishments and let we the public decide how to tell the rest story.
Yeah Pete's a lying, gambling dooze bag. I'm sure a lot of the fellas who are currently in the Hall of Fame are as*holes too if you asked some of the fellas they played with or against.
Bud Selig is a relic and out of touch with modern baseball. He either needs to step down (preferably), or relinquish some or all of his totalitarian baseball authority.
Both of our countries Kings are dead now and baseball sure doesn't need one.
On a lighter note, I've been having fun with my camera.
I've never said I know a lot about baseball. I'm just a Rockies fan with an opinion.
Go Rockies, two out of four would be fine…D

subset: commoncrawl


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Parwas Hussein was the only Kurdish Iraqi Contestant that made it to MBC's Arab Idol "Pop Idol Arabic version" when she does not speak Arabic fluently. She made to the quarter finals in Arab Idol and lost. "Tough to compete with other contestants with their strong voices in that stage"
|Singing in Beirut while wearing Kurdish traditional dress
Of course it was a clever thing from the Arab Idol producers and the MBC to accept Parwas , they did not have to accept someone who is not fluent in Arabic to become the Arab Idol but for sure politics play a role here. This year was the first time Arab Idol would include Kurdistan.
The young wife and mother made it and earned the love of the viewers all over the Arab world and she had to. Her voice is nice and young with beautiful young face. She had a cheerful charisma that made viewers like her despite the language and cultural barriers as well political conflicts.
Hussein made it regularly for the viewers in the Arab world to listen to Kurdish language and even to hear Kurdish songs in the beginning of the show. I do not think that she made to that stage with the votes of the Iraqis and Kurds only when I think about it.
Here was Prawas singing some Kurdish folk song while wearing a Kurdish traditional dress.
This is how things should be and how ethnic minorities should be invited to be included in the society. What I liked about P was how she celebrated her nation's culture in pride in one of the most watched reality TV shows in the Arab world. We should not be afraid from including ethnic's cultures in to our mainstream cultures whether our Arabic cultures or our nations' cultures. I believe these sub cultures and ethnic cultures actually enriches our Arab/National culture and make it stronger with its diversity.
I do not know if the producers of MBC's Arab Idol understand what they have done or not but they managed to break the ice for real through Kurdistan and the Arabs through Parwas Hussein. I just wish that after breaking the ice , there will be bridges to mend the gap made from a very long time ago. This is the true soft public diplomacy.
Amazingly from what I see the foreign media was focusing on Mohamed Assaf, the popular Arab Idol Contestant from Palestine and did not pay to attention to that young lady from Kurdistan.
Parwas Hussein did not lose , in fact I believe she won a lot of popularity whether in the Arab world or Iraq or Kurdistan. She also made something politicians failed and it is more significant than being the Arab idol.
Here is the official Parwas' official FB page.


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Latest News
- First Released
- November 4, 2010
- Platforms
- ps3, xbox-360
- Genre
- Fighting
- Rating
- Rated "T" for Cartoon Violence, Mild Blood, Mild Language, Mild Suggestive Themes
- Summary
- The second game in this high-flying, fast-hitting, and intense versus battles series, Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2 promises over 90 characters from the massively popular anime franchise. Dragon Ball Z fans can rest assured that the destructible environment, and character trademark attacks and transformations will be true to the series. These include signature Pursuit Attacks which enable players to initiate attack combo strings, juggling your opponent in a string of devastating strikes throughout the environment. Additionally, Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2 sports the new Raging Soul System which enables characters to reach a special state, increasing their combat abilities to the ultimate level. Featuring more than 90 characters, 20 of which are brand new to the Raging Blast series, new modes, and additional environmental effects, Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2 is the next evolution in the home console series. As a bonus for Dragon Ball fans, Raging Blast 2 contains the exclusive new feature entitled "Dragon Ball: Plan to Eradicate the Super Saiyans" -- a completely reconstructed, re-scripted and re-edited version of an original Japanese episode that has never been released in the U.S or Canada, offering something unique to fans of the series. Everyone who buys the game can watch this exclusive anime straight out of the box.


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Places Reflecting America's Diverse Cultures
Explore their Stories in the National Park System
Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
The United States of America is the most culturally diverse nation on earth. People from all over the world have come together to create this country, and they continue to arrive here from many corners of the earth. The National Park Service preserves the historic places and stories of America's diverse cultural heritage and expands and maintains the National Register of Historic Places. This itinerary helps visitors learn about the contributions of the many peoples who have played a role in American history whose stories come alive in the units of our National Park System. The Places Reflecting America's Diverse Cultures Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary was produced by the National Park Service's Heritage Education Services in partnership with the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers.
Text Only Version
Zip Version
Comments or Questions


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- Home
- Fire Features
- Oriflamme
- Oriflamme Granite Giallo Fiorito 32" Square
The Original Designed Fire created by an artisan who sought to capture and share the essence of fire, the unique and innovative Oriflamme Fire Table offers the original designed fire. The Oriflamme Fire Table will be a centerpiece for conversation or contemplation and enhance your outdoor environment and experience. All Tables Include: Table Top Base Designed Burner Decorative Glass Protective Lid Attached Bottle Opener Burner Stand Burner Puller Also: Heat source up to 75,000 BTUs Burn time lasts an average of 16-18 hours on high with two tanks. Depending on outside conditions and flame height, burn time can last up to 35 hours. Adjustable flame height for warmth or ambiance Natural gas component kit available Portable Easy assembly (no tools required) All table components are interchangeable Hoses available for larger remote propane tanks For Outdoor Use Only.


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Check out this amazing behind-the-scenes look at the making of Jurassic Park. You get to see Steven Spielberg block out the complicated car-hopping scene that takes place before everything goes so terribly wrong on the dinosaur island.
This was discovered over at Slashfilm — we're not 100% sure where this is from, but we'd certainly like to see a lot more.


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From Conservapedia
(Redirected from Medical)
Medicine is a branch of medical science that deals with nonsurgical techniques. Medicine may also refer to a substance intended to be used for the treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or abnormality.
See also
External links
- Obesity? Diabetes? We've been set up. Harvard Science.


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Bryanna Clark Grogan's Vegan Feast Kitchen/ 21st Century Table: The kitchen journal of a vegan food writer.. I'm on Facebook and Twitter (see links in sidebar at right).
Saturday, December 30, 2006
Yield: 12
I developed these muffins to use up some commercial "soynog" that I tried and didn't really like for drinking-- found it too spicy. I like my own homemade soy nog with just a little nutmeg grated on top for drinking. But any commercial vegan nog would work well in this muffin recipe. The muffins are not overly-sweet and make a nice snack or breakfast item. I tried to keep the fat reasonably low and the fiber over 5 g.
1 cup whole wheat pastry flour
1 cup unbleached white flour
1/2 to 3/4 cup organic unbleached granulated sugar
1/4 cup wheat germ
1 Tbs baking powder
1 Tbs ground golden flax seed (measure AFTER grinding)
1/2 tsp salt
1 1/4 cups commercial vegan "nog" (see text above-- nutrition facts calculated using "So Nice Noel Nog")
6 Tbs smooth unsweetened applesauce
2 Tbs oil
1 tsp pure almond extract
3/4 cup dried cranberries
1/2 cup chopped lightly-toasted pecans
1/2 cup brown sugar
1/2 cup oat bran
2 Tbs vegan butter (try my homemade palm oil-free "Buttah")
1/4 tsp freshly-grated nutmeg
Preheat the oven to 400°F. Insert large paper cupcake liners in 12 muffin cups in a cupcake pan.
Combine the Streusal ingredients in a medium bowl, mixing with your fingertips. Set aside.
Mix the Dry Mix ingredients in a large bowl. Add the dried cranberries and pecans and stir briefly. Whisk or blend together the Wet Mix ingredients. Add the Wet Mix to the Dry Mix and mix briefly, only to moisten the Dry mix.
Divide the batter evenly between the muffin cups. Top evenly with the Streusal mixture. Bake for 20-25 minutes or until they test done. Cool in the pan for a few minutes, then transfer carefully to a rack. Serve warm.
They can be frozen. To reheat, slice in half and heat in a toaster oven at 400°F for a few minutes.
Nutrition Facts
Nutrition (per muffin): 385.7 calories; 20% calories from fat; 9.1g total fat; 0.0mg cholesterol; 119.3mg sodium; 321.1mg potassium; 74.8g carbohydrates; 5.5g fiber; 23.3g sugar; 69.3g net carbs; 4.7g protein; 7.7 points.
Happy New Year!
9 comments:
- Celeste said...
Hi Bryanna! Was thinking of you...we're moving to Athens, GA and I already found a beginner bellydance class to try. I hope I like it.
Photo of Don and me at Christmas on my blog.
- Tue Jan 02, 01:58:00 PM PST
- Bryanna Clark Grogan said...
That's exciting, Celeste! Who's your teacher?
Great photo! All the best in the New Year and a new city!
- Tue Jan 02, 02:33:00 PM PST
- Harmonia said...
Hello and Happy New Year! I'm back bloggin - same place - http://harmonia.bloggoing.com.
Missed your entries while I was away! Hope all is well!
I can't get enough of your books btw! Any plans for a new one???
- Tue Jan 02, 07:33:00 PM PST
can you take bellydancing classes where you live? i have a hard time finding them.
- Tue Jan 02, 08:18:00 PM PST
I hear you are in for more storms Bryanna. In Saskatchewan right now, 10:45 at night, our temperature is +3 (normal of -20). Who comes in higher on the World's Most Truthful Profession list; scientists, language translators, bellydance teachers, or investment bankers? It's all love kiddies...Waiting for Hell to freeze over..Mad cackling laughter
- Tue Jan 02, 08:48:00 PM PST
- Bryanna Clark Grogan said...
Thanks, Harmonia! I'm working on the seitan Ebook, and planning to do a book proposal of recipes from my newsletter, so we'll see!
Anonymous-- why don't you email me (email@example.com) and let me know where you live, and I can see who teaches there.
padre Y2K, yes, we had a big storm yesterday and the day and night before. Lost power for a few hours, but it's calm now. The weather is nuts. Vancouver got 100 mm of rain yesterday! Stanley Park looks like a bomb hit it. I get nervous when it gets windy now because of the number of trees that have hit houses (miraculously nobody hurt!).
But, what can you do? We're not in a war zone or occupied country! We have clean water and electricity most of the time, plenty of food, and freedom to move.
Wednesday, January 03, 2007 7:56:54 AM
- Wed Jan 03, 10:24:00 AM PST
I don't mean to blame anyone. Everyone does what they can. The higher ups at Chevron(a company many know of) has a web site at Willyoujoinus.com that has funny e-cards and ads about energy issues. Certainly funny coming from them. People working in these industries are aware of the coming problems, and possible options. Is it responsible science to provide people with technology when they ignore the warnings of the people inventing it? I could go on, but I'm not sure this is the place; and I think people of your bent are already ahead of me on this one. Begging your pardon.
- Wed Jan 03, 09:03:00 PM PST
I am SO sure that they are amazing !
I found the So Nice Eggnog at the Loblaws in QcC and I almost leaped for joy. Loved it.
The trouble is that it is all gone so I can't make your muffins :(
I'll save the recipe for next year though ! Thank you !
- Fri Jan 05, 09:56:00 AM PST
MM! Those look great and I bet they made the house smell great as well!
- Sun Jan 07, 12:47:00 PM PST


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31 Days of Windows 8 for HTML5 | Day #10: Toast Notifications
31 Days of Windows 8 for HTML5 | Day #10: Toast Notifications
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This article is Day #10 in a series called 31 Days of Windows 8. Each of the articles in this series will be published for both HTML5/JS and XAML/C#. You can find additional resources, downloads, and source code on our website.
Yesterday, we spent some time looking at Live Tiles, and how to let your users know about important information from your app. Today, we're looking at a different type of user notification: Toast Notifications.
If you haven't worked with Toast Notifications in the past, the word might seem a little silly to you. The word "toast" in this case, comes from the image of a piece of toast emerging from a toaster. Yummy. Our notifications appear in a similar way, popping up in front of our user to let them know when something interesting has happened.
The primary difference between Toast notifications and Live Tile notifications is that Toast messages will appear on the user's screen regardless of which app they are currently running. By default in the top right hand corner. Live Tiles have to be viewed on the user's Start Screen.
Toast messages scream "YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS INFORMATION RIGHT NOW!" where Live Tiles are significantly more passive. Be sure you consider this when you're sending toast messages. If you're spamming them with unimportant nonsense, they're going to turn off your ability to send notifications, or worse, uninstall your app. Make sure you take a little time to read Microsoft's guidance on toast notifications before you get too deep into this.
For reference, here's a few examples of Toast notifications.
Just like Live Tiles, there's an entire catalog of Toast Notification types you can use, but we'll get to those in a moment.
Enabling Toast Notifications in Your App
Our first step to greatness with Toast Notifications is actually enabling them in our application manifest. Open your package.appxmanifest file to the Application UI tab, and select "Yes" from the "Toast capable" dropdown list.
It will be very tempting, as you go through this article, to create a Badge logo file, and upload it to your application, but for this tutorial, don't. Here's why:
If you upload a Badge Logo, you must enable Lock Screen Notifications. However, if Lock Screen Notifications are enabled, you must have a Background Task. We're not covering Background tasks for two more days, and Lock Screen updates are tomorrow. Just be patient.
Today, we're focused on notifying the user via a Toast message. Let's get to that.
Launching a Toast Notification from Your App
Yesterday, Day #9's article focused on Live Tiles, and if you read that, launching Toast Notifications is going to seem *incredibly* familiar and I am not going to go into the same amount of detail here. Just like live tiles there is an xml schema which represents the toast we want to send, note <toast>.
<toast> <visual> <binding template="ToastImageAndText01"> <image id="1" src="image1" alt="image1"/> <text id="1">bodyText</text> </binding> </visual> </toast>
As we did with Live Tiles, we do the same or very similar with toast.
- Get an instance of WinRT Notification
- From Notifications, get your Template
- From that Template, get it's content aka that XML we showed above
- Select and Update appropriately
- (optional) set your duration
- (optional) set audio
- (optional) set any app launch parameters
- Create a new tile notification
- Send tile update
var notifications = Windows.UI.Notifications; var template = notifications.ToastTemplateType.toastImageAndText02; var toastXml = notifications.ToastNotificationManager.getTemplateContent(template); var toastTextElements = toastXml.getElementsByTagName("text"); toastTextElements[0].innerText = "31 Days of Windows 8"; toastTextElements[1].innerText = _toastMessage.value; //taking from screen var toastImageElements = toastXml.getElementsByTagName("image"); toastImageElements[0].setAttribute("src", "ms-appx:///images/clarkHeadShot.jpg"); toastImageElements[0].setAttribute("alt", "Clark's Head"); var toast = new notifications.ToastNotification(toastXml); var toastNotifier = notifications.ToastNotificationManager.createToastNotifier(); toastNotifier.show(toast);
As you can see this is scary similar to Live Tiles. I am setting two text properties, and one image property. For the image, you'll notice I added an extra line this time, referencing the "alt" attribute. If you've done any web development before, you probably already know what that is, but it's an important piece of the accessibility story on Windows 8. It provides a text representation of the image, for those users that are unable to see their screen.
Finally, we create a new ToastNotification object, and show(toast) it on the screen. That's the simple story to creating toast notifications in Windows 8. And here's what that exact tile looks like on my machine:
But wait, there's more! If you created a project, and launched the toast message, you may have noticed that there is an audio clip that goes with it. This is the default Toast Notification sound, but you have options. There's also some other cool things you can do with toast messages.
Setting the Audio for a Toast Notification (and more!)
Everything about creating a Toast Notification stays the same, but we can add some additional nodes to our XML to select a different audio sound, set the duration of the message, and even dictate a page to launch when the notification is clicked (with query parameters as well!)
First, regarding audio, I have some bad news. You can't use your own custom audio file. I know you were hoping to delight your user with the sound of a popping toaster, but it's just not possible. Instead, you can select from a list of 9 audio files, 4 of which are looping sounds that can be used like ringtones or alarms. You can see the entire list of the audio files and descriptions available to Toast Notifications here.
To set the audio, we first need to crack open the XML we've been creating. By default, none of the Toast Templates have an audio node defined, so we need to create one. First, we need to dive into the <toast> node of our template, and then we can set our options. In the code sample below, I've excluded code for creating a Toast notification ( just look above ) and just added the part where we would modify the template to add our audio clip.
.... var toastNode = toastXml.selectSingleNode("/toast"); var audio = toastXml.createElement("audio"); audio.setAttribute("src", "ms-winsoundevent:Notification.IM"); toastNode.appendChild(audio); ....
You an also set the duration, how long it will stay on the screen for a piece of Toast.
.... var toastNode = toastXml.selectSingleNode("/toast"); toastNode.setAttribute("duration", "long"); ....
It's important to remember that all of the options are optional, as you could see by their absence in our first example. Here's a couple of things to remember about these options:
Long duration Toast messages are meant for things like VOIP calls and alarm clocks, not for email notifications. Use this sparingly.
All of the looping audio options that are available will only work if you have set the duration to Long.
The looping audio options will only work if you also set the "loop" attribute to true.
Failure to follow those rules will result in the Notification.Default audio to be played instead.
In addition, you might want to have SILENCE for your toast message instead of any of the audio options. You can do that. In that case, you still specify an audioNode, but you set a new attribute, silent, to true, like this:
var audio = toastXml.createElement("audio"); audio.setAttribute("silent", "true");
This will result in a silent, but otherwise normal toast notification for your user. Finally, there's the "launch" attribute. Within this, we can pass any text string that we'd like, and it will be passed back to us as a page parameter when the toast message is pressed by the user. This data should allow you to determine which page to direct them to, with which data populating it. Don't put anything in the "launch" parameter that doesn't need to make the trip.
.... var toastXml = notifications.ToastNotificationManager.getTemplateContent(template); ... toastXml.selectSingleNode("/toast").setAttribute("launch", '{ "type":"toast", "args1":"31days", "args2":"#10"}' ); ....
That's about it for Toast Notifications in Windows 8. Very similar to Live Tiles, toast messages are a great way to get the user's immediate attention, no matter what they are currently doing. Some of you are probably wondering how we make these updates from a Background task, and for you, we ask for patience. We wanted to make sure we gave a solid overview of each of these notification types before we dove headfirst into Background tasks. You're only two days away from that topic, I promise.
If you would like to download the entire code solution for this article, click the icon below:
Tomorrow, we'll cover our last topic in the notifications world, Lock Screen. See you then!
Take a look at an Indigo.Design sample application to learn more about how apps are created with design to code software.
Published at DZone with permission of Clark Sell , DZone MVB. See the original article here.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.


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Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
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It's that time of year we have changed Old Europe to the Spring theme. And I'm happy to say this year we had two weeks of rain lightning thunder and the perfect way to wash all that dirty snow from the village.
Now everything is fresh and the Spring Market carts are setup the designers have put in the Umbrellas some fantastic FREE gifts. Also the designers have discounted many items some at 50% off to 2/3 the normal prices. Have a look and stop by and remember theres plenty to do at Old Europe. You are have a ride on the ferris wheel in the village square or dance with the intan couples dance balls. Behind the castle you can rezz free WW1 airplanes fly them and they really do shoot each other down and the dog fights over Old Europe can become habit forming.( TIP: theer are free parachutes you can wear and will open automatically from 125 meters if you fall). Take a scenic aerial nest tour over the sim seats two.
Here's a sample of the great free gifts exclusives below.


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The Canada-Dubai story is an impressive one. Trade, tourism and investment are all growing at record levels thanks to the Gulf boom and the successful leveraging of Canada's expertise in this region.
Direct air services are a vital component of any such economic achievement.
However, Emirates is currently restricted to only three flights per week between Dubai and Canada. Our services to Toronto have been thriving in the first year and it is our desire to fly to Canada more often. At the very least we seek to offer our business and leisure travellers a daily service to Toronto in the near future. We would also like to sensibly grow our flights to more Canadian cities such as Calgary and Vancouver, in the same way that we have enhanced other markets such as Australia, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom.


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DOE A to Z: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #
NJDOE NewsFor More Information Contact the Public Information Office:
For Immediate Release: October 1, 2010
Will provide support for instruction and meeting the new high school graduation requirement
The N. J. Department of Education is partnering with the N. J. Department of Banking and Insurance, N.J. Coalition for Financial Education and Junior Achievement of N.J. to raise awareness of the importance of financial literacy education and the resources available to support instruction in grades K-12, as well as the implementation of the new financial literacy high school graduation requirement. The summit will provide an opportunity for New Jersey educators and representatives of the state's business community to dialog about financial literacy education in the global marketplace.
Effective with the 2010-2011 grade nine class, all students will take at least 2.5-credits in financial, economic, business and entrepreneurial literacy. By graduation, students will demonstrate an understanding about how the economy works and their own role in the economy and develop the necessary skills to effectively manage personal finances.
"No matter what career path students choose, they will need to know how to maintain bank accounts, how to understand credit scores and how to stay financially healthy," said Acting Commissioner of Education Rochelle R. Hendricks. "Requiring financial literacy education in secondary schools and promoting its importance sends a message to students that personal finance skills are necessary throughout life. I am pleased that the Department of Banking and Insurance, Kean University, the N.J. Coalition for Financial Education, Junior Achievement of New Jersey and all of the summit's sponsors have joined with us to discuss financial literacy education and to help advance it."
Janis Jensen, Assistant Director of the School for Global Education & Innovation at Kean University and former director of the Office of Academic Standards at the N.J. Department of Education, applauds the efforts of New Jersey business and education stakeholders to support financial literacy education in the state's schools. "Financial, economic, business and entrepreneurial literacy is a key component of a 21st century curriculum as it includes the application of knowledge, skills and ethical values integral to making consumer and financial decisions that impact the self, the family and the local and global communities. The goal is to prepare financially responsible New Jersey citizens that will successfully meet the challenges and opportunities of the global workplace."
The theme of the summit, "Financial Literacy: An Imperative for All NJ Students," will include presentations by experts in the field, breakout sessions on related topics, and exhibits of financial literacy instructional materials. Summit registration closed within weeks due to the popularity of the event and the compelling need for preparing students with strategies to compete in the 21st century global economy. The full-day event is offered at no-cost to attendees and has been made possible through support from members of the business community -- such as Wachovia, A Wells Fargo Company; Capital One Bank; and HSBC Bank USA, N.A. -- and organizations that have made significant contributions to ensure its success.
Introductory remarks will be provided by Tom Considine, the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance. "For the past 20 years, DOBI has presented a Financial Literacy Program to schools throughout New Jersey, speaking to more than 25,000 students," Considine said. "We are pleased to work with the Department of Education, NJ Coalition for Financial Education and Junior Achievement of New Jersey in this important endeavor."
Keynote speakers will include Elisabeth Leamy, Consumer Correspondent, ABC News, and Muriel Siebert "The First Woman on Wall Street" and President, Muriel F. Siebert Foundation. A panel discussion titled, "Financial Literacy in the Global Marketplace," will be led by William M. Rodgers, III, PhD, Professor of Public Policy, Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University Graduate Faculty, School of Management and Labor Relations and Chief Economist, Heldrich Center for Workforce Development.
"The NJ Coalition for Financial Education (NJCFE) is pleased to continue its ongoing collaboration with the NJ Department of Education through the 2010 Financial Literacy Summit." Maryanne Evanko, President, NJCFE, emphasized. "The Coalition believes that all citizens of NJ must have the financial literacy necessary to make informed financial decisions that directly impact the quality of their lives."
Catherine Milone, President, Junior Achievement of NJ, commented that "New Jersey is in the forefront of states that recognize the urgent need to require its high school graduates to be financially literate. Junior Achievement is proud to partner with the Department of Education, the Department of Banking and Insurance and the NJ Coalition for Financial Education in raising awareness and providing supportive resources to school teachers as they equip students with the strategies needed to participate in the global economic world of the 21st century."
More information on the day's agenda and the summit's planning committee can be found on DOE's Web site at: https://homeroom5.doe.state.nj.us/events/agenda/FinancialLiteracySummit2010Agenda.pdf
Details about the summit include:
Financial Literacy: An Imperative for All N.J. Students
New Jersey Financial Literacy Summit
9 a.m. to 3 p.m., Wednesday, Oct. 13, 2010
Rutgers, The State University
Busch Campus Center
604 Bartholomew Rd.
Piscataway, NJ
Other contacts:
Janis Jensen, Kean University
908-737-7134 / firstname.lastname@example.com
Paul Gentile, New Jersey Credit Union League
609-448-2426 / email@example.com
Edward Rogan, Department of Banking and Insurance


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Marc Mackenzie needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 151 designs submitted by 41 freelance designers.
Just Eyewear
We sell affordable yet stylish prescription glasses online. Our customer service is top notch and we'll stop at nothing to make sure our customers are satisfied.
Our audience very broad, ranging from mothers to seniors to college students.
We need a logo that is colorful, fashionable, and trendy. It should include both our name, "Just Eyewear", and our url, "http://www.justeyewear.com". Please stay away from a logo that includes an eye, or is heavy blue / gray (our entire site is blue and we need something that will be more colorful and eye catching). It should not appear health or medical related, but should reflect fashion and style. You can view the design for our site and our old logo here:
These are some of our competitors:
Also, the logo needs to convert well to grayscale, as we will be using this on our hard cases, packaging, etc.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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The Taurus X has an identity problem. By trying to be part station wagon, part SUV and part luxury car. It aims to draw from the best qualities of each, but so far, I'm afraid it might be doing the exact opposite. Take the economy for instance. Ideally, the Taurus X would provide SUV versatility with lower fuel consumption. At 18mpg combined and the inability to haul truly large loads, it does the reverse.
Ford claim the AWD Taurus X achieves 15mpg in the city, 22 on the highway. We're averaging 18 through a mix of highways, rural roads and city driving. This is pathetic considering it barely has enough acceleration to get out of its own way. Ford's new 3.5L Duratec V6 fails to offer either performance or economy, while mated with a new 6-speed automatic that specializes in always being in the wrong gear. The result is a frustrating driving experience. Ford Europe's 7-seat S-max is only 300lb lighter, but since it's equipped with the company's 2.0-liter turbo diesel engine, that car manages a combined average of 32.2mpg with an automatic transmission.
The big Taurus does drive better than its taller cousins. Ford's Edge is equipped with the same engine and feels smaller, but is outclassed by the Taurus X on the road. The Volvo underpinnings are evident, delivering a vehicle that feels safe in any condition. Gone is the Edge's scary waywardness on high-speed highway off-ramps. But mere competence is hardly the pinnacle Ford should be trying to achieve. We can't help but wonder what might be possible if its center of gravity was just a few inches lower.
Somehow, Car and Driver managed to squeeze a 7.7 second 0-60 time out of this thing. We haven't hooked the Taurus X up to timing gear, but in the real world, it's not that quick. This is largely due to the gearbox, mash the accelerator to pull into a gap in highway traffic and you have to wait 3-4 seconds for it to shift down two or three gears before the meaningful acceleration kicks in. By the time you're up to speed, the gap you were aiming for is gone.
Photo Credits: Cydney Goldberg, Grant Ray


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Shakhtar striker Maicon killed in a car crash in Donetsk
Shakhtar Donetsk striker Maicon has been killed in a car crash, the Ukrainian club have announced.
Last Updated: 08/02/14 12:03pm
The 25-year-old Brazilian was involved in an accident in the city of Donetsk on Saturday morning. No further details of the crash have been revealed.
"FC Shakhtar regretfully informs that on February 8, 2014 the life of a footballer Maicon Pereira de Oliveira tragically ended. He died in a car crash in Donetsk," a club statement read.
"He was a talented footballer, an open and friendly guy. Maicon loved life and knew how to make it positive and bright.
"(His) tragic, untimely and absurd death took away a wonderful person from our ranks. Maicon was only 25 years old.
"It is a terrible bereavement for each of us. FC Shakhtar expresses condolences and sympathy to Maicon's family and friends. May he rest in peace."
After playing in the youth ranks at both Fluminense and Flamengo in his homeland, Maicon came to prominence after moving to Ukraine in 2009 to join Volyn Lutsk, for whom he scored 37 goals in 65 appearances.
He also scored three goals in eight games on loan at Romanian side Steaua Bucharest, before sealing a move to Ukrainian champions Shakhtar in 2012.
Maicon found his opportunities limited in Donetsk, however, and at the time of his death was on a season-long loan at fellow Ukrainian outfit Illichivets Mariupol.


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Toothpaste/Toothbrush Supply Drive
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2015 KTM Duke 200 Specs- It rides even faster than it looks. The KTM Duke 200 is the only 200cc naked bike with real racing genes. High-tech components, such as the ultra-compact, water-cooled, single-cylinder, four-stroke engine developing 19 kW (26 hp), the compact three-chamber silencer, the ultralight tubular space frame, the state-of-the-art injection electronics, the 43 mm upside-down fork from WP Suspension and the elegant swingarm all combine to ensure maximum riding fun, powerful drive and dynamic cornering. The Duke is unbeatable with its sensational power-to-weight ratio coming from an ultra low dry weight of 129.5 kg.
2015 KTM 200 Duke Features
- SILENCER: The compact, three-chamber silencer is positioned close to the machine's overall centre of gravity. This aids centralisation of masses and further improves the easy handling of the KTM 200 Duke. Thanks to a regulated catalytic converter, the emissions are exemplary.
- CYLINDER HEAD: Just as on the RC8 R, the four valves in the KTM 200 Duke's cylinder head are actuated by twin overhead camshafts and cam followers. This design is not only extremely reliable but, thanks to the ultra-hard, low friction carbon coating of the cam followers, power output is maximised too.
- ENGINE: The state-of-the-art, liquid-cooled, DOHC single cylinder, with four valves and electronic fuel injection, delivers its 19 kW (26hp) peak power effortlessly. Thanks to its balancer shaft, the engine is characterised by the highest levels of smoothness, even at low revs.
- INJECTION: The intricate engine design, state-of-the-art injection electronics and the close-ratio, six-speed transmission not only help the 200 Duke to achieve impressive performance, but also moderate fuel consumption. Thanks to the regulated catalytic converter, it produces only minimal emissions.
- FUEL TANK: The shapely 11-litre fuel tank on the 200 Duke not only provides the rider with perfect knee contact, but also with a range of more than 300 kilometres, even when ridden hard, thanks to the economical engine.
- SEAT: For all its sports appearance, the two-piece seat provides surprising long-distance comfort, perfect support and first-class ergonomics for both rider and pillion. At 810 mm the seat height is low enough for a secure standing position, but also tall enough for sports-oriented riding and delivering that genuine big-bike feel.
- DASHBOARD: The 2015 200 Duke has everything that distinguishes a true KTM: from the high-quality chassis components to the multi-function cockpit, which even keeps you up to date with fuel consumption and remaining range. The extensive KTM PowerParts range gives you the option of adding your own individual style.
- ERGONOMICS: The 200 Duke is also a genuine motorcycle in terms of dimensions, providing plenty of space and freedom of movement. The compact riding position supports relaxed touring as well as committed cornering. Large contact surfaces ensure optimum control and perfect feedback.
- BRAKES: Riding fast means you also need brakes to match. With a 4-pot radially mounted calliper biting on the generously proportioned 300mm diameter front disc, safe, precise and powerful braking is right there when you need it.
- WHEELS AND TYRES: Equally lightweight and finely crafted as they are robust, the 200 Duke's 17 inch cast light alloy wheels carry a 110 mm tyre at the front and an impressive 150 mm at the rear. The tyres combine tremendous grip in both wet and dry conditions, as well as providing supreme durability.
- FRAME: 19 kW (26 hp) of power and a dry weight of only 129.5 kg guarantee fast-paced riding fun with the new 200 Duke. The first-class chassis, with lightweight tubular space frame in the proven KTM design, turns it into a real carver through the bends. Weight grouped close to the centre of gravity maximises manoeuvrability and precision.
- SWINGARM: The KTM 200 Duke's lightweight, high-quality, pin-jointed swingarm is designed and produced according to the same principle as that on the690 Duke. The light alloy swingarm with directly-linked WP shock absorber excels with extreme torsional stiffness and outstanding tracking stability.
- TELESCOPIC FORK: The 200 Duke's high-quality upside-down fork from WP Suspension has the same 43 mm outer tube diameter as the RC8 R – in other words: real racing equipment that guarantees highest levels of stability and precision.
2015 KTM Duke 200 is equipped with 199.5 cc engine and capable of producing 25 horsepower at 10,000 rpm. and torque to 20 Nm at 8,000 rpm.
KTM Duke 200 Specifications
Design: Single-cylinder, 4-stroke, spark-ignition engine, liquid-cooled
Displacement: 199.5 cm³
Bore: 72 mm
Stroke: 49 mm
Performance: 19 kW (25 hp)
Starting aid: Electric starter
Transmission: 6-speed, claw shifted
Primary gear ratio: 22:72
Secondary gear ratio: 14:42
Cooling system: Liquid cooling system, continuous circulation of cooling liquid with water pump
Clutch: Clutch in oil bath / mechanically operated
Ignition system: Contactless, controlled, fully electronic ignition system with digital ignition timing adjustment
Frame: Tubular space frame made from steel tubes, powder-coated
Fork: WP Suspension Up Side Down
Shock absorber: WP Suspension Monoshock
Suspension travel Front: 150 mm
Suspension travel Rear: 150 mm
Brake system Front: Disc brake with four-pot brake caliper
Brake system Rear: Disc brake with one-pot brake caliper, floating brake discs
Brake discs - diameter front: 300 mm
Brake discs - diameter rear: 230 mm
Chain: 5/8 x 1/4" X‑Ring
Steering head angle: 65°
Wheel base: 1,367±15 mm
Ground clearance (unloaded): 170 mm
Seat height (unloaded): 800 mm
Total fuel tank capacity approx. : 11 l Unleaded premium fuel (95 RON)
Weight without fuel approx.: 129.5 kg
Source ( KTM )


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Vespasian, Latin in full Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, original name Titus Flavius Vespasianus, (born November 17?, ad 9, Reate [Rieti], Latium—died June 24, 79), Roman emperor (ad 69–79) who, though of humble birth, became the founder of the Flavian dynasty after the civil wars that followed Nero's death in 68. His fiscal reforms and consolidation of the empire generated political stability and a vast Roman building program.
Early life
Vespasian was the son of Flavius Sabinus, a Roman knight who had been a tax collector. His mother, Vespasia Polla, also belonged to the equestrian order in society but had a brother who entered the Senate. In his early life Vespasian was somewhat overshadowed by his older brother, Flavius Sabinus, who rose to hold an important command on the Danube about ad 48 and was prefect of Rome for many years under Nero. Although Vespasian is said to have hesitated before following his brother into the Senate, his career was in no sense retarded; for, after military service in Thrace and a quaestorship in Crete, he reached the praetorship in the earliest year allowed him by law, namely ad 39, the year in which his elder son, Titus, was born.
Vespasian ingratiated himself with the ruling emperor, Caligula (Gaius Caesar); and in the next reign, that of Claudius, he won the favour of the powerful freedman Narcissus. He became commander of the Legio II Augusta, which took part in the invasion of Britain in 43. After distinguished conduct at the crossing of the Medway River, he was given charge of the left wing of the advance; he proceeded to occupy the Isle of Wight and to conquer tribes as far west as Devon, capturing more than 20 "towns." For these achievements he was awarded triumphal honours and appointed to two priesthoods, and in 51 he became consul. But, on Claudius's death in 54, Narcissus, whose power had been waning, was driven to suicide; and for a time Vespasian received no further appointment. About 63 he obtained the proconsulate of Africa, where his extreme financial rigour made him so unpopular that on one occasion the people pelted him with turnips. There was no ground for suspecting personal enrichment, but the reputation for avarice remained with him the rest of his life.
In the autumn of 66 he accompanied Nero to Greece, where he was indiscreet enough to fall asleep at the emperor's artistic performance. But this did not prevent his appointment, in February 67, to the command against the Jewish rebellion in Judaea, the scene of two disastrous Roman defeats in the previous year. The appointment was exceptional because Judaea had never before been garrisoned by a legionary army, and Vespasian was given three legions with a large force of auxiliary troops. For such an appointment Vespasian was regarded as a safe man—a highly competent general but one whose humble origins made it almost inconceivable that he would challenge Nero's government should he win victories. As long as Nero was alive, this diagnosis was surely right. Vespasian conducted two successful campaigns in 67 and 68, winning almost all Judaea except Jerusalem. But on Nero's death in June 68 he stopped fighting.
Struggle for power
This pause was surprising, and it was accompanied by the fact that at this moment, with his son Titus as intermediary, Vespasian settled certain differences he had had with the neighbouring governor of Syria, Gaius Licinius Mucianus. The matters discussed between the two commanders are unknown, but the circumstances cannot but raise the question whether they were already considering a bid for power. Vespasian seems to have claimed that further operations against the Jews required a directive from the new emperor, Galba. Such a claim may have been formally valid, but there may have also been underlying political considerations. Vespasian did eventually decide to accept Galba, whose noble descent, given the standards of the day, would have been daunting to a man of Vespasian's position in society. He therefore remained quiet and in the following winter sent Titus to congratulate Galba.
The news of Galba's murder on January 15, 69, reached Titus on his way at Corinth, and he returned to participate in more pregnant discussions between Vespasian and Mucianus. A civil war in Italy was now inevitable; but the main contenders, Otho and Vitellius, were both men whom Vespasian could reasonably hope to challenge. The chronology of Vespasian's actions cannot be precisely determined; what is certain is that at the latest after Otho's defeat and suicide on April 16, he began to collect support. On July 1, probably as a result of a contrived plot, the two Egyptian legions proclaimed him emperor, followed a few days later by the legions of Syria and Judaea. The ubiquitous response in other parts of the empire can hardly have been unplanned, despite Vespasian's claim that his pronunciamento was a response to the misgovernment of Vitellius (who only reached Rome in mid-July).
To ensure his base he had fought a brief campaign against the Jews in midsummer; but he now sent Mucianus with an expeditionary force to Dyrrhachium (Durazzo), where a fleet was instructed to meet him. Vespasian himself went to Alexandria and held up Rome's corn supply. During August the Danubian armies made open their support for him; one of their legionary commanders, Antonius Primus, entered Italy with five legions, destroyed the main Vitellian force near Cremona, and sacked that city. Antonius then proceeded victoriously southward, entering Rome on December 20, when Vitellius was murdered by his own troops. But Antonius arrived too late to prevent the execution of Vespasian's brother Sabinus, who had been persuaded to occupy the capitol, where his small force had been stormed by the Vitellians. It was also alleged that but for Antonius's invasion and its destructive progress Vespasian's victory could have been bloodless, a very doubtful claim. Vespasian gave no thanks to Antonius, whose final misfortune was that Mucianus was able to cross quickly to Rome and take over the reins of power.
Reign as emperor
On December 21 Vespasian's position was officially confirmed by the Senate, but he remained quite frank about the military origin of his rule. He dated his powers to July 1, when the troops had acclaimed him, thus flouting constitutional precedent and contradicting even the behaviour of his rival Vitellius, who had awaited confirmation by the Senate. Later Vespasian received by law a number of powers for which his Julio-Claudian predecessors had not sought explicit sanction. Whether similar grants had been made to Galba, Otho, and Vitellius or were to be made to Vespasian's successors is not known; but a fragment of the enabling law survives, and it includes a provision that can be said to confer on him a naked autocracy. More important to him than any legal enactment, however, was the recognition of his extralegal authority (auctoritas) and the prestige of his upstart house. He carefully publicized the divine omens that portended his accession and also built up the titles surrounding his name. He held the consulate, for brief periods on each occasion, every year of his reign except two; and he gave frequent consulates to his two sons, Titus and Domitian. He accumulated "salutations" as imperator from his armies and allowed Titus to share them with him. Throughout his reign he was insistent that his sons would succeed him, one after the other (Titus having no male issue); and it was probably over hereditary succession that he quarrelled with certain doctrinaire senators such as Helvidius Priscus, who was executed about 76. But Helvidius and his friends had already expressed general misgivings about Vespasian's government in the early months of 70.
About October 70 Vespasian returned to Rome from Alexandria. While in Egypt he had been concerned with raising money; and his exactions, coupled with sales of imperial estates to speculators, caused great discontent among the Egyptians. He now announced that about three times the revenue of the empire was needed to put the state to rights, and both before and after his return he promoted his financial program. He increased, and sometimes doubled, provincial taxation and revoked immunities granted to various Greek-speaking provinces and cities. He reclaimed public land in Italy from squatters and instituted various new taxes, including the diversion to Rome's treasury of the tax paid by Jews of the Diaspora to the Temple at Jerusalem. Such measures were essential after the deficit incurred by Nero and the devastations of the civil wars, but contemporaries inevitably continued to charge Vespasian with "avarice." Such a charge, however, was irrelevant to any emperor of the year 70.
The sum raised by Vespasian for public funds cannot be determined. But he was able to build his Forum and the Temple of Peace, to begin the Colosseum over the foundations of Nero's "Golden House," and above all to restore the capitol. His biographer Suetonius claims that throughout Vespasian's reign his firm policy was "first to restore stability to the tottering state, and then to adorn it." But, despite his buildings and his generosity to needy friends, he probably bequeathed a substantial surplus of public money to his successors.
It was in the same spirit of stabilization that he turned to military affairs. The first task was to restore discipline to the armies after the events of 68–69. Before Vespasian's return Mucianus reduced the Praetorian Guard, greatly enlarged by Vitellius, to approximately its former size; and the legions on the frontiers were soon regrouped to remove from dangerous positions those that had fought for Vitellius. Important changes were made in the East, where Vespasian replaced the single army (which until Nero's time had only four legions) in Syria with three armies, with a total of six legions, in Cappadocia, Syria, and Judaea. Titus effectively ended the Jewish war with the capture of Jerusalem in August 70, and about the same time an alarming revolt in the Rhineland was broken by Vespasian's cousin Petilius Cerealis. The way was now open for the improvement of certain frontiers. In southern Germany annexation of a territory called Agri Decumates cut off the reentrant angle formed by the Rhine at Basel. In Britain more important advances were made; the kingdom of Brigantia in northern England was incorporated in the province, the pacification of Wales was completed, and in 78 the general Gnaeus Agricola began the seven years' governorship that was to lead Roman arms into the Scottish Highlands.
Vespasian had some difficulty with his sons at the beginning of his reign. Domitian had been overbearing and irresponsible in the months before his father's return and was kept firmly in a junior position during the remaining years. With Titus there was cause for alarm when his troops, after his victory in Judaea, asked him to take them to Italy; but he returned alone. Although Titus was not allowed an independent triumph, he became virtually a partner in Vespasian's rule, not only accumulating consulates and imperatorial salutations with his father but also being given command of the Praetorian Guard.
In 73 Vespasian and Titus became censors. In this office, although little is known about the details, they probably carried out extensive reorganization of the provincial communities, including some of the taxation reforms mentioned earlier. They bestowed Latin rights on all Spain, which meant that all city magistrates obtained Roman citizenship, with consequent profit to the imperial treasury; and no doubt Roman citizenship was granted liberally elsewhere. In addition they recruited many new members, provincial as well as Italian, to the Roman Senate.
With the Senate, despite the discords of the early months, Vespasian succeeded in maintaining friendly relations. To the historian Tacitus, who was embarking on his senatorial career in Vespasian's last years, he was "the only emperor who had changed for the better." With opponents he considered dangerous or irreconcilable, he could be ruthless: with Helvidius Priscus may be associated a group of "philosophers" who were expelled from Italy; and in 78 he executed Eprius Marcellus, one of his earliest and most efficient supporters, accused of a conspiracy that may have been directed at Titus's association with the Jewish princess Berenice. But he showed good-natured tolerance of offensiveness that could do no harm.
Personal characteristics
Matching the rugged and uncompromising features that are familiar from his portrait busts, Vespasian cultivated a bluff and even coarse manner, characteristic of the humble origins he liked to recall. This was popular, as also were his great capacity for hard work and the simplicity of his daily life, which was taken as a model by the contemporary aristocracy. At the same time he was astute and ambitious; he built up a powerful party quickly at the outset, and many of his initial appointments were dictated by nepotism or the desire to reward past services. The policies of his reign, though sensible, reveal no great imaginativeness, compared with those of such later emperors as Trajan or Hadrian. Yet it was justly believed by contemporaries that Vespasian had prevented the dissolution of the empire by putting an end to civil war, and it was fitting that pax ("civil peace") should be a principle motif on his coinage. In his last illness he said, "Vae, puto deus fio" ("Oh dear, I think I'm becoming a god"); and after his death he was immediately accorded deification.
He had married one Flavia Domitilla, who bore his sons Titus and Domitian and a daughter, Flavia Domitilla (later deified). Both his wife and daughter died before he became emperor. He then returned to an earlier mistress, called Caenis, who had been a freedwoman of Antonia, sister-in-law to the emperor Tiberius; she too died before he did.Guy Edward Farquhar Chilver


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Glazes are products that add a shiny or glossy coating to a surface. Glaze poisoning occurs when someone swallows these substances.
This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.
Poisonous Ingredient
- Hydrocarbons (including basalt, borax frit, and zinc oxide)
- Lead
Where Found
- Various glazes (paint, ceramic)
Note: This list may not include all sources of glazes.
- Eyes, ears, nose, and throat
Metallic taste Visual problems
- Yellow eyes
- Kidneys and bladder
- Decreased urine output
- Stomach and intestines
Abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Increased thirst
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
- Heart and blood
Convulsions Low blood pressure High blood pressure
- Muscles and joints
- Fatigue
- Joint pain
- Muscle soreness
- Weakness
- Nervous system
Coma Confusion Easily excitable Hallucinations
- Headache
- Inability to sleep
- Irritability
- Lack of desire to do anything
- Tremor
- Twitching
- Uncooperativeness
Uncoordinated movements
- Skin
- Pale skin
- Yellow skin
Note: These symptoms are generally seen only in poisonings that occur over a long period of time (chronic).
Home Treatment
Seek immediate medical help. Do NOT make a person throw up unless told to do so by poison control or a health care professional.
If the chemical is on the skin or in the eyes, flush with lots of water for at least 15 minutes.
If the chemical was swallowed, immediately give the person water or milk, unless instructed otherwise by a health care provider. Do NOT give water or milk if the patient is having symptoms (such as vomiting, convulsions, or a decreased level of alertness) that make it hard to swallow.
If the person breathed in the poison, immediately move him or her to fresh air.
Before Calling Emergency
Determine the following information:
- Patient's age, weight, and condition
- Name of the product (ingredients and strengths, if known)
- Time it was swallowed
- Amount swallowed
Poison Control, or a local emergency number
The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.
This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
What to expect at the emergency room
The health care provider will measure and monitor your vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. You may receive:
- Activated charcoal
- Breathing tube
- Bronchoscopy — camera down the throat to see burns in the airways and lungs
- Endoscopy — camera down the throat to see burns in the esophagus and the stomach
- Fluids through a vein (by IV)
- Medicine (antidote) to reverse the effect of the poison
- Oxygen
- Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (
gastric lavage)
- Surgical removal of burned skin (skin debridement)
- Washing of the skin (irrigation) — perhaps every few hours for several days
Expectations (prognosis)
How well you do depends on the amount of poison swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster you get medical help, the better the chance for recovery.
Damage can continue to occur for several weeks after the poison was swallowed. There may be permanent brain damage.


text: Founded in 1986, Cara is a contemporary accessories label based in New York City that specializes in accessible luxuries that can be worn every day. Offering collections that range from hair pieces and headwear to jewellery and belts, this multi-talented brand is a go-to for style savvy girls looking for the perfect finishing touch to their day and evening outfits. Featuring glass crystals in rich jewel tones, shining faux-pearls and eclectic beading, Cara Designer earrings are bold, beautiful and refined. Ranging from whimsical studs resembling animals and household objects to exotic drop earrings with cascading layers, these standout pieces will look great paired with an elegant up-do.


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/ Size (cm) / girls 13-17 / 16-20 boys / Material Glass & Crystal & Beads / Operate and maintain / Thank you have LYLA Silver & amp; Accessories of hand-made jewelry. On this provide you with product maintenance skills, make your jewelry more long-term use. First, when you wear jewelry, do not in direct contact with water. Second, avoid direct contact with perfume and lotion (wear before use). Third, avoid wearing when engaged in sports activities (in addition to a marked style movable outside). Fourth, do not wear jewelry hot springs. Fifth, avoid prolonged direct sunlight. Sixth, when not worn, use a soft dry cloth, placed in zipper bag to save. Folder chain bag can stop air from entering, slowing oxidation, helping save jewelry. / Hand around the measurement / Hand around the size can be customized, so do not worry too big or too small. Hand around to do the calculation centimeters, with a rope around the hand circle, do the next mark, then ruler to measure. We need your hand "real Wai", so do not amount too loose or too tight.
Product Description
Shipping Fees and More
- Taiwan shipping
Options Shipping fee To Pinkoi Forwarding Center US$ 1.54 Each additional item US$ 0.18 Free shipping in Taiwan for orders over US$ 102.60
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Ship from: Taiwan Ship to: 1st item 2nd item Macau US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 Singapore US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 Malaysia US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 Vietnam US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 mainland China US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 South Korea US$ 6.84 US$ 0.00 Hong Kong US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00 Other countries/regions US$ 6.16 US$ 0.00
The shipping fee to United States is counted under "Other countries/regions".
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NWSB Insider and Seattle Mariners blogger Clinton Bell weighs in with his overview of the top ten players selected in the 2012 MLB first player draft by the Seatlle Mariners. Don't expect many of these players to make it to the show, especially the way that Jack Zduriencik likes to deal prospects. Mike Zunino, a catcher who hits a ton, and calls a mean game as well, is heir apparent for the M's starting catching duties as soon as he is available.
2012 Mariners MLB Draft: Seattle picks & draft overview
Seattle Mariners 2012 draft profile: Florida Gators Mike Zunino
NWSB Insider and Seattle Mariners blogger Insider Steve tells us why he's so high on Mariners number one draft pick Mike Zunino. The reigning SEC player of the year, Zunino hits like Carlton Fisk, but has the knowledge of Mariners great Dan Wilson behind the plate. Watch out Jesus Montero, Zunino's coming! Steve gives you the numbers behind Zunino's game, and tells you he will be an important part of this orginazation moving forward.


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Freedom. Liberty. Chocolate frosting. Three of our nation's cornerstones were "smooshed" by the city of Philadelphia on Tuesday, when it seized the truck of the popular Cupcake Lady. Do not get between Americans and their convenient desserts.
Kate Carrara runs the Buttercream Cupcake Lady service out of a truck she trundles through Philadelphia every day, announcing her location via Twitter. That's how police knew where she'd be at noon on Tuesday, when they surrounded her converted postal truck with a blockade.
"Three enforcement guys came out with badges blazing," Carrara told the Philadelphia Daily News. "Scared the crap out of me. The three cops with them were looking at me like, 'We can't believe we're doing this.'
"And I'm like, there's crack deals a block away and three cops are surrounding the Cupcake Lady? I mean, really?"
The officers impounded the van and drove away with dozens of uneaten desserts, indifferent to the city's never-ceasing demand for cream cheese.
In any other place, someone who calls themself the Cupcake Lady might have folded like softened butter. But this is Philadelphia, and so of course the woman who sells cupcakes from a truck is also a lawyer with 4,000 followers on Twitter, with whom she was quickly plotting escape scenarios.
"I'm licensed as a roamer, like an ice-cream truck that plays a song, sells some stuff and moves on. I have a permit to park at LOVE Park on Wednesdays but most of Center City and University City are off-limits," Carrara said.
The former lawyer said that the badge flashers were business-compliance officers from the city's Department of Licenses & Inspections. But L&I Commissioner Fran Burns claimed, "It wasn't us. We don't confiscate trucks."
The mayor's office agreed, directing questions to the Philadelphia Parking Authority.
Suspicious finger-pointing aside, Carrara wrote a $200 check and then returned to the mean, ganache-less streets of Philly today, where she vowed to fight for amending the vending law. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness through red-velvet cupcakes demand no less.
(Thanks to Joe for the tip) [Philly.com]
Photo Credit: Alejandro A. Alvarez


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..And I turned it in a "modern-candy-hat", so I like to say. It was too boring for me just plain black, so I decided to sew those colorful beads I found at a local shop here. I found it to be adorable! This is a more masculine inspired look, I was writing about that style yesterday and I guess I got influenced by it. Also, today I had to style a few looks with a little black dress, for a exam, maybe I will post them here soon. For now, I have to work on them.
Happy Monday everyone!
Wearing: Kara pants, New Yorker hat, Stradivarius blazer, vintage brooches and bag, random brand shoes, Koton top.


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2014-01-23 / Dining and Entertainment
WVIA Live to Present Leonard Bernstein Program
Many know Leonard Bernstein for the music he composed for West Side Story, but there is so much more to learn about his career, life and music. On Sunday, Feb.
An online subscription is required to view this content.
- Login to post comments


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Like most of Portland, I have wondered over the past two years whether I might be gluten-intolerant. At one point I went to a naturopath, who told me to eat nothing but amaranth, mung beans and kale and to rub castor oil on my belly.
I learned a few things in my gluten-free phase. First, I have no known food allergies. My mysterious symptoms disappeared, and I now gleefully eat wheatberry whole-wheat lasagna with extra whole-wheat bread crumbs. Second, being a difficult diner in Portland isn't really so difficult, but it still helps know a few things. Here's a gluten-free cheat sheet.
A few choices are obvious: Vegetarian restaurants such as Natural Selection, Blossoming Lotus, Portobello and Prasad are all friendly to those medically or mentally allergic to gluten. But a few places in town don't let that dreaded protein composite anywhere near their kitchens, including Harlow. That sister restaurant to Prasad, which just opened in July, serves rice and quinoa bowls, raw veggie burgers and stir-fries that are entirely gluten-free and mostly vegan.
Aside from the occasional dessert special, Mexican restaurant Verde Cocina is entirely gluten-free: Try chilaquiles for breakfast or tofu mole at lunch or dinner.
Peruvian cuisine doesn't use a whole lot of wheat to begin with—it's much heavier on tubers, corn and rice—and Andina has a separate gluten-free menu that's just a hair shorter than the regular menu. It's got tapas, entrees and even desserts (quinoa flour brownie, anyone?).
You'll have to ask for it, but all of Andy Ricker's joints—Pok Pok, Pok Pok Noi, Sen Yai—have what Restaurant Guide co-editor Martin Cizmar fondly refers to as "the leper menu," which clearly marks the items that contain gluten, shellfish or dairy ingredients.
Gluten-free Polish food? Your babcia's rolling in her grave, but Bar Dobre has you covered, with stuffed cabbage rolls, potato pancakes and hunter's stew.
Most Ethiopian restaurants add barley—which has gluten—to their injera bread, which doubles as a utensil, but not South Tabor standby Bete-Lukas.
Nob Hill institution Besaw's Cafe, one of Portland's oldest restaurants, has gluten-free French toast and pancakes, which are reportedly quite light and fluffy.
After a night of heavy, uh, cider-guzzling, gluten-free folks also need pizza at 3 am. Sizzle Pie is here to help: Want that Napalm Breath pie (garlic, pepperoni, onions and jalapeños) on gluten-free crust? This pizzeria slings a pretty decent one.
Portland has tons of gluten-free bakeries, but they're not all created equal. Head to New Cascadia for multigrain bread and to Tula for chocolate truffle muffins. And even glutenheads love Gem's fantastically good gluten-free goodies—chocolate-chip cookies, lemon shortbread and pumpkin bars—from New Seasons, Whole Foods and many cafes in town. In the West End, stop into Petunia's Pies and Pastries for a vegan, gluten-free thin-mint brownie, bumbleberry peach pie or especially a decadent slice of coconut dulce de leche cake.
Many restaurants don't designate gluten-free items, but have servers who are quick to point diners in the right direction. Naturopath Samantha Brody recommends Biwa (her waiter snatched the menu from her to circle safe items), Laurelhurst Market, Nuestra Cocina, Ox and Park Kitchen for picky eaters. "The lion's share of restaurants in Portland will accommodate you," Brody says. "Waiters are pretty prepped at restaurants to know what has gluten in it."


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April 2012 InBox - Letters to the EditorPosted in Features on April 1, 2012
To Door or Not to Door
While reading the Nuts & Bolts section of the Feb. '12 issue I came across a question regarding doorless driving in Pennsylvania. I have a Pennsylvania State Safety Inspection License and reference both the safety and vehicle code regularly. The excerpt you posted, although confusing, was stating that it is illegal to modify or remove anything from your vehicle that was present during the time of manufacture unless it was designed to do so, as with a CJ, Wrangler, or FJ. Now this holds true unless your vehicle is retitled as something other than a regular passenger vehicle, for example a street rod title.
As far as the safety side of it goes, an inspection sticker cannot be issued if any of the original equipment has been removed or modified. This includes tailgates on trucks.
If a vehicle is retitled, then it follows a different set of rules and regulations specifically for each different title designation. Both the vehicle code and safety code are available on the Pennsylvania DOT website. There is nothing stating you can't remove the doors once you reach your wheeling spot or while on private property, but my interpretation (a lot of it is left up to interpretation, unfortunately) is you can't remove the doors and still be legal to drive on the roads unless it was designed to do so, as in the case of a CJ/Wrangler, or it has been titled to allow that type of modification.
Hope this helps. Keep bringing us a great magazine.
1978 Dodge Ramcharger
Via email
How to Start an Off-Road Park
I currently live in southern Louisiana, but I originally hail from the Great Pacific Northwest. My family owns a significant amount of land that would make awesome ORV parks. This would open up some more places for enthusiasts to go and blow off some steam (hypothetically speaking). I am wondering how to go about getting the proper permits, licenses, and other legal red tape out of the way in Clallam and Jefferson counties. Any help would be appreciated.
Charles Brown
Via email
We forwarded your letter to our favorite land use guy, Del Albright, who replies:
Here are some of the best places to get help on starting an OHV park. And note that grant money is available in some areas to help start the park (if you have public access and jump thru some hoops). This is the best book to guide you thru the process: www.nohvcc.org/Materials/ParkGuide.aspx. And here is an article about a park built with grant money (in Kansas): www.sharetrails.org/magazine/article/building-ohv-park-rtp-funding.
Del Albright
Jimmy Buffet?
While I was reading my Dec. '11 copy of 4-Wheel & Off-Road something caught my eye. Page 30 shows Mr. Péwé being filmed by Ol' Sweaty Pants Harrington. The thing that caught my eye was that Mr. Péwé was wearing only one sock. The first thing that came to my mind was the Jimmy Buffet song. Did he step on a Corona top? Thanks for a great magazine, and keep up the hard work.
Derek Hope
Via email
Sharp eye, Derek! And it was better than a sharp stick in the eye, because it was a sharp stick in my foot. Much like the Punji sticks from the Vietnam War, I was punctured and then took steps to prevent infection, hence the sock. And I was humming "Margaritaville" all night long.
While I am always glad to be pictured in your magazine, I have an issue with the caption accompanying my picture on page 68 of Jan. '11 showing Tom Wombles helping to right my buggy ["The New K-2"]. Yes, I did have a belt failure, but no, I was not ejected. After I had shut the buggy down, told everyone I was OK, and prepared to exit by releasing the buckle while supporting myself with the other hand, the belt failed. I dropped 6 inches and did get a knot on the head and a raspberry. I agree that equipment should be checked before a ride, and having safe belts is a must. But I feel that the use of the word ejected is misleading.
I purchased this buggy almost a year and a half ago as a rolling basket case and have been finding little things here and there that needed attention. The manner in which the belts were wrapped through the anchors was obviously one of them. The roll was hard enough to break both motor mounts and the exhaust, but the belts held during the roll. It wasn't until I was exiting the vehicle that the belt pulled through the anchor. The buggy now sports a full set of G Force harnesses properly secured.
It has been over a year since we sold our off-road business, but we are still in the community and feel it is important for people to know that safety has always been a priority to us. By the way, I put the passenger belt on the driver side and wheeled the remainder of the day with no incident. I had an enjoyable time meeting Craig-Ellis Sasser at Katemcy last summer. I hope we entertained him. He's a nice guy. Send him again.
Russel Baer
Via email
Good to hear from you, Russel. As always, events are open to interpretation, and we appreciate the correct information and your commitment to safety. I have been ejected from a ride during a roll; it wasn't due to belt failure but because the attaching hardware was poorly welded at the wrong angle. For those of you who might need some info, check out our seatbelt and rollcage safety articles in this issue for the right way to do it.
Axle ID: Contest!
It seems like there are no new ideas in axles after all. CRD 60s and dropouts with an inspection cover were all the rage back in 1934. I guess we all forgot about it for a while. This axle is about 14 inches in overall diameter. The owner doesn't know what the ring gear size is, but I bet it would rival a 1-ton. The separate pinion drops out like the 14-bolt, and the carrier drops out the bottom/front, and it has a fullsize inspection cover rotated up on the back/top. Not sure what the big nuts by the bearing on the rear cover were. I'm guessing those hi/low drain plugs on the front are where they were going to plumb the cooler for the '34 Trophy Truck project that never got off the ground.
Jeff Mello
Via email
Jeff, as a regular contributor you come up with some weird and wonderful stuff. It sure looks like a CRD design, and all the important stuff for our use, from a car in the '30s! I think the bolts on top of the cover may be carrier cap bolt retainers—it prevents the carrier cap or bolts from moving during high torque loads. Let's see if any of our readers can identify what they are and what the axle is from to win a 4WOR license plate. Readers?
Reader Rant
What D Heck?
Since when have word definitions been allowed to be randomly changed? Is it just to suit a new generation? The question in February's In Box about tow hooks and shackles ("Ultimate Hook") seems to have been answered by either a high school student or a politician. A hook (not sure why this needs explaining) is a metal object bent at least 180 degrees, used to grab. A shackle is the object that connects a leaf spring to the frame but still allows movement. A clevis is the U-shaped connector with either a pin or a bolt slid thru the end, which closes the U and retains a rope, cable, or strap. A D-ring is a metal protrusion in the shape of a D, with the flat side usually welded to a bumper and a hole in the center that allows a clevis or a bolt to be attached. With objects being randomly renamed it's no wonder today's kids are so confused. I'm glad he didn't ask what a snatch block was!
Denny Patterson
Via email
Yes, Denny, we were truly simplifying our terminology for high school students and politicians in that answer. Your explanation of the D-ring is far better indeed. However, does a hook really need to be bent a full 180 degrees to hook, or to grab, as you say?
Next, yes, a shackle is a part of a leaf spring suspension, commonly appearing as two plates and two bolts or even an "H" design with two bolts. But before this design a shackle was made as a U-shaped link, and sometimes with a plate connecting the ends that made it look like a D and is indeed a shackle. Before that, a shackle was a U-shaped device with a pin connecting the ends and was used as a hand or leg cuff retaining device, which—guess what—is the same design as a clevis. And they all looked like the letter D. Hmm.
Now then: Warn, Superwinch, Rugged Ridge, and others call this device a "D shackle," as it is in the shape of a D. But is it? Yes, but not a D-ring, which is where we were unclear. A D-ring is best described as a captive loop that cannot be removed under normal circumstances, while a shackle or a clevis can be removed via the pin or bolt.
Regardless, the gist of the discussion was that a D-ring cannot be quickly accessed by a strap when seconds count, because of its closed nature. A hook is fastest, and a clevis/shackle is better than a D-ring. Thanks for pointing this out! Next time, the snatch block, sheave, and so forth, discussion.
Submission Information
4-Wheel & Off-Road welcomes letters to the editor. Letters must include an address or a telephone number so the sender can be verified. Once verified, your name may be withheld at your request. Letters published in this magazine reflect the opinions of the writers, and we reserve the right to edit letters for clarity, brevity, or other purposes. Due to the large volume of mail we receive, we regret that we cannot reply to unpublished letters or return photos. Digital photos must measure no less than 1600 x 1200 pixels (or two megapixels) and be saved as a TIFF, an EPS, or a maximum-quality JPEG file. Write to: Editor, 4-Wheel & Off-Road, 831 S. Douglas St., El Segundo, CA 90245; fax 310.531.9368 Email to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Guy D. 'Butch' Hendrix
Guy D. "Butch" Hendrix, 69, passed away on Thursday, Jan. 17. He was born Nov. 11, 1943, at the Bauxite hospital.
Butch retired from Alcoa as a heavy equipment operator. He was a member of New Life Church of God, member of Moose Lodge No. 2567, a die-hard Elvis Presley fan and loved hunting, fishing, and camping. He coached softball at Sardis and was very proud to be a Watch Dog Dad at Pine Haven Elementary School.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Guy Willis Hendrix and Helen Ruth Lemons Hendrix; a daughter, Tina Renee Hendrix Quantz; and an infant grandson.
He is survived by his wife, Brenda Sutton Hendrix; two sons, Jeffery Hendrix of Benton and Guy Dustin Hendrix of Springdale; three daughters, Guylann Hendrix of California, Tonya Hendrix Ables of Bryant and Hailey Ables Hendrix of Bauxite; a stepdaughter, Becky Cockrell Mincy of White Hall; a brother, Travis Odell Hendrix of Shannon Hills; 12 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
Funeral will be held at 1 p.m. Monday, Jan. 21, at Ashby Funeral Home with the Rev. Roy Willlis officiating. Burial will follow at Bauxite Cemetery.
Visitation is set from 2 to 4 p.m. Sunday, Jan. 20, at the funeral home.
Online guest book: www.ashbyfuneralhome.com.


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When life is fair, the residents of Beaufort County will be able to attend a yearly Oyster Roast along the protected banks of the Okatie River eating only shellfish caught in that waterway.
At the moment that is not possible because of past approvals of development on a grand scale, given without the knowledge of the effects of too much impervious surface within a sensitive watershed, leading ultimately to the closing of the river for harvesting.
However, this past Monday the Beaufort County Natural Resource Committee took a baby step toward allowing the river not to be degraded past its current level of contamination when they unanimously voted not to allow the rezoning of about 142 acres of property known as the Graves tract.
If the proposed rezoning was approved, it could lead to up to 428 single-dwelling units being constructed and a possible 1,400,000 square feet of commercial space being allowed, give, or take a few hundred thousand feet. Although the owners of the property continue to say they have no immediate plans for the property and are only concerned with the impact on their families for the next few generations, there is nothing but harm for the region that can come from approving this request.
A statement was made that in the larger context of the watershed there are about 38,000 acres so what negative effect could rezoning the small number of 142 acres have on an area that large. Tell that to the people on the Gulf Coast where a one-acre parcel at the bottom of the Gulf destroyed millions of years of Mother Nature's work, an extreme example I suppose, but if there are no plans to be submitted, anything goes.
Moreover using the Coastal Conservation League's estimates this rezoning could increase the amount of impervious surface emptying to the watershed into the fifty percent range, give, or take a few percentages points. Dr. Fred Holland, retired Director of the NOAA Hollings Marine Institute has stated in numerous lectures that once you have reached the 30 percent impervious level the harm done to the surrounding watershed is irreversible. Why take the chance on whether the correct number is 20, 30 or 50, err on the side of caution and saving the environment, which the committee did, since it cannot defend itself against our destructive tendencies.
Certainly, the ultimate solution is coming to some sort of agreement between the property owners and the county that will allow the land to be preserved in some fashion and give the level of security to the proprietors, who have been good stewards that they deserve. Vote yes on the November ballot question for the future funding of the Rural and Critical Lands program and perhaps we will soon be eating Okatie oysters.
In the meantime, you can contact Joe Croley at email@example.com.