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Not many years ago, power quality was largely a technical issue that interested a few highly specialized experts. Today, it has become a national concern. The reason for this change lies in the rapid rise of digital technology. As you'll read in this article, most power quality disturbances that affect digitally dependant industries are short in duration. The best option for providing seamless power lies in energy storage technology. Before I discuss the different types of batteries and new trends in energy storage, let's briefly look at the digital economy and its associated problems and needs.
Digital controls are everywhere. Production lines in high-tech manufacturing plants operate through digital switches. Transportation companies rely on digital devices for scheduling and ticketing. Telecommunication facilities require digital equipment to provide customers with the best service. Even financial institutions use binary code to carry out numerous transactions.
All these industries are vulnerable to small power quality disturbances because they rely on digital controls. A 30% sag lasting a few cycles can close down an entire plant. Moreover, recovery from outages can take many hours. As a result, PQ events become costly. Estimates for costs associated with outages range from $35 billion to $150 billion per year. In addition, reliability issues become security issues because many digital industries are nationally connected or serve as communication links for vital systems.
As you know, reliability is often expressed as the number of "nines." The grid yields about 3 nines, or 99.9% reliability, but digital industries would like to have no more than a single 1-cycle outage per year, which corresponds to 9 nines. This terminology is, however, somewhat misleading. The number of nines relates to total electrical supply outages. However, the important figure for facility personnel is total downtime. Downtime is more closely related to the number of power quality events than to cumulative duration. Equally misleading, at least for digital industries, are the tables that give the cost per hour of an electricity outage. Recovery time is much the same for 5-cycle outages as for five-minute ones.
A more fruitful approach is to look at scatter plots that display the magnitude and duration of voltage fluctuations. Events falling outside the CBEMA curve, or one of its many offspring, are likely to cause system failures. Extensive data have been collected by EPRI, and a new study of power quality in Silicon Valley is underway with DOE funding. Fig. 1 summarizes the results of these studies using the framework of IEEE Standard 1159. The diagram shows the percentage of fatal power quality events in different regions of the chart. The salient point is that 98% of fatal power quality events are shorter than 15 sec — and most of them are voltage sags.
Energy storage represents virtually the only option for providing seamless continuity of a power supply and maintaining it for the crucial 15 sec. Even the fastest diesel generators cannot respond fast enough, and other forms of distributed generation (DG), such as microturbines and fuel cells, are even slower.
Of course, a customer with critical loads could opt to disengage from the grid and rely entirely on DG. Using an N+1 or N+2 configuration would provide continuous high-quality power, but this option could be considerably more expensive than grid power. It may also conflict with emission standard requirements in many parts of the country.
Furthermore, if loads are variable, some energy storage will be required because most DG has bad load-following characteristics. The ideal solution combines energy storage for at least 15 sec and DG for backup. The exact balance of storage and DG will be determined by the price of the equipment, maintenance and fuel costs, and the cost of downtime to the customer.
Classical Batteries
A wide array of batteries is available for energy storage. Most common are lead-acid (LA) batteries. These types of batteries are used widely in automobiles and trucks, so they are inexpensive and their operating characteristics are fairly well known.
The largest battery system using LA batteries is located in Puerto Rico. The system provides spinning reserve as well as voltage and frequency control for the island's grid. At 20MW and 14MWh, the system delivers both power and energy. Although the tropical location makes extra demands on the batteries, officials have decided to double the capacity of the system in the near future.
A transportable LA system with carefully integrated power electronics has been developed with partial funding from the DOE. The system allows high-tech customers to avoid the disastrous effects of microoutages and voltage sags with a payback of one to two years. It has been used successfully in polymer extrusion factories and semiconductor plants in sizes ranging from 2MW to 16MW. The developers of the system received an RD100 award for their efforts.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries need less maintenance than LA batteries. They are sealed, except for a small vent that controls internal pressure, and they require no topping off with water. On the Alaskan island of Metlakatla, engineers installed a 1MW/1.4MWh VRLA system to shield a town from the frequent momentary brownouts that occurred whenever a local sawmill processed a tree. An international panel of industry experts selected this system as one of the best 100 DOE-supported projects.
Gel batteries are becoming popular in Europe. They are more robust and can take more heat and charge abuse, but they are more expensive.
Nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries are less common for large stationary applications, but a 40MW system is being built for voltage support on a long power line to Fairbanks, Alaska. Resistance to cold may have been among the deciding factors.
Flow Batteries
The family of flow batteries presents an interesting feature: they can decouple power and energy. A central cell stack provides power, but total energy is furnished by a reservoir of rechargeable electrolyte, which can be as large as one pleases and situated anywhere that's convenient.
Zinc-bromine batteries are available off the shelf and have been deployed at a number of sites. Again, integrated power electronics are essential to successful applications.
Vanadium redox batteries (VRB) were developed in Australia and Japan. Large units up to 500kW/10 hours have been deployed for load management in Japan. One of the more interesting applications features electrolyte storage in plastic bags, which can be stuffed into available crawl spaces and other residual areas. The technology also can provide voltage control. A VRB facility at a Japanese semiconductor factory provides 1.5MW for load leveling, but it can yield 3MW for 1.5 sec to eliminate sudden sags. Currently, a 250kW/8 hour unit is being launched for end-of-line voltage support in a remote area of southeastern Utah.
Sodium bromide batteries have received considerable interest recently. A 15 MW/8 hour facility is under construction in the United Kingdom. A similar system is planned for the state of Mississippi in collaboration with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The facility is expected to cost approximately $25 million.
Advanced Batteries
Advanced batteries offer vastly decreased footprint and excellent maintenance characteristics. However, they tend to be expensive for large-scale applications. Lithium ion, lithium polymer, and nickel metal hydride batteries have been developed mainly for automotive use.
The market for electric cars may widen if other states join California in mandating zero-emission vehicles. Efforts are underway to test installations of used vehicular batteries for load leveling and power quality control. A wide secondary market would reduce the cost considerably.
A special case among advanced batteries is the sodium sulfur battery. Developed in Japan, this battery operates at high temperatures. Extensive tests have demonstrated safe containment under extreme conditions. Some 38 systems totaling approximately 2MW and 124MWh have been installed in Japan. The largest of these installations, located at a substation in the foothills of Mt. Fuji, provides 6MW for 8 hours. It also can supply active and reactive power to mitigate voltage sags and frequency fluctuations. Operation of a 500kW unit should begin in the U.S. in the near future. The unit will be used for load leveling or as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
Flywheels and More
Classical LA batteries or novel flow batteries rely on chemistry. Flywheels, supercapacitors, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems rely on physics; therefore, they're more robust and less subject to the ravages of entropy. Flywheels store kinetic energy, capacitors store electrostatic energy, and SMES systems store magnetic-field energy.
Flywheels are increasingly attracting interest. They are able to charge and discharge rapidly with few effects from temperature fluctuations or discharge patterns. They have good footprint, lower maintenance requirements, and a long life span, although power loss is faster than for batteries. Flywheels are particularly suitable for power quality control. A number of hybrid systems integrating flywheels with diesel generators are commercially available now.
High-temperature superconducting flywheels are under development with funding from DOE. Such systems would offer inherent stability, minimal power loss, and simplicity of operation, as well as increased energy storage capacity.
Supercapacitors store electrical energy as charge separation in porous high-surface-area electrodes. They are capable of fast charges and discharges and apparently can go through a large number of cycles without degradation. Although these claims are impressive, no large-scale system has been fielded yet.
SMES systems store energy in the magnetic field generated by a loop of endless current. Power is available almost instantaneously. There is no loss, and there are no moving parts. However, energy content is small, and the cryogenics can be annoying. Several 1MW units are used for power quality control throughout the world.
One recent and interesting development was the deployment of a string of distributed SMES units in northern Wisconsin to enhance stability of a transmission loop. The line is subject to large sudden load changes due to the operation of paper mills and has the potential for uncontrolled fluctuations and voltage collapse.
Besides stabilizing the grid, the six SMES units also provide increased power quality to customers served by connected feeders. Other units have recently been installed in the Houston area and the TVA is installing a unit for fast power control.
There are a number of discernible trends in energy storage technology. Storage units, particularly for applications requiring appreciable amounts of power, are increasingly factory assembled and tested. Customers want plug-and-play units. They have neither the time nor the expertise to tease a system into optimal performance.
In the same vein, the trend is toward fully integrated electronics with carefully designed inverters and control systems. Eventually, the controls can be expected to acquire a certain amount of intelligence to respond to weather or market signals. At the same time, such systems will be addressable through the Internet for diagnostics or inventory.
Hybrid systems combining energy storage for seamless response with backup power for reliability are becoming available. Backup usually consists of diesel generators, but microturbines and fuel cells will play a role in the future.
Finally, energy storage systems are getting bigger. Reliability for semiconductor factories and other sensitive industries requires multimegawatt power, and transmission stability applications have even higher needs. Energy management applications may eventually result in storage facilities of greater than 100MW.
This article was intended to highlight the crucial importance of energy storage in providing reliable power. The applications described are illustrative rather than comprehensive.
An excellent starting place for further exploration is the Web site of the Electricity Storage Association (www.electricitystorage.org). Links to most of the technology providers can be found there.
To obtain the latest available information, you may wish to attend the International Conference on Electrical Energy Storage Applications and Technologies (EESAT) 2002, to be held April 18 though April 21 in San Francisco. For details, visit www.sandia.gov/EESAT/.
Dr. Imre Gyuk is program manager for Energy Storage Research at the Department of Energy in Washington, D.C. You can reach him at [email protected].


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Hagel orders shakeup of MIA accounting mission
WASHINGTON (AP) — Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel is ordering a shakeup of agencies responsible for accounting for tens of thousands of Americans missing in action from foreign wars, a mission heavily criticized as wasteful and fragmented.
Hagel's press secretary, Navy Rear Adm. John Kirby, announced Thursday that Hagel wants the two main accounting agencies combined into a single organization. For years the two groups have engaged in bureaucratic warfare.
Hagel ordered his policy chief to give him a plan within 30 days to better account for as many of the missing as possible — and to make the government's accounting work more transparent to families of the missing.
The issue surfaced last summer when The Associated Press revealed an internal report calling the accounting mission "dysfunctional" and inept.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The Council of Europe invites
Together we will work for the changes needed to have more efficiently implemented laws, policies and programmes and to ensure that all children benefit from vastly improved measures to protect them from sexual violence.
So far, the governments of Finland and Monaco have contributed financially to the production of the campaign material.
The Council of Europe programme "Building a Europe for and with children" will work closely with its network of national focal points on children's rights which have been encouraged to set up national campaign teams.
The teams can consist of: national and local decision makers; education, health and child protection professionals; NGOs and other civil society organisations; and parent, child and youth associations in the communities.
If your country does not have a national campaign team, you or your organisation can become a Council of Europe partner by organising a meeting with key actors to set one up. This team will be in the best position to identify the targets for combating sexual violence against children in your country.
Is your country already involved in the campaign? Find out here.
Has your country signed and ratified the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse? Find out here.


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Now compatable with Android L. #1 browser to experience the full web with Adobe Flash Player on your Android. A must have! ◆
Upgrade to Pro version to enjoy premium browsing experience and support continued development.
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Product Name: BS-12
Description:As lauryl lycine, BS-12 belongs to zwitterion surfactants which is good in thickening, foaming, wetting with little irritation to skin and eyes and is used in prodcuts like shampoo, bath, grandma etc.
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Cosmetic Ingredients
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Import Cosmetic Ingredients
Cosmetic raw materials
Varisoft TC-90
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Glycolic acid
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Alpha-bisabolol (nat...
Poria cocos Extract
Bupleurum P.E.
Shitake Mushroom P.E...
Stearyl Alcohol (C18...
Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil...
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Hybrid Safflower Oil
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Cinnamon Essential Oil


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[hide] *1 Biography
Biography EditEdit
The moment she saw Buneary in the episode Setting The World On Its Buneary she was determined to catch her due her cuteness, but failed due her lack of knowledge. At the end Buneary expressed its crush towards Ash's Pikachu with her strange behavior towards him. Dawn managed the catch the Pokémon and Buneary was more than willing to go knowing she would travel with Pikachu by her side.
Ever since then, Dawn's Buneary was used a lot in the Pokémon Contests as well as in battle. As time went on, Buneary appeared to lose her romantic feelings for Pikachu. Despite her small size, Buneary was surprisingly powerful and was often used in battle as well as in contests.
In BW088, she is pleased to see Pikachu again and Oshawott is suprised when Buneary goes for Pikachu instead of him, due to Ash's Oshawott having a crush on Buneary.
Known moves EditEdit
|Ice Beam
|Setting the World on its Buneary
|Setting the World on its Buneary
|Dizzy Punch
|Setting the World on its Buneary
|+ indicates this Pokémon used this move recently.*
- indicates this Pokémon normally can't use this move.
Gallery EditEdit
[2][3]Buneary with Dawn and Piplup[4][5]Buneary performing a double appeal with Piplup[6]Buneary using Ice Beam[7][8][9][10]Buneary preparing Ice Beam[11][12][13][14]Dizzy Punch[15]Buneary's crush on Pikachu Add a photo to this gallery==TriviaEdit==
- Buneary had a big crush on Ash's Pikachu but seemed to lose interest over time. However, in East Unova, when Pikachu and Buneary were reunited, Buneary was interested in Pikachu.
- Buneary and Ambipom are the only Pokémon of Dawn's who haven't disobeyed her. Coincidentally, they are both Normal types.
- When Buneary gets near Pikachu, she swishes her fluff on her legs as if it is a skirt.
- Ash's Oshawott seems to have a crush on Buneary.
- In Hold the Phione! Phione has a crush on Buneary and see Pikachu as a rival, but Pikachu won't battle against Phione for Buneary's heart, so Buneary takes challenge against Phione at If Phione wins, she'll go on a date with it down by the ocean side. Buneary seems to worried for Pikachu at Phione is mad on Pikachu.
- In Memories are Made of Bliss! and Goodbye, Junior Cup – Hello Adventure! is never last between Buneary and Pikachu


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Download the latest version of Fujitsu ICL ErgoPro e153 drivers according to your computer's operating system. All downloads available on this website have been scanned by the latest anti-virus software and are guaranteed to be virus and malware-free.
Browse the list of top matching drivers below to find the driver that meets your needs. To see more matches from our driver database, use our to customized driver search engine.
To download, select the best match for your device and then click the Download button. Need help? You can request the driver and we will find it for you.
Fujitsu ICL ErgoPro e153 Driver Update UtilitySupported OS: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP
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all monitors Driver
FujitsuSupported OS: Win 98, Win 95
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5,926 DownloadsSubmitted Aug 13, 1999 by HMN (DG Member):
"drivers for all fujitsu monitor"
Medion Many Driver
LifetecSupported OS: Win 2003 Server, Win XP Home, Win XP Pro, Win 2000 Workstation, Win 2000 Server, Win NT 4.0, Win ME, Win 98SE, Win 98, Win 95
Release Date: 2001-07-02
File Size: 714.6 KB
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23,782 DownloadsSubmitted Dec 4, 2003 by Rene (DG Member):
"There are many Medion monitor drivers in this exe-file. It unzips on your C-drive. Made in Germany, so it's good."


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Those arriving early can tour the new North Star High School
Mayor Coleen J. Seng will host her first Town Hall meeting the evening of Monday, September 22 at the new North Star High School, 5801 North 33rd Street. All City departments will be represented, and all residents of the City are welcome.
"I encourage the public to come see the City's newest high school and to share their ideas on important City issues," said Mayor Seng. "I have always believed that direct contact is one of the best ways to hear the concerns of citizens, and this is an excellent opportunity for the community to come together for discussion."
A tour of North Star will be offered at 6:30 p.m. The Town Hall begins at 7 p.m. with a reception. At 7:30, the Mayor will make brief remarks and introduce representatives of the City departments. The public will then have an opportunity to ask questions. Individuals may ask one question and one follow-up question until all wishing to speak have been heard. At 8:30, there will be an opportunity for informal follow-up discussion.
The City's government access channel, 5 CITY-TV, will tape the 7:30 to 8:30 portion of the meeting to be aired at later dates on cable channel 5.
Media Release


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- Join MAR
- Member Tools
- Advocacy
- News and Events
- Code of Ethics
- Our Community
Course Description: This one-of-a-kind course is written "through Transaction Coordinator glasses" and covers what the Transaction Coordinator should be doing during the transaction outside of the contract. For every TC or Agent who wants to take their career or business as a Transaction Coordinator the rest of the way, the TC2 course drills down thoroughly into the details, workflow and compliance requirements needed to manage every type of transaction. Students will learn the complexities of the job, the attributes of a successful TC, how to run a TC business and everything in-between. NEW! To earn your certificate you must take and pass the required test. A link to the exam will be emailed to you within 24 hours after the course has ended.
REGISTER: http://store.car.org/car-education/learnmyway-1/remote-tc2-121616.html?acc=c7e1249ffc03eb9ded908c236bd1996d
The Transaction Coordination 2 course counts as an elective towards earning the CTC (Certified Transaction Coordinator) Certification.
Topics include:
For more information about the Transaction Coordination 2 - Beyond the Contract course, please visit www.car.org/education/prodev/tc2/.
PDF course materials will be provided to you by email one day before the course. Additional information about logging-on for the webinar will be sent to you in an email after you have registered for the course.
Please note: Purchase of this course is for use by a single person and may not be broadcast, recorded or shared by more than one individual. If you are interested in showing this course in your office, please contact Education at firstname.lastname@example.com for Broker Pricing Information.


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Latin Horror presents The World of MIDEO 6/4/11
Listen up fright fans…
This Saturday make time to check out The World of MIEDO: The Business of Horror, a panel discussion in conjunction with the East Harlem International Film Festival.
LATIN HORROR and East Harlem International Film Festival bring you a dynamic, multimedia panel that explores the world of horror from both the scream and business ends of the equation.
Read more: The World of MIEDO: The Business of Horror | LATIN HORROR
Scheduled to appear:
Edwin Pagán
Leonardo Zelig
A.D. Calvo
Pepper Negron
Julio Antonio Toro
So if you are interested in the business or just love the genre check it out…
Saturday June 4, 2011 12PM
at THE POETS DEN
309 East 108th Street
(Between 1st and 2nd ave)
New York, New York 10029
And of course check out the Latin Horror website http://latinhorror.com/


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Maiko with her new wheel
When the persistent rain that knows every way into a frame and how to foul a drivetrain falls, the mind has to keep busy to ward off seasonal depression. This year, already one of the wettest, Mark V decided to paint a Hed wheel and it's brilliant.
Wheel close up
There are no decals on the rim; even the Hed logo was stenciled on and painted.
In the city where the weed is legal and the coffee flows like the muddy Duwamish River, Mark did this powered by a case Rockstar Energy drink.
Also with a creative, maker eye.


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Can I take photos with the 360fly 4K?
The 360fly 4K will let you take 360° spherical photos with the 360fly application as well as Point of View 16:9 photos. You can even snap photos while recording video by pressing the camera icon in the 360fly app while recording.
Selecting Photo Mode
1. Open the 360fly Application and connect to your 360fly 4K camera.
2. Once connected, tap on the 360fly icon to access the camera.
3. To switch to photo mode, tab the photo icon to switch the camera into photo mode.
4. Tap the settings revolver icon to pull up the photo mode selector.
5. There are 3 photo modes:
Spherical Photo - 3456 x 3456 JPEG photo. Designed to capture a spherical photo in the 360° orientation. Photo can be panned using the application player.
POV - Point and shoot mode 2560 x 1440 JPEG photo. Designed to point the lens and capture.
Burst Spherical Photo - Take up to 8 sequential spherical 3456 x 3456 JPG photos.
6. Once you set the mode, tap on the shutter icon to snap the photo. The LED on the 360fly 4K will flash red to indicate the photo was taken.
Photos While Recording
While recording a video you can quickly snap spherical photos by pressing the photo icon in the top corner of the shutter button.
Have more questions? Submit a request


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No. 1 Florida State romped and No. 2 Ohio State stumbled, and now the SEC has a chance to win its eighth straight BCS championship.
The Seminoles will play No. 3 Auburn in the BCS title game Jan. 6 in Pasadena, Calif., after the Tigers capped their remarkable turnaround season with a wild victory over Missouri in the Southeastern Conference title game, and then the Buckeyes were upset by Michigan State in the Big Ten on Saturday night.
For Florida State, it was business as usual against No. 20 Duke. Jameis Winston passed for 330 yards and accounted for four touchdowns, just another huge game for the Heisman Trophy favorite, and the Seminoles' defense smothered the Blue Devils 45-7 in the Atlantic Coast Conference championship in Charlotte.
"We're not champs yet," coach Jimbo Fisher yelled to his team after it crushed Duke.
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Florida State will play for the national title for the first time since the 2000 season, and Winston will likely have to stop in New York to pick up the Heisman Trophy before Florida State heads to southern California. The Seminoles were will be looking for their first BCS title since 1999, and they'll be trying to break the SEC's vice grip on the national title before the BCS is replaced by a four-team playoff next year.
It looked as if the SEC did in itself last week, when Auburn upset Alabama. Florida State moved to No. 1 in the BCS standings and Ohio State to No. 2.
Auburn was No. 3, but the SEC was not about to go quietly and just hope for an upset.
The Buckeyes have been the target for the SEC supporters, who have insisted that their champion's one loss is as good as the Buckeyes' none because they played a tougher schedule.
"I have nine words," Auburn athletic director Jay Jacobs was quoted as saying by SI.com on Saturday after the Tigers' 59-42 victory against Missouri. "Strength of schedule. Strength of schedule. Strength of schedule."
Now it doesn't matter.
Ohio State hadn't lost in 24 games, not since Urban Meyer took over last year. Despite all the SEC's lobbying, a victory against the Spartans would have likely been enough to hold off Auburn and send the Buckeyes to the BCS title game for the first time since the 2007 season.
Instead, Ohio State fell behind by 17, rallied back to take a 24-17 lead, then watched Michigan State score the last 17 points to win 34-24.
Michigan State will go to the Rose Bowl. Ohio State will probably have to settle for the Orange Bowl.
The Big 12 and Pac-12 also settled BCS business Saturday.
No. 7 Stanford is going to the Rose Bowl for the second straight year, the first time that's happened since 1970 and '71, after winning the Pac-12 championship game at No. 11 Arizona State, 38-14.
No. 9 Baylor (11-1) won the Big 12 and locked up an automatic bid to the Fiesta Bowl, with some help from Oklahoma. Before the Bears beat Texas 30-10, the 18th-ranked Sooners upset No. 6 Oklahoma State 33-24 in Stillwater to keep the Cowboys from winning the Big 12. Baylor will play No. 15 UCF (11-1), the American Athletic Conference champion, in its first BCS appearance.


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What we do
Granting customers access to new services
With Jumia, the internet transforms people's lives. People across Africa connect onto our platforms and gain access to services and products they need.
Supporting the growth of African companies
More than 50,000 local African companies do business on Jumia every day. We are taking the African economies online and enabling African companies to find new customers.
Creating a sustainable impact in Africa
We open up new opportunities and horizons to African talents. We are creating new jobs and developing new skills on the continent.
Our achievements
E-commerce operations in 14 countries
1.2 Billion consumers and 17 millions SMEs to serve across Africa
Over 500 millions visits per year across Africa
1 transaction or lead every 2 seconds
41 thousands active merchants in the ecosystem
Over 6.1 millions products, hotels, restaurants, and other services listed
Our people
I view my personal experience at Jumia as an example of how to build and make it happen. I always ask or go directly to the people around if I have any question or concern, even if it's a top manager. I also believe that being always open to remarks and helping others when needed are keys to my growth at Jumia.
Paul Bessala
Local Internal Control & Compliance Manager, Cameroon
Jumia for me is an organization that believes in young people who are hungry for success and offers them the opportunity to prove this. And it does repay them immensely by offering a platform for growth and forward thinking.
Daniel Mwai
After Sales Manager, Kenya
At Jumia you have the unique opportunity of seeing a company grow from a small start up to being a market leader in Africa. You don't get this level of pride with so many other companies.
João Falcão
Head of Development, Portugal
It's been 4 years of continuous growth, 4 years of daily challenges, 4 years of over 5000 designs dished out, 4 years of capacity building, 4 years of becoming a better marketing representative, 4 years of learning & understanding the mechanics of ecommerce.
Haruna Godwins
Head of Design, Nigeria
Entre un boss plein d'idées et monté sur piles, et des collègues drôles et très compétents, je sens que rien ne nous résistera.
Lissa Colline DIOP
Marketing Manager, Senegal
En ma qualité de gestionnaire de compte, aider les entrepreneurs à développer leurs affaires est pour moi une fierté, et une des motivations qui me pousse à me lever les matins pour venir travailler.
Oura Ursula Kate
Gestionnaire de compte fournisseur, Ivory Coast


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How the Health Care Overhaul Affects You
WSJ peers into the future with this first-person look at how the Affordable Care Act, commonly known as 'Obamacare,' will impact individuals. Visit wsj.com/prescribed for the interactive version of this video.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... app ... I ... here are ... all hoping ... for a portable very ... troubling known as Obamacare ... joining me from the the the hell up about the ... eternal health policy editor Democrat of it ... over the last of the written the Falcon nine ... that was based on Orton ... why at this point ... I for ... one or ... health care law ... that ... would mean that ... boring I know in America ... yesterday didn't have health insurance ... they now have a range of new wave of big data both the ... probable over dough the day with a ... coming of the woman and What the mother to a new America under the health care law BdB ... after the politics show usually are going on is how the health care law ... affect you ... ready ... it doesn't matter You're Rich ... for for ... a ... single ... BdB for Mary ... this is a sample of that's how you'll get health care ... let's start with the people who feel the biggest change those who didn't have the chance yesterday but you know ... you might be an American who was uninsured yesterday ... maybe around in what may be worth as a cashier already created John ... Rhapsody manual labor ... or is a bike Messenger ... or maybe you wait tables in restaurants ... the thinking and tables order and I'll explain how the government is now probably offering new health insurance ... for the forest on insurance on states' Medicaid has been expanded ... if he was eligible for the government insurance program yesterday ... but if you're single and make less than sixteen thousand dollars a year ... you're now part of the program today ... high earners make it a tax credit from the government or the cost of insurance ... almost anyone who chooses to remain uninsured will face a penalty ... you're one of these newly insured today if you pick your plan sometime in the last three months ... he chose it on and on line you change your state that may look something like this ... the exchange each of the cost of plants in your area ... ratings for the level of coverage ... and how much the government and Jayden ... but not everyone gets their insurance on their own many people get their surrender employers' ... businesses with fewer than fifty full-time employees are not required to offer insurance under the law ... beginning in twenty fifteen businesses with fifty or more staff will be required offered insurance to their full-time employees ... or face a penalty ... some of the smaller one to have the option of using those same state exchanges you just saw ... that some businesses may find ways to avoid having these workers counted as full time ... off after hours ... many businesses had already been offering coverage to workers on their own you may every seen some changes that affect your own company's plan might be allowed to keep your children covered up to the twenty sixth birthday ... but you may also see increased costs free returns plans as employers face beats ... those fees will pay for expanded coverage offered elsewhere in the law ... in you may get some incentive to participate in wellness programs ... another area where things may change treaty now as they look for everyone ... is well covered two plans are required to offer ... all plans are not required to offer a minimum range of coverage starting with preventive health services with no out of pocket costs ... like the one she get this doctor's office ... more Americans will need a primary care doctor which could put those kinds of services in short supply ... certain mental health services are also now comfort ... in our plans are required to cover you even if something serious happens ... I ... insurance companies can no longer Catholic they pay after proceed years like the one year have the right now ... he reads Kantilal following a series injury or health problem ... and that's on the overall effect he ... said he is trying to guess what the broader impact will be ... enough to wait and see how it develops to know for sure


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Meeting Notes 2008 04 08
Talk about "members" and "Members", and maybe even nail down the language to complete the Bylaws to present to everyone for comments, so we can mail them in to become incorporated as a CA non-profit corporation.
We met on 8 April and discussed possible options for organizing, given the constraints we would have with California law. By the end of the night, I remember there being a rough idea along these lines:
0) Have a small Board consisting of the 3 exec officers (CEO, Secretary, and Treasurer). Possibly 5 members to allow for one or two absences while still having a quorum. The role of the Board, as Paul pointed out in his comments, would be to moderate. The role of the exec officers would be to execute the will of the membership, plus take care of bookkeeping (e.g. financials).
1) Have legal capital-M "Members" who would act as "Stewards" for Noisebridge. A Steward's role would be oversight - to make sure the Board and the executive officers are doing the right thing. As a capital-M Member, Stewards would have the rights outlined in the law, including the right to call meetings, toss out the Board, and so on. The idea is that a Steward is supposed to look after the interests of the club as a whole, and everyone would pick initial Stewards with that in mind.
2) Have small-m "members" who come to the place, use Noisebridge resources, work on projects, and so on and so forth. These members are not capital-M Members under the meaning of the law, but there would be some process by which someone could become a Steward. We didn't finalize what such a process would look like.
We then decided to write up a bylaws draft with this concept and send it out to get everyone's feedback. That has not yet happened, I think due to people becoming busy. (I know I was supposed to help out, and I missed at least one irc meeting, for example.)
If I forgot or misstated something, please someone let me know.
-David Molnar


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Series: Berenstain Bears
Stan and Jan Berenstain introduced the first Berenstain Bear books in 1962. Mike Berenstain grew up watching his parents work together to write about and draw these lovable bears. Eventually he started drawing and writing about them too. Though Stan died in 2005, and Jan in 2012, Mike continues to create the delightful Bear adventures from his studio in Pennsylvania, in an area that looks much like the sunny dirt road deep in Bear Country.


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Gareth Bale has been voted as the PFA's Player and Young Player of the Year
Gareth Bale has won the Professional Footballers' Association's Player and Young Player of the Year awards.
Last Updated: 29/04/13 8:52am
The Tottenham Hotspur and Wales midfielder rounded off a remarkable season by becoming the first player since Cristiano Ronaldo to do the double at the prestigious ceremony.
Bale beat off competition from last year's winner Robin van Persie, who was third in the vote behind Luis Suarez and Bale, while Michael Carrick, Eden Hazard and Juan Mata were the other nominees.
The 23-year-old has scored 19 goals in 29 games for Spurs and also had four assists and created 68 chances in a stellar season.
Bale said: "It's a massive honour. To be voted by your peers is one of the biggest things in the game. It's great to win it and I am delighted.
"When you look at the list, there are some massive names on it but I couldn't have done it without the team. They have been fantastic this year and so has the manager. "
The Welshman also took home the Young Player of the Year award, making him only the third player in history after Ronaldo in 2007, while at Manchester United, and Aston Villa's Andy Gray, 30 years earlier, to receive both prizes in the same season.
Bale also won the senior award two seasons ago when he shot to fame with a series of scintillating displays domestically and in the UEFA Champions League.
The official vote in the Young Player category saw Villa's Christian Benteke finish in second, Eden Hazard in third with Romelu Lukaku, Danny Welbeck and Jack Wilshere the other nominations.
PFA chief Gordon Taylor thinks Bale is a good role model to the youth of today.
He said: "Everyone knows Suarez is a great footballer, I just wish at times he could fall in to line because footballers are role models and Gareth and Robin van Persie are really good examples for the younger generation."
Arsenal Ladies midfielder Kim Little, meanwhile, won the inaugural PFA's Women's Player of the Year award and the Scot said: "It is a great night for me. For various years I have watched this event on television so to come here and win the first award is fantastic."
Bale had previously spent most of his career deployed on the left flank for Tottenham and his first club Southampton but this term he has played more centrally, which he thinks is the reason why he has scored so many times.
"I have been shooting a lot more, and I have been coming inside a lot more, too," he added.
"There are a few goals which I enjoyed. The one against Norwich was one of my favourites, and the West Ham one.
"Those two are my favourites from this season. I have a few less assists this year but I am in more scoring positions these days and that has obviously helped my scoring tally as we have seen this season."


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Dave Wood's Book Report, April 15, 2009
'They roused him with muffins -- they roused him with ice --
They roused him with mustard and cress --
They roused him with jam and judicious advice --
They set him conundrums to guess.
When at length he sat up and was able to speak
His sad story he offered to tell:
And the Bellman cried, "Silence! Not even a shriek!"
And excitedly tingled his bell.
There was silence supreme! Not a shriek, not a scream
Scarcely even a howl or a groan,
As the man they called "Ho! Told his story of woe
In an antediluvian tone.
"My father and mother were honest though poor --"
"Skip all that!" cried the Bellman in haste.
"If it once becomes dark, there's no chance of a Snark --
We have hardly a minute to waste!'
-- Lewis Carroll, "The Hunting of the Snark"
No chance of a Snark? What's a Snark?
We first heard of a Snark in English class when we read the poem printed above. Carroll, when asked, said the Snark was a figment of his imagination, something half snail and half shark.
Today Snark has come to mean much more than that. We hear the word all the time. So and so is so snarky. What a snarkish remark, etc.
David Denby, for one, is sick of snark as we know it today at the beginning of the 21st century. And he's written diatribe about Snark and published it in a what used to be called "a slender volume," "Snark: It's Mean, It's Personal and It's Ruining our Conversation" (Simon & Schuster $15.95 cloth)
Demby, movie reviewer for the New Yorker, likes mean writing, likes invective, likes crudeness, but only if it has a point. He claims that snark is its own reward. He calls it "Schoolyard taunts without the schoolyard."
He has no quarrel with slashingly mean satirists and ironists as long as what they say leads to what he calls "civic virtue." He gives as an example John Stewart of TV's "The Daily Show," which can be really up front at times.
For instance Steward once described Karl Rove's head as looking like a big blob of unbaked bread dough. That's OK, says Denby because he believed Rove deserved it because he has never worked for civic virtue.
So what's "snarky"? Penn Jillette, according to Denby because Jillette said Obama did well during Black History Week and that Hillary Clinton would do well because coming up was "White Bitch Month." Neither remark could lead to anything, Denby says, that resembled civic virtue, only an appeal to racism and sexism.
It all has to do with content, Denby says. As his example of the snarkiest writer in America, he takes on Maureen Dowd, whom I have always thought was admirable because she was a liberal, like me.
Not so, says Denby. He says for all of Dowd's grace and cleverness and intelligence, she has no interest in politics per se, just making fun of those who pursue the political dream.
My wife and I lived in Minneapolis for 30 years. When we got there, we thought we had arrived in paradise, compared to earlier cities in our experience, like Toledo or Chicago.
Minneapolis has lost its luster as traffic has become impossible, the schools have struggled and crime is almost always on the upswing.
One thing that has remained the same is Minneapolis wonderful park system. We lived one block from the parkway and used it to walk on, bike on, picnic on.
We skied on the ice of Minnehaha creek and our jazz band played in the beautiful new Lake Harriet Pavilion. It was wonderful and still is, a tribute to its founders, men like Theodore Worth, who foresaw the glories of nature in the non-so-raw.
So I'm happy to report a new coffee table book, "City of Parks," by David C. Smith, a big coffee table tome that takes us from the park system's beginning to the present with photos galore and a very intelligent text. (University of Minnesota, $39.95)
Dave Wood is a past vice president of the National Book Critics Circle and former book review editor of the Minneapolis Star Tribune. Phone him at (715) 426-9554.


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. – The Lipscomb Lady Bisons tennis team has been honored with the NCAA Public Recognition Award for their work in the classroom during the 2012-13 season.
The honor is awarded to teams that had an NCAA Division I Academic Progress Rate in the top 10 percent of all squads in their respective sports in 2012-2013.
Jamie Aid, who served as assistant coach in 2012-13 under former head coach Andrew Harris just completed her first year as head coach. Aid directed the Lady Bisons to their first ever Atlantic Sun Tournament berth this season and plans to continue to stress excellence in the classroom as well as on the court.
"The expectations all the way around academically and athletically are very comparable," Aid said. "One of the first things I look at when recruiting is the grades of the girls.
"We can tell a lot about their drive by how they choose to do in school. You have to work to have A's in your classes. We want girls who want to work."
With the closing match of the regular season at North Florida and the A-Sun Tournament also in Jacksonville, Florida the Lady Bisons spent nine days living within walking distance of the beach. But there wasn't much time for fun in the sun.
"Our girls sat at the kitchen table and studied all day long," Aid said. "They like to do well. It helps to have other people around who have the same goals.
Aid points to the "Linked Lipscomb" program for student-athletes as another way to enhance the academic area. Every member of the women's tennis team participates in the program.
"The expectations are for our tennis players to be well-rounded," Aid said. "Tennis is important and is a priority, but an even greater priority is to have our players leave Lipscomb with good grades, job potential and knowing what they want to do after graduation. All of that is very important to us.
"All of our girls are heavily involved in `Linked Lipscomb'. They saw what it can do for them. Some of them have obtained internships through the program."
Many of the Lady Bisons tennis players are from other countries. Aid points to "Linked Lipscomb" as providing a surrogate family for her athletes.
"Some of the girls are so far away from home," Aid said. "`Linked Lipscomb' has given them a chance to work with adults who care about them.
"It is a big recruiting tool for us. We want the Lipscomb degree to be special and to be worth something."


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March 3, 2012
The Dilemma
24 comments:
- Kishor Barhate said...
please do indicate when & @ what price u buy HDFC bank, Titan industries, ITC, Marico, Hero motorcorp, HDFC limited and nestle india .....
- March 03, 2012
- Dhwanil said...
Hi Rohit,
Interesting post. Don't you think that methodology for exiting both the stock would be roughly similar i.e. assessing discount in price as compared to approximate intrinsic value? In case of a cash bargain, the driving force for selection is pure value and business quality sufficient to ensure that it does not "burn cash". Hence, as the price rise and cash bargain cease to exit, one shall exit. However, I do agree that this strategy has its own downside and Ben Graham suggested to adopt this strategy as divesified portfolio instead of betting on single stock. So one has to adopt this strategy with pinch of salt!
Regarding your wish list, All of them are wonderful businesses. Wouldn't it take 2008 like crash to bring the stocks to a level where they are reasonably priced?
- March 03, 2012
Good post, as always. This is a dilemma faced by almost all investors.
The high quality companies seem to / tend to give lower returns over the short term. But if one considers the long term returns coupled with the lower cost oveheads of taxes and fees, they fare much better.
And the bonus is the peace of mind one gets by being invested in such a company.
We would, of course, want to know your estimate of the fair values of these esteemed companies.
Can L&T also belong to this list?
- March 05, 2012
Hi Rohit,
Thanks for your post.
Personally, I like buying only quality companies for long term.
In India, at present my main concern being hefty premium attached to them-so even in medium term retun could be less than satisfactory.
comparing India FMCG valuations with international names make choice easy if one has access to international markets.
stock like Reckitt with mighty brands and CAGR EPS long term growth rate of 15% is avaialable at PE of 14 and dividend yield of 3-4%.
In technology near monopoly Intel with long term growth rate 12-15% is available at PE of 11.2 and yield of 3.12!
These are same companies which traded at PE of 33 upwards at some point and hence underperformance for long time.
Looking at Nestle, Dabur, Marico reminds me the same. I love to invest in these companies but not at current valuation.
Valuing HDFC is difficult for me with all its divisions but it appears to be a sound coumpounder. Would you be kind enough to tell me whether it is fairly valued at current price?
- March 06, 2012
Great post as always. But why? Why do you think Crisil got this value, and not Icra?
- March 06, 2012
Does the Value investor turning technical?
- March 08, 2012
- a value investor from germany said...
A dilemma every value investor faces!
I am still not sure if i am more comfortable with deep value stocks or with quality stocks. At the moment my portfolio is mixed with both.
- March 09, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi kishor
will provide that data in due course. at the same time times like dec 2011 or nov2008-mar 2009 are good times to pickup these stocks as everyone is scared at that time and these stocks are cheaper and safer too
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi dhwanil
you raise very good points. you are right ..the basic approach is the same. at the same time cash bargins or the real cheap stuff has poor or very mediocore economics ...for example - 2nd and 3rd tier auto component suppliers, second tier chemical companies etc. in all these cases, the intrinsic value is not increasing at a good pace and in some cases it is stagnant
as a result one has to wait for the stars to align for the value to be realised. the longer it takes, more is the opportunity cost. in comparison in case of good business, the intrinsic value is increasing, so even if you wait the final gains are good
you will make decent returns even with graham style stocks, but the good money is made by investing in good business at reasonable or cheap prices.
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
hi lucky
yes ..the high quality stuff is good if one is a bit patient and it is a pleasent experience holding these companies. the cheap ones generally are with poor economics and horrible managements
L&T is also in the list, but it is more cyclical
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
hi ashok
are you in the US ? a lot of fantastic companies are available at unbelivable prices. Microsoft, pepsi, berkshire hathaway and the list goes on
most people take a simplistic approach. india = high growth = consumption stock = fMCG stocks ..so buy these stocks at any price
and US = low growth = dont buy anything
i personally will not by the so called consumption story stocks at these high valuations
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi anon
have not looked at ICRA for some time. i simply picked CRISIL as it has the highest market share and also mulitple revenue streams
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi Rpost
did not understand your comment ? what is technical in my analysis ? btw, i really dont know anything about technical analysis , so anything technical would only be by coincidence
- March 10, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi valueinvestor from germany
welcome to the blog. i am partly in the same boat too, but have been moving out of cheaper stuff for high quality stocks as valuations are cheap for the high quality stuff in india
- March 10, 2012
- Anil Kumar Tulsiram said...
Hi Rohit
Quite interesting blog. I would say that for companies like Crisil or any other growth company we need to know lot more about industry, management, competitive pressure, products etc compared to stock like Denso India, which are more like cash bargains or dirt cheap. On the basis of my personal experience the risk of loss is higher in growth companies compared to cash bargains or where value is substantially below book value. For eg People who had invested in companies like Vishal retail or Pantaloon retail might have to bear huge losses just because they fail to appreciate the risk of debt burden when the company was posting handsome growth.
- March 14, 2012
Why would one exit CRISIL. Are you suggesting that it is fully valued. In which case returns should be in line with profit growth which in last 5 yrs is about 20%. IMHO this is a company with a solid management and is rewarding shareholders with 80-90% of profits as cash dividends. Given this why would one want to exit
- March 16, 2012
Dear Sir,
lovely blog. I also have a blog over there in Germany regarding Value Investing. Check it out with Google Translate. I hope you will like it :
but that is not the reason why i am here. I am here because i want to ask you how can i buy Indian stocks directly ? i asked 3 Indian Brokers. And they couldn´t help me. It sounded that as an foreigner, im German and live in Germany, i can´t open an account with an Indian broker ? is this right ? i never had an answer from this brokers :=(
- March 17, 2012
Thanks Rohit for educating us through these examples. I also like the fact that you continue to add to such list of high quality businesses.
Let's hope we come across an opportunity like 2008 again..:-)
- March 17, 2012
- March 18, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi anil
fully agree with you on your comment. valuation are always important, and i would not want to overpay not matter what the quality. that is where patience comes in
thats the reason why i have this wish list ...will only when the price is right
- March 19, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi anon
i did not say one should exit crisil ? i personally am still holding it ..atleast for the time being
- March 19, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi anon
welcome to my blog ...i did not realise i have readers from germany too :) .in that way value investing is universal.
saw your blog and can see that you have quite a popular blog
i think the indian government is looking at opening up the stock market to qualified foriegn investors soon... dont know the current status
i think one of the readers has left a link
- March 19, 2012
- Rohit Chauhan said...
Hi vic
good to see you here again. we had a repeat of 2008 in Q3 of 2011 ..isnt it , especially in financials. so i think this will keep hapening. just need to keep eyes open and a strong stomach :)
- March 19, 2012
- John said...
Hi Rohit,
I've followed your blog for a long time. This post is brilliant and spot-on.
- March 21, 2012


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Harlem Renaissance
|• Introduction
|• Visual Art
|• A Cultural Awakening
|• Literature
|• Leadership
|• Introduction
|• Visual Art
|• A Cultural Awakening
|• Literature
|• Leadership
"We return.
We return from fighting.
We return fighting.
Make way for Democracy! We saved it from France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America, or know the reason why."
Beginning in 1904, Harlem, centered around 135th Street and 5th Avenue, became a mecca for middle-class African-Americans moving north from Hell's Kitchen, Clinton, and other neighborhoods in New York City. Black intellectuals, writers, and other artists were among the first inhabitants of Harlem, the home of the New Negro movement, as the literary and cultural aspects of the renaissance came to be called.
Importantly prefigured by the writings of W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, the Harlem Renaissance and the New Negro movement generated an explosion of creativity unique in its breadth and depth; it included groundbreaking work in poetry, fiction, essays, music, dance, and theater. Earlier racism, including rashes of lynchings and officially sanctioned murder, had forced many creative black Americans abroad—among them Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson (later James Wright and James Baldwin would also become exiles). Black soldiers returning home from the war were defiant in the face of white people's lack of appreciation for their service; the U.S. Army's policy had forbidden them from marching in the victory parade on the Champs Elysées in Paris, but the formidable 369th Regiment, better known as the Harlem Hellfighters, marched up Fifth Avenue to Harlem on February 17, 1919. They had served longer than any other U.S. regiment (191 days on active duty). Their triumphant return was a point of pride for the community and stirred the rallying cry from the political leaders of Harlem for black equality in exchange for their sacrifice. At the same time, Marcus Garvey's Back to Africa movement inspired working-class African Americans to take control of their lives and histories. Garvey told UNIA members, "We have a beautiful history, and we shall create another one in the future."


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While superbowl audiences are wondering just why that young guy is pretending to be William Shatner, Star Trek's new Captain Kirk Chris Pine is preparing to be named "Male Star of Tomorrow" by expo ShoWest.
The upcoming movie industry tradeshow - during which, movie theater owners will see previews of this summer's blockbusters, courtesy of studios eager to impress and gain buzz - will recognize Pine as an upcoming star during its March 30th through April 2nd run in Las Vegas, according to the Hollywood Reporter. ShoWest co-managing director Mitch Neuhauser told the paper,
ShoWest has a history of recognizing major talents at the very earliest points in their rising careers... Pine's impressive skills on the screen and stage will be sure to be showcased with his performance as Captain Kirk.
The potentially ironic recognition for a man staking his career on a revival of a 40-year old franchise will come during a banquet on April 2nd. Star Trek will be released in theaters May 8th.
ShoWest to honor 'Star Trek's' Chris Pine [Hollywood Reporter]


text:
By Donna Miles
| American Forces Press Service | June 6, 2013
Lt. Col. Raymond Valas, Joint Task Force Jaguar commander, teaches the children of Central School, El Tamarindo, how to march, on their way out to look at Black Hawk helicopter May 14, 2013. (Photo by 1st Sgt. Mike Daigle, Joint Task Force Jaguar Public Affairs)
SONSONATE, El Salvador - About 1,400 National Guard, reserve and active-duty Soldiers and Airmen working side by side with their counterparts from four other militaries are building a lot more than four new schoolhouses in remote El Salvadoran communities.
With each concrete slab laid, each earthquake-resistant wall raised and each corrugated aluminum roof put into place, many recognize that they are building new hope and opportunity for the people of El Salvador – and new bonds that, like the schools they are building, will last a lifetime.
Army Lt. Col Raymond Valas, commander of Joint Task Force Jaguar, is overseeing the Beyond the Horizons 2013 mission in El Salvador. In addition to construction projects in four communities in the country's Sonsonate and Ahuachapan states, it includes two medical exercises, a dental exercise and two veterinary exercises, all conducted by engineering, medical, dental and veterinary professionals from the U.S., El Salvadoran, Colombian, Chilean and Canadian militaries.
Valas called the multinational participation one of the most important aspects of the mission, led by U.S. Army South in support of U.S. Southern Command's theater engagement efforts. All, he said, are working together in demanding conditions to accomplish a common goal.
He recalled walking the construction site for a new school in Las Marias, and marveling at how easily a U.S. Soldier, a Colombian Soldier, two Chilean Soldiers and a Salvadoran Soldier pulled together to pour concrete in sweltering 120 degree temperatures.
"No one put them together in that way. It was just a group of engineers from different countries, getting together to get the mission done," he said. "And all the differences between us kind of melt away as we focus on the task at hand. You take your motivation from one another, and it has an overall impact on our Soldiers that just can't be measured."
The new construction projects are quickly becoming the prides of their local communities. One, in rural El Taramindo, includes two new classrooms, a bathroom with flushing toilets and running water and storage space.
"We used to have a lack of almost everything," said Raquel Ruano, describing the old structure, a refabricated building that turned into an oven under unrelenting summer temperatures and flooded during every rainfall.
The school had become the butt of jokes in neighboring communities, but now Ruano and her students can barely wait to move into the shiny new blue-and-white structure that will replace it.
"We are so very thankful," she said, gathering with the children to watch the progress taking place. "Now we feel whole."
A second project, in Rancho San Marcos, consists of a two-room schoolhouse and latrine, including running water, a septic system and grading to divert standing water toward a nearby river.
"It's a lot of hard work, and it's very hot," acknowledged Army Staff Sgt. R.W. Lemmons, a Wisconsin National Guard Soldier serving as the site's noncommissioned officer in charge.
But as he walked the site, past the tired-looking brick school directly behind the new building, Lemmons said all that is quickly forgotten when he sees the excitement among the local children.
"When you see the smiling faces of the kids, it makes it all worth it," he said. "This is going to be forever."
The largest construction site, in Las Marias, consists of a new, three-room school, latrine and kitchen. The community has no school, and local children had to walk almost an hour along a dangerous roadway to attend classes in a neighboring town.
Army Sgt. Anthony Rorick, a New Hampshire National Guard member serving as the site project manager, admits to a paternal tug at his heartstrings when he talks about what the new structure will mean to the local children. As a new father whose child was born just a week before he deployed here in late March, Rorick said, he's found particular reward in helping to give other children a better future.
"The gratification is knowing that we are doing something important for the people in this community," he said. "It makes what we are doing really rewarding work."
The final construction project, in El Castano, consists of new latrines to replace dilapidated outhouses at the schoolhouse there.
With the Soldiers and Airmen on schedule to complete the projects within the next two weeks, Valas said their most lasting memories will be those formed in the local communities, especially with the children. "They build real friendships, and there is mutual admiration and a sense of respect that goes two ways," he said.
"The kids in the neighborhoods are so happy that they are going to have a new school to study in, and there is a lot of excitement about that," Valas said. "And I think our Soldiers gain a respect for the folks in those communities – their day-to-day lives, what their joys and their hardships are.
A real bond is built there, and I think that is something we will all take with us when we leave here that will last a lifetime."
Those bonds are particularly strong for members of the New Hampshire National Guard, a 12-year partner with El Salvador through the Guard's State Partnership Program. Valas, for example, and his senior noncommissioned officer, Army Command Sgt. Maj. Jason Speltz, first came to El Salvador through that program in 2002. The New Hampshire Guard now conducts more than a dozen exchanges with El Salvadoran military and government representatives every year.
"So we have a real stake in what we are doing here," Valas said. "We know that we are coming back to El Salvador," he added, noting that this provides an even greater incentive to do the best job possible.
"We are going to come back and see those results," he said. "We won't just build it and then walk away."
For many of the other Beyond the Horizon participants, one of the difficulties is leaving at the end of their scheduled rotations without getting to see their projects through to completion. "A little of their heart stays here," Valas said.
Army Sgt. 1st Class Joseph Infante, a Maine National Guardsman who arrived here in May for his two-week annual training, ended up volunteering to finish out the exercise as noncommissioned officer in charge of all four construction programs.
Infante said he loves watching the projects take shape, and the problem-solving and decision-making that goes into it. "This is the best training you can get," he said. But the greatest satisfaction, he added, is knowing the long-term impact the schools will have on their communities.
"It all begins with education. And if we can do something to make it easier for the society to educate their kids, then that is a big step in the right direction," he said.
Valas said everyone involved in the mission recognizes the role they have played in helping to educate El Salvador's future generation. "And if any of our Soldiers should pass through El Salvador again, they are going to know that their work there, and the sweat and labor they put into building those schools, is something they can take pride in forever," he said.
A second Beyond the Horizons 2013 exercise is underway in Panama, and a sister mission, New Horizons 2013, is taking place in Belize.
View more Guard News »
View more Overseas Operations News »
View more State Partnership Program News »
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text:
How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 2: Selma
This reading consists of selections from oral histories taken in 1990 and 1991 from participants in the Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches of March 7, March 9, and March 21-25, 1965. The repetitions and grammatical errors commonly found in oral history transcriptions have not been corrected:
Marie Foster (Selma resident, active in the Dallas County Voters League): I called Amelia Boynton [and] we met the 23rd day of January, 1963. I said, "Well how about this, let's start a citizenship class." I said, "And we publish it, we advertise through the churches and by telephone and just personal contact, and just beg people to please come to the class, that we're going to make sure that they'll be able to fill out the applications correctly." Well anyway, one person came with all that publication. That Thursday night, the same person came back and brought a relative, and that was two people, and then so on. And I was very successful with that citizenship class.
John Lewis (head of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1965): So Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in December 1964, and right after returning from Europe he, in a conversation with President Johnson, he said, "We need a Voting Rights Act. We need a strong Voting Rights Act." And President Johnson and people in the administration said in effect Dr. King, you know, we just signed the Civil Rights Act of '64 and it's just going to be impossible to get another. And so Dr. King said to us, "Well we will write that act. We will write that act."
C. T. Vivian (National Director of Affiliates for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1965): So the thing is, you've got to make the nation understand what's happening, which means that you've got to have the press. We made national television and national television made us. You see what I mean? We made national television news something that people wanted to see every day. Television was made for us, because we're action-oriented. We didn't become action-oriented for the sake of the TV, we became action-oriented because that's nonviolent direct action.
John Lewis: In certain points of Alabama during those years, especially in the Black Belt and in Dallas County, it was just almost uncontrollable fear. You knew if you went to Selma, some of the surrounding areas and towns and community, it was like putting your life on the line. It was very risky. People had some real reservations about getting involved in places like Selma.
Jamie Wallace (reporter for the Selma Times Journal in 1965): People ask me a lot of times why Selma was chosen. You know, Memphis would have been an excellent target or Jackson, Mississippi, or heaven forbid even Chicago. I think a lot of factors contributed, plus the fact that you had a sheriff and a circuit judge here who they knew would resist. And unfortunately that's what occurred.
C. T. Vivian: Now, there are a number of things about Selma that are most interesting. Number one was that they had had a political struggle going on directly related to voter enfranchisement over a period of years. Plus the fact that because of that struggle they had more people registered than any other county around. Half the population, . . . a little over half actually, of the population was black. We did know about Sheriff Clark. But what we really were counting on was not just Sheriff Clark, which some of the sources give you, but the fact that that place was truly racist. . . . But the important thing was an organized group. The Dallas County Voters League was going to make the difference. Because there you had Mrs. Boynton and Reese, who were true leaders of the community, long-time engagement.
F. D. Reese (Selma resident, President of the all-black Selma City Teachers Association, and President of the Dallas County Voters League in 1965): In July 1964 [Circuit Judge James Hare]wrote an injunction. If five or more people were found congregating on the streets discussing the right to vote, they would be arrested. And so that really put a damper on the movement from July 1964 until January the 2nd, 1965. In December 1964 I signed the invitation for Dr. King and SCLC to come into Selma to assist us as we pursued the right to vote, which would include breaking that injunction. On January the 2nd the [Brown Chapel AME] Church was packed. And when the law enforcement officers came and saw such a large crowd of people at that meeting, nothing was mentioned about arresting anybody. And so that did away with the injunction. And from that point on we then resumed our meeting nightly.
Hosea Williams (National Director of Voter Registration and Political Education for the SCLC in 1965): I went down [to Selma] the first of January, then I started all these marches and taking folks to jail and sitting-ins and pickets and filling up the jail. And Jim Clark was kind of like made for me. Jim Clark was a road model racist. First he was big and muscular and handsome, and he dressed immaculately. The next thing, Jim Clark, I'm sure he had a mental problem because he'd lose control. Jim Clark couldn't see from the other movements that what he was doing to us was not only playing into our hands but going to bring the nation down on him. He couldn't see that. I don't think there was a racist in the South that was made more proper for Martin Luther King's nonviolent movement than Jim Clark.
John Lewis: Sheriff Jim Clark was a big man. Big hat, big man, nightstick. And a lot of people were afraid of him, not just black citizen but also white citizen.
F. D. Reese: Had Jim Clark been another person, we would have not reached the goal we did at such speed as we did.
John Lewis: The first mass demonstration in 1965 was on January the 18th, and it was my day to lead a group of people to the Dallas County courthouse. And I will never, ever forget that day. Several hundred people left Brown Chapel AME Church and we walked to the Dallas County Courthouse, very orderly, just a quiet march of people attempting to get to the courthouse and go in and take the literacy test. And we got to the steps of the courthouse. And [Sheriff Jim Clark] walked up to the head of the line and said, "John Lewis, you're under arrest," and he took me to jail. And several other people got arrested and went to jail, and just a whole series of demonstrations started then.
F. D. Reese: I recommended that we would engage in a teachers march on January the 22nd, 1965, on a Friday. Well, there were many people that thought that that never would happen. On that Friday when I got on campus at Clark [Elementary] School, only one car was there, but then cars started coming in, parking, and we had 99 percent participation. When those teachers filed out of that schoolhouse, I saw parents shouting, some were crying, students were shouting, because they felt that now teachers who were looked up to by students and by parents have made a decision to go and become involved.
Jamie Wallace: So [Jim Clark and Wilson Baker, Selma's Public Safety Commissioner] did effect an agreement. The city police would have jurisdiction over the city, the sheriff would have jurisdiction on the courthouse square and the city would have jurisdiction to the bridge, where the city limits end. So demonstrators were handled much differently in the city than they were handled in the county or on the courthouse square.
John Lewis: [In February] a young man by the name of Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot in a little town called Marion, Alabama, north of Selma. This young man was shot in the stomach and he died.
Albert Turner (Marion resident and head of the Perry County Civic League in 1965): So we decided after they killed Jimmie [in February], that we were going to take Jimmie's body to the state capital, and dump it on the steps. And Dr. King said to us then that he thought that all of us ought to organize, and go to Montgomery in a mass. We were just kind of like in war, to be frank with you, and we were determined, really, to break the system down.
We had a long caravan of cars that came down that Sunday morning [March 7] from Marion, we came with our clothes and our lunch. And once we got here, we found out that Dr. King had decided that we were not going to Montgomery that day. I understand it now, there was no logistical way we could go out and march. We had no tents, no food. Nobody had made no arrangements, or nothing like this. But we from Perry County didn't know all of this. And I had so many people, and had been trained that you never get people that ready, and don't do nothing. So in all fairness, I was the individual who seriously insisted we had to march in some form or fashion that day, to keep from killing the movement. We called Dr. King and told him what the situation was and we explained to him why we had to walk.
John Lewis: as an individual and as chairman of SNCC I took the position that we should march from Selma to Montgomery. We had to somehow take the message to Governor Wallace, that we had to have a showdown in Alabama. The Executive Committee of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee [as a whole] opposed the idea of the march, but said, well, you can march as an individual but not as chairman of SNCC.
Albert Turner: So Hosea and John Lewis led that day as SCLC and SNCC and I walked second. I guess if I had to tell the truth, it probably was the most fearful march I ever had. That's the one day we knew what was going to happen to us before we left. And Jimmie was already killed, so we expected some more to be killed.
Jamie Wallace: It was obvious to those of us in the media that this was to be a symbolic gesture. It was not a serious march to Montgomery. Ladies had on high-heel shoes, the absence of Dr. King and the national media and so forth. So we felt like it was strictly a symbolic gesture to cross a bridge, go to a point about 100 yards beyond the bridge and probably turn around and come back, and be able to say that we did it even though they told us not to do it.
Amelia Boynton (Selma Resident, widow of Samuel Boynton and active in the Dallas County Voters Leagues in 1965): So that Sunday morning I went immediately to the church. I had on high-heel shoes, because at that time I didn't wear low-heel shoes. I started out with the rest. Marie Foster and I were in the front. And just before we got to the light across the [Edmund Pettus] bridge, we saw that the road was blocked. I didn't think anything was going to happen, but as we approached, it was announced, "Don't go any farther." And when Hosea Williams said, "May I say something?" Clark said, "No, you may not say anything. Charge on them, men!"
And they started beating us. They had horses. And I saw them when they were beating people down, and I just stood. Then one guy hit me with the nightstick, I think it was a nightstick. He hit me with the nightstick just back of the head and down toward the shoulder. And I still stood up there. Then the second lick was at the base of the neck. And I fell. I think that was the ambulance that came from Anderson Funeral Home that took me to the church and tried to revive me but could not revive me. So they took me to the Good Samaritan Hospital. And when I was revived, I really didn't know where I was, but I was there several hours before I really came to.
Hosea Williams: So when we got over the bridge—well I'll tell you, it was one of the most gratifying and most memorable moments of my whole life. I don't think I ever seen Americans more ready and willing to suffer and sacrifice for dignity, for human dignity, in my whole life. (inaudible). And I was just like crying inside, laughing, I'm just so happy to see all of those people just, let's go, let's go.
So we go ahead across the bridge, then we come to the confrontation after we cross the bridge. And I don't know where I've seen that many cops and state troopers and militia men. Al Lingo was the Public Safety Commissioner. He said, "Halt!" So we stopped. And he said, "Take them niggers back home." Now, I finally mustered up enough grit and grime to open my mouth. I said, "Sir, may we have a word with you?" And he said, "There will be no talking today. I said take them niggers back to the church. You got one minute." I looked at my watch, and 15 seconds he said, "Charge." So they knocked me right down. They first beat us down with billy clubs, then they gassed us. It was a military attack. And then I saw those horses. And I was there, I said, Oh my god, how many people did I lead to their death today?
John Lewis: So they came toward us, pushing and trampling us with the horses and beating, and then they released the tear gas. And I was just there choking, choking, and I felt like it was the last demonstration. I was clubbed down and I suffered a concussion.
Jamie Wallace: Well, when we topped the bridge, I could see that there was a formidable line of troopers beyond, about a hundred yards beyond the bridge. Major John Cloud, who was head of the state troopers, told them they could not march beyond that point, to turn around and go back. And at some point, pushing and shoving started. And of course the troopers moved in and started a panic, because when you pushed against them with those billy clubs, people started falling, they started grasping at the clubs, and then they started using the clubs in a different sort of way. And then they started firing tear gas. And of course that really set off a panic.
Anything could have happened at that point. They had a collection of onlookers over there in the back of trucks and so forth watching what was happening, and we didn't know how many of those might get involved in it, which fortunately they didn't. There were very few times during the whole movement that I ever was afraid, but that was one day that I was physically afraid. Plus I was also very angry.
The national media was not here that day, but WSFA in Montgomery, I believe, ended up with the footage that you've seen shown thousands and thousands of times since then. It did make the national news that night, and of course immediately there was an outpouring of support from across the nation.
Jamie Wallace: Well let me describe that night. The leadership, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, had to do an excellent job that night to contain the people because they were so angry. [When] they re-grouped at Brown Chapel, the anger so welled up we really feared that there might be a spontaneous violence that night. But they did a really good job of talking the temperature down some. And it didn't happen.
John Lewis: All over the United States, the people saw what happened on television, they read about it in the newspaper, and there was demonstration after in Washington, every major city in America, and some of our embassies abroad. And Dr. King issued a call, issued an appeal for the religious leaders of America to come to Selma.
Hosea Williams: People came all the way from Hawaii and Canada. We grew from 700 to 7,000 in 48 hours. So we went on to a meeting place in Selma. What do we do right now?
C. T. Vivian: We had to act, and we were action people. But at the same time, [Federal Court] Judge Johnson had not acted [on whether a march to Montgomery would be permitted]. So how do we get a way out of this and yet be in it, so we can give more time for those other kinds of decisions to be made? Then if they did not make them, then we would go on and move. So the issue was to be able to go across that bridge and do what we needed to do, and to force the hand of the federal government to have to act. After all, it was only right and decent to give Johnson that chance to do the right thing.
F. D. Reese: So in order to try to pacify all these folk coming down to march, we would organize a march and we would march to the point of confrontation across the bridge, and then we'll march back to the church. So all that was done [on March 9] to try to give the court and Montgomery Judge Johnson an opportunity to make a decision on whether or not we had the right [to march to Montgomery]. So we got that ruling [on March 19] and it was on the 21st that we then proceeded on that march.
Hosea Williams: We were mobilizing fast—we had had marches before but never a march of that magnitude. We began organizing staff plus volunteer supporters in the various departments: food, medical department, program, mobilization, legal redress (had more lawyers than we ever needed), housing (these huge tents), transportation (taking people back to Montgomery or back to Selma), celebrity, communication department. We had it planned out, we knew exactly what time we'd leave that morning, we knew exactly where we'd stop for the ten o'clock break, we knew exactly where we'd stop for lunch, we knew exactly where we'd stop in the afternoon and what time.
John Lewis: I think the day we left Selma was on a Sunday afternoon, March 21st. It was like the beginning of a holy crusade. You know, President Johnson called out the military to protect the marchers along the way, and as we walked that next day, you saw the men of the Army, in their fatigues, guarding the way with their guns drawn. They stayed with us all the way from Selma [to Montgomery].
C. T. Vivian: I join everybody as we go across the bridge. By the time I get to the top of the bridge where you can see everything, that long line, so wide and big and beautiful. It's way, way, way down there. And you could see it, and boy it was beautiful. I mean it's—hey, it's one of the most—just festive, joyful, celebration, to use the great religious term. It was celebration. And a great time.
Albert Turner: It was my responsibility to be very sure that there were no incidents. We had to work very hard, without it being known, without it being obvious, to keep incidents from happening. So don't think that we just walked out on the streets and waved some magic wand and everybody was nonviolent. That's a joke. But we had a system that kept violence down.
John Lewis: The night before the final day, we reached [the City of] St. Jude [Hospital complex in Montgomery]. And at night, several entertainers from all around the country, like Peter, Paul and Mary, Harry Belafonte, Sammy Davis, Jr., Johnny Mathis came and performed for the marchers and for all of the people that were gathering.
People started gathering that night and hundreds and thousands of people started coming in from all over the country. And by the next morning [March 25], when we finally got ready and line up, there were major civil rights leaders, religious leaders representing every conceivable denomination or religious group.
F. D. Reese: The next morning we grouped and lined up and marched onto the capitol. This is history, you know what I mean?
Amelia Boynton: They had gotten about a mile I guess from Saint Jude. Then I stood on the side, and I said to myself, "I'm going to get on this march somewhere." And Dr. King happened to see me. And he said, "Come on in, Mrs. Boynton." Well I had the chance to get on the front line. After everything was over, we formed a committee to take the grievance to the governor, who wasn't even to be seen.
Hosea Williams: And we had organized to the best of our ability. I can't think of another time in the civil rights movement when the staff was so committed and worked so hard, and there was no playing around. I never will forget when the program ended and I guess about 45 minutes I walked out on those grounds and I was really crying and everybody had gone. And just a lot of people and just the wind blowing. It just looked like—it was really a miracle. . . . (inaudible) it was like a miracle.
Then I went back inside the [Dexter Avenue Baptist] church [in Montgomery]. The girl came out screaming, saying I had a telephone call. And Mrs. Liuzzo, who had been down there about three or four days, they killed her. And so that threw us back in gear.
But I don't think anything has happened in America that shook the conscience of this nation. I don't think there's anything that's ever happened in the history of America that has more awakened America and developed as much support [as] that Selma to Montgomery march.
Questions for Reading 2
Reading 2 was compiled from the following oral history interviews, conducted for the National Park Service by Edwin Bearss, NPS Chief Historian, and others: Marie Foster, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail Oral History #512, 514-515 (September 5, 1991); John Lewis, #501-502 (July 11, 1990); F. D. Reese, #510-511 (September 4, [1991]; Amelia Boynton Robinson, #524-527 (September 10, 1991); Albert Turner, #507-509 (September 4, 1991); Reverend C. T. Vivian, #516-519 (September 6, 1991); Jamie Wallace, #504-506 (September 4, 1991); and Hosea Williams, #520-523 (September 6, 1991). Complete transcripts of these and many other interviews are available at http://www.nps.gov/hfc/av/semo/docs/ (accessed November 29, 2005). Edited video clips of additional interviews with these and many other participants can be found at http://www.nps.gov/archive/semo/freedom/.


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On a warm Saturday afternoon in August, 20 children jumped off a dock into a Minnesota lake and splashed each other with delight. On a very different day 4 1/2 years ago, many in this group suffered together through the devastating earthquake that hit their native Haiti.
The children, ages 3 to 13, formed friendships while living in a home for children near Port-au-Prince started by Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity. Now, most of those same children live in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area with their adoptive families.
Seventeen Catholic families have adopted more than 30 children from the Missionaries of Charity's home since 2005 (five children are still going through the process). The families have formed a community that not only fosters their children's friendships but has enabled them to support each other through the adoption process and in raising their children.
Many of the families met at the lake home of community members in Shoreview, Minnesota, for their informal semiannual gathering.
"Imagine being adopted and going to another country and having the opportunity to know that every single person you've known in your whole life lives within a half an hour from you," said Lee Stoerzinger, of Bayport, Minnesota, who with his wife, Maggie, adopted two children from the home in Haiti. "I have never heard of that — ever."
Dave and Carol Plamann, of Oak Grove, Minnesota, who have nine children, adopted two children from the sisters in 2005. Four years later, Carol visited the Port-au-Prince home where the sisters cared for malnourished and sick children. In their 10 homes in Haiti, the sisters have cared for more than 20,000 children. Those who were abandoned, the sisters matched with families for adoption. Carol got to know the children and the couple decided to adopt two more.
In January 2010, a devastating earthquake destroyed the Port-au-Prince children's home. Miraculously, no children, sisters or volunteers were injured, said Joyce Grabarkiewiecz, who, with her husband, Dale, is a longtime volunteer and who was at the home during the earthquake, caring for the children who are now in Minnesota.
"In the night, lying out there with all these babies about you, they were your support," said Joyce Grabarkiewiecz, who lives in Rochester, Minnesota. "I feel like a grandma to all of them."
Douglas and Jenifer Latawiec of Columbus, Minnesota, were inspired to adopt from Haiti before the earthquake. They received their daughter, now 5 — the first of three children from the Missionaries of Charity home they adopted — about two months after the earthquake. Their two sons, now 11 and 7, came years later.
Asked by the sisters to help find adoptive families for the other children at the home, Latawiec, Plamann and others spread the word in Minnesota. Families at several different parishes became interested in adopting from the sisters. "It really fell into place, almost miraculously," Jenifer Latawiec said.
The children who haven't yet arrived — two are expected this month and the others within the next two years — represent the last adoptions the Missionaries of Charity will do in Haiti because of recent changes in the country's adoption process that prevent the sisters from matching children with families, something they've done since they opened their homes to children in Haiti in the early 1980s.
After the earthquake, the U.S. government declared a "humanitarian parole" policy that expedited U.S. citizens' adoptions of Haitian children confirmed as orphans for a temporary period. Eight children came to Minnesota as a result of the policy.
After the humanitarian parole ended in April 2010, the Haitian adoption system resumed its agonizingly slow pace, and many of the families continued to wait two or three years for children. Since 2011, children have arrived to their adopted homes in Minnesota every three to four months.
"It was just ironic. ... The earthquake — out of this terrible event, these kids all found homes," Carol Plamann said. "I don't know how it all unfolded, but I remember thinking, 'Thank you, God,' because what a gift."
The children have arrived with different levels of trauma from the earthquake: abandonment, health problems and, in some cases, they were abused before coming to the Missionaries of Charity home. Without knowing much about their children's background, the adoptive parents have had to take a leap of faith in some cases.
"It's been the most amazing thing I've ever done — and the most challenging — and I wouldn't miss it for anything," she said. "It breaks my heart to think of what they went through and what they lost and to think of the road for them, to undo some of it. There's major, major trauma that especially the kids who have been through the earthquake have."
Coming to a new country is an ordeal that's made easier by meeting friends, Jenifer Latawiec said. "We'll never know how important that was to them unless they can say it later on. For them to know they're not alone ... it isn't a whole new thing if their friends are there."
The kids get to see each other several times a year when the whole community gathers. Smaller groups who belong to the same parish or baseball team gather more often. "We have to help each other or there's no way," Jenifer Latawiec said. "This would just fall apart."
Geraldine Stoerzinger, 11, wears a brightly colored swim cap to protect her braids while she swims in the lake. The best part of coming to Minnesota is swimming, she said, and she is eager to get back into the lake where several close friends from Haiti are playing. She is a long way from her native country, where she lived at the Missionaries of Charity home with 9-year-old Evan and the others. She said she is happy that Evan is now her adoptive brother.
"These kids were raised as a family in Haiti," Jenifer Latawiec said.
"They were like one big family, and the sisters said [they] would really want them all to go to one area where they can see each other, stay in touch with each other and continue that family in a way."
The children will experience the struggles of life, but they've been given opportunities they otherwise wouldn't have had, Plamann said.
Each one has a chance now, Grabarkiewiecz agreed. "I'm happy to see this many of these children all together here. I think that so much of this is just God's hand. I mean, we've got no control over it. It has to be God."
Susan Klemond writes from Minnesota.
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