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Wheeling Intelligencer
Seek Third Person In Bloch Kidnaping
T. F. Bowen And Harry Thornton Held Under $100,000 Bond Each
Admit Attempt To Kidnap Betty Bloch, Daughter Of Mr. And Mrs. J. A. Bloch; Kirdwood Heights
Hideout Sought; Each Faces One Year To Life In Pen
October 5, 1934
Seek Third Person In Bloch Kidnaping
T. F. Bowen And Harry Thornton Held Under $100,000 Bond Each
Admit Attempt To Kidnap Betty Bloch, Daughter Of Mr. And Mrs. J. A. Bloch; Kirdwood Heights Hideout Sought; Each Faces One Year To Life In Pen
With two men under arrest for Plotting to kidnap Miss Betty Bloch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Bloch, of Pleasant Valley, City and Federal investigators are turning up every clue in an effort to ascertain if there was not a third person connected with the plot.
Thurman E. Bowen, 31, and Harry "Hotbun" Thornton, 31, both of Bridgeport, were arrested early Thursday morning by Federal officers, after they left the spot where the kidnaping was to have taken place and fled to Bridgeport. They confessed to plotting the crime, and said they were going to demand payment of $25,00 for the safe return of the heiress to the Bloch fortune, which was founded on the Bloch Brothers Tobacco company.
Donald McKee, prosecutor of Ohio county, is firm in his belief that there is a third person in the case, although the two men being held under $100,000 bail deny this.
The "third party," it is the conclusion of Prosecutor McKee, had little to do with the actual planning of the kidnaping or the act itself, but was to be the go-between who would contact Mr. Bloch and arrange for the transfer of money.
Federal agents were searching Kirkwood Heights Thursday evening for a hide-out. It is believed Miss Bloch was to have been whisked from Howard's Hill, where she was guest of honor at a party Wednesday night, to Kirkwood Heights, to be held until the ransom was paid.
Bowen and Thornton, both well-known to hundreds of residents of the Wheeling district, have nothing to say as to where they had intended hiding their victim. They have made full confessions as to planning the crime, but have not yet revealed minute details.
The two men are confined in the Ohio county jail on default of $100,000 bonds as result of being trapped in the swiftly moving machinery put into operation by federal county and city officers. They are charged with conspiracy to violate the Lindbergh kidnaping law, which provides for penitentiary sentences of one year to life.
The pair will await action of the October grand jury of the U. S. district court in Wheeling, which goes in session October 16. They entered pleas of guilty to the charges at preliminary hearings held a few hours after their arrests before U. S. Commissioner J. W. Kindelberger.
The arrests of Bowen and Thornton were made early Thursday morning in one of the most successful police coups in the history of the country. Agents of the department of Justice cooperating with Ohio county and city officials took the two men into custody without the least disorder.
Information that the kidnaping was being planned had been in the hands of officials for several weeks, and was obtained through the chance hearing of a conversation on a street in Bridgeport, between Bowen and Thornton, by a person whose name has been withheld. A report was made at once to Prosecutor Don McKee.
Federal officers were notified at once and the investigation was started. A conference was held in the office of Prosecutor Don McKee at which time, Jesse Bloch, father of the intended victim. Thomas Bloch, a brother, James J. Waters, head of the Department of Justice in Pittsburgh, Sheriff Edward Steinbicker, Police Chief Joseph Burhart were present.
A plan was devised by which the plotters were to be permitted to complete their arrangements, but they were to be taken into custody as they approached their victim.
The two men suspected of planning the crime were placed under constant watch immediately after the conference. Almost a score of Federal officers were sent to the city and the suspects were always under guard. The suspects were watched and were seen to meet on the street in Bridgeport.
Police, in an effort to hear their conversations, installed a dictaphone in an old second-hand automobile and parked it near where the men usually met. A similar dictaphone was installed in a business establishment where the men also visited occasionally. Through these machines and other means the officers learned that the pair intended to kidnap Miss Bloch as she was leaving one of the many parties being tendered her because of her marriage which is to take place Saturday afternoon.
The men intended to kidnap the girl as she was leaving a party to be given in her honor at the Howard apartments by Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Leedy, Jr., Wednesday evening. Preparations were made at once to arrest the pair as soon as they approached their victim.
Miss Bloch, who had complete knowledge of the plans, was told that the kidnaping was planned for Wednesday evening. She had been under constant guard since the first information was received. She and her fianc , Wilmot L. Harris, were taken to the Leedy home at 7:10 o'clock in a police auto, followed by another car carrying officers.
The Howard apartments were completely surrounded by officers. The plotters were seen to drive up to the apartments between 7:30 and 8 o'clock. They wre watched as they made a circuit of the grounds, with the intention of seeing what method they could use in making their get-away after grabbing the girl.
The pair waited for sometime about the home, but later started their automobile and went toward Wheeling. Bowen drove back to Bridgeport, where they separated. Bowen went to his home, while Thornton got out of the automobile and went into a nearby store.
Officials, fearful that their carefully laid plans might be disrupted, decided to make the arrests at once. It was first intended that the men would be allowed to grab Miss Bloch, but it was later decided that the best thing was to take them into custody at once.
The men were arrested and brought to Wheeling. They were taken to a room in the Windsor hotel, where they were questioned. The pair first denied any knowledge of the plot, claiming that they had been to Wheeling only on an automobile ride.
Bowen is said to have been the first to confess. He made a complete statement shortly before 4 o'clock to Prosecutor Don McKee, Assistant Prosecutor T. H. Duval, City Detective Charles Flanagan and Federal Agent Dan DiLillo. The confession of Thornton followed a short time later and was made to Federal Agent Waters, Assistant Prosecutor Wm. C. Piper and County Detective Hamilton Ritz.
The men were not admitted to the Ohio county jail until after 9 o'clock Thursday morning. They were not taken from the hotel until their statements had been typed and signed. The pair was also photographed and fingerprinted by Officer George Dixon of the Wheeling police department. The pair was later arraigned before U. S. Commissioner Kindelberger when they entered pleas of guilty and were held pending action of the federal grand jury which convenes in Wheeling October 16.
Bowen, it has been learned, takes full blame for the plot. He is reported to have told officials that he had worked up the preliminary plans, later securing the assistance of Thornton, who he knew from his high school days. All further planning was made by the pair at their meetings on the street.
Neither of the men would say why they did not go through with their plans to kidnap Miss Bloch Wednesday evening. Authorities are of the belief that after seeing how well the grounds about the apartment were lighted and how difficult it would be to race an automobile onto the National road, they decided to postpone their plans until Thursday evening when another party for the victim was to be held.
Bowen and Thornton were firmly convinced that they would have the $25,000 ransom money within twenty-four hours after they had spirited their victim away. They are said to have made this statement early Thusday morning during the midst of the confessions.
The pair intended to grab Miss Bloch and put her in Bowen's automobile. After she was in the auto rags soaked with chloroform were to be placed against her nose, to avoid any outcries. This fact was learned when Bowen's automobile was searched. A bottle containing about an ounce of chloroform and a bundle of rags was found in the machine. Bowen has admitted that he purchased the chloroform several days ago at a Wheeling drug store.
The wedding of Miss Bloch and Mr. Harris will take place as scheduled Saturday afternoon at the Bloch home in Pleasant Valley, Mrs. Bloch, mother of the intended victim said Thursday. Parties for Miss Bloch and her fianc this evening and Saturday noon will also be held.
The cooperation of the members of the family with the police in the plot has been highly commended. Although Miss Bloch has been under constant police guard for several weeks none of her closest acquaintances knew of her plight. She attended the post-wedding parties and seemed not to have a worry in the world.
Although Miss Bloch had been informed that the kidnaping had been planned for Wednesday evening she attended the party at the Leedy home with Mr. Harris. She had been told what to do after leaving the home, but gave no hint of nervousness to the other guests.
Miss Bloch's nerves are reported to have been slightly affected when she was informed that the kidnapers had left the vicinity of the Leedy home, complaining that the worry would have to continue until the men acted. She was highly elated when informed that the pair had been taken into custoday [sic] and had made complete confessions.
"It was nothing at all," Miss Bloch said Thursday after the men had been placed in the Ohio county jail. "I am surprised anyone even has heard about it." The same thoughts were expressed by her mother, who said she saw no reason for postponing the planned betrothal parties and the wedding.
The arrest of the pair by federal, county and city police has been declared one of the finest pieces of police work to be completed in the country. The arrests resulted in congratulations being issued by Attorney General Cummings in Washington.
The men even if they had not "got cold feet" and postponed their kidnaping, would not have had a chance to make a get-away after securing their victim. The entire section about the Howard apartments was completely covered with officers, with every avenue of escape blocked.
Federal Officers Waters and Di Lillo were stationed at the upper end of the apartment building. Federal Agent Fred Ames and Assistant Prosecutor T. H. Duval were located at the lower end. On the hillside overlooking the grounds were, Federal Agent Leon Riley, Assistant Prosecutor Wm. C. Piper and Deputy Sheriffs Errett Lemmon and John Fitzpatrick.
The upper entrance to the apartment grounds was guarded by Chief Police Joseph Burkhart and Sergeant John Schott. The rear of the building was guarded by Sheriff Edward Steinbicker and Deputies Russell Riggs and Charles Furhman.
Two automobiles were stationed on the National road as a protection so that if the men did escape the grounds they could be stopped. County Detective Hamilton Ritz and City Detective Charles Flanagan were in one machine, while Federal Agent W. B. Hayes and City Detective James Null were in the second.
The necessity of instant police action was unnecessary when the pair gave up their attempt for the kidnaping Wednesday evening. Their automobile was followed by another carrying officers and when the pair returned to Bridgeport, it was decided to make the arrest.
Prosecutor McKee in commenting on the case Thursday evening, said: "I want to complement [sic] the Federal, city and county officers. All three agencies worked as one department and the fullest cooperation was received from every man brought into the case. I am pleased with the secrecy that the officers kept, although almost a score of men knew of the investigation we have not found one place where there was a leak to other persons not connected.
"The work of all officers," McKee continued, "was exceptional. I am especially proud of my staff for the work that they did in the case and I believe the results of the investigation will be a vital lesson to the persons intending to complete such a plot in the Wheeling district. The two men now held, if found guilty, can be sentenced from one year to life in the penitentiary."
Similar praise to the work of local officers was given by Federal Agent Waters, who said, "one of the outstanding features of this case was the excellent cooperation of Prosecutor Don McKee and other local officers and the whole-hearted cooperation of the family. I believe that through this cooperation we were able to bring this case to its successful conclusion."
Happiness that the men had been captured and were in jail was expressed by the father of the victim. He said, "I want to give my congratulations on the way this case was handled, the consideration given to my family and the wonderful exhibition of cooperation on the part of the prosecuting attorney's office, department of justice, sheriff and state police."
The warrant on which the men are held charges:
To unlawfully, willfully, knowingly and feloniously violate Setcion [sic] 408-A, Title 18, of the United States Code, in that they at Bridgeport, Ohio, and at Wheeling, W. Va., between the dates of September 22, 1934 and October 3, 1934, unlawfully, willfully, knowingly and feloniously did conspire, combine, confederate and agree together and one with the other, to seize, kidnap and abduct Betty Bloch, and that they should unlawfully, willfully, knowingly and feloniously transport, and cause to be transported, in interstate commerce from Wheeling, W. Va. to Bridgeport, Ohio, the said Betty Bloch, where she could be held for ransom; that after the formation of said unlawful conspiracy and for the purpose of carrying out the object thereof, the said Harry Thornton and Thurman F. Bowen, on or about October 3, 1934, did travel from Bridgeport to Wheeling for purpose of viewing and studying the place at which the said Betty Bloch was to be kidnaped, abducted and seized, contrary to the form of statute in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the United States.
Both Born and Reared in Immediate Valley Area And Are Well Known in Wheeling
Both Born and Reared in Immediate Valley Area And Are Well Known in Wheeling District
By their own admission they plotted a kidnaping, but where, in their past records, is there anything to indicate that they would turn to so heinous a crime?
That's the question City and Federal police are trying to clear up as they delve into the frustrated abductions of Betty Bloch, as Thurman F. Bowen and Harry Thornton languish in the Ohio county jail.
By comparison of their past records, the police investigators can find nothing of value in rounding up the data to make their case 100 per cent complete.
By nature they are exact opposites.
Bowen has always been looked upon as a "model" young man.
Thornton's reputation has not been the best, but his several runins with the law have been for minor infractions.
The two were born in Eastern Ohio, and spent the most of their lives there. The father of each is dead, while in boths cases the mother is living. Both attended Bridgeport high school, but Bowen was the only one to complete the course and receive a diploma.
Bowen has always had work. He was graduated from Birdgeport about 1921. Bowen, who admits he originated the plot, worked as a pinboy in a Wheeling bowling alley during his years in school. He is an expert bowler and at one time held a West Virginia championship.
Upon graduation from high school, he worked several years at a local swimming pool as a life guard, and later held a position in the office of the old LaBelle mill, which he held until the plant was discontinued. About seven years ago he became associated with a Wheeling men's furnishing store, where it was said he has given excellent service.
He has been married twice, the first marriage ending in divorce. He resides with his second wife and five-year-old daughter at 209 Howard street, Bridgeport. Neighbor and acquaintances were very much shocked. Thursday, when they heard of his connection with the kidnaping plot.
Thornton has resided in Bridgeport, Aetnaville and Wheeling. He also attended Bridgeport high school, where he was one of the greatest of its football heroes. He was a member of the all-Ohio Valley football teams in 1923 and 24. Thornton did not complete his course at the high school.
He has held a number of jobs since leaving school and played semi-professional football several seasons. He was a member of a professional team at St. Louis for several weeks, as well as a semi-professional team at Cambridge. Thornton has held jobs at the Aetnaville and Laughlin mills on the Ohio side.
Thornton has been arrested a number of times. One of the most serious of these offenses was the impersonation of an officer. He, with another man, went into a gasoline station just west of St. Clairsville and reported they were deputy sheriffs. The pair seized several slot machines, but were later arrested. Thornton served a sentence in the St. Clairsville jail as a result of this charge. He has also been arrested for fight and possession of liquor.
Crime and Punishment


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I realised today that I haven't been posting many Estonian recipes lately, which doesn't mean I haven't been eating lots of local food recently. I have. Especially cabbage dishes, as the new season's cabbage has hit the stalls. Today's dish is not strictly seasonal per se - it can be made in the middle of a rainy autumn, dark winter and promising spring. But somehow I always crave this dish in the early to mid-summer, when the cabbage tastes sweetest.
Serves 4
1 large green cabbage (about 2 pounds/1 kg), finely shredded
2 carrots, cut into matchsticks
1 Tbsp vegetable oil
about a cup of freshly boiled water
freshly ground black pepper
400 g (leanish) beef mince
1 large onion, halved and thinly sliced
1 Tbsp vegetable oil
fresh parsley (optional)
boiled potatoes, to serve
Heat the oil in a large saucepan. Add the carrots and the cabbage, season with salt and sauté for a few minutes, until the cabbage wilts a little. Add the boiling water, cover and simmer on a medium heat for about 10-15 minutes, until cabbage starts to soften.
On a frying pan, heat the oil, then add onions and minced beef. Fry, stirring regularly, until the mince is browned all over. Add the whole lot to the softened cabbage. Give it a quick turn and continue simmering for another 10-15 minutes, uncovered, until the cabbage is nicely softened.
Sprinkle with finely chopped parsley, if you wish, and serve with boiled potatoes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Making The Band 4 Season 3 (Lauri Anne Is Back!) [Trailer]
ll new season of Making The Band 4 Season 3 premieres Wednesday August 13th @ 9PM EST!
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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Idelsohn Society needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 55 designs submitted by 22 freelance designers.
We need a logo for our many products (website, wiki, blog, digital archive, CDs, books, etc.). We are a constantly growing, "living" archive that strives to be innovative, interactive, and vibrant- but at the same time, tied to history and Jewish culture.
We are new organization formed by the combining of several different projects. We need a new logo to tie all of these projects together.
We need a logo that can express our historical foundation but at the same time capture our creative, musical, and innovative spirit.
Please check out our blog and website for an idea about our sense of humor and style:
About the Idelsohn Society: We're a volunteer-driven team of young academics and music industry veterans committed to tracking down lost Jewish music and the musicians who created it, preserving their stories to create an alternative history of the past which we can use to create a dynamic conversation that will build a creative, vibrant Jewish future. We want to engage young Jews in a conversation about their Jewish roots, which many know little about, by using music as a catalyst and tool to start the discussion.
- Needs to say "Idelsohn Society for Musical Preservation", but Idelsohn Society should be dominant
- Need something that will work on web and printed materials
- We generally like warm colors
- We want something fun but not kitschy
- Logo can include (but doesn't have to) image of Abraham Idelsohn (which has can be seen here: http://i212.photobucket.com/albums/…sohn_1.jpg
- No star of David
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Mothers Day Service 2011
Youths Surprise video:
Youths Surprise video:
Dear friends,
Welcome to the website of St Paul's Church, Plaine Verte, Mauritius. We invite you to go through our various pages and trust that you will get to know us better and develop a relationship with our church.
St Paul's Church forms part of the Anglican Diocese of Mauritius. It dates back to 1864 and has had a long history of missionary work among the various sections of the Mauritian Community, including people of Tamil and Chinese origins. Today the congregation is very much multi-cultural.
Our church is Bible-based and Spirit-led. We believe in the bible as the supreme authority. We believe that the Holy Spirit was poured out on Pentecost to enable believers to be effective witnesses of Jesus (Acts 1:8).
Our vision is "Passion for God and Compassion for people". This is in line with the diocesan vision to "Enlarge the space of your tent".
We would be honoured to welcome you at one of our services on Sundays.
Yours in Christ,
Rev Eric Ma Fat
• 7:15 am service (In Immanuel Hall)
• 9:30 am service (In Immanuel Hall)
• 9:30 am Youth Service (In Maranatha Hall)
• 10:00 am Chinese language Service (In Andrew room)
Click here to open Programme of Sunday services in PDF
• On every second Sunday of the month
• 9:30 am Healing Service (In Church)


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One of the toughest aspects of running the site is dealing with cases where a hotel has received a bedbug report from a guest and dealt with it promptly and effectively (by calling in experienced pest controllers, treating adjacent rooms, and helping the guest make sure their belongings are properly treated before returning home, for instance by drying them on high heat).
Hotels understandably hate to be listed on this website, and I hate to feel like we're punishing people who act promptly and responsibly to address bedbug complaints. At the same time, I believe it's very important to publicize the extent of the bedbug problem afflicting the US, and the fact that you can really come across them anywhere. So I encourage management and guests to write about the positive outcome, but I don't remove the posts from the site.
For what it's worth, in my travels I would much prefer to stay in a hotel that I knew had a sound bedbug policy and trained staff, and had dealt with complaints promptly, then take my chances in a place I know nothing about. We're approaching the point where there won't be such a thing as a hotel that's never had a bedbug encounter.


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Chad James necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 18 diseños de 5 diseñadores freelance.
Dig This is America's first ever heavy equipment playground! We are located approximately 5 minutes off the Las Vegas Strip and offer our clients the chance to get behind the controls of huge earth moving machines!
Our target audience is high-middle net worth customers who are in Las Vegas and looking for a great alternative to the Strip during their visit.
In Las Vegas there are literally thousands of things for tourists to to while they're in town. Most will find out about what's available either online, or through the city's hundreds of "rack card" kiosks and booths located in hotel lobbies, street corners, restaurants, etc.
We need a RACK CARD to place into these racks to let people know about our very fun operation!
We have had a couple of cards in the past, but they have been mediocre and we're looking for someone to "get creative" on this and show us something that will knock our socks off.
It is likely that the winner of this contest will continue to get work from us!
REQUIREMENTS (all files attached):
1. 3.5 W x 8.5 H, Two-sided, Full Color
2. Should include Mack and Allis cartoons in some fashion.
3. Should use the language "There's a new way to get dirty in Vegas".
4. Front should be the "WOW" and back should be the "HOW"
5. Old rack cards and brochures are attached so you can see what we DON'T want to do.
6. We use Caterpillar 315CL Excavators and D5 Bulldozers.
7. You can find out more about us at http://www.digthis.info
We've also attached a ton of additional files for you to play with and use as examples (good and bad). Just surprise us!


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In St. Ignatius' eighth rule of discernment he admonishes us that when we are in desolation we should comfort ourselves that we "will soon be consoled." And so it is that on the final leg of our vacation trip home we encountered a jewel of Catholic worship in Dallas, Texas. As God in His providence obviously provided, we selected a parish purely based on our interest in the beautiful architecture and convenience of location. He had much more in store for us than we could have ever anticipated.The church Dan Burke talks about in his National Catholic Register article is our parish church, St. Thomas Aquinas in Dallas. Of course, we love our church but it was really wonderful to read such an appreciative article about it. Faithful liturgy is the keystone to any great parish, right?
I'm glad the 7:30 a.m. with organ and cantor was so good. However, one of the glories of our parish for me is that there is a wide variety of music, depending on which Mass you attend.
Imagine all that Mr. Burke describes but with a full choir of volunteers so good that they have inspired envy among those with paid choirs. That's the 11:30 a.m. Mass.
Then there's the Saturday vigil Mass at 4:00 on Saturday, with an all-men's choir that features Gregorian chant. And a lot of Latin too. I have to use the handout for that one every time.
I'll even give a shout out to the 9 a.m. Sunday Mass which features more modern music (not too modern, mind you) that has a very good folk choir. It is not to my taste but the music director has a light touch that makes the music shine in a very non-folksy way.
Here's a YouTube link of a rehearsal that gives you an idea of the full choir.
Here are a few photos of the church.
|Altar (The angels only come out for Christmas and Easter. They live in the church office otherwise.)
|Nativity Scene


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Bit Pilot Review
Our thoughts on Bit Pilot went through a quick progression as we played the game. First we thought, "This is it?" Then we thought, "Okay, not bad." And finally: "Holy crap, this is awesome!"
In the tradition of extremely simple games like Asteroids and Canabalt, Bit Pilot manages to pack tons of fun into a tiny package. Here's the setup: You control a spaceship in an enclosed area. Lasers beam across the screen and asteroids fly at you from all directions. You must avoid getting hit for as long as possible. You can snag shield powerups to help buffer your ship against the increasingly hectic spray of space obstacles, but just like in life, you always end up dead.
Back to old-skool.
A huge part of the fun is the 8-bit-style chiptunes that accompany the gameplay. These are awesome tracks, made even better because you have to work to unlock them. This is an excellent reward for playing the game, far more pleasing than a paltry spot on the smoothly-integrated leaderboards.
Our one complaint about the game is the control scheme. You drop one thumb anywhere on the screen and slide it around to make your ship move slowly. You put your other thumb down and slide both in tandem to move quickly. We would have preferred a single movement stick like in Meteor Blitz, but the two-thumb scheme isn't clunky enough to bleed out the fun.
If you like simple, old-school gameplay and some of the best music this side of Mega Man 2, you can't go wrong with Bit Pilot.


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Thursday, August 6, 2009
Lessons from the Writing Lab
Greetings grammophiles! Today is my official last day as a graduate tutor in the Purdue Writing Lab. I am off to more literary pastures in the following school year (not "greener" just different). While all these experiences are still fresh in my mind, I wanted to pass along some of the lessons I've learned about writing and, maybe, life.
Be Persistent
For the vast majority of writers, the Romantic notion of genius-inspired creativity just doesn't apply. There are very few people who can sit down and write a perfect essay, poem, or report the first time. Good writing takes time, and it is the persistent writers, the ones who consistently revisit their ideas, who generally succeed in communicating something interesting. Writing can be frustrating. I see it in my clients' faces on almost a daily basis. Luckily, I have never had anyone cry during a consultation. There have been plenty of sighs and groans.
That frustration may not be a negative thing. Take it as a sign that you need to slow down and think about the topic a little more. I also notice that our repeat clients, particularly the ones who have poured hours into a document, tend to exhibit less and less frustration as they move along. I am also struggling through a personal statement at the moment, and I came across Mary Hale Tolar's (Executive Secretary, Truman Scholarship Foundation) suggestions for writing a personal statement. She suggests engaging in activities that keep your body busy but your mind free to wander. Some of my favorites: take a walk, weed the garden, take a shower (you would be surprised how many ideas come up in the shower!).
Get a Second Reader (and a Third and a Fourth)
The idea sounds simple. It can be a little intimidating to ask someone else to read your stuff. Strangers generally work better as second readers than friends or relatives. Strangers are more likely to give you an honest assessment. Since strangers are unfamiliar with your work, you may find that having to explain your ideas to someone else can actually be quite fruitful. You may see your project in a new light, or you might suddenly utter that perfect sentence you have been stuck on for two weeks. Just make sure to have paper and pencil (or computer) handy if you are talking informally about your writing. A few nights ago, I was walking with my wife and said something that would have been fantastic to put in my personal statement. But by the time I got home, the magic had vanished. If this happens to you, see above.
Seek Out Strategies Rather Than Fixes
Anyone can "fix" your paper, but if you passively sit by and do not participate in the revision process, chances are you will make that mistake again. Allowing someone else to correct what you did wrong means that you haven't learned anything. You will always need to have that other person's approval to make sure it is "right." That is why it is better to seek out "strategies" for writing and revising rather than quick fixes. Strategies serve as a guidelines for choices. Yes, think of writing as a series of choices to be made. Strategies should help you decide between active and passive constructions, simple and complex sentences, or even something simple as the verb "abscond" over "sneak out." If you have trouble with articles, seek out some guidelines for using "the/a/an" in your writing. You may be surprised that as your writing gets better, so too will your speaking.
There Is Always an Audience
You can help your writing immensely by finding an audience, even if it means you have to imagine one. "You" can also be your own audience, which works great for diary entries but can only get you so far with other types of writing. Audiences, imagined or otherwise, will help give your paper a focus as well as an argumentation style. Do you want to persuade, inform, or entertain your audience? What type of information will they appreciate (and recognize) the most? Having an audience may also help you bring your document to a close. If you know there is someone out there waiting to read your writing, you are more likely to finish it at some point.
In closing, I just want to write a note of thanks to everyone in the Purdue Writing Lab. It has been a great place to work for the past two years, and I have learned more about writing and the process of writing than I ever would have otherwise. This, however, does not mean I'll be leaving the Grammar Gang. Good luck and keep typing away.
Brady Spangenberg
4 comments:
- Andrea Duff said...
Best of luck with your new teaching adventures, Brady. Your language insights and those of your colleagues who have chipped into the blog have been highly valued.
We look forward to continuing our work with you and the Writing Lab team!
Andrea, Susanna and Virginia (The UniSA 'Possums')
- August 7, 2009 at 4:21 PM
- Anlim said...
I am a teacher of English as a Foreign Language in Malaysia and I have always encouraged my pupils to come out to the board and write out their sentence constructions before we have peer discussion on their efforts. I believe this will assist them in writing better.
But after reading what you wrote:
Anyone can "fix" your paper, but if you passively sit by and do not participate in the revision process, chances are you will make that mistake again. Allowing someone else to correct what you did wrong means that you haven't learned anything. You will always need to have that other person's approval to make sure it is "right."
I decided you are right. The writer needs to be more active.
I am thinking of another way to carry out the activity. That is letting the writer correct his own writing if his peers have decided (with teacher support when necessary) there are errors.
Hope this helps them more. Thanks!
- August 8, 2009 at 4:24 AM
- Brady Spangenberg said...
Dear Anlim,
Wow, it's quite humbling to hear that something I wrote has influenced your daily teaching practice. Make sure to keep us updated on the developments in your classroom. I'm interested to hear how the students respond to strategy-based grammar instruction. Do they miss their quick "fixes?" Hopefully not too much!
- August 10, 2009 at 5:36 PM
- Writing a Research Paper said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- November 24, 2009 at 2:23 AM


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Baum, Hedlund, Aristei & Goldman, PC
Aviation and truck crash lawyers representing clients across the nation. Over $1.6 billion recovered for our clients across all areas of practice.
Address: 2101 L Street NW Ste. 400 - Washington, DC 20037
Phone: 310-207-3233 or 800-827-0087


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h: 48 cm ø: 60 cm
Elegant modular system of seats and benches for the waiting areas. Its configuration allows you to create a timeless landscape because its high-density foam retains its pure lines, even after intensive use. Its feet and auxiliary tables are done in natural beech solid wood, reminiscent of the modern classics. Inner structure in solid wood and perforated top of microparticles low-formaldehyde chipboard covered by expanded polyurethane foam and polyester fiber. Legs in matt varnished natural beech. Tables constructed with a natural oak column and a lacquered MDF top with the finishes of the collection
Viccarbe collection shows the value and references for a contemporaly style of living, with a wide range of products for comfortable living.


text:
danyd needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 93 designs submitted by 17 freelance designers.
Status Luxury Lifestyle, LLC
I have been in private jet aviation management for years and decided to begin my own jet brokerage company. Through my experience I have realized these clients would like assistance in all aspects of their extravagant lives. I want to facilitate all of their needs and make their lives as easy as possible while also promoting their Status among LA and Orange County CA's elite. The company will mainly focus on jet brokerage but I would also like to help my clients with all other aspects of their lifestyle. Anything from high end car rentals or sale facilitation, to nutrition and personal trainers employed by me, to luxury home sales and rentals, to absolutely anything they need to promote their Status in the luxury lifestyle group of Orange County, CA. The personality I'd like to get across is class, elegance, and promote the exquisiteness in everything they would want to be a part of.
My clients are jet owners (male dominated), frequent private jet clients, celebrities, politicians, and athletes who have very discerning taste. I want to make Status a name brand among Los Angeles and Orange County's elite. I want the logo to represent the class of this affluent society.
I want the logo to focus on the word Status. Status was already taken so I had to add Luxury Lifestyle. I would like the logo to contain "Luxury Lifestyle" but as a subtitle to "Status". Private Jet brokerage is the main focus and I may ultimately run a jet management company through this name so I'd definitely like jet travel to be prevalent, but also anything that describes STATUS; Diamonds, cars, all upscale and unattainable items and events that their lifestyle promotes. I want it to be sleek, sexy, and modern. A "Wow" logo please! Whoever wins will also have the chance to build my website...willing to pay well for an awesome site!!!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
In a medium bowl, combine the marinade ingredients.
In a large bowl, combine half the marinade with the chicken breasts, chicken thighs, and shrimp. Toss to combine. Cover and let marinate for at least 1 hour. If marinating for longer than 1 hour, make sure to refrigerate.
Place a grill pan over medium-high heat or preheat a gas or charcoal grill. Brush the corn with reserved unused marinade and wrap in foil. Toss the mushrooms with 1/4 cup of the reserved unused marinade. Grill the chicken breasts and thighs to an internal temperature of 165 degrees F, about 7 minutes a side. Grill the corn inside the foil, for about 5 minutes a side. Grill the peppers for about 5 minutes a side. Grill the shrimp and the mushrooms, about 2 minutes a side. Brush the grilled peppers with the last of the reserved unused marinade. Slice the peppers and mushrooms before serving, if desired.
Arrange grilled meats and vegetables over the saffron orzo on a large platter and serve immediately.
In a large pot, bring the chicken stock to a boil over high heat. Reduce the heat to low, bringing the stock to a simmer. Add the saffron, stir, and allow the saffron to bloom, about 5 minutes. Return the heat to medium and the stock to a boil, then add the orzo and cook until tender but still firm to the bite, stirring occasionally, about 8 to 10 minutes. Drain orzo and transfer to a large bowl. Add the olive oil, lemon juice, salt, pepper, and parsley. Toss to combine.


text:
Welcome Back
This was definitely one of those; let your brain wander kind of moments. I have seen this quote on rubber stamps and one of my fave things to doodle is flowers. This page was just waiting to happen. I think it would make a good card, what do you think?
Items used
All the usual suspects 😉
- Faber Castell Pitt artist pen
- Faber Castell Polychromos Pencils
- Daler Rowney Basic Sketch book
I'm getting to think a page listing my kit would be helpful and then I could point you all to it 😉
What inspires you to doodle, random thoughts, images you see, quotes that roll round your head for days!!!! I have the kind of brain that is very literal which means I don't always 'get' what was originally meant by phrases. I blame my late Mother whose often used phrase of 'Don't come running to me when you break your leg falling off that'. My brain would think, well you couldn't run with a broken leg so huh??
I often get doodle ideas from such misinterpretations. Wanting to draw the literal result of what people say. Makes me laugh, the same is true of what I read, being dyslexic it often takes me several read throughs to understand what is meant, if not in a hurry I can also laugh when I get the wrong word for things, it may start with the same letter, or sound the same as the word I'm going for but be completely wrong. Mmm Maybe I should write the 'wrong word and doodle the image of the thing I was going for.' Its annoying as hell when you are in a rush, but as long as it's not important it can cause much hilarity and creates the game of 'guess the word I really meant!'
Best wishes and thanks for reading, see you soon
Billie 🙂


text:
Week 1 (Sept. 9) at Lambeau Field: San Francisco 49ers 30, Green Bay Packers 22
The 49ers quickly quelled any doubt their success in the 2011 season was a fluke, defeating the Packers on the road. San Francisco took an early 23-7 lead on two touchdown passes from quarterback Alex Smith and three field goals from David Akers. Smith completed 20 of 26 passes for 211 yards and two touchdowns, and running back Frank Gore shouldered the rest of the offensive load with 112 yards and a touchdown on 16 carries.
Week 2 (Sept. 16) at Candlestick Park: 49ers 27, Detroit Lions 19
Linebacker Patrick Willis and the 49ers defense held the Lions to less...


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Release Date: 2009 |
Album Rating: 4.0got so bored of coursework
not something I'd find enjoyment in but good review man
This was very good, made me feel like an asshole for doing anything other than agree.
Album Rating: 3.0I'd like this more if the singer didn't sound retarded.
idk, I've never been compelled to listen to this.
Album Rating: 3.0mmmnope
Album Rating: 4.0Like this review. "Girls" is a strange moniker.
Album Rating: 4.5I agree with you...
Dunno if I'd like this, he sounds a bit annoying. Nice review though
Album Rating: 4.0thanks for the review comments, appreciate it!
this really clicked with me lately so i felt compelled to give it a proper review (regardless of how baller the other review is). if anyone's interested, i found this really interesting: http://www.faqmagazine.org/ChristopherGirls.htm
basically goes into his background and how he left and tried to adapt to this totally new, totally strange american culture and all that
and people say cults are a bad thing.
srsly good review though, i freakin love this album.
Album Rating: 3.5good review lad
Digging: Default Genders - main pop girl 2019
Album Rating: 4.5 | Sound OffI adore this record. Makes me feel all warm, inside.
Album Rating: 4.0i want to give christopher owens a big hug
this record rullels
Album Rating: 4.5I listened to this again coming back from ze bars, still so good.
Album Rating: 4.0hellhole ratrace destroys me
so listened to this again because of review and am liking it a lot more, didn't realize how omg epic hellhole ratrace is
Album Rating: 4.5AND I DON'T WANNA CRY, MY WHOLE LIFE THROUGH! YEAH I WANNA DO SOME LAUGHIN TOO!
poor Chris Owens :'(
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Date: 04/08/2009
Writer: Audry Olmsted, 575-921-4056, email@example.com
TUCUMCARI, N.M. - In a time when sustainability is on the minds of many, farmers are wondering if they will have enough water to properly care for their crops. With that in mind, researchers at New Mexico State University's Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari are working on an alfalfa project to see if they can find an irrigation termination system that will maximize yield of the crop at the end of the growing season - a tool to use only if water is scarce.
Alfalfa is New Mexico's No. 1 cash crop, bringing in an estimated $238 million to farmers in 2008, but farmers are still at the mercy of water availability, which can prove difficult in a state known for its drought.
"New Mexico currently cannot produce enough alfalfa to meet our own needs due to limited water for irrigation," said Leonard Lauiault, forage agronomist at the Tucumcari center. "The focus of this study is to determine which cuttings a producer can forego irrigating if irrigation water is short."
In a collaborative project with Sangu Angadi, a crop stress physiologist at the Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, Lauriault is looking at the effects - above and below the ground - that a termination treatment has on alfalfa. The results of the three-year study are encouraging.
At Tucumcari, researchers are measuring the yields of different plots of alfalfa, each with a different irrigation termination schedule on two different varieties of alfalfa, Wilson and New Mexico Common. Both varieties are very similar to each other, but Wilson was developed to withstand less than optimum soil moisture conditions. Eight different irrigation treatments are being used on the alfalfa. Furrow irrigations were applied to each of six harvests, or to various combinations of the six harvests.
What they have discovered is that it is possible to not irrigate alfalfa for a selected cutting and still get a high annual yield.
"Based on data collected so far, producers can afford to skip irrigation on one cutting during late summer or fall without experiencing a significant reduction in annual yield," Lauriault said. "If it is known that irrigation water will be short, it is best to irrigate the first three cuttings well to maximize yield. Additionally, based on other research at Tucumcari, whether or not irrigation water is short, if a warm spring is forecast, producers can significantly increase yield of the first and maybe second harvest by beginning irrigation before typical spring green up."
Any more than one cut, Lauriault said, and the farmer risks taking a hit on the yield.
Depending on the area of the state, producers can harvest between three and seven cuttings each season from their alfalfa. Lauriault said that by skipping one irrigation treatment at the end of the growing season, when the alfalfa does not grow as fast in preparation for winter, producers do not risk losing their yield as the crop growth is already slowing down.
If producers do not irrigate their last cutting, they can save between six and eight inches of water.
So how can farmers maximize the use of the water they have available to grow a healthy alfalfa crop?
Lauriault advised producers wait until they have canopy closure - when the ground is completely shaded by alfalfa - to irrigate their fields in an effort to limit the chance for weed seedlings to grow and survive.
He also cautioned producers to not over-irrigate their fields to prevent runoff. The first irrigation can be applied before spring green-up, which is a good time for farmers to begin building up their soil moisture profile. Maintaining the soil moisture profile during spring and early summer will maximize yield at that time and establish a reserve for mid- and late summer when irrigation and soil water infiltration capacities cannot meet the alfalfa's needs. When it is time for the first cutting, the top of the soil will be dry to allow for harvesting, but the deeply rooted alfalfa can access the moisture well below the surface and is healthy. By keeping the top few inches of the field dry, farmers have an easier time when it comes to cutting.
If a farmer knows they have a limited amount of water to work with, Lauriault said they should not stretch the water out over the entire season, but rather concentrate on irrigating the first cuttings to get more yield of the crop early in the season. Essentially, they should water their fields, he said, as though they are not facing a shortage. When the water runs out, the alfalfa's deep roots and ability to go dormant will help it to take care of itself. When the alfalfa does go dormant due to drought, six inches of stubble with leaves should be left in the field whenever it is harvested to allow the alfalfa to continue making its own energy.
Lauriault also advised producers should irrigate their alfalfa as soon as water is available, as it will take the crop another cutting before it recovers from irrigation termination.
Lauriault said they have seen consistent results each year of the study since they started to apply the termination treatment in 2006 on an alfalfa crop planted in late summer of 2005. The next phase of the project is to take a closer look at fall and winter irrigation termination techniques. Angadi, is measuring soil moisture level and runoff, and other aspects of crop stress physiology of the alfalfa.
© 2013 New Mexico State University Board of Regents
NMSU - All About Discovery!


text: Very informative article Kevin. It is worth mentioning the HPCC Systems open source offering which provides a single platform that is easy to install, manage and code. Their built-in analytics libraries for Machine Learning and integration tools with Pentaho for great BI capabilities make it easy for users to analyze Big Data. Their free online introductory coursesallow for students, academia and other developers to quickly get started. For more info visit: hpccsystems.com


text:
For brochures up to 3.75" wide. This display holds a 1.625" thick stack of brochures.
These brochure holders are IN-STOCK and READY TO SHIP.
Call for pricing on larger quantities.
We can SCREEN PRINT your company logo or message on the front of these brochure holders. We can also print FULL COLOR VINYL STICKERS and apply them to these brochure holders.
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Office Hours: Monday - Friday 8:00am - 4:30pm PST
Sign up for Savings!
Get special offers and discounts from Innovative Plastics delivered to your inbox.
Copyright © 1989 - 2015 Innovative Plastics, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Mitch McConnell, in full Addison Mitchell McConnell, Jr., (born February 20, 1942, Tuscumbia, Alabama, U.S.), American politician who began his first term representing Kentucky in the U.S. Senate in 1985. A Republican, he served as majority whip (2003–07) and minority leader (2007–15), and he became majority leader in 2015.
During his early childhood, McConnell was afflicted with, but eventually overcame, polio. His family moved from Alabama to Louisville, Kentucky, when he was 13. He graduated from the University of Louisville in 1964 and from the University of Kentucky Law School in 1967. From 1968 to 1970 McConnell was a legislative assistant to U.S. Sen. Marlow Cook. He later served as deputy assistant U.S. attorney general in the administration of Pres. Gerald R. Ford (1974–75) and as judge/executive (chief judge) of Jefferson county, Kentucky (1978–85). In 1993 he married Elaine Chao, who later served as secretary of labour under Pres. George W. Bush and secretary of transportation under Pres. Donald Trump. (McConnell was earlier married [1968–80] to Sherrill Redmon, with whom he had three children.)
McConnell was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984, becoming the first Republican since 1968 to win a statewide election in Kentucky. As chairman of the Senate Ethics Committee in 1995, he garnered national attention for resisting Democratic attempts to investigate sexual assault accusations against Republican Sen. Bob Packwood of Oregon. In a speech on the Senate floor, McConnell threatened to launch investigations into Democratic politicians who had faced similar charges in the past, among them Sen. Ted Kennedy. His Democratic colleagues prevailed, however, and McConnell publicly changed his mind about Packwood, who resigned later that year under the weight of evidence against him.
McConnell earned a reputation as a tough opponent of campaign finance reform and campaign spending limits. From the 1990s he consistently voted against a series of such measures, including some sponsored by fellow Republicans. When a popular bipartisan measure sponsored by Republican Sen. John McCain and Democratic Sen. Russell D. Feingold was signed into law by President Bush in 2002, McConnell promptly sued the Federal Election Commission, calling the law a violation of free speech. In a December 2003 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law.
In subsequent years McConnell showed greater willingness to compromise. In 2005 he served on a bipartisan Senate committee that made recommendations for broad changes to the Department of Homeland Security, the government agency charged with protecting the country against terrorist attacks in the wake of the September 11 attacks of 2001. The following year he introduced a compromise bill that brought the Republican and Democratic parties closer to agreement about which interrogation techniques could be used by U.S. authorities on detainees held as suspected terrorists or terrorist sympathizers.
In 2007, however, as the newly elected Senate minority leader, McConnell opposed Democratic calls to set in place a timetable for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq (see Iraq War), arguing that it was not within the power of Congress to make such a judgment. Following the 2008 election of Pres. Barack Obama, McConnell coordinated the Republicans' efforts in the Senate, opposing (unsuccessfully) Democratic legislation to reform health care and the financial sector.
The Republicans made significant gains in the 2010 midterm elections, and much of their initial focus turned to the federal deficit. In May 2011 McConnell joined other Republicans in announcing that he would not vote to raise the national debt ceiling unless various programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, underwent spending cuts. Without an increase to the debt limit, the government faced defaulting on its public debt. McConnell became a key figure in drafting a bipartisan deal that included significant cuts but no changes to the various entitlement programs. In addition, tax increases, which McConnell and the Republicans opposed, were also absent. Over the next several years, McConnell helped block a number of Democrat-led initiatives, including gun-control measures and increases to the minimum wage. Although some criticized his party's use of the filibuster, he argued that Democrats refused to negotiate. After the Republicans regained control of the Senate in the 2014 midterm elections, McConnell was named majority leader.


text:
Ladies and Gentlemen of the Jury All of the testimony has been given, and the evidence provided for your inspection. The time has come to conclude your deliberations. You will be asked to decide the following questions with regard to the charges raised against WS-Addressing: First Charge: One count of flirting with anonymous addresses of unknown character without any intention of establishing a meaningful relationship. Soap binding 5.2.1 invites other anonymous addresses. "Note that other specifications MAY define special URIs that have other behaviors (similar to the anonymous URI)." If the Jury finds that the WG didn't really mean it, then the spec shall be found guilty of this charge. If found guilty of this charge, then the WG shall issue an errata removing the flirtatious prose and cr33 shall be closed with no action. If found innocent, then the WG is sentenced to accommodate such anonymous addresses without prejudice and to modify the WSDL binding and the policy assertions accordingly. How do you find? Second Charge: Core and Soap binding are inconsistent: The core spec is section 3.2.1 says that anonymous is a recognizable uri detectable with simple string comparison for "http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing/anonymous". If the Jury returns a guilty verdict to the first charge, then this charge is moot once the sentence has been served. If the Jury returns an innocent verdict to the first charge, and a guilty verdict to the second charge, then the WG shall be sentenced to decide how to remove this inconsistency. How do you find? Third charge: One count of not being policy friendly Content in the element is not well matched with the policy framework that is forming into a specification. If found guilty, the mandatory sentence is that all markers are to be meaningful by their name alone which touches the WSDL binding as well as the policy assertion How do you find? Thanks -bobReceived on Tuesday, 31 October 2006 23:52:43 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 21:04:14 UTC


text:
Definitions of solar
a. - A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. 2
a. - Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below. 2
a. - Born under the predominant influence of the sun. 2
a. - Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic; as, the solar year. 2
a. - Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected by its influence. 2
The word "solar" uses 5 letters: A L O R S.
Direct anagrams of solar:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after solar (in bold), or to alors in any order:
b - borals labors c - carols claros corals d - dorsal f - floras safrol g - algors argols gorals largos i - sailor m - molars morals n - lorans p - parols polars sporal t - tolars v - salvor valors y - royals
Shorter words found within solar:
al als also ar ars as la lar lars las lo oar oars or ora oral ors os osar ras sal so soar sol sola sora
List shorter words within solar, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in solar, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with solar, words containing solar or words ending with solar
All words formed from solar by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: so ol la ar
Browse words starting with solar by next letter
Previous word in list: solanums
Next word in list: solaria
Some random words: becalm vouch awry cwm fohn iodate eel
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
- Help and FAQ - Examples - Home
Privacy and Cookies Policy - Share - © Copyright 2004-2019 Morewords.com - 15.550mS


text:
I loved it on my nails, it was subtle indoors but glittery in the light. It wasn't an out there color, but the purple glitter that was scattered within the polish added a little something that made it a bit more interesting. Two coats gave full coverage. It even caught my roommate's eye (I'm trying to convert her to glitter) and she loved it, too!
|in sunlight
After a couple of days of Big Money by itself, I added a indie glitter on top, by Hit Polish named Precious Metal.
|indirect sunlight (shade)
Precious Metal is a very densely packed glitter, filled with various sized hex glitters in gold, copper and silver, along with smaller orange glitters. It was super pretty! I loved the application, too. I think I only needed 1 full coat and some dabbing to get as much glitter as shown in the picture. I have a lot of her other polishes so hopefully I'll get around to those soon enough!
Like this? Click below to let us know!


text:
"Come play tennis at BallenIsles on June 13th to benefit Habitat for Humanity. Great way to meet local tennis players. Click on "Summer Slam Invitational at BallenIsles June 13th" go to http://www.habitatpbc.com for more information…"
117 members5 Likes
KG has not received any gifts yet
© 2019 Created by Mark / The Mayor. Powered by


text:
Sir Edward John "Woe-man" Izzard, bastard son of James Mason and some form of Komodo Dragon, was the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom, and had to Duel Queen Elizabeth with a pair of toothpicks to contest her position. Unfortunately, she went all Yoda on him, kicking his white bum. Eddie was shunned out of the Royal family into stand up comedy where he had to inevitably interact with Americans. He once appeared on television in order to state that he would NOT appear on television, which caused a time paradox.
On stage, Eddie is renowned for his surreal comedy and whimsical musings, of which most bastards are left thinking "well what the fuck". His performances have included many props such as nuns dressed as wheelbarrows, a neat pile of puup (that's poop) and hardcore U rated orgys between himself and his production team whilst he recited some shitty verse from the Koran. Subsequently, the Koran blew up of which the punchline was "Well, what a shock that was!!!" This angered Muslims across the world, and they showed this by peaceful demonstration.
Eddie has been known to enjoy herding pigs off mountain cliffs, through the cunning use of white and red flags. The science behind it is complex, so I'll just give this authentic Eddie quote instead of trying to explain this quantum physics myself:
"Ah yes, my BABE system of pig annihilation. Basically it stands for Basic Annihilating Basejumping Execution, and what you do is trick the pigs into base jumping off a mountain face. It's a well known fact that pigs run away from white flags, and run toward red flags. You figure out the rest heeeyheeeee"
Eddie is at war with all squirrels, and hopes they die.
Sexuality Edit
As an action transvestite, Eddie is all into the rough and tumble of die hard dress wearing and is currently in filming for a new movie starring him as the lead character. The details are sketchy, but press have hinted it involves him, running, jumping, climbing trees - and putting on makeup when he's up there. Eddie is also an executive transvestite, owning Microsoft and Sony.
Eddie Izzard is not homosexual or indeed bisexual, he is by his own definition a lesbian trapped in a mans body or a male tomboy. He even describes himself as a male lesbian which makes no sense whatsoever.
Army life Edit
Eddie joined the army in 1865, and quickly progressed through the ranks. He soon joined the 1st Battalion Transvestite Brigade, Airborne Wing. By the time World War I came around, he was gagging for a bit of Action. Despite making numerous advances on the men in his unit (Including Mr T and Guybrush Threepwood) none of which had any experience in a gay relationship and felt uncomfortable - So laid the seeds of his transvestism. When he put that dress on - they were eating from his lap and fisting his nether region.
By the time World War II came around, Eddie was the commander of the infantry section that ploughed through Normandy. He ordered all his men to wear pantaloons and wedding dresses. The tactic was to make the convoy look like a mass wedding ceremony, y'know - like a mass grave. When the SS and Reichstag were marvelling at the callous efficiency displayed by such a "method 'o marriage" the men would whip out their weapon and unleash a torrent of special bullets which started a chain reaction of orgy's that would last right through to the end of the war.
Eddie was awarded a golden nipple for his contribution to the war effort, which he soldered between his other two - and soon after retired to a life of stand up comedy.
Jam fetish Edit
As stated earlier, Eddie loves his jam. It is said that every jar of jam you can buy in the United Kingdom and America has been penetrated and inseminated by Eddie Izzard as a standard element of the production process. Eddie is a prolific supporter of Jam rights, and is currently lobbying for raspberry jam and plum jam to have the right to have sexytime together.
Eddie is known to have a preference for raspberry jam, but doesn't let the other jams know.
|Preceded by:
|Protector of the British Isles
? - Creation of the Universe
|Succeeded by:
Lots of sex, some tea, cake and death.


text:
The study of United States History in the is designed as a survey course and a continuation of the Civics and Economics curriculum. After the study of Civics and Economics, this survey course will begin with the national period and the administration of George Washington. Throughout the competency goals, there will be some overlap of time periods to allow for teacher flexibility and to address the complexity of the issues and events. The overall curriculum continues to current times.
The focus of this course provides students with a framework for studying political, social, economic, and cultural issues, and for analyzing the impact these issues have had on American society. This course goes beyond memorization of isolated facts to the development of higher level thinking skills, encouraging students to make historical assessments and evaluations.
Strands: Geographic Relationships, Historical Perspectives, Economics and Development, Government and Active Citizenship, Global Connections, Technological Influences and Society, Individual Identity and Development, Cultures and Diversity
|Competency Goal 1
|The New Nation (1789-1820) - The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic.
1.01 Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.
1.02 Analyze the political freedoms available to the following groups prior to 1820: women, wage earners, landless farmers, American Indians, African Americans, and other ethnic groups.
1.03 Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships with Britain, France, and other nations.
|Competency Goal 2
|Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.
2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.
2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language.
2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.
2.05 Identify the major reform movements and evaluate their effectiveness.
2.06 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues.
|Competency Goal 3
|Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation.
3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
3.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.
3.03 Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and assess their significance to the outcome of the conflict.
3.04 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.
3.05 Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the national government.
|Competency Goal 4
|The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860s-1896) - The learner will evaluate the great westward movement and assess the impact of the agricultural revolution on the nation.
4.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they experienced.
4.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in the West had upon different groups of people and the environment.
4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and decline of Populism.
4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West.
|Competency Goal 5
|Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) - The learner will describe innovations in technology and business practices and assess their impact on economic, political, and social life in America.
5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.
5.02 Explain how business and industrial leaders accumulated wealth and wielded political and economic power.
5.03 Assess the impact of labor unions on industry and the lives of workers.
5.04 Describe the changing role of government in economic and political affairs.
|Competency Goal 6
|The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890-1914) - The learner will analyze causes and effects of the United States emergence as a world power.
6.01 Examine the factors that led to the United States taking an increasingly active role in world affairs.
6.02 Identify the areas of United States military, economic, and political involvement and influence.
6.03 Describe how the policies and actions of the United States government impacted the affairs of other countries.
|Competency Goal 7
|The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) - The learner will analyze the economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive Period.
7.01 Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.
7.02 Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive Period.
7.03 Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions and segments of the United States' society.
7.04 Examine the impact of technological changes on economic, social, and cultural life in the United States.
|Competency Goal 8
|The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930) - The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War I and the war's influence on international affairs during the 1920's.
8.01 Examine the reasons why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of World War I but later became involved.
8.02 Identify political and military turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome of the conflict.
8.03 Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other nations.
|Competency Goal 9
|Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and political changes of the decades of "The Twenties" and "The Thirties."
9.01 Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920's and 1930's.
9.02 Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period.
9.03 Analyze the significance of social, intellectual, and technological changes of lifestyles in the United States.
9.04 Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender.
9.05 Assess the impact of New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life.
|Competency Goal 10
|World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930s-1963) - The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War II and the war's influence on international affairs in following decades.
10.01 Elaborate on the causes of World War II and reasons for United States entry into the war.
10.02 Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome and aftermath of the conflict.
10.03 Describe and analyze the effects of the war on American economic, social, political, and cultural life.
10.04 Elaborate on changes in the direction of foreign policy related to the beginnings of the Cold War.
10.05 Assess the role of organizations established to maintain peace and examine their continuing effectiveness.
|Competency Goal 11
|Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) - The learner will trace economic, political, and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period.
11.01 Describe the effects of the Cold War on economic, political, and social life in America.
11.02 Trace major events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its impact.
11.03 Identify major social movements including, but not limited to, those involving women, young people, and the environment, and evaluate the impact of these movements on the United States' society.
11.04 Identify the causes of United States' involvement in Vietnam and examine how this involvement affected society.
11.05 Examine the impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life.
11.06 Identify political events and the actions and reactions of the government officials and citizens, and assess the social and political consequences.
|Competency Goal 12
|The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) - The learner will identify and analyze trends in domestic and foreign affairs of the United States during this time period.
12.01 Summarize significant events in foreign policy since the Vietnam War.
12.02 Evaluate the impact of recent constitutional amendments, court rulings, and federal legislation on United States' citizens.
12.03 Identify and assess the impact of economic, technological, and environmental changes in the United States.
12.04 Identify and assess the impact of social, political, and cultural changes in the United States.
12.05 Assess the impact of growing racial and ethnic diversity in American society.
12.06 Assess the impact of twenty-first century terrorist activity on American society.
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DetailsWe can offer you high-quality start numbers in black (metallic) and in white, featuring a stylish chrome rim. They are available in two sizes; the size of this version is 65 x 85mm. We can also supply you with the matching background sticker, which you can cut to the size needed.
Number 3
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Name Sticker Starting Number, Black, Small Number 3 Item No. ST-NR20S3 Brand Various Size 15cm Theme No. 3


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Arriving at 1.55pm, I thought I'd be early, but to my surprise, all but Babe had already arrived. Food bloggers, they seem to be quite punctual for food. The glitterati included Teckiee, the famous celebrity blogger, always surrounded by bevy of chicks, Simon Seow, WMW, Precious Pea, and later on, Serena & Dwayne, and when she finally appeared, Babe.
I think the event is by invitation only, and the place was filled with professional cameramen and paparazzi, and NZN staff. There were more flashbulbs going off than Angelina Jolie's arrival at the Oscars.
We were given party packs, which included, amongs other things, a stress ball bearing NZN name, which Teckiee very gently handled and showed us.
Actually, looking at the menu, I was thinking, hmmm, it doesnt take much to make it delicious...the ice cream is delicious enough as it is....without any help.
The picture above is symbolic, of what was to come. Ice cream sandwiched between cakes....
Chef T L Lee, who is also a lecturer in Taylors, was highly entertaining, and articulate.
We also had our own celebrity photographer in our midst, Dwayne Foong. Can't wait to see his pics. Thanks Dwayne for helping me clean my smudged lens...
Chef taught us something rather interesting. He said that a well washed hand is better than wearing gloves, coz plastic gloves make you sweat inside, and the sweat might actually drip out into the food. Hence it is better to make sure your hands are clean. Its not the only activity I can think of that feels better without any protection.
Pieces of butterscotch cookie dough, cut into even pieces, for rolling and baking
Teckiee's Response when Chef Lee told us to go to our respective workstations and replicate the sponge cake and butterscotch cookies that he had just demonstrated.
Look at the chick magnet, Simon Seow. Now that he has appeared with cooking utensils in his hand, do expect a surge in his already numerous pictures with the chicks.
Here I am rolling the butterscotch biscuits in the sweaty palm. They tasted gooodd...
Finally, after the group work, which was fun, it was back to watching the see foo in action. We have him circumcizing the sponge savioardi biscuits here, so that they have a flat edge that can stand up in the tin, surrounding the tiramisu cake.
Butterscotch cookies and Almond Japonaise (which were premade) were used as bases and middle sections for the mango heaven and butterscotch surprise.
However, I am honestly not fond of rosettes, and non dairy whipping cream as a medium....though I dont mind using chocolate curls and chocolate shavings.
After the cake had been decorated, the paparazzi descended upon it literally like a celebrity bride about to walk down the aisle. Teckiee was very full of tongue on that day, for some strange reason.
The butterscotch surprise was yummy. Not normally a fan of butterscotch per se, I actually found this rather delectable. Went well with the butterscotch cookie beneath, and actually, might have gone well with our salty sponge too.
The blackforest, which had an oreo base, and chocolate sponge in between layers of heavenly boysenberry ice cream, was also superb. I ate it sans the non dairy whipping cream, no point wasting those calories on something that is meant purely as decoration.
The tiramisu ice cream cake was also deeelicious. Oh, hangon, the layer of hokey pokey atop the layer of espresso was far too sweet, in my opinion. But the combination was superb. I would have done the proportions is reverse. ie, more espresso, less hokey pokey. The sponge fingers were purely decorative, another case of not wanting to waste unnecessary calories.
It was a lovely way to spend a Saturday afternoon, indulging in delicious ice cream, and having loads of fun with fellow food bloggers. Kudos to the Cooking House for putting together such a workshop.
Personally, I feel that NZN Ice cream is good enough to serve on its own, and would make a delightful dessert for any occasion, but yeah, it is a good idea to use it in cake too. However, be warned, it won't be cheap. I reckon the cost price for the blackforest of that size but be about RM80 or more. COST PRICE okay. But ohhhh soooo goood.


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We reported yesterday that Twitter had closed the Operation Anon account shortly after it initiated DDoS attacks on Visa and Mastercard, and Facebook shortly followed the lead. However, the group is most likely going to create new user profiles, only to enter a cycle of being shut down by the social networking sites.
The WikiLeaks supporters had an impressive following on Facebook and Twitter prior to being pulled, and used the sites to threaten dissidents and inspire like-minded individuals. The Christian Science Monitor reports that early Wednesday morning, user "Guy Fawkes" wrote, "Mastercard, Visa, Paypal, Amazon all betray America by betraying Free Speech. You will all be dealt with. Anonymous is on your case. WikiLeaks cannot be silenced!," on Operation Payback's Facebook page. But it's unlikely Facebook and Twitter will pay for their detraction as long as they continue to support WikiLeaks.
Of course faux accounts are popping up left and right, and will continue to. It's a minor obstacle for Anonymous, which used social media to announce its plans and attacks, but they're clearly a digital-friendly bunch and will presumably be able to find a way to communicate to followers. And if they don't, the fake accounts work to add confusion as to what they're targeting next.
But losing their Facebook and Twitter accounts is relatively minor compared to the possible arrest of one of the group's members. Dutch police have taken a teenage boy into custody in relation to the attacks,which are believed to be coming out of Haarlem, a city near Amsterdam. De Telegraaph reports that the sixteen year old was interrogated and confessed, but there are no other details at this time.
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- 3 ways to protect yourself from home security camera hackers


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Spring 1998 — As the oceanic plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges, rocks from Earth's mantle, far below, rise to fill the void, mostly via slow plastic flow. As the rock approaches the top of its journey, however, partial melting occurs, so that the upper 6 kilometers of oceanic crust are composed of melts, which both erupt on the seafloor as lava and crystallize beneath the surface to form what are known as "plutonic" rocks.
Melt forms in tiny "pores" along the boundaries between different crystals, and the pores form an interconnected network of tubes 1 to 10 microns in diameter. Since the melts are less dense than the residual solids, they are relatively buoyant and move upward faster than the rest of the upwelling mantle. The exact process by which very small amounts of melt rise to form voluminous lava flows is the subject of some controversy. We do know that:
1) melts must rise through the upper 30 kilometers of the mantle without equilibrating with the surrounding rocks, and
2) melt forms in a region several hundred kilometers wide and then coalesces into a narrow band just a few kilometers wide—the mid-ocean ridge—where igneous crust is formed by crystallization of magma.
Studying processes that take place within the earth is not easy, but plate motions occasionally thrust pieces of crust to the surface that provide windows to the interior: Outcrops of Earth's lower crust and upper mantle are exposed in ophiolites, slices of oceanic plates that are found on land. They generally occur in mountain belts along continental margins and are usually tilted, so that in the largest ophiolites the erosional surface exposes rocks that ordinarily reside 10 or even 20 kilometers below the seafloor. We turned to ophiolites to address the question of how slow, porous flow preserves disequilibrium between melts and the upper 30 kilometers of residual mantle rocks.
The process by which ophiolites are thrust onto the continental margins is uncertain. This raises a basic issue: The rocks in ophiolites are certainly formed at submarine spreading centers similar to the mid-ocean ridges, but they may be exceptional in their composition or structure—after all, "normal" oceanic crust is under water! Furthermore, like all exposures of ancient rocks, ophiolites only preserve an indistinct record of their formation. For questions regarding how representative they are, how hot they were, how fast they formed, scientists will always look to direct observations of active mid-ocean ridges.
However, rocks in ophiolites closely resemble the rocks sampled by dredging and drilling in the deep ocean basins, and the vertical structure of ophiolites corresponds well to the structure of oceanic plates inferred from geophysical measurements. Because they expose very deep rocks, and because their three-dimensional structure can be determined directly by geologic mapping, ophiolites provide a complete view of the oceanic plates' internal geometry that is unmatched by any sampling or imaging technique used at sea. For example, the deepest holes so far drilled into submarine oceanic plates are 1.5 to 2.5 kilometers deep, about 10 times shallower than the deepest exposures in large ophiolites. And drill core is only 6 centimeters in diameter, whereas deep exposures in ophiolites extend for hundreds of thousands of square kilometers.
Because of these factors, there is an ongoing dialogue between scientists conducting seagoing research and those involved in ophiolite investigations that is essential to our understanding of the structure and genesis of oceanic plates.
Several types of melt extraction feature can be observed in the mantle section of an ophiolite located in Oman. They range from "dikes," fractures filled with minerals crystallized from a melt, to "replacive dunites," rocks composed only of the mineral olivine. Both of these types of feature are hosted within the normal mantle rocks, called peridotites, that are composed mainly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene. Our work focuses on the replacive dunites, which are formed when melt migrating by porous flow, saturated only in olivine, dissolves all the pyroxene from the rock. Dunites in the Oman mantle section show a deformation pattern that is sub-parallel to the paleo-seafloor, like the surrounding peridotites, indicating that the dunites must have formed in the region of mantle upwelling beneath the spreading ridge.
Our data show that replacive dunites in Oman formed within and around conduits of focused porous flow of melt deep in the mantle, and that the dunites were in equilibrium with the melts that formed the crust. Focused porous flow through dunites satisfies the constraint that melt must be transported through the upper 30 kilometers of the mantle without equilibrating with residual perido-tites. The width of the largest dunites exceeds 50 meters. Melts moving by porous flow in the interiors of such large dunites are separated from residual peridotite by many meters of dunite and thus escape chemical interaction with residual peridotite even though the melts are moving slowly.
How do dunites form? One possibility is that they simply arise as a result of reaction during porous flow. In the late 1980s, a group of hydrologists at the University of Indiana, led by Peter Ortoleva, conducted theoretical studies of porous flow of a solvent through partially soluble rock. They found that the coupling of flow and dissolution leads to the formation of high porosity channels that focus porous flow. Small perturbations in the initial porosity will grow exponentially because of a positive feedback loop: More fluid flow passes through areas with higher porosity, increasing the local dissolution rate, which increases the porosity, which in turn leads to yet higher flow velocities.
Ortoleva's group and several other labs developed a "solution front" theory, in which undersaturated liquid comes into contact with the soluble porous medium along a planar front perpendicular to the liquid flow. MIT/WHOI Joint Program graduate student Einat Aharonov used sophisticated mathematics and new modeling techniques to show that even in a system where the liquid and solids maintain equilibrium everywhere, if the solubility of the solid in the liquid increases downstream, the result will be the exponential growth of dissolution channels.
Aharonov's analysis also predicted the spacing between the fastest growing channels in the initial stages of channel growth. This spacing is proportional to the average flow velocity. As channels grow and become more permeable, the flow velocity increases. Based on this result, we predicted that over long time periods and long distances, natural systems would also produce networks with decreasing numbers of channels as a function of increasing time, and as a function of distance downstream. Such a channel network, coalescing downstream, is schematically illustrated in Figure 1. We called this picture Einat's Castle.
Aharonov's calculations and simulations were focused on the initial, infinitesimal stages of channel growth. More recently, Marc Spiegelman (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University) has modeled the process continuing to finite times. Many features that are transient in the initial stages reach steady state at longer times. Most importantly, the number of channels vs. distance downstream becomes steady, producing a coalescing drainage network (Figure 2) that is remarkably similar to the simple prediction in Einat's Castle.
As for many coalescing channel systems in nature, the networks in Figures 1 and 2 show a "power law" relationship between the number of channels and the flux (volume transported per unit time) in the channels (Figures 3A & B). This arises because the flux doubles when two channels meet to form a larger one downstream, and this doubling is multiplied at each junction. This explains the slope in Figure 3A for Einat's castle.
It is interesting to note that Theodore Wilson (University of Minnesota) in 1976 found the same kind of relationship, with conservation of flux downstream in human bronchial tubes. Their geometry is governed by an additional constraint that the cross-sectional area of the tubes is conserved at junctions. Such a branching geometry was first proposed by Leonardo da Vinci to account for the branching properties of some kinds of trees. The combination of downstream conservation of flux and cross-sectional area produces a power law relationship between the number and radius of the tubes in such a branching system (Figure 3C).
None of this "proves" that the dunites we observed in the Oman ophiolite formed solely as a result of dissolution channeling. In addition to dissolution channeling, dunite formation may also have been influenced by other processes including focusing of melt in zones of localized deformation, "suction" of melt into the region of plate separation beneath ridges, focusing of melt flow beneath permeability barriers, especially near the top of the upwelling mantle column, and perhaps the formation of dunite in porous reaction zones around melt-filled cracks. All of these processes may operate—in different times and places—and it is not yet clear which are dominant in melt extraction from the mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges.
It was with the hope of providing vital new data to discriminate between these possibilities that we conceived the idea of taking photographs from a blimp. We reasoned that the preferred channel spacings and coalescing networks that arise in simple models of porous flow through a soluble solid matrix might be found in the mantle dunites of the Washington Cascades. If a regular spatial distribution of dunites existed and could be photographed by a blimp-mounted camera, it might indicate an important role for dissolution channeling during dunite formation.
We were inspired by detailed, photomosaic maps of RMS Titanic made by the remotely operated vehicles Jason and Argo, and reasoned that we should be able to produce similar maps on land. In 1996, WHOI Associate Scientist Greg Hirth and I received a WHOI Mellon Independent Study Award that allowed us to purchase an 8-meter-long blimp, 3 meters in diameter, from AdverBlimp, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. It is similar to blimps that fly over shopping malls and car dealerships, announcing a sale or the opening of a new showroom. BOLO (Blimp for On Land Oceanography) can lift about 20 kilograms. We used a helicopter to fly helium into a backcountry campsite, inflated the blimp, hung a camera beneath it, and photographed rock outcrops in alpine meadows at about 2,000 meters elevation.
In geology it is impossible to escape the influence of history. Thus, we did not expect to reveal a simple, coalescing network. The mantle that will undergo melting as it rises beneath a spreading ridge has a complicated prior history that began with accretion of material that formed Earth, and has continued through many episodes of crustal formation and recycling. This gives rise to compositional variations, which in turn produce varying amounts of melt. In addition, the crystals that form the mantle have been stretched and aligned, "lineated," by billions of years of convection. Because of these processes, melt flow networks encounter pre-existing structures that guide their geometry, making predictions of their patterns difficult. The inescapable effects of history, potentially unique for each specific region, constitute a major barrier to theoretical prediction in the earth sciences. A more useful application of a model such as ours is to try to gain insight into general principles governing coalescing networks of porous channels. One such principle is a tendency toward exponentially increasing flux with an exponentially decreasing number of downstream channels (Figure 3).
Figure 4 illustrates one photo frame taken from the blimp along with a combination of about 50 such frames into a digital photomosaic. Creation of this mosaic was greatly aided by the fact that the outcrops are almost perfectly flat! We made all our photographs with the camera lens oriented perpendicular to the plane of the outcrop, from a constant distance away. Furthermore, we were lucky in that all of the channels in the dunites of this area are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the outcrop, which greatly eases determination of their true size in three dimensions.
In Figure 4, the channels are in black, residual mantle peridotite is grey, and areas covered by soil or vegetation are white. Having created this image, our next step was to measure the size and number of dunites. We did this by adding a grid of straight lines, aligned perpendicular to the general trend of the dunites. We asked our computer to find all the intersections between the lines and the dunites, and measure their length. Then we combined and analyzed the measurements in terms of the number of intersections with a given length. These data are shown in Figure 5 for several outcrops.
It is striking that the width of the dunites (intersection length) has a power law relationship to their number, with a negative slope, as in the size/frequency plot for human bronchial tubes in Figure 3C. The presence of such a regular structure suggests that all the dunites were active at once, and formed a coalescing network in which small conduits of focused flow within many small dunites were connected to a few large conduits within large dunites. The constancy of the slope from outcrop to outcrop gives us confidence that the measurement is "robust"—not an artifact due to a limited number of observations.
Human bronchial tubes are open cylinders, whereas conduits within dunites in the mantle are channels of high porosity. Thus, the slopes in Figures 3C and 5 should not be the same. We can reproduce the observed slope for the dunites in Figure 5 with a simple scaling relationship in which flux is conserved, channels join in pairs with similar sizes, and the porosity varies from 5 percent in the biggest dunites to 0.5 percent in the smallest ones.
Much more data analysis will be required in order to adequately test the theory that a chemical dissolution process is responsible for this structure. However, the linear relationship in Figure 5 is exciting for many reasons. For melt extraction, it suggests that the relationship between width and number of channels might be generally predictable. If so, we can extrapolate this relationship to a much larger area, such as the cross-sectional area of the mantle beneath an active mid-ocean spreading ridge, as schematically illustrated in Figure 6. This approach could be valuable because we will never be able to observe such a huge area directly. We can then ask, are there dunite channels wide enough and numerous enough to account for chemically isolated transport of melt from deep in the melting region to the base of the crust? Our provisional answer is "yes."
Looking beyond the specialized field of melt extraction, our results on the mechanisms and consequences of flow focusing become even more exciting. In 1976, Wilson emphasized the fundamentally important point that the coalescing network of bronchial tubes in the human lung is optimally efficient. For a system with a single large inlet (your throat), and the requirement to disperse air to the surface of thousands of capillaries less than a millimeter in diameter, the geometry of Figure 3C minimizes energy loss due to friction of moving air along the tube walls. In terms of thermodynamics, the bronchial network minimizes entropy (the amount of energy unavailable for useful work in a system undergoing change).
Perhaps it is not surprising that human lungs are optimally efficient. After all, organisms on Earth have had billions years of trial and error to work out the bugs in their design. However, some chemical systems develop similar structures in minutes. Nobel-prize-winning chemist Ilya Prigogine (University of Texas at Austin and International Solvay Institutes, Belgium) showed that, on laboratory time scales, some systems, which are open to chemical transport and which remain close to equilibrium, tend to find a steady state that minimizes entropy production. Again, perhaps this is understandable since chemical organization is the statistical result of countless molecular interactions, each of which happens in nanoseconds.
It may be that a variety of Earth systems—porous channels, mantle convection, rivers, faults—all tend to develop geometries that minimize entropy production. They might not always reach an optimal structure, given the constraints of geologic history. However, just understanding this tendency could lead to the development of valuable predictive tools, and provide a unifying factor in the study of disparate natural phenomena.


text: Service providers wooing SMEs Jan 23, 2009 Economic Times (India) | Anirvan Ghosh These days, venture capitalists are ever more cautious with their money. The way to catch their eye? Pitch a company whose mission is to save customers money. That is the advice from three venture capitalists who invest in the three major Silicon Valley sectors: information technology, health care technology and green technology.


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