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Difference between revisions of "Almaty"
Revision as of 14:41, 28 November 2012
Almaty [4] is the former capital of Kazakhstan, located in Almaty Province.
Almaty is the former capital of Kazakhstan, and is still its largest city. Being a financial and cultural center of Central Asia, Almaty boasts moderately-sized tourist and expatriate communities.
On a clear day you can see the beautifully rugged, snow capped mountains, right at the city's doorstep to the south. The city, in general, slopes from south to north which makes navigating the streets easy. If you are traveling uphill, you're going south. There is also a small mountain range bordering the city to the east.
Almaty is in the top 50 most expensive cities worldwide for expats to live in according to Mercer Human Research. Although Almaty dropped from 30th place in 2007 to 44th in 2008, it's still more expensive than Toronto, Los Angeles or Hamburg. Nevertheless, it is a wonderful gateway to this undiscovered and distinctive country. Kazakh people are very kind and welcoming, and you will be pleasantly surprised by the hospitality.
Get in
By air
For people from most countries, the easiest way to get to Kazakhstan is by air. Several airlines have regular flights into Almaty, including the low-cost carrier airBaltic from Riga, Lufthansa, CSA, Etihad Airways, KLM, bmi and Turkish Airlines, (twice daily) to name a few. It's roughly a 7-8 hour flight from Europe. Air Astana, with a fairly modern fleet of Airbuses and Boeings, has direct flights from major European cities such as London, Frankfurt and Amsterdam, and is a comfortable and reasonably priced alternative to the European airlines. Easy connections from Almaty include Moscow, London Heathrow, Amsterdam, Abu Dhabi, Bangkok, Istanbul, Seoul, Beijing, Hong Kong, Delhi,Tehran IKA and Dubai with direct flights.
Visas must be obtained in advance of arrival, as they are no longer available on arrival at the airport, (unless you are arriving from a country that has no consulate, and that type of plane-side visa usually needs to be coordinated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at least one week in advance).
The airport is small, and sometimes several flights depart around the same time, meaning shocking queues and waits for no apparent reason. Be early, and expect delays to your flight. Lots of departures from Almaty end up leaving a bit late, but most arrivals are pretty timely.
A taxi from the airport to the city costs about $20-25 (3000-3500 Tenge.)You can also take a bus to the center, which starts at 7AM and costs 80 Tenge. The best is to ask at the airport information booth to order you a cab (it will be about a 10 minute wait for one to arrive), which they will, and it will cost you half the price of getting one outside the airport (1200 Tenge).
Check-in desks open around 3 hours before flight departure and you are not permitted into the check-in area until the desks for your flight have opened.
By train
There are two railway stations, Almaty-1 and Almaty-2. Almaty-2 is located in the city centre, Almaty-1 is cca 4 km from the centre. Most trains end at Almaty-2, but some lower-class trains end at Almaty-1.
From Russia
There are many direct trains between Russia and Kazakhstan. Train 8 goes from Moscow to Almaty, and departs from Kazanski Station. The trip takes about 82 hours, with stops in Saratov, Uralsk, Aktobe, Turkestan, and Shymkent on the way.
From Urumqi, China
The N895 train leaves every Saturday and Monday night (23:58 Beijing time) direct to Almaty. To buy the ticket in Urumqi the office is in the Yaou Hotel to the right of the main station. Tickets need to purchased a few days in advance and cost around ¥870 (about US$110).
Ticket sale for the Saturday train starts on Monday 10am, for the Monday train it starts Friday 10am. The train on Saturday is very busy, while for the train on Monday it is possible to purchase the ticket on the same day. There will always bee free seats in the train so you may enter the train directly at the Chinese side of the border after buying the ticket there the same day (July 2010).
Organizing the Kazakh visum in Urumqi takes at least 5 (July 2010) working days.
The trip takes 34 hours, eight of which are spent clearing Chinese and Kazakh immigration. Taking the bus or flying are better options if you are in a hurry.
By bus
From China
Sleeper buses leave from Urumqi at 6pm every day of the week except Saturday and take approximately 24 hours to arrive in Almaty (November 2008: only buses on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7pm). Tickets for a lower bed are Y420, upper beds are Y400, and a berth in the back bed of the bus is Y380. Buses depart from the international branch of the Nianzigou Bus Station (碾子沟客运站), which is located about 50 meters to the left of the main Nianzigou station (if facing the front of the station) on the other side of the Wenshabao (温莎堡) building. Beware that the crossing at Korgas (霍尔果斯) closes on Chinese national holidays (including the first week of October for National Day).
Buses also leave from Yining and it takes about 10 hours to go to Almaty. They cost USD 30 or Y150. These buses leave two or three times in a week, ask the busdrives in Yining when they will go. You could also take a bus to Korgas from Yining (Y30 - Y38) and go to Kazakhstan by foot from Korgas. After being on the other side of the border you could take a taxi which will cost about 3000 Tenge to go to Almaty. The trip from Korgas to Almaty is about 4 to 6 hours. The city of Tacheng city (north of Korgas and north of Yining) also has buses that run several times a week to Almaty and back.
From Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Minibusses travel to Almaty Sairan station from Bishkek's western bus station, and cost about 400 som/1300 kzt and take up to 5 hours depending on how long the Kyrgyz/Kazakh border crossing takes. Enter the station in Bishkek and look for the minibus bay with Almaty written above it. They go when they fill up, so expect to wait about 20 minutes or so after arriving. Just get on and take a seat and payment occurs when the bus is full and about to leave.
The trip to the Kazakh border does't take long from Bishkek and when you arrive you must get out and take your luggage through the border crossing yourself. Each passenger and the minibus must clear the border individually, and hopefully he will still be waiting for you on the other side when you complete the ordeal. Unless you individually experience a major delay it is likely the minibus will wait for you. Once through the border crossing, the minibus will stop again after an hour for a rest stop at a gas station.
Kyrgyz/Kazakh border crossing
The border crossing involves several lengthy, disorganised queues which frequently see large groups of people skipping to the front of the queue claiming young children or infirmity as an excuse. Forget any queuing etiquete and do your best to stand your ground. The border crossing begins with clearing the Kyrgyz immigration. If you're a non Kazakh/Kyrgyz national you simply have to go and present your passport to a man who resides in a room behind a mirrored door at the back of the first building you come across - you can either skip the scrum of people and try to walk around to the back of the building and knock on the mirrored door behind the immigration booths, or you can line up and have the man at the immigration booth point you through to the door.
Once through the Kyrgyz immigration point you must enter Kazakhstan, and at this point the scrum of people becomes even more intense as you are lined up through a green cage or sorts, although it doesn't seem to apply to everyone as large groups of people will attempt to skip to the head of the queue by waiting outside the end of the green fenced area. Once at the end of the green cage area, there is a larger area where you line up into three queues, one of which is let go at a time into the area with immigration booths. Once into the Kazakh immigration booth area, grab an immigration form and fill it out while you line up at one of the booths. Expect a lot of standing around, pushing, yelling and queue jumping.
The new number for the OVIR is 87272-544132.
Get around
Remember that the mountains outside of town are critical to direction. When someone tells you to head "up," they are telling you to head towards the mountains. When someone tells you to head "down," they are telling you to head away from the mountains. It is very easy to get around Almaty, since most of the roads are either parallel or ortogonal to each other. The destinations are usually determined by intersections like in New York. Therefore, for instance, if you know that Kazakhstan Hotel is located in intersection of Abaya street and Dostyk street, local people will be able to help you out with ease.
By metro
Central Almaty benefits from the new underground system launched on 1 December 2011 [5]. It is comprehensive, boasts some great architecture, and is relatively cheap. There is only one metro line consisting of the following stations (Alatau, Auezov Drama Theatre, Baikonur, Abay, Almaly, Zhibek Zholy and Raiymbek batyr). The second line is under construction, which will reach more remote parts of the city.
As of December 2011, a single trip costs KZT80 (USD0.54). Payment does not depend on the length of the trip. The tickets (plastic yellow coin tokens) are currently sold at manned booths within the stations ("kassa") only.
There are no day tickets or similar offers tailored to visitors, but for those who do use Metro really often and for an extended period of time, there is a rechargeable unlimited trips smart-card (small refundable deposit is required), which can be recharged for a period up to 3 months. However, if you lose it, you will not get any refund or replacement.
The Metro is open from 6 am through midnight. The Metro is safe and guarded by police at all times.
By trams, buses and trolleys
There is an extensive network [6] of buses and trolleybuses in the city. The trams lines are limited and serve only specific areas of Almaty. The fare is universal – KZT 80 as of October 2012. You need to put coins inside a dedicated machine inside every vehicle or pay the conductor when exiting.
By taxi
There are both official and informal taxis. Official taxis can be booked in advance and normally show up quite soon. The fare difference between official and unofficial taxis may vary up to 3 times. Just raise your hand and a car will eventually stop. You should negotiate the price and direction in advance. Normally the fare varies from KZT200 to KZT1000, depending on the remoteness of the area. These are really efficient, and although it takes a bit of getting used to, it is the perfect solution to getting around. nevertheless, single travellers should be aware of mugging late at night. Avoid cars with more than one male occupant at night. Usually a car will stop within 30 seconds to 3 minutes of having your hand out. If the driver does not wish to drive to your destination, no problem. The next one will stop a minute or two after. You will need the name of your destination street and the nearest cross street, in Russian, in order to get to where you want to go. Very few people speak or understand even basic English. It is necessary to have small money. Usually drivers avoid giving change, so it is better to have the exact amount in hands.
Almaty is surrounded by mountains and, weather permitting, there is some fantastic hiking. See above for getting to Medeu, from where you can hike, or get the cable car to Chimbulak, where you can find good hiking.
There is also good hiking around the Big Almaty Lake area up in the mountains (the lake is at 2,500m and there are peaks overlooking it, some of them above 4,500). The lake and surrounding area are beautiful. The lake freezes in the winter and in the autumn it is a stunning turquoise blue colour. You can reach the area by:
You can also hike up above the lake to the Observatory.
If you know English and do not have a guide-interpreter in Almaty, then you can buy Pogulay, an indispensable guidebook to the city which is printed in English and Russian and sold at newsstands. It is priced at $3 US and covers all the attractions, including photos and descriptions.
As of 12 September 2012, $1 equals about 150 tenge and 1 Euro is 200 tenge. As a comparison: a Snickers bar is 80 tenge; a can of Coke is 70 tenge; a cheese pizza at il Patio is about 1200 tenge; a cinema ticket for a movie is about 1000 tenge; a small trip about 10 minutes in length in a taxi - 300-400 tenge; cigarettes 50-150 tenge; vodka 500+ tenge, beer 500ml 120+ tenge, a litre of juice is around 150 tenge. Beef is 900-1500 tenge a kilo, pork 800 tenge a kilo, horse meat 1500 tenge a kilo. A loaf of bread is 40-70 tenge. A 2 bedroom modern apartment is about $1000 a month. Clothing is expensive unless buying knock-offs at Baraholka. Green Market is relatively expensive.
Many of shopping centers and malls are scattered throughout the city.
Pizza restaurants
Individual restaurants
What to eat
"Five fingers", a traditional Kazakh food. "Beshbarmak", a stew with leaves of noodles and pieces of lamb. "Baurzaki", heavy, spongy bread dough cooked in deep fat (similar to a donut, but not sweet). "Plov", a rice dish with meat and carrots or other vegetables. "Shashlik" (Russian: Шашлык) is the most tasty Kazakh food. It is a kebab that is made out of chicken or lamb. Shashlik is not fried, but is grilled over saxaul. Shashlik is popular throughout this part of Central Asia. You can also easily find "doner kebab" or "shaurma" at any number of stands through the city. Just be sure to use the stands with the most customers – it is often the best food, and it is freshly prepared.
Almaty has many modern supermarkets, offering everything from a bakery section to toiletries and vodka. Any food you could possibly want to find is readily available. There are four major supermarket chains: Ramstore, SM-Market, Gros and City. And plenty of single supermarkets and small local grocery shops.
Chain called "Gros" (really) has convenient locations around town and a good selection of drinks and snacks. Ramstore also has at least three locations, but is a bit pricier. The favorite stores among locals are Stolichni (Ablai Khan and Kabanbai Batyr) - super helpful staff and decent fruits/vegetables year around, but vegetable prices are very expensive. Dastarkhan (Gogolya Street between Ablai Khan and Furmanova) has excellent baked goods, especially cakes and cookies. Silk Way City (Tole Bi and Nauryzbai Batyr) shopping center has a supermarket in the ground floor.
Of course, if you really want to save money and enjoy an adventure, go to the Green Market and bargain with the old ladies selling Korean salads, apples, eggplants, cheese, honey, and even arucola and rosemary sprigs!
Stay safe
Almaty enjoys a relatively low crime rate and is, generally, a safe place to travel. Although theft and confidence tricks are common. Be careful of overly freindly strangers or unregistered taxi drivers (you may find two or three at the end of your journey demanding 5 times the agreed value). Use common sense at night, particularly on Friday and Saturday when the youth hit the streets to get drunk and in some unfortunate cases look for trouble. You should abstain from any arguments with locals, otherwise you may end up in the hospital. Kazakh people are extremely friendly and welcoming towards foreigners and nothing should happen to you unless you really want it yourself. If you don't care about them, they don't care about you and nothing should be in your way of having a great holiday! Never try to go to places which you don't trust or don't know about, unless you have a local person with you to help out on the language.
Racism is a generally of very minor concern. The average visitor, though, is highly unlikely to encounter any problems. You must be always respectful to the country and locals. In this case, you will feel comfortable with anyone.
Center streets such as Furmanov st, Abay st, Zheltoksan st, Dostyk st, Abylay Khan st are strictly regulated and constantly monitored by police officers, while video cameras are installed on 70% of city crossroads. Although there are some Kazakh drivers, who reveal their aggressiveness on the roads. Therefore, it is always better to take great care when crossing the roads.
In case of emergency
In case of emergency, please call "101" (Fire services), "102" (Police), "103" (Ambulance), "104" (Gas Service), "112" (Rescue service in emergency situations).
Get out
Nearby Chimbulak is a skiing village. There are a number of ski resorts in the area.
There are the gorgeous Tian-Shan mountains and lakes around Almaty, the most famous of which is the beautiful Big Almaty Lake.
There is a nearby desert park with a giant canyon (Charyn Canyon), although it does not approach the Grand Canyon in size. It also has petroglyphs and waterfalls.
If travelers have several days to spend (and are craving a beach experience), Lake Balkhash, the largest lake in the nation, can be reached by bus within 12 hours or private car within 8 hours. Lake Balkhash is half fresh (the eastern half where the river enters from China) and half salt (the western half). There are a couple of 2-star hotels in the village of Balkhash, which is the half-way point between Almaty and Astana if you want to drive 800 km instead of flying or taking the train.
The Tamgaly petroglyphs, a UNESCO site, are about 2-1/2 hours away by car (on the road to Bishkek). The petroglyphs range from ancient (3,000 years) to "modern" (75 years), and feature pictures of the Sunman and hunting nomad tribes. There are also several grave sites. Not to be missed in the spring, summer, or fall, but watch out for snakes when it's hot!
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, is a 3-1/2 hour drive away on the best highway in Kazakhstan (pot holes are rare and you can keep a 100km pace easily after leaving the Almaty oblast, but watch out for crazy oncoming passers). You can catch a taxi to Bishkek at "Sayran" international coach station. Approach a group of cars with Kyrgyz number plates and negotiate the price in advance. As of 19 January 2009, the average fare is KZT2,500-3,000 per person. It is definitely worth the drive if you have a day or so to spend. You'll wind along the foot of the Tien Shan range through incredible landscape created by young volcanoes. Most of the "local" felt goods and rugs sold in Almaty come from tribes in Kyrgyzstan, and can be bought for a quarter of the cost in Kyrgyzstan. Make it into a two-day excursion and stop at Tamgaly petroglyphs on the way from or the return trip to Almaty.


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Yesterday posted PR from SRAM about Hydro Disc and Cyclocross on G+. That post and story reminded of riding with Todd Wells on a bike path in Colorado earlier this summer. After I caught up to him, we discussed CX, the new Crux, and Hydro Disc. The video was shot with Glass. Before Cross starts for us during Interbike next week at CrossVegas, I rode the Crux on gravel near Sun Valley.
Meanwhile, the season has started in Seattle with Starcrossed where Page and Powers are racing, as well as all the privateers from Seattle and Portland.

subset: commoncrawl


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This is Drummer. He's a spunky guy with personality to spare. And such a lover. Although we have guessed his age at around 1 1/2, Drummer is still a kitten at heart, and loves nothing more then to play, play, play. Your shoulder is his favorite place to be. He came into JARM as a stray, but obviously had lots of hands on (from humans) at one time. For more information on Drummer, call 726-7799 or go to www.JARMission.org.
Sabrina is a shy girl who is just waiting for the right person or family to come along and get her "out and about." She is only 3 years old and her gorgeous golden coat makes her a real MVP (most valuable pup). For more information on Sabrina or any of the animals at the Hilton Head Humane Association please call 681-8686 or go to www.hhhumane.org.
Lovely Sarah is a 5-month-old spayed female and very affectionate. She will be a medium size dog. Go to www.maranathafarm.org or call 816-6676 for details.
Meet Apollo - his name serves him well. Apollo has overcome a lot at such an early age. After being born into poverty and abandoned, he came to PAL with his litter mates only to be stuck down with Parvo. Surviving Parvo meant he was malnourished and his bones and muscles were growing awkwardly, and in addition to that, his skin started to fall off. Through it all, this little pit puppy wagged his tail and smiled. Today he is strong and growing every day. He is neutered and current on his vaccines and parasite control. You can meet Apollo at the Adoption Center Monday through Saturday from noon-7 p.m. For more information call 843-645-1725 or email email@example.com.
Blanche was obviously well loved at one time so she is anxious to find a loving home once again. She is a wonderful girl with eyes of gold and a heart to match. For more information, call Brooke's Haven Animal Rescue at 757-7387 or visit the haven from 8 a.m.-6 p.m. Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-1 p.m. Saturday and 2-4 p.m. Sunday at 25 Buck Island Road.
The following are Noah's Arks Rescue guests looking for a forever home. They are spayed/neutered, house- and crate-trained, vaccinated and micro-chipped. Call 843-540-6755 for more info and read more about them at www.noahs-arks.net. Noah's Arks Rescue holds adoption fairs at Petco in Bluffton from 2-6 p.m. Fridays and beginning today from 11 a.m.-2 p.m. on the second and fourth Sundays and from noon-4 p.m. on first and third Sundays.
Gideon is a 3- to 4-year-old American Bulldog/Pitbull mix. The police did a dog fighting raid and found him emaciated and in terrible condition. We took him into our care to save his life. He is now a healthy and beautiful dog. He could still be a little shy, but loves people and is happy as a dog can be. He loves other balanced dogs. He will be tested with our adopters and their family and family pets to make sure everybody gets along well. He is looking for the family who loves him and makes him feel safe and protected. Call Noah's Arks Rescue at 843-540-6755.
Linus is a 9-month-old Lab/Pit Bull mix that was picked up as a stray with terrible burns across the top of his back. One thing is for sure, this is one sweet dog. He is a wiggly little one that wants to play now that he is out of pain. He will make a wonderful member of the family for anyone with other dogs and kids. He is young and loves to run and play. Call Noah's Arks Rescue at 843-540-6755.
Sam is a 2-year-old Labrador. He was rescued after being attacked by a much larger dog. Poor Sam was almost starved to death. He has either been used as bait prior to this fight or has been attacked before because he has lots of old bite marks around his neck. Sam is incredibly sweet and loving and just wants someone to protect and love him. He loves everyone. He would make a wonderful Therapy Dog. He is gentle, kind and compassionate to everyone. Call Noah's Arks Rescue at 843-540-6755.
Ozzie is a sweet, older dog who has been subjected to a life of sheer horror. He is a 10-plus-year-old, blind Cocker that was abandoned behind a shopping center in Decatur, Ga., in an old wire kennel. He was in the kennel with the remains of another cocker. The other cocker had been dead for some time and had begun to decompose. This sweet dog deserves a life without suffering and a place where someone is looking after him. He doesn't even know what it feels like to be free and loved. Ozzie is a healthy senior looking for the perfect couch to rest his head. He gets along with other dogs and loves people. He doesn't like cats. Call Noah's Arks Rescue at 843-540-6755.
Romeo is a 4-year-old Boxer mix and rescued by us out of a hoarding situation. He was the worst victim. He was chained in a nasty backyard with dirty water and hardly any food. He showed all signs of neglect but still was the friendliest dog ever. He is a little shy at first but loves people and other balanced dogs. He will be tested with our adopters and their family and family pets to make sure everybody gets along well. He needs lots of TLC so he learns that he is safe and has to worry about nothing. Call Noah's Arks Rescue at 843-540-6755.


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If you add acid to glyc byproduct to give FFA layer,Glycerol layer,and salt layer,has anyone done anything with the glycerol layer-for example if you check and adjust to make sure the pH is 7 and maybe add some EDTA could it be considered as automotive antifreeze?
I do not see why not-anyone any experience of this or similar?
I have split byproduct, the biggest problem is the salt(sulfate) which seems to stay in the glycerol/water. This might not be a problem as they use salts in anti-freeze as a pH buffer, I don't know which salts are okay though.
Drying the glycerol/water causes the salt to drop out but drying is difficult. If you distilled the glycerol you would get rid of the impurities, but that is also difficult. The pure product has many uses but is probably a bit to valuable to use as anti freeze.
I used strait glycerin byproduct in my deep freeze water setup for my recovery condenser.
I added 4 cubies of glycerin to the 4X3' freezer that was half full of water. It gets a crust of ice on top if I let the freezer go for 2 full days without using it but the water/glycerin mix still flows well. It covers the hoses and uninsulated tee's on my condenser with about a 1/16" of frost that remains there even after running for a 3+ hour WBD recovery...
Not very scientific I know but it definitely lowers the freezing point of the water...
Just dont use the glycerin from a push/pull or WBD like I did at first as it is full of soap and will foam like crazy.
Good luck!
Simple schematic for a pump and heater control with a high limit
Sensor for the biodiesel/glycerin layer
Thanks for the replies-Like your method for the super cooled condenser water Jon-that would make some wine/beer chiller-a crate at a time(or more)!
I think I'm going to try and split the glyc first-from all my pre-treat stuff my glyc must be full of soap,so I can probably get some FFA to mess about with into the bargain(turbo glyc logs?).The isolated glycerol I will try and neutralize and filter the excess sodium sulphate out(assuming I use sulphuric).Then if I can dry it a bit,more sulphate may drop out-filter again-seems sodium sulphate is considered pretty inert anyway(used in some industrial process to get water out of organic liquids-interesting)Anyway let you know what occurrs.
Has anyone tried acid estrifying the FFA following splitting of the glyc byproduct layer, to make yet more bio from a waste?. When i split the byproduct i had far more ffa's than pure glyc. about 4:1 might be a bit wasteful on the H2SO4, whats the best way to work out how much is needed, i just kept adding it to my sample untill the FFA and glyc layers stopped getting deeper, not the most scintific approach but then it was just an experiment.. Also i'd imagine water production during estrification might be a problem premiturly stalling the reaction, any one found a good way to remove just the water content while etrifying? I thought i'd found a good way with electrolysis but then found it would also strip the hydrogen out of the methanol as well as the water! not so good.
VW Passat 2.0 TDI with a BKP engine 86,000 miles on B100 and not going strong. Bio-diesel broke oil pump drive shaft! ..No oil pressure, dead turbo.
Cineman I have tried making bio out of FFA, it wasn't very successful because of the water. I was getting some conversion but had to keep removing the wet meth and add fresh dry meth. It was going to consume huge amounts meth so I abandoned the idea.
Someone else on this board has suggested using glycerol as the alcohol. Because of it's high boiling point you could boil the water off. You could then process normally.
G'day all,
Q. Does any one have a simple way of bringing the pH of the acidic glycerin back to 7?
I've been using HCl for my first 'lab' tests. Adding 10% volume of HCl (probably about 30% purity) has been the rule of thumb. The acid has been splitting the FFA and glycerin nicely. Now I want to neutralize the semi-pure glycerin.
BTW. Salt dropped out after boiling the water out of the glycerin.
Any assistance would be appreciated.
Sodium carbonate/bicarbonate, which should give you sodium chloride and CO2.
Wayne, what are you going to do with the FFA's?
Re:Sodium bicarbonate. Any idea how much? I'll need a simple titration set up. I'll see if I can find some locally.
Re: What to do with FFA. I'm was originally going to use them as liquid fuel for my furnace. But I'm open to other options. Ukraine is a very interesting place to live. Highly industrialized but with massive shadow economy and over zealous tax officials. e.g. methanol is not available to individuals or most companies. Mention that it's alcohol and you could be up for genecide!
A local chemist recently said that there might be buyers for it even in relatively small quantities. I currently remove most of the methanol from crude glycerin. But if the ffa has traces of methanol in it I may have to extra hard to remove it. To sell it. Same with methanol from glycerin.
BTW. Ukraine basically doesn't have a biodiesel industry. All rapeseed is exported. Only small operations exist really. Recently a small R&D crew took some biodiesel to see if it could be used as an ingredient for their product used in the drilling industry.
I'd also really like to have a better idea of what the ffa is made up of. I'm told 1/3 ffa and 2/3 biodiesel. Nothing more concrete.
Again any suggested uses for the ffa?
I believe you could add the FFA's to your WVO and perform an acid esterification on the combined product prior to transesterifying with lye. That way you won't need to neutralize until after the transesterification.
If you are burning it in a furnace, I doubt you need to neutralize it. I could be wrong on that.
Is there really that much FFA's on average in the glycerine byproduct? Thats a bunch, and worth recovering for AE/HTAE if it is the case.
That does sound like a high ratio, but even if it is 2:1, wouldn't it be worth trying? I did some experiments about a year ago, but never got motivated enough to continue. The problem was getting the salt water layer out of the glycerine. Maybe the AE team could take on this project. Especially since you have a handle on the water problem.
I copied this from a previous post. Notice the fat content.
We had a de-methed glycerin sample tested by a lab. The results are interesting. Not sure what everything means.
Moisture, Karl-Fischr........... 5.70 %
Dry Matter...................... 94.30 %
Protein, Crude...........Less than 0.1 %
Fiber, Crude.............Less than 0.2 %
Fat By Acid-Hydrolysis........... 32.7 %
Ash.............................. 5.34 %
TSI-Total Sugars as Invert........ 2.9 %
Methanol......................... 0.89 %
I guess the fat is what we would be looking for. Only 1/3. Seems low.
Fuelfarmer, Are you doing an AE process first?
No, using new farm pressed crude veggie oil.
Doh! That makes sense.
A lot of acid is needed to neutralize the lye in the by product.
You can reduce the amount of acid needed by using gypsum to neutralize the lye.
I assume the sample went to a feed lab like Cumberland or some such? Perhaps the Fat figure is a "nutritional" figure, and not a chemistry figure...if that makes any sense. I would assume that the Ash is primarily catalyst?
Or I could shut up and stop thinking out loud....
"Don't complain about farmers with your mouth full."
"Arguing with a government inspector is like wrestling with the pig. You both get dirty but after a while you realize the pig enjoys it".
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Make It Snow!
by Valerie S. Biebuyck
What's your favorite kind of snow? Fluffy, dry, white powder? Or do you like the grayish, wet, slushy kind?
If you are a skier or snowboarder, you want enough snow of just the right type for a perfect run. Winter resorts can manufacture prime snow with machines and snow-making experts. (It's a lot more expensive than the kind Mother Nature makes, costing as much as $4 million per season!)
What are the ingredients for a great batch of snow? Just water and air. But you can't make snow simply by spraying water into cold air. Water freezes when the temperature is 0 degrees C (32 degrees F)—sometimes. If the air contains a lot of moisture (called humidity), such as on a very foggy day, the temperature must be lower than 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) for freezing to occur. Temperature adjusted for humidity is called the "wet bulb" temperature.
A droplet of water needs even more than cold temperatures before it will turn into a snowflake. It also needs a nucleator—a tiny particle, such as a speck of dust or ice, around which to form a crystal.
If the air is very cold and dry, water vapor will crystallize almost instantly. If conditions are less than perfect, more time is required to form a snowflake.
"We call this the flake's hang time," explains Dave Lacombe, head of snowmaking at the Killington resort in central Vermont.
How do he and his staff actually make snow?
Air is compressed (reduced in volume) in machines at Killington's maintenance facility. The compression process makes the air very hot—about 115 degrees C (240 degrees F). The hot air is sent through other equipment that cools it to about 4 degrees C (40 degrees F) and takes out moisture, because snow is easier to make with dry air.
Meanwhile, water is drawn from a source such as a local reservoir. To cover an acre with a foot of snow requires 180,000 gallons—that's the equivalent of two dozen tractor-trailer trucks full of water.
A network of pipes brings the air and water to hydrants located next to the slopes.
Hoses connect to the hydrants at one end and send the air and water to a snow gun at the other end. The compressed air expands when it is released and breaks down the water. With a roar that sounds like a freight train is barreling up the mountain, the snow gun blows this out as mist, and the mist falls to the ground as snow.
"We used to check the quality of the snow we made on our coat sleeves," says Lacombe. "We would let it collect there and decide if it was too wet, too dry, or just right." About 100 people work in Killington's snowmaking department, and each could have a different opinion about the quality of the snow.
All that is changed now, thanks to a computer-filled control room that is staffed 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week, during snowmaking season.
The control room's computers monitor all the factors that must be considered when making snow for a specific area, including temperature, humidity, steepness of each hill, elevation at the snow gun's location, and how many people will ski there. The staffer in the control room looks at the computer screens, determines the correct settings for each snow gun, and radios this information back to the snowmakers on the trails. The information ensures that the right amounts of air and water mix and spray so that perfect snow is made everywhere. "When you can barely make a snowball stick together" is how Lacombe describes the type of snow he wants.
"Some people manufacture automobiles," he says. "I manufacture snow!"
- What is the chemical formula for the compound that is snow?
[anno: The chemical formula for snow is H2O.]
- What else is needed for this compound to form snow?
[anno: The water needs a nucleator, or a tiny speck of dust or ice.]
- Think of another compound whose state is altered to produce another product. What is the compound? What is its chemical formula? How is the compound used in its different states?
[anno: Answers will vary.]


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Parkway Tensions It happens every year as the weather turns warm and the days grow longer. People flock to Sacramento's crown jewel - the American River Parkway - only to realize sharing the trail, with its many uses, can be a test of tolerance.Joggers want cyclists to slow down, cyclists want joggers and walkers to stay on the shoulder and rangers want everyone to obey the rules. Now, following news that Sacramento County Rangers are ticketing cyclists for breaking the parkway's posted 15 mile-per-hour speed limit, we take a look at the impetus for the county's decision. We'll also discuss the basic rules and nuances of the parkway that keep things flowing smoothly on the sometimes-crowded trail.
Listen to Parkway Tensions
Chef Richard Pannell Local celebrity Chef Richard Pannell joins us today to talk about his new book, "Succulent Sensibilites: Feeding Two Appetites," as well as his upcoming appearance this weekend at the Sacramento's Juneteenth Ball, where he will be participating along with other prominent African American chefs in the gourmet food and wine tasting Saturday night.
Listen to Chef Richard Pannell
The Poe Project If you're a filmmaker with an interest in Edgar Allan Poe, the Capital Film Arts Alliance and the Sacramento Public Library have a summer project for you. "The Poe Project" is a film competition that asks for short films based on this dark Romantic poet, due on July 28, to complement the Library's annual "One Book Sacramento" program, which this year is based on Poe. This fall, the films will be screened to inspire Poe-related discussion and to assist in the library's quest of getting all of Sacramento to read one book. Here to tell the tale of the heart of this project are Mary Beth Barber of the Capital Film Arts Alliance; Rivkah Sass, library director at the Sacramento Public Library; and John Allen Cann, a professor of English literature at Cosumnes River College and a "Poe expert."
Listen to The Poe Project
Sound Advice: Blue Dog Jam There's a plethora of pop music hitting the shelves this summer. Capital Public Radio's Nick Brunner joins us for this week's Sound Advice with new music from Queens of the Stone Age, Eleanor Friedberger and Portugal. The Man.
Listen to Sound Advice: Blue Dog Jam
About our guest host: Rick Kushman is an award-wining journalist and former columnist for The Sacramento Bee, where he covered politics, was the national television critic, and wrote about wine and food and their connection to life in Northern California. He continues to write for regional and national media and his writing has appeared in publications ranging from Time Magazine to Sommelier Journal to Daily Variety.


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Calendar Dedication
Locke Jeffries Morrisey was the Head of Reference and Research Services at the University of San Francisco Library, and one of the driving forces behind the creation of this calendar. Although Locke is no longer with us physically to see the finished product, we know that he would be happy with the result. Anyone who knew Locke personally, or knew of him, would tell you that he had an incredibly generous spirit.
I can't say it better than the said it, so I'll let the men speak. Go to the site. Order a dozen and support the creativity, talent and cause behind this project ....
"We know what people think: Dewey, glasses, shushing, books, hairbuns, Party Girl and card catalogs. Yes, we know what people think. We know that the American, library profession is approximately 80% White and 72% female; and we know that tens of thousands of librarians are expected to reach age 65 in the next 5 years. We also know that this is not us.
There is an entire population of professional librarians out there who disagree with the way the library profession is perceived in contemporary media outlets and in the historical consciousness of the American mind. Different people and different associations will use different means to try to change those perceptions. This is ours.
The Men of the Stacks project was first conceived a couple of years ago after learning of the publication of another library-themed calendar. Our first reaction to that calendar? "Well, cool but…where are all the men?" There was another, earlier calendar that featured only male librarians, but we felt it didn't quite capture the way we saw ourselves. In both cases, either the stereotype was reinforced or it didn't go far enough in breaking free of it.
One of our models, Von, captured the spirit of this calendar beautifully:
"We can't just leave it to others to tell the people who we are; that's why the stereotypes about librarians continue to flourish. We have to be the ones to go out there and tell people who we are. It's not enough to complain about inaccurate images of librarians; we must be able to present alternative, positive images in movies, books and, yes, blogs." — Filipino Librarian
Now, he adds, calendars should be added to the list. So, who are we? What do we want to tell you about who we are? What are these alternative images? Easy. We are, or course, professionals. We are educators, programmers, project managers, entrepreneurs, program coordinators, contractors, consultants, and speakers. We are academics. We are authors, diversity officers, historians, administrators, deans, professors, and researchers. We are creatives. We are musicians, bakers, painters, and storytellers. We are athletes, yogis, gym-rats, runners, and hikers. We are passionate. We are dog-lovers, radicals, conservatives, Christians, and Buddhists. We are in our twenties. We are in our forties. We are in relationships. We are perpetual bachelors. We are privileged beings who try to use their advantages to better the lives of others.
Who are we? We are The Men of the Stacks."


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See local coverage of President Obama's visit to Miami at CNN affiliate WFOR
Miami (CNN) -- You could barely hear the dismissal buzzer over the sound of the pressure cleaner. But as school officials tried to spruce up their campus a bit, the buzz inside the hallways was almost as loud.
The Miami Central Senior High School was gearing up for a visit Friday from President Barack Obama. The president touted education at the school, which once was failing miserably but appears to be turning it around.
"I look at the community and where we've been, the struggle, everything that's been negative, and to bring the president here is amazing," school principal Rennina Turner said.
U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan and former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush joined Obama, who highlighted the importance of "out-educating U.S. competitors, to win the future," according to the White House.
"It's inspiring to think about where you were a few years ago, and where you are today," President Obama said to the students. "You came together to turn this school around, and I think the rest of us can learn something from that," CNN affiliate WFOR reported.
The President said that students "can't even think about dropping out," and that the students across the country are going to need to continue their education past their senior year.
"More than ever before, companies hire where the talent is," Obama said. "Over the next 10 years, nearly half of all new jobs will require education past a high school degree."
The president noted that "we're in a difficult fiscal situation." But the country can't "cut back on investments like education, which will help us grow our economy," he said, according to WFOR. "When we sacrifice our commitment to education we're sacrificing our future."
Not too long ago, the future didn't seem so bright for the inner-city school, whose student scores earned it an "F" on state reports from 2007 to 2009. In danger of being closed and taken over by the state, the school upped its grade to a "D" last year and a "C" this year.
Some students used to worry about their future, and chances for college, because they attended Miami Central.
"I thought I was going to be shunned. ... They're going to judge me differently," said senior Ashley Wyche, 17, who is hoping to attend art design school. "However, we prospered, and our grades went up, and I'm proud to say I'm a Central student when I put it on my college application."
Miami Central has received federal grants that support the improvement of low-achieving schools. The U.S. Department of Education provided $546 million for School Improvement Grants nationwide, with $800,000 going to Miami Central.
That money brought in new technology and teaching tools, paid for coaches in reading, math and science, and allowed a three-hour Saturday academy to open for students who need extra help. The school also began a program to engage parents.
But school officials said all problems can't be solved with money.
"Identify individuals who want to be part of the change -- whether it's students, teachers or administrators -- and have people here who want to be here, for the good of the cause," said Turner, who is in her first year as principal but has been at the school four years.
Officials said a new winning culture and fresh blood were needed, with money going to the right things.
"We've replaced over 50% of the faculty in the last two years," said Nikolai Vitti, an assistant superintendent in the Miami-Dade County school system. "It's brought new energy and a greater willingness to go above and beyond for our kids."
Miami Central is one of 19 schools in Miami-Dade County targeted as persistently low performers that needed a boost. These schools, called the "Rising 19," received $14 million as part of the Education Transformation Office. School officials said all the schools are showing improvement.
"They have teachers pushing them," Miami Central teacher John Thornburgh said of the students. "But they also believe in themselves, and they know that the minimum is no longer possible nor is it acceptable."
At the school for a year, Thornburgh is part of a new wave of teachers hired right out of school. He's part of Teach for America, a program that recruits the nation's top academic students to be instructors in low-income areas.
"They are the highest performers with a true commitment," Vitti said. "We recruited these higher achievers and paid them $3,000 extra a year."
But while the federal government is putting money into the school, the state of Florida may soon be taking away some funds. Florida Gov. Rick Scott, a Republican elected in November, has proposed a two-year budget that would cut state education funding by 15% -- about $703 less per child.
School officials said they worry their progress may soon hit a bump in the road as the state Legislature debates the budget in the coming months.
"We don't want to lose the resources we have because the results, of course, will decrease," the principal said.
For now, the school is enthusiastic about its improved grades, and it views the president's visit as a symbol of that improvement.
"I'm really honored to hear that he's coming here and to see that he cares about the progress in schools," said senior Ivonne Arevelo, 17.
The students said the turnaround began once their morale was raised.
"Make sure the students feel welcomed," senior Alex Favela said.


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If you could prevent the onset of illnesses like cancer, type 2 diabetes and dementia wouldn't you want to? How far would you go to keep you and your family healthy?
Dr. Terry Whals, a physician, reversed the symptoms of her multiple sclerosis by eating a diet rich in micro-nutrients. She researched the elements human bodies need to maintain cell health and figured out which foods to eat and how much. She calls it the Wahls Diet (tm).
The Whals diet in a nutshell:
Once you eat your nine cups of fruits and vegetables with a serving of meat and minerals you can eat additional food if you need it for calories.
The kicker I didn't include in my nutshell: no gluten, eggs, dairy, aspartame or MSG.
- diabetes
- heart disease
- arthritis
- cancer
- autism
- depression
- learning disabilities
- obesity
- nerve degeneration diseases like multiple sclerosis
The book explains in more detail how she, as a research physician and person with M.S., went about learning how to recover brain health. Then she outlines her diet and shares recipes.
First Dr. Wahls tried taking vitamin and mineral supplements to treat her M.S. and had some success. When she switched to eating food with those vitamins and minerals she had much better results. She went from being wheel chair bound to walking and riding a bike within a year.
What I took away from the book is the Standard American Diet is loaded with calories for energy but deficient in nutrients for building and maintaining the 100 billion neuron cells in our brain and body. If we eat enough nutrients our DNA contains the wisdom to heal our bodies.
Only you can provide your body with the building block for your cells so that they can do the work of restoring your health and vitality.
- Dr. WahlsWhat I like about this diet is the science behind it. Whals has researched and identified elements in cells and their quantities and deduced what and how much we need to eat to make sure our bodies are well supplied. This is not an eat like a caveman because cavemen were healthy. Although there are many similarities between paleo diets and the Wahl's diet. This is not a diet to lose weight where it boils down to "eat less". Although if you follow her diet I would image a healthy weight would come as part of it.
I also like that Dr. Wahls says she doesn't know all the answers. She points out there are probably many unidentified micro-nutrients that meat, vegetables and fruit provide for our bodies. By eating a varied diet and meat from animals who also ate a varied diet we will give our bodies everything they need to function well. We don't have to wait until we have serious health problems to think about health.
I have a baby and right now all the food she gets is through my breast milk. As she builds her brain and body I don't want her to lack any of the nutrients to develop and be healthy. This little girl makes me more proactive for myself.
I decided come the new year, after holiday baking and traveling were done, I'd take a serious stab at Dr. Wahls' recommendations. My goal is to do a month of her diet and see how I feel. Over the next month my recipes and posts will be based on the Whal's Diet and my experiences. It's going to be an experience. I'll learn how to cook some organ meats, fit nine cups of fruits and vegetables into our meals, give up gluten(!) and dairy(!).
Whals doesn't include eggs in her diet and I'm not sure why. Until I understand why, I am still eating them. If anyone knows please leave me a note in the comments.
The husband is on board so far as he's willing to eat what I cook. It's up to him if he chooses to give up the gluten and dairy. His favorite foods are bread and cheese so we'll see.
What do you think? Have you tried to increase your meal's micro-nutrient content? Have you gone gluten and/or dairy free?
My other posts in this series:
Brain Food: Breakfast Skillet Inspired by Dr. Wahls
Brain Food: Warm Butternut Chickpea Salad - Recipe
Brain Food: What I ate today on the Wahls Diet
Brain Food: Sardine Avocado Citrus Salad - Recipe
Brain Food: 5 Strategies for the Wahls Diet
Brain Food: Sauerkraut and Cabbage Soup - Recipe
Brain Food: Liver and Onions - Recipe (Guest posted on Spain in Iowa)
Brain Food: One Teaspoon of Minerals a Day
For more recipes and ideas visit my Wahls Paleo Pinterest Board.


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Isn't he cute?
He lives at J.Crew.
P.S. Don't forget to enter our current giveaway for a gorgeous Mala Bead necklace!
I've taken a little hiatus from writing, but am so excited to share a few photos from last month's trip to New Orleans for one of my...
thanks for sharing
Absolutely DARLING! Giraffes are my favorite!
So cute. I recently sold a vintage one like this of a white panther and I'm kicking myself for not keeping it - though I like the giraffe better!
A. that is the cutest thing in the world and then B. the "hugging my wrist" saying is the cutest thing I have ever heard!! I want it just so he will hug my wrist!! xoo ELizabeth
I've got my eye on that too! I never request any kind of tangible girly items from My Fiance but... I MUST have this beauty!
too perfect! and of course he lives at jcrew!!! all cute things do!
xo TJ
He's precious! I need him!
How cute is he??? Hope you get to bring him home soon :) xoxo
I was seriously thinking of getting it. Now I'm more convinced. xoxo
DANG YOU, J CREW!!! You and your fabulous baubles kill my budgeting *every* time! They've been totally killing it with the animal jewels, haven't they???
oh lordy, this is too darn cute!!! and i am not supposed to be shopping right now...perhaps i will just have to get for my mom for mother's day... she loves giraffes! and the purchase will be justified ;) XO brynn
How adorable;-)
This is too adorable and stylish, love it!
Tres chic!
oxoxoxo from San FRancisco
LOVE!!! I should have worn this when we went to the zoo!!
Design by Ana Degenaar + Logo by Danielle Moss © 2013


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Peter Gallagher, a member of CCRI's class of 1967, was an active member of CCRI community through his work with the CCRI Foundation and the Alumni Association.
A former vice president of New England Insurance Associated, Ltd. in Cranston, Gallagher was an insurance agent and broker since 1970. He is past president if Pawtuxet Valley Regional CYO and a former CYO basketball coach. He also served as a Eucharistic minister and lector at Saints Peter and Paul Parish in West Warwick.
Active in community service, Gallagher is past president of the Board of Directors for Shinning Light Health Center of Rhode Island, a health care center dedicated to serving minorities with HIV or AIDS. As former president of the CCRI Foundation from 1984-85, he led the efforts in beginning the annual Golf Classic events and worked to ensure coordination between the Foundation and the Alumni Association. He is a member of the Rhode Island Association of Independent Agents of America and Professional Insurance Agents of America. He also was a senior arbitrator for the Better Business Bureau of Rhode Island.
From 1967 to 1970, Gallagher served with the 77th Military Police Department of the U.S. Army in Mannheim, Germany. He was a member of the Rhode Island Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve.
This page developed and maintained by Hall of Fame. Send comments and suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com .


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Cirrus Hiring For Jet Production
The total number of Cirrus employees has grown to about 570, with roughly 50 jobs added over the past six months and, according to the company, it is seeking more workers to reach its goals for a 2015 launch of its SF-50 Vision Jet. "We're hiring, without question," Cirrus spokesman Todd Simmons told sctimes.com, and Cirrus' website backs up the claim. The site lists roughly 65 job openings (some involving multiple positions) at Duluth, Minn., that range from assemblers to engineers and from painters to administrators. The company claims to have 525 orders for its five-plus-seat single-engine jet, which currently lists for $1.96 million. The company says it will announce updated details about its Vision Jet program, soon.
Pricing for Cirrus' SF-50 Vision Jet increased this past July from $1.72 million to its current mark, $1.96 million. Most of its orders were acquired before the price jump, and the company says it doesn't expect to be adding many more orders in the near term. The company's jet design was promoted as early as 2006, and made a public debut at EAA AirVenture 2008, in Oshkosh, Wis. Global economic difficulties and a change of ownership at the company led to some questions about the jet's future. However, new Cirrus owner China Aviation Industry General Aircraft Co. has reportedly made a roughly $100 million investment in the program. Now, Cirrus' SF-50 Vision Jet stands a chance to become the first design to fill the personal single-engine jet niche market, with Diamond's D-Jet still standing as a potential contender for that crown. Diamond said last July that it hoped to achieve certification in about 18 months -- or 2015 -- the same timeframe now targeted by Cirrus.


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The School Board of Sarasota County consists of five members elected county-wide who serve four-year terms. The School Board develops policy and appoints a superintendent to manage day-to-day operations of the school district. Board meetings are broadcast live on The Education Channel (cable TV channels: Comcast 20, Frontier 33).
School Board meetings are held in the School Board Chambers, 1980 Landings Blvd, Sarasota, Florida. All meetings are open to the public and held on the 1st Tuesday 6:30 p.m. and the 3rd Tuesday 3:00 p.m. of each month, with the exception of one (1) meeting in July and December. Following any Special Presentations and/or the Superintendent's Report, citizens are welcomed to speak under "Hearing of Citizens." Hearing of Citizens cards can be found at the rear of the Chambers, which should be filled out prior to the meeting with your name, contact information and topic and handed to the Board Assistant. Citizens will be called to the podium by the Chair in the order received and given three (3) minutes to speak. Respect for divergent viewpoints and civility will be shown at every Board meeting. Please be advised
that all public comment is aired on the live television broadcast and on rebroadcasts of the meetings.
School Board Meetings and Work Sessions are aired live on Comcast 20 and Frontier 33 and repeated Tuesdays non-meeting
days and Saturday afternoons between 1 p.m. and 9 p.m.
Rules for Speakers
We appreciate everyone displaying the utmost consideration for every speaker's opinion. Please Note: Any individual who interferes with the orderly process of a School Board meeting will be subject to removal from the meeting (after warning), per Section 1001.372(3), Florida Statutes.
School BoardPhone: (941) 927-9000 ext. 31147
To email all School Board members:
Jane Goodwin Chair
Caroline Zucker Vice Chair email@example.com
Shirley Brown email@example.com
Eric Robinson firstname.lastname@example.com
Bridget Ziegler email@example.com
Kathy TomkinsAdministrative Assistant
Phone: (941) 927-9000 ext. 31147
1960 Landings Boulevard
Sarasota, Florida 34231
Green 3rd Floor


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To Get Started Please Click Your State on the Map Below.
Did You Know?
Average Starting Pay for Post Office Jobs is $20/hour. Postal Jobs Offer Many Fantastic Benefits, Including:
Full Federal Benefits
Paid Training
Paid Vacations
No Experience Necessary!
Get Started Today!
Thousands of Positions Available, Including:
Minimum Requirements To Qualify For Post Office Jobs:
- Must be at least 18 years of age.
- Must be a U.S Citizen or have a Green Card.
If you have met these minimum requirements, that's great. You may be eligible for positions with the U.S. Postal Service. To verify full eligibility, please complete the steps above.


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Located some 150 million light-years from Earth, NGC 922 is admittedly a little far for a quick New Year's Eve getaway. But as this Hubble image reveals, the views are great, just so long as you avoid the black holes.
Situated in the constellation of Fornax, NGC 922 is home to several large black holes. At least seven of the black holes detected in the galaxy are thought to be at least ten times as massive as our Sun, which makes them quite massive for black holes of the stellar-sized class. NGC 922 is what's known as a ring galaxy, meaning that its stars are arranged in, well, a ring. And just how did that ring form? NASA explains:
NGC 922 is a ring galaxy created by the collision of a large and small galaxy about 300 million years ago. Like a rock thrown into a pond, the ancient collision sent ripples of high density gas out from the impact point near the center that partly condensed into stars. Pictured above is NGC 922 with its beautifully complex ring along the left side, as imaged recently by the Hubble Space Telescope. Observations of NGC 922 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, however, show several glowing X-ray knots that are likely large black holes. The high number of massive black holes was somewhat surprising as the gas composition in NGC 922 — rich in heavy elements — should have discouraged almost anything so massive from forming.
Via NASA APOD. Click on the image up top for a closer look.


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NASHVILLE, Tenn. – Lipscomb University has signed three pitchers and one infielder to national letters of intent Bisons head baseball coach Jeff Forehand announced on Thursday.
Austin Sistrunk is expected to make an immediate impact in the infield for the Bisons after a solid season at nearby Franklin High School and a great summer with the Music City Outlaws. After hitting .346 with seven homers and a .654 slugging percentage for the Rebels, Sistrunk picked up the pace with the Outlaws posting a .462 batting average and .750 slugging percentage at the plate.
"Austin is a player that we have watched for a long time," said Forehand. "He is going to fit into everything we do at Lipscomb University. He will immediately make an impact on our team. He is a 'baseball player', a guy that will make us all better because he is a tireless worker."
Looking to bolster the Lipscomb pitching staff are high school seniors Dalton Keck, Christian Miller and Denton Norman.
Keck went 10-2 last season for Christian Academy of Knoxville leading the Warriors to a third-place finish in the 2011 AA state tournament. The Knoxville native posted a 2.42 ERA on the hill as a junior and fanned 76 batters in 66 innings of work before playing summer ball with the Knoxville Stars.
"Dalton has unlimited potential," said Lipscomb head coach Jeff Forehand. "He is a guy that immediately attracts you to him. He has the work ethic and ability to be an outstanding pitcher. When you talk to him he just has 'it' and is a great person as well. We look forward to his impact on all of us."
Hailing from the powerhouse Loganville High School program, the southpaw Miller threw a no hitter this past summer with the Atlanta Blue Jays and was named one of the "Georgia Top 100 Underclassmen" in 2011.
"As a left-handed pitcher, Christian is going to make an immediate impact as well," said Forehand. "His potential is off the chart. He is a great fit for us as we continue to have very productive lefthanders come through our program. He is blessed with a natural ability that will make a great addition to our team."
Rounding out the arms for 2013, Norman hails from Katy, Texas where he is the captain for the Katy Seven Lakes where he was named all-district last season as a junior. Norman spent this past summer playing for the Texas Rebels where he was a force on the mound.
"Denton is the prototypical right-handed pitcher with a great body and great desire to be the best," said Forehand. "He will make an immediate impact on our team but also has a tremendous upside. Denton is the guy that every coach is looking for, a great student and the potential to be outstanding on the mound."
The Bisons take the field in 2012 on Feb. 17 hosting Evansville to open the season as part of the "Mule Mix Classic".


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zodbot is a supybot based irc bot that we use in our #fedora channels.
Contact Information
Owner: Fedora Infrastructure Team
Contact: #fedora-admin
Location: Phoenix
Servers: noc1
Purpose: Provides our IRC bot
zodbot is a supybot based irc bot that we use in our #fedora channels. It runs on noc1 as the daemon user. We do not config manage the zodbot.conf because supybot makes changes to it on its own. Therefore it gets backed up and is treated as data.
killall supybot
cd /srv/web/meetbot # zodbot current needs to be started in the meetbot directory. # This requirement will go away in a later meetbot release. sudo -u daemon supybot -d /var/lib/zodbot/conf/zodbot.conf
Processing interrupted meeting logs
zodbot forgets about meetings if they are in progress when the bot goes down; therefore, the meetings never get processed. Users may request a ticket in our Trac instance to have meeting logs processed.
Trac tickets for meeting log processing should consist of a URL where zodbot had saved the log so far and an uploaded file containing the rest of the log. The logs are stored in /srv/web/meetbot. Append the remainder of the log uploaded to Trac (don't worry too much about formatting; meeting.py works well with irssi- and XChat-like logs), then run:
sudo python /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/supybot/plugins/MeetBot/meeting.py replay /path/to/fixed.log.txt
Close the Trac ticket, letting the user know that the logs are processed in the same directory as the URL they gave you.
Becoming an admin
Register with zodbot on IRC.
/msg zodbot misc help register
You have to identify to the bot to do any admin type commands, and you need to have done so before anyone can give you privs.
After doing this, ask in #fedora-admin on IRC and someone will grant you privs if you need them. You'll likely be added to the admin group, which has the following capabilities (the below snippet is from an IRC log illustrating how to get the list of capabilities).
21:57 < nirik> .list admin 21:57 < zodbot> nirik: capability add, capability remove, channels, ignore add, ignore list, ignore remove, join, nick, and part


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It can occur at any age, but children under 5 years of age are at highest risk. Other risk factors include:
Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. They can include:
The symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
The healthcare provider will ask about your child's symptoms and medical history. He or she will give your child a physical exam. Your child may also have tests, such as:
Your child will likely need to be treated in the hospital. He or she may be in the burn unit of the hospital. This is because the treatment is similar to treating a child with burns. Or your child may be treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Treatment may include:
Children who are treated right away usually recover with no scarring or other problems. But in some cases complications may include:
Call the healthcare provider right away if your child has red, blistering skin. If the healthcare provider is not available, go to the emergency room.
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child's healthcare provider:
Stay Informed.
Connect with us.


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New Catholic Dictionary – Saint Cassian
(4th century) Martyr, died Imola, Italy. He was a schoolmaster at Imola when a persecution broke out, probably that of Decius or Valerian. Refusing to sacrifice to the gods, he was condemned to the mercy of his pupils who tortured him to death with their iron styles or pencils. Patron of Mexico City. Relics at Imola. Feast, Roman Calendar, 13 August.
- "Saint Cassian". . CatholicSaints.Info. 15 September 2012. Web. 19 February 2019. <http://catholicsaints.info/new-catholic-dictionary-saint-cassian/>


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Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy
Guide to Buckingham County Virginia ancestry, family history and genealogy birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, family history, immigration records, and military records.
|Buckingham County, Virginia
Location in the state of Virginia
Location of Virginia in the U.S.
|County Seat
- 1 Buckingham County Virginia Courthouse
- 2 Buckingham County Virginia History
- 3 Buckingham County Virginia Places/Localities
- 4 Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Resources
- 4.1 Research Guides
- 4.2 African American
- 4.3 Bible Records
- 4.4 Cemeteries
- 4.5 Census
- 4.6 Church Records
- 4.7 Court
- 4.8 Genealogy
- 4.9 Land and Property
- 4.10 Local Histories
- 4.11 Maps
- 4.12 Migration
- 4.13 Military
- 4.14 Miscellaneous Records
- 4.15 Naturalization and Citizenship
- 4.16 Newspapers
- 4.17 Probate Records
- 4.18 Taxation
- 4.19 Vital Records
- 5 Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Societies and Libraries
- 6 Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Websites
- 7 Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy References
Buckingham County Virginia Courthouse
Buckingham County Courthouse
13061 W. James Anderson Hwy.
P.O. Box 107
Buckingham, Virginia 23921-0107
Phone 804-969-4734
Clerk Circuit Court has birth and death records from 1896
marriage, divorce and probate records from 1869[1]
Buckingham County Virginia History
The origin of the county's name is disputed. Some argue it was named after the Duke of Buckingham, others point to the English city or county of Buckingham, while others point out that Archibald Cary's estate was named Buckingham.[2]
Parent County
1758--Buckingham County was created 14 September 1758 from Albemarle County.
County seat: Buckingham [1]
Boundary Changes
For animated maps illustrating Virginia county boundary changes, "Rotating Formation Virginia County Boundary Maps" (1617-1995) may be viewed for free at the MapofUS.org website.
Record Loss
County court records were destroyed by fire in 1869. Only one plat book survived the fire and some lost wills and deeds were rerecorded later.[3] [4]
- Lost censuses: 1790, 1800, 1890
Visit the Library of Virginia's website to determine exactly what records have been lost and their Lost Records Localities Database to find additional resources.
Elizabeth Shown Mills' study of the Anderson family of Buckingham County (available online) demonstrates how she succeeded in reconstructing a burned-county pedigree in this area:
- "Anderson of Buckingham: A Case Study in Family Reconstruction within a 'Burned County,' Part 2: Parental Family of William Anderson (1788–1852)," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 30 (July–September 1986): 174–87, and (October–December 1986): 263–73. Digital image. Elizabeth Shown Mills, Historic Pathways - free. Accessed 29 December 2011.
Weisiger abstracted a valuable source that includes deed, will, and marriage information about Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy residents:
- Weisiger, Benjamin B. Burned County Data 1809-1848 As Found in the Virginia Contested Election Files. Richmond, Va., 1986. FHL Book 975.5 P2w.[5]
Buckingham County Virginia Places/Localities
Populated Places
Neighboring Counties
Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Resources
Research Guides
- Dorman, John Frederick. "A Guide to the Counties of Virginia: Buckingham County," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1962):121-124. Available at American Ancestors ($).
- Peebles, Anne Bradbury. "Buckingham County, Virginia, and the Southern Parts of Early Albemarle," Special Aids to Genealogical Research on Southern Families. National Genealogical Society Special Publications, No. 15, Washington, D.C., 1962.
- Whitley, Edythe Rucker. Genealogical Records of Buckingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Ohio, 1984.
African American
Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy cohabitation records are available online.
Freedmen's Bureau Letters or Correspondence, 1865-1872
Heinegg, Paul. "Buckingham County Personal Property Tax List 1782-1826," Free African Americans.com, available online. [Heinegg abstracted free blacks listed in these records.]
Bible Records
Images of the Virginia Historical Society's family Bible collection have been digitized:
- Virginia Historical Society Papers, 1607-2007 - browse collection at FamilySearch; free.
Additional Bible records include:
- Moore, Caroline Tiedeman. "Payne Family Bible, Buckingham County, Virginia, and Micapony, Florida," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1974):304. Digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- Stinson, Hubert M. "Harris-Stinson-Carter-Wood-Branch Bible Record, Buckingham County, Virginia," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1980):41-43. Digital version at American Ancestors ($).
|Tombstone Transcriptions Online
|Tombstone Transcriptions in Print
|List of Cemeteries in the county
|Family History Library
|Billion Graves
|VAGenWeb Archives
|Tombstone Project
|Virginia Gravestones
|Billion Graves
|See Virginia Cemeteries for more information.
For a detailed list, including addresses, phone numbers, and external links, see Buckingham County, Virginia Cemeteries.
The following is a list of cemeteries in Buckingham County: [6]
For tips on accessing Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy census records online, see: Virginia Census.
|Historical populations
|Source: "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau.
1850 Census
In 1850, census enumerators uncharacteristically recorded both the state and county of birth of residents of half of Buckingham County's population.[7]
1890 Union Veterans
- "Virginia's Union Veterans: Eleventh Census of the United States 1890." Prince William County Virginia, by Ronald Ray Turner. FHL Collection.
Church Records
Early Baptist churches (with years constituted):
- Buckingham (1771).[8] Records were published in 1993: FHL Book 975.5 A1 no. 306.[9] Edwards published a membership list dated 1772 in Materials Towards a History of the Baptists... (1772), 83.
- Providence (1774)[8]
- State River (1805)[8]
- Union (1786)[8]
- Wreck Island (1784)[8]
The 10,000 name petition (dated 16 October 1776) has been digitized at the Library of Congress website. It was signed by people from all over Virginia who wanted an end to persecution of Baptists by the Established Church. Baptists and Baptist sympathizers alike signed the petition. To find your ancestor in this record, first check Hall's transcription in the Magazine of Virginia Genealogy (Vols. 35-38, with annotations in Vol. 39), which is available online at Ancestry ($). It is also available in book form at the Family History Library: FHL Book 975.5 B2vs v. 35-39. Then proceed to the Library of Congress website to see the original images.
Buckingham County fell within the bounds of the Appomattox Association.
Church of England
See also Tillotson Parish
Meade's 1861 history of parishes in Buckingham County is available online.[10]
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Early LDS converts with Buckingham County connections:
- Kitchen
More than 150 genealogies have been published about Buckingham County families. To view a list, visit Buckingham County, Virginia Compiled Genealogies.
Land and Property
Grants and Patents
Land patents (pre-1779), land grants (after 1779) and surveys are available online at the Library of Virginia website. For step-by-step instructions on retrieving these records, read the Virginia Land and Property article.
- Bannister. 778 patents dated 1723-1842 in what is now Buckingham County, Virginia Patents 1723-1842 placed on a map. DeedMapper, 2002. [Names of those who received land patents, dates, land descriptions, and references may be viewed free of charge (click "Index" next to the county listing); however, in order to view the maps, it is necessary to purchase Direct Line Software's DeedMapper product.]
Local Histories
- Whitley, Edythe Johns Rucker. Genealogical Records of Buckingham County, Virginia. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1984. Available at FHL; and World Vital Records ($).
- Clay, Robert Y. "Some Delinquent Taxpayers 1787-1790," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1977):113-118. Available at FHL; digital version at New England Ancestors ($). [These records identify migrants who left the county and often their intended destinations. Buckingham County's 1787 Delinquent List appears on p. 115.]
French and Indian War
- Bockstruck, Lloyd DeWitt. Virginia's Colonial Soldiers. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988. Available at FHL. [Identifies some Buckingham County veterans; see place name index.]
Revolutionary War
Regiments. Service men in Buckingham County served in various regiments. Men often joined a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Buckingham County supplied soldiers for the:
Additional resources:
Buckingham residents recommended for military commissions during the Revolutionary War.[11]
- A Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services: With their Names, Ages, and Places of Residence, as Returned by the Marshalls of the Several Judicial Districts, Under the Act for Taking the Sixth Census]. 1841. Digital versions at U.S. Census Bureau and Google Books et. al. 1967 reprint: FHL Collection 973 X2pc 1840. [See Virginia, Eastern District, Buckingham County on page 129.]
- Rejected or Suspended Applications for Revolutionary War Pensions. Washington, D.C., 1852. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1969, and 1991. Reprints include "an Added Index to States." FHL Book 973 M24ur; digital version at Ancestry ($). [Includes veterans from this county; Virginia section begins on page 238.]
War of 1812
Buckingham County men served in the 24th and 100th Regiments.[12]
- Douthat, James L. Roster of War of 1812, Southside, Virginia. Signal Mountain, Tenn.: Mountain Press, 2007. Free online surname index and purchase details at Mountain Press website. FHL Collection 975.5 M2djL. [Includes Buckingham County.]
- List of Pensioners on the Roll, January 1, 1883; Giving the Name of Each Pensioner, the Cause for Why Pensioned, the Post-Office Address, the Rate of Pension Per Month, and the Date of Original Allowance... Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883. FHL Collection 973 M2Lp v. 5; digital versions at Google Books and Internet Archive. [See Vol. 5, Virginia, Buckingham County, p. 65.]
Civil War
Regiments. Service men in Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy served in various regiments. Men often joined a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Listed below are companies that were specifically formed in Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy:
- - 4th Regiment Virginia Cavalry, Company K.
- - 20th Regiment Virginia Infantry, Col. E "Lee Guards," and Co. F "Buckingham Institute Guard."[13]
- - 21st Regiment Virginia Infantry, Co. E "Buckingham Leaches."[14]
- - 44th Regiment Virginia Infantry, Co. C "Travis Rifles."[15]
- - 56th Regiment, Virginia Infantry (Confederate). Company D (Buckingham Yancey Guards)[16]
- - 57th Regiment, Virginia Infantry (Confederate). Company A (Buckingham Institute).[17]
Records and histories are available, see:
- 1861-1865 - Virginia, Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers 1861-1865
- 1861-1865 - Virginia, Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers 1861-1865
- 1861-1865 - U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 at Ancestry — index (free)
- 1861-1865 - U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 at Ancestry — index (free)
- Maloney, Eugene A. A History of Buckingham County. Berryville, Virginia: Virginia Book Co., 1976. FHL book 975.5623 H2m Lists regiments, companies and muster rolls on pages 107-112. Author states that the original muster rolls are kept in the county clerk's office.
- FHL book 975.5 M2vr v. 29 titled A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations 1861-1865
Miscellaneous Records
- 1607-2007 - Virginia, Historical Society Papers, 1607-2007 at FamilySearch — index and images
Naturalization and Citizenship
- Virginia Naturalization Petitions, 1906-1929
The Virginia Newspapers Project identifies local Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy newspapers.
Indexed images of the Virginia Gazette (1736-1780) are available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. In addition, Professor Tom Costa and The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia have created a database of all runaway advertisements for slaves, indentured servants, transported convicts, and ship deserters listed in this source and other Virginia newspapers (1736-1803), see: The Geography of Slavery in Virginia. These newspapers are valuable resources for all regions of Virginia.
Probate Records
- Hopkins, William Lindsay. Some Wills from the Burned Counties of Virginia and Other Wills Not Listed in Virginia Wills and Administrations 1632-1800. Richmond, Virginia: W.L. Hopkins, 1987. Available at FHL. [Includes Buckingham County.]
- King, George Harrison Sanford. "Will of Joseph Cabell, Buckingham County, Virginia," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1971):298-302. Digital version at American Ancestors ($).
Online Probate Records
- 1639 – 1850 Virginia Land, Marriage and Probate Records 1639-1850 at Ancestry.com — index to transcribed records, $
How can Virginia tax lists help me?
- 1764-1792 - Crouse, Randy F. McNew "Personal Property Tax Lists of Buckingham County Virginia , Vol. 1, 1764-1792, Randy F. McNew Crouse 2017. 450 pages. Available at Lulu ($) and FHL Comprehensive transcription of all extant tithe and personal property tax lists for Buckingham County, Virginia from its formation in 1761 through 1792. Includes 1764, 1773-4, 1782-1792. All white males over the age of 16 are named, slaves over the age of 12 (often named), carriages, horses, cattle and acres of land (some years). Transcribed records are ordered as they appear in the tax list and and ordered alphabetically in a 160 page index section. Includes an introduction and guide to use, a table and graph to summarize statistics and appendices.
- 1764 - Warren, Mary Bondurant and Eve Bondurant Warren Weeks. Virginia's District Courts, 1789-1809: Records of the Prince Edward District: Buckingham, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, and Prince Edward Counties: (Wills to 1829, Deeds to 1816). Danielsville, Georgia: Heritage Papers, 1991. Available at FHL. Buckingham County tithables list, 1764 (found in the loose case papers).
- 1764 - Warren, Mary Bondurant et al. Buckingham County, Virginia, Church and Marriage Records, 1764-1822. Athens, Ga.: Heritage Papers, 1993. FHL Book 975.5 A1 no. 306.
- 1773-1774 - Buckingham County, Virginia Tithables, 1773-1774. Original records, Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia; also available on microfilm at FHL.
- 1773-1774 - Woodson, Robert F. and Isobel B. Woodson. Virginia Tithables from Burned Record Counties: Buckingham, 1773-1774; Gloucester, 1770-1771, 1774-1775; Hanover, 1763 and 1770; James City, 1768-1769; Stafford, 1768 and 1773. Richmond, Virginia: I.B. Woodson, 1970. Available at FHL.
- 1782 - Fothergill, Augusta B. and John Mark Naugle. Virginia Tax Payers, 1782-87, Other Than Those Published by the United States Census Bureau. 1940; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1978. Online at FamilySearch - free; FHL. 1782 personal property tax list of Buckingham County.
- 1782-1826 - Heinegg, Paul. "Buckingham County Personal Property Tax List 1782-1826," Free African Americans.com, available online. Heinegg abstracted free blacks listed in these records.
- 1787 - Schreiner-Yantis, Netti and Florene Speakman Love. The 1787 Census of Virginia: An Accounting of the Name of Every White Male Tithable Over 21 Years, the Number of White Males Between 16 & 21 Years, the Number of Slaves over 16 & Those Under 16 Years, Together with a Listing of Their Horses, Cattle & Carriages, and Also the Names of All Persons to Whom Ordinary Licenses and Physician's Licenses Were Issued. 3 vols. Springfield, Va.: Genealogical Books in Print, 1987. Available at FHL. The source of this publication is the 1787 personal property tax list. Buckingham County is included in Vol. 1.
- 1787 - Clay, Robert Y. "Some Delinquent Taxpayers 1787-1790," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1977):113-118. Available at FHL; digital version at New England Ancestors ($). These records identify migrants who left the county and often their intended destinations. Buckingham County's 1787 Delinquent List appears on p. 115.
- 1788, 1800 - Indexed images of the 1788 and 1800 Personal Property Tax Lists of Buckingham County, Virginia are available online, courtesy: Binns Genealogy.
- 1800 - "Buckingham County, Virginia 1800 Tax List," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1968):114-118; Vol. 12, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1968):162-168; Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1969):23-27. Available at New England Ancestors ($).
- 1815 - Ward, Roger D. 1815 Directory of Virginia Landowners (and Gazetteer). 6 vols. Athens, Georgia: Iberian Pub. Co., 1997-2000. Available at FHL. The source for this publication is the 1815 land tax. Buckingham County is included in Vol. 1.
Vital Records
Indexes to Buckingham County, Virginia Genealogy births, marriages, and deaths are available online. These collections are incomplete, but are easy to search. Most records can also be ordered electronically online as well. Courtesy: FamilySearch - free. See also How to order Virginia Vital Records
- 1660-1800 - Virginia Marriages 1660-1800 (Ancestry) ($).
- 1660-1959 - Virginia, United States Marriages at FindMyPast — index $
- 1740-1850 - Virginia Marriages 1740-1850 (Ancestry) ($).
- 1784-1794 - Lindsay, Mrs. James R. "Buckingham County Virginia Marriage Bonds, 1784-1794" (Only known marriage records during this period), Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2 (April 1963):13-14.
Vital Record Substitutes
The Virginia Historical Society's Marriage and Obituary Index, 1736-1820 (newspaper abstracts) is available for free online. Images of the original index cards are browseable, arranged alphabetically by surname.
|For birth, marriage, and death record substitutes, see Bible Records, Cemeteries, Church Records, Newspapers, and Probate Records.
Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Societies and Libraries
Family History Centers
Family history centers provide one-on-one assistance and free access to premium genealogical websites. In addition, many centers have free how-to genealogy classes. See family history center for more information. Search the online FHC directory for a nearby family history center.
Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy Websites
- Buckingham County, Virginia USGENWEB
- Buckingham County, VA History, Records, Facts and Genealogy (Familytree101)
- Cyndi's List
Buckingham County Virginia Genealogy References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Buckingham County, Virginia. Page 711 At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
- ↑ Wikipedia Contributors, "Buckingham County, Virginia," in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_County,_Virginia, accessed 12 January 2012.
- ↑ Burned Record Counties (VA-NOTES). (n.d.). Library of Virginia. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/va22_burnedco.htm.
- ↑ Lost Records Localities: Counties and Cities with Missing Records, 2, in Library of Virginia (accessed 4 April 2014).
- ↑ John Frederick Dorman, "Review of Burned County Data 1809-1848," in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1987):60-61.
- ↑ USGS Map, Topozone.com
- ↑ John Frederick Dorman, "Review of Buckingham County, Virginia, 1850 United States Census," in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1985):64. FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 29 (1985); digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Robert Baylor Semple and George William Beale, A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia (Pitt and Dickinson, 1894), 272. Digital version at Google Books.
- ↑ Mary Bondurant Warren, Buckingham County, Virginia, Church and Marriage Records, 1764-1822 (Athens, Ga.: Heritage Papers, 1993). FHL Book 975.5 A1 no. 306.
- ↑ William Meade, Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Co., 1861). Digital versions at Internet Archive: Vol. I and Vol. II.
- ↑ J.T. McAllister, Virginia Militia in the Revolutionary War: McAllister's Data (Hot Springs, Va.: McAllister Pub. Co., 1913), 26. Digitized by Internet Archive.
- ↑ Stuart Lee Butler, A Guide to Virginia Militia Units in the War of 1812 (Athens, Ga.: Iberian Pub. Co., 1988), 59. FHL Book 975.5 M2bs.
- ↑ G.L. Sherwood and Jeffrey C. Weaver, 20th and 39th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, c1994). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 105.
- ↑ Susan A. Riggs, 21st Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, c1991). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 72.
- ↑ Kevin C. Ruffner, 44th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1987). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 39.
- ↑ William A. Young Jr. and Patricia C. Young, 56th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1990). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 63.
- ↑ Charles W. Sublett, 57th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1985). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 21.


text:
Someone needs to tell the Windows 8 installation/upgrade team that they have a camel on their hands.
What is a camel? According to the old maxim, a camel is a horse designed by committee. And one of the new features of Windows 8's set-up stinks of compromise and committee.
The feature in question is the timed deletion of previous Windows installation on a hard drive — typically stored in a folder called Windows.old.
In Microsoft's own words:
This means that during the "apply" phase of [the] upgrade (once we are running in Windows 8), everything we need to preserve can be extracted from the Windows.old folder (as we touch no other folders during the upgrade), eliminating the need for a gather phase. Speaking of the Windows.old folder, we have also added a new feature that automatically deletes that folder four weeks after a successful install, so you don't have to worry about removing it. Of course, you can still use the Disk Cleanup tool to remove it immediately, if you prefer.
Isn't that nice of Microsoft? Rather than asking the user to remove files immediately after install, because it would be annoying for users to scour the web looking for device drivers, Windows 8 will give four weeks of leeway before "automatic deletion". I figure that four weeks is more than enough time for the user to make a mental note of checking that directory and turning around five weeks later to yell at the screen when the folder has disappeared.
I do hope that the above scenario is a large exaggeration, and that the user will be prompted numerous times to check the folder. Surely the best and easiest way to let the user delete the folder is to prompt them regularly to start up the Disk Cleanup tool and press the delete button themselves, instead of having the operating system delete a folder simply because a timer has expired.
With the improved set-up/upgrade process described in the blog post, having to fish into the remnants of a previous Windows installation should make a rare occurrence even rarer — the process is intended to be good enough to save all the personal files and programs that the user wants without going into the Windows.old folder.
Microsoft should either back itself and stand behind its new installation process, or, if a back-up of an old install is truly needed, let it be deleted with a user's authority.
This halfway house of deletion after a month is a bad compromise for all sides of this argument.
Bonus points for comments if you can tell me about how Microsoft's set-up telemetry works, or how hard linking of a partition's files to a transport location will work with formatting said partition.
Full Bio
Some would say that it is a long way from software engineering to journalism, others would correctly argue that it is a mere 10 metres according to the floor plan.During his first five years with CBS Interactive, Chris started his journalistic adventure in 2006 as the Editor of Builder AU after originally joining the company as a programmer.Leaving CBS Interactive in 2010 to follow his deep desire to study the snowdrifts and culinary delights of Canada, Chris based himself in Vancouver and paid for his new snowboarding and poutine cravings as a programmer for a lifestyle gaming startup.Chris returns to CBS in 2011 as the Editor of TechRepublic Australia determined to meld together his programming and journalistic tendencies once and for all.In his free time, Chris is often seen yelling at different operating systems for their own unique failures, avoiding the dreaded tech support calls from relatives, and conducting extensive studies of internets — he claims he once read an entire one.


text:
Professor Erik Winfree and colleagues have won a second $10 million award for research in molecular programming. "Computer science gave us this idea that many tasks can actually be done with different types of devices," Winfree says. For example, a 19th-century cash register and a 21st-century computer can both be used to calculate sums, though they perform the same task very differently. At first glance, writing a computer program and programming a DNA molecule may seem like very different endeavors, but "each one provides a systematic way of implementing automated behaviors, and they are both based on similar principles of information technology," Winfree says. This Expeditions in Computing Award will be used to take their work in molecular programming to the next level: from proof-of-principle demonstrations to putting the technology in the hands of users in biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. [Caltech Release]
- February 19, 2019 12:00 PM IST Lunch Bunch Speaker: Zhou Yu Annenberg 105
- February 19, 2019 3:00 PM CNS Seminar Speaker: Josh Tenenbaum Broad 100
- February 19, 2019 4:00 PM Special Seminar in Computing and Mathematical Sciences Speaker: Caroline Uhler Annenberg 105
- February 20, 2019 10:00 AM TCS+ Talk Speaker: Sepehr Assadi Annenberg 322
- February 20, 2019 2:30 PM ACM Special Seminar Speaker: Guanglian Li Annenberg 213
- More Events »
Past Events
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Alumni College: Caltech Computes
A day-long event that will explore the ways in which computational thinking is disrupting science and engineering, and creating entirely new disciplines with "CS+X".
Ten Years of DNA Origami
A symposium to honor Paul Rothemund's contribution to the field.
Caltech's premier interdisciplinary hackathon.
One Entangled Evening
A night of science and entertainment celebrating Feynman's quantum legacy.
CDS 20th Anniversary
Control and Dynamical Systems celebrates its 20th anniversary.
Southern California Symposium on Network Economics and Game Theory.
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Computer Science celebrated 25 years of innovative, ground-breaking research.


text:
Little town shows big heart in the face ofgrowth
Silicon Valley has pumped $50 million into California open space preservation since 1998. But this fall, on California's central coast, residents of the small town of Cambria showed that sheer will also goes a long way in the fight against development.
Hong Kong investors had plans to put over 250 homes on 417 seaside acres in the heart of Cambria. Then in March, most of the town's 6,000 residents joined forces with a state-funded preservation group in an effort to protect the property.
They succeeded: In November, the coalition put the East West Ranch under permanent protection.
"If it wasn't for the tenacity of the local community, this wouldn't have happened," says Carol Arnold, a staffer with the California Coastal Conservancy.
While Arnold's group put up $3.5 million of the needed $11.1 million, locals had to raise $2 million. Cambrians raised half the needed money through a flurry of rummage sales, fun runs and charity dinners. Just before Thanksgiving, a local bank agreed to add land worth $1 million to the East West property and the Coastal Conservancy kicked in matching funds. Other town, state and private groups filled in the remainder of needed funds.
"People are catching on that there's not much left to protect and we better act fast," says Cambria resident Doug Buckmaster, who spearheaded the protection effort.


text:
6月28日,一位市民在北京图书大厦的"爱心读诗亭"内,用经典诵读的方式参与"带本书给家乡的孩子"大型公益活动,为边远地区的孩子募捐图书。 "带本书给家乡的孩子"活动由北京团市委、北京电视台、北京出版集团、北京发行集团共同发起,今年采取"你读一首诗,我捐一本书"的形式,让市民用"诵读"的方式献出一份爱心。"爱心读诗亭"不仅会常驻北京图书大厦和王府井书店,还会到机场、火车站和学校等。活动开始一周以来,已有1万多人参与。
Love read poetry Pavilion debut in Beijing City In June 28th, a citizen in a "love reading Pavilion" at the Beijing book building took a classical reading to participate in the public welfare activities of children who bring books to their hometown, and to collect books for children in remote areas. "Take this book to their children" co sponsored by Beijing Municipal Committee, Beijing TV, Beijing publishing group, Beijing publishing group, this year to take you to read a poem, I donate a book "form, to allow the public to" read "the way gave a love. "Love reading Pavilion" will not only visit the Beijing Book Building and the Wangfujing bookstore, but also go to the airport, railway station and school. More than 10 thousand people have been involved in the event since the start of the week.