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Thursday, February 14, 2013
War on Everything but Islamic Terror
There's no telling what surreal enemy our wise and brilliant leaders will declare war on next. Shoes? Pepper? Umbrellas? Mathematics? The color blue?
There's just no way to know anymore.
The United States has lost the War in Afghanistan, a minor matter that no news outlet can find the time to report on because they're too busy covering a breaking story about a Republican Senator taking a sip of a water. Maybe a War on Water can be next. Was there a Styrofoam cup involved? It's time for one of those hard-hitting investigations that reminds us what a tragedy it will be when the last newspaper is strangled with the entrails of the last news network and the media's commitment to serious journalism is finally replaced by pictures of cats, wardrobe malfunctions and mutual accusations of racism. (And we won't even notice when it finally happens.)
But who can find the time to fight a war against Islamic terrorists, when there are more pressing wars to be fought? Like a war on being fat.
Michelle Obama declared that obesity was a national security threat. And the Pentagon, which now exists only to ratify the latest leftist social experiment from the White House, whether it's Green Energy, Gay Marriage or bombing the fattest state in the country (Michigan), issued a report agreeing that snack foods posed the greatest threat to the military since Global Warming and the lack of Tranny toilets on submarines.
The military has been unable to identify the Fort Hood Massacre as a terrorist attack and fires any instructor who talks about Islam as anything other than a wonderful Religion of Peace practiced by our closest allies in Saudi Arabia and on board a plane headed for the Pentagon, but the political generals are always ready, willing and able to jump on any truly serious national security threat. If only Iran began developing the world's biggest chocolate bar, then the bombing raids would begin as soon as the chocolate enrichment process reached the caramel-nougat line.
Faced with a seemingly unwinnable conflict against the Soviet Union, American leaders began to retreat into smaller social wars that were actually far more unwinnable. Those wars have also gone the way of the dodo. The War on Poverty is one with the ages and the War on Drugs is usually only mentioned in a pejorative context.
But the same government that couldn't get a small percentage of the population to stop doing cocaine and heroin imagines that it will somehow be able to compel 11-year-old boys to stop eating candy and drawing guns. A heroin addict is nothing compared to a normal growing boy seeking a sweet sugar rush before playing a game of cops and robbers. The authorities would have better luck getting Obama's campaign staff to Say No to Drugs.
The government that couldn't stop drug use or defeat Islamic terrorism has set its sights on something easier. Taking candy from a baby.
During his State of the Union Address, in between promising to create hubs full of 3D printers and drag every three-year-old to a preschool so he can get a head start on being indoctrinated in important knowledge skills, like recycling and understanding white privilege, Zero Hussein announced that the mission in Afghanistan had been completed because Al Qaeda was defeated. Then he explained that while the war was over, American soldiers would have to go on staying in Afghanistan to continue fighting the already defeated Al Qaeda in a war that was no longer a war, but an extended vacation with shooting.
The War on Terror may have been a tough nut to crack, but let's focus on the War on Thermometers. They're small and have little pockets of red fluid that are easy to crack open. Everyone used to say that everyone talks about the temperature, but doesn't do anything about it. Finally we're going to do something about the weather. And the little kids who eat candy. And once we've won the wars on the rain and sun, on sugar, spice and everything nice, then we can finally begin learning the rules of being in the underclass of the new Caliphate.
During the election, Obama promised to begin "nation building" at home. Since that usually involves destroying a country's military, wrecking its industrial base and then feeding them off the back of trucks while communicating with them only through interpreters, it looks like he's making good on his promise. Chicago already looks more like Kabul or Baghdad than America. And Chicago is the second capital of the new Obamerica that is swallowing the country.
Nation building at home means bringing the war home. Nation building is something that we usually inflict on our worst enemies in the hopes of teaching them a better way to live. It means wrecking the United States and then rebuilding it in the way that our conquerors see fit. All those little wars aren't really being fought against salt, sugar, plastic bags and a thousand other tiny inanimate enemies. They are being fought against you.
Guns don't kill people. And salt and sugar don't eat themselves. Plastic bags don't fill themselves with groceries and, barring the driverless car reportedly on the horizon, your old-fashioned gas guzzler won't drive itself home from the store with plastic bags full of salt and sugar in the trunk.
The left has blown the war against Islamic terrorism. For the most part it has chosen not to fight it. Its real enemy isn't some bearded guy sitting in a cave with a Kalashnikov being propped up by his fourth wife's Hijab; it's Mr. and Mrs. America in all their racist, overeating and polluting criminality. Lefties are not terribly interested in conquering other countries, until they have finished the conquest of the country that they're in.
What we can expect is a war on everything but the war we're in. To the sort of people who declare war on salt and make up fake global crises to force everyone to pay more to fly, Islamic terrorism is just what happens when the sainted 3rd World gets tired of our overeating and overdriving, and the oil companies and agribusiness that cater to our needs, and begins fighting back. The understanding that the terrorists are not just out to protest the destruction of the rainforest or fracking, but intend to establish a totalitarian theocracy based on over a thousand years of bloody history never even enters the minds of the sort of people who declare wars on salt and Styrofoam cups.
There is no denying the fact that much of the country is only too willing to turn away from the bleak prospect of a seemingly unwinnable war against a huge number of ruthless enemies and instead begin lecturing their neighbors on how to raise their children and cook their meals. There is a measure of pettiness in all of us and now that pettiness has been elevated to a national security agenda.
Faced with an external threat, people often turn on each other fighting the small petty wars against each other that they can win, rather than going out to slay the dragon. And we are up to our necks in these small and petty wars, that are small only in concept not in scope. The bigger the threat, the smaller the wars become until we are fighting everyday household items, rather than the terrorists trying to break into our house and kill us.
In New York City, an awkward skeletal tower stands near where the World Trade Center towers once touched the sky. And on some lampposts you can still see the faded imprint of missing person flyers. But there is good news. Mayor Bloomberg reports that the war on salt has been won.
22 comments:
- Anonymous said...
You Mr. Greenfield are a national treasure!
- 14/2/13
- Anonymous said...
Spot on, sir. Spot on. We are a kakistocracy now.
- 14/2/13
- Anonymous said...
You have now entered the gnostic zone. In the dream world, wisdom and prudence have no value. Cause and effect are defined by the dreamers, so when reality penetrates exploration of truth is prohibited.
Efforts to clarify actual causes will be denounced as immoral enterprises. Articulation, in the form of organized action gives way to magical thinking, moral insanity propagandizes with condemnations, proclamations and other various rantings.
All efforts to translate the dream to reality are doomed. Since the nonrecognition of reality is a matter of principle, failure only leads to intensification on the dream and whatever resources are required to achieve it.
Like Dr Morbius' pneumo-pathological id in "Forbidden Planet", the dream conception takes on a life of its own. The rest of humanity can only watch in horror as it consumes those who created it.
- 14/2/13
- Chris said...
Former collegiate-saber-fencer touché!! (It betrays my age to say I fondly remember watching Forbidden Planet, one of my favorite SciFi movies.)
Keep up the good work!!
- 14/2/13
- VA_Rancher said...
I wish this were truly a joke. It has the right tempo, and it would be HILARIOUS if only it were not so true...
- 14/2/13
- mindRider said...
.....the war on the thermometer..... won by the government when they outlawed the mercury filled ones and had these $1 items replaced by $25 costing electronic contraptions.
.....the war on the lightbulb...... same story, we poor consumers are flushed down the drain financially by this avalanche of costly environmental nonsense.
- 14/2/13
- Elisandra said...
Yes, mercury thermometers replaced by non-mercury ones, because mercury is bad for us, and non-mercury light bulbs replaced by mercury ones, that we can't throw away, because mercury is bad for the garbage dump. But last I heard it's still okay for use in tooth fillings.
- 14/2/13
- Anonymous said...
Love your stuff,but your Chicago comments are way over the top
- 14/2/13
- Anonymous said...
Men fight/die in Iraq/Afghanistan/Kuwait because there is no war on terror?
Maybe no enough dying for you yet?
I like reading this blog but this is way out in left field.
I agree with other comment maker on Chicago way over the top.
- 14/2/13
- IgorR said...
To Anonymous above, the war in Kuwait was obviously not a part of the war on terror, it happened before the term was even coined. The war in Iraq: it's not even clear what it was. The war in Afghanistan was a part of the war on terror, but using the criteria of how many have died is like judging whether a doctor was successful by how many different kinds of medicines he prescribed: interesting but in the end irrelevant if the patient takes a turn for the worst. To quote Harry Reid who was speaking of a different war, "This war is lost." Not all of us are savages, sacrificing American soldiers to the gods of war doesn't bring certain victory.
- 14/2/13
- Ex-Dissident said...
Hey Chris aka saber fencer,
I wonder if we once knew each other, because collegiate sabre is a very small world and one that I was also immersed in once. What league did you compete in? Drop by my blog...
- 14/2/13
- Anonymous said...
Priceless! Thank you.
- 15/2/13
- Dennis Latham said...
Great article, all true from any logical view. Everything Obama and his servants ramble about is all a tactic to distract us from the country being destroyed. If anyone would bother to check, they would soon discover (the media won't say it) that domestic government agencies are buying billions of rounds of ammunition with our money, under the guise of target practice. They must be blasting 24/7 on their mystical ranges. There is no more 22long rifle ammunition to be had anywhere in the country. A simple little round that has been used for plinking forever has suddenly disappeared. They don't want you to have the big rifles, and they are going to make sure you can't fire the little ones that most people have. What 22 ammo that is around is either for pistols only or is priced so high that most people can't buy it. We are at war for sure, and the war is on us. And guys like that Muslim terrorist at Fort Hood still haven't been brought to trial. Yet, people still fail to see through Obama and his god Soros. Unreal on every level. Keep up the good work. The truth is always a pleasant sight.
- 15/2/13
- Bizzy Brain said...
Styrofoam is the trade name of the blue insulating material used in building construction. Those foam coffee cups are made of polystyrene. Anyway, I still know what you're talking about. Lol!
- 15/2/13
- Daniel Greenfield @ the Sultan Knish blog said...
it's generally referred to as Styrofoam in discussions on the ban, so that's the name I'm using
- 15/2/13
- Anonymous said...
There is a war on everything except terrorism. The President is quite comfortable with calling out the names of gun violence but has an aversion to calling terrorism exactlly what it is . . . TERRORISM. Heck forget the USS Cole, the bombing of the Trade Centers, Benghazi, 9/11 and others...they don't matter. What matters is class warfare, salt, 16-32oz drinks, more taxes, gun control and total government dominance of your individual freedoms plus an all out push for total worship at the feet of Socialism.
- 15/2/13
- CDR SCR said...
Be afraid - very afraid. The worst is yet to come. Remember when Reno sent in the Federal SWAT-like guys to take custody of a cuban boy to send back to the Commies in Cuba. Multiply that by thousands of Feds arresting "new legislated Felons" for simply following the second amendment and our GOD given right of self-defense and freedom from Tyranny
I for one am ready - bring it Anti-Christ in the White House ! - CDR SCR
- 15/2/13
- Doug Mayfield said...
Deep down, the Left is at war with reality. Reacting with venom to any facts which clash with their beliefs, they discard them immediately.
Yes, there are problems such as obesity. But it was not so long ago in human history that the issue was starvation, 'Can I live through the next winter?' not 'I eat too much'. Capitalism briefly unleashed took care of that.
It is capitalism and freedom which the Left hates and which they want to destroy. That hatred is manifest in their attacks on every aspect of modern society.
- 15/2/13
- Anonymous said...
Fighting Islamic terrorism overseas is largely a waste of time, unless we are willing to declare war against a country. That would mean most of the middle east, which would the same as declaring war European countries in WW II.
If we're going to fight, we must first start with homeland security (immigratio reform, shoe leather intelligence gathering and online intel gathering) etc.
Second, protecting US interests in other countries (embassies for example). IMO, unless we declare war on specific Islamic nations all of these war on terrorism within a specific country is useless.
And how many times will it take the US to realize how foolish it is to get involved in foreign civil wars? Our help, training etc. almost always ends up biting us in the butt.
- 15/2/13
- occupant 9 said...
Let's not forget the War on Irony, a side effect of an attack from the "religion of peace."
- 16/2/13
- Jameel @ The Muqata said...
You forgot NASA's new primary directive, to "find a way to reach out to the Muslim world and engage much more with dominantly Muslim nations to help them feel good about their historic contribution to science and math and engineering."
- 17/2/13
- Deelight said...
Attn temporary "saviors": kind of schizoid to have a war on obesity when you're promoting health-destroying GMOs and selling yummy chemical goodness in every commercial, hey? Oh, I forgot that it's really just all about herd control...nemmind.
- 18/2/13


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ARLINGTON, Texas -- Texas Rangers right-hander Austin Bibens-Dirkx has gotten over the star-struck phase of making his major league debut at the age of 32.
Now Bibens-Dirkx (2-0, 3.28 ERA) is squarely focused on helping the Rangers' rotation continue its recent string of success when he squares off against Toronto and right-hander Marco Estrada (4-5, 4.54 ERA) on Monday as the Rangers and Blue Jays open a four-game series.
Bibens-Dirkx played a big role in the recent rotation surge in his last start. Against the Washington Nationals, he allowed a leadoff homer in the bottom of the first but that was the lone run he allowed in seven innings as he picked up his first victory as a starter.
Part of the reason for his success has been his ability to simplify the game and just pitch.
"They're human beings," Bibens-Dirkx said. "They can get out. When you see big-league guys, you see names. You can see them get out. That's one of the things I've learned throughout the years is if you make a quality pitch, you have a chance. If you make a mistake, it won't turn out too well for you. That's probably the biggest surprise is I've been able to make quality pitches and get big-league guys out."
While Monday's game will be only his eighth appearance, Bibens-Dirkx has faced the Jays before. He pitched four innings in relief on May 26, allowing three runs and striking out five. He also gave up two homers.
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"We're going to have to have a little bit of a different game plan," he said. "I know they're going to have a lot more of a scouting report on me. I've got to make as many quality pitches as possible. I have to be a little smarter about making pitches and keeping the ball down. They have a lot of power guys in the lineup."
Estrada will have his hands full against the Rangers, too. He's struggled throughout June, losing all three of his starts and not pitching more than 5 2/3 innings. He has a 12.08 ERA in June and was blasted by Tampa Bay for six runs on 2 hits in 3 1/3 innings in his last start.
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The Jays, who avoided getting swept by the Chicago White Sox with a 7-3 win Sunday, are two games under .500 and general manager Ross Atkins knows his team needs to get going soon. Toronto is 5-5 in its last 10 games and in last place in the American League East.
"No question, I think we'll have a pretty good idea in two weeks of where things stand," said Atkins to Sportsnet.ca. "That might not be the case, but it feels as though some things are going to crystalize in the coming weeks, and certainly beyond that stretch, we'll have a real good feel for how strong this team is."


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text: Mullion Kit - Lavender - Petite Size Mullion Kit - Lavender - Petite Size Mullion Kit - Lavender - Petite Size Kit including the Mullion pattern and yarn in original colour in Petite Size The Mullion poncho is perfect if you love lace but don't like wearing shawls. A simple lace pattern is followed by a bold edging. The poncho is worked in the round from the top down. It comes in two sizes but can easily be adjusted to a different size. See pattern notes for more on choosing your size. Order the kit to knit Mullion in Lavender - Size Petite (see separate listing for Tall kit). Your kit will include: Navia Bummull x 3 balls (50g each) - 413 Lavender Your kit will also include the printed pattern and a pdf download of the Mullion pattern. Size Petite Tall Neck width 37.5cm/14¾in 39cm/15¼inBottom width 102cm/40¼in 110cm/43¼inLength 55.5cm/21¾in 60cm/23½in Notes on size: The sample shown in photos is the Tall option; it fits a tall person whether they require a slim or plus size. Choose size based on height as well as build, adjusting length if necessary. For a short plus size, cast on for the Tall size and work fewer repeats of Charts C and D. For a very slim tall size, you may wish to cast on for the Petite size and work extra repeats of Charts C and D. In addition you will need 3.5mm (UK 10/US 4) circular needles (40cm) and 4mm (UK 8/US 6) circular needles (40cm/16in, 80cm/32in and 100cm/40in (optional) lengths - not included). Full price for this kit if yarn bought separately at RRP is approx £20 Mullion is also available as a downloadable pdf pattern.


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On the color of light
It has been suggested that this article would be interesting if it had some illustrations. While I figger out what illustrations would be useful, and fetch them, I will start by merely providing a frontispiece:
Douglas A. Kerr: Carla, 2011
In the scientific sense, color is one aspect of the sensation produced in an animal's visual system in response to light striking the retina of the eye. (Here I will speak only in terms of the human animal.)
We do not know, for example, what is the actual mental impression (color-wise or otherwise) in the mind of another human viewing the same scene as we do. And we cannot directly measure the color sensation. And thus we cannot quantify (describe in numbers) the color sensation evoked by a certain kind of light. The best we can do is speak in terms of vague, qualitative properties.
"Yep, that looks like a green light to me." "Yeah, but not as deep a green as that other light over there."Color scientists determined that the property of a certain beam of light that controls the color sensation it creates in the human visual system is its power spectral density function (PSD). We can think of that as a curve showing how the overall power in the beam is distributed over the range of visible wavelengths. (This is sometimes spoken of as the spectrum of the light beam.)
Here we see the plot of an illustrative PSD (it happens to be the one prescribed for a CIE standard illuminant, D65):
Since we cannot directly measure, and thus describe quantitatively, a certain human color sensation , we resort to describing a certain human color sensation in terms of properties of a beam of light (having a certain PSD) that will evoke that response. (I say "a" beam of light since it turns out that there are an infinity of light PSD's that will evoke the same color sensation in a human.)
As a consequence, we say that such a beam of light has a certain color, by which we of course mean that it is expected to evoke a certain color sensation in the human visual system.
Thus, "color" as a "thing" indeed refers to a sensation in a human observer, but the scientifically quantifiable property color pertains to light.
[To be continued]
Part 2
The human visual system
The part of the human retina with which we are concerned here comprises numerous cone receptors of three different types (for a human with "normal" color vision). The types have different spectral responses, the functions that describe how components of the light on the retina are "weighted" by wavelength to arrive at the cone's output value.
It is a situation almost exactly parallel to that of the sensor systems we encounter in today's digital photography.As a consequence, the human color sensation is three-dimensional (in the mathematical, not geometric, sense). That means that if we could describe it numerically, we would need three numbers to describe any given sensation. But of course we can't describe the sensation numerically in any precise way.
Describing the color of light
Thus it might seem that the color of a light beam (the property that determines what color sensation it is expected to evoke in a human observer) should also be able to be described, numerically, in a system of three values. And elbaorate tests by color scientists confirmed that conjecture.
Then was thus a need for a standardized system of such three values to numerically describe the color of an instance of light. In 1931, the CIE (The International Commission on Illumination, the acronym coming from its French name) published such a system. In it, the color of an instance of light (and recall that color here includes the property of luminance, or "brightness") is described by a set of three values, represented by the symbols X, Y, and Z.
Because a system of, n values can be visualized in terms of a plot in n-dimensional space, the values of the variables can be thought of as "coordinates" of a point in that space. Thus the three values X, Y, and Z are often spoken of as the coordinates of a certain color.
In any case, light whose color is describable by certain values of X, Y, and Z is expected to evoke a consistent color sensation among human viewers.
The color of an instance of light (meaning, the color sensation it is expected to evoke in a human observer) is determined by the spectrum of the light. It turns out that, for the light to have any given color (that is, for us to expect it to evoke a certain color sensation in a human) it can have any of an infinity of spectrums. This situation is called metamerism.
So we can (at the very least) imagine that light of two particular spectrums will evoke the same color sensation in human viewers.
This is the time to mention that, even for humans having "normal" visual systems, the responses to light with different spectrums may differ slightly. Thus light with spectrum A and light with spectrum B might appear identical to Alice, but not quite identical to to Bob. Thus, all the scientific work I speak of, and the standards for describing the color of light, bear the concept of "for an average human viewer". The tests that established the premises for various measurements all involved large cadres of subjects.
[To be continued]
Part 3
Measurement of the color of light
Recall that:
By the color of of a certain instance of light, we mean the property by which it is expected to evoke a certain color perception in a, "average" human observer.
The color of an instance of light is determined by its "spectrum".
Many different spectrums can result in the light having any given color.
We need only use three numerical values to completely specify the color of an instance of light.
The procedure for measuring the color of an instance of light that is prescribed as part of the CIE definition of the XYZ coordinate system for describing the color of the light actually works by simulating the response of the three-cone-type system of the human visual system, as we have inferred it from subjective measurements. The procedure conceptually is this:
1. We determine, with a spectrometer or similar instrument, the power spectral density function (PSD) ("spectrum") of the light of interest.
2. We multiply that spectrum curve by another curve (also a function of wavelength) that has a fixed definition (given by the CIE). It is called the "X matching function" curve. By "multiply by" I mean that at every wavelength in the visual range, we multiply the value of the light's PSD at that wavelength by the value of the matching curve at that wavelength, and plot that result for that wavelength on a third curve.
3. We integrate this third curve (essentially, take the area under it). That gives us coordinate value X.
4. We do the same thing as in steps 2 and 3 but with a different matching curve, the "Y matching function" curve. The result is coordinate value Y.
5. We do the same thing as in steps 2 and 3 but with a third matching curve, the "Z matching function" curve. The result is coordinate value Z.
6. The values of X, Y, and Z describe the color of the light under the CIE XYZ color system.
The matching function curves are seen here:
They are identified with the usual formal notation, involving lower case "x", "y", and "z" with an overbar.
Most commonly in normal practice, we separate out from the color description in terms of X, Y, and Z the luminance (which, through some clever work in the part of the CIE wonks, is in fact the value of coordinate "Y") and the chromaticity, which is expressed in terms of the coordinates "x" and "y" (how handy for plotting it!).
An instrument such as this, the Sekonic C-7000, will do that whole thing:
This picture does not show the instrument set to display luminance and (in terms of x and y) chromaticity. This display does show the PSD, determined by the instrument as the first stage of its work.
There are many more fascinating facts about the CIE XYZ color system, but they are beyond the scope of this note.
Best regards,
Now we are talking.
For some part of the human visual system, the function depends on many genes and, possibly, on external factors. Take for example the way humans see at night (an understudied feature of our vision system, but I digress...): our ability to increase sensitivity to light in the rods depends on the availability of rhodopsin, which is derived from vitamin A. Here, two humans will exhibit different ability depending on their diet (and plenty of other things).
But human colour sensitivity depends on very few genes. Actually, out ability to discern colours depends on 3 pigments and each one is encoded on a single gene. The spectral sensitivity of a single cone cell directly depends on the type of molecule that cone uses as a pigment. In turn, each pigment is encoded on a single gene. Therefore, to have different spectral sensitivity one needs different genetics: mutation.
As a consequence, if we consider non-mutant humans (and we must exclude mutations, because most mutations actually make humans more colour-blind), the maximal capacity of differentiating between colours is given by the pigments, which are fixed by genetics. Some people will have poorer abilities, because they are untrained or have poor vision, etc... but nobody can actually see more colours than the pigments can discern.
Hi, Jerome,
Thanks for that contribution.
Best regards,
Thanks for adding a color picture! Do more. My brain needs beautiful color as well as the meat and gravy. Carla is a wonderful start to any sit down meal!
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There's much to chew on here, Doug. I recently took up trying to paint with acrylics and the color wheel was a big part of the preliminary studies. It's remarkable how a thing seemingly so simple at first glance can quickly become something rather complex with use. Your essay is well-timed.
Tom Robbins
West of Lake Michigan, East of Mississippi River
Hi, Tom,
Best regards, and Merry Christmas.
What are the vertical axis units in the P.S.D. function graphs?
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Eigengrau (German: "intrinsic gray", lit. "own gray"; pronounced [ˈʔaɪ̯gn̩ˌgʁaʊ̯]), also called Eigenlicht (Dutch and German: "own light"), dark light, or brain gray, is the uniform dark gray background that many people report seeing in the absence of light. The term Eigenlicht dates back to the nineteenth century,[1] but has rarely been used in recent scientific publications. Nowadays, the phenomenon is more commonly referred to as "visual noise" or "background adaptation".[2]
Eigengrau is perceived as lighter than a black object in normal lighting conditions, because contrast is more important to the visual system than absolute brightness.[3] For example, the night sky looks darker than eigengrau because of the contrast provided by the stars.
Researchers noticed early on that the shape of intensity-sensitivity curves could be explained by assuming that an intrinsic source of noise in the retina produces random events indistinguishable from those triggered by real photons.[4][5] Later experiments on rod cells of cane toads (Bufo marinus) showed that the frequency of these spontaneous events is strongly temperature-dependent, which implies that they are caused by the thermal isomerization of rhodopsin.[6] In human rod cells, these events occur about once every 100 seconds on average, which, taking into account the number of rhodopsin molecules in a rod cell, implies that the half-life of a rhodopsin molecule is about 420 years.[7] The indistinguishability of dark events from photon responses supports this explanation, because rhodopsin is at the input of the transduction chain. On the other hand, processes such as the spontaneous release of neurotransmitters cannot be completely ruled out.
Hi, Asher,
Actually, I don't just now know the unit in which that axis is usually labeled. (And I had wondered, briefly, about that as I fetched that illustrative graph.) And I will find out.
But it is important in any case to first know the nature of that quantity. And important tip is that the full name of what is plotted is the power spectral density of the light of interest. And there is often a misunderstanding about the vertical scale of a density function.
Let's first stipulate for the moment that the distribution of power in our light instance is continuous (that is, does not consist of emission only at discrete wavelengths).
Now, it is tempting to say that, in the PSD curve for some "beam" of light we observe and measure, the value of the curve at, say, 450 nm (exactly) is the amount of power in the beam at that wavelength. But in a continuous distribution of power over some range of wavelengths, the amount of power at exactly any wavelength is zero.
That may at first be startling, but we can be helped in grasping it by this analogy.We have a tapered steel rod about 250 mm long. I choose a location on the rod, say exactly 45 mm from the reference end. How much mass of steel is there in the rod at that location?
Well, there is no steel "at that location". When we talk of a particular location, we mean a region of zero thickness. That is, when we say, "at exactly 45 mm from the reference end", we do not mean a region, for example, that extends from 44.99999 mm to 45.00001 mm. inches. We mean at (only) 45 mm. And a region of zero thickness along the rod contains zero steel.
But what we could say is. "At a distance of 45 mm (exactly) from the reference end, there is 26 g of steel per mm along the length." (We reckon this by taking the limit of the ratio of the mass of steel contained in some small region along the rod, centered on 45 mm, to the length of that region, in the limit as the length of the region approaches zero.)
Now if we plotted that value for the entire length of the rod (it varies along the rod, since the rod is tapered). we would have the mass position density function of the rod.
The dimensionality of the the vertical axis of that graph would be mass per unit distance. And presumably we would label it in the units g/mm.
Now returning to our PSD, we realize that, for a continuous distribution of power over wavelength, at exactly any given wavelength there is no power. But what we can say is, "at 450 nm, there is 0.001 watt per nm of wavelength". (Again, this is defined by a ratio "in the limit as the range of wavelength approached zero".)
Thus the dimensionality of the vertical axis of a true PSD is power per unit wavelength. And the unit might well be watts/nm.
And the total power in the "beam", given by the area under the curve, is in watts (works out well, as we multiply quantities in watts/nm by quantities in nm)!
And in fact, the PSD shown us in a spectrometer should have its vertical axis denominated in watts/nm. (I'll look shortly at the manual for the Sekonic C-7000 to see what is says about that.)
Now, if we take a certain instance of light and attenuate it by differing degrees, we would get different PSD's, the curve having the same shape but differing in vertical scale. And the areas under these curves would differ, because of course the total power in the beam would differ.
Now in describing a standard illuminant, we do not wish to specify a certain total power, only a relative distribution (that is, the shape of its PSD) and so we arbitrarily scale the vertical direction of the graph. We can think of this as "normalizing" the graph.
But to allow a meaningful (and intellectually satisfying) presentation, there is some convention that dictates how the vertical scale is labeled.
For example, we might adopt the convention that the total power in a hypothetical instance of that illuminant is one watt. Then, having stated that, we could again label the vertical axis in the unit watts/nm. But that is clearly not the case here.
So sadly, at this instant in time, I do not actually have the answer to your question. But I expect to have it shortly (perhaps after having been fueled by a decadent yet nourishing Breakfast B), and now we have the background to understand it!
Which of course maybe you had already.
Best regards,
Hi, Asher,
Well, so far I find that the SPD for a given CIE illuminant presented in different places with different sets of numerical labels on the Y axis!
All of these tables and graphs are (so far) seen without any context, so I do not yet have any explanation of the scales.
In any event, the best answer so far to your question is, "These graphs are only meant to present the SPD on a relative basis, so the units are arbitrary."
But their nature (dimensionality) is "power per unit wavelength".
Best regards,
Hi, James,
Re: Eigengrau
Very interesting. Thanks.
Best regards,
Hi, Asher,
Keeping in mind that I have not yet had breakfast, the matter of the units of the CIE SPD's for the various standard illuminants proves elusive. I do not have the definitive CIE document, and I don't plan to buy it (it is quite expensive - CHF 88, I think)).
I do have what seem to be authentic transcriptions of the CIE definitions of a couple of those SPDs (which are in terms of a value for each 5 nm of wavelength). I might have thought that to normalize these SPDs the vertical scale would have been chosen to make the area under the curve (and thus the implied total power) constant, but that does not at all prove out for the examples I have.
For example, if we consider the vertical axis unit to be the foobar, then for Standard Illuminant A the total area under the curve is about 48121 foobar-nm, while for Standard Illuminant D65 the total area under the curve is about 40972 foobar-nm.
But those are in the same neighborhood, so perhaps there is only some subtlety of which I am yet unaware.
I shall press on.
Best regards,
Hi, Asher,
The vertical values of the SPD are indeed "relative", and are normalized so that the value at 560 nm is 100 units!
So, the dimensionality of the vertical axis is power per unit wavelength, but the actual unit is chosen for each SPD so the value at 560 nm is 100 units.
And I didn't even have breakfast yet (but it looms).
I found this in a nice (and concise) discussion of standard illuminants provided by Image Engineering:
But I had guessed it the first time I saw the PSD's for three of the standard illuminants plotted on the same chart!
But it takes we dotards a while to catch on! Especially when yet unfueled.
Best regards,
I take it that we all here are aware that "light" and radiometric power spectra are different beasts especially as regards "what the camera saw". That is to say that, as you know, a third spectrum is involved, the one that provides photo-metric measure.
To a pedant like myself, "light" ends at about 730nm going up and at about 380nm going down.
Slightly off-topic, but I was reminded of that when shooting "full spectrum" (actually about 300 - 1150nm) with a Sigma DSLR. Not having live view, the best recommended exposure mine could offer was that offered by the metering sensor, which is tuned to human vision and therefore recommended gross over-exposure, +2 EV or more depending on UV/IR reflectivity of the scene!
3500K LEDs
3500K, quite a bit more power up in the red area and a lot less blue.
Interesting Doug, especially for someone having at hand a spectrometer system which also handles color measuerements.
Btw about LEDs, Nichia has some modern LEDs with three peaks, which delivers a close to 99% white high quality light. My friend asked me to do the spectral measurements for him, as he was designing / builfing a scientifc lighting system for bug photography.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kds315/ my normal photographic work
http://photographyoftheinvisibleworld.blogspot.com/ my ultraviolet (UV) work
Hi, Klaus,
Thanks for chiming in.
Best regards,
Hi, Ted,
Best regards,
The world imagined by those who have never seen
Hi guys,
Beside your very interesting but hard to read/understand posts, Im tempted to introduce a more «*subjective*» but real aspects about how the colours can be "seen" by those who never saw
It is also a good addition to James' excellent post
It is an article written in French, but for those who find it difficult to understand, I have made a PDF of a Google translation. Not always accurate, but Im sure youll get it
Its a bit long, but the year just starts!
Happy colored New Year to you all!
Get the PDF here
Please do no repost my images elsewhere than OPF without my permission.
It is important to note that we most often, when working with visible electromagnetic radiation, mention the wavelengths involved rather than the frequencies (even though the two have a simple direct relationship, one being the reciprocal of the other).
And consistent with that, when we speak of the power spectral density (PSD) of an instance of radiation, it is customary, to be more thorough with its name, to plot the power spectral wavelength density function as the "spectrum" of the radiation.
Thus the horizontal axis of our plot is wavelength, and the vertical axis is power per unit wavelength.
But when we deal with radiation of lower frequencies (as in work on "radio"), we more often (today) mention the frequency of the radiation (although wavelength is indeed often of great interest). And consistent with that, in that regime, when we speak of the power spectral density (PSD) of an instance of radiation, it is customary, to be more thorough with its name, to plot the power spectral frequency density function as the "spectrum" of the radiation.
Thus the horizontal axis of our plot is frequency, and the vertical axis is power per unit frequency.
Now we might thank that, if we were asked to take the plot of the SPD of an instance of light and change it into the power spectral frequency density function form. We might think that what w need to do is to relabel the axes and perhaps do some sort of scaling of them, to suit the new units.
But there is much more to it than that. For one thing, since frequency is the reciprocal of wavelength, for openers the horizontal axis is reversed between the wavelength spectrum and the frequency spectrum (I will use those short terms for conciseness).
But also, as we move to the right on our frequency spectrum, a unit change in wavelength leads to greater and greater change in frequency. Thus, in a sense, the frequency spectrum plot is increasingly stretched to the right as we go further to the right.
Now our vertical axis was originally in terms of power per unit wavelength, but is now in terms of power per unit frequency. But, again due to the "reciprocal" nature of wavelength and frequency, at the bottom end of our frequency "range" one unit of frequency may correspond to a certain number of units of wavelength, while at the top end of the frequency range, one unit of frequency will correspond to a lesser number of units of wavelength.
The result of this is that as we go to the right on our frequency spectrum, the vertical height of the curve will decline compared to where it was at the corresponding spot on the wavelength spectrum.
Now all this has little to do with our normal adventures in considering the matter of the "spectrum" of light. But those who also deal with the spectrum of radio signals (Will Thompson, for example) could be misdirected by the matter I discuss in this note.
My apologies for not having illuminated this discussion with some illustrations. They are under preparation.
Best regards,
Here are some graphs that should help illustrate the points that I made in my earlier note.
Here we see the plot of the PSD (power spectral density) function of an illustrative (and wholly hypothetical) instance of an electrical signal, presented on a "wavelength" basis.
I chose to cast this as an electrical signal and not electromagnetic radiation so as to dodge the matter of the different "potency" metrics of electromagnetic radiation, such as watts per steradian, watts per steradian per square meter, watts per square meter, and so forth.
The x-axis is wavelength (lower-case lambda), denominated in meters. The range over which our signal contains any power is 100-300 m. Amateur radio enthusiasts and students of the history of radio broadcasting will recognize the neighborhood here: 200 m (a frequency of 1500 kHz) is considered the boundary between the top end of the "broadcast band" (today, we would say the "AM broadcast band") and "short wave". The range 100-300 m then corresponds to the frequency range of 3000-1000 kHz (stating the limits in the matching order)
We see that the SPD (wavelength basis) of this arbitrary, hypothetical signal is constant at 20 mw/m from 100-200 m, and at 30 mw/m from 200-300 m.
If we take the area under the curve, we find that the total power in this signal would be 500 mW (5 W).In the next figure, we have shown the PSD of this same signal on a frequency basis:
We now see that (as expected) the range of frequency within which the signal contains any power is 1000-3000 kHz (now stating the limits in normal order). The vertical axis now shows the PSD of the signal (on a frequency basis) denominated in mW/kHz.
We see two important differences from the wavelength-basis plot:
The point at which the PSD changes abruptly, which was exactly halfway in the range as shown in terms of wavelength, is at only one quarter through of the range in terms of frequency. (This is the same spot in terms of signal frequency, or wavelength.)
We see that the PSD curve, which was flat in each region when using the wavelength basis, now declines over each region as the frequency increases.
By the way, if we were to reckon the area under this curve, we would find that it of course also would indicate that the total power in the signal is 5000 mW.
Quod erat demonstrandum.
Best regards,
Maybe the following paper has its place in this thread:
Looking at Shirley, the Ultimate Norm: Colour Balance, Image Technologies, and Cognitive Equity, by Lorna Roth, Concordia University.
Abstract: Until recently, due to a light-skin bias embedded in colour film stock emulsions and digital camera design, the rendering of non-Caucasian skin tones was highly deficient and required the development of compensatory practices and technology improvements to redress its shortcomings. Using the emblematic Shirley norm reference card as a central metaphor reflecting the changing state of race relations/aesthetics, this essay analytically traces the colour adjustment processes in the industries of visual representation and identifies some prototypical changes in the field. The author contextualizes the history of these changes using three theoretical categories: the technological unconscious (Vaccari, 1981), dysconsciousness (King, 2001), and an original concept of cognitive equity, which is proposed as an intelligent strategy for creating and promoting equity by inscribing a wider dynamic range of skin tones into image technologies, products, and emergent practices in the visual industries.
And, if I may add some personal experience not quite related to colour: in the early 90s, I used a Minolta 9xi. That camera had an advanced meter which used what they called at the time "fuzzy logic" to determine what the subject was from a honeycomb meter:
It worked very well when I shot portraits from fair-skinned subjects. However, subjects from African descent where systematically over-exposed...
Hi, Jerome,
Thanks for that reference (I haven't read the paper yet) and for that anecdote.
One of the "dirty little secrets" of the NTSC broadcast video color encoding scheme is that the details of the I and Q chroma subchannels, with unequal bandwidth allocated to them, were in part predicated on the notion that, from a chromaticity standpoint, the most perceptually-critical task of the system was to reproduce with as much accuracy as possible, given the overall available bandwidth, the chromaticity of Caucasian skin, to which the viewers seen as relevant at the time were particularly sensitive.
Best regards,
Sorry about the vaguity . . .
To show off to newcomers our longstanding and so helpful engineering Mavin, Doug Kerr! Look at selections of his writings here!
See also "NASA's MAVEN Mission @MAVEN2Mars". Twitter.com. Retrieved 7 March 2015. Fittingly, from #Hebrew, via #Yiddish, a "maven" is a trusted expert who understands and seeks to pass knowledge on to others. #MAVEN #Mars
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It is really very nice and amazing to feel it. Thanks for sharing this content.
sunrise Taj Mahal tour || sunset Taj Mahal tour
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ArchWiki talk:Contributing
Jump to navigation Jump to search
More generic title?
How about renaming this article to a more generic title like ArchWiki:Contributing, ArchWiki:Contributions, ArchWiki:Welcome or similar? We can expand this article and make it become the reference page for new contributors.
Please share your thoughts here.
-- Kynikos 07:18, 14 March 2012 (EDT)
- Another option: merging with ArchWiki:About? -- pointone 13:06, 15 March 2012 (EDT)
- Um... I think they have quite different scopes, About answers the questions "Who?", "What?", "Why?", and "How?" (quoted from its summary) while Tasks should answer the more specific questions What can I do to contribute?, Where does ArchWiki need my help?, thus making it useful only for aspiring contributors.
- Then let's remember that ArchWiki:About is the page linked from the "About ArchWiki" link in the footer of every page, which represents the standard "about" link that almost every website has, also being the place where people mainly go looking for contact information: I think its content should be kept to a very minimal amount.
- Honestly I was instead thinking of merging here ArchWiki:Requests#General requests thus using this page to list the tasks (and also some requests, since the meaning can overlap a bit) schematically without discussions, and using Requests only for specific requests and for discussing new ones.
- -- Kynikos 05:56, 16 March 2012 (EDT)
- Another option could be merging this article entirely with ArchWiki:Requests, using ArchWiki talk:Requests for discussing requests and the main page for just a quick summary of what's requested in the talk page; this idea is inspired from what we discussed in ArchWiki_talk:Maintenance_Team#Quick Reports vs. Reports. -- Kynikos 08:38, 17 March 2012 (EDT)
- +1 for Rename it to ArchWiki:Contributing. The meaning of Contributing and request are too far away. Often request means user request a change and then just leave. So I think we can keep the two seperate. But we can make a conclusion in ArchWiki talk:Requests and make out what is changed and what should be done. Something like a junior job section can list easy jobs there. Anyway, the current state of this page (stub,move flag) may scare some new comers away. -- Fengchao (talk) 04:44, 9 August 2012 (UTC)
Easy to start jobs
I haven't understood well your reply from "But we can make..." to "list easy jobs there", however I withdraw my proposal of merging with ArchWiki:Requests. I hope I can find some time soon to help you here :) -- Kynikos (talk) 14:55, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
- An "Easy to start jobs" section is created. So you can see what I really mean. -- Fengchao (talk) 05:46, 28 September 2012 (UTC)
Content must be expanded and rationally organized so as to answer the most common questions of aspiring contributors.
Add prerequest. Such as reading Help:Editing,Help:Style. Add short introduction to doucment list. Introduction to existing translation team. Add simple tasks as junior job section.


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She can't even handle being an extra
Remember when Mischa Barton headlined a tv show? Remember when she decided she could make it in film? Remember when she failed in film but turned down a spot on Gossip Girl? Remember when her new series was cancelled after 5 minutes? Remember when she broke my arm?????
Yeah well Mischa Barton, for all intents and purposes, is now an extra on Law & Order. It's called a "guest starring role" but she's playing a prostitute and if you know at all how L&O works, you know the prostitute is a glorified extra. She has, like, 7 lines. And still she can't manage to hold her sh-t together.
According to Radar Law & Order SVU cast and crew had to stay much longer on Tuesday because Mischa can't act. Take after take. And Mariska Hargitay had to keep prompting her. And Barton kept apologising. She did, however, "look pretty". That's all that matters... I guess...?
Here she is on set all hookered up. That coat though, she was wearing that coat on her own time last week, when she came home from the Burlington Coat Factory... Snort.
So she has to borrow from the wardrobe department now? Or is it the other way around? She's not important enough to provide wardrobe, she has to wear her own clothes? Either way, Mischa Barton is verging on Phoebe Price territory. Oh the f-cking shame.
Photos from Wenn.com and Flynet.com


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General Comments: Futures were higher on follow through speculative buying on Friday, but London and Sao Paulo moved slightly lower yesterday with New York closed. Bulls were not able to force new highs for the week, but it is possible that the markets could rally more this week. Charts show that some lows have been formed in all three markets and still show that all three markets are in short term up trends. Vietnamese producers told wire services over the weekend that they expect sharply lower production for 2013 and that production could drop up to 30%. Current crop development is good this year in Brazil, and production areas are getting beneficial rain for the developing crop. Central America crops are getting harvested, and conditions are called good there. There are widespread reports of rust on the trees and leaves, and Roya has become a big issue as well. It is possible that many Central America and Mexico producers will harvest much less Coffee next year if they are affected by this disease, and many seem to be affected. Costa Rica says the country could lose up to 30% of the crop, and Mexico expects to see a significant impact. Crops in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador have also been affected, but so far crops in Nicaragua seem to show less damage. Colombia is reported to have good conditions.
Overnight News: Certified stocks are higher today and are about 2.606 million bags. The ICO composite price is now 138.87 ct/lb. Brazil should get mostly dry conditions this week and scattered showers and storms this weekend. Temperatures will average near normal. Colombia should get mostly dry conditions, and Central America and Mexico should get mostly dry conditions. Temperatures should average near to above normal. Latin American Washed Coffee exports were 2.25 million bags in December, up 6% from 201. Marketing year to date exports are now 6.14 million bags, up 16% from last year.
Chart Trends: Trends in New York are up with objectives of 158.00, 160.00, and 170.00 March. Support is at 154.50, 151.00, and 149.00 March, and resistance is at 160.00, 162.00, and 164.00 March. Trends in London are up with objectives of 2100 and 2290 March. Support is at 1940, 1930, and 1910 March, and resistance is at 1990, 2000, and 2020 March. Trends in Sao Paulo are up with objectives of 199.00 March. Support is at 187.00, 184.50, and 183.50 March, and resistance is at 193.50, 195.00, and 196.00 March.
General Comments: Futures were mixed, with nearby months a little higher. Bull spreads were featured as the market tries to find some Cotton. The rally started last week after the Chinese government auction failed to sell much out of government supplies. Buyers there were not interested because of poor quality and relatively high prices. The news implied that demand for world Cotton can stay strong as mills in China will still import despite big import fees and taxes. USDA showed strong export sales to help the rally, and good economic data for the U.S. helped the rally, too. The current low prices are bringing into question what farmers in Texas and the Delta and Southeast will plant this year. Some are wondering if planted area might be lower this year here in the US due to weak prices against competing crops. The area lost would go mostly to Corn and Soybeans. Current weather features some precipitation in Delta and Southeast areas, but western Texas was mostly dry. Delta areas will turn dry this week. Ideas are that the market can continue to work higher overall.
Overnight News: The Delta and Southeast will see mostly dry conditions, although a few showers are possible late in the week. Temperatures will average near to above normal this week and near to below normal this weekend. Texas will get dry weather. Temperatures will average near to above normal. The USDA spot price is now 73.71 ct/lb. ICE said that certified Cotton stocks are now 0.105 million bales, from 0.103 million yesterday. Informa estimates US Cotton planted area at 10.3 million acres for the coming year.
Chart Trends: Trends in Cotton are up with no objectives. Support is at 78.00, 77.00, and 76.90 March, with resistance of 79.60, 79.90, and 80.55 March.
Next page: Orange Juice, Sugar and Cocoa


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Drummer/percussionist Hubert Zemler's second solo album with two compositions inspired by electronic music, particularly by works of the ensemble Suaves Figures, recorded in the vaults of the Camaldolese Church in Bielany, Warsaw with Milosz Pekala on vibraphones.
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Label: Bolt
Catalog ID: BR 1025
Squidco Product Code: 22929
Format: CD
Condition: VG+
Released: 2014
Country: Poland
Packaging: Cardboard Gatefold
Recorded at the Camaldolese church in Warsaw, Poland, on Feburary 22nd and 23rd, 2014 by Sebastian Witkowski.
This is a USED (previously owned) item
Hubert Zemler-drums, percussion
Milosz Pekala-vibraphone
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1. Franciszek 11:28
2. Propolis 4:25
3. Variations On A Theme By Suaves Figures - "Figure 7" 3:38
4. DJi 2:59
5. Variations On A Theme By Suaves Figures - "Figure 2" 3:51
6. Gostak & Doshes 12:48
sample the album:
Previously played Squidco store copy, used for cataloging and samples, in excellent condition.
"The album also contains two compositions inspired by electronic music, particularly by works of the ensemble Suaves Figures (Piotr Kurek and Sylvia Monnier). In these pieces, Hubert Zemler transcribed the electronically generated sounds to acoustic instruments, supported by an excellent percussionist Milosz Pekala (Kwadrofonik, Mitch and Mitch, Hob Beats Percussion Group) playing the vibraphone. The material was registered during night recording sessions in the basement of the Camaldolese church in the Bielany district of Warsaw the place of amazing acoustics with Sebastian Witkowski as a sound engineer."-Bolt
"The Oscars have been handed out and it was plain to see that Birdman was well favored - if you enjoyed the movie in particular for Antonio Sanchez' improvised drum soundtrack, I have something else that will appeal to your taste.
The Warsaw-based percussion maverick Hubert Zemler plays drums in a way that similarly captures the imagination. Over the last few years he's collaborated with an array of avant-garde musicians like Arturas Bumsteinas, Kapacitron, Natalia Przybysz and various members of essential Polish music hub Lado ABC. Zemler's second album Gostak & Doshes, published by veteran record label Bôłt, reveals soothing rhythms across a set of profoundly intimate compositions. I've seen the Varsovian play drums live many times and I always admire how he dives into his own reality. He can play out solo improvised sets lasting even half an hour which asks for huge physical agility and meticulous concentration.
As you will notice, Zemler's cinematic music plays with silence making every mistake easy to trace. Fortunately the artist's attention to detail seems to disbar even the possibility of error. Though I find Zemler's solo shows most impressive, on Gostak & Doshes his sound is further enriched by Miłosz Pękala on the vibraphone. The album was recorded in February 2013, interestingly, in the vaults of the Camaldolese Church in Warsaw."- Mateusz Mondalski, Secret Decoder
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Personal Information requested may include your name, your street mailing address, your email address, your telephone number, and other information, including information about your personal or business demographics and your home purchasing preferences. In addition, we may ask you to enter an ID, password or similar data when you access this Site, so we can verify your right to access certain portions of the Site.
We might also obtain Personal Information about you provided to us by your friends, including your name and email address, as this Site allows visitors to the Site to send information about our community to others via email. If you choose to tell a friend about our community, we will ask you for your friend's name and email address. We endeavor to send to your friend such emails. We may elect not to send the email in certain circumstances in our discretion (e.g., if the email contains inappropriate or inaccurate information or content). We store your friends' Personal Information for the purposes of sending these emails, tracking the success of our referral program and promoting our community. Your friend may contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com to request that we remove your friend's Personal Information from our database.
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I'm not usually a huge fan of multicoloured glitterbombs, but I couldn't resist trying out the matte cheerfulness of Girly Bits Jini Goes Indie! I tried to tone it down a bit by using Hello Darling Sage Advice (dark olive) and Essie Da Bush (light olive) for the base.
Verdict? I like it! I wouldn't say I *love* it - the irregular glitters didn't like lying down flat on my nails, and a lot of top coat was required to flatten it out. But it's gone in my "use again soon" drawer.
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Parkinson's disease causes certain brain cells to die. They are the cells that help control movement and coordination. The disease leads to shaking (
Alternative Names
Paralysis agitans; Shaking palsy
Nerve cells use a brain chemical called dopamine to help control muscle movement. With Parkinson's disease, the brains cells that make
Parkinson's disease most often develops after age 50. It is one of the most common nervous system problems in older adults.
- The disease tends to affect men more than women, although women also get the disease. Parkinson's disease sometimes runs in families.
- The disease can occur in younger adults. When a younger person gets Parkinson's, it is often due to that person's genes.
- Parkinson's disease is rare in children.
Symptoms may be mild at first. For instance, you may have a mild tremor or a slight feeling that one leg is stiff and dragging. Symptoms may affect one or both sides of the body.
General symptoms may include:
- Problems with balance and walking
- Rigid or stiff muscles
Muscle achesand pains
- Low blood pressure when you stand up
- Stooped posture
- Sweating and not being able to control your body temperature
- Slow blinking
- Difficulty swallowing
- Drooling
- Slowed, quieter speech and monotone voice
- No expression in your face (like you are wearing a mask)
Movement problems may include:
- Difficulty starting movement, such as starting to walk or getting out of a chair
- Difficulty continuing to move
- Slowed movements
- Loss of small hand movements. Your writing may become small and difficult to read.
- Difficulty eating
Symptoms of shaking (tremors):
- Usually occur when your limbs aren't moving; this is called resting tremor
- Occur when your arm or leg is held out
- Go away when you move
- May be worse when you are tired, excited, or stressed
- Can cause you to rub your finger and thumb together without meaning to (called pill-rolling tremor)
- Eventually may occur in your head, lips, tongue, and feet
Other symptoms may include:
Anxiety, stress, and tension
Dementia Depression
- Fainting
- Memory loss
Exams and Tests
Your health care provider may be able to diagnose Parkinson's disease based on your symptoms and a physical exam. But the symptoms can be hard to pin down, particularly in older adults. Symptoms are easier to recognize as the illness gets worse.
The examination may show:
- Difficulty starting or finishing a movement
- Jerky, stiff movements
Muscle loss
- Shaking (tremors)
- Changes in your heart rate
- Normal muscle reflexes
Your doctor may do some tests to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
There is no cure for Parkinson's disease. However, treatment can help control your symptoms.
Your health care provider will prescribe medicines to help control your shaking and movement symptoms. These drugs work by increasing dopamine in your brain.
At certain times during the day, the medicine often wears off and symptoms can return. If this happens, your health care provider may need to change the:
- Type of medicine
- Dose
- Amount of time between doses
- How the medicine is taken
You may also need to take medicines to help with:
- Mood and thinking problems
- Pain relief
- Sleep problems
Parkinson's medicines can cause severe side effects. They may include:
- Confusion
- Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Tell your doctor right away if you have these side effects. Never change or stop taking any medicines without talking with your doctor. Work with your doctors and other providers to find a treatment plan that works for you.
As the disease gets worse, symptoms such as stooped posture, frozen movements, and speech problems may not respond to the medicines.
Surgery may be an option for some people. Surgery does not cure Parkinson's disease, but may help ease symptoms. Types of surgery include:
Deep brain stimulation. This involves placing electric stimulators in areas of the brain that control movement.
- Surgery to destroy brain tissue that causes Parkinson's symptoms.
- Stem cell transplant and other procedures are being studied.
- Stay healthy by eating a healthy diet and not smoking.
- You may need to make changes in what you eat or drink if you have
swallowing problems.
- Speech therapy can help you adjust to changes in your swallowing and speech.
- Stay active as much as possible when you feel good. Don't overdo it when your energy is low.
- Rest as needed during the day and avoid stress.
- Physical therapy and occupational therapy can help you be independent and reduce the risk of falls.
- Place handrails throughout your house to help
prevent falls. Place them in bathrooms and along stairways.
- Where needed, use assistive devices to make movement easier. These may include special eating utensils, wheelchairs, bed lifts, shower chairs, and walkers.
- Social workers or other counseling services can help you and your family cope with the disorder. They can also help you get outside help, such as Meals on Wheels.
Support Groups
Outlook (Prognosis)
Medicines can help most people with Parkinson's disease. How well medicines relieve symptoms and for how long can be different in each person.
If not treated, the disorder gets w
orse until a person is totally disabled. Parkinson's disease may lead to a deterioration of all brain functions and an early death.
Possible Complications
- Difficulty performing daily activities
- Difficulty swallowing or eating
- Disability (differs from person to person)
- Injuries from falls
Pneumoniafrom breathing in saliva
- Side effects of medications
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if:
You have symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Symptoms get worse
New symptoms occur
If you take medicines for Parkinson's disease, tell your health care provider about any side effects, which may include:
Changes in alertness, behavior or mood
Delusional behavior
Involuntary movements
- Loss of mental functions
- Nausea and vomiting
- Severe confusion or disorientation
Also call your health care provider if the condition gets worse and home care is no longer possible.
Related:Eating extra calories when you are sick – adults, Swallowing problems , Walking abnormalities, Muscle cramps, Secondary parkinsonism, Catecholamines – blood, Dementia


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Find the perfect hotel in Gonzales using our hotel guide provided below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Gonzales, TX for your upcoming personal or group travel. We show the best Gonzales, Texas motel and hotel rooms. Browse the Gonzales area hotels to find the perfect lodging! Please use the provided map of the Gonzales hotels. Coordinating a group? Get Gonzales Group Hotel Deals
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Edino necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 107 diseños de 28 diseñadores freelance.
Edino (Embedded Devices and Innovations)
Edino stands for "Embedded Devices and Innovations" and is an Engineering Agency that provides custom software applications, with or without intelligent electronics.
Embedded Devices or Embedded Systems is a widely used term for electronics that are incorporated in the device itself and provides some intelligence, for example the electronics in a car, airbag control, ABS; or things like PDA; Mobile etc.
The software department of Edino provides business applications, websites as well as firmware for microcontrollers. The hardware mainly consists of microcontrollers and their peripherals like networking capabilities, sensors and actuators.
Some words that characterize the business:
High Tech, electronics, state of the art technology, innovating, rapid prototyping, (non)-technical stakeholders, industrial automation, flexibility and dynamic.
Our largest group of clients can be described as small/medium businesses that require technical automation, industrial automation, ICT automation.
Clients that require applications on their websites or mobile phone.
We are looking for a new logo that fits the company profile.
Our main corporate values are reliability, structure in the delivered work, focus on modularity of components and also determined to succeed with the help of innovative ideas. Last but not least, professional!
We like to see logos with different kind of blue coloring, since the color blue stands for trust. Other secondary colors can be chosen by the designer. It is preferred that a part of the logo can be used as a favicon for the future website; minimalistic design that does not have many fancy features. We also prefer (but do not require) that the subscription "Embedded Devices and Innovations" is incorporated in the logo design.
The files we will require are:
• Full color .psd file (RGB) for Adobe Photoshop with the separate layers that were used
• Vector Image for photoshop
• And jpg file for a website
If we choose your logo (at payment) the rights of the logo design will be transferred to Edino.
We want a professional looking logo for a serious business, so no cartoons or too fancy fonts. No clip-art. Besides the logo must be unique thus not too much like others in our field.
Remark: since we are a Dutch company we will mainly comment the designs during the afternoon (time zone (GMT+01:00) Amsterdam, Berlin, Rome).
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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妙心寺退蔵院 夜間特別拝観2 Night Illuminations Tour2 2015/4/12(日)
<<English follows Japanese>>
- Description
You will not want to miss this great opportunity. Experience a memorable evening of spectacular displays as hidden lights transform their garden into a wonderland. Take a quiet walk through Japanese Pond Garden to take in the wondrous illuminations and enjoy unique Zen Buddhist cuisine dinner that is specially prepared for this event. Join the tour for exclusive access to Zen Buddhist monk, who will guide you around private Buddha Hall and show you Dry Landscape Garden. You will be experiencing and discovering unique Japanese culture.
Note: You are required to take off your shoes twice in the course of the tour.
- Information
• Check in at Taizo-in Zen Buddhist Temple Ticket Office at 6:50 pm
• Tour starts at 7:00 pm and ends at 8:30 pm (Entrance gate at Taizo-in is closed until 6:50 pm)
- Food
Unique Zen Buddhist cuisine dinner that is specially prepared for this by Michelin-starred Zen Buddhist cuisine restaurant "Ajiro"
Once booking is made, fees will not be refunded in case of cancellation. Please check the date carefully and enter the correct number of participants when making your reservation.
- Venue
- Tickets
夜間特別拝観プラン2 Night Illuminations Tour2 SOLD OUT ¥5,000
- Venue Address
- 京都市右京区花園妙心寺町35 Japan
- Directions


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Sunday, 16 May 2010
Celebrity infographics
Celebrity infographics on TV
A cracking editorial decision by John Mullin, editor of the recently redesigned Independent on Sunday to question the Lib-Con coalition government and its "deep, deep splits on the environment"
The front page headline reads:
"Do blue and yellow really make green?"
Sometimes infographics and design transcend the usual "fill the square, headline and tick the box" journalism
Art Directed Colin Wilson and Graphics Editor Cath Levett produced the front page
Not simply asking the question
But showing the answer
Visuals and information
Brave judgement for a front page and editing with impact
Enough impact to make the Andrew Marr show on TV earlier this morning
Editorial caviar!
For the record the IoS has posted the biggest month-on-month sales increase, 8.99pc, and an 18.9pc rise in paid-for circulation in its sector
Posted by Michael Agar at 19:21
Labels: andrew marr, bbc, cath levett, colin wilson, independent on sunday, john mullin, lib-con coalition
1 comment:
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text:
Explode tree
Collapse tree
Ingredients: Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephalal, Poria cocos, Citrus reticulata, Pinellia ternata, Glycyrrhiza, Jujuba fruit, Ginger
Direction: 8 pills a time, 3 times a day
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Content Copyright Mount Spring International


text:
There's never been a better time
to apply to Otterbein University.
Apply online today!
The Master of Arts is for licensed teachers (current or expired) who are seeking to earn a master's degree and add licensure in special education. Teachers seeking a master's degree and licensure as an intervention specialist complete a full program which includes core coursework, specialization classes in special education, and a research capstone.
Candidates may choose to take the coursework for adding this licensure without obtaining the MAE through our non-degree licensure program.. Core coursework is not as extensive in this option and the research capstone is not required.
The program is designed to be part-time with classes offered at convenient times and some online coursework. For students who have the necessary prerequisites and begin in the summer, the program can be completed by the end of the following summer. If you choose to obtain your MAE, you will need additional time for your capstone research. If your original licensure area is in AYA or Multi-Age, you may need 3-4 additional reading courses.
The Intervention Specialist license can be earned in two areas; mild/moderate or moderate/intensive. Students can choose one or both licensure areas.
K. Daniel Cho, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Director of Graduate Programs
p/ 614.823.1452
e/ email@example.com
Otterbein University, 1 South Grove Street, Westerville, OH 43081 614.890.3000
Otterbein University is a private, non-profit, United Methodist affiliated, regionally-accredited institution.
© 2019 Otterbein University. Otterbein University is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer


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Internist & Hematologic Oncologist
Chair, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Chair
- Locations
- Phone
About Me
- Clinical Expertise: Leukemias; New Drug Development
- Languages Spoken: English
- Education: MD, Johns Hopkins Medical School
- Residencies: University of California, San Francisco
- Fellowships: University of California, Los Angeles
- Board Certifications: Internal Medicine; Medical Oncology; Hematology
Visit PubMed for a full listing of Charles L. Sawyers' journal articlesPubmed is an online index of biomedical articles maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
Clinical Trials
As home to one of the world's top cancer research centers, Memorial Sloan Kettering is typically involved in more than 900 clinical trials at a given time. Currently, clinical trials focused on the conditions I treat are enrolling new patients. If you're interested in joining a clinical trial, click to learn about the trial's purpose, eligibility criteria, and how to get more information.Learn more
Most major health insurers offer plans that include MSK as one of their in-network providers. If MSK is in-network, it means all our doctors are too. Medicare and New York State Medicaid also provide benefits for care at MSK.Learn more