text:
Breastfeeding after Breast Reduction Surgery
Diana West
Gaithersburg MD USA
From: LEAVEN, Vol. 38 No. 4, August-September 2002 p. 75-79.
Since its publication in the summer of 2001, DEFINING YOUR OWN SUCCESS: BREASTFEEDING AFTER BREAST REDUCTION SURGERY by Diana West is becoming known among health professionals, lactation consultants, and Leaders as the definitive book on this topic. For a variety of reasons, breast reduction surgery is an experience that many women face or consider in today's culture. West brings her readers to an in-depth look at the various intersections of breastfeeding and reduction surgery and carefully lays out the options available to women so that they may direct their experiences with the confidence that breastfeeding is possible. This book is an incomparable resource for anyone dealing with mothers who are or wish to breastfeed and have had or are considering breast reduction surgery. La Leche League International is pleased to present a substantial excerpt from chapter four of West's book, DEFINING YOUR OWN SUCCESS: BREASTFEEDING AFTER BREAST REDUCTION SURGERY.
Breastfeeding after breast reduction surgery (BFAR) would be so much simpler if it were possible to clearly spell out each woman's abilities by saying that if she had "type A" surgery, and does "B," she will have "C" result. The truth is that there are so many variables that few experiences are the same. In fact, the range of BFAR experiences is extremely diverse and dependent upon myriad factors, including the type of surgery a woman had, and her state of mind, attitude, environment, support structure, and what she was able to do to prepare.
The Range of BFAR Experiences
BFAR experiences are comprised of combinations of variables of two factors: lactation capability and feeding method. A mother's lactation capability will fall somewhere on a continuum of possible experiences: there will either be a full milk supply, a partial milk supply, or no milk supply at all. Feeding method options will encompass feeding at the breast, feeding at the breast with an at-breast supplementer, and feeding with artificial feeding devices. The method by which a mother chooses to feed her baby will depend upon milk supply, the feeding method most appealing to her in terms of comfort and convenience, and her baby's preferences.
Determining Lactation Potential
When consulting with a plastic surgeon prior to breast reduction surgery, women are usually advised that the surgery will affect their lactation capability to some degree. Depending on the surgery, doctors commonly describe the potential capability by stating that there is either no possibility that she will be able to lactate, a "50/50" chance, or that it will not affect her lactation capability at all. What the surgeons perceive as the answer to the question of lactation capability, however, and what women really need to know can be quite different. A surgeon's projections of lactation capability is often based on the assumption that any lactation is full lactation. It is not often qualified by how much of a milk supply the mother will have. In fact, the "50/50" chance so often quoted refers to having a 50 percent chance that she can lactate at all. The critical information to a future mother, however, is not whether she will be able to lactate at all, but rather how much she will be able to lactate.
It may be that the reason plastic surgeons tend to predict post-surgical lactation capabilities in terms of "all" or "nothing" is because the process of lactation is not well understood by many physicians, especially those outside of the obstetrical/gynecological and pediatric specialties. In fact, the mammary system is comprised of many co-operative, redundant networks of glands and ducts. It is possible that some portion of the original number of gland/duct networks will remain intact after the surgery. It is even possible that some of the gland/duct networks that are damaged by the surgery will reconnect, which is known as "recanalization."
The body is remarkably resilient; almost all women who have breast reduction surgery will be able to lactate to some degree. But if a significant portion of the lactation system was impaired by the surgery, then the milk supply will not be enough to meet a baby's entire nutritional requirement.
Research Findings
Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of breast reduction surgery on lactation. Nonetheless, it is helpful to examine the latest research on lactation after breast reduction surgery as a fairly objective way to understand the probability of doing so.
One often referenced study by Harris et al. collected information by sending a standardized questionnaire to women who had had inferior-based pedicle breast reduction surgery. Seventy-three patients were contacted. Of the 68 who responded, 20 patients had become pregnant after reduction mammoplasty. All 20 women lactated. Seven of these women (35 percent) went on to breastfeed successfully. Thirteen (65 percent) decided not to breastfeed or discontinued breastfeeding for personal reasons. This study does not actually provide a great deal of information beyond indicating that the women studied were able to lactate.
A study published in early 2000 specifically investigated the impact of the inferior pedicle reduction technique upon lactation. Brzozowski et al. sent a standardized questionnaire to 334 women who had had this type of surgery between 1984 and 1994, ranging in age from 15 to 35 years at the time of surgery. In the questionnaire, they defined successful breastfeeding as the ability to feed at the breast for at least two weeks.
Seventy-eight patients had children after their breast reduction surgery. Fifteen of the 78 patients (19.2 percent) breastfed exclusively, 8 (10.3 percent) breastfed with formula supplementation, 14 (17.9 percent) had an unsuccessful breastfeeding attempt, and 41 (52.6 percent) did not attempt breastfeeding. Of the 41 patients not attempting to breastfeed, 9 patients did so as a direct consequence of discouragement by a health care professional. Of the 78 women who had children postoperatively, a total of 27 were discouraged from breastfeeding by medical professionals with only 8 of the 27 (29.6 percent) subsequently attempting to breastfeed, despite this recommendation. In comparison, 26 patients were encouraged to breastfeed; nineteen (73.1 percent) of them did subsequently attempt breastfeeding. Postpartum breast engorgement and lactation were experienced by 31 of the 41 patients not attempting to breastfeed. Of these 31 patients, 19 believed that they would have been able to breastfeed due to the extent of breast engorgement and lactation experienced.
This study concluded that:
Given the use of an inferior flap mammaplasty technique and patient encouragement, the possibility for breastfeeding after reduction mammaplasty exists. This prevalence falls near the breastfeeding rate found in the population not having undergone breast surgery, according to an article in the Canadian Journal of Public Health.
Another study also published in early 2000 by Ahmed and Kolhe compared the nipple and areolar sensation after breast reductions that used the free nipple and inferior pedicle surgical techniques. They found some degree of recovery of nipple and areolar sensation in all patients, with areolar sensation being similar in the two groups, but nipple sensation being superior in the inferior pedicle group. This was particularly interesting because it had always been widely believed that the free nipple technique resulted in a complete loss of nipple and areola sensation. This would have a severe impact upon lactation since milk production depends a great deal on responding to nerve stimulation during breastfeeding. This study gives new hope to those who had the free-nipple surgical technique, especially those for whom considerable time has elapsed.
Finally, a study by Sandsmark et al. in 1999 compared the effects of the superior and inferior pedicle techniques. The 292 patients studied had received surgery between 1984 and 1990. Two hundred and thirty-three received the superior pedicle technique, 36 received the inferior pedicle technique, and 23 had other types of reduction surgery. Not surprisingly, the authors found that the inferior pedicle technique yielded better results in terms of increased sensitivity, particularly of the nipple-areola complex, and better lactation.
The information in texts, both clinical reference books and more popular consumer-oriented books, differs greatly in the opinions presented on the possibility of breastfeeding after breast reduction surgery. Drs. Riordan and Auerbach present the most accurate information in their book, Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, in which they state that "Full breastfeeding may be possible with the pedicle technique, but it is rarely possible with the free-nipple technique, because blood supply of the nipple-areola is completely severed." This conclusion is quite accurate; the free-nipple technique yields a significantly diminished probability of lactation.
Certainly, the research available on breastfeeding after breast reduction surgery needs to be expanded. In Surgery of the Breast, Principles and Art, edited by Scott Spear, it is stated that:
Lactation after breast reduction remains an unresolved question. Normal lactation after reduction certainly occurs frequently but may be impaired in some patients. The precise percentage or number of patients with impairment of lactation after breast reduction remains to be documented in future studies.
With the increased prevalence of women who want to breastfeed following breast reduction surgery, it is likely that more research into this field will occur, resulting in even better developments in reduction mammoplasty surgical techniques to preserve the lactation function.
Baseline Lactation Capability
As the research and anecdotal evidence demonstrates, the question is not whether a woman will have milk, because she almost certainly will. The true question is how much milk she will have. In order to project what the likely lactation potential will be for a mother, several critical factors that define the state of a woman's present mammary system must first be considered. These factors do not determine the lactation capability, however. They are merely an indication of a mother's baseline lactation capability.
Type of Surgery
The starting place to determine the baseline lactation capability is to know what type of breast reduction surgery a mother experienced. This information is important because some surgical techniques preserve more lactation tissue than others.
Although the type of reduction surgery experienced will have a significant impact on future lactation capability, the aspect of the breast reduction surgery that is most likely to affect lactation is the surgical treatment of the areola and nipple, which can vary even among similar surgical techniques according to the individual woman's anatomy and the surgeon's skill. The surgeries that have resulted in the greatest lactation capability are those in which the areolas and nipples were not completely severed, even though they may have been moved. Many women believe their areolas and nipples were severed because they have a scar around the outside of the areola. They may also know that the areola and nipple were moved, and therefore assume they must have been severed to do so. With surgical techniques performed since 1990, this is unlikely to be the case. Most current breast reduction surgical techniques involve moving the areola and nipple attached to a wedge of tissue, called a pedicle, which contains the lactiferous sinuses. The pedicle remains attached to the ducts that connect to the lactiferous sinuses, as well as the primary nerves. If damage to the lactation system occurs in these types of surgeries, it is more likely to be a result of cuts deeper in the breast tissue, where glands were removed along with fatty tissue and ducts were severed.
The types of surgeries that
utilize the inferior pedicle technique have consistently yielded the
greatest lactation results. However, in his book, Everything You
Wanted to Know about Cosmetic Surgery But Couldn't Afford to Ask,
Dr. Alan Gaynor states:
There are slightly different methods of doing the same technique. The inverted T is most widely used. Several techniques use this approach because it is possible to maintain the integrity and function of the breast. The internal treatment of the gland can vary a lot according to the surgeon.
There are, of course, breast reduction surgical techniques that do completely sever the areola and nipple from the breast. These techniques were commonly performed in the 1970s and 1980s before the more advanced pedicle techniques were developed. They are also occasionally performed on women who, according to the judgment of the surgeon, have such large breasts that the pedicle technique would not provide satisfactory results.
When the areola and nipple have been completely severed, lactation will be far less likely. However, although it is not common with non-pedicle surgery, some possibility of lactation remains because of the miraculous process of recanalization. On occasion, women who have had their areolas and nipples completely removed have been known to be able to easily express colostrum during pregnancy. While this was certainly a good sign and proved that some ducts had recanalized, they later found that they were able to produce very little milk. This is usually because the severed nerves prevent the lactation system from producing milk in response to nerve stimulation at the nipple and areola. Colostrum is produced easily because it is hormonally driven and not dependent upon nipple/areolar stimulation. Only very rarely have women with completely severed areolas and nipples produced a significant milk supply, and usually this is a result of the use of substantial amounts of galactagogues. Of course, the amount of the milk supply does not at all preclude any woman from having a deeply satisfying breastfeeding relationship because she can supplement at the breast with a specially designed at-breast supplementer.
Length of Time between Surgery and Subsequent Pregnancy
The next important consideration that influences milk supply is the length of time between surgery and subsequent pregnancy. The anecdotal experience has been that, despite the type of surgery, a woman seems to have a better milk supply when her surgery occurred five or more years before her pregnancy. This could be the result of three separate physiological processes, each of which contributes to repairing and developing the mammary system.
The first two of these processes, recanalization and reinnervation (regrowth of ductule and neural pathways, respectively), are pertinent to mention in this context because both healing processes are more probable when the interval between the surgery and the pregnancy is greater. Both processes are also directly responsible for increases in the milk supply. Although recanalization seems to result more from the demands of actual lactation, it is still probable that some recanalization, like reinnervation, would occur as a normal healing process of the body.
The third beneficial process is the normal, progressive linear development of the mammary system, wherein hormonal influences result in further mammary system development with each menstrual cycle experienced until the event of the first pregnancy, when the mammary system normally becomes fully mature. A longer length of time between the surgery and the pregnancy enables this process to redevelop mammary tissue.
Breast Changes during Pregnancy
Ask the mother whether she has experienced any enlargement, including a feeling of heaviness, of her breasts during pregnancy. Also, has she had any soreness or tenderness? Changes such as these during pregnancy will not indicate how much of the mammary system is functioning or if ducts are connected to the nipples, but they do indicate that the breast tissue is responding appropriately to hormonal influences and that at least some of the mother's mammary system is intact. If the mothers has been pregnant before her surgery, these changes will be less pronounced during this pregnancy than during previous pregnancies, but they should still be present to some degree.
Recanalization and Reinnervation
Recanalization is a very exciting physiological phenomenon for BFAR women. It is the process wherein breast tissue actually regrows, reconnecting previously severed ducts. On occasion, completely new pathways that permit transportation of the milk from the glands to the nipple may be formed. The most profound instances of recanalization seem to occur in direct response to lactational demand. This means that any efforts to lactate encourage the mammary system to reestablish the mammary ductule system. Of course, at this time, the process of recanalization is not well enough understood to be able to predict the extent to which recanalization will (or can) occur. Because it seems to be directly correlated with the duration and degree of lactation, a mother whose previous lactation efforts resulted in an incomplete supply may find that future attempts result in a much greater yield. In some mothers, recanalization has resulted in a complete milk supply for subsequent children. As a general rule, the longer the lactation experience, the greater the extent of recanalization will be.
Reinnervation, on the other hand, seems to occur in response to the passage of time and the body's normal regenerative process, rather than as a result of previous lactation events. Reinnervation is the process whereby the nerves that serve the nipple and areola that were damaged by the surgery are regenerated. The nerves of the nipple and areola are critical to the process of lactation, so regeneration of such nerves would be a key component of increased lactation capability. Many BFAR women wonder if the sensitivity currently present in their nipples and areolas is indicative of the state of the lactational nerve connections. The answer is that if they are once again responding normally to touch and temperature, it may indicate that the nerve infrastructure is functioning well and would therefore conduct the appropriate sensations to the pituitary gland for production of prolactin and oxytocin. Of course, the ability of the mammary system to fulfill the demand is dependent upon the state of the glands and ducts. Nonetheless, the longer the length of time since the surgery, the greater the chances that the nerves critical to lactation have regenerated, which is an important factor for lactation.
Inherent Yield
Each woman is capable of an inherent lactation capability that existed before her surgery according to her own unique physiology and anatomy. Some women tend to have copious milk supplies, perhaps even to the point that it presents a problem. A certain percentage of BFAR women would have had this "problem" had they not had the surgery. What this means for them, though, is that their lactation system will compensate very well for surgical damage and they will have better milk supplies because of their greater inherent yield.
Many surgeons have told prospective breast surgery patients that because their breasts were so large, they would never have been able to successfully breastfeed anyway. This is patently untrue and unjustly shifts the responsibility for lactation insufficiency from the surgery to the woman's inherent physiology. The truth is that the size of a woman's breasts does not bear any impact upon her ability to lactate. An incomplete milk supply following breast reduction surgery is almost invariably a direct result of that surgery. It is not a result of the woman's natural breast size.
There is a natural fluctuation to a woman's milk supply over the course of breastfeeding that is unrelated to the surgery, but is rather a normal process for all lactating women. Contrary to common belief, mothers do not initially produce eight ounces of milk at a feeding, nor do newborns need such a large amount of food. Instead, their bodies begin producing milk in much smaller quantities that are perfectly suited to the needs of their babies at the particular age they may be. For instance, even in women who have not had reduction surgery, colostrum is produced in mere teaspoons during the first few days after birth. When the milk matures over the next few weeks, it is normal and appropriate for a mother to only produce a few ounces per feeding. As the baby progresses through the standard growth spurts at about three weeks, six weeks, three months, and six months, the milk supply is correspondingly increased by the baby's increased demand so that a mother begins lactating in greater quantities. After the baby begins solids and begins nursing less, the milk supply decreases to produce only as much as the baby requires. This process continues in diminishing quantities until the baby no longer takes any milk and weaning has occurred.
Manipulated Yield
Many BFAR mothers increase their inherent milk supplies by manipulating them with herbal and prescription galactagogues (milk-inducing substances), special massage techniques, and pumping. These actions can be effective and can increase milk supply. Taking galactagogues in particular is a very common component of the average BFAR experience.
Birth Order
Most BFAR mothers find that they have a greater milk supply with each subsequent baby. Although recanalization and reinnervation certainly play a significant role in this, so does the increased experience, information, and support that she may have with subsequent babies. Each of these factors contribute to a woman's perspective about her BFAR experience.
Combinations of Feeding Methods
Because there are so many variables to consider, it is unrealistic to attempt to portray a "typical" BFAR experience. Yet reviewing the options, benefits, and challenges of various types of BFAR experiences can help present a clear illustration in your mind's eye of what each scenario may entail. A mother may find that she will want to use different techniques as her milk supply fluctuates and needs or priorities change.
When a baby requires full supplementation because a woman has no (or nearly no) milk supply, but still desires to breastfeed, she has several options:
- Feed baby exclusively at the breast with an at-breast supplementer
- Feed baby at the breast with at-breast supplementer plus use artificial feeding devices;
- Nurse at the breast for comfort plus use artificial feeding devices.
Mothers who are able to lactate, but still need to provide part of their baby's nutritional requirements with a supplement, have several choices:
- Feed baby exclusively at the breast combining active lactation with at-breast supplementing;
- Feed baby at the breast with at-breast supplementer, combined with active lactation, plus use artificial feeding devices;
- Feed baby at the breast plus use artificial feeding devices;
- Pump milk supply and feed baby with artificial feeding devices.
Even a mother who is producing a full milk supply has certain options as to how she will feed her milk to her baby. Some of these options may be influenced by the BFAR experience; others are choices available to all lactating mothers.
- Feed baby exclusively at the breast;
- Feed the baby at the breast and also pump and feed with an artificial feeding device.
- Pump and feed with artificial feeding device.
The Effort and Rewards of BFAR
Many new mothers wonder whether or not they want to face the challenges involved in breastfeeding after breast reduction surgery. It can be said with reasonable certainty that breastfeeding will entail more work and probably more worry for a mother who has had breast reduction. If supplementation is necessary, the efforts can sometimes seem very arduous and time consuming. Pumping and managing galactagogue intake can also be a lot of work. And it is certainly time consuming to learn about BFAR in order to be able to do it as well as possible. But the efforts expended in supplementing are usually no more than that expended by other bottle-feeding or partially breastfeeding mothers. And after the initial learning curve when mother and baby are working out their optimal system, things can run very smoothly.
If a mother is able to maintain breastfeeding, she will always have that special breastfeeding bond. She will be able to nurse to comfort and soothe her child.
If a mother supplements completely at the breast without lactating at all, she will be rewarded by an intimate breastfeeding relationship, as well as many of the structural benefits of breastfeeding, such as better facial development.
If it turns out that a mother can't have a breastfeeding relationship and decides to provide her child with human milk in a bottle, she will always have the satisfaction of knowing that her body provided a priceless gift at each and every feeding.
No matter how things turn out, as long as a mother continues to give her child any human milk at all, it will be well worth the effort. Every drop of human milk is a precious, enduring treasure for a child, and feeding him at the breast even if there is no milk at all will be deeply satisfying.
Keep in mind, though, that even when a mother has prepared in every way possible, her baby is likely to have a mind of his own. He may have very different ideas about how he wants to go about things. After all, when entering into a relationship, compromise is necessary.
The most important thing to keep in mind when preparing a mother for BFAR is that the reality will probably be much more intense than ever imagined. Reassure her that this is not because of her breast reduction surgery; it's because she is having a baby, and babies tend to turn the world upside down in an amazing way.
Ahmed, O. and P.
Kolhe. Comparison of nipple and areolar sensation after breast reduction
by free nipple graft and inferior pedicle techniques. Br J Plast
Surg Mar 2000; 53(2):126-29.
Brzozowski, D., M. Niessen, H. Evans, et al. Breast-feeding after inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000 Feb; 105(2):530-34.
Gaynor, A. Everything You Wanted To Know About Cosmetic Surgery But Couldn't Afford To Ask. New York Broadway Books, 1988.
Harris L., Morris SF; Freiberg A. Is breast feeding possible after reduction mammaplasty? Plast Reconstr Surg May 1992; 89(5): 826-29.
Riordan, J. and K. Auerbach. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, 2nd edition. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1999; 494.
Sandsmark, M., P. Amland, F. Abyholm, et al. Reduction mammaplasty. A comparative study of the Orlando and Robbins methods in 292 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg Mar 1999; 103(3):890-902.
Spear, S, ed. Surgery of the Breast, Principles and Art. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott-Raven, 1998; 673.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Pythium / Root Rot Problems in PVC Hydroponic System
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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2005 News Releases > September 2005 > Mosteller to present faculty recital on clarinet
Mosteller to present faculty recital on clarinet
Dr. Sandra Mosteller, assistant professor of music at Wayland Baptist University, will perform a faculty recital at 7:30 p.m. on Thursday, Sept. 22, in Harral Memorial Auditorium.
Mosteller will perform on both the clarinet and alto saxophone. Dr. Gary Belshaw, assistant professor of piano pedagogy, will accompany Mosteller on the piano as she performs Duo for Clarinet and Piano by Norbert Burgmuller. Mosteller will then perform Meditations, a piece written for a demi-clarinet by William O. Smith. The demi-clarinet is an instrument comprised of only the mouthpiece, lower joint and bell of a regular clarinet.
After a brief pause, Mosteller will return with two pieces for the alto sax. Dr. Belshaw will accompany her on A Ruckert Song by Gustav Mahler and Scaramouche by Darius Milhaud.
Admission is free and the public is invited to attend.


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Type: Defect
Status: Closed
Priority: Minor
Resolution: Completed
Affects Version/s: None
Fix Version/s: None
Component/s: None
Environment:Happens on cljsfiddle, among other environments.
In commit b8681e8 the implementation is
(-conj [coll entry]
(if (vector? entry)
(-assoc coll (-nth entry 0) (-nth entry 1))
(reduce -conj coll entry)))
Thus, e.g., (-conj {} "foo") results in an infinite recursion, and a stack overflow. This causes things like (merge {} "foo") to fail for the same reason.
Not sure what the purpose of the not-vector branch could be. I can't think of a situation where it would give a useful result. Maybe it could throw a more helpful error message.
This actually applies to all three map types. (In fact, in (-conj {} "foo"), the map is an array map.) In Clojure, conj on a map works with a number of argument types:
1. map entries;
2. two-element vectors;
3. seqables of map entries.
The final case is, perhaps surprisingly, the oldest one. Merging maps falls under it, since for map arguments it boils down to merge minus special treatment of nil (merge uses conj to merge pairs of maps); but arbitrary seqables of map entries are supported. (NB. these must be actual map entries, not two-element vectors!) This allows one, for example, to filter a map and conj the result of that into another map.
So, we want to support the legitimate use cases while maybe complaining about code that wouldn't work in Clojure if it's not too much of a problem performance-wise. An example of a call that we'd probably like to throw: {{(conj {} (list (list [:foo 1])))}}.
The attached patch makes the -conj implementations in all the map types use an explicit loop in the non-vector branch and adds some test for the resulting behaviour.
With patch 0001 (3d4405b), map conj fails for seqs, that don't implement -next.
(merge {:a 1} (hash-map :b 2)) ;;=> Error: No protocol method INext.-next defined for type cljs.core/NodeSeq: ([:b 2]) ... at cljs.core.PersistentArrayMap.cljs$core$ICollection$_conj$arity$2 (http://localhost:6030/:15569:42) ...
(merge {:a 1} (hash-map :b 2)) ;;=> Error: No protocol method INext.-next defined for type cljs.core/NodeSeq: ([:b 2]) ... at cljs.core.PersistentArrayMap.cljs$core$ICollection$_conj$arity$2 (http://localhost:6030/:15569:42) ...
I guess implementing INext is not part of the contract for ISeqable.-seq, which means NodeSeq doesn't have to implement it, right?
In that case, the right fix is to use next instead of -next inside of Map.-conj, when dealing with a (possibly user defined) seq of MapEntries.
Attached patch 0002 uses next instead of -next and adds tests for map-entry seqs not implementing INext
Good catch, thanks!
Another approach would be to use reduce, hopefully benefiting from IReduce speed boosts. Of course we'd need to use a custom reduction function wrapping -conj with a vector? check. The attached patch implements this.
Actually, scratch the part about IReduce speed boosts – sorry for the confusion!
Having run better benchmarks with the two patches on a recent build of V8 and I have to say that there doesn't seem to be much of a difference and actually the next-based approach comes out ahead sometimes. In Clojure, a hand-rolled loop-based "map-seq-conj" loses to a hand-rolled reduce-based impl consistently, as far as I can tell, although only by ~3-5%. I've been conj-ing seqs over vectors of vectors, which should be friendly to reduce.
Despite no direkt speed boost in benchmarks, I'm fond of using reduce here. GC Pressure is hard to benchmark.
going to go with the next based patch.


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That's because, for more than two decades, Custom Coffees has put quality first. The company sees roasting as the key to quality, hence its carefully optimized roasting chamber and house roasting technique that takes more than 24 variables into account. The result is a system that can accommodate lovers of rich coffees, blonde coffees, and everything in between.


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Do you want a Spencer County Clerk who doesn't consider the office an arm of any political party? Abbigail Nation has the experience to know that the purpose of this office is to serve the public according to the Kentucky Constitution, not to make points with whatever administration is in power.
In the interest of good government, don't you think it would have been better management to keep an experienced deputy county clerk on the job?
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Revs will compete against 15 other MLS teams for $50,000 Pepsi Refresh Grant to support youth soccer coaches
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. – The New England Revolution has been competing against the other Major League Soccer teams on the field for the last 15 seasons. Now, the Revs will compete off the field as the team is part of a league-wide competition for a $50,000 Pepsi Refresh Project grant to better the teams' greater communities.
The Pepsi Refresh Project contest starts today and will run through Monday, Sept. 20, at 11:59 p.m. ET. Fans can cast up to 25 votes per day at MLSsoccer.com/PepsiRefresh.
Should the Revs win the Pepsi Refresh grant, the team will provide free CPR and AED training to approximately 500 youth soccer coaches throughout New England through the American Heart Association. Additionally, the coaches will receive at-home training and practice units for their teams and leagues.
"Having coaches prepared in the event a child suffers a cardiac-related incident on the field – no matter how unlikely the possibility – is very important. We're hoping our fans join us and help make this project a reality for coaches and families throughout New England," said Revolution midfielder Chris Tierney, the team's player spokesperson for the project who has also coached soccer at the youth levels.
The Pepsi Refresh Project is a groundbreaking effort to foster innovation in social good that will award more than $20 million this year to fund great ideas that help impact the world. Throughout 2010, Pepsi will fund ideas that will move the world forward in six categories: Health, Arts & Culture, Food & Shelter, The Planet, Neighborhoods and Education. The Pepsi Refresh Project, which launched Jan. 13, features significant social engagement around people and the power of ideas. People are encouraged to submit their ideas and to cast a vote for their favorite ideas at www.refresheverything.com.


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LEDs are rapidly growing as the preferred light source for efficient interior and exterior lights. The relative efficiency of LEDs compared to incandescent and even compact fluorescent lighting makes them particularly attractive, plus they demonstrate long life and good physical durability. Ongoing research continues to improve the color characteristics and luminous output of LEDs.
However, the design of LED luminaires presents some unique design challenges. Unlike incandescent lights in particular and to a lesser extent compact fluorescent lights, LEDs are quite sensitive to temperature. Like other semiconductor devices, LED failure rates dramatically increase as the junction temperature exceeds 100°C.
Additionally, the light output, color characteristics and electrical characteristics all vary with temperature. Because of this, the best simulations of LED luminaires will couple the electrical, thermal and flow effects together. This webcast demonstrates several LED luminaire simulations using STAR-CCM+ including a coupled electrical-thermal-flow simulation and the optimization of a heat sink for an LED luminaire.


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Jump to navigation
SunWatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park
2301 West River Road
Dayton, OH 45417
United States
Celebrate International Archaeology Day! Specialists will be on hand to discuss artifacts and help you identify the origins of hidden treasures found in your home. Experienced and knowledgeable guides will be available to answer questions as visitors take a stroll through this historically rich and picturesque Village. Also try your hand at using an atlatl. Admission to this event is FREE to the public.
AIA Tours


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Tri-Community Ambulance Service will hold its 10th annual basket auction on Sunday, Sept. 9.
The event will start at noon with drawings for more than 150 baskets beginning at 5 p.m. Participants need not be present to win. Large ticket items also will be available for bid and there will be raffles throughout the day. The Explorer post will be selling food.
Admission is $5 and includes 25 auction tickets, door prize ticket and dessert. Extra auction tickets will be available.
This is the only fundraiser Tri-Community Ambulance holds during the year and it receives no government funding. Tri-Community has been serving the communities of Wheatfield, Lewiston and Cambria since 1956. It also provides ambulance service for Bergholz, St. Johnsburg, Sanborn and Pekin fire companies.


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River Raisin Brewing Company was formed in 1996.
We make a beer wort for the prospective amateur beer maker that
has very little time to spend putting together a time consuming beer
kit. All the brewer must do is add yeast, ferment, and bottle. No muss, no fuss.
(This wort is not made from malt syrup.)
To this day, we help people produce any kind of beer they want from
grain or extract or a combination thereof. If you are in need of
personal help making your favorite kind of beer or wine, give us a
call at (734) 529-3296. Ask for Joshua Fink, or Bill Falk.
Our store hours are: 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m.
on Saturdays, and closed on Sundays.


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This is probably the best brownie recipe I have ever had, hands down. If you like a chewy brownie, this is for you. The nuts give it a bit of saltiness and crunch and the caramel gives you that chewy sweetness that forces you to slow down in eating it before you inhale it and go back for seconds. I hope you enjoy this recipe is as much as I do!
Dark Chocolate and Salted Caramel and Peanut Brownies – Serves 12 brownies
1 stick butter, plus a little more greasing your pan, 10 oz of chewy caramels (chewier the better), 1/3 C flour, 1/4 C unsweetened cocoa, 6 oz. bittersweet chocolate, 1 oz. of dark chocolate, 3/4 C sugar, 3/4 brown sugar, 4 large eggs, 1 tsp. vanilla extract, 1/4 tsp. salt and 1 C roasted, salted peanuts.
IMPORTANT! Line the bottom of a 9″ square baking pan with parchment paper. Foil works, but does stick to the brownies. Also and 8″ pan works, but you do have bake a little longer. Paper is important though in cutting the brownies. Butter paper an sides of the pan. Place caramels, flour and cocoa in a med bowl and toss to combine. Set aside.
In a double boiler, set over simmer water, melt butter. Ad chocolates and stir until melted. Remove from heat and let cool about 10 min.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. In a large bowl whisk together sugar, eggs, vanilla and salt until very thick. Stir in chocolate mixture and peanut until just combined.
Spread brownie batter in pan. Bake for 30 min. Transfer to a wire rack and cool in pan. Refrigerate brownies until chilled, 3-4 hours before cutting.


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Saturday, December 3, 2011
Why are we allowing this to happen to our children...NO MORE EXCUSES
4 comments:
- Mark p.s.2 said...
Stan, it is good to see you blogging again!
What or who is going to stop the "helping" of the children?
When is it going to stop?
The problem may solve itself in twenty years.
Maybe sooner if the Government money runs out.
- December 4, 2011 at 5:03 PM
- Tracy said...
Hi, Stan. Good to see you here. I've been away from Blogger for a while, but will be dropping by again to see more posts.
- January 9, 2012 at 3:51 PM
- Dedicated_Dad said...
Here is another **QUINTESSENTIAL** EXAMPLE of an ultimately INDISPUTABLE fact:
There is *NO* situation that government cannot make WORSE by getting involved!!
When I was a child there pretty much WEREN'T any "foster homes" - at least not those run by the .gov.
Instead, people's families took care of the kids! If they had no family, then ... One kid I knew was raised by the parents of his best friend.
Others went to "orphanages" - usually run by churches or other private charity - which had their own issues, but sure as HELL were preferable to *THIS*!!
Now it's easy for family to step out of such situations - BECAUSE there is a "foster system" I can say "well, THEY will take care of him so I don't have to sacrifice..."
- January 29, 2012 at 9:22 PM
- Karel Lernout said...
If you agree with our cause against Ritalin, Concerta, Strattera and other psycho-stimulants being served to defenceless children, please like our page on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Anti.Rilatine.Concerta.Strattera
- August 22, 2012 at 7:10 AM
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Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases Fellowship Program
The following is designed as an introduction to the Pediatric Pulmonary Fellow Training Program. Debra M. Boyer, M.D. directs the training program.
Applications for the Fellowship Program consist of a personal statement, curriculum vitae, and three letters of reference and should be submitted via ERAS. Questions should be directed to Donna Giromini, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Ms. Giromini may be contacted at (617) 355-6105.
Pulmonary Division Overview
The Division of Respiratory Diseases at Children's Hospital, Boston, carries out a range of activities in basic science and clinical research, provides outstanding clinical care, and maintains an active fellowship training program.
Members of the Division staff provide clinical care for infants, children, and young adults with a variety of chronic and acute respiratory disorders. The Division's Cystic Fibrosis Center cares for approximately 579 patients, half of whom are adults. The clinical service accounts for 7,500-8,000 inpatient days and 3,500-4,000 outpatient visits each year. There are greater than 400 bronchoscopy procedures performed each year including bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsies. Additional procedures performed with the aid of bronchoscopy include whole lung lavage, airway dilation, airway stent placement, and removal and/or biopsy of airway lesions. The Lung Transplant service cares for patients both pre-, peri- and post-operatively.
The Pulmonary Function Laboratory performs 7,000 tests each year, including arterial blood gas drawing , exercise studies, and lung function studies. Some of the lung function studies performed include spirometry, measurements of total lung capacity and its subdivisions by body plethysmography and helium dilution, diffusing capacity, airway challenge studies, infant pulmonary function studies, assessment of respiratory strength, and graded cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Seventy-five percent of these studies are carried out on outpatients. The Division's Sweat Test Laboratory performs 1,200 studies each year.
The Division is actively engaged in training physicians and medical researchers about the manifestations and mechanisms of pediatric pulmonary diseases. Members of the Division teach several courses at Harvard Medical School. The Pulmonary Service at Children's Hospital is a core rotation for pediatric house officers in the Boston Combined Residency Program.
Fellowship Program
The Fellowship program in Pediatric Pulmonology is a three-year program designed to provide a balanced clinical and research experience. In addition, the fellowship is designed to insure that all fellows meet criteria for certification in Pediatric Pulmonology by the American Board of Pediatrics at the end of their fellowship. Dual fellowships performed in conjunction with other pediatric subspecialties may be arranged. In general, three new fellows are accepted into the program each year. The first year of training is dominated by clinical experience on the inpatient hospital services and in the outpatient Pulmonary/Cystic Fibrosis Program while the second and third years have their focus on research activities.
The inpatient hospital services of the Division are divided between the Pulmonary Inpatient Service, the Pulmonary Consult Service and the Bronchoscopy service. The Inpatient Service serves as the admitting service for patients with acute and chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, BPD, pneumonia, pleural effusions, pneumothoraces, congenital malformations and many others. The Inpatient Service is generally composed of an attending physician, a pulmonary fellow, a nurse practitioner and three junior pediatric residents. The fellow is responsible for supervisory duties under the direction of the attending. The Inpatient Service averages 562 pulmonary discharges per year with an average length of stay of 8 days. The Pulmonary Consult Service provides consultative services to all programs and services within Children's Hospital, Boston as well as to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units at Brigham & Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital. The Pulmonary Consult Service consists of an attending and a pulmonary fellow. The Division's consultation service is asked to advise on the care of approximately 400-500 patients per year.
As mentioned, the Bronchoscopy Service performs greater than 400 bronchoscopic procedures each year. While on the Bronchoscopy service, the fellows will also be responsible for interpreting pulmonary function tests performed in our laboratory under the direction of an attending physician. When not on one of the three services described above, the first year fellow will choose among a variety of electives as well as take one month of vacation. Night call for the Pulmonary Service from Monday through Thursday is directed to one of the fellows on Service and is taken from home. Weekend coverage is rotated among all of the fellows.
Fellows follow their own template of ambulatory patients in the Pulmonary/Cystic Fibrosis Clinic under the supervision of an attending physician. All fellows attend clinic longitudinally throughout their three years of training. The Pulmonary/Cystic Fibrosis Program conducts multidisciplinary clinic sessions where nutritional, physical and respiratory therapy, social service, nursing, and physician services are provided. There are approximately 11,000 outpatient visits to the Pulmonary and Cystic Fibrosis Clinics per year. Interesting and/or difficult patients are reviewed during the weekly clinical conference. In addition to their continuity clinic, second and third year fellows rotate through our sub-sub-specialty clinics to gain further clinical exposure to these patients. These clinics include; BPD, sleep, CDH, Transplant, Exercise evaluation and Aerodigestive Clinic.
During the initial period of clinical experience, the fellows also familiarize themselves with various research opportunities. Fellows in Pediatric Pulmonology pursue a research project during the second and third years of their training. This project can be in either clinical or bench research. Selection of a project is guided by consultation with the Fellowship Director, the Division Chief, and other members of the Division. The research progress of the fellow during the latter years of fellowship is monitored and facilitated through biannual presentations before a Scholarship Oversight Committee.
Near the end of the first year, the emphasis shifts to research, and this focus continues throughout the second and third years of training. While the majority of their time is spent pursuing their research projects, second and third year fellows will spend approximately 6-8 weeks on a combination of the Inpatient, Consult and Bronchoscopy services.
The fellowship director has developed a Pediatric Pulmonary Fellowship Boot Camp that all fellows in the program will participate in. This occurs longitudinally during their training and will entail simulation activities to allow exposure to a variety of clinical situations.
Research Activities:
Members of the Division are engaged in laboratory and clinical research projects in a wide variety of areas. He along with Norma Gerard, Ph.D., and coworkers in the Ina Sue Perlmutter Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory investigate mechanisms of inflammation and in particular focus upon the family of G protein coupled receptors, which serve by way of chemokine binding to direct the migration of leukocytes. Mouse genetic models and in vitro transfection and expression analyses are used to understand the complex balance between the defense against infection and the excessive inflammation characteristic of Cystic Fibrosis. The laboratory is now focusing upon the development of biofilms to answer several questions, including whether proteins in such films are host or bacterially derived, how and when G protein receptors are activated, and what the relationships of CFTR may be to biofilm development. Other members of the Division have participated or are currently participating in bench research in laboratories located elsewhere in the immediate area, including the Pulmonary Division at Brigham & Women's Hospital, the Channing Laboratory at Brigham & Women's Hospital, the Respiratory Physiology Program of the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, and the Whitehead Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Our basic science investigations also include:
Studying roles of innate immune components, including the programmed death receptor, complement receptors and eosinophils on the pulmonary responses to respiratory viral infections
Exploring novel strategies to prolong lung allograft survival by modifying the immune response in preventing T cell activation and promoting tolerance
Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation and injury using MMP deficient mice
Understanding the role of systemic inflammation and disease by studying the pro-inflammatory condition of obesity and diabetes
Studying how extracellular matrix components modulate the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases
Analyzing the genomic make-up of hundreds of organisms in the sputum of patients with CF, potentially to lead to the identification of new drug targets
Investigating the potential use of cell-based therapies (ex. stem cells) to potentially restore lung function
The division has a number of investigators involved in a wide variety of clinical research projects as well, including:
- Pulmonary outcomes of prematurity
- Quality improvement in cystic fibrosis
- Prevention of acute rejection in lung transplant patients
- Assessing healthy children for signs of OSA
- Analyzing home based sleep studies
- Improving triage and diagnosis of OSA in children with Down syndrome
- Pulmonary Exercise Physiology
- Development of a Pediatric Pulmonary Fellowship Boot Camp
- Examining the Balance of Education and Service in Pediatric Training
- Studying urinary biomarkers as a predictor of renal dysfunction in CF
- Salivary diagnostics of markers of inflammation in CF
- Identified as a Therapeutics Development Center of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and is currently engaged in a variety of early clinical trials involving novel therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis
- Vertex Potentiator trials in Cystic Fibrosis
- Inhaled Levofloxacin in Cystic Fibrosis
- Studying the clinical implication of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
- Clinical manifestations of pulmonary hypertension
- Developing a National Database for Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease
- Environmental risk factors for asthma morbidity in children
Our fellows choose a research project based on their own interests after careful consultation with the program leadership. These projects may be bench research, clinical/epidemiological and/or translational.
Collaborative research arrangements within the Harvard Medical area are extensive and include the Divisions of Newborn Medicine, Immunology, Allergy, Gastroenterology and others within Children's Hospital, Boston; the Respiratory Division of Brigham & Women's Hospital; the Physiology Department of the Harvard School of Public Health; and the Channing Laboratories at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The research progress of the fellow is monitored and facilitated through biannual presentations before the fellow's Scholarship Oversight Committee. In addition to selecting a research project, several fellows in the Division have completed additional courses of study during their fellowship years, including a Masters Program in Public Health offered by the Harvard School of Public Health.
Educational Activities
In addition to their clinical duties and hands-on research experience, fellows participate in several conferences each week. The Division sponsors a weekly clinical and research conference series; a weekly fellowship curriculum conference, which covers a two-year curriculum in Pediatric Pulmonology; and a weekly clinical case conference, which alternates with a journal club and Morbidity and Mortality conferences. Clinical case conferences are also held weekly at the New England Pediatric Pulmonary Consortium, which has a typical attendance of 15-25 pediatric pulmonologists from the region. All trainees and staff members in the Division are encouraged to attend these conferences. Finally, there are a wide variety of conferences held within the Longwood Medical Area, centered on Harvard Medical School, which are of interest.
Sample Weekly Conference/Clinic Schedule
12:00-1:00 PM Pulmonary Division Clinical and Research Conference
1:00-5:00PM Fellow's Continuity Clinic
11:00AM-12:00PM Fellow's Seminar
12:00- 1:00PM Case Conference/Journal Club/M+M
7:30-9:00 AM New England Pediatric Pulmonary Conference
12:00-1:00 PM Pediatric Grand Rounds
12:00-1:00 PM Firm Rounds (clinical conference)
Faculty, 2011-2012
Debra Boyer, MD, MHPE, Interim Chief and Director, Fellowship Training Program
Alicia Casey, MD, Associate Director, Fellowship Training Program
Emily Barsky, MD
Lara Bishay, MD
Manuela Cernadas, MD
Carolyn Donovan, MD
Dawn Ericson, MD
Martha Fishman, Medical Director Ambulatory Program
Jonathan Gaffin, MD
Kenan Haver, MD, Director, Bronchoscopy Services
Lystra Hayden, MD
Eliot Katz, MD
Umakanth Katwa, MD
Virginia Kharasch, MD
Thomas Martin, MD, Director, Pulmonary Function Lab
Kara May, MD
Dennis Rosen, MD, Associate Medical Director, Sleep Disorders Program
Gregory Sawicki, MD, Associate Director, Cystic Fibrosis Center
Catherine Sheils, Director, Center for Infant Lung Development
Meera Subramaniam, MD
Ahmet Uluer, DO, Adult CF Center Director
Gary Visner, DO, Medical Director, Lung Transplant Program
Ruobing Wang, MD
Craig Gerard, MD, PhD
Division Chief
Norma Gerard, PhD
Associate Professor
Henry Dorkin, MD
Hyeryun Choe, PhD
PyongPark, PhD
Gary Visner, DO
Assistant Professors
Thomas Martin, MD
Debra Boyer, MD
Martha Fishman, MD
Kenan Haver, MD
Virginia Kharasch, MD
Catherine Sheils, MD
Christopher Hug, MD, PhD
Richard Parad, MD
Edward Lee, MD, MPH, Pediatric Radiologist
Gregory Sawicki, MD
Meera Subramaniam, MD
Assistant Clinical Professors
David A. Waltz, MD
Alicia Casey, MD
Carolyn Donovan, MD
Dawn Ericson, MD
Jonathan Gaffin, MD
LawrenceRhein, MD
Dennis Rosen, MD
Ahmet Uluer, DO
Clinical Instructors
Claudia Ordonez, MD
John McLaughlin, MD
M. Lawrence Reiner, MD
Clinical Fellows
First Year: Evan Bailey, MD
Rizwana Popatia, MD
Ruby Wang, MD
Second Year: Tregony Simoneau, MD
Lianne Kopel, MD
Phuong Vo, MD
Third Year: Kara May Palm, MD
Devika Rao, MD
Research Fellows
Rafael Aquino, PhD
Monali Bera, DVM
Kazutaka Hayashida, PhD
Khadije Iken, PhD
Stephanie Jemielity, PhD
Kaifeng Liu, MD, PhD
Akiko Ohno, PhD
Yvonne Teng, PhD
Deborah Yoder-Himes, PhD


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Tim McGraw vs. Easton Corbin – The Showdown
Carrie Underwood has won five straight Showdowns, meaning her song 'Blown Away' will become just the fourth song ever retired to the Taste of Country Showdown Hall of Fame. Today, two new songs will battle it out. Tim McGraw and Easton Corbin both have lead singles from new albums on the radio. Which do you like better?
'Truck Yeah,' McGraw's guitar-heavy country-rock anthem, is the rowdiest release he's had in years. The tongue-in-cheek title is a cherry on top of a red-hot tribute to the proud redneck looking to crank it up loud. His new album -- the first on Big Machine Records -- is expected to hit stores later this year.
Corbin's new song is called 'Lovin' You Is Fun.' It's a continuation of the traditional country sound the newcomer brought back to the radio with back to back No. 1 hits in 'A Little More Country Than That' and 'Roll With It.' The new album, 'All Over the Road,' is expected to be released in September.
Listen to clips of both McGraw and Corbin's songs and vote for your favorite here. You can vote once every hour online, so come back and vote often to be sure your artist wins. Hear the full versions of the songs tonight after 10PM on Taste of Country Nights, and vote again by calling (888) 678-9995. You can listen to the show online through any of the 33 radio stations that carry it. Voting will end tonight at 10:40PM CT.
Listen to a Sample of Tim McGraw, 'Truck Yeah'
Listen to a Sample of Easton Corbin, 'Lovin' You Is Fun'
Showdown Rules: The song with the most votes wins, and the winner goes on to face a new challenger in the next Showdown. Vote as much as once per hour. If a song wins five days in a row, it will be retired into the Taste of Country Showdown Hall of Fame to allow for new songs to compete. Some songs will be considered for a second Showdown if voter turnout is healthy in a losing effort.


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Morillo to Give LaFollette Lecture• October 4, 2011 Share:
Stephen Morillo, the Jane and Fredrick Hadley Chair in History at Wabash College, will present the 31st Annual LaFollette Lecture on Friday, October 7 at 4:15 p.m. in Salter Hall in the Fine Arts Center.
The LaFollette Lecture Series was established by the Wabash College Board of Trustees to honor Charles D. LaFollette, their longtime colleague on the Board. The lecture is given each year by a Wabash faculty member who is charged to address the relation of his or her special discipline to the humanities, broadly conceived.
This year's lecture will be given by Dr. Stephen Morillo of the History Department. His lecture title is "Ibn Khaldun Views Olitski."
In this lecture Morillo explores the relationship of World History, his academic discipline, to the humanities. Morillo uses Ibn Khaldun, the great Islamic historian of the 14th century, and Jules Olitski, the 20th century Russian-American abstract expressionist painter, as metaphorical lenses through which to examine the philosophical and conceptual problems raised by doing world history.
As both an historian and a painter himself, Morillo deploys his historical exemplars in ways that make this a very personal journey into the interdisciplinary world of the humanities.
The event is free and open to the public, and a reception will follow.


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heathrae needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 40 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
I run this project with a biz partner. I have several online businesses and this is my newest one. Our culture for this business is very relaxed and we like simplicity. We are not overly girlie yet are feminine. We are working with woman from all over the world so the design has to cross cultures. We want to beat out the competition with a more streamlined, simple, less wordy approach. Very stylish and sexy yet approachable.
For women only. Each blog within the community will attract different demographics – youngest will probably be late teens. We are targeting blog savvy women to start. The women who come to us are more stylish than the average woman, intelligent and are seeking to simplify their life and leverage their time using what others know.
Look we are after:
Global (appeal to all cultures)
One accent colour - prefer a shade of blue (see http://www.livesofawoman.com for a shade we like)
* we are open to more than one accent colour
Must have livesofawoman.com in a unique flowing font
Must have an icon with the number 13 that can be pulled from the text and used separately
Please go to http://www.livesofawoman.com to see a sample logo of the direction we are after - we like the look of the Om symbol and that is where inspiration came for what you see there for the 13.
Why 13 is important:
It is the number of topics we will cover and blogs we will have
We are positioning it as a lucky number
It is a strong feminine number
We will have a subscription part of our community called the "Lucky 13 Club"
Where will we use the logo:
Throughout our blog community
The icon portion will be posted on all of our contributors private blogs
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Trodden's All Things Metal Thread
Discussion in 'Off-Topic Discussion' started by Trodden, Oct 23, 2016.
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Page 41 of 44


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April 23, 2010
Wabash senior Mark Schultz has helped establish a new program at the College. Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) provides opportunities for students to gain hands-on experience in business, leadership, and service.
SIFE is an international organization that brings together leaders in higher education and business "to mobilize" college students to make a difference in their communities.
This isn't just about developing the next generation of corporate CEOs; this program is about instilling in young people social responsibility and ethical leadership.
Schultz learned about the program from a friend while studying in Germany in his junior year. When he returned to campus, he founded the Wabash chapter of SIFE — one of over 1,500 active teams comprising 42,000 students operating in 40 countries.
Campus teams brainstorm ideas in six major areas of business leadership, and develop projects that will have an impact on the community. They also compete against other teams from around the world.
"The purpose of SIFE is to develop responsible business leaders through educational outreach projects aimed at helping the community," Schultz said. "This gives us practical experience working in groups and leading one another. We're developing ideas and projects on our own, and that practical, hands-on experience helps us."
Areas of focus include Market Economics; Success Skills; Entrepreneurship; Financial Literacy; Environmental Sustainability; and Business Ethics. Schultz's Wabash team also added a seventh concern — sustainability of the team here on campus.
In getting started, Schultz and his teammates reached out to Scott Crawford and the staff of the career center and LaToshia Everson in the Wabash Financial Aid Office. Professor Christie Byun has also been helpful as an advisor.
The Wabash students identified problems in the community and developed plans and projects to address them, building leadership skills and civic responsibility along the way.
For example, new regulations require public schools to offer educational programs in basic economics. Wabash's SIFE team targeted a Lafayette middle school and developed a two-day "Market Economics" program (during math class) to teach students about supply and demand.
"We used products like an X-Box 360 to help students understand how they [as consumers] impact price levels," said Schultz, an economics major from Fort Wayne. "In our second trip, we taught students the function of money and who determines the amount of money in the U.S. We gave the kids a quiz before and after the program. Before the lesson, the average score was 28%. After our presentation, the average score rose to 78%."
In another activity, SIFE students tackled the problem that hammers so many college students — credit card debt and student loans. In a "Financial Literacy" program, SIFE tapped LaToshia Everson to present a three-part workshop that covered credit cards, debt, and investment.
The group's initiative has garnered the respect of Crawford in the Schroeder Center for Career Development.
"We in Career Services are always pleased to see students create campus organizations that help them develop their career goals and skills," Crawford said. "I am familiar with SIFE on a national level, and know the organization does a great job at preparing students to tackle real-life business issues, and I am excited to have a chapter here at Wabash."
Wabash's SIFE team also got some attention at a 60-team regional competition in Chicago. Schultz and seven other team members were honored with the "Rookie of the Year" award and also received a first runner-up in the league competition.
"Another motivation for starting SIFE here at Wabash was the competition in Chicago," Schultz said. "Along with the competition, there is a huge job fair with large employers who wouldn't normally target a school like Wabash to recruit future employees. SIFE gave us access."
Schultz got a job offer solely through his work with SIFE. He turned it down to hop on the management track at CIGNA, a large health insurance company.
One of the most visible and successful projects was initiated in the "Environmental Sustainability" category. SIFE team members put aluminum can recycling collectors in student living units. Getting the students to compete over the course of a month, the team collected 130 large (and very full) bags of what would have ended up in a landfill.
Schultz has spent time recently developing sustainability of SIFE at Wabash. He's handed off president's duties to Josh Raspopovich, and SIFE has now become linked to the College's Business Leaders Program.
"My main goal was to get things started on campus and in the community, and I think we've done that," Schultz said. "I look forward to seeing what the other guys can contribute to make SIFE at Wabash even stronger."


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White Five Peg RackWhite Five Peg Rack1
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from $32.99Knick Knack my own coat rack - Wood rack with five extended pegs has endless uses and adds charm to any room. Keyhole hooks for hanging. 30" x 5". Tool-less assembly. All Paint Certified Lead Free!! Sample displays the Ladybugs & Daises design.
In Stock ITEM # FIVE-WHI
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White Five Peg Rack
Love it! 01/20/2011
I bought this for my two girls to hang their dress-up princess costumes on. It looks beautiful - the only complaint is from my husband that the holes for screws to hang it are not made to fit studs. Why? I have no idea since it would have made it easier to hang. I love it besides that small issue!
White Five Peg Rack
Great for organizing princess dresses 02/06/2013
I bought this to hang in my daughter's room. We hung it at her level and put all of her princess dresses on it. This way she can get them down and hang them back up all by herself. 5 pegs is the perfect number of pegs! They did a great job decorating it!
White Five Peg Rack
I have bought 2 05/19/2009
I purchased a natural rack for my son's room and just ordered a second for our mud room. The hooks are ideal for coats and backpacks. Hung low so my little ones can access and hang up their own belongings.
White Five Peg Rack
Useful and Pretty 05/04/2009
Bought this for my kid's bath and hung it at their level. Now there are no excuses for towels and robes on the floor.
White Five Peg Rack
White Five Peg Rack 01/02/2014


text: The DLB had the good fortune to preview the upcoming season premiere of the long-running BBC sci-fi show Dr. Who Wednesday night, and it's crackerjack stuff. As part of just three audiences worldwide to preview the episode (entitled "The Impossible Astronaut), we were hosted by "InnerSPACE" hosts AJ Fry and Teddy Wilson and dedicated the evening to much-loved Dr. Who actress Elisabeth Sladen, who played companion Sarah Jane Smith and died this past week from cancer. In addition, we learned that Episode 4 will be the much-discussed Neil Gaiman-penned episode.


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Benjamin Skelton necesitaba un nuevo diseño de papelería y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 28 diseños de 10 diseñadores freelance.
Building Momentum Group
Building Momentum Group is a ground breaking consulting firm that is providing sustainability consulting services to help transform existing buildings into green buildings by providing affordable solutions and training occupants and owners hot to operate buildings efficiently. BMG also provides highly technical solutions for new building designs. Our demo website is up at http://www.buildingmomentumgroup.com if you'd like to see a little more about us.
Our audience is difficult because we go after two very different markets. Half of our market is existing building owners and the other half are architects and engineers. Enjoy!!!
Use our Logo in the design. Our prime color is green but we're open to one or a couple additional colors, we're considering a 'nice' blue as our alternate. We would like you to create all of our basic template files with a common theme. We need the following.
1. Report cover sheet
2. Letterhead
3. Memo Sheet
4. Meeting Minute Sheet
5. Fax Sheet (despite that being so outdated)
6. Stationary Pads
7. PowerPoint Template
8. Envelopes
We promote that we provide 'practical solutions' and we'd like to make sure our documents are practical. Keep things simple and clean, but highly professional. Please provide designs in Adobe or Microsoft Formats.


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The department has an endowed chair, the Lewis P. Jones Visiting Professorship in History, which makes it possible to have a prominent historian in residence for one semester every academic year. The Jones Visiting Professor teaches one course, gives one public lecture and meets informally with history majors. The Jones Professor also invites another eminent historian to come to campus for a public talk.
Lewis Pinckney Jones came from his native Laurens to Wofford as a student in the 1930s. After commanding three combat vessels during World War II he joined the Wofford faculty in 1946 and earned a Ph.D. in History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1952. At the end of World War II, he returned to his alma mater to teach English and History. With wit, charm and a keen mind he mesmerized Wofford students for the next 40 odd years, first as a young assistant professor and then as Chairman of the Department. Not only did Dr. Jones inspire Wofford students through his teaching, but through his writing and his innumerable public speeches to various meetings of book clubs, civic organizations and historical associations all over South Carolina. He soon established himself as the premier historian of his native state, equally recognized by his professional colleagues as well as by an enthusiastic public. Wofford honored him in 1972 by naming him the first holder of the prestigious William R. Kenan, Jr. Professorship; the state of South Carolina recognized him in 1987 by inducting him into the Order of the Palmetto, the state's highest honor. Dr. Jones wrote several books and articles on South Carolina history, among which was a wise and brilliant history of the state for laymen. George Dean Johnson, Jr. '64, who majored in history at Wofford, and his wife Susu endowed the Lewis P. Jones Visiting Professorship in History in 1996 to honor Dr. Lewis P. Jones and his wife, Denny, for the academic and social stimulation they had provided Wofford students for over forty years.
The Lewis P. Jones Visiting Professors, 1996- present
Spring 2018Ann C. Carmichael, Indiana University, emerita"The Black Death"
Spring 2017Ellen Ross, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Emerita"The First World War: The Home Fronts"
Spring 2016 Brian Wills, Kennesaw State University"Civil War Biographies"Fall 2014 William and Carla Rahn Phillips, University of Minnesota, Emeriti"The History of Spain"
Spring 2014 Judith P. Zinsser, Miami University of Ohio, Emerita"Biography: Fact or Fiction"
Fall 2012 Lloyd C. Gardner, Professor Emeritus, Rutgers University"The Imperial Presidency"
2012 Irina Podgorny, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina"Nature and Antiquities in the Americas: Museums and Collections in Nineteenth-Century Scientific Culture"
2011 Daniel Howe, Professor Emeritus, University of California at Los Angeles and Oxford University
2010 Alessandra Lorini, University of Florence, Italy "The United States and Cuba from the Nineteenth Century to the Present."
2009 Mannfred Berg, University of Heidelberg, Germany "Comparative US and German History"
2008 David Streckfuss, IES Coordinator for Thailand "Environmental History"
Spring 2007 Kenneth W. Harl, Professor of Ancient History, Tulane University "War, Society, Great Captains" Spring 2006 Steven Ozment, McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern Europe, Harvard University "Germans and Their History" 2004-2005 William E. Leuchtenburg, Kenan Professor, UNC-Chapel Hill "The American Presidency Since FDR" Fall 2003 Janice Susan Gothard - Murdoch University, Western Australia Exploring Australian History
Spring 2003 Susanna Delfino - University of Genoa, Italy Economic History
Spring 2002 Lucy Riall - Birkbeck College, University of London Italian Nationalism
Spring 2001 Carol Bleser - Clemson University Reconstruction History
Fall 2000 Eugen Weber - University of California, Los Angeles 19th Century European Intellectual History
Spring 1999 Catherine Clinton - Harvard University History of the Antebellum South
Spring 1998 Robert V. Remini - University of Illinois, Chicago Jacksonian American
Fall 1996 Dewey Grantham - Vanderbilt University Modern America Since 1945


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Learn how to read the liquid damage indicator (LDI) on the T-Mobile Concord.
Liquid Damage Indicator (LDI)
T-Mobile devices have an indicator that shows if it has been subjected to liquid damage. To read the Liquid Damage Indicator (LDI), follow these steps:
- Remove the back cover and battery from your device.
- View the images to read the label:
White LDI (indicates no liquid damage)
Pink or red LDI (indicates liquid damage)


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woodworking books, magazines, plans, videos
woodworking, videos, software, books, magazine, plans, workbench, table, tools, magazines, machinery, #woodturning, carving, free, download, woodshop, band
Charlestowne Woodturners: A club for those turning and wanting to turn in the Charleston area. We meet the 3rd Thursday of every month.
charlestowne, woodturners, #woodturning, forums, charleston, charlelston


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Wednesday, October 5, 2011
The Awkward Days, a Brief Post.
26 comments:
i never know what to do in my outfit posts either. i do weird things with my hands. but the worst offender is my face, causing me to appear cross eyed and weird looking.ReplyDelete
this dress is lovely.
I agree, I get really awkward around other people when taking photos. Its a shame because its true that the best places you're always around somebody and feel like a complete goon! I love that dress, like you I have been searching for a dress just like that, but every dress I've come across is way out of my budget. I'm glad you got such a steal, you look fabulous!ReplyDelete
very cute dress xReplyDelete
I have the same feelings towards taking pictures of myself. Always awkward especially when people are watching & I'm almost always doing something weird with my face.ReplyDelete
Oh my goodness. First look and I was SURE your dress was vintage! What a nice surprise that it's actually from H&M. (:ReplyDelete
And you shouldn't worry too much about posing in front of the camera. I used to obsess about it and freak myself out over every little detail, until I just stopped and posted whatever I came up with - acceptable or not. Haha. Good thing I have patient readers, eh? :p and Kater, you have the loveliest outfits (and the prettiest face) so really, you have nothing to worry about.
tried posting this comment through my phone.. dont think it worked though..ReplyDelete
dont worry girl, i totally do the same thing. i model a good deal, and i like doing it, but sometimes when it comes to just simple outfit photos i feel awkward. and as far as what to do in front of the camera, try posing in front of the mirror and see what angle works best. i do that sometimes.
Yep, that is why I hardly ever do outfit posts, it is sooo awkward and people always stare. You look lovely though! Very nice dress and I love the pin.ReplyDelete
Cute! I love the little bow tie pin. I also feel awkward posing for outfit shots... I never know what to do with my hands, especially.ReplyDelete
i love your lace dressReplyDelete
That's the cutest outfit! Haha, I usually smile awkwardly in front of the camera, it's like I just want to escape! xxReplyDelete
Way back when I had a blog I used to take a 100 pictures just to get one right. It works as a good therapy for a perfectionist to just take 10 and post one of them even though they're not up to your high standards.ReplyDelete
You look amazing, so I'm quite sure we wouldn't even notice if you'd post a "bad" picture!
I never know what to do with my outfit posts, either. Plus, lately I haven't been wearing anything cute. Blargh. You nailed it in this post. You're adorable and your outfits are lovely.ReplyDelete
Lauren @ Sea Parrot
That dress is hot!ReplyDelete
You look freakin' awesome Kater so none of this self-deprecation. I hear you on the dress... I was too snobby to buy something similar from H&M last year, and lo and behold, still haven't found one better either!ReplyDelete
P.S. This was ages ago, but wanted to say you inspired me to buy this dress:
Which involved a great deal of international plotting with another Emily, but was well worth it, so thank you! : )
I've got my few poses down, the ones I know I like and properly show the clothes. And then it's just a matter of memorizing how that pose feels to your body so you can reproduce it. I'm no good at casual posing so I just go with the obvious ones hah.ReplyDelete
That's a really pretty dress too, good call buying it. Speaking of walking in heels, I realized I have an easier time walking in 5" heels than I do in 2-3" heels, weird eh?
Ok, I'm taking this as my own personal mission (to find you a cream 60s shift that's at least as sweet as that honey you have on)!ReplyDelete
this dress is darling and it fits you so well. i feel the same way when it comes to outfit photos. i tend to always look a bit sad.ReplyDelete
Honestly, you always look wonderful in your posts, even if you do look a bit "awkward," to use your term. It seems like it's done on purpose rather than by mistake and gives a really interesting feel to your photos. I like it!ReplyDelete
I know that weird feeling. If you want to do something different maybe instead of posing you could just walk or move about and then get the pic. I hate posing too. I feel silly!ReplyDelete
that dress looks really great on you! i totally agree about the weirdness of outfit-photos (i was so mortified about being seen when i used to chronicle all of my outfits that i only ever took them in my room!).ReplyDelete
ps. weird and totally unrelated question, but are you still studying? i think you used to write about your studies ages ago, but i don't know if you've finished with them... i only ask because i have grad school on the mind at the moment, hehe!
I hate when people watch me take my photos! Hahaha...ReplyDelete
But you look amazing, I LOVEE this sweet dress.
Got a kick out of these ramblings, I do that all the time, tell myself I'll thrift it and then kick myself later. You look adorable here w/ the boots though, & I certainly usually feel awkward but find bags help a bit.ReplyDelete
Don't be so hard on yourself- you look great!ReplyDelete
Lindsey Turner
gorrrrrrgeous lace dress! taking outfit shots can def be incredibly awkward, but you look absolutely lovely and i'm sure you'll warm up to them eventually :)ReplyDelete
well you fooled me i thought it was vintage! looks amazing w/ those boots too!ReplyDelete
lovely dress!ReplyDelete


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Yakima Hockey
| Portions are © Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or distributed.
KIMA CBS Yakima, Washington covers news, sports, weather and events in the area, including Terrace Heights, Yakima, Union Gap, Selah,Toppenish, Tieton, Naches, Wapato, Sunnyside, Prosser, Grandview, Ellensburg, Zillah, Kittitas, and Granger.


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KuppingerCole Select
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Data Privacy & CX
Beyond the new data privacy regulations: how to improve customer understanding and the customer experience? When it comes to state-of-the-art sales and marketing, customer experience (CX) is a highly important topic. Creating and analyzing outstanding customer journeys while considering attractive and suitable marketing touchpoints are seen as key to success when it comes to omnichannel marketing. The customer experience depends on many factors, all of which have to be considered in terms of [...]


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|Hosted by:
|Westland Area Library
|Posted by:
|The event will start on :
|Sep 24, 2013 6:00 PM
|And will end on :
|Sep 25, 2013 7:00 PM
|Westland Area Library
|4740 W. Broad Street
Critical Conversations
Have you ever felt like you repeat the same conversation over and over? Do you ever feel that others are not appreciating your concerns? Crucial Conversation skills help us fully discuss and share our points of view. Adding these skills to our toolkit enhances our effectiveness in routine conversations as well as times when our emotions are reaching a critical stage.
Terri Vetter, MOD, SPHR, will facilitate a workshop to share the Crucial Conversation tools available on their website. Activities included in during the session provide opportunities to see the skills in action.
Learning Goals:
• Recognize the opportunity for a critical discussion as its unfolds
• Learn the traps we use to keep our self from leveraging the opportunity
• See how relationships improve when we enhance our critical discussion skills
Westland Area Library
Tuesday, September 24 at 6:00 p.m.


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Hi, I am a CM reader from Greece since 2008 and saw this request from views from on twitter some minutes ago. Here are my 2 cents:
- Has daily life changed since austerity measures began? If so, how?
The recession here really started in 2008, while the austerity measures began after May 2010, when the insolvency problem was made public and call for EU and IMF supprt help was made. Every goverment here, and as long as I can remember, claimed that will fight tax evasion which is a plague for our finances. What they end up doing lately is applying more taxes to the 40% that do not tax-evade and horizontally reduce wages of pentioners and public servants.
Daily life becomes harder by the day: as I use a lot of public transportation I have witnessed first-hand the increase of unoccupied shops around Athens and also the increase of beggars, criminality and general misery. Me and my wife are still employed in our early forties and haven't suffered much yet, although I had to cut down summer vacations to save for tax payment (I had already paid taxes for 2011, yet the government decided for every loyal greek citizen to give one more salary to the state !!!). Price of gas is ridiculously high (around €1.80/lt - should be around $8 per gallon or so)
On the good side, traffic is a lot thinner these days in Athens and a lot of "bullshit" shops were gone ("Cheese boutique" anyone ?)
- What impact is the high rate of unemployment (especially on younger workers) having?
Younger people are the real victims of the recession and austerity: jobs are scarce for them and the most talented are leaving the country to seek a better future in othe places in Europe or Australia. There are some initiatives for them to saty and invest their effort in agriculture (once an important wealth-generating activity in Greece that was ruined by EU subsidies). The good thing here is that families in Greece are really suportive for the youngs - most of the colleagues that are in their 20s and 30s are still living with their parents.
- What are the most comment sentiments expressed by your neighbors? The media?
Everybody here has a sad story to tell: how they lost their job, how their salary or pention was cut or how they had to go out of business because of the recession. The media does what they do best: selling fear and uncertainty to support the austerity agenda of the government. I stopped watching the news on TV some months ago and took on hiking and trail running, having a great time since I did !
- How are your elected leaders perceived?
My opinion is that both the coalition government that are pro-austerity and the leftist opposition that want independence from EU (and return to the drachma, although they may openly deny it) are unrealistic in their claims. I mean, how can more austerity initiate the economy which is in a recession for the 5th year in a row ? A return to the drachma on the other hand will bring very high inflation for sure. There is a lot of mistrust to the public about the performance of the politicians as none of them seems bold enough to go on with their agenda, whether it is to reduce public spending, counter tax evasion and negotiate with EU/IMF lenders.
There are more things to write here but have little time today.
My regards from Greece :-)


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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
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When the Williamsburg, Massachusetts, reservoir dam broke, it flooded a valley lined with factories and farms and killed 139, making it the deadliest dam failure in the United States at the time. Over the years the reasons for the Mill River flood of 1874 have been muted, softened, and even ignored. In the 1940s, local historian Phyllis Baker Deming compiled this account of the flood for her "History of Williamsburg." While it is not the style of local history to lay blame, Deming barely mentioned the flood's cause, writing that "the direct cause of the disaster, aside from the general weakness of the dam, must remain a subject of speculation." After the flood, the coroner's jury and professional engineers firmly established that the flood was due to inadequacies in the dam's design and construction and negligence by the mill owners who owned the dam.
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"King's Handbook of the United States"
"A Full and Graphic Account of the Terrible Mill River Disaster, caused by the Breaking of a Reservoir in Hampshire County"
"How to Use Florence Knitting Silk"
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