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Friday, February 10, 2012 - Wank Party 2012 #2, Part 1
For our 2nd Wank Party of 2012 we brought together a wonderful cast, Paul Fresh,Roman Lysacek,Rudy Bodlak,Mirek Ceslar and Jozef Vavrich. Mirek Ceslar is seen lighting candles and inviting in the other guys, for a meditation class. Mirek sits on a platform, in front of the guys and tells them to sit on the floor. Then he begins to take them through some thoughts, talking to them as they sit in position. He adjusts their positions and then tells them to gently fondle each other's hands. Next he instructs the guys to caress each other on the arm, from the shoulder downwards. Jozef and Rudy do it first, to Roman and Paul, and then they return the favor, with Paul going further and caressing Rudy's chest and leg. Following each of Mirek's instructions closely the guys touch each other as directed. Then Jozef and Rudy move closer to the other two and rub their hair. Mirek is gradually getting the guys to go further each time. Jozef and Rudy begin to, ever so gently, kiss the shoulers and necks of Roman and Paul. Then they place their hands on Roman and Paul's cocks, under instruction, rubbing the groin. Paul and Roman then do the same to Rudy and Jozef, but they are instructed to go further and kiss the guys. Their lips gently kissing each other as the hands are feeling their cocks. Mirek goes down on the floor and begins to get involved as well. Cocks are beginning to swell and soon Mirek tells Jozef and Rudy to suck cock. So Jozef begins to suck on Roman's large dick with Rudy doing the same to Paul. Mirek takes his cock out too and wanks himself as he watches the others. As Jozef continues to work on Roman Rudy moves to kneel between the standing Paul and Mirek, and takes turns sucking on each of them. It seems that all thought of meditation has left the guys as things speed up with Paul and Mirek really shoving their dicks into Rudy's mouth. Then everyone moves and suck more, with Paul sucking Jozef, who in turn is sucking Rudy, while he sucks Mirek. Roman is standing next to Mirek, being wanked and kissed by him. All their cocks are rock hard and the sucking continues unabated. Mirek moves things along, by removing his shorts and the others follow suit. This leads to a change of position, with Jozef on his back, legs up so that Rudy can play with his ass while Paul starts to suck Mirek. Rudy is soon fucking his rock hard cock deep into Jozef's ass as Jozef reaches to wank Roman at the same time. As Rudy continues to fuck Jozef's tight ass he also sucks Paul's big dick. Roman is also tasting cock, that of Mirek, rubbing his lips along its length. Paul is watching closely as Rudy's dick slams into Jozef as and he goes down on Jozef's hard cock to bring the first part to an end, with the promise of much more to come in Part 2.
... more about Wank Party 2012 #2, Part 1 further in this newsletter
Our Coming Soon Set Preview
Handsome newcomer Tomek Sirnad was keen to get into some guy-guy action so we paired him with Honza Forst for a Raunchy Sex Duo. We first see Tomek tied, gagged and naked hanging in a neet, which is swinging back and forth. Honza arrives and slaps Tomek a couple of times, as he inspects his bindings. Then he starts to feel himself and undoes his pants to release his cock. He plays with his cock and then takes it and puts it between Tomek's feet and starts a fucking motion, to get himself hard. Then as he wanks himself Honza bends and gropes at Tomek's cock too. He makes Tomek's cock hard and sits on the floor to suck it, as it pokes through the fish net. Tomek's cock is rock hard as it is sucked and then Honza starts to lap at the ass hole too, with Tomek panting heavily as he feels the tongue on his hole. Honza is rock hard too and stands up, releasing Tomek's mouth and pushes his cock into it for sucking. Tomek's own cock is throbbingly hard as he suck on Honza's dick, and as Honza fucks his face. Honza really works his cock into Tomek's eager mouth. Tomek's lips close tight around the cock and he sucks deep and hard. He loves the hard cock in his mouth, but Honza wants more and he positions Tomek so he can fuck his ass. His cock plows into that hole, stretching it wide, with Honza wanking on Tomek's hard cock as the same time. Honza's dick really works that ass, fucking it hard, and Tomek maintains a huge erection all the time, with Honza wanking him. Honza then pulls out and moves around so that he can fuck Tomek's face some more, before repositioning him to fuck him again. Tomek bends over the fish net with his ass exposed, and Honza shoves his cock deep in the hole and fucks it. His cock really slams into Tomek's hole and he loves it, taking it all as his own dick sticks out through the netting. Honza moves into a final fuck position, and rams his dick deep into that ass, then he moves up to Tomek's face and shoot a nice big load. Tomek then laps at the spent cock to taste the final drops of Honza's cum. What a great scene this is, with both guys on top form and Tomek really showing us how good he is at taking cock.
The Latest Updates Trailer
Message from Bill: I forgot to tell my Soul Train story last week. The creator of Soul Train recently passed away. Way back when the show was just getting started, they had a Soul Train dance academy in LA. Those were my early days of filmmaking. I've never been able to dance. I'm not a wallflower, I just have 'two left feet.' I got up the nerve to go to their dance academy. That took a lot of nerve. Fortunately, you could pay by the lesson and didn't have to sign up for a course. Before class I told the girl who was instructing, 'I don't know whether I should even try because I really can't dance.' She said, 'Listen honey, we can teach anyone how to dance.' I spent one of the most miserable hours of my life. After she dismissed the class, she came over to me and said, 'well, Bill, I think you really would be wasting your time by attending any more dance lessons.' This is the first time I've ever told that story.
The recovery: I'm feeling a little bet better every day. Not greatly better, just a little bit better. Yesterday, The Dutchman called me. He said, 'it must really be boring.' I told him, 'actually not so much so because I can now sit at my big computer desk almost all day. When I was confined to bed, that was a real killer.'
The 27th is my appointment to have the wires removed. Freedom day. I'm sure after the wires are gone, the recovery will be quite rapid. With those wires, my movements are very restricted. I can hobble around the apartment quite well on the crutches. Doing 'heel walking' I can ever hobble a few feet without crutches. However, I must be extremely careful not to stub my toes or trip. Trust me I am.
Also, I couldn't have chosen a better time to be cabin bound. There's snow on the ground. At this moment it's -11 Centigrade. It's predicted the temperature in Prague could drop as low as -40 over the weekend. I'd rather be out of commission and snowbound, than just snowbound.
Today I posted my second teaser of the February Wank Party. Tomorrow, I'll start on Franky's Backstage coverage of the Party.
Hi Everybody, Geoff here again today, still substituting while Bill recovers from his op. He has given an update, above, so I will get right on with today's newsletter, except to say the temperature in Prague tonight is expected to go to minus 25c, so I hope Bill keeps warm.
Our sets today are all very good indeed. First up is Part 1 of Wank Party 2012 #2, which is a lot of fun. Then we have Tomek Sirnad in an erotic video, Honza Solar also in an erotic video, Tomas Burkon in his session stills and a lovely backstage video of Rudy Bodlak's Screentest, with Paul Fresh.
Our castings today are: Jaro Knedlik, Jakub Vancl and Richard Vozab. All three have their merits but I think I will go for Jaro Knedlik as my pick.
MESSAGE ABOUT LINKS TO THE OLD WH WEBSITE - WILLIAMHIGGINS.com ARCHIVES:
Please be aware that the link www.williamhiggins.com takes you to this brand new website now. If you bookmarked our old website in the past and you want to keep the bookmark as a shortest way to access the old WH website you need to change the link in the bookmark to:
You do not need to remember this link, you can conveniently get to the old WH Website - WilliamHiggins.com Archives anytime you need through the "WH 2001-2010" in the top menu of the new WilliamHiggins.com website.
Today's Weather in Prague
We have launched our all new Kink only site with no solos. It's not for the feint hearted. Do take a look (if you dare):
At present, Members of CzechGuysNextDoor will be able to access the new site with their user information. If you have problems, write firstname.lastname@example.com
Latest Sets At Our NEW STR8HELL.com Website
Open Set "Roman Lysacek - TICKLING"
Open Set "Dmitry vs Pavel - WRESTLING"
Members of CzechGuysnextDoor.com - to log in the member's section of the new STR8HELL website use your present username and password, if you forgot your password or encounter a log in problem please feel free to contact us at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Non-members - you are welcome to browse our complete content - each regular set contains free video preview and free photos, if you decide not to become a member of our website you can also buy sets separately (we huge, well organized and easy to search library of models - there is always few models you may like) you can pay only for what you really want see ;-). You are always welcome to come back.
All members of www.CzechGuysNextDoor.com get a free access to STR8HELL.com till the end of November 2011!
Please use your present CzechGuysNextDoor username and password to log into the members area.
We have terminated updates to CzechGuysNextDoor.com website. CzechGuysNextDoor.com website will stay online, but now only as an archive of all CzechGuysNextdoor.com sets. Anyone who wants to access CzechGuysNextDoor.com Archives needs to have a STR8HELL.com membership. STR8HELL.com will continue with most of the czechguysnextdoor.com projects. Anyone who joins STR8HELL.com will gain access to two websites STR8HELL.com and CzechGuyNextDoor.com Archives which contain 2500+ sets. STR8HELL.com has exactly same features and controls as NEW WilliamHiggins.com website.
Direct access to CzechGuysNextDoor.com website is now through the link: archive.czechguysnextdoor.com or through "Archive Sets 2004-2011" links on the new STR8HELL website.
Thank you for your loyalty to CzechGuysNextDoor.com website,
William Higgins
BurnDVD.tv Website Latest Updates
Starting today you can download our videos in Full HD quality 1920x1080px!
Please remember that most of the videos available on BurnDVD are easily able to be downloaded with a single link, but some of the very large files, such as the newsletter DVDs have to be split into three separate links, as detailed below.
The videos with very large file sizes are now split into more than one part, using a program called HJSplit. If you wish to buy one of these larger videos to Burn to DVD, you will receive a link for file and then it is a simple process to join the downloaded files together to make the .iso file for Burning to DVD.
You can see all the available videos at www.burndvd.tv
Before downloading any videos to burn to DVD I advise you to read the BURNDVD Manual, which explains how you can burn the file to DVD. The file is an ISO file which contains all the required DVD files. The process for burning to DVD is fully explained.
The BurnDVD manual is easy to follow, with a step by step guide. Burning a DVD is easy to do, though it is helpful if you have previously burned DVDs or CDs.
The manual can be viewed here: BURNDVD Manual
Anyone who has any problems understanding the manual, or burning their download to DVD, or indeed any questions about this service please email firstname.lastname@example.com . Geoff will be happy to assist you.
You can view all the available downloads at www.burndvd.tv, by clicking the on the categories. A direct link to the latest files available will be published in each newsletter.
Our Latest Sets at www.BurnDVD.tv
Today we have Wank Party 2012 #2 part 1 and Ruslan Tarovsky & Pavel Sokolik Nude Wrestling and Tomek Sirnad's Erotic Video and Nude Submission Wrestling – Roman Lysacek and Roman Hucko.
The direct link to "Wank Party 2012 - No.2 - Part 1"
The direct link to "Dmitry vs. Pavel"
The direct link to "Tomek Sirnad"
The direct link to "Roman vs. Roman"
Special Offer for William Higgins Newsletter Readers
William Higgins Newsletter readers are able to obtain a discount on the price of BURNDVD downloads by using the coupons that we will be publishing in each Members Newsletter. The coupon published in each newsletter will be valid for a period of 7 days.
Copy today's coupon code here: jf923kr
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Hotels near John McLaren Park
Search hotels near John McLaren Park in San Francisco
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San Francisco travel guides
48 hours in San Francisco - fit the Bridge, the Bay and the burritos into one weekend
While the Bay Area region includes an enormous area of land and several cities, San Francisco itself...
Gay San Francisco Travel Guide
San Francisco's historic Castro neighbourhood was hotbed to much of America's gay rights movement in...
San Francisco Shopping Guide - where and what to shop and buy
Whatever your shopping desires, San Francisco has it covered. With its range of vast, glitzy malls -...

subset: commoncrawl


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Tue Jul 08, 2014 5:22 pm
Man I don't know.
Fallout 4
Fri Jun 27, 2014 3:10 pm
Pete Davison
JRPGs, visual novels, adventures
Sword Art Online: Re:Hollow Fragment, The Fruit of Grisaia, Hyperdimension Neptunia U, Final Fantasy XIV
RedSwirl wrote:Let me finally go ahead and see if I can get regular links to work.
[url="http://squadronofshame.com/viewforum.php?f=6&sid=dabe9ff31a1ac6a276e89783de30221d"]Regular link.[/url]
[url=http://squadronofshame.com/viewforum.php?f=6&sid=dabe9ff31a1ac6a276e89783de30221d]Regular link.[/url]
Site Admin
Fri Jun 27, 2014 2:18 pm
Chris Whittington
Western CRPGs, Co-op shootin' stuff, skateboarding games (RIP), the occasional sports game, adventurin', and puzzle solving.
The Witcher 3, Life is Strange, and I can't fully quit Destiny.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest


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This story has been updated.
Proposed legislation to more carefully monitor all federal programs to avoid duplication will come with a $100 million price tag, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
The Taxpayers Right to Know Act (H.R. 3609), which Rep. James Lankford, R-Okla., sponsored, requires agency heads to track and post the administrative expenses, expenditures, number of beneficiaries and number of employees -- both federal employees and contractors -- it takes every program and service under their purview. They would be required to publish reports each fiscal year and would have to identify overlapping programs.
The costs of the bill, which passed the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee in April, will not be offset by any revenues, CBO found.
Lankford said the bill will be paid for by the time it passes into law.
"As we move through the legislative process, we will develop offsets…to ensure the bill is revenue neutral when it moves to the floor," he said. "Regardless of CBO's score, the bill will ultimately save taxpayers billions of dollars by eliminating waste and duplication by requiring each federal agency to send Congress information about each program they administer."
A spokeswoman for Sen. Tom Coburn, R-Okla. -- who sponsored the Senate version of the bill -- said there are minor differences between the two proposals in the definitions of what must be reported. Coburn's office has been working with the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee to finalize these definitions and expects to bring the bill to the full panel for a markup "in the near future," the spokeswoman said.
"This bill provides Congress with the tools to see . . . waste and act on it," Lankford said in a statement in April. "Currently, it is impossible to navigate federal agencies when there is no list of programs, defined metrics or clear cost. The Taxpayers' Right to Know Act simplifies the process by establishing reporting requirements to identify inefficiencies."
The bill was proposed in part to confront redundancy in government, as spelled out by a 2011 Government Accountability Office report that found the elimination of overlap "could result in tens of billions of dollars in annual savings." GAO conducted the study due to a provision Coburn attached to a 2010 bill to raise the debt ceiling.
The price tag for a proposal to root out program duplication: $100 million
By using this service you agree not to post material that is obscene, harassing, defamatory, or otherwise objectionable. Although GovExec.com does not monitor comments posted to this site (and has no obligation to), it reserves the right to delete, edit, or move any material that it deems to be in violation of this rule.


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What We're Giving: Our Editors Reveal Their Holiday Gift Ideas
Go ahead, take a peek at what we're giving—a wealth of awesome present ideas await you!
Neat Flask ($27)
"I'm going retro this holiday season with these cool flasks from Izola. For my connoisseur BFFs, the one labeled "NEAT" gives a dual nod to their awesomeness and the best way to enjoy our favorite bourbon."—Danielle Nussbaum, Entertainment Director, Clique Media
Ultra Mini Clear Swarovski Crystal V-Ring ($150)
"This year, I'm giving lots of Vita Fede's Ultra Mini V Crystal Rings ($150). They're totally darling, can be worn regularly or as a first knuckle ring, and everyone goes crazy for them, especially in rose gold."—Hillary Kerr, Co-Founder & Co-CEO, Clique Media
Oh Wow Note Card Set ($22)
"I'll be giving these terrapin station note cards that are sold at Wittmore. The joke is that the sayings on the cards are what the owner of the store always uses as expressions. I love the "Oh Wow" set because it's flexible. It can mean congratulations, happy birthday, or thank you. Who's getting them? Friends who still love writing a letter and popping it in the mail!"—Laurie Trott, Fashion Director, Who What Wear
Subscription ($130)
"My parents love wine and love to cook so I am getting them a subscription to Sunset Wine Club. Each month, they will receive two bottles of wine—one red, one white—and two gourmet recipes to pair with each wine. It's the gift that keeps on giving all year long..."—Alex Taylor, Director of Content & Social Strategy, Clique Media
Luxe Faux Fur Hot Water Bottle ($25)
"I'm giving this furry hot water bottle cover to my mom. It gets cold where she lives, and I know she'll appreciate this luxurious way to warm her toes!"—Kat Collings, Associate Editor, Who What Wear
Shot Glasses With Case ($115) in Pale Gold
"My little sister just turned 21, so I'm being a bad influence and getting her these outrageously awesome shot glasses."—Nicky Deam, Market Editor, Who What Wear
Classic Slim Lighter Case ($50)
"My best friend loves to light candles every night, but always has to stash away the ugly lighter. I'm going to give her this case so she can display it proudly."—Peter Dolkas, Market Editor, Domaine Home
Hamilton Collection Passport Cover ($150)
"My boyfriend lives in England (crazy, I know), so I want him to have something classic yet stylish to carry his passport in."—Nicole Kliest, Senior Editor, Who What Wear
The A.O.C. Cookbook ($22) by Suzanne Goin
"My boyfriend is a total foodie (and a pro in the kitchen!), so when you think about it, this is a gift we both can enjoy."—Jessica Baker, Managing Editor, Who What Wear
Constantine I Necklace ($150)
"I'm all about friendship jewelry, I'm buying my BFF this dainty little necklace so we can match over 1,500 miles away!"—Michelle Scanga, Fashion Assistant, Who What Wear
Labbra Candle ($165)
"For my best girlfriend: a Fornasetti Labra Candle. The woodsy mix of thyme and lavender makes for a sophisticated seasonal scent, and the jar will look great as a container for pencils or brushes after it has melted."—Mat Sanders, Editorial Director, Domaine Home
DCC 14.0 Digital Camera ($200)
"Adult toys are perfect for the guy who has everything. The whole camera is smaller than a credit card and takes pictures large enough to blow up wall size."—Brett Ramey, Art Director, Clique Media
"My friends are getting vintage Playboys!! Even online editors love print magazines and the writing in old Playboys—especially the '60s and '70s—is amazing. Essays by Helen Gurley Brown, Roald Dahl, Jack Kerouac, and even Ian Fleming accompany the not-quite-intellectual photographs. Also, it's a great conversation starter to leave on the coffee table."—Britt Aboutaleb, Editorial Director, Byrdie
Black Absinthe Candle ($110)
"My brother just started law school in Wyoming, and he's still adjusting to the frigid weather. To make his new space feel cozy, I'll be gifting him one of my all-time favorite candles: Belstaff's Black Absinthe Candle. It's warm, complex, and perfect for a bachelor pad."—Lexy Lebsack, Editor, Byrdie


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PersonalutbildningRSS för kalender Prenumerera på kalender
Observera att kalendern just nu visas filtrerad, men kalenderprenumerationen kommer vara ofiltrerad.
Följ dessa instruktioner för att lägga in prenumerationen i Outlook i Windows:
- Kopiera kalenderlänken.
- Gå till kalendervyn i Outlook.
- Högerklicka på Mina kalendrar (eller Andra kalendrar), välj Lägg till kalender, välj Från Internet.
- I dialogrutan som öppnas klistrar du in kalenderlänken.
- Svara ja på frågan om du vill lägga till Internetkalendern i Outlook och prenumerera på uppdateringar.
Kalendern finns nu med i din kalenderlista i Outlook. Du kan välja om kalenderposterna ska visas genom att klicka i bocken bredvid kalenderns namn.
För Safari på Mac, läs dessa instruktioner.
I andra kalenderprogram, kopiera länken och lägg till den på det sätt som används där.
Accumulative Charge Separation in Photocatalysis: From Molecules to Nanoparticles
Photochemical energy conversion into solar fuel involves steps of light absorption, charge separation and catalysis. Nature has taught us that the effective accumulation of redox equivalents and charge separation are the key steps in sunlight conversion. The focus of this thesis is to unveil photophysical and photochemical processes that lead to accumulative charge separation.
Disputation: Accumulative Charge Separation in Photocatalysis: From Molecules to Nanoparticles
Karl Ekendahl – Disputation
The Good, the Bad, and the Dead: An Essay on Well-Being and Death
This book examines some central arguments in the debate about the value of death.
Key Features for Successful Swedish Primary Diabetes Care – Reality or Fiction?: Nationwide studies of longitudinal follow-up, HbA1c levels and all-cause mortality in an organizational context
This thesis adds to previous work on significant but less pronounced key features for successful organization of primary diabetes care, and indicates that the complexity of diabetes disease makes it difficult to identify success factors applicable to all people living with T2DM.
Evolutionary genomics in Corvids: – From single nucleotides to structural variants
In this thesis I aim to comprehensively characterize and quantify genetic variation in a natural system, the songbird genus Corvus.
Disputation Jingyi Liu
Biologi: Mikrobiologi
Characterization of secreted Giardia intestinalis cysteine proteases
Characterization of secreted Giardia intestinalis cysteine proteases
In this thesis, we used proteomics to identify the major excretory-secretory products (ESPs) released by Giardia trophozoites of the WB and GS isolates during interaction with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro (Paper I).
Considering a baby? Responsible screening for the future
Considering a Baby? Responsible Screening for the Future: Ethical and social implications for implementation and use of preconception expanded carrier screening in Sweden
Glioneuronal tumours in childhood: Clinical picture, long-term outcome and possible new treatments
The overall aim was to gather data about pre- and postsurgical factors of importance and long-term outcomes to improve standards of care. Another aim was to explore the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes and mTOR pathway markers.
Disputation: Computational Studies of 2D Materials: Application to Energy Storage and Electron Transport in Nanoscale Devices
The field of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provides a new platform for studying diverse physical phenomena that are scientifically interesting and relevant for technological applications. Novel applications in electronics and energy storage harness the unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials for design of crucial components.
Disputation Hanna Hofverberg
Crafting Sustainable Development: Studies of Teaching and Learning Craft in Environmental and Sustainability Education
The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute with new and deepened knowledge about the teaching and learning of craft when the crafting activity is considered as environmental and sustainability education (ESE).
The Epistemology of Rhetoric: Plato, Doxa and Post-Truth
This thesis aims to develop an epistemology of rhetoric in light of the apparent contemporary post-truth condition of society. Epistemology is hereby understood as concerned with principles for knowledge production within the academic discipline of rhetoric, as well as with an understanding of knowledge production in the public realm.
Erik Bengtson – Disputation
Disputation Alberto Pietrini
Statistical processing of Flash X-ray Imaging of protein complexes
Disputation, Olga Titova, Funktionell farmakologi
Titel: "Metabolic health and cognitive function: the roles of lifestyle and shift work"
Metabolic Health and Cognitive Function: The Roles of Lifestyle and Shift Work
The aim of this thesis was to investigate associations of diet, sleep, and shift work with metabolic health or cognitive performance in two Swedish cohorts.
Disputation Josefine Liljeruhm
Disputation inom Molekylärbiologi
Exotic Ribosomal Enzymology
This thesis clarifies intriguing enzymology of the ribosome, the multiRNA/multiprotein complex that catalyzes protein synthesis (translation).
Novel roles of ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase in vesicular trafficking
Altogether, this thesis contributes to our understanding of ErbB3 cellular functions and modes of regulation, unveiling new roles of this RTK in vesicular trafficking and exosome release, and proposing Ack1 as a novel modulator of its function.
Constructing the Suburb: Swedish Discourses of Spatial Stigmatisation
By exploring representations of place, this thesis treats practices of spatial stigmatisation in the context of segregated Swedish cities. In three papers, different aspects of stigmatisation and place-making are discussed and analysed, where the overarching ambition is to identify and critically deconstruct the ideology behind stigma as well as suggest ways of making representation positive.
Low-Coordinate Organopnictogens: Synthesis and Optoelectronic properties
This thesis work is based on the development of novel organopnictogen compounds and the exploration of their potential applications in organic electronics. In particular, incorporation of phosphorus and arsenic into π-conjugated systems is known to modify the optoelectronic properties.
Disputation Junxin Wang
Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour
Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process.
Essays on Risk Attitudes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Risk-taking is an important topic in Africa, as access to financial institutions and social security is scarce. Data on risk attitudes in Africa is limited and the available data collected might not be reliable.
Metabolic and endocrine effects of SGLT2 inhibition
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two growing global health problems with similar comorbidity profiles. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve blood glucose control and can relieve both T2D and obesity, as well as their associated health problems such as hypertension, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease.
Molecular Approaches to Explore Drug-Target Interactions
Improved means to assess the clinical potential of drug candidates can critically influence development of new therapeutic entities, a central aim in medical life science. Drug discovery and development relies on construction and selection of small organic compounds or biological agents that bind targets of interest. This thesis includes new methodology to investigate target engagement.
Angle dependent light scattering of functional nanoparticle composites
In this thesis, we mainly focus on developing approaches for the inversion of scattering and absorption coefficients from optically measured transmittance and reflectance spectra.
A typology of classifiers and gender: From description to computation
Disputation Per Fors
Disputation Per Fors, avd Industriell teknik, "Problemazing Sustainable ICT". Opponent: Professor Saara Taalas, Linnéuniversitetet.
Disputation Sabina Huc
Disputation Sabina Huc, "Moisture induced strains and stresses in Wood". Opponent Professor Sigurdur Ormarsson, Linnéuniversitetet.
Alexander Stagnell – Disputation
Petter Hellström – Disputation
(OBS! En lördag)
Coercion and its Effects: Evidence from the Israel-Palestine Conflict
This dissertation studies the efficacy and effects of coercive policies in the context of the Israel-Palestine conflict. The four composite essays investigate the impact of Israel's practice of house demolition and construction of a separation barrier on Palestinians' conflict preferences and use of violence, as well as the broader consequences of these policies for Palestinian communities.
Disputation: Frida Rångtell
If only I could sleep – maybe, I could remember


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Talk:Webelos & Arrow of Light Adventures Worksheets
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Revision as of 18:27, March 7, 2008 by Milominderbinder2 (Talk | contribs)
New Worksheets
The new Webelos Activity Badge Worksheets are designed to give Webelos the same powerful resources for their Badges (pins) as Boy Scout have with the Merit Badge Worksheets. All worksheets only use the true BSA wording. Please email any corrections or suggestions to: Craig
The worksheets also provide expanded line spacing to allow enough room for younger Scouts to write. Milominderbinder2 18:14, March 7, 2008 (EST)


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ARCHITECTURE in Virginia started with 'two faire rows' of houses built between 1611 and 1615 at Jamestown and three 'streets' at the city of Henrico, for the first settlers built merely shacks or huts.
According to Ralph Hamer, secretary of the colony at the time, the Jamestown houses were 'all of framed Timber, two stories and an upper Garrett, or Corne loft, high.' More particular description there is none; but mention is made of 'three large and substantial Store Howses joyned togeather of the defenses, 'newly and strongly impaled,' and of 'some very pleasant and beautiful howses . . . without the towns.'
We have a hint of the outward aspect of Virginia's two most considerable communities when the colony was less than ten years old and learn, incidentally, that already the Virginians were building 'pleasantly and beautifully' in the open country. So they have preferred to do ever since.
Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates seem to have been responsible for this construction. Gates brought with him from England not only smiths and carpenters but also bricklayers and brickmakers. Though the brick church at Jamestown, of which only the ruined tower now survives, was not begun until 039, it is possible that a brick church was built at Henrico.as some reports have it.before the Indian massacre of 1622. If so, nothing is left of it. The Indian onslaught completely wiped out the settlement below the falls of the James and narrowly missed extinguishing the colony.
The log cabin was unknown in Virginia, as in England, at this date, and for many years afterwards. The roofed pen of logs was a contrivance of Scandinavian origin and did not establish itself on this continent until the Swedes brought it over to Delaware. Once it was introduced, diffusion of the type was inevitable, peculiarly adapted as it was to rough.and.ready shelter in a rude country of forests.
In any case, the earliest Virginia construction for lodging purposes that can be dignified with the name is the frame house of the rows at Jamestown. The most familiar aspect of Virginia villages, even today, is such rows of frame houses. No Virginia frame house of the first half of the seventeenth century has survived, and very few are left that can be authenticated as belonging to the latter half. But the fashion of building these houses, adapted from contemporary English models, persisted all through the eighteenth and well into the nineteenth century.
The prototype essentially was the English timber cottage, with wooden weatherboarding applied to the frame over all, although in the old country the common practice was to let plaster or other filling serve as outer covering. Since the older surviving frame houses in Virginia are filled in with plaster or brick nogging and the weatherboard is an added protection (as the name itself implies), it is reasonable to suppose that the first Virginia builders, having an abundance of wood, which was very scarce in England, used this method in the beginning, and that the frame house, covered only with boards, was a later development.
The typical form of the Virginia frame house, examples of which are still scattered over the Tidewater and Piedmont sections, is a house one room deep and two rooms wide, or two rooms and a passage wide. This house has a gable roof of steep pitch, which nowadays usually has dormers to light the upper half.story. But in the primitive form, the dormers were probably lacking. The roof may still (perhaps under a modern sheathing of tin) be covered with shingles, which presently usurped the place of the thatch commonly used in England.
If the house has two rooms, separated by a 'passage'- passage is the correct word and 'hall' a pretentious intrusion, involving the misuse of a word correct in its proper place.we find, as a rule, massive chimneys at each end with the chimney stacks standing free of the building above the half.story fireplace. As the family increased, another unit of the same pattern was often set L.fashion at the back with another outside chimney. Or the original unit was extended lengthwise beyond the chimney at one end or both, often with roofs of lower pitch on the additions, omitting the dormers, which by that time had become standard.
Much less often there are two stories under the steep roof, in which case lower dormered wings may extend from both ends. That, however, came later. It suggests the influence of the Georgian principle of symmetrical arrangement.a main block with flanking pavilions.which reached the colony early in the eighteenth century. This is characteristically expressed in the brick houses of that century, such as Westover (1730).
Not essentially different in design from the typical frame house and still Gothic is the simplest type of seventeenth.century brick house. This is illustrated in a number of houses still, or until recently, extant. The Thoroughgood House in Princess Anne County and Winona in Northampton county, both probably built before 1650, follow the one.room deep plan with steep gabled roof and dormers (added later to the Thoroughgood House). More elaborate were Bacon's Castle or Allen's Brick House in Surry County and Fairfield, the Burwell seat in Gloucester County, the latter fortunately photographed before its destruction in 1900. Each presents an unmistakable Tudor aspect, with clustered chimney stacks; and the first has curved and stepped gables on the main section and a closed porch on one long side and a stair tower on the other.
Nothing is left today but the foundations of the colony's manor house, Green Spring, where Sir William Berkeley maintained a gaol.still standing.for political offenders and common malefactors alike. Before it was pulled down after the Revolution sketches of the house were made by William Ludwell Lee of the Stratford family. It is known, therefore, that Green Spring likewise revealed Tudor or Gothic elements, including a steeply pitched roof with dormers.
Both Green Spring and Bacon's Castle were certainly built before Bacon's Rebellion of 1676, for the hot.headed young Nathaniel Bacon, leader of the rebels, used the governor's country house as his headquarters for his siege of Jamestown, and Allen's Brick House sheltered some of his followers.
It is broadly true, as Fiske Kimball pointed out many years ago, that American Colonial architecture was chiefly dependent upon the architectural development in England. Our seventeenth.century expression in wood was primarily an adaptation to local materials and conditions, and it produced an unmistakable American type, both in Virginia and in New England. Variations in the type up and down the Atlantic Coast, creating a recognizable Virginia architecture and an equally recognizable New England architecture, were owing largely to differences in climatic conditions and habits of living.
The style of building that was brought over by the first settlers, both in Virginia and in New England, was already old.fashioned in the old country. The changes made in it over here, while the type held, did not reflect changes going on across the water. They were made in America to suit conditions in various regions, while the general way of building persisted in the heads of workmen transplanted from England along with the original model. Not until the eighteenth century was well into its second quarter were the English architects' books (rising in flood tide at home) brought to America where the new English fashion in architecture captured the imagination of the colonists.
These folios spread abroad the elegant Renaissance mode that began with Inigo Jones, before Charles I walked out of Jones's own White Hall to the scaffold. This mode received magnificent illustration in churches and public buildings at the hands of Christopher Wren, right on from the second Charles's time to that of the dull Hanoverian Georges. Curiously, however, it does not seem to have been in general use for gentlemen's private houses, even in England, until the reign of William and Mary, or thereabouts.
Most of Virginia's extant English Renaissance, or so.called Georgian, houses were built after 1720, and it is difficult not to assume that the way they were built was much affected by the public buildings in Williamsburg, which rose up under William and Mary, Anne, and the first George.
Middle Plantation (now Williamsburg) had taken the place of Jamestown as the capital of the colony only in 1699. It had been appointed as the site for the College of William and Mary in 1693. From a wayside village, boasting a church and a few houses, Middle Plantation, between the James and the York Rivers, had to be made over into a seat of government and of learning. The latest fashions in polite urban buildings were available for an entire setup. This elegant new mode was used and thus was handsomely advertised throughout His Britannic Majesty's Old Dominion.
Every person of condition in the colony attended upon the general court or the house of burgesses and saw what Governor Alexander Spotswood and his associates had wrought. Not until the Williamsburg public buildings were restored in the image of the originals was it possible for this generation to measure their influence in their own time and on the generation that saw them built. Without the restoration that influence might have gone almost unsuspected. With the restoration the evidence is in plain view. The Wren Building at the College of William and Mary and the reconstructed Governor's Palace and the capitol exhibit the special characteristics of English Renaissance architecture that became the hall mark of Virginia's Georgian style.
Westover, its builder a member of the council while Spotswood was governor, is obviously like the Governor's Palace, the construction of which had been begun in 1705 and completed under Spotswood's supervision. Colonel William Byrd's seat, to be sure, is larger.it is a country house, not a town lodging. It may well be that Byrd, an accomplished and traveled person, used as his principal guide in designing his mansion another architect's book and gathered hints, besides, from fashionable houses he had seen and admired in England. But the essential pattern is the same.
Built about the same time as Westover, Christ Church in Lancaster County, near Robert Carter's vanished seat Corotoman, employs an the characteristic Williamsburg elements. So does Colonel Thomas Lee's Stratford Hall (1727.30) in Westmoreland County, though a pair of quadruple chimneys, linked with arches into the semblance of towers, furnishes the dominant accent of the Lee house.
Ampthill, in Chesterfield County, was the seat of Archibald Cary, whose father and grandfather were both directly and practically concerned in the construction of the Williamsburg public buildings. It seems to have started life (completed in 1732) as a long house, a single room deep on each side of a passage after the seventeenth.century fashion. But as it stands, transplanted to the other side of the James, it has grown into the newer foursquare style, two rooms deep, with the passage sweeping through from back to front in the manner already noted as a Virginia specialty.one not borrowed from common practice in England, but climatically acquired.
Carter's Grove, in James City County, built in 1751 by Carter Burwell, resembled, before its roof was lifted a few years ago, Ampthill rather than Westover. It gave less effect of height than either Westover or any Williamsburg model a few miles away .including Brafferton Hall (17 23) and the President's House (173 2) at the college.
But the characteristic elements are there, and the basic pattern holds both for main house and dependencies, which in all these cases were lower flanking buildings, originally unconnected with the main mass but later usually joined on by what the Marylanders call 'hyphens.' The interior of the first floor was usually paneled to the ceiling with pine, painted white. Stratford, however, which has a true 'hall,' uses the paneling there only. Often, as at Carter's Grove and at Brandon, a Harrison seat on the James, the paneling is elaborated with pilasters in the classic order.
Rosewell, in Gloucester County, through the building of which two generations of Pages beggared themselves, is now a fire.gutted shell. It outdid the Governor's Palace, not only in ground extent and the number of stories, but in count of cupolas, for it had two. But it followed the palace fashion, in the manner of the brickwork.Flemish bond and random.glazed headers (neither used at Ampthill) with rubbed brick for trim .and in the orderly arrangment of dependencies.
At Rosewell, as in Christ Church and at Westover, stone and brick are combined in the decoration but used sparingly. Houses built wholly of stone are unusual, since the Tidewater lacked that material, and are of later date. Outstanding examples are Mount Airy in Richmond County, built by Colonel John Tayloe in 1758, and Prestwould in Mecklenburg, built by Sir William Skipwith about the same time.
As the typical Virginia plantation house of the eighteenth century sat in the midst of broad acres of plowed field, pasture, and woodland, remote from neighbors, so the typical Virginia church of that century was the crossroads church, set by itself in a field or a wood, at a point convenient to a group of plantations that covered a great stretch of country. The difference was that the 'big' house was revealed among gardens, lawns, and groves, and framed in outlying buildings.set in order to right and left, or flanking a curved forecourt, as at Mount Vernon, or defining a court at the back, as at Shirley on the James. But the sunlight, which dappled the mellow red brick walls and the gray shingled. roof with the shadows of the trees in the churchyard, fell only on the church and the tombstones, parading their coats of arms and the names and titles of dead parishioners. There was not even a rectory in sight. The rector of the parish was provided with a glebe.a lesser plantation.and with indentured servants and slaves.
The Brick Church in Isle of Wight County (named St.Luke's after the Revolution), probably the oldest extant church building in the original thirteen colonies, comprises a rude square tower at the west end and a nave with Gothic buttresses and brick.mullioned windows, including a great window lighting the chancel at the east end. It has suffered damage and restoration, but these features seem to have belonged to the original structure.7he tower at Jamestown.all that is left of the fifth church, begun in 1639.is likewise of brick and unmistakably Gothic.
St.Peter's, New Kent County, the main part of which was built in 1701o3, is a quadrangular, high.gabled block, with a square tower (174o) and crude corner finials, set on a Norman arched porch. Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg, called the 'Court' Church, was the first Virginia church to be built under the influence of the new fashions. It was erected in 17 1015 under Governor Spotswood's supervision. The handsome square tower, however, was not set in front of the original cruciform structure until a generation later.
Christ Church, Alexandria, where Washington had a pew and where the Mount Vernon coach, all green and gold with four horses, used to set down the general and his lady of a Sunday morning, was begun in 1767 and completed in 1772. It has a tower topped by Wrenish pepperpots that was added as late as 1818. St.John's, Richmond, where Patrick Henry cried out for liberty or death, is one of the few surviving wooden churches of the regular Anglican establishment. It goes back to 1741, or not long after Colonel Byrd founded the city at the falls of the James. St.John's tall wooden tower, also crowned with Wrenish pepperpots, did not exist when Patrick Henry poured out his burning eloquence upon the Virginia Convention in 1775. The characteristic Virginia church was the crossroads church.as it continues to be even today, to a very considerable extent.
Virginia's Colonial churches, of which about 50 survive, fall into six general groups: (i) those with small naves and huge towers (1630.1700); (2) middle.colonial type with rectangular plan and steeply pitched gabled roof (1690.I740); (3) T.shaped buildings with three sharp end.gables (1700.60); (4) regular cruciform type with gabled roof (1710.50); (5) Greek.cruciform type with all four transepts equal (1730.70); and (6) late.colonial Wren quadrangular type with hipped roof (1760.76).
Requirements of the interior chiefly determined the shape of the building, the main object being to have the communicants close to the pulpit. This problem was solved finally with the creation of the late, nearly square Wren block, when the pulpit was placed at the center against a side wall.
Among churches of each group are minor variations. Two buildings of the first period, St.Luke's and Jamestown, differ from their fellows by reason of their Gothic buttresses. The earliest of the second period, represented by Merchant's Hope in Prince George County, had a swag roof. Characteristics of this the largest group, of which Old Church in King and Queen County is also a representative, are compass windows and the door in the south wall near the east end. Churches of all groups except the first have galleries, and the groups af ter the second generally have pedimented doors of rubbed and carved brick. In a few instances the pediments are of stone. The oldest T.church, Yeocomico (I 7o6) in Westmoreland County, has irregularly spaced windows and, as originally, a swag roof. Among later representatives are Vauter's in Essex County, St.John's in King William, and Blandford in Petersburg. The regular cruciforms, except Bruton Parish Church, had no tower during the Colonial period, whether in rural or urban areas. St.John's in Hampton and Mattapony in King and Queen County belong to this group. Greek.cruciform. buildings, with a door in north, west, and south ends and all.round cornice, divide themselves into two subtypes.(a) those with gabled roof and single tier of windows, such as North Farnham in Richmond County and Abingdon in Gloucester, and (b) those with hipped roof and two tiers of windows, represented by Aquia Church in Stafford County and St.Paul's in King George. Aquia Church (1757), with quoining of stone, differs from others of its type because of the tower above its front transept. Here again is an instance of a tower in a strictly rural section. The late Wren blocks with hipped roofs fall into two subgroups.(a) with single tier of tall compass windows, represented by Lamb's Creek in King George County and Payne's Church (now destroyed) in Fairfax, and (b) with two tiers, square.headed below and round.arched above, as shown in Pohick in Fairfax County. This type, except in the case of Christ Church in Alexandria, has a door at the center of the south wall, with the main entrance at the west end. Every Colonial church stands due east and west.
Even before the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown ended for practical purposes the War for Independence, Thomas Jefferson had started to make over the architecture of Virginia. He did not like what is known as 'Georgian' architecture. He was bored by it, as was Sir Christopher Wren in his time by the Gothic. When the master of Monticello followed Patrick Henry as governor, he drew a plan (which was never executed) for remodeling the Governor's Palace in Williamsburg in the semblance of a classic temple with a portico. The new capitol in Richmond he modeled after the Roman temple at Nimes known as the Maison Carree. And the style of architecture called Early Republican, distinguished to the common eye by tall columns and pedimented porticos, though it derives through the sixteenth.century Italian Palladio from its original Greco-Roman sources, is principally, as an American expression, the child of Jefferson's ardent fancy.
The architects, professional and amateur, native and foreign, whom he proselyted and with whom he collaborated, included Stephen Hallet ('The first approved professional among us'), Benjamin Latrobe, Charles Bulfinch, William Thornton.all of whom worked on the Capitol in Washington.and Robert Mills, who had two years under the master's own eye as student and draftsman at Monticello. All these spread the new gospel over the country in the form of buildings in classic style. In Virginia, it was Jefferson who built all the houses with stately porticos that crown the river bluffs and the hilltops from the Chesapeake to the Blue Ridge Mountains and beyond. Even if somebody else drew the plans, still Jefferson was the real builder. Monticello, the University of Virginia, Bremo, and his home of refuge, Poplar Forest.these, to be sure, are directly the works of the master's hand and attest authentically his title as Virginia's architect paramount. But all those other houses in Virginia that were built new with porticos and pediments or had their Georgian fronts 'lifted' by means of porticos and pediments.from Jefferson's time almost up to the War between the States.also stand as witnesses to clinch the title.
A house of dignity in the Old Dominion was Jeffersonian or nothing. The change came about the more easily because the deep Tidewater-where the statelier family seats of eighteenth.century vintage clustered, and where they still linger as patches of orange.brickcolor among their trees and overgrown gardens.was left aside by the movement of population westward to the hills. That movement Jefferson himself had led. He had pegged it down by shifting the seat of government from Williamsburg to Richmond and by building the University of Virginia.the crowning achievement of his old age.
Much more might be written about Jeffersonian architecture in its rural setting; for example, of the Greek Revival stage that owed its primary local impulse to that capitol of his on its acropolis above the James.notwithstanding that the model temple itself is classed as Roman. This was the phase that produced Berry Hill (see Tour 11 b), with the Parthenon for inspiration, and encouraged the practice of covering clean red brick with stucco in imitation of stone.
Much might be written also about Virginia architecture as it developed in the cities, when cities began to grow to a size that gave them urban character. In all the older towns are distinctly urban and urbane types of red brick houses with Georgian fronts and cornices, with a lurking seventeenth.century suggestion in the steeply.pitched roofs and gables. Especially there are the houses that Robert Mills built, in which the red brick is usually covered with stucco.
Monumental Church, standing with its dome in Broad Street, Richmond, solemnly commemorates the great theater fire of 1811 that cost the lives of the governor of the commonwealth and 70.odd besides. That church is the monument, as well, of Robert Mills, who is best known as the architect of the great colonnade of the Treasury in Washington and of the Washington monuments in Washington and Baltimore.
Best of all Mills's works in Virginia are the stuccoed houses of the I 820'S and 1830's that faced upon the streets of Richmond with plain fronts, except for modest Doric or Ionic framed doorways or small entrance porches in the same styles. Very sober town houses they looked. But, at the back, where the land sloped toward the river and the walled garden dropped its terraces, was the tall columned portico, with hanging balconies clinging to the backs of the columns to leave clean the upward sweep of the shafts to the roof. Thus, as one walked through the hall (no longer a mere passage) from the front door to the back door, the city house of formal dignity turned into a country house with a large gracious air and a sense of comfortable seclusion.
The house of John Wickham, who defended Aaron Burr, survives as the Valentine Museum in Richmond and is little changed. It serves as a reminder of how proficient Mills was in this manner, though he was content, in this instance, to use a one.story portico across the side.bayed garden front, which today looks out on the same walled garden. The White House of the Confederacy, so called, or the Jefferson Davis Mansion, not far away also survives. This house, which Mills built for Dr.John Brockenbrough, retains both the sedate and urban front on the street and the lofty portico at the back. But an attic story has been piled on top, and the garden is so crammed that much of the original effect is lost.
It is not too much to say that the architecture of Virginia, as a distinctive thing, perished with Virginia's own great builder and at that builder's own hands. For Jefferson made his Palladian architecture not Virginian only, but National. Houses in this manner, generally speaking, sprang up all over the country, bigger, if not better, than the Virginia houses. This was true, especially in the new States west of the Alleghenies, whither men from the seaboard States moved with their families and gear and set up on a grand scale on large tracts of land, received often as public grants in recognition of services in the Revolution.
Building in Virginia has tended since the middle of the nineteenth century or earlier to follow the current American fashion in building and to match very closely in any given period the run of the mill in the rest of the country.
Virginia felt as early as the 1820'S the first wave of the Gothic Revival from England.exemplified in General John Hartwell Cocke's lodge, Recess, close to and almost contemporaneous with his classic seat, Bremo in Fluvanna County, mainly planned by Jefferson himself. Virginia caught the subsequent fever engendered by Sir Walter Scott's romances, suffered the irruption of mock medieval designs, dressed up in jigsaw scrollwork and jimcrackery, which we identify as the Victorian Gothic. It fell a victim to the jerry.building plague that swept in from the railroad shack towns of the fast.moving West. It did not escape the rage for the Second French Empire baroque, which in the late 1860's and 1870's possessed the land in the vulgarized and brutalized version now called the General Grant Style. It succumbed to the fad of patchwork quilt polychromy trailing after the introduction by Richardson of the Romanesque style into American architecture. Sham fronts faced with a checkerwork of roughhewn green and brown stones insulted with their presence the proudest of the dim-shaded streets in the larger towns. Poverty, which the War between the States left in its wake, saved the smaller towns and villages from a like desecration, and enabled them to escape that architectural plague only to be devastated later by the universal bungalow blight.
Even when people were not seduced by the new idols and tried to build in the old tradition, the quality was almost certain to be lost. For the fine art of brickwork had fallen into neglect, and the sturdy craft of carpentry was being crowded out by millwork. Proportions perished; design was forgotten. Flattened tin roofs reduced to vulgar insignificance the once gracious, if small and simple, Virginia home, set back from the high road in the grove of trees in the country or tucked in its white.fenced yard along the village street.
Better times brought better buildings. They brought also the eclectic taste, the hodgepodge of styles that the American Beaux Arts architects, fresh from Paris, dumped upon their defenseless stay.at.home fellow citizens. Virginia built like the rest of the country, and the fashionable new suburbs of her cities became, as everywhere else, samplers of the past styles of every country but our own.
The range was from Richardsonian Romanesque derivatives, with massive rough walls, heavy arches, and round excrescences like stone tents, through the regular Italian palace and French chateau effects to Elizabethan manors, some of which were copied, others imported like Virginia House in Richmond, formerly Sulgrave Manor.
Tobacco built the houses of the eighteenth.century Virginia nabobs. Tobacco likewise built most of these new mansions in assorted exotic styles, and some of them were.and are.very handsome, even if they have nothing to do with Virginia architecture as such. 'A refreshing, if entirely alien, note arrived in Richmond in the 1890's with the Jefferson Hotel, a vision of old Seville conjured up by Carrere and Hastings, just back from setting up Spanish scenery for the Florida winter.resort stage. With terrace, arches, fountain court, and towers, and a dress of creamcolored brick and terracotta, it looks across Franklin Street at the classic portico of Peter Mayo's big square gray house and is not one whit abashed.
Another building fashion swept the whole Nation, indirectly starting the movement that within the last two decades has restored Virginia's own architecture to favor with Virginians and awakened pride in the local tradition. This pride, in turn has created the current very active revival of building consciously, and even determinedly, in the old manner. The return tidal wave of the classic that swept the country after the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 had, with its dramatic Roman.holiday scenery, fired the imagination of an American people peculiarly susceptible at the moment to expressions of magnificence and illusions of grandeur. Virginia went in enthusiastically for the architectural stuff of which the White City beside Lake Michigan was made. A new crop of porticos and pediments grew up.
Meantime, however, Stanford White had come down to the University of Virginia to restore Jefferson's Rotunda, which had been wrecked by fire in 1895. From this building, an adaptation of the Pantheon in Rome, the inspiration came to White and his partner, Charles F. McKim (who had already started an American Colonial revival, based on a study of old houses in New England), to create after the same Pantheon model the libraries of Columbia and New York Universities.
Thus the dazzling light of the new White City, or fin de siecle fashion, caused the rediscovery of the forgotten man, Thomas Jefferson, the Architect.for 50 years among his own people completely lost in the magnitude of the political fame of Jefferson, Father of Democracy. Those red brick buildings with their white columns framing the Lawn at Jefferson's university, those old porticoed houses scattered about the countryside and entangled in local traditions as tenacious as the ivy that mantled their walls .these buildings were, it appeared, not merely venerable relics of an old time and an extinct fashion. In them was embodied a Virginia achievement as distinguished as any other of her contributions to the sound beginnings of the American union of States. Very soon the new porticoed and pedimented houses began to look more like the native old houses and less like the latest imported models advertised in Chicago. The red brick of a country based on one of the reddest of red clay beds in the world gained favor over the alien pale stone of the new classic fashion.
It was rather blind groping at first, so completely had knowledge of the older architectural traditions faded out in a half century sliced off from its past by the sword of a destructive war. Actually the distinction had been lost between the true Colonial.the so.called American Georgian or adapted English Renaissance of the eighteenth century.and the Palladian.Jeffersonian, which Fiske Kimball named Early Republican.
Indeed, the Virginians, like the rest of the country a generation ago, habitually called the revived Jeffersonian style Colonial when they did not call it Southern.
Since the outstanding monuments of the Jeffersonian vintage were still in active use.as the capitol and university buildings.and since many of the upcountry plantation mansions, including Monticello itself, have escaped serious damage, the volunteer salvage corps concentrated their attention on the neglected Tidewater.and thus rediscovered the true Colonial, almost by accident. In this field, the process of pious restoration by private hands and through patriotic organizations.in which the women have taken the lead.has set going surveys and investigations by architects and antiquarians, the sum of which has created for the first time a body of dependable knowledge covering Virginia's building methods and styles as far back as the last quarter of the seventeenth century.
The return of Virginia to its own version of the architecture that came from England has been encouraged.as it has been made possible on a solid basis of authenticity.by the recreation of the Colonial capital at Williamsburg, financed by John D. Rockefeller,Jr. and carried out with extraordinary care and completeness. As we have seen, the originals launched the fashion in which the finest and most distinctive Virginia houses and churches were built.at least, before Mr. Jefferson came along. So that it is only reasonable that the restoration should have potent effect on today's revival of that style.
The vertical fashion of skyscrapers, which America invented and developed as its principal contribution to the most compendious of the arts, has not missed the larger Virginia cities. But it expresses itself here, as everywhere, in standard skyscraper patterns. The rival horizontal fashion, which exploits shining metal and glass, the professedly international style, has made little headway in Virginia.
The Valley of the Shenandoah.the river called Euphrates by Colonel Spotswood's Knights of the Golden Horseshoe.was settled by two main streams of migration. One went over the mountain from the Piedmont and the Tidewater and took with it its accustomed manner of living and building.the Virginia manner of the period of migration. The other stream.much the more important numerically and made up largely of Ulstermen (usually called Scotch.Irish in Virginia) and of Germans-came down into the Valley from the North, chiefly through Pennsylvania. They brought with them the architecture that is distinguished as the Pennsylvania.Dutch type, with its solid foursquare houses of stone.the natural building material of a mountainous country.
The two types (west and east) are essentially the same in stylistic derivation, according to date. Either they show characteristics of the Medieval or Gothic.like the steep.roofed, narrow.gabled house of Virginia's architectural beginnings.or they follow Renaissance block patterns and are adapted to the local material of which they are built, the use to which they are put, and the climatic and other conditions of living that they serve.
An example is Augusta Church, built between I 740 and 1750, a solid foursquare structure with walls laid in stones of odd shapes after a manner characteristic of Pennsylvania stone houses and churches of the first half of the eighteenth century. Topping it is a steep roof, having the gables, clipped off diagonally half.way.the so.called jerkin.head roof, although, as a matter of fact, the same style of roof is used in the deep Tidewater in houses built before 17 50.
The original Valley counties, Augusta and Frederick, were not created until 1738 and not organized until some years later. Augusta Church is therefore not merely a characteristic piece of Valley of Virginia architecture but probably the oldest surviving example of the type of architecture that may be said to be peculiarly the Valley's own.
In general, the architecture that is Virginia's own, in right of happy adaptation to her countryside and the manners, custom, and genius of her people, is of two types.
First is the Colonial, derived directly from English models: Early Colonial, built on the still lingering Medieval pattern of the seventeenth century common usage in the homeland; and Late Colonial following the Renaissance mode as interpreted by English architects of that century and made the new fashion of building for persons of distinction through most of the century succeeding.
Second is the Jeffersonian, which was artfully taken from Palladio's bag of tricks but which received a stamp that makes it both distinctive and distinguished. Houses in Virginia have still an unmistakable Virginia character, no matter how obvious the derivation. They carry the conviction of belonging to the country as surely as the clay and wood of which they are composed and the field and forest in which they are framed.


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The biggest update to our exclusive bikes is with our Access brand of mountain bikes. As you can see below (from photos we shot during our employee-exclusive bike preview), we've really expanded our Access lineup.
Front and center in the new lineup are the race-ready Access Stealth carbon 29er hardtail mountain bikes. Yes, we said carbon 29er. We've been testing and refining this new bike for some time now, and we can't wait to show off its performance (and hot graphics).
But we haven't neglected our aluminum-framed 29er options, as you can see with the Access Prowler series, with solid component specs and sharp-looking color schemes.
Also new is the Access Raptor series of 26″-wheeled hardtails, available, like all of our bikes, with a range of components to meet everyone's needs and budget.
Of course we didn't forget to upgrade our road bike lineup either, with new graphics and components throughout our Scattante brand bikes.
And our popular Scattante Americano single-speed lineup is back with more component style:
And cool custom graphic details:
Plus we don't want you to miss our updated Transit line of commuter bikes, with their practical specs and understated style.
So, like we said earlier, we're really looking forward to 2011! We've worked hard to bring you exclusive bike brands that have something for everyone and every need, and we can't wait to show them off!


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Visitor Guide from Historic Churches to Nature, local attractions and places to visit.(Read more...)
Don't put your dog in kennels when your on holiday in Norfolk, bring them with you. We are a dog friendly hotel, we have large grounds to exercise your dog in, and you can throw their ball as far as you can. Don't feel guilty about leaving them alone whilst your away bring your best […](Read more...)
While away a summers afternoon on the terrace or in the conservatory, watching the wildlife in our beautiful gardens.(Read more...)
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Zagat survey: Many diners want to get rid of tipping
CINCINNATI (SBG San Antonio/WKRC) - Would you be willing to pay more for a meal if it meant you didn't have to leave a tip?
A poll published by Zagat found 43% of those surveyed would pay more for a meal if it meant not having to leave a tip. However, 33% hated the idea.
It also found that, on average, Americans tip about 18% at restaurants. The best tippers are in Philadelphia at about 20%.
The survey also found that diners eat out for lunch and dinner 4.9 times on average per week.
And social media plays a role. When asked if they have ever picked a place to eat based on photos of food on social media, 75% of diners said yes.


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The AAFP, along with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and several other medical associations, sent a letter(www.magnetmail.net) on May 1 to 3,100-plus hospitals that provide maternity care, urging them to help eliminate nonmedically indicated deliveries before 39 weeks' gestation.
According to AAFP EVP Douglas Henley, M.D., the Academy and its partners sent the letter to advance HHS' Strong Start Initiative(innovation.cms.gov) by asking the hospitals to work to reduce the rate of elective deliveries performed before 39 weeks' gestation to less than 5 percent. Strong Start, said Henley, represents an extension of two of the recommendations the AAFP and ACOG made in the most recent list released as part of the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign.
"The letter, in part, states that 'increasing evidence demonstrates that elective deliveries prior to full-term gestation put babies at risk, and established clinical guidelines now advise against performing early-term (37 or 38 weeks' gestation), nonmedically necessary deliveries,'" Henley told AAFP News Now, referring to a June 2012 statement by the American Hospital Association's Board of Trustees that is cited in the letter.
- The AAFP sent a letter on May 1 to 3,100-plus hospitals that provide maternity care, urging them to help eliminate nonmedically indicated deliveries before 39 weeks' gestation.
- Part of HHS' Strong Start Initiative, the letter asks hospitals to work to reduce the rate of elective deliveries prior to full-term gestation to less than 5 percent.
- AAFP EVP Douglas Henley, M.D., said Strong Start represents an extension of two of the Academy's recommendations released in the most recent Choosing Wisely list.
"We know, based upon evidence, that nonmedically necessary deliveries before 39 weeks' gestation can present an increased risk to babies born earlier than that," Henley said. "There will clearly always be, because of possible medical complications with the baby or mother, reasons to deliver earlier, but there are good reasons to avoid nonmedically necessary deliveries absent such medical indications."
Henley said Strong Start allows the AAFP to spread the message from the Choosing Wisely campaign to another important target audience.
"We felt we needed to direct that message to hospitals so that they can develop institutional policies that reflect what Choosing Wisely is already saying to the public and to doctors," he said. "These hospitals can set institutional policies that are directive to the nursing staff on OB floors, as well as to the other professional staff -- including the doctors who have privileges to deliver babies -- that this is an important patient safety and quality improvement issue, which the entire institution is setting as a goal to improve patient outcomes."
According to the Strong Start website, fewer early elective deliveries means
- more mothers get safe, evidence-based care;
- infants' chances for good physical and developmental health improve; and
- costs for public and private payers decrease because fewer Caesarean sections need to be performed after failed inductions, there are fewer neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and the incidence of associated complications among newborns drops.
The letter suggests that hospitals without a documented hospital plan/policy in place to eliminate nonmedically indicated deliveries before 39 weeks "form a multidisciplinary team composed of obstetrical providers, nursing staff, administration and, as this is a public issue, potentially a (hospital) board member" to develop and implement such a policy.
In addition, the letter asks that hospitals voluntarily report early elective delivery data to a Hospital Engagement Network and/or post their delivery policy on their hospital website.
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Because you have a lot of opinions about the Oscar nominees and most of them don't concern sound mixing, we present InsideHook's 1st Annual Best Picture Pictures: a series of infographics that put the evening's heavy hitters in respectful context. Down in front, please.
And that's just the curtain raising. The rest of the infographics are right this way. Enjoy the Oscars, we'll see you on Monday.


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From what I understand this will be a 'couple-less' season. I'm so stoked about that! Hate when they do that.
So for those who watched it: They doing this in couples?I admit, I watched the first elimination episode of Dancing With the Stars. I did have NBC on and was going to flip, but forgot. Wikipedia has them paired up, for the most part, with a few without teams.
It appears that there will be couples this season (a purple team, a red team, a blue team, a pink team, etc.) but they will be complete strangers as they start out, if that make a difference. However, until they get to the ranch, it's not 100% clear that will be the case.
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Rob Zombie Offers Apology for Shortened 2014 Rock Fest Set
Rob Zombie unfortunately had to cut short his performance in Cadott, Wis. at the annual Rock Fest after only two songs, citing throat issues as the reasoning for shutting things down early. Zombie was apologetic initially in revealing his throat issues to the crowd and he continued his apologies in a new post at his website.
As Zombie reveals in his posting, this is the first time in his 29 years of performing that he's not been able to complete a show, often times powering through a gig in less than ideal circumstances. But, as expected, there has been a mix of both supportive and critical responses since the show, which he addresses in his post.
Above all, Zombie states, "I don't take the fans for granted and I don't take this situation lightly. My goal is to never let the fans down, but on that night I did. Unfortunately I had no choice." To further illustrate his point, he offered a photo of his throat for visual proof. Read his entire posting below.
Zombie will have time to recover before his next show. He's scheduled to return to the road in September, beginning with a show on Sept. 8 in Portland, Ore. To see his full itinerary, click here.


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Presented ByCourtney LeBoeuf
Broker, Licensed in Oregon
Charbonneau is a gorgeous planned community in Wilsonville, 20 miles south of Portland on the eastern bank of the Willamette River. Although it is still part of the Portland Metropolitan area, Charbonneau captures all of the comforts of living apart from the hurry of urban living. The name Charbonneau comes from Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau, the son of Sacajawea.
The community was started in the 1970s with a golf course and a small number of townhomes, but has grown exponentially since. Today, the community has an independent shopping center and newspaper, which is delivered to all of the neighborhood's residents. Due to being a private community, Charbonneau has an incredibly low crime rate and is thus particularly popular with individuals and families looking for a comfortable place to retire.
Every residential household within the Charbonneau district is a member of the Charbonneau Country Club (CCC) Homeowners Association. The association maintains many community elements including the upkeep of the community clubhouse, security patrol, and landscaping on the main thoroughfare of the district.
Residents can participate in any of the organized clubs and organizations such as bridge groups, exercise classes, women's golf groups, Men's Club, painting, and more. The CCC also holds a number of social events each year that include concerts, wine tasting, theatrical events and various other forms of entertainment.
Charbonneau is a community with an abundance of amenities that enable an active lifestyle. The Charbonneau Country Club offers a 27-hole public course with an executive course that is open year-round. There are also numerous parks throughout the community and a walking path that extends along part of the French Prairie Road and continues through the County Club Estates for walking, running and biking. Access to the Willamette River allows for fishing, boating and water-skiing.
Private mortgage insurance is an insurance policy that a residential mortgage lender requires of the borrower if the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio of the home is greater than 80%. Mortgage insurance protects the lender from the risk that the borrower may default on the loan. Federal law requires lenders to notify borrowers when the loan-to-value ratio drops below 80%. Mortgage insurance premiums vary, but generally range from $1,000 to $5,000 a year for an average priced home.
Assessments are monthly fees such as Home Owners Association(HOA) Fees etc... Results received from this calculator are designed for comparative purposes only, and accuracy is not guaranteed.
Information deemed reliable but subject to change without notice. Qualified buyers only, subject to credit approval. This is not a commitment to lend. Consumer Loan License NMLS-3240, CL-3240.
In association with our #1 preferred local lender, Directors Mortgage, Hasson Company, Realtors® is able to provide a full spectrum of financial services, from online pre-approval to offering a guiding hand throughout the entire home buying process.
3 Beds | 2.1 Baths | 1,886 SQFT
2 Beds | 2 Baths | 2,144 SQFT
3 Beds | 2.1 Baths | 2,036 SQFT
3 Beds | 2.1 Baths | 2,040 SQFT
2 Beds | 2 Baths | 1,730 SQFT
2 Beds | 2 Baths | 1,779 SQFT
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The content relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the IDX program of the RMLS™ of Portland, Oregon. Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Hasson Company, Realtors® are marked with the IDX logo, and detailed information about these properties includes the names of the listing brokers. Listing content is copyright © 2015 RMLS™, Portland, Oregon.This property was last updated: January 24, 2019 2:16 PM


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NBC has released a new promo for the second season of "Hannibal" which it's titled "A Warning."
Premiering on February 28 at 10 p.m. ET/PT with the episode called "Kaiseki," Hannibal finds Will still in custody for the murder of Abigail. Dr. Lecter steps in to help when bodies wash up on a riverbank. The big question is whether or not Dr. Bloom will be able to help Will regain his memories.
The series stars Hugh Dancy as expert criminal profiler Will Graham, who has a unique ability to peer into the mind of serial killers. Mads Mikkelsen stars as Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a psychiatrist who is helping with the cases and, unbeknownst to Will, is also a serial killer himself. Laurence Fishburne stars as Jack Crawford, the head of the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit. Caroline Dhavernas and Hettienne Park also co-star.


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Leeds United defender Sam Byram agrees new deal with Championship club
Highly-rated full-back Sam Byram has signed a contract that will keep him at Leeds United until 2016.
Last Updated: 26/01/13 3:25pm
The 19-year-old, who has played 35 games for Leeds this season, has been linked with a move away from the club during the January transfer window, with both Everton and Liverpool rumoured to be interested.
Byram only made his first-team debut this season - in the 4-0 Capital One Cup win over Shrewsbury - but has quickly established himself as a key member of Neil Warnock's side.
He has also demonstrated his versatility by operating in roles in both defence and midfield.
A statement on the Leeds website said: "The contract is a reward for his contribution in the first team this season."