text:
Scout makes city hall sign his Eagle project
At just 12 years old, Shad Hess wondered why there wasn't a sign in front of Blackfoot City Hall letting people know where the city's businesses is conducted. So, he took it upon himself to make building and erecting a sign his Eagle Scout project.
"How is anyone supposed to know where City Hall is when there is no sign in front of the building?" Hess asked.
Hess said he approached Blackfoot Mayor Mike Virtue with the idea of the sign and Virtue put him in touch with some local businessmen who donated goods and services to make the sign a reality.
With the help of Premier Technology who donated the metal; Bowers Auto Body, who donated the paint; and Max Herrera, a family friend, who helped with the welding, Hess completed and erected the 10-foot tall sign in front of Blackfoot City Hall on Broadway last month.
Hess, who has since turned 13, said he has a goal to earn 60 merit badges and is currently at 26. He is a member of the Moreland Ward Boy Scout Troop No. 207 under the leadership of Brent Christensen. He is the son of Scott and Jennifer Hess and will be an eighth grader this year at Snake River Junior High School.
"People come up with all kinds of ideas and you never know if they will follow through or not." Virtue said. "What Shad [Hess] did, completing his Eagle Project before the age of 13, is pretty impressive."
Eagle Scout projects are a great way to give back to the community," he added. "I am very pleased. This was a great community effort and is a win-win for everybody."

subset: commoncrawl


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plaque attack
I have a kitty with severely red gums and horrible breath. He's had his teeth cleaned recently, but because his mouth hurts, he doesn't eat like he should. Dry food is totally out. Does plaque attack work? I hate to keep having him go under anasthesia to get his teeth cleaned. Thanks!
How old is your cat? Does he have any mouth ulcers? Any teeth that need removing? I'm concerned that his appetite is affected by his dental health, because it could mean he has something like Stomatitis, which is an auto-immue disease resulting in chronic, painful mouth inflammation. Can be very difficult to treat, and something like Plaque Attack is not likely to make any difference whatsoever. Even if Stomatitis isn't the issue, I'd stay away from Plaque Attack. Not only does it contain ingredients cats shouldn't be ingesting, but good luck to anyone that actually tries to spray this stuff in their mouth!
"To close your eyes will not ease another's pain." ~ Chinese Proverb
We must not refuse to see with our eyes what they must endure with their bodies. ~ Gretchen Wyler
Plaque Attack for cats
I am with Plaque Attack and I would like to clear up the mis-information posted here.
Plaque Attack is not only safe for cats and dogs, but it has primarily been sold though veterinarians who would prefer to prevent illnesses instead of treatments.
Plaque Attack works. Its ingredients are safe and have proven to be so. Additionally, there is a gel version with Wild Salmon oil which can be swiped on the teeth, on a paw or on a treat to get into the mouth. The product does need at least 30 minutes without the pet drinking to avoid having it rinsed off.
A full ingredient list is on www.plaqueattack.ca - upper right corner for the FAQ and the ingredient list.
Last edited by Blackbear; December 10th, 2010 at 04:27 PM. Reason: No promotion, pls
plaque attack
My vet advised me that it has grain alcohol as one of the main ingredients which is actually wood alcohol. I can't see how that would be safe for either a cat or dog. My vet suggested Pet Dental as a safer alternative.
"To close your eyes will not ease another's pain." ~ Chinese Proverb
We must not refuse to see with our eyes what they must endure with their bodies. ~ Gretchen Wyler
Essential oil ingredients contraindicated for pets
I am a clinician and formulary herbalist and clinical aromatherapist who founded a company that manufacturers among other products, a line of Equine and Pet herbal products. We also manufacture a Premium Line (for Adults) and Children's Line (the first commercially available line of true alcohol-free formulas for Children in the herbal/natural products industry starting in 1991). My company was the first company in the industry to introduce the Aromaceutical concept into liquid herbal products, e.g. adding a small ingredient amount of Essential Oils (EO's) blends into the finished liquid herbal products.
Studies in Europe have clearly shown that EO's are toxic (and even poisonous) to small pets, dogs and cats included, but ESPECIALLY CATS! This is not hubris or something drawn out of thin air but a proven scientific fact!
We were approached by a Veterinarian in Virginia about doing a specific line of our products for small pets, as she had already been using the Children's products for her small pet patients. This of course prompted me to inform her not to use any products that contained our Aromaceutical ingredient. A complete line of Pets products was developed/formulated followed shortly thereafter with an Equine line of products. In both our Equine and Pets products NO EO's are used at anytime. Why? Because dogs and cats, and especially cats, cannot matabolize the heavy mole weight constituents of EO's, such as the terpines, esters and aldehyde compounds. These compounds build up in the liver of dogs and cats and over time WILL result in serious liver problems and damage, that can result in death.Even external use of diluted EO's solutions are damaging. Sadly, most Veterinarians don't recognize the symptoms for EO's toxicity/poisoning and can accidentally utilize a protocol that can exacerbate the condition.
Dr. George is a dentist who's schooling and degree are for HUMAN medicine, not veterinarian medicine. He obviously has no knowledge or understanding of dog and cat physiology, biochemistry or animal medicine considerations. He (or she) has patented a product that has no reliable basis in clinical studies as to toxicity/poisoning issues specifically for Plaque Attack. As for the people who say they have used Plaque Attack for years on their pets "safely," well... that needs to be substantiated with a full liver panel of these pets to ascertain if indeed they have not been damaged with the EO's ingredients in this product. Those testimonials are a very shallow assessment and ignore the need for much deeper assessment of this premise done on a scientific basis, not cheap anecdotal stories that completely ignore the evidence otherwise and put innocent pets at risk. No matter how you cut it using Plaque Attack with its EO's ingredients is a form of cruelty to pets I cannot not broker.
I have studied EO's and their uses in general aromatherapy (topical use), clinical aromatherapy (internal use), herbalism, nutritional science, foods, beverages, confectionaries, etc., and have a highly weighted understanding of the physiological and biochemical effects on humans AND animals, and have collaborated with numerous veterinarians who completely agree with my assessments. In other words, I can safely say I know much more about this subject of using EO's as ingredients in products and their effects both short term and long term on pets than the creator(s)/purveyor(s) of Plaque Attack do.
In closing, Plaque Attack's EO's ingredients are contraindicated for pets in many respectable and credible texts on the subject both here in the U.S. and abroad, especially Europe. Also, my personal experience verifies that the EO's ingredients in Plaque Attack are a ticking time bomb of toxicity and poisoning for innocent pets. This is fact, not the fantasy hubris the owner/marketers of Plaque Attack are foisting on an unsuspecting public and ill informed veterinarian community.
To Buddahcowboy
Thank you for your info on Plaque attack. I wonder how I could research the info from the studies in Europe that you refer to. So far I am not even able to find a list of ingredients used in the product.
I have 2 small dogs. One has diabetes.
I did not like the smell of the product and was wary of using it, but did so against my better judgment, in the hopes of taking better care of their teeth.
I have been using it for about a week. For the last few days I notice that my diabetic dog is drinking A Lot more water. Today she didn't want to get up for breakfast, tho eventually she did eat. This was Very unusual.
I am wondering how long it would take for liver damage to show up in a blood test. And I am wondering what I can do to undo damage if there has been any.
Her last blood test was about a month ago and she was in very good shape at that time, except for the need for tooth extractions.
I wish I had trusted my instincts and not used the Plaque Attack.
Yours seems to be the Most informative thing I have read about plaque attack. I would definitely like to read the studies you speak of, but search results seem to be limited, or I do not know the proper way to search in depth.
I hope to hear from you.
Thank you, Ames
PS, I am new to this forum. I don't know if I will be notified if you or anyone else replys here.
{ Edited. No personal eMail addresses, pls}
Last edited by hazelrunpack; October 21st, 2012 at 05:16 PM. Reason: more certain contact
Treatment "PlaqueOff" that help with plaque in cats (it has helped to my cat)
* Fights Bad Breath
* Fights Tartar
* Fights Plaque
PlaqueOff is a powder. The ingredients are:
Thanks for your post. I too was in search of a solution for this problem.
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text:
DATE: April 29, 2005
TO: Agency Addressed (No. 10, 2004-2005)
FROM: Douglas A. Darling, Director
Division of Accounting and Auditing
Department of Financial Services
SUBJECT: Recovery Audit
In preparation for the transition to Aspire, the State of Florida has contracted with PRG-Schultz for recovery audit services. PRG-Schultz will review all payments, greater than or equal to $25.00, made to vendors for commodities and contractual services from July 1, 2000 through June 30, 2004. Payroll, Retirement, Public Assistance, Child Support, Medicaid, Unemployment Compensation, and Workers' Compensation payments are excluded from the audit.
FLAIR data showing transactions from July 1, 2000 through June 30, 2004 has been provided to PRG-Schultz. The data is being analyzed to identify potential overpayments and other errors. PRG-Schultz staff may need to examine documentation stored by each agency related to these potential overpayments and errors. PRG-Schultz staff are required to pull, copy, and re-file any documentation needed for examination. PRG-Schultz staff must obtain approval from the agency prior to contacting vendors for repayment after an overpayment or other type of error has been identified and documented. Agencies should experience minimal disruption of daily processes.
Mr. Dwayne Brownell of PRG-Schultz is the Lead Recovery Auditor for this contract. Each agency must provide the name, title, phone number, physical location, and mailing address of a contact person to act as a liaison between the agency and PRG-Schultz. Please provide your agency's contact information to Roy Jeter at (850) 410-9474, Suncom 210-9474 or firstname.lastname@example.com by May 11, 2005.


text:
New Website
Many thanks to Paul Drummond who designed and built this new website for us.
The new site navigation should help you find your way around. The site can be thought of as four mini-sites, plus related information. There are separate sections for the TTA Press publications, each with a unique address.
Within each section you'll find news items, current and back issues, contributor information, free stories, reviews and more. Each section has its own news feed (RSS) you can subscribe to.
There's a contact section you can use to get in touch with TTA Press. You can also change your subscription address and keep up to date via Twitter.
The forum has been given a quick tidy up, but is otherwise unchanged. We hope to upgrade it in the next phase of development, which will include a new shop.
The site is standards-based and should work on as many browsers and devices as possible. (If you're lucky enough to have an iPhone or iPod Touch give it a go on that.)
All the basic content should be here but there's still plenty more to add, including plenty of site-exclusive features.
We hope you enjoy the new site and that everything is working correctly. Please let us know, either way!
Section items by date:


text:
Your acreage may not be large, but wheat is decorative landscaping, good for the soil, a nice garden backdrop, attractive along walls and fences.
And it is a good start toward making your yard edible.
Prepare the soil as you would for garden crops. Plant wheat seeds one and one-half inches deep, about two inches apart. Experts recommend about 36 seeds per square foot. Give your plot or pot a thorough watering to get the seed going, then sit back and enjoy watching it grow. Wheat in the ground needs water only every couple of weeks, and, unlike that old fashioned lawn, you don't have to mow it. Wheat will be ready to harvest in 4 to 6 months, but in the meantime, it will put on a nice show.
Do you need a reason to plant wheat?
You'll be helping maintain grain diversity. You can grow very rare varieties of wheat, find out how they do in our climate, taste ancient grains like Emmer or Kamut as a cereal, bowl of grain salad, or a tasty flatbread. You can supply kernels to a seed exchange. (One 3' by 3' plot, can grow 2500 seeds.)
Where to get seed?
Bob's Red Mill grains test as lively and viable, and they include Spelt, Kamut, and grains like Amaranth & Quinoa.
Heirloom & ancient wheat seed can be purchased from several suppliers:
Salt Spring Farm http://saltspringseeds.com/
Blue Bird Farm http://bluebirdgrainfarms.com/
Community Grains http://comunitygrains.com/
Sustainable Seed Company http://sustainableseedco.com/wheat/
Rare seed is sold in packets of 300 seeds, enough for ten square feet, or a few large pots. You might be the first in your neighborhood to harvest Russian Vavilov, Alaskan Spelt, Black Einkorn, or Brazilian Amber.
|India-Jammu one month after planting
For more advise on home-grown wheat cultivation:
So join this grass roots revolution. Grow a patch of wheat. Seed savers and seed banks will thank you. Your 300 seeds could yield two or three pounds. Working together we can find larger plots where we can grow that into three hundred pounds. That half ounce of rare wheat seed has been multiplied by almost ten thousand, providing enough for a farmer to plant three acres, and that could yield three tons of that rare wheat seed which cost you, the initiating grower, $3.50.
You can tell your kids and your neighbors that you did your part in restoring one of the great wheats of the world ...
... and maybe one of the most uniquely flavorful.
... and maybe one of the most uniquely flavorful.


text: Drought Probability? March 9, 2013 02:57 AM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Ben Potter AgWeb Social Media and Innovation Editor Email New study uses soil moisture deficits for better analysis The 2012 drought was an exceptional case, but drought dials up crop damage every year—about $8 billion worth in an average year, in fact. Researchers are now busy trying to find better ways to analyze and monitor drought. For example, researchers at Oklahoma State University (OSU) are creating a calendar of seasonal drought patterns to help farmers synchronize the growth of their crops with those periods of time when drought is less likely. The challenge lies with how drought is calculated. Researchers tend to use common atmospheric data such as temperature and rainfall. But these measurements do not factor an important component of drought. "Atmospheric variables do not take into account soil moisture," says Tyson Ochsner, OSU assistant professor of applied soil physics and lead author of the study. "Soil moisture can provide an important buffer against short-term precipitation deficits." Ochsner and his co-authors tapped into 15 years of soil-moisture measurements from eight locations across Oklahoma to calculate soil water deficits and analyze days on which dry conditions would be most likely. They found that soil-moisture deficits more successfully predicted water-stressed plants than atmospheric analysis. Researchers calculated deficits by determining the difference between the soil's water-holding capacity and actual water content. They determined a threshold when plants would experience stress from lack of water. Each threshold was individually calculated because of the specific soil characteristics at each site. The researchers also found that previous attempts to use atmospheric data often underestimated drought conditions. They hope to use soil water data whenever it's available to better paint a picture of the days on which drought conditions are most likely. Where this data is not available, Ochsner is looking into changes to atmospheric predictions to make them more accurate. Further research is needed to optimize atmospheric calculations and provide more accurate analysis for fields without access to soil-water data, he says. Stubborn soil-water deficits. Got a soil water deficit on your farm? It might not go away easily, even with multiple soaking rains. Iowa State University ag meteorologist Elwynn Taylor serves up the following hypothetical to illustrate the issue. Assume that your field suffered severe droughts and there is no available water in the rooting zone, around 5' deep. If you assume the field has a water-carrying capacity of about 2" per foot, even a nice, soaking, 1" rainstorm isn't going to penetrate 5' into the soil—not even close. "Let's say an inch of rain falls, none runs off, and it all soaks in," Taylor says. "The soil has mud in the top 3" for a few hours, but it soaks down about 6". After a day or so, half the water in inch-6 wicks into inch-7. In another day, half the water in inch-7 wicks into inch-8. That's about as far as it goes." In other words, any rainfall on drought-stressed ground is good, but the road to total replenishment might be a longer process than some realize. In fact, researchers at the University of Missouri say a two-year recovery is a more likely reality in many areas. Randall Miles, associate professor of soil science at the University of Missouri School of Natural Resources, also has observed soil in the Midwest that is dry down to 8'. He says in 2012, corn roots often had to go down to this depth to extract water. Using that same 2"-per-1'-of-soil metric, Miles says that adds up to a 16" water deficit. "Even if parts of the Midwest receive a lot of snowfall and rain this spring, it will take time for the moisture to move deeply into the soil where the driest conditions exist," he says. In those areas that need to overcome a 16" shortfall in soil moisture, farmers don't just need 16" of rainfall—they need 16" above normal conditions, Miles explains. Soil moisture isn't the only thing desperately seeking recovery from the drought, Miles adds. Two years is also the estimated time it will take to rebuild soil microbes. in the horizon. Barge traffic on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers is also patiently waiting for the water levels to rise. "Until we start seeing normal rainfall, the water levels on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers are going to be low, affecting the number of barges that can pass on the rivers at one time," the soil scientist says. AgWeb Exclusive: Soil Moisture Maps Maps that track rain, snow and other weather events are helpful planning tools. The Climate Corporation, a weather insurance company, has developed a similar map that tracks the depletion and replenishment of soil moisture throughout the season. The first of these maps tracks Illinois soil moisture through the 2012 season, is available on www.agweb.com/soil_moisture. "We created a video visualization of how drought swept across the state of Illinois this past year, starting in April and going through September," says Jeff Hamlin, Climate Corporation director of agronomic research. "It gives the very granular view of how the soil moisture conditions varied across each 2.5x2.5-mile square of land in the state for each day from April 15 through Sept. 30." The model assumes an April 15 planting date with 108-day corn, he adds. Climate Corporation plans to develop similar maps for several additional Midwest states that will update weekly throughout the 2013 season. These maps will appear exclusively on www.agweb.com—check in after May 1 to track soil moisture progression in your state. You can e-mail Ben Potter at email@example.com. Back to news


text:
Charleston Gazette
Along U. S. 60
50 Eating Places Refuse Negroes
June 1, 1963
Along U. S. 60
50 Eating Places Refuse Negroes
Two Charleston travelers, back from a test tour of U. S. 60, reported Friday that a Negro can sit down and drink a cup of coffee in only two restaurants between White Sulphur Springs and Charleston.
The two, both Charleston Negroes, said they were turned away from more than 50 eating places.
"Everybody was very polite," said Oliver M. Greene of 202 Davidson Ave., "but firm."
Greene, who teaches industrial arts at Marmet Junior High School, was accompanied on the trip by Mrs. Cynthia Burks, a widow who lives at 915 Rugby St. He said the tour was a project of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
Actually they were served at three places. They were permitted to eat lunch in a Lewisburg restaurant, but were told it was a violation of the restaurant's policy and that it wouldn't happen again. Greene said some Greenbrier College girls who were in an adjoining booth got up on their knees to look at them and "appeared to be about as excited as if they were at a basketball game."
Greene and Mrs. Burks were served with question at two other places - in White Sulphur Springs and Rainelle.
Greene appeared to be amused rather than embittered by the experience. "It's just as adventurous for a Negro to travel U. S. 60 now," he said with a smile, "as it was for a white man to travel it 100 years ago."
He suggested that the National Safety Council work to integrate highway restaurants. "Every Negro traveler is a potential killer," he said, because he can get no food, rest or refreshment to ease his nerves during a long drive.
Greene said he saw only one "White Only" sign on the trip. That was at a Cedar Grove bus stop.
African Americans


text:
Welcome to the homepage of Spellings.net
Please use the menus on the left to navigate the site and find the information you require.
Quick links to our online-store and PurleyHosting.com can be found at the top of the page.
We hope you enjoy your visit!
Neil & Ina
All content (C) Spellings Computer Services Ltd 2007-2010


text:
Employee Service Portal (New!) This new employee service portal provides each district employee access to view and update certain pieces of information specific to them based on his/her unique Portal User ID/Password and associated Employee ID. Requires creation of new username and password which can be seen here.
Atomic Learning provides video tutorials on various technology tools. These tutorials are available to both students and faculty.
Destiny is the district's library and media resource system. This system offers staff and students a connection to several types of media and the district catalog.
College and Career Ready - Indiana's standards are designed to provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers. Information is available on the Indiana Department of Education website.
The Learning Connection (LC) is a system for Indiana educators that provides access to student achievement data, digital teaching and learning content and curriculum design tools. Included in the LC are tools that will allow teachers to work in partnership with other teachers across the state. LC offers educators an online supplement to the traditional classroom as well as allows teachers the opportunity to communicate with students, parents and educators, all via the LC portal.
Gmail Web Email can be accessed remotely from any location that has Internet access.
Tyler SIS (Tyler Student Information System) is the district wide student management system. Teachers can enter grades, check attendance and locate other demographic information as it relates to his/her students.
The Warren Autism Link is a resource for teachers, parents, and community members to find information on visual supports, community events, and other resources for people with autism.
Pivot is district wide system used to collect and organize data for multiple purposes. Current uses of Pivot include accessing student achievement reports by teachers and administrators and managing the teacher evaluation process.
Access Board Docs for school board meeting agendas, minutes, and policies.
For information concerning 403b distributions and other important 403 information, please use our Retirement Manager site to:
Absence reporting
Aesop: https://www.frontlinek12.com/aesop or 1-800-942-3767
Any questions or difficulties may be addressed to Donna Studevent, Guest Teacher Coordinator and Aesop Manager at 869-4300 Extension 4379.
10925 East Prospect Street Indianapolis, IN 46239
317.869.1327 Main
317.869.1331 Fax
2019 MSD of Warren, Township | Powered by Marketpath CMS


text:
I have noticed an increase in the last month of scans on my port 34956. Port authority, here, and Symantec did not have any information on this specific port that I found. Does anyone know what is scanning 34956?
I would guess that some new virus has started circulating on that port but since I did not find the information on Symantec I thought I should ask.
On the plus side my firewall is blocking it so my machines are not infected.


text:
It's over. It's finally over.
Sunday, March 20, 2011
This is how we're feeling right now. We are both jumping for joy (literally and figuratively) that this weekend has come. Before I go any further can I please talk about how funny this picture is? First of all, how freaky does my leg look? I didn't know I could/should bend like that? Is that normal? Also, Russ's face is very, very animated... almost creepy. Everything about it just kind of cracks me up.
Ok, moving on. Why are we jumping for joy? Let me tell you. This is the first Sunday where it isn't the "night before Russ leaves." Russ has been traveling with work for almost 3 months. Think back to New Years Day... yep, that's how long it's been. He spent 2 months working at Dell in North Austin, 2 weeks in Denver, and this last week he was in Dallas. He'd leave Monday mornings and come home Friday nights. This is one aspect of our lives that I haven't revealed to the world wide web, for obvious reasons. I have literally been living alone for nearly 3 months.
Luckily I have a job that keeps me busy during the day, but the nights have been rough. I hang out alone, come home to an empty house, go to bed alone, and wake up alone. I can honestly say this has been the hardest and loneliest 3 months of my life, and I am so, so, so glad it's over. I'm not usually that dramatic of a person, but even I knew it was bad when I would randomly cry on the way to work, sitting at work, or at home. Geez, just writing that sounds dramatic, but it's true. It has tested me in ways I didn't think possible -- it has tested my optimism, patience, our marriage, our communication, and more. It has also proven that I would be terrible in any long-distance relationship. It's been hard on both of us. For Russ, he has been on the road, living in hotel rooms and eating out for almost every meal (which gets old fast). I, on the other hand, have been living alone in a city with no husband or family. Yes, I have friends (and amazing ones at that), but they have husbands and families of their own that I didn't want to impose on.
But it's over. For now.
I'm sorry for airing out my dirty laundry, but it's my blog and writing this kind of stuff down every once and a while is therapeutic. Isn't it funny how you can look at someone's life (via blogs/facebook/etc.) and think their life is peachy-keen, only to find out they have been fighting the biggest battle up to that point in their life? Yep, that's been this here blog as of late.
Thanks for being there for me, my friends. You know who you are.
10 comments:
- B said...
- March 20, 2011 at 9:01 PM
- Megan said...
Wow. I didn't realize he was gone that often lately... I am impressed you survived. I left Sean for 4 days for work and I cried when I saw him...3 months would have killed me!
- March 20, 2011 at 10:02 PM
- Natalie said...
wahoo for that being over! Also, how did your leg manage to do that? And Russell's face in that picture is hilarious/creepy. Actually just straight up creepy.
- March 20, 2011 at 10:37 PM
- ~johnny becky hazel~ said...
YAY!!!!! And I'm a bad friend for not having you over...Geez. Well I'm so happy for you two love birds!
- March 21, 2011 at 7:16 AM
- rach said...
You're a trooper...both of you!
Side note: your backyard looks cute and quaint.
- March 21, 2011 at 7:42 AM
- Danielle said...
hahahaha! russ is creepy and awesome! i love it. love you more. you are right your leg looks twisted and broken. you look like angela in this picture.
- March 21, 2011 at 9:15 AM
- Becca said...
eesh. i can't even imagine doing that. i hope i never have to.
- March 21, 2011 at 9:32 AM
- Lindsay said...
It's over! Yay! I am so excited for ya'll for sooo many reasons :). And that is a fantastic leg pose.
- March 21, 2011 at 10:28 AM
- Sara said...
ouch. I would hate that sooooo much! Glad it's over, and hopefully over for good? You are awesome to make it through!
- March 21, 2011 at 1:46 PM
- Andi Fitz said...
I'm so glad it's over for you! What a cute picture of you guys at the top despite your freakily bent leg. It shows how excited you guys are. You are such a cute girl. I love your blog. We need to hang out more!
P.S. In 26 days You can post another picture like that for tax season being over! It's almost here!
- March 22, 2011 at 8:17 PM


text:
Finders Keepers: A Day at Antique World Mall
BOISE, Idaho (KBOI) - Sue Allgeyer walks past a stunning white Pendleton coat and stops in her tracks. Eyeing it closely, she carefully takes it from the hanger and slips it over her narrow shoulders. Judging by the joy on her face, you know she's thinking, 'Perfect fit.'
This happens a lot to Allgeyer, the owner and manager of Boise's Antique World Mall. She's been running the place since 2001, and knows first-hand that, in the antiques trade, you never pass up an opportunity, no matter what kind of dent it makes in your budget.
"I've learned during the years, "she says earnestly, "if you don't get it and miss out on it, you'll never see it again. Gotta grab it when you see it."
So Allgeyer is in a sweet spot, probably the sweetest for anyone who likes old things, vintage things. She happens to own quite a few Victorian shoes, but she knows from experience that her mall is a great place to start a collection of virtually anything your heart might desire.
Still, drop in on a first visit and be prepared to be overwhelmed. The Antique World Mall is Idaho's largest, and it's no exaggeration to suggest you might need a map to navigate your way along its many aisles.
To aid newcomers, Allgeyer has hung signs that give each aisle a street name, like "Paris Lane." She also provides clipboards that shoppers can use to jot down the number of any one of hundreds of booths. Just don't ask for a personal shopper.
"You gotta poke," she says. "It isn't like you can just walk in here and say, 'Show me all the something.' We can't hardly do it because people, dealers come in every day with new items."
Ah, the items.
How do you begin describing the variety? In all seriousness, it's impossible, largely because of that old saw about one man's junk being another man's treasure.
Two people can walk by a vintage Frister & Rossman sewing machine and feel two ways about it. Still, it's a beautiful piece, one boasting a glossy gold-and-black finish, with artfully-applied filigree touches befitting a machine made at a time when a sewing machine was just as much a decorative item as a utilitarian one.
Walk a few feet and you might find yourself face-to-face with vintage tobacco tins or hand-crafted western boots or a 60's-era pedal car or maybe a dye cabinet--that's to die for.
Not everything on display is a high-end antique, but that's exactly the way Allgeyer wants it. She's proud of the fact that many of the things for sale can be had for less than five bucks.
"A true antique is 100 years old," she says, pointing to a locked case of fine jewelry. "But there are so many in-between things that people collect and it makes things pretty exciting."
"It's a sickness," admits Susan Fowler. She's one of the original dealers and points out that the antiques business requires a lot more work than the public realizes.
"You have to get out and hustle." That means taking in every auction and estate sale Fowler can squeeze into the time she has away from her booth.
Fowler happens to be a fan of cookie jars and Victoriana, but her displays include a vintage doll-size figure of General Douglas MacArthur. After so many years, she knows her customer base and what sells in Boise.
"It has everything you could possibly want," according to veteran shopper, and doting grandmother, Carol Funderburg.
She's a mall regular, although she admits she still gets lost.
"I have spotted stuff and then forgotten which lane it's on, so I have to go through the store again," she says with a sheepish grin.
And just like grocery managers who put the milk in the back so you'll have to walk past higher-priced items, the dealers here don't fret that, on your long march to the register, you might pick up an extra must-have.
Maybe it's an Asian mask carved from ivory or a vintage wooden table radio or even an authentic Red Ryder air rifle, like the one Ralphie coveted in the classic "A Christmas Story."
At $300, it was a little dear for this reporter, but that's life in the antiques game.
When it comes to this high-stakes brand of finders-keepers, there's only one rule that applies: good things don't always come to those who wait.


text:
Zan'vess is the large island in the southwest of the Dread Wastes, across from the Briny Muck. It is controlled by the mantid, who have used their powers of mind control to enslave a large host of yaungol to do their mining for them. The western side of the island is also home to a giant variety of scorpid, which the mantid seem fond of.
Areas within the island include the Amber Quarry and Whispering Stones.
Inhabitants Edit
Patch changes Edit
- β Patch 5.0.1 (Beta): Added.


text:
Ghent Functional Programming Group/BelHac
From HaskellWiki
m (Fix times)
|Line 22:
|Line 22:
* Sunday, 7th of November: 10am - 6pm
* Sunday, 7th of November: 10am - 6pm
== Getting to Ghent ==
== Getting to Ghent ==
(To be expanded)
(To be expanded)
== Getting to The Therminal ==
== Getting to The Therminal ==
(To be expanded)
(To be expanded)
|Line 37:
|Line 39:
(To be expanded)
(To be expanded)
== Organizers & Contact ==
== Organizers & Contact ==
Revision as of 07:50, 20 July 2010
1 About
The Haskell Hackathon is an international, grassroots collaborative coding festival with a simple focus: build and improve Haskell libraries, tools, and infrastructure.
BelHac will be held in November in "The Therminal" in Ghent, Belgium. It is open to all -- you do not have to be a Haskell guru to attend. All you need is a basic knowledge of Haskell, a willingness to learn, and a project you're excited to help with (or a project of your own to work on).
There will be lots of hacking, good beer, and, of course, fun!
- Mailing list: email@example.com
- IRC channel: #ghentfpg on FreeNode
You can register here.
2 News
- July 20: Registration is now open!
3 When
- Friday, 5th of November: 2pm - 7pm
- Saturday, 6th of November: 10am - 6pm
- Sunday, 7th of November: 10am - 6pm
4 Getting there
4.1 Getting to Ghent
(To be expanded)
4.2 Getting to The Therminal
(To be expanded)
5 Food
(To be expanded)
6 Accomodation
(To be expanded)
7 Sponsors
We're still looking for sponsors to help us provide food, drinks and t-shirts. If you or your company is interested in sponsoring please contact one of the organizers.
8 Organizers & Contact
This GhentFPG organizing committee is behind this Hackaton. You can contact us at
- Jasper Van der Jeugt (irc: jaspervdj, email: email@example.com, phone: +32-476-26-28-27)


text:
Victoria Ferrera is a Porn Star from Ukraine. She was born on December 29, 1990. She is listed on FreeOnes since 2013 and is currently ranked 7055th place. She currently has 39 gallery links and 1 videos in her own FreeOnes section.
Our records show that Victoria Ferrera is currently retired which means she is not making movies, doing live shows and/or doing photo shoots at this time.


text:
Lindenwood University's Dance Program will present its innovative and exciting Dance Alive V at 8 p.m. on April 13, 14 and 15 and at 2 p.m. on April 16 at the Robert F. Hyland Performance Arena on Lindenwood's St. Charles campus (209 S. Kingshighway).
Rodin's massive sculpture, the dramatic "Burghers of Calais," comes to life in the powerful choreography of Stacy West, artistic director of the Mid America Dance Company, professional company in residence at Lindenwood. Jao-Hsun Tsench, a professional dancer from Taiwan and graduate student at Lindenwood, will perform a traditional Chinese folk dance and appear in faculty and student choreography.
Other high points include swing and jazz choreography in the Fosse style, choreographed by ballet instructor Janet Strzelec, and a look at women of the past by Dance Program Director Alice Bloch, set to music by the Klezmatics. Student work includes jazz, hip hop and lyrical work to music as varied as John Coltrane, Michael Jackson and the Color Blind Symphony.
Senior Angela Kosednar is choreographing an introspective work about diaries to original music by Lindenwood alum Stephen Eric Ketzer, and student Leslie K. Pearce's dance pits dueling ballerinas against tap dancers.
The cast of dancers includes: Yilca Arosmena, Pamela Bastain, Desiree Blanc, Lindsey Calvert, Bonnie Campbell, Christy Cook, Heather Cooley, Elizabeth Curtin, Jennifer Derryberry, Debra DiSimone, Tasha Earle, Ileana Forero, Cleven Ficklen, Erin Halbert, Lacesha Halbert, Joey Hamrick, Michele Hasson, Blain Hogan, Brandi Johnson, Angela Kammermeyer, Kristy Kraemer, Dawn Kumbera, Lori Landwehr, Melissa Lanz, Cassidy Patterson, Leslie K. Pearce, Jill Perry, Laura Pierce, Abby Powers, Mani Pruett, Abigail Roussin, Meg Sandau, Julian Smith, Julie Stewart, Christina Thomure, Jao-Hsun Tseng, Emily Turay, Katie Van Dillen, Robert Walker Jr., and Michele Wilkerson.


text:
Vanilla Ice fully admits he used to be king of the douches, but says he knows the secret to saving Justin Bieber from the same fate.
Ice -- aka Rob Van Winkle -- came on TMZ Live to talk about Miley Cyrus saying she warned Justin about being so douchey he'd become a joke, a la Vanilla Ice.
Rob doesn't disagree with her, and even shared the formula he used to turn his life around.
Listen up, Justin ... Prof. Ice is talking.


text:
The following Master In The House Episode 31 Eng Sub has been released. Kshow123 will always be the first to have the episode so please Bookmark us for update.
Watch other episodes of Master In The House Series at Kshow123.
Watch other episodes of Master In The House Series at Kshow123.
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text:
Who Sang Edge of Destruction? Machine Gun Kelly feat. Tech N9ne & Twista
Release Date: 2012-10-9
Genre: Hip Hop
Style: Hip Hop/Gangsta/Crunk/Pop Rap
length: 5:07
[Intro: Tech N9ne]
I'm humble because I know what it feels like to be at the bottom and have nobody
No fans, no nothing, nobody believing in you
Now look at me...
I was down on the ground with nobody
Some in my town said my sound was a hobby
Now that I'm crowned they're astounded and oddly
They try and come around now I'm somebody
[Verse 1: Tech N9ne]
Middle finger in the air with a hope and a prayer, I started this
Never had no money then my daughter hit
That was a get-up-and-hustle-nigga starter kit
Hard to spit, bars to get, at stars when it's, not marketed
You're far from it, dark and your partner quit
Really barking, you wishing for the spark to get heart in your art a bit
But they doubted me cause I'm nothing like them, never knew how to be
Stylistically foul, and he's proud to be wild and he's
Thinking now is time to get the crowd shouting
Now people found him, it's, "Wow, peep his salary"
Way back when I was feeling defeated
When inspiration, motivation was needed
At the pace to be great, I've exceeded
All of your expectations, you fakers can eat it!
This my world, this my game
All the wicked shit is coming out of my brain
This is my girl, music is my dame
If you can get it I'mma keep it P.I., mane
Why not share the pie? Scared that I
Would get the people liking me and wouldn't dare to buy your shit
Try to told ya before that my flow sick
Milli sold on the road with my whole clique
Everybody listen in to witness, Tech's whirlwind
In the club with MGK, thick sex twirling
Fought to the top, never did stop, now we got it, it's "Fuck the world" then
The haters in the past on my ass wanna come around like my ex-girlfriends
[Hook: Machine Gun Kelly]
(Gone) Uhh, for the block I (Go) to that spot I (Go) to the top I (Go)
Screaming "Fuck the world" (Fuck the world)
Screaming "Muthafuck the world"
"Fuck the world" (fuck the world)
Screaming "Muthafuck the world"
And that's real, how I feel 24/7 in a city where the weak men die
Doing whatever we gotta do to survive
Head to the sky, middle finger up high
Scream "Fuck the world" (Fuck the world)
Screaming "Muthafuck the world"
"Fuck the world" (Fuck the world)
Screaming "Muthafuck the world"
[Verse 2: Twista]
I remember thinking I would rather die
Than go through what I was going through when I was struggling to survive
Full of ambition and I'm ready to ride
No tragedy over triumph and I am a Lion I gotta try
Full of drama, I was feeling like a failure
Fiending for the industry again, I was living in disgust
Doing odd jobs, everybody seeing me
Traveling to work, back and forth on the bus
Yeah, I was fucked up
But I got it together for y'all
Spit venomous lyrics cause I was ready to ball
Started Po Pimping on everybody and certain muthafuckers that want to get in my circle I tell them "naw"
Cause I got to get money up in my anatomy, naturally, and I gotta be gradually happy to holla
At somebody when they speak and they might be on that bullshit
So sometimes it's "fuck them", I don't even bother
And who knows what's next for three angels chasing dreams
Hailing from the Midwest, as we spread our wings
All of us striving to surf over the summit
Creating us a vision that would be stunning
When we come to Earth and your city and do a show
You would get to see everybody from miles come running
Yelling for Machine Gun Kelly
And Tech N9ne and Twista get it in better bring something smelly
We could take it to another level, wherever you wanna go, everybody put they hands up I'm ready
Come on and get wild let loose
Celebrate the fact that you made it and let me see you get buck
You done been through some shit
But you did it cause you had the heart to throw the middle finger up
[Verse 3: Machine Gun Kelly]
From the back streets to the packed seats
On the block, running from the cops, like athletes
Urgh, whoever would've imagined lace up could've got me to the finish like track meets?
And when everybody's hot, I'm past heat
And if I don't need the fuel, don't gas me (Yeah)
It's been a long time coming since 100 Words And Running
Muthafucker come catch me
And while these other rappers pen and pad it
I was 13, with a semi-automatic
Anything we ever wanted then you know we gotta have it
Don't nobody ever snitch, get pinched, you forget like magic
Kids carry tools like go-go gadget (Blaah)
Leaving high school to an open casket
Now another baby in the stomach of his baby's mother never gonna know his daddy, tragic
Why's the government gotta lie to get money? (Huh?)
Why's the federal reserve gotta take from me? (Why?)
Why should I be fighting for another country?
Have you seen my city muthafucker? We hungry! (Urghh)
Representing for the middle of the map even though me and mine are coming from the bottom (Waddup)
Why do all greats fall when it isn't autumn?
Where would Pac be at if nobody would've shot him?
You really think that Notorious B.I.G would believe these guys? (Nope)
All these internet thugs that the the media finds?
You wanna talk about grind?
Look at me in the encyclopedia, my name is in it
I bet you see mine, motherfucker that's Kells
Skinny boy, six foot three
Heart bigger than an SUV
Lord knows I been through hell and back
Ducking jail and crack
And still I came out on t-o-p
So this is for the kid who never had a father figure to depend on
Spending every school day being sent home
Feeling like he doesn't know anybody
Because the only thing he ever had to him was some headphones
So he pick a song, and he turn 'em on
Every morning just to get him through the day
Looking for an escape and the kick in the bass
That's the story of MGK
Lace Up!


text:
Altern Egro needed a new button or icon design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 35 designs submitted by 18 freelance designers.
Mac OSX/iOS/Web Developer
The application the icon is for will be used both by professional and amateur film makers to create call sheets, script breakdowns and project schedules.
Please design an elegant Mac OSX Application Icon for a project management application used in film/video production to create call sheets, script breakdowns and project schedules.
I want my application to be a great citizen on the OSX platform so please follow Apple's human interface guidelines for icon design which can be found at http://bit.ly/eh0eus.
The icon would need to be produced at various sizes rather than simply scaled from the master icon.


text:
Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
View product details
Zoom In
Need a second opinion? Ask your personal shopper:
Need a second opinion? Ask your personal shopper:
GET EXPERT ADVICE Need a second opinion? Ask your personal shopper:
- - True to size
- - Cut for a close fit
- - Model is 177cm/ 5'10" and is wearing an IT size 40
Arbiter of urban cool, Rick Owens stamps his singular vision on the essential leather biker jacket with this deconstructed asymmetric design. A textured finish and ribbed wool inserts lend it tactile edge. Slip it on with everything from pencil skirts to skinny jeans to master the label's downtown sophistication.
Shown here with: Eddie Borgo necklace, Pamela Love necklace, Rick Owens top and boots, Rick Owens Lilies top and skirt, Philippe Audibert bracelets, Maison Martin Margiela ring, Alexander Wang bag.
- - Black textured-leather
- - Exaggerated lapels, ribbed wool inserts at long sleeves, front welt pockets, internal slit pockets, fully lined
- - Asymmetric button fastenings through front
- - 90% leather (Lamb), 10% wool; lining: 60% cotton, 40% rayon
- - Specialist clean
Product Code: 183075
Shop more:
For alternative suggestions, contact our Fashion Consultants
Help & Advice
Product Code: 183075


text:
Paul Sperry was born into a Connecticut family with a long sea-faring tradition. He grew up listening to his great-grandfather, Captain Sereno Armstrong, tell of wild adventures in the South Sea islands. Sperry's college years at Dartmouth were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I, when he enlisted as a Seaman in the US Navy.
An avid sailor and inventor, who almost lost his life to a slippery deck, Paul Sperry spent years and dozens of experiments trying to perfect a non-slip boat shoe.
One day, after watching his dog dart effortlessly across the ice, he carved grooves - like those on his dog's paws - into the bottom of a rubber sole. In that moment of inspiration, the world's first boat shoe was born.
Every single member of the Cruising Club of America wrote to Mr. Sperry to request a pair of these remarkable new boat shoes. Nothing else kept sailors safe on deck.
During World War II, the US War Department named Sperry Top-Sider as one of the official shoes of the US Navy.
The Kennedy family is photographed while on vacation, triggering a love affair with the active nautical life and classic American style. Sperry Top-Sider boat shoes and sneakers become established as an integral element of this iconic look.
The Official Preppy Handbook endorses the Sperry Top-Sider Authentic Original as the footwear symbol of classic Prep style, marking a legacy of good taste.
Dennis Conner leads the America's Cup Team that wins back the trophy for the United States in 1987. Sperry Top-Sider is the official shoe of the America's Cup.


text:
Saturday, October 15, 2011
Reason 6 Thor Voice Bug - Workaround
I have developed a workaround to the bug described here that may be suitable for some situations.
It takes the form of a Combinator containing two Thor instances. When the bug is triggered the output from the first Thor is interrupted and this triggers the second Thor to generate a short pulse. This pulse is then used to gate the triggering of the first Thor's Step Sequencer, which has the effect of correctly resetting the Voice and reopening it.
This Combinator can be used to provide a reset pulse to any Thor in your workspace that relies on an open Voice, such as one that is using the Shaper to affect an external sound source (routed into the Thor). This pulse is generated whenever the bug occurs, thereby providing a way to recover from it.
A test-bench for this workaround can be found here (0.0.2). Simply open the file and you'll see the CV Debug combi on the left, and the Reset combi on the right. The top-right Delay device in the CV Debug (labeled "Reset Out") combi shows the state of the pulse. Hit Stop a few times to see the value jump from 1127 to down to 1000 briefly. You can adjust the length of the pulse with the first knob on the combi.
To use this pulse to reset another Thor, simply take this "Reset Out" signal into a CV Input on your Thor and use it as the Scale control (@ 100%) for your "LFO2 -> S.Trig" rule that you are using to retrigger the Step Sequencer. Look at the first Thor in the CV Reset combi for an example of this.
If you find this workaround useful or broken I'd appreciate some feedback please.
8 comments:
There is a small bug in this setup.ReplyDelete
If you double or more times hit stop button with mouse it will not reset properly.
It can reset only once.
Can you fix that ?
Nice catch, thanks. How quickly are you clicking stop to get that problem? I have to click *really* fast to cause it, but you're right, it's a bug. I'll have to think about how to fix it.ReplyDelete
I've got a new version that I can't seem to break with fast-clicking stop - please give it a try:ReplyDelete
The trade-off is that the pulse width has been reduced significantly.
It's not a problem with fast clicking ( that I already solved alone ) but a problem with multiple stops.ReplyDelete
1st stop makes full reset
2nd stop makes half reset
3rd stop makes again full reset
4th or more doesn't work at all !
Just try hitting stop and look at red lights in CV spider.
I just tried new version and it works a bit better.ReplyDelete
Now only second stop doesn't work.
Hmmm, I wonder if we're seeing the same thing. The original bug is such a weird one that I wonder if different speed computers show different results.ReplyDelete
I'm not sure I understand what you mean by multiple stops. I can hit 'stop' any number of times and it seems to work every time, whether I do it slowly or quickly. Are you saying that the second time you click stop it simply doesn't work properly?
This will be difficult to debug if I can't see the same behaviour. I just wish Propellerhead would fix this bug, they've known about it for a while (I reported it before Reason5 came out).
To recreate all what I said you need to set time marker in the middle of time line in sequencer, then hit play m wait a bit and hit stop ( with mouse ) , time marker will stop and reset will work, then hit stop again and time marker will back to previous position and reset will not work. One more stop, and marker will back on beginning, and everything will be fine again.ReplyDelete
Just test it one more time.
I use Reason 6.0.1
You found what I mean ?
Ok, I see what you mean now - I have *no idea* why it does that! I'm not even sure that can be fixed with this sort of workaround. Ideally someone from Propellerhead will read this and look into it. I really hope so anyway because Thor's shaper is almost useless with this bug present :(ReplyDelete


text:
Maybe it is revisionist history on Jose Reyes' part, but last night at the Nets-Knicks game he said he always wanted to stay with the Mets. I remember him saying that initially, but as the season progressed he rarely expressed that sentiment. Maybe he knew he was gone.
I don't know and I don't care anymore about Reyes. He received a $106-million, six-year contract from the Marlins. Good for him. He'll be run down by the end and everybody knows it. Maybe he does, too.
Any way, Reyes is on-board with David Wright coming to play with him in Miami, calling it an honor, but added he should stay in Queens. Not that he should have, but Wright.
"They should sign David (long term)," Reyes told ESPN. "He's been the face of the franchise for a long time. `If they let him go, that's gonna be difficult to see the New York Mets without David Wright. I can't imagine that. You never know in this game what's gonna happen, but I wish all the best to David. He's a good friend of mine."
Mets GM Sandy Alderson said extending Wright's contract is a priority, and sooner rather than later. The Mets have a $16 million option on Wright for 2013. He'll be back next year, but it will be harder to extend him when he's on the open market as he said he doesn't want to negotiate during the season. Reportedly, the Mets already have a $100-million offer on the table.
Reyes said the same thing and held to it, and the Mets never made him an offer. The perception was the team was just waiting for him to go as they had no intention of matching the Marlins in money or years.
Reyes expressed no regrets in leaving the Mets, and the franchise, despite taking considerable heat from the public early on, has no regrets, either. The Mets were pleased with what Ruben Tejada gave them offensively and defensively, and considering Reyes' health issues and their financial concerns, they didn't want to be saddled down with a contract for a player they projected would break down.
Reyes stayed healthy, but underperformed this year considering the contract. It was a disastrous year for the Marlins, who just fired manager Ozzie Guillen. We knew Guillen's future in Miami was in doubt when he opened up politically and was suspended. Despite the boasting Reyes and Hanley Ramirez would get along, apparently Miami never consulted Ramirez about moving to third and their supposed friendship became strained.
Miami is a mess, even worse than the Mets and will even listen to offers for stud pitcher Josh Johnson.


text:
Today's project is a very easy one ... I'm going to show you the process I use to get the stained/aged/vintage/grungy look for hangtags.
I purchase regular manila tags from an office supply store. This package of 100 was less than $5 at Office Depot
I purchase regular manila tags from an office supply store. This package of 100 was less than $5 at Office Depot
Preheat oven to 350 and while that's warming up, remove the strings from the tags. This is just personal preference...they can be left on if you wish.
Next, dunk the tags in a pot of coffee. It doesn't matter if the pot is old, fresh, hot, cold, or decaf. Just dunk 'em in coffee and let them sit in the coffee for 10 minutes or so.
Use a large dish if you plan to do a lot of tags. Here I used a fork to weight them down and keep them in the coffee...
Next, lie the tags flat on a cookie sheet and make sure they do not overlap. Go ahead and get a few cookie sheets going at once.
Put the cookie sheets in the oven for about 12-15 minutes. Watch them closely so they do not burn! The tags will curl up some, and this is OK. I've found they will flatten out pretty good later.
Optional: take the cookie sheet out of the oven about halfway through and, using coffee-dunked fingers, flick them with more coffee for random "aged" spots. Then return to the oven to finish. (For the over-achievers out there, you can put the coffee in a spray bottle and spritz the tags that way.)
Remove from the oven. If you want the tags darker, you can repeat all steps. Or just try experimenting with soaking the tags longer or leaving them in the oven longer to get your tags just right.
To flatten the tags, I stack them neatly and put them in a ziplock bag. I remove as much air as I can from the ziplock bag, and they tend to flatten themselves out. I keep them stored in the ziplock bag until I'm ready to use them.
Now the best part...decorating the tags!
Hope you enjoy this tutorial! Now let's go make some tags...


text:
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What does Papal Interregnum mean?
The Papal Interregnum is an expression derived from Latin which means the period between the reign of one Pope and another. It is the time of the vacancy of the Apostolic See, that is, from the moment a Pope dies to the moment of election of his successor.
What happens when the Pope dies?
The Cardinal who is Camerlengo, or Chamberlain, of the Holy Roman Church, is notified.
In the presence of the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies, the Cleric Prelates of the Apostolic Camera, and the Secretary and the Chancellor of the Apostolic Camera, he officially ascertains that the Pope is dead. The Chancellor draws up the official death certificate, and the Camerlengo seals the Pope's bedroom and study.
He notifies the Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica, and the Cardinal Vicar of the Diocese of Rome, who announces it to the People of Rome.
The Camerlengo takes custody of the Apostolic Palaces of the Vatican, the Lateran Palace and Castel Gondolpho. After the Pope's funeral he seals the entire Papal Apartment, having found quarters for those who had resided there to serve the Pope.
What happens during the Interregnum?
The day of the Pope's death is counted as the first day of the Interregnum or Vacancy. Three phases can be identified.
1) The 9 Day Period of Mourning, or Novendiales. The Pope is laid in state in St. Peter's Basilica, permitting the faithful to pay their respects. Every day each Cardinal celebrates a Memorial Mass. Between the fourth and sixth day of this period a Solemn Funeral is celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, with the other Cardinals. The deceased Pope is then buried, most likely in the crypt of St. Peter's. The mourning period then continues until the nine days are completed.
2) The Conclave preparation period, from Day 10 to the beginning of the Conclave.
3) The Conclave itself, from the time the Cardinals enter the Conclave until the one elected accepts his election.
What is the Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis?
Promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1996 it is the current law of the Church governing the entire period of the vacancy, from the death of the current Pope to the election of a new one. In general, Pope John Paul II's Constitution continues the traditional practices of election, with a few changes, such as the elimination of election by acclamation and by consensus. It spells out in detail the authority of the College of Cardinals, prohibits all but the most ordinary business of the Holy See, and provides for penalties if its norms are broken.
What are the Novendiales?
This is the nine day period of mourning for a deceased Pope. During this time funeral rites are celebrated daily in Rome by the Cardinals, and Masses are offered for the repose of his soul throughout the world. The body of the Pope lies in state in St. Peter's Basilica until between the fourth and the sixth day after his death, unless unusually circumstances require the Cardinals to choose a different date, at which time his funeral is held and he is buried in accordance with his wishes.
What happens to those in Office in the Roman Curia when the Pope dies?
Since supreme teaching, legislating and judicial authority rests with the Pope, all but the most ordinary business of the Holy See comes to a stop. The highest office holders, such as the Cardinals who are Prefects of Congregations and Presidents of Pontifical Councils and Commissions, all lose their offices with the death of the Pope.
There are two exceptions 1) the Cardinal who is Camerlengo or Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, an office which deals primarily with the period of the Papal Interregnum or Vacancy, and 2) the Cardinal who is the Major Penitentiary, and responsible for matters concerning the internal forum of conscience (e.g. absolution from excommunications reserved to the Holy See).
What is the Apostolic Camera?
The Apostolic Camera is the department of the Roman Curia which exists to ensure the continued functioning of the Holy See upon the death of the Pope. It is headed by the Camerlengo, or Chamberlain, of the Holy Roman Church who, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and other officials.
What does the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church do?
The Camerlengo, or Chamberlain, of the Holy Roman Church presides over the Apostolic Camera. It is the Camerlengo who certifies the death of the Pope. During the period of vacancy the Camerlengo and his assistants gather reports from the departments of the Holy See so that the College of Cardinals is able to manage the ordinary affairs of the Church. This is necessary because all department heads lose their offices with the vacancy of the Roman See, except for the Camerlengo and the Major Penitentiary.
Who is the Major Penitentiary?
The Major Penitentiary is in charge of the Apostolic Penitentiary, the dicastery of the Holy See responsible for indulgences, the provision of confessors for the patriarchal basilicas in Rome, and judging questions of conscience, called internal forum, submitted for adjudication to the Holy See. These latter including dispensations and absolution from sanctions, such as excommunication, which are reserved in law to the Holy See (e.g. a priest who breaks the seal of confession). This ordinary work continues during the vacancy of the Roman See, so that souls may continue to benefit. The Major Penitentiary is one of two curial department heads who do not lose their offices with the vacancy of the Holy See. The other is the Camerlengo.
What is a Cardinal?
The ecclesiastical rank of Cardinal dates from the time of Pope Sylvester I, around 315 AD. It was given to the closest advisors of the Pope. With time it came to be reserved to those whom the Pope had given pastoral responsibility for the 7 suburban dioceses of the Roman Province, as well as the Roman churches, and deaconries. Today the Cardinals each possess only a titular office as a bishop, priest or deacon of Rome, but without actual responsibility for the dioceses, parishes and deaconries. The actual offices held by Cardinals today are within the Roman Curia or as archbishop of an important diocese. Cardinals, therefore, are generally bishops, though the Popes may grant exceptions. In recent decades this exception has been granted for theologians the Popes have wished to honor. Under current law, a Cardinal must at least be a priest.
What is the College of Cardinals?
The College of Cardinals is composed of the men whom the Pope has elevated to the dignity of Cardinal, entrusting them with the duty to be his close advisors and collaborators, and to elect his successor. The decisions of the College are made collectively, and ratified by the Pope, unless of course there is no Pope. During such a Papal Interregnum the Cardinals gather in General Congregation to decide by majority vote on the funeral of the Pope, the beginning of the Conclave to elect a new Pope, as well as any ordinary business of the Holy See which cannot wait, in keeping with papal law, currently the Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis.
What is the history of the College of Cardinals?
Close advisors to the Pope were called Cardinals, from the Latin for hinge, since the 4th century. Since 1059 Cardinals have served as the exclusive electors of the Popes, and the College itself was given its current form in 1150. Over the centuries the number of Cardinals was held below 70, a biblically significant number, since there were seventy elders assisting Moses in leading Israel and assisting Jesus in His ministry (Luke 10:1). However, both Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II went beyond this number in order to internationalize the College with bishops from around the world. Today there are up to 120 Electors, and sometimes more, and as many Cardinals as 170, a number which include those who have reached the age of eligibility to vote, 80 years.
What is the Dean of the College of Cardinals?
The Dean of the College of Cardinals is a Cardinal Bishop who is elected by his fellow Cardinal Bishops and confirmed in office by the Pope. Although he presides over the consistories and congregations of the College, he has no authority over other Cardinals. The decisions of the College are entirely collegial (collective). The Dean of the College convokes the Cardinals when the Pope dies and presides over their Congregations and the Conclave. He is the one who asks the electee to accept election as Pope.
What is a Cardinal Bishop?
Cardinals who hold the more important offices in the Roman Curia or who, being Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches, have been granted equivalent dignity in law since Pope Paul VI, are called Cardinal Bishops. The smallest of the three ranks of Cardinals it traces its history to the role played in the early Church by the bishops of 7 dioceses surrounding Rome, called the suburcarian (suburban) Sees of Rome. Cardinal Bishops are said to hold the title, as opposed to the actual office, of those 7 Sees. The Cardinal Dean holds two titles, Ostia and the one he holds at the time of his promotion to Dean. Thus, there are only such six Cardinal Bishops at a time, plus however many Eastern Patriarchs there are.
What is a Cardinal Priest?
Cardinals Priests are those Cardinals who hold the middle, and by far the most numerous, rank of the College of Cardinals. They include officials of the Roman Curia, as well as Archbishops of major dioceses from around the world. Cardinal Priests hold title to a particular church of the Roman See, a dim historical reflection of the very early practice of the clergy of Rome participating in the election of the Pope. Within the rank of Cardinal Priest cardinals hold seniority based on date of appointment, and may even advance by promotion by the Pope to the higher grade of Cardinal Bishop.
What is a Cardinal Deacon?
Cardinals Deacons hold the lowest of the ranks of Cardinals. There ranks include officials of the Roman Curia, and theologians honored by the Pope for their contribution to the Church. In the early centuries there were 7 deacons who administered seven districts of the Roman diocese, as well as 7 deacons who assisted in the papal household. Although the rank of Cardinal Deacon numbers more than 14 today, they hold title as if assigned to a church in one of three deaconries of Rome. Cardinal Deacons may advance by promotion by the Pope to the higher ranks of the College of Cardinals.
What is a Congregation?
The gathering of the Cardinals to advise the Pope, or assist him in his duties, is called a Congregation. Also, the major departments of the Roman Curia are called Congregations because they are made up of a number of voting Cardinals headed by a Cardinal Prefect. During the vacancy of the Apostolic See, from the time of the death of the Pope until the beginning of the election of his successor, the decisions regarding the ordinary affairs of the Holy See, as well as the funeral, burial and election of the Pope, are decided by such gatherings of the Cardinals.
What is a General Congregation?
General Congregations are meetings of all the Cardinals who are not legitimately impeded from attending by sickness or other lawful reasons. They decide the more significant matters related to the Papal Interregnum. The scope of their authority is entirely governed by the Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, which permits absolutely no innovations in the functioning of the Holy See while there is no Pope. The General Congregation, however, can decide disputed points of interpretation of the law.
What is a Particular Congregation?
Particular Congregations are composed of the Camerlengo (Chamberlain) of the Holy Roman Church, and 3 other Cardinals, called Assistants, chosen by lot from each of the three ranks of Cardinals. These Particular Congregations handle the ordinary business of the Roman Church, referring anything significant to the General Congregation. New Assistants are elected by lot after they have served for three days.
What is the Conclave?
Conclave is the unique name given to the gathering of the Cardinals to elect a Pope. The Cardinal Electors, as they are known, along with certain assistants, are sequestered away from any contact with the outside world, in living quarters inside Vatican City. The secrecy of the Conclave is absolute, even from other Cardinals not themselves Electors. Only a Pope can grant the faculty of discussing the Conclave with anyone not present.
Who can be a Cardinal Elector?
The Cardinal Electors are those Cardinals who are under the age of 80 on the day on which the Pope dies. All such Cardinals, even if their selection as Cardinal has only been announced, are obliged to participate in the Conclave as Electors. The exceptions are those who are legitimately prevented by illness or other circumstances, those who have been canonically deposed by the Pope, or from whom the Pope has accepted the renunciation of the cardinalate.
When may the Conclave begin?
From the time of the vacancy of the Apostolic See until the beginning of the Conclave, no less than 15 full days, and no more than 20, may elapse. This means that the Conclave may begin no earlier than the 16th Day of the Interregnum, nor start later than the 21st Day.
May a Cardinal enter the Conclave after it has started?
Cardinal Electors who have been legitimately delayed, or who leave for a reason recognized in law, may enter, or re-enter, the Conclave while it is in progress. The judgment regarding whether the reason is legitimate rests with the majority of the Cardinal Electors who are present.
Who remains within the sealed area of the Vatican?
In addition to the Electors, the following are sequestered within the Conclave area: the Secretary of the College of Cardinals, who acts as Secretary for the electoral assembly, the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies, two Masters of Ceremonies, two Religious from the Papal Sacristy, and an ecclesiastic to assist the Cardinal Dean.
Also, several priests must be available to hear confessions in different languages, two doctors, kitchen and housekeeping staff, and any nurses who may be needed to assist ailing Cardinals. These individuals must be previously approved by the Camerlengo and his three Assistants, and all must take an oath not to discuss what they may hear with anyone.
Where do those who vote or assist in the Conclave live?
The Cardinal Electors live in the Domus Sanctae Marthae, the St. Martha's Residence, within Vatican City. They are transported to the Sistine Chapel of the Apostolic Palace for the voting sessions. All other individuals are lodged in appropriate quarters within Vatican City.
What ceremonies attend the beginning of the Conclave?
As a rule, on the morning of the first day of the Conclave the Cardinal Electors gather in St. Peter's Basilica, or another place as may be determined, to celebrate a Votive Mass for the Election of the Pope.
In the afternoon they gather in the Pauline Chapel of the Apostolic Palace. Invoking the assistance of the Holy Spirit with the Veni Creator Spiritu, they process to the Sistine Chapel. There they take a solemn oath to observe the prescriptions of the law governing the election, to observe the secrecy obliged, to not assist any secular power which may try to influence the election, and if elected to faithfully carry out the Petrine Office, and to protect the spiritual and temporal rights of the Holy See.
After the last Cardinal Elector has taken the oath, the Master of Papal Liturgical ceremonies gives the order Extra omnes, commanding everyone not authorized to remain to leave the Chapel. Besides the Electors, only the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies and the ecclesiastic chosen to give a meditation to the Cardinals on the seriousness of their duties, remains. When the meditation has been concluded, both of these men depart the Sistine Chapel.
After the Cardinals recite prayers provided in the proper Ordo for the Conclave, the Cardinal Dean inquiries if any Electors have questions concerning the norms and procedures. Once these are clarified, if a majority of the Cardinals agree the election can begin.
Who remains in the Conclave during the election?
Only the Cardinal Electors may remain in the Sistine Chapel during the actual voting, which by law is from after the ballots have been distributed until after they have been tabulated and checked. Outside of the time of actual voting, the Secretary of the College, the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies and the 2 Masters of Ceremonies are present to assist the Conclave.
How many ballots are there each day in the Conclave?
On the first day of the Conclave, that on which the opening rites are carried out, only one ballot is permitted. On the other days of the Conclave, two ballots are permitted in the morning session and two are permitted in the afternoon session.
What is the Election Procedure?
There are three phases to the election process.
1) Pre-Scrutiny, during which ballots are prepared and distributed, and, 9 Electors are chosen by lot to serve as 3 Scrutineers, 3 Infirmarii and 3 Revisers.
2) Scrutiny, during which the ballots are ceremoniously placed in a receptacle on a table in front of the altar and beneath Michelangelo's Last Judgment, then are mixed and counted.
3) Post-Scrutiny, during which the ballots are counted, checked and burned.
Who are the Scrutineers?
The Scrutineers are three Cardinal Electors chosen by lot to gather and count the ballots. They stand at the altar as the Electors come up individually to deposit their votes. One of them also collects the votes of those present who are not physically able to come up to the altar. Afterwards, sitting at a table in front of the altar they tabulate the ballots to determine if an election has occurred.
Who are the Infirmarii?
The Infirmarii are three Cardinal Electros chosen by lot to take ballots to Electors who although within the enclosure of the Conclave are too sick to be present in the Sistine Chapel. They take with them a locked box which, having been shown to the other Electors to be empty, receives the votes of the infirm. They return it unopened to the Scrutineers.
Who are the Revisers?
The Revisers are 3 Cardinal Electros chosen by lot to check the ballot count and the notes of the Scrutineers to determine if the tabulation of the ballots was carried out exactly and faithfully.
How is the vote counted?
After all ballots are in, including those brought from the sick by the Infirmarii, the 1st Scrutineer shakes the receptacle several times to mix the ballots. Then the 3rd Scrutineer counts them, placing them in a second, empty, receptacle. If the number of ballots does not equal the number of electors, they are burned, and a second vote taken immediately. Otherwise, the Scrutineers proceed to tabulate the vote.
Sitting at a table in front of the altar, the 1st Scrutineer silently reads the name on a ballot, passes it to the 2nd Scrutineer who does likewise, and then passes it to the 3rd Scrutineer, who reads the name aloud and then writes it down. Each Elector also writes it down on a sheet provided for this purpose. The ballot is then pierced with a needle and placed on a thread for security.
When all ballots have been read the Scrutineers tabulate the vote by individuals receiving votes. They do this on a separate sheet of paper from that on which they were first listed. The Revisers then verify the results. If two-thirds of the votes have been cast for the same person an election has occurred. In which case, the Scrutineers, with the assistance of the Secretary of the Conclave and the Masters of Ceremony, who are re-admitted to the Conclave at this point, proceed to burn the ballots. However, if no election occurred and it was the first ballot of the session they proceed to vote again. After the second ballot the ballots of both sessions are burned, whether an election occurred or not.
What happens when an election occurs?
After the junior Cardinal Deacon has re-admitted the Secretary of the College and the Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies, the Cardinal Dean, or, the Cardinal who is first in order and seniority, goes to the one elected and asks,
Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff?
With consent he becomes Bishop of Rome and Pope. The Cardinal Dean then asks,
By what name do you wish to be called?
The Master of Papal Liturgical Ceremonies, with the witness of the two Masters of Ceremonies (who are now summoned), draw up a document certifying the consent of the one elected and the name he has chosen.
Following certain formalities prescribed in the ritual for the Conclave, each Cardinal comes forward in turn and makes an act of homage and obedience to the new Pope. An act of thanksgiving is then made.
Following the vesting of the Pope the senior Cardinal Deacon announces from the loggia of St. Peter's to those gathered in the Square that we have a Pope (Habemus papam) and what name he has taken. The newly elected Pope then comes out to address and bless the City and the World (Urbi et Orbi).
Can someone not in the Conclave be elected Pope?
Yes, a Cardinal who is not an Elector, a bishop who is not a Cardinal, a priest, or theoretically a layman, could be elected Pope. If he is not present in the Vatican the ritual for the Conclave specifics a procedure for obtaining his consent. If he is not a bishop he would have to be ordained one before he would become Pope.
When is the Conclave over?
The Conclave is concluded when the new Pope assents to his election, unless he determines to keep it in session longer for some reason.
What does Black or White Smoke signify?
If any ballot produces an election those ballots are burned in a stove set up in the Sistine Chapel together with a chemical which produces a white smoke. This signals to Rome and the World that a Pope has been elected. If, however, the first vote of a session does not produce an election they proceed to a second vote. If that, too, fails to elect a Pope, the ballots of both votes are burned with wet straw, producing black smoke.
What is the Sistine Chapel?
The Sistine Chapel is a chapel of the Apostolic Palace of the Vatican built for Pope Sixtus IV, after whom it was named. In 1508 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo Buonarroti to decorate its vault, a task he completed in 1512. Between 1536 and 1541, Michelangelo painted the Last Judgment on the altar wall for Pope Paul III. It is in this Chapel, before the imposing painting of the Last Judgment, that the Cardinal Electors gather to choose a Pope. It is also here where the newly deceased Pope is viewed by the members of the Papal Household and the College of Cardinals, before being taken to lay in state in St. Peter's Basilica for public visitation.
Who is the Pope?
Pope means father. In ancient Greek it was a child's term of affection (papa), but was borrowed by Latin as a title of honor. Both Greek-speaking Eastern, and Latin-speaking Western, Christians applied it to priests, bishops and patriarchs in the early Church. Even today, the faithful of the Orthodox Churches of Greece, Russia and Serbia call their parish priest pope. Gradually, however, Latin usage became restricted. At the beginning of the 3rd century, papa was a term of respect for churchmen in high positions; by the 5th century, it was applied particularly to the Bishop of Rome; and since the 8th century, as far the West is concerned, the title has been exclusively his.
Does the Pope have other titles?
First and foremost he is the Bishop of Rome. From this office derives all the other offices and titles he holds. As the Roman bishop he is the Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province. He is the Primate (First Bishop) of Italy. He is the Patriarch of the West, that is, of the Western or Latin Church. As Successor of Peter, he is the Vicar of Jesus Christ, the Supreme Pontiff, and Pastor of the Universal Church. He is also known as the Servant of the Servants of God. As spiritual father to all Christians he is called Pope or papa, and Holy Father and Holiness, not because he is holy but because the things of Christ which he administers are holy. In worldly matters, he is the Sovereign of the Vatican City State. All of these offices belong to the man elected Bishop of Rome.
What does the title Supreme Pontiff mean?
A Pontiff, from the Latin pontifex or bridge builder, was the title given in ancient Rome to priests, the mediators between the gods and men. In Christian teaching Christ is the one mediator between God and man. He alone is necessary, since He alone is the God-Man who reconciles mankind to the Father. However, He places human beings in roles of secondary mediation in order to effect His plan of salvation throughout human history. Applied to the Bishop of Rome, Pontiff points to the High Priesthood of Jesus Christ which he exercises as a bishop. As Pope he is said to be the Supreme Pontiff because he is the pastor not only of his own diocese, but of the universal Church, and thus his authority is supreme over the pontiffs, the bishops of the Church.
What are the Keys of the Kingdom?
In the ancient world the keys were associated with the royal office of the Vizier, what we might today call both prime minister and treasurer. He literally carried the keys of the king attached to his belt. Thus, when Jesus said that He would give Peter the Keys of the Kingdom, which would "open and no one could close, and close and no one could open," this image would have been readily understood. In Scripture only the Messiah and Peter are spoken of as having such authority. Peter is Christ's Vicar, who with his successors in every age represents Christ, and opens and closes the treasury of heaven in His name.
What is the Papal Tiara?
The Papal Tiara is a tri-layered crown symbolizing the threefold authority of the Pope. The top crown represents universal pastoral authority, the middle crown universal jurisdiction in the Church, and the bottom crown, temporal authority. Of this last, only the Vatican City State remains from the papal states of the medieval era.
The triple tiara can also be understood to have a purely spiritual interpretation, Christ's three-fold office of Priest, Prophet and King. The Lord communicated these offices to the Apostles, and in a particular way to Peter, so that they could sanctify, teach and govern in His name and by His authority.
While the tiara remains a symbol of the papacy, appearing in the papal crest, the actual crown has not been worn since Pope Paul VI, who set aside many of the imperial trappings of the papacy.
Who is the Vicar of Christ?
The papal title Vicar of Christ is closely associated with Our Lord's titles Son of David and King of Israel. It was foretold to David that a descendant of his would reign on his throne forever. This King is Jesus Christ, who reigns in an eternal spiritual Kingdom. Every King has a prime minister, a vizier or vicar, who carries out his will and who speaks in his name. Although the Kingdom of God has no material treasures to guard and dispense, it has spiritual treasures: the faith, the sacraments, the unity of the Church. These were committed to Peter by Our Lord under the symbol of the keys, a treasury and responsibility which is passed to those who follow Peter in his office as Vicar of Christ.
What is Papal Primacy?
Papal Primacy refers to the supreme, immediate and ordinary authority of the Pope over everyone in the Church. Although the doctrine was only defined by the First Vatican Council in 1870, this primacy of jurisdiction has been exercised by St. Peter and the Bishops of Rome from the beginning of the Church. This can be seen in the norms announced by the Apostle at the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15, in the letter of his successor, Pope Clement, to Corinth from about 85 AD, in the dictum of St. Cyprian of Carthage "Rome has spoke, the case is closed," and other examples from the early Church in which the Bishop of Rome acts as the highest authority in the universal Church.
What is the Petrine Charism?
The Petrine Charism refers to the unique grace, or charism, which the Lord promised to St. Peter to assist him in his role as the Chief among the Apostles. In Mt 16:18, the Lord stated that hell would not prevail against the Church He would establish upon Peter. In Luke 22:31-32, Jesus says how He will bring it about that Peter will prevail over the Enemy – He will pray and obtain the grace for Peter to be unwavering in matters of Faith. This charism enables Peter to confirm his fellow apostles in the Faith, and through them us. Without a secure doctrine of the Faith the Church rests on shifting sands. With it, it is secure like a house built upon a Rock.
What is Papal Infallibility?
The charism of infallibility is the means by which Christ guarantees the unity of faith. Christ committed this task to Peter, when He gave him the responsibility to confirm the brethren in the faith (Lk. 22:31-32). Thus the Pope is preserved from error by the grace of Christ in his handing on of the apostolic faith and especially when he intends to define or clarify its meaning for the good of the Church. This charism of infallibility does NOT mean that he is personally sinless or always prudent in his moral judgments. The First Vatican Council solemnly defined Papal Infallibility in 1870.
What is the Magisterium?
Those to whom Our Lord committed his prophetic office are said to have a Magisterium, from the Latin word for teacher, Magister. This office was given to the apostles, who committed it to their successors, the bishops. Each bishop is the Magister for his own diocese. The entire body of the bishops, acting in union with the Pope, are official Teachers to the whole Church; that is, they have a Universal Magisterium.
Peter, however, was given the charism to teach even his fellow apostles. Thus, the Papal Magisterium is itself a Universal Magisterium. Furthermore, only the Successor of Peter has a personal charism of infallibility which protects him from error in teaching and defining the faith. The same is true of the Magisterium of the College of Bishops collectively, as in an Ecumenical Council.
What is a Papal Encyclical?
An Encyclical is perhaps the most familiar category of papal document. The name indicates a circular letter, after the pattern of the Catholic epistles of the New Testament. It expresses the mind of the Pope on matters of faith or morals. Although Encyclicals may contain fresh insights, they do not typically express new doctrine, but re-state for the entire Church, or a particular people, the Church's constant teaching. Although an Apostolic Constitution is a higher category of document, it is used primarily for juridical acts, such as promulgating laws or establishing dioceses, and for Solemn Magisterial Teaching, such as a dogmatic definition. Thus, Encyclicals are the highest ordinary form of papal teaching document. Lower forms include Apostolic Letters, Exhortations, Homilies, Audiences, Discourses and Messages.
What is the Holy See or Apostolic See?
A See is a seat of authority, from the Latin sede. Jesus said the Pharisees sat on the chair of Moses (Mt. 23:2f). Judges sit on a bench, representing the authority of the state. Professors hold chairs of academic authority. And in the Church bishops possess chairs of spiritual authority. Thus, a diocese is called a See. The Roman diocese has been called the Apostolic See from ancient times. It is the seat of authority of the chief Apostle Peter and where the Apostles Peter and Paul were martyred. It is the Holy See, since its bishop has Christ's authority over holy things. These expressions apply not only to the Pope, but also to those who assist him in governing the universal Church. [Code of Canon Law c. 361]
What is Vatican City State?
The Vatican City State is the world's smallest sovereign state and where the Pope resides. It has its own diplomatic corps, passport, laws, police, stamps, money and head of state, the Pope. The Vatican Concordat with Italy in 1928 established the City State, restoring the political autonomy of the Pope which he had enjoyed for centuries as sovereign of the Papal States. These States, which occupied a large region of central Italy, protected the Church from secular leaders who sought to manipulate her for their own purposes. They were lost to the Church when the forces of Italian unification entered Rome in 1870, causing Pope Pius IX to retreat to the Vatican. The Vatican Concordat settled the unresolved issue of the Pope's temporal authority, by securing for him sovereignty over the Vatican, and certain other properties in and around Rome.
Where does the Vatican get its name?
The Vaticanus is small hill across the Tiber River from the center of Rome. In the first century it contained a palace and circus, belonging to the Emperor Nero. It was in Nero's Circus (an oblong racetrack) that St. Peter was martyred, crucified upside-down. He was buried in a near-by garden containing other graves. A shrine indicating Peter's presence was erected over the grave around 150 AD, and Peter's bones hidden in a wall to protect them from desecration. After the Edict of Milan in 311, the Emperor Constantine gave this imperial property to Pope Sylvester. The first, or Constantinian, Basilica was built on the site. In the 16th century this Basilica was torn down and the current one erected. Excavations under the main altar since the 1940s have revealed the pagan graveyard, the shrine over Peter's grave, as well as discovered the bones of St. Peter, along with the ancient graffiti Petrus ibi est (Peter is here).
What is the Roman Curia?
Curia is a Latin term for a ruling body and its place of assembly. In ancient Rome the Senate met in the Curia, which can still be seen among the ruins of the Roman Forum. Within the Church the term is used for those who assist a bishop in the governance of his diocese. Thus, with respect to the Bishop of Rome, it applies to the members of the various Roman Congregations, Tribunals, Councils, Offices, Commissions and Committees who assist the Pope in the governance of the universal Church. The current authority, structure, responsibilities and operation of the Roma Curia is established in Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus of 1998, which continued the process of renewal of these institutions begun by Pope Paul VI. [see Code of Canon Law cc. 360-361]
What is a Dicastery?
A Dicastery, from the Latin word dicasterium, is an office or department of the Roman Curia. The mission of the Roman dicasteries is to assist the Supreme Pontiff in his role as the principle of unity in the Church. Among the dicasteries are the Secretariat of State, the Congregations, such as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Tribunals, such as the Apostolic Signature, the Councils, such as the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, and the Offices, such as the Apostolic Camera (which administers the goods of the Holy See during a vacancy). Each dicastery is headed by a Cardinal, entitled Prefect or President, or presided over by an Archbishop. In addition they are composed of a body of cardinals (who meet periodically for the more important business), bishops, and other officials, consultors and employees, both clergy and laity.


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Spring has arrived after one of the longest winters that I can remember. It is joyous to be able to walk along the lane and around our field and find so many herbs that one can pick and eat just as our forefathers did.
Here's fine rosemary, sage and thyme. Come, buy my Ground Ivy. Here's featherfew, gilly flowers and rue. Come buy my knotted marjoram , too! Roxburghe Ballads ( 1740-1804)
In mediaeval times Ground Ivy was used to treat fevers and coughs . Today the leaves are great with mushrooms or for making a lovely spring tisane.
Primrose was the first herb to appear this year in the garden.
As the weather had been so cold and grey it was wonderful to see these cheerful flowers. The young leaves can be eaten as a salad or boiled as a pot herb. Traditionally the flowers were ground with rice, almonds, honey and saffron to form a 'Primrose pottage'.
When I was a child Cowslips were picked to make a wine. Nowadays, due to the fact that this herb has become rare in the wild, this is no longer possible. Medicinally they were traditionally used as a sedative.
Nettles on the other hand are profuse in my garden, so here is a delicious recipe,
Nettle soup 1 large onion, peeled and finely chopped 1 clove of garlic, 2 potatoes, peeled and sliced. 2 large handfuls ( do wear gloves) of young nettle heads. 1 Litre of vegetable or chicken stock. Olive oil, salt and pepper, Cream can be added prior to serving if you wish, but it is perfectly good without.
In a large saucepan add a little olive oil, the chopped onion, garlic and potatoes and gently fry for 3-4 minutes. Wash and trim the nettles, add to the pan, add the stock. Bring to the boil, cover, reduce the heat, simmer until the potatoes are cooked. Liquidise and add the seasoning. Serve with a dash of cream if desired .
Wild Garlic is also in profusion. Normally it would be in full flower if not going over by now, this year it is still in the green.
The leaves are great wilted in butter and served with mash potato or added to soups or stews for flavouring.
All photographs are © Jekka McVicar 2013