text:
Suzanne Bloch, Lutenist and master of other early music
and keyboard instruments, recreates music dating back to
the 13th century.
Miss Bloch brings performances
on lute, early musical instruments
A variety of entertainment at Saturday night's junior-class
sponsored talent show included duets by Bruce Swan-son
(R) and Debra Ouverson, with Jim Carlson (L) accompanying
on guitar. "It's a Mad, Mad World" was the theme of the event.
Volume XLIII—No. 21
Bethel College, St. Paul, Minn. Thursday, March 13, 1969
Team reevaluates Bethel's facilities
Faculty adopts 1969-70 calendar,
considers "S-I-S" interim program
A new academic calendar for
the 1969-70 college year, allowing
for first semester to end before
Christmas and second semester
to begin Feb. 2 and conclude May
30, was adopted by the faculty
last week.
Faculty members also gave Dr.
Virgil Olson, dean of the college,
a "vote of encouragement" for
further investigation into a propos-ed
interim experiment session for
the three-week period of Jan. 7-
Dean Olson presented a basic
outline of what he proposed as
a "S-I-S" (semester-interim-semes-ter)
program which actually
would be similar to 4-1-4 calendars
of many other colleges in the area.
Some varied suggestions for the
interim period included: student
and department-organized projects;
work-study programs in areas such
by Marjorie Rusche
"The most important thing in ed-ucation
is communication which
leads to understanding, apprecia-tion
and tolerance. The President
of a college really has a problem in
this respect since he's the last
guy on campus to find out what's
going on."
Thus said Dr. Clark Elkins, Pres-ident
of Northeastern Missouri
State College, one of four North
Central Examiners and Consultants
who visited campus this week in
a decennial review of Bethel's edu-cation
Dr. Elkins, Dr. Horst Frenz, Eng-lish
professor at Indiana Univer-sity
and chairman of the accredi-dating
committee; Dr. L. S. Satter,
Vice-President of Knox College,
and Father John L. McKenzie, the-ology
professor at Notre Dame,
visited with administration mem-bers,
department heads, as many
faculty members as possible and
the Board of Education.
They toured the Arden Hills
campus, checked out the library
and other campus facilities, and
generally did an extensive study of
as social work, education and bus-iness;
travel abroad or in the Unit-ed
States; independent studies;
and selected student-faculty inten-sive
study of curriculum for 1970-
71 and adjustment of community
life for the new campus.
Further consideration will be giv-en
to specific planning—whether
or not credits will be given (possi-bly
a pass-fail basis will be used),
and whether it will be optional or
required for all students to par-ticipate
in some interim activity.
Development of curriculum for
the interim will also have to be
explored, since it must be reviewed
by the educational policy commit-tee
by mid-April of this year.
Principal dates in the new 1969-
70 calendar are as follows:
conditions at Bethel College.
As an example of just how thor-ough
they were, one member of
the team checked through card
files of the library and remarked
to a professor in the Department
of History and Political Science
that very few books dealing with
Vietnam had been checked out
A few students had the opportu-nity
to meet with the accreditation
team Monday at lunch. These stu-dents
included Kathy Anderson,
Lynn Bergfalk, Jim Carlson, Mir-iam
Kling, Chuck Myrbo, Karen
Nelson, Dave Pound, Sally Robert-son,
and Greg Taylor. The accredi-tation
board was pleased with the
"frank and honest answers they
received from the group."
President Elkins noted that the
accreditation board was "interest-ed
in the quality of student body,
faculty, academic program, size of
classes, student participation in
classes, course offerings, qualifica-tions
of faculty to teach the course
they're teaching, admissions stan-dards,
funding, and everything con-nected
with the college."
September 2, Tuesday, 10 a.m. Res-idence
Halls Open
3-6 Registration Days
8 Classes begin
October 24, 25 Homecoming
29 Mid-semester reports due
November 26, 5 p.m. Thanksgiving
recess begins
December 5-7 Festival of Christmas
11, 12 Study days
13-19 Final Examinations
January 7-28 Special Interim Pro-
SECOND SEMESTER gram
January 30 Registration for new
February 2 Classes begin
16-20 Founders Week
March 25 Mid-semester reports
March 26, 5 p.m. Easter Recess be-gins
April 6 Classes resume
May 20 Honors Convocation
21,22 Study Days
23-29 Final Examinations
31 Baccalaureate and Commence-ment
Dr. Frenz, chairman of the dele-gation,
noted that there was a very
homegeneous group of students
at Bethel, as opposed to the het-ergeneous
group at Indiana Uni-versity.
The whole group discussed their
findings with Dr. Lundquist and Dr.
Virgil Olson before they left to
"correct any false impressions we
may have received during our stay
here." They will then submit a
confidential report that is both
descriptive and prescriptive to the
North Central Accrediting agency.
The report will also be submitted
to the President of the College,
who then does with it what he
Due to the confidential nature of
their mission, the group couldn't
release any information concern-ing
their impressions of Bethel.
In connection with broader edu-cational
issues, President Elkins
felt that student unrest on cam-puses
is due to the poor quality of
instruction the students sometimes
receive. He stated "it is the quality
of the faculty, educational pro-gram,
and library that really make
a school."
A notification "sixty days prior
to marriage" was stipulated by
faculty members last week before
they unanimously approved t h e
Student Personnel Committee's
proposal to revise Bethel's mar-riage
In the 1969-70 catalog, the re-vised
rule will read: "Any student
marrying during the school year
must write his plans to the Student
Services Office 60 days prior to
marriage to clear past and future
housing arrangements, scholarship
eligibility, and any other appropri-ate
The committee's proposed re-vision
was as stated above, except
it had indicated no time limit.
Its main purpose was to eliminate
A musician known as "one of the
world's foremost authorities on mu-sic
dating back to the 13th century"
performed at convocation this
morning and will be featured at
an 8 p.m. concert tonight. Miss
Suzanne Bloch, who is continually
on tour of the U.S. and Canada,
accompanies herself on the lute
and gives performances on various
other early musical instruments.
For many years Miss Bloch, who
has trained lutenists in the East,
was the principal concert perform-er
on the American continent at
this instrument. She is also ac-complished
on the early keyboard
instrument, the virginals, and has
mastered the art of playing the
recorder. For accompaniment on
the lute, Miss Bloch has adapted
a charming voice with which she
performs the literature of the lute
songs which were once prominent
in musical culture.
As the daughter of the late com-poser,
Ernest Bloch, Suzanne's
the penalty of the existing anti-quated
regulation requiring that
students marrying during t h e
school year "withdraw from school
at the time of marriage and not
be eligible for re-enrollment for
at least a semester."
The faculty felt a two-month no-tification
would discourage hasty
marriage plans and still allow time
enough for counseling and to make
necessary changes in school rec-ords.
Dr. Alfred Glenn, chairman of
the committee initiating the re-vision,
said the amended revision
will now go back to the committee
and then to the Student Senate
for final student approval.
training began as a pianist. With
this musical experience in hand,
she turned in her early teens to
various early keyboard instru-ments.
At 19, she won first prize
in a Paris contest for women com-posers
and in recent years she has
had orchestral performances in
New York by Leonard Bernstein
and Leon Barzin.
While studying composition a-broad
as a young musician, Miss
Bloch became interested in the mu-sical
repertoire of earlier centuries
and turned to the study of lute
tablature. From there she became
determined to acquire a lute and
the lute technique, later expanding
her interest to earlier music and
keyboard instruments of the med-ieval
and renaissance periods. She
is continuing to research in the
field of early music and to recreate
music which might otherwise be
Besides her performance on the
concert stage and appearance at
Shakespeare festivals, Miss Bloch
has recorded two albums, Music in
Shakespeare's Time" and "The
Art of Suzanne Bloch."
The all-school election, for
executive officers and senate
seats, will be held March 27-28,
12:00 noon-4:00 p.m. Declara-tions
of candidacy are available,
and will be due at 4:30 q.m. on
Petitions will then be distri-buted
through the P.O.'s, and
will be due at 4:30 p.m. Wednes-day.
A primary election, if one is
necessary, will be held Friday,
March 21, from noon until
4:00 p.m.
Proposed stipend for the new
Student Association president is
full tuition ($1,300).
Students with questions
should contact P.O. 778.
Marriage rule revision gains
unanimous faculty approval
To the Editor:
Next Monday will be March 17,
St. Patrick's day. For those of you
who are not fortunate enough to
be of Irish descent, I thought it
might be of interest to you to find
out some information on the patron
of the Irish people.
Patrick was a merchant's son
born in Scotland about 389 AD. His
the CLARION
Published weekly during the academic
year, except during vacation and exami-nation
periods, by the students of Bethel
college, St. Paul, Minn. 55101. Sub-scription
rate $4 per year.
Editor-in-chief Margie Whaley
Associate Editor Chuck Myrbo
News Editor Marjorie Rusche
Layout Editor Sue Bonstrom
Sports Editor Wally Borner
Business Manager Bill Goodwin
Circulation Manager Pat Faxon
Proof Readers Karen Rodberg
Mary Jo Healy
Photographer Ray Smith
Advisor Jon Fagerson
Opinions expressed in the CLARION do not
necessarily reflect the position of the college
or seminary.
Page 2 the CLARION Thursday, March 13, 1969
Referendum to test student opinion
Disciplinary committee
needs clearer guidelines
A student-Faculty committee has been created to make
decisions in discipline cases. The Student Services Office will
bring those cases to the committee. The creation of the Com-mittee,
it seems, was an effort to improve both counseling
and discipline at Bethel, but it will not help the counseling
situation at all, and futher steps will have to be taken if
the committee is to make disciplinary procedure more fair.
Since the Student Services Office will no longer make
disciplinary decisions, the deans will be free to counsel.
That makes sense, but then it doesn't. The biggest reason
for separating discipline and counseling is that no one con-fesses
to a juage—but no one confesses to a prosecuting attor-ney
either, and this is the role that the Student Services
Office will play.
The committee is more likely to improve disciplinary pro-cedure.
Its creation was primarily an effort to bring our pro-cedures
into line with the "Joint Statement on the lights and
Freedoms of Students," prepared by a drafting committee of
representatives of several organizations, among them the A-merican
Association of University Professors and the National
Student Association.
That statement recommends a student-faculty hearing com-mittee
and makes further recommendations about the pro-cedure
of that committee—measures to ensure that due pro-cess
is not violated. Bethel's committee, if it follows those
recommendations, should take much of the arbitrariness out
of disciplinary actions.
But the statement makes several recommendations which
must be acted on and which the newly formed committee has
no power to act upon. The most important of them concerns
regulations obout behavior expected of students.
"Offenses should be as clearly outlined as possible and
interpreted in a manner consistent with the aformentioned
principles of relevancy and reasonableness. Disciplinary pro-ceedings
should be instituted only for violations of standards
of conduct formulated with significant participation and pub-lished
in advance through such means as a student handbook
or a generally available body of institutional regulations."
"Offenses should be as clearly defined as possible . . ."
That smacks of legalism, and that is probably the biggest
reason why Bethel's rules are not spelled out. Very few of the
prohibitions are made explicit, much less the penalties for
breaking those prohibitions. There are such phrases as "those
forms of recreation otherwise not in harmony with the spirit
of the school."
This desire not to be legalistic is admirable, but dismissing
a student from school has a great effect on the rest of his life,
and those stakes are too high to take the risk of arbitrary
decisions. There should never be any doubt in a student's mind
that he should have known before the offense what the con-sequences
might be. The committee must be given a clearer
set of guidelines than Bethel's catalog statement.
Irishman eulogizes St. Patrick
parents were Britons. He was never
canonized by the Roman Catholic
Church (making him a saint only
by "popular approval"), and he had
nothing to do with snakes. At the
age of 16, he was captured and
sold into slavery to Ireland. While
there, he met God and "was con-verted."
He there grew to under-stand
the Gospel and the salvation
it offered.
Six years later, he escaped back
to his family. But his heart re-mained
in Ireland, dreaming that
the Irish were calling him back to
bring the gospel to them. He re-turned,
and thousands came to
Christ as a result of his ministry.
His missionary zeal enabled Ireland
to come to Christ in early times.
I'm a thinkin' that many o' us
can identify with Patrick, at least
in part. The recent upsurge of con-cern
for those around us, our zeal
for souls, can be comparable.
This coming Monday, whether
you are nice enough to wear green,
cruel enough to wear orange, or
you wear some other colors, re-member
that, in spite of modern
legends, this day the ecclesiastical
calendar is remembering a man
whose heart burned for God. He
went where he didn't have to, to
win people for Him.
Bob Bryant
Women students petitioning for
revisions in established manor
hours have now obtained the num-ber
of signitures needed for refer-endum
vote. The only problem in
solicitation lay in misunderstand-ing
the need for the petition. "Sur-prisingly
enough," said one peti-tioner,
"the students themselves
were uncertain of exsisting con-ditions
and being satisfied with-their
own situation seemed to be
little concerned with the com-plaints
of their colleagues."
Basically, the petition proposes
that: manor late hours be com-pletely
eliminated, to allow for
personal judgment in such con-cerns;
male callers should be al-lowed
to visit any day of the week
during expanded hours; lounge re-strictions
be lifted where they
exist; and manor occupants should
Dormitory living is being plan-ned
for 960 students on the pro-posed
Arden Hills campus, accord-ing
to Philip Carlson, campus plan-ning
coordinator, who discussed the
subject with the Student Senate
last week.
Carlson also explained that the
new campus housing would be lo-cated
about 100 to 150 yards from
the central area of the campus,
which is to include a library, post
office, student center, fieldhouse,
cafeteria and administrative and
student offices.
The prospect of nearly a thou-sand
students living In dormitories
prompted many questions from the
Senators and others assembled.
It was revealed that no apartments
are being planned for unmarried
Many unfavorable comments also
were registered about the pro-spects
of living four years in dorm-itory
conditions. One person men-tioned
that it did not seem educa-tionally
sound to him to minimize
individual freedom and expression
in such a manner.
Other problems raised ranged
from the lack of privacy in dormi-tory
situation and difficulties in
studying to how to entertain friends
who either are of the opposite
sex or smoke. Carlson responded
by stating that studying lounges
are being planned seperate from
Librarian calls
borrowers to task
To the Editor:
My goal for the year has been
to prove that the library is a friend-ly,
vital and dynamic service avail-able
to all the Bethel community
and its friends.
I am compelled at this point, how-ever,
to mention a serious problem.
Recently I put up a poster and
within two hours it was gone, fol-lowing
five or six others. Books,
periodicals and records are being
"borrowed" consistently by some
without the formality of check out.
I beg of you who are involved
to please reconsider. We'll check
out anything—a reference book, a
bound periodical, even a poster.
Our aim is to provide for you every
material and service within our
power—but to serve everyone most
effectively it is imperative that we
know the whereabouts of material
—thus, please sign it out.
Margaret Dewey
establish shifts for locking the
main entrances at midnight each
Rules are set-up each spring,
previous to the opening of school,
by an on-campus committee. The
committee which establishes col-lege
policy in this matter consists
of groups interested in the pro-blems
and directly associated with
This spring the Student Ser-vices
office has been seriously con-sidering
the liberalization of dorm-itory
rules. The office is trying to
communicate with other Twin Ci-ties
schools to discover their dorm
procedures, according to Miss Mar-ilyn
Starr, Dean of Women. Hope-fully,
they will present to the pol-icy-
forming committee revisions
similar to the ones called for in
the petition.
On March 21 the issue will be
opened to the entire student body.
All members of the Student As-sociation
will have opportunity to
express their opinions in a refer-endum
vote. The results will be
presented to the committee respon-sible
for dormitory hour regulation.
Members of the committee are Be-thel
Women Association officers,
dorm house parents, and one rep-resentative
for each building.
by Chuck Myrbo
There once was a church (not necessarily Baptist, but cer-tainly
Bible-believing) in the heart of Kentucky bluegrass
country. Most of the members of the community, but very few
of the members of the church, earned at least part of their
living by raising horses. And beautiful horses they were, too—
and fast; they gave their owners many exciting hours at the
race track.
But some of the members of our kindred church in the
area — notably the older ones, who had long since stopped
riding horses, and didn't even lean against the fences to
watch their in the fields any more — some of these people
were dismayed by the fact that most of the horses did end
up racing, and that many people placed bets on those races.
So they decided that the only way to remedy the situation
was to make sure that no one in the church had anything to
do with horses. The deacon board met and released a memo,
directed primarily at the young people in the church. This is
a part of that memo:
. . . gambling is totally foreign to the Christian ethic. We
discourage contact with horses because:
(1) Horses are instrumental in gambling.
(2) Horses, like all domestic animals, are conducive to
(3) Horses are offensive to many members of the church.
Most of the young people, of course, rebelled against
this policy. Many of them sneaked off to the fields to watch
the horses running against the wind, manes and tails flying.
Some of them rode the horses, and one or two even placed
bets on the races. Some of the horse-lovers were caught riding,
and were summoned before the deacon board, where they were
told to mend their ways.
But some of the young people, unfortunately, swallowed
the bunk about horses, and turned away whenever they saw
them, after first giving their handlers looks filled with pity,
for those people, obviously, were lost in sin.
Parables don't usually need explanations, but one is
necessary in this case. If you look at that memo again, and
if you substitute "euchre decks" for "horses," and if you
substitute "games" for "domestic animals," and if you sub-stitute
"much of the constituency" for "many of the members
of the church," you have a memo put out by the Bethel Student
Services Offices about card-playing — a memo which is just
one instance of a policy against cards.
You don't have to substitute anything for the word "bunk."
recommends revised hours
Carlson discusses building plans;
questions reveal some problems
Miss Starr outlined three basic
considerations in discovering the
"the" solution to the problem.
They are: protection of the girls
and their property; individual
rights; and individual differences.
Allowing for individuals who need
restrictions, for sake of discipline,
and for those who want complete
independence is a difficulty faced
by any society, she said. Miss Starr
agreed that there were some in-consistencies
in execution of es-tablished
rules and that what was
really needed was some study into
the matter and revision in regu-lation.
She stressed that it is im-portant
that a misguided leap be
On these grounds she supported
the distribution of such a peti-tion
and the referendum vote to
gain insight into student desires,
and ventured to say that it was
quite probable the entire Student
Services office would support such
a move.
social areas in the commons areas
accompanying the residences.
Chapel services will again be
held in the fieldhouse, Carlson
said, and academic areas would
not have external views which
would distract, but the cafeteria
would overlook lake Valentine. The
problem of housing, he conceded,
is subject to re-evaluation.
by Dan Johnson
What are your plans for the upcoming Easter vacation just three
weeks away? One little place that tends to attract college students in
recent years is the island of Bermuda.
For as little as $240 one can fly from New York direct to Bermuda
and spend a week. This includes round-trip flight, lodging in a private
home or guest house with breakfasts, and a special week of activities
planned for college students. Several other meals are also included in
the tour package.
The US National Student Travel Association sponsors the College
Week program and tour package. Departure date is April 5 from New
York and return will be April 12 just in time for school on April 14
when Bethel classes resume. Interested students should contact their
campus travel agent.
Group Flight to Europe for Twin City
College Students
Once again this coming summer IC3, (Inter-Collegiate Coordinating
Committee) is sponsoring a group flight to Paris and return for almost
the price of a one-way normal fare ticket.
For $270 the Air France flight will leave from New York direct
to Paris on June 18th. After almost nine weeks of independent travel-ing
the group leaves Paris on Aug. 20th for the return flight to New York.
Students must be enrolled this year in one of the following IC3
schools: Augsburg, Bethel, College of St. Thomas, College of St. Cather-ine,
Concordia College, Hamline College, and Macalester College. The
airlines require a specific group affinity for these special group flights
so they can be controlled. Application forms are available through Dan
Johnson or the Student Senate Office.
Reservations are made on the first come—first served basis with
a $40 deposit. The final payments must be made through AMERI-CANS
ABROAD, 317-14th Avenue S.E. Mpls. by May 1st
Only 50 reserved seats were available as of last week so make
your summer plans now if you are interested in this travel bargain.
Three music instructors .
perform in faculty recital SURPRISE!
You'll be surprised
when you claim the re-ward
. . . a pleasant
meal at the Arden Inn.
Come soon.
N. Snelling and Co. Rd. B. OPEN:
Sundays noon to 9 p.m. Daily 11 a.m.-
2 p.m., 54 p.m. Closed Mondays.
"Something New"
Central's Bus Will Be Leaving
Bodien Dorm at 10:30 A.M.
For the 11 o'clock Worship Service
It continues to leave at 9:40 A.M. as well.
eearefriat Eafttede
N. Roy and Shields Ave.
Pastor Warren Magnuson
March is
"Build Your Library Month",
For Bethel College Students
Only (ID card needed)
20% dacoafee de aEE it04-tea
Includes Paperbacks & Clothbooks
Used Books — Special Orders (Placed in March)
Cash Preferred — But 30 Day Charge Possible
Bethel Boalato4e
41114.■ ff 7f,,o,ett Oftea
Mon. thru Thurs. 11 :00 a.m. to 12 :00 midnite
Fri. & Sat. 11:00 a.m. to 1 :30 a.m.
Sunday 4 p.m. to 12 midnite
Phone 646-7244
Thursday, March 13, 1969 the CLARION Page 3
Nola Pore gives
Campus Vagabonds recital Saturday ebapet A)igbligb tg
Bethel's Music Department will
present three faculty members in
recital at 8 p.m. Monday at Calvary
Baptist Church.
Performing will be Mrs. Paul
Christian, organ instructor at
Bethel and organist at Calvary Bap-tist
Church, and Oliver Mogck, As-sociate
Professor of voice at Bethel
and Minister of Music at Calvary
Baptist Church.
Mogck will be accompanied
by Mrs. Sheldon Fardig, panio in-structor
at Bethel and organist at
Our Savior's Lutheran Church of
Minneapolis. Assisting Mogck on
J. S. Bach's solo cantata, "Ich Habe
Genug" will be Miss Gail Klemet-ti,
flutist and a music major at
Bethel from Albuquerque, New
Mrs. Paul Christian is a graduate
of Wheaton College where she was
an organ major. Mrs Christian has
had graduate study at the Univer-suty
of Kansas and is a member of
the American Guild of Organists.
She is the wife of Dr. Paul Chris-tian
of the biology department.
Mogck has his undergraduate de-gree
in music from Morningside
College, Sioux City, Iowa, and a
master's degree from the Univer-sity
of Minnesota with additional
doctoral study at Chicago Musical
College. At Bethel Mr. Mogck
teaches voice and directs the Wo-men's
Choir. He has been a mem-ber
of Bethel's Music Department
since 1962. He is currently North-ern
Regional Governor of the Na-tional
Association of Teachers of
Nola Port, lyric soprano voice
major, will present her senior re-cital
at 8:30 p.m. Saturday in the
Trinity Baptist Church.
She will be accompanied by
Beverly Pearson at the piano. One
number, "Psalm 23" by Berlinski,
will feature a contemporary setting
with flute accompaniment by Gail
Klemetti and Harriet Norgren.
The former Nola Schmiess from
Munich, N.D. began her voice
training in high school. She sang
the leading role in the musical,
"Down in the Valley," while at-tending
International Music Camp
at Peace Garden, N.D., and also
spent a summer at Arrowhead Mu-sic
Camp near Duluth.
At Bethel, Nola was under the
instruction of Clara Seecamp Klat-ke
during her freshman year and
Oliver Mogck for the last three
years. Besides singing with Beth-el's
women's choir and the college
choir, Nola has soloed in several
of the Bethel musical groups' spec-ial
presentations, such as "Elijah"
and "The Messiah."
She married Dennis Port, a mu-sic
education major and graduate
of Bethel, last September and often
sings with her husband in area
Intramural Basketball Standings
"A" League "B" League
First Floor 6-0 First Floor 5-0
Second Old 5-1 Faculty 4-1
Third Old 5-1 Pit 4-1
Falcon 4-2 Off Campus 3-2
New Dorm 4-2 New Dorm 3-2
Faculty 2-4 Second Old 2-3
Off Campus 2-4 Second New 2-3
Second New 2-4 Falcon 1-4
Pit 1-5 Third Old 1-4
Third New 0-6 Third New 0-5
by Pastor Maurice Lawson
Do you believe scientists will
ever create life? And if they do,
what will be your reaction as a
Christian? Are you sensitive to the
ethnical problems in the control
of human reproduction?
Answers to these questions will
be suggested on Monday and Tues-day
in chapel when Dr. Elving
Anderson, professor at the Uni-versity
of Minnesota and research-er
at the Dight Institute for Human
Genetics, speaks. Dr. Anderson is
an active Christian as well as sci-entist.
On Wednesday the Pastor's topic
will be, "Are They Getting The
"A" League
March 43
1st Floor 66; 3rd New 29
2nd Old 66; 3rd Old 41
Falcon 54; Faculty 51
0. C. forfeited to New Dorm
Pit forfeited to 2nd New
"B" League
March 6
Faculty 58; 2nd Old 54
Off Campus 41; 3rd Old 26
1st Floor 52; Pit 40
Falcon 35; 3rd New 33
New Dorm 25; 2nd New 21
March 10
Faculty 52; Off Campus 51
First Floor 59; Falcon 33
Second New 47; Third Old 30
Second Old 62; Third New 36
Pit 49; New Dorm 37
Message?" Prof. Royal Bloom will
speak on Thursday.
Friday we will hear a man who is
in the thick of things at the Uni-versity
of Minnesota. Bob Ross is
the member of the dean of students
staff responsible to maintain con-tact
with the political and social
action groups on the campus, and
he will speak out of that context,
as a Christian who is where the
action is.
We are pleased beyond words
with the activity of many students
these days in active witnessing for
Christ. We are praying that be-yond
the good that is being done
now will be the establishing
through this activity of a way of
life that is is always alert to the
opportunities of witness of God's
saving grace, as well as definite
commitments to service responsi-bilities
that will give a depth di-mension
to our contacts for Christ.
9:25 A.M. and 6:40 P.M.
NOTICE! Bus now available for students wishing to attend Church
Worship — Bus leaves Bodien at 10:30 A.M.
J. Leonard Carroll, Pastor
eafrt vzza atea4
Ask your eye doctor.
If he says you can,
Elwood Carlson
will fit your lenses
with the extra care
and expert attention
your eyes deserve.
4th St. Lobby — Lowry Med. Arts
CA 4 - 5212 — St. Paul
719 Nicollet Ave.
FE 2 - 5681 — Mpls.
Call us for further details
Page 4
the CLARION Thursday, March 13, 1969
by Dan A. Nelson
As baseball season is drawing close and major
league games have already started in Southern states,
Bethel senior, Terry Muck, will be leaving for the
Atlanta Braves minor league spring training camp
next Wednesday.
Terry, who signed a contract with the Atlanta
Braves of the National League, will be starting his
first full year of professional baseball. Last year
he played the months of July and August for the
West Palm Beach Braves. The Braves' manager was
former Cub and Brave major leaguer Andy Pafko.
Terry is a second 'baseman and in fifty games last
year hit a very respectable .298.
The West Palm Beach team is in a Class A league.
Minor league baseball is made up of four classes.
Triple A is the highest league in the minors. Min-nesota
Twins farm club Denver is in this classifica-tion.
Next in order come Double A, Single A, and the
rookie leagues.
An all around athlete (he played football, basket-ball,
and baseball at St. Paul Central high school),
Terry has always had to work hard at sports because
of his size, 5'7" and 160 pounds. He readily admits
that this has provided extra incentive to do well.
Terry explains that he doesn't know what to ex-pect
at spring training but that he has been told to
do a lot of running and to get into the peak of con-ditioning.
The players from the Northern Climate
are not supposed to do much throwing because the
coaches feel this will hurt their arms. Spring train-ing
lasts two or three weeks in which time the ball-players
are drilled into condition and sharpen their
reflexes after the winter layoff.
About a hundred and twenty-five ballplayers will
be at the camp. Terry relates that since the Braves
organization has dropped a single A team some 30
players will be released. He says that he is going
under the assumption that he'll have to work to make
the cut. After he makes the cut he will be assigned
to a ballclub. This will probably be to a single A
team at first and then he can be promoted if the or-ganization
wishes. Terry feels that his baseball
career depends on his success this summer.
Another sport in which Terry excells is hand-ball.
He first began playing in his sophomore year
of high school when he was introduced to the game
by Don Cameron, a high school English teacher. He
soon became very interested in the game and played
every chance he got at the Y.M.C.A.
The last two years Terry has been the National
Inter-collegiate Singles Champion. This year because
of baseball he will not be able to participate in the
Tournament which starts this weekend and runs a
Since last December Terry has been in five tour-naments.
These are tournaments for the best players
in the U.S. Terry is sponsored in the tournaments by
the St. Paul Athletic Club and they pay the expenses
of going to them. In the Old Hickory Invitational
Coach Glader's track team got
their season under way last Sat-urday
with a practice meet on
Macalester's indoor track. They ran
against Macalester's "B" team and
lost 66-43. Despite the set-back,
there were some high points in
the meet as several individuals
turned in strong performances.
Bethel accounted for themselves
very well when certain circum-stances
are considered. Though the
opposition was a "B" team, they
had been running formally since
February 1 in contrast to Bethel's
one week. Though score was kept
as in a regular meet, it was a
Dave Pearson, co-captain of the
Track Scrimmage
Macalester "B" 66; Bethel 43
Long Jump
1) Pearson 19'4 1/2" 2) Mac 3) Leh-man
17' 91/4"
880 yard Dash
1) Campbell 2:11.9 2) Mac 3) Berg-gren
Pole Vault
1) Tim Larson 10'
Shot Put
1) Mac 44' 8 1/4" 2) Mac 3) Swed-berg
Int. Hurdles
1) Mac 7.7 2) Mac 3) Fredeen 8.0
Mile Relay
1) Mac 4:42.6 2) Bethel 3:57
a national handball champion in recent
years, will resume his professional baseball
career next week. Terry signed with the
Atlanta Braves last summer and played for
their West Palm Beach farm club.
at Nashville, Tenn., Terry placed second. He placed
third in the Mardi Gras tournament in New Orleans
and in the Callas Invitational he lost to present
national champion Stuffy Singer. He then traveled
to Birmingham, Alahama where he placed fourth
in the National Contendors Tournament. Then last
Saturday he played in the North Central Invitational
at the downtown St. Paul Y.M.C.A. and took second
Handball is not very much of a spectators sport
yet but some facilities are now putting in glass back-walls
so that people can watch. Terry said that at
first the glass is hard to get used to but after awhile
it doesn't bother at all.
Terry is at this time taking five independent
study courses so he will finish college studying
when he is not playing baseball. He will graduate
with a double major in the fields of Psychology and
Philosophy and he has enrolled in the Seminary for
next fall.
March 14-20
14 Basketball, Pipers at Oakland
15 Hockey, North Stars vs. Philadelphia 8:05
15 Basketball, Pipers at Oakland
15 Track, Bethel at Superior
16 Basketball, Pipers at Indiana
16 Hockey, North Stars at St. Louis TV 7:00
19 Basketball, Pipers at New Orleans
20 Hockey, North Stars at Philadelphia
Sideeeez Symposium
by Wally Borner
Tidbits about Intramurals and other diverse things.
First Floor is mopping up in basketball again this year.
The "A" team is leading with a 6-0 record and .averaging about
20 points more than their opponents per game. The "B" team
is 5-0 and generally wins with equally healthy margins.
The "A" team is sparked by the incomparable Andrew J.
Lehman who is always a scoring threat under the basket. With
Dave Pound and Murray Sitte at guard, they have the best
1-2 combination with both tight defense and deadly outside
The "B team depends on a lot of muscle, mainly that of
Jim Carlson, Jack Campbell, and Larry Swanson.
Intramural handball will be starting this weekend. The
signup list for ping pong will also go up this weekend.
The track teams says thank you to the group of fans who
went down to the scrimmage meet at Macalester last Saturday.
I wouldn't like to think of what kind of Intramural activ-ities
that one could conjure up for playing in the streets of
New York City. And then there is dragging. This is a popular
pastime for some people, but for everyone in the College
Choir, it has somewhat different connotations.
winner of last week's Grain Belt Sports Salute, comes
through the double line of fans that welcomed the Royals for
the second half of the St. John's game.
Will be back on the air
next Monday
We're remodeling
Thinclads show promise in pre-season meet
team, led Bethel with two first
place finishes. Dave jumped 19'-
4 1/2" to take long jump honors
and then won the high jump while
setting a school record of 6'1".
Dave Pound, also co-captain,
took second place in the 60-yard
dash and the 440-yard dash. Jack
Campbell and Rick Berggren each
won a first and third place finish.
Berggren appears to be one of the
biggest improvements of last year's
Several of the day's races were
extremely close. The 600-yard run
ended with only one third of a
second separating the first three
places. Dave Pound lost the 440
60 yd. Dash
1) Mac 6.5 2) Pound 6.6
High Jump
1) Pearson 6' 1" 2) Mac
High Hurdles
1) Mac 7.8 2) Fredeen 8.1
440 yd. Dash
1) Mac 53.7 2) Pound 53.8 3) Camp-bell
600 yd. Dash
1) Berggren 1:19.8 2) Mac 3) James
2 Mile Run
1) Mac 10:37.3 2) Carlson 10:57.4
3) Olson 11:24.5
Mile Run
1) Mac 4:42.6 2) Mac 3) Carlson
honors by only one tenth of a sec-ond.
The thinclads should have a good
year this season. The hurdles will
be in good shape with Fritz Fre-deen
and Andy Lehman. Dwight
Carlson and Berggren should do
well in the' distance races and
Campbell and Pound have proven
themselves in the shorter events.
The team is a bit thin in the
sprints and the weight events.
However, the team has better all
around depth than last year. Phil
James is one of the most promising
freshmen on this year's squad.
Phil ran a close third in the 600-
yard run. Tim Larson has taken
up pole vaulting and should help
the team in that area this year.
Handball ace packs up baseball gear
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


text:
Newest membersUsername Joined
Daisy221 03 Aug
DrSiMong 03 Sep
Gangles 31 Jul
Liltheo 02 Apr
Schmacktalk 31 Jan
Veinamoinen 15 Nov
Adalwin 09 Nov
purplefist 08 Nov
Link to usPlease feel free to link to The Dottagers. Use the following HTML:
~And then there were 3
Over the last couple of fastastic weeks we have whittled down Garrosh's forces until only the last three remain!.
Each and every week we have managed to kill at least one new boss, and Tonight was no exception. After a few tries we pretty much sorted...
Views: 3262 • Comments: 0 • Write comments [ Read all ]
Some new Things... Twice
Wednesday:- We started the weeks raiding events on Normal mode and we very swifly killed the first 5 bosses, including the trouble some Galakas. This allowed us our first look at Normal mode the Iron Skorpion Thing. After a bit of preperation and wiping...
Views: 3194 • Comments: 2 • Write comments [ Read all ]
5.4 Week 1
so.. 5.4 hit and things have happened!
Grats to lots of people who have already gotten their hands on a shiny new orange glowy winged cape
but that's not all!
on day one we cleared the first wing on flex mode and then went on to...
Views: 2929 • Comments: 1 • Write comments [ Read all ]
Ahead of the Curve
Well patch 5.4 hits today, and while i'm a little late we did clear all of last tiers normal content while at its hardest granting as the "Ahead of the Curve" achievement (including horridon before its many nerfs)
I would write more...
Views: 2697 • Comments: 0 • Write comments [ Read all ]
Words, Pictures and Dead Bosses! (What more do you need!)
Would seem like we are getting back into the roll of things again, another week and 2 new bosses under the belt!
After a couple of nights learning the Iron Qon encounter we discovered that after P1 and the P2 cyclones pretty easy. So on a fresh...
Views: 8817 • Comments: 8 • Write comments [ Read all ]
board3 Portal - based on phpBB3 Portal
PayPal donations

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You are hereHome ›
Narrow Search
Now showing results 1-2 of 2
This is an activity about magnetism and magnetic forces. Learners will explore objects to which a magnet is attracted or repelled and record information in a learning log. Additionally, learners will identify magnetic devices or phenomena they... (View More) encounter at home, at school, in nature, and in other locales. This is the first activity in the Magnetic Math booklet; this booklet can be found on the Space Math@NASA website. (View Less)
This is a summative activity about magnets. Learners will observe a demonstration of the action of a magnet on a test tube of iron filings, answer questions, and, using the concepts learned in previous activities, write an essay about their... (View More) understanding of the demonstration. This is the fourth activity in the Mapping Magnetic Influence educators guide. Learners should complete the other three activities in that guide (Seeing Magnetism, What Do You Know about Magnets, and Magnet Map) prior to beginning this activity. (View Less)


text:
Pornography is prevalent everywhere today. In fact, one in eight online searches is for pornography. Because pornography thrives in secrecy, many members of your congregation may be trapped in a cycle of sin and shame, thinking that they're the only ones facing the temptation.
Download our free e-book, Porn-Free Church: Raising up gospel communities to destroy secret sins, to find out how you can help your congregation find freedom from porn in the Gospel. You'll learn:
- How to talk about pornography to people in your church.
- What the Bible says about accountability.
- How to counsel men struggling with pornography.
- How to move past large events and pancake breakfasts to create a culture of accountability in your church.
Read some sample chapters!
Want to read a few sample chapters before you get the full e-book? Here are two of our favorites:
- "Sex, God, and the Gospel" by Tim Chester
- "Counseling Men Toward Lasting Freedom from Pornography" by J. Alasdair Groves
Three of our chapters are also perfect as a starting point for a sermon series on lust and pornography. Click here to get "A Bird's Eye View of Lust and Pornography" (chapters 4, 7, and 9 of Porn-Free Church).


text:
Nick Cannon Hits Club After Cyst Surgery
Nick Cannon didn't let a minor surgery stop him from hitting the club.
The 32-year-old was interviewed by TMZ while on his way to a party. At the time, he sported a Band-Aid on his face, looking like he was inspired by Nelly circa early 2000s. "You know I got shot, you know this is my 50 Cent scar," Cannon joked. "I'm gettin' my Nelly on. You know it's all good, they had to take a culture [of the cyst]. Everything's cool."
The bandage was covering a grape-sized cyst he had removed from his left cheek. Recently, Cannon shared a photo on Instagram showing fans what the cyst looked like before he got it removed.
"I want to show y'all the pics of the removal but its too disgusting! #weakstomach," Cannon wrote on Twitter about the cyst.


text:
REAL SALT LAKE vs. GALAXY
Kickoff: 6 p.m. today, StubHub Center
TV/RADIO: ESPN, ESPN Deportes/KTLK 1150, KWKW 1330
Update: Two familiar postseason combatants meet again, this time in the Western Conference semifinals. Real Salt Lake downed the Galaxy on penalty kicks to win the 2009 MLS Cup in Seattle, then the Galaxy eliminated RSL in 2011 with a 3-1 win in the Western Conference final. … It's a home-and-home aggregate series, which boils it down to a 180-minute game. Game 2 is Thursday in Sandy, Utah and if the teams are tied in goals the winner will advance on penalty kicks. … Real Salt Lake, which finished second in the Western Conference standings, went 16-10-8 to finish three points ahead of the third-place Galaxy (15-11-8). The Galaxy won two of the three matches between the clubs this season: 2-0 in Sandy on April 27 and 4-2 on Aug. 17 at StubHub. Salt Lake scored a 3-1 home win on June 8. … The Galaxy, seeking an unprecedented third consecutive title, is making a case for forward Robbie Keane as MLS MVP for the regular season. He had 16 goals and 11 assists in only 23 games. Most importantly, the Galaxy are 12-3-8 with Keane on the field and 3-8-0 without him. … The Galaxy have three players listed as questionable: defenders A.J. DeLaGarza (dislocated elbow) and Todd Dunivant (knee sprain) and reserve midfielder Pablo Mastroeni (thigh strain). DeLaGarza missed the playoffs last season and has vowed to be back for this run at the title. If Dunivant can't play, rookie Greg Conchrane might be called upon the way Tommy Meyer was as a rookie in place of DeLaGarza. … The teams are littered with national team talent but it might come down to the goalkeepers. Salt Lake's Nick Rimando (U.S.) ranked fourth in the league in goals-against average (1.04) and had nine shutouts. The Galaxy's Jaime Penedo (Panama), a mid-season acquisition, played in nine games with an 0.78 GAA and four shutouts. He also has made a habit of coming up with spectacular saves.


text:
Tunisian Student First to Receive Scholarship through New UW Program
Mhamed Samet came from Tunisia to Wyoming to swim.
Don't scratch your head and wonder why, though. Samet, the first student to attend the University of Wyoming with help from a new scholarship program exclusively for students from Tunisia, is training to be a sprinter on the Cowboys swim team.
For those who don't consider Tunisia to be a hotbed for swimming, Samet quickly points out that one of his fellow countrymen, Ous Mellouli, was a double medal winner at the recent London Olympics, taking gold in the grueling 10-kilometer race and earning a bronze in the 1,500-meter freestyle.
An excellent swimmer in high school, Samet says competing in the pool wasn't the only reason he applied for the new Tunisian Student Program scholarship, developed jointly by the state of Wyoming and The Republic of Tunisia. Samet says he wanted an opportunity to enjoy the experience of obtaining a college education in the United States. His father had graduated from Oregon State.
"He said that attending an American university is a unique experience, and I wanted to try it," Samet says. Additionally, he was aware of UW's strong reputation in his chosen field, chemical engineering, and the scholarship availability solidified his decision to come to Wyoming.
UW offered the lifestyle choices he was seeking, too.
"I was raised in a rural environment. I'm a bit of an outdoorsman," he says with a smile. "I like hiking and biking, and training at high altitude will help my swimming performance."
So far, it's all worked out for the best.
"At first, I was a bit shy in discussion classes but, as I got used to it, I started participating in the discussions. I give feedback to the group," he says. "Being active in class is not that hard to do. The teachers are great; they help us in class and encourage participation."
Since arriving at UW, he heard about the 50 or so protesters who burned American flags outside the U.S. Embassy in Tunisia's capital as part of widespread anger across the Muslim world about a film ridiculing Islam's Prophet Muhammad.
"It was an unfortunate event -- it's definitely an act of extremism," Samet says. "There are some extremists in Tunisia, but it's a minority that does some very stupid things."
After obtaining his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering, Samet is considering graduate school, perhaps at the University of Calgary in Canada. He plans a career in industry.
UW's new Tunisian Student Program is a result of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's visit to Tunisia in spring 2011, when then-Prime Minister Caid Essebsi requested a U.S. degree program for Tunisian students at reduced costs. That fall, U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia Gordon Gray visited Wyoming, meeting with Gov. Matt Mead and members of the Wyoming Legislature, and also with several UW faculty and administrators.
Gray's visit was coordinated through a National Guard partnership program that paired Wyoming's National Guard with Tunisia to demonstrate the effectiveness of having a civilian military and the importance of civilian control of the military. The Wyoming National Guard began a number of activities with the Tunisian military, and Tunisian military personnel met with Wyoming business and political leaders during visits to the state.
Ambassador Gray discussed with UW the possibility of helping the United States follow up on the new Tunisian government's proposal for the U.S. to assist in providing greater access to higher education for students from Tunisia. Samet was among the first group to apply for the assistance.


text:
Who was VW's Poetsch really talking about?
to the
Send us a letter
Have an opinion about this story? Click here to submit a Letter to the Editor, and we may publish it in print.
Recommended for You
A mini-tempest has blown up among European automakers over remarks by a Volkswagen executive.
As reported by various news accounts, VW CFO Hans Dieter Poetsch said some European competitors are at risk of going out of business without financial assistance as the region's auto market sinks.
"It is unclear if all carmakers will survive without governmental help," Poetsch said on the eve of the Paris auto show on Wednesday. "Carmakers in southern Europe that produce small cars will be especially affected."
Who might those endangered companies be?
"The two guys with the most stretched balance sheets are clearly Fiat and Peugeot," Credit Suisse analyst Erich Hauser said.
Fiat and Peugeot are, as the Brits say, taking umbrage with Poetsch's painting a bull's-eye on their backs.
And the comments further exacerbated the already-festering relationship between Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne and VW's top brass over a variety of political and business issues in the troubled European economic environment.
An angry Marchionne today even invited VW's top brass to a morning showdown on Friday at Fiat's display at the Paris auto show.
But the real question is not whether those two companies are at risk.
Poetsch has only an outsider's understanding of the financials at Fiat and Peugeot. But he has an insider's knowledge of the financials at another southern European car company that makes small cars: VW's own Seat.
Is Poetsch hinting at troubles in Seat's future? Is there something he's not saying -- yet?
Or maybe he just wanted to taunt Marchionne, which seems to be a favored pastime at VW.
Perhaps we'll find out more tomorrow.
Send us a letter
Have an opinion about this story? Click here to submit a Letter to the Editor, and we may publish it in print.


text:
We have entertained dignitaries, performed alongside international
superstars, entertained thousands at events of all kinds.
Today, we celebrate your special moments.
Love Notes Wedding Music, a subsidiary of High Notes Music Solutions, commits to top-notch service levels, reliability and delivers only the best of live wedding music, across all music genres - English & Mandarin pop, Jazz, Evergreens - to cater to your guests' every preference for entertainment.
Tags: Singapore, Actual Day, Casual, Live Band


text:
African Religion and Healing in the Atlantic Diaspora
John M. Janzen
Religion and healing are useful scholarly constructs in summarizing, consolidating, and interpreting a myriad of details from the historic African-Atlantic experience. For heuristic purposes, religion is understood as the worldviews, rituals, and supernatural beings that represent ultimate reality; healing is the understanding of, and responses to, affliction and misfortune, and the struggle to achieve wholeness. Combining religion and healing in an overview of the African diaspora experience will consider the following: original African worlds in four regional contexts in Western and Western Central Africa (e.g., Senegambia, Upper Guinea, Southern Guinea, Kongo-Angola); the traumatic middle passage refracted in the "broken mirrors" of memory; how this memory is mixed and reinterpreted with the New World experience of slave markets, plantations, maroon settlements, and during post-slavery, post-empire times; scholarly models of continuity and transformation; and modern constructions of religion and healing.
Boko Haram: History and Context
Hilary Matfess
Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, better known as "Boko Haram," is the most violent phenomenon of the Nigerian Fourth Republic. It is responsible not only for a regional food crisis that has devolved into famine in some areas, but also the displacement of millions and the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The insurgency in Nigeria began as a dissident religious sect's venting of local grievances in Maiduguri, the capital of the northeastern Borno State. The movement was founded at the turn of the century by Mohammed Yusuf, a Salafist preacher notorious for his rejection of Western education and government employment.
Boko Haram only gained significant international attention in the aftermath of the 2014 abduction of more than 270 schoolgirls from their dormitory in the remote town of Chibok, but the group did not always employ such deplorable tactics. Although policymakers in capitals the world over have been eager to emphasize the group's connections to international terrorist groups, the movement is localized and often more akin to an African insurgency than to a prototypical terrorist organization. The group's initial years were characterized by relatively benign activities like the provision of social services, punctuated by occasional bouts of criminality that, over time, escalated into a series of targeted assassinations that provoked federal government response. A series of violent actions ultimately transformed Boko Haram from a largely nonviolent fundamentalist religious movement into the lethal and resilient force it is today, known internationally for its brutality: notably, the group's interactions with the Nigerian security sector, categorized by indiscriminate state violence; leadership changes within the insurgency's ranks that elevated Abubakar Shekau following Mohammed Yusuf's execution; and regional trends in weapons flows and ideological currents.
Christian History and Historiography
Joel Cabrita
Christian presence in Africa has a long and varied history. African congregations represented some of the world's earliest churches, with lively Coptic and Orthodox communities in both North Africa and present-day Ethiopia. But wide-scale Christian expansion truly began during the proselytization efforts of the 19th-century missionary movement. Success in gaining converts was initially limited, a fact not aided by the perceived ties of missionaries to Western colonial powers. But through the translation and intermediation of a dedicated strata of African evangelists, proselytizers, and preachers, Christianity rapidly became one of the continent's most popular faiths. The independent church movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries exemplified the determination of Christians across the continent to make the faith a local religion: throwing off white missionary control, thousands of Africans formed their own independent churches that experimented with new modes of Protestant Holiness theology. Transnational links have always been key to the development of Christianity in Africa, with connections to North American African American churches sustaining many of these independent churches. More recently, international networks have also influenced the large charismatic revivals that swept the continent from the 1970s onward. Inspired by itinerant evangelists from both North America and Europe, Africans have formed new churches that stress the "Prosperity Gospel," deliverance from witchcraft, and the equation of "modernity" with Christianity. Underlying many of these diverse developments has been an ongoing debate regarding the intrinsically African qualities of Christianity: scholars continue to wrestle with understanding the extent and nature of indigenous versus exogenous elements that go into making Christianity—along with Islam—one of the most widely practiced religions on the African continent.
Christian Missions and the State in 19th and 20th Century Angola and Mozambique
Teresa Cruz e Silva
Christian missionary work in Angola and Mozambique during the colonial and postcolonial eras was shaped by a complex of factors related to religion, education, and politics. Missionaries' networks of local support played an outstanding role in their humanitarian work, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries.
By the end of the 19th century, Catholic and Protestant missions had established themselves in Angola and Mozambique. Until 1974, Protestants had a tense relationship with the Portuguese authorities, as they were suspected of serving the political interests of some European countries against Portugal, and later of supporting African opposition to colonial domination. Unlike the Protestants, the Catholic Church enjoyed a close collaboration with the ruling regime. Under the Concordat and the Missionary Accord of 1940 and the Missionary Statute of 1941, which were agreed between the Vatican and Portugal, Catholic missions enjoyed a privileged position to the detriment of Protestants, whose activities were severely restricted.
The years that followed the independences of Angola and Mozambique in 1975 were characterized by open hostility to religion, aggravated by the nationalization of missions' assets and properties in both countries. Mission activities related to education and health became hard to carry out. With the civil wars in Angola and Mozambique, warfare and dislocation gave a new social role to the churches. Between the mid-1980s and 1990 the first signs of new policies emerged. While in Angola the relationship between church and state was marked by ambiguity and mistrust, cooperation and collaboration prevailed in Mozambique, where the 1980s saw a rapprochement and constructive dialogue between the two institutions. This was sealed by the roles both Protestants and Catholics played in the peace and democratization processes.
The political opening that characterized the 1990s and 2000s brought significant changes for both countries including the presence in the public space of new churches, especially those of Pentecostal denominations. The new sociopolitical contexts in Angola and Mozambique between the late 20th and early 21st centuries shaped the new roles of the missions, which remain more focused on social, rather than political, activities.
Encounters Between Ethiopia and Europe, 1400–1660
Matteo Salvadore
By the early 1400s, diplomatic representatives and pilgrims from the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia had traveled to the Italian peninsula for political and religious reasons. In doing so, they inaugurated an era of Ethiopian–European relations that unfolded for more than 200 years: Ethiopians reached multiple locales across Latin Europe to forge political alliances, acquire technology, and pursue religious knowledge. They drew the attention of European observers, especially those with an interest in the overseas. Secular and religious personalities, but also average merchants, began their quests for the Ethiopian highlands, lured by the tales of their visitors who were believed with growing certainty to be subjects of the mythical Prester John, the imaginary Christian sovereign believed to rule the Indies. Their journeys enabled cultural exchanges, technological transfer, and the forging of one of the first Euro-African political alliances, that between the kingdoms of Ethiopia and Portugal.
In the 15th century, Ethiopian pilgrims flocked to Rome, and diplomatic representatives found hospitality in the Venetian Republic and at the Aragonese and papal courts. Concurrently with Ethiopian arrivals in Europe, European adventurers and representatives began reaching Ethiopia, eventually leading to the establishing of Portuguese–Ethiopian relations. The exchanges climaxed with a Portuguese military intervention to support the Ethiopian monarchy against the sultanate of Adal in 1541. In the decades following the conflict, Jesuit missionaries began operating in the country: after a difficult inception in the 1620s, the fathers experienced ephemeral successes, followed by a dramatic expulsion that ended early modern Ethiopian–European relations.
The History of Islam in East Africa
Felicitas Becker
The history of Islam in East Africa stretches back to around 1000 CE. Until the mid-20th century, it remained largely confined to the coast and closely bound up with the history of the Swahili towns situated on it. The Swahili language remains central to many East African Muslims, hence the occasionally heard phrase, "Swahili Islam." East African Muslims are mostly Shafiites and some belong to Sufi orders, especially Qadiriyya and Shadhiliyya. Since c. 1850, Islam, with many variations in ritual, has become the religion of speakers of a multitude of languages across the region, second only to Christianity. The region's independent nation-states initially promised equality for all religions within a secular order. Since c. 1990, though, the minority status of East African Muslims has fed into a multitude of grievances related to the region's economic and political impasses. This situation has led to growing movements of Islamic preaching and activism, supported by increased contacts with congregations elsewhere in the Indian Ocean. At times, they have influenced electoral politics, especially in Zanzibar, where Islamic activism resonates with fear of marginalization by the mainland. In Kenya, Somali-influenced Islamist terrorists committed a series of atrocities in the 2010s. East African governments, in turn, have been proactive in tracking and disrupting such networks, and in Kenya, the government engaged in targeted assassination. Nevertheless, peaceful coexistence between Muslims and adherents of other religions remains the norm in East Africa, and its dynamics are often poorly understood.
Interactions between North Africa and Spain: Medieval and Early Modern
Camilo Gómez-Rivas
Arabic-speaking Muslim polities existed in medieval Spain and Portugal where they were superseded by Christian empires that gradually disavowed cultural connections to this past. Hebrew and Arabic were largely expurgated from homes and libraries. Jews and Muslims who refused to convert were expelled. And while an incipient study of that past existed, echoed even in popular literary forms, the need to disavow kinship prevailed, at least publicly and officially. The Maghrib, for its part, separated by a mere fourteen kilometers of sea from the southern tip of Spain, experienced Portuguese and Spanish imperial expansion firsthand, receiving the bulk of the displaced and interacting with fortified settlements and encroachments along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Later European colonization of North Africa completed the galvanization of a Maghribi culture of resistance to and disavowal of European, Latin, and Christian cultural forms and connections. Spain and North Africa came to be conceived as separate worlds; domains of inimical faiths; divided by culture, language, religion, and a history of mutual hostility. This sense of separateness is deceptive, however, as the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are bound by deep and extensive commercial, material, and cultural contacts. They share inextricable histories in which alternating movements of commerce, conflict, and migration have played fundamental roles in shaping recognizably Western Mediterranean societies. They should be thought of as areas of a unified region with a common culture, or at the very least, as areas sharing a common region, in which they interact regularly, creating extensive ties and parallel forms of cultural and social organization.
Islamic Historical Sources: Manuscripts and Online
Amidu Olalekan Sanni
Of central interest here are the historical sources on Islam and Africa, the role and contributions of manuscripts to the narrative, and how the new cyber world has become a domain for those sources as instruments for the generation and utilization of knowledge. Africa came in contact with Islam right from the birth of the faith in the 7th century. Although Judeo-Christian, Late-Antique, and pre-Islamic materials provided the earliest historical sources on Islam and its people, the Qur'an, hadith (statements of the Prophet Muhammad), and the sira/maghāzī (biography/expeditions) were the first original sources on Islamic history on which later writings, including those from Africa, drew.
The manuscript tradition in Islam is as old as the faith itself; it was one of the earliest material sources on Islamic sciences, and in the case of Africa, it provided a treasure trove of materials. At the beginning of the 21st century, the approach to scholarship and utilization of manuscripts changed radically, as digitization, creation of online databases, interconnected portals and links to universal portals, catalogs of manuscripts and published materials, among other innovations, redefined the ways knowledge of Islamic history is generated, accessed, and utilized.
Mahdist Omdurman
Robert S. Kramer
It is tempting to seek an auspicious beginning for the Sudanese city of Omdurman, given its eventual significance, but there is none to be found. From its humble origins as a watering place for local pastoralists on the west bank of the Nile, and a mere hamlet and waystation for travelers by the early 19th century, it grew rapidly in the 1880s into a crowded market center, an administrative capital, and even a holy city: all due to the tumultuous events of the Sudanese Mahdist movement (or Mahdiyyah) of 1881–1898. And while it was not the intention of Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi to found anything—he considered Omdurman just another "spot" (buq'a) among the many he had camped at—the policies of his successor and the devotion of his followers enlarged and ennobled the place, transforming it into the dominant urban center of the Nilotic Sudan.
As a holy city, Omdurman can hardly be compared to such places as Jerusalem, Rome, or Mecca, with their centuries or even millennia of existence; and although it resembles Shaykh 'Uthman dan Fodio's city of Sokoto in northern Nigeria as the capital of an expansionist jihadist state, it also differs from it in some important ways. Ultimately, whether one considers its messianic or economic importance, its military or administrative functions, its planned or spontaneous origins, Omdurman is remarkable for becoming, in just over a decade's time, one of the most important cities across Sudanic Africa. Moreover, the experience of the Sudanese people in so tribally and ethnically diverse an urban environment, under such concentrated and extreme conditions, both impelled by the policies of the state and inspired by fervent Mahdist belief, helped to accelerate ongoing social changes, which ultimately led to the formation of a more coherent national identity.
Pentecostalism in Africa
Nimi Wariboko
The literature on African Pentecostalism is relatively vast and growing rapidly, but it is, unfortunately, caught in the circle of trying to define what African Pentecostalism is, and how it is what it is. How does African Pentecostalism constitute itself in relation to its sensibilities? How does it bear witness to its form of religiosity as a spirituality that is continually affected by African traditional religions, by economic exigencies and political developments in Africa, and by traditions, doctrines, and the gospel message of Christianity? What does it mean for Africans to express or modify Pentecostalism? How does one capture the style by which African Pentecostals leave their marks on Pentecostalism? The question of how African Pentecostalism defines itself is ultimately a question about Africa bearing witness to itself in African Pentecostalism, and about Pentecostalism expressing itself in an African context.
The study of this religious movement, then, is not only about African Pentecostalism, but also about Africans bearing witness to their particular mode of being Pentecostal. It tells the story of the multi-directional openness of African Pentecostal social life without applying a constrictive universalizing framework to the fragmentary nature of African Pentecostalism. The movement is an assemblage of practices, ideas and theologies, and interpretations of reality, whose tangled roots burrow deep into the past, present, and future segments of African temporality. African Pentecostalism, like any other human endeavor, is full of fragments, and to understand it scholars must think in parts rather than in unified cultural wholes.
Prisoners, Ransoms, and Slavery in the Maghrib
Russell Hopley
The topic of prisoners, ransoms, and slavery in the Maghrib (that is, the lands of the Islamic west—the area that today encompasses North Africa, and historically, also the regions of Iberia and Sicily that came under Muslim rule) is of considerable chronological and geographical scope extending from the earliest establishment of Islamic rule in the region during the second half of the 7th century, persisting to the final decades of the 20th century, and enslaving or otherwise taking prisoner peoples from areas as geographically diverse as West Africa, the southern coastal regions of Europe, and as far north as Ireland and Iceland. The practice of slavery and the taking of prisoners in the Maghrib are thus of substantial historical significance. Yet, it is only in comparatively recent times that this complex topic has drawn the attention of scholars. Therefore, our understanding of slavery and the taking of prisoners in the Maghrib, especially during the medieval period, remains in its incipience.
Samuel Ajayi Crowther: African and Yoruba Missionary Bishop
Andrew Barnes
Samuel Ajayi Crowther was a Church Missionary Society (CMS) missionary bishop charged with evangelizing the territories that became modern Nigeria. Over the last decades of the 19th century Crowther was the best-known Christian of African descent in the British empire. Pious offerings from British Christians allowed him to build a network of mission stations and schools in the Niger bishopric, as his territories were called. Crowther's career ended in tragedy with a group of English CMS missionaries that traveled to his bishopric to dismiss as either corrupt or immoral most of the African missionary agents Crowther had recruited over the decades. Crowther resigned his office in protest against what he felt was the usurpation of his authority. Crowther died a short time later. Most of the historical scholarship since Crowther's death (1891) has been concerned with assessments of two things: Crowther's missionary strategies and the circumstances behind the events at the end of his career. The events at the end of his life have drawn the greatest amount of attention, but as argued in this article, Crowther is better appreciated for the revolutionary ways in which he rethought the missiological ideas of Henry Venn, his patron and mentor, and applied these ideas to the evangelization of his territories. The schools established under Crowther's direction offered students a combination of skills aimed at making those students competitive in the society created by the expansion of British overrule in the lands that became Nigeria. The appeal of his schools drew many Africans toward the Anglican Church. By the end of his life, however, Crowther's schools were coming under increasing criticism from Europeans for making Africans too competitive with Europeans.


text:
|Mississippi Tornado Victims Need Our Help!
[sigplus] Critical error: Image gallery folder _branches/jackson/mstornado is expected to be a path relative to the image base folder specified in the back-end.We are deeply saddened by the loss and the damage because of the Tornado in Southern Mississippi. Our hearts and thoughts go to all of those who were affected by the Tornado but people need more than that.
Federal Government has declared a major disaster in the State of Mississippi following a massive tornado that destroyed or heavily damaged more than 800 homes in the southern part of the state.
Raindrop Helping Hands launches a campaign that focuses on all aspects of the relief efforts following Tornado pass through Southern counties of Mississippi. Please send us your generous donation. Funds collected through the Helping Hands' account will be delivered to the authorized people in the region.
You can make your donations by:
* Check: Please make your checks payable to: "Raindrop Helping Hands" and place the memo as "Mississippi Tornado". The check should be sent to 900 E. County Line Rd. Suite: 201A Ridgeland, MS-39157.
* Google Checkout: Please click to Donate Thru Google Checkout button on the right side of the website and choose "Mississippi Tornado Relief" to make donation.
We appreciate your kind donations and even a small contribution will help to reduce the pain of the Tornado.
The Mississippi Emergency Management Agency says Sunday's storms destroyed or heavily damaged more than 800 homes in the southern part of the state. The majority of those were in Hattiesburg and Petal, with most of the rest in Lamar County.
Here is some photos from the city of Petal where about a hundred houses destroyed and families are waiting for help!


text:
Power Bites: Celestial "Black Out"
by Stephen James O'Meara
The gravitational pull of a black hole is so powerful that not even light can escape its grip. Indeed, the classical view of a black hole is that of an object that draws energy in, not out.
So, imagine the surprise when Joern Wilms (Tuebingen University, Germany) and an international team of astronomers observed for the first time energy being drawn out of a black hole!
The observations actually were made by the European Space Agency's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission satellite, which was imaging a black hole in the core of MCG-6-30-15, a galaxy 100 million light-years from Earth.
Many galaxies (including ours) have black holes at their cores, but the black hole in MCG-6-30-15 is supermassive—containing the mass of millions to billions of suns compressed within a region smaller than our solar system. The gravity in a supermassive black hole is so intense that the very fabric of space twists around the black hole, dragging cablelike magnetic field lines along with it. As the black hole spins, it pumps energy out through these magnetic "cables" into the chaotic gas whipping around it. In turn, the already intense hot gas (from the sheer force of crushing gravity) gets even hotter.
The action appears to be following the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy), which states that energy lost from the black hole must be transferred to its surroundings. So the black hole is acting like an electric dynamo, which is most interesting indeed!
A dynamo is a physical system that converts mechanical energy into magnetic energy—such as hydroelectricity on Earth. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated from flowing water, as when water accumulated behind a dam is channeled downward to power the motion of a generator (essentially a wire loop revolving in a magnetic field), which in turn produces an electric current. The black hole, then, is the celestial version of an enormous hydroelectric power plant.
- What is a dynamo?
- What role does gravity play in a supermassive black hole?
- What role can gravity play in a hydroelectric plant?
- Why does the article state that a black hole is like an enormous hydroelectric plant?


text:
Modern style is provided by the Linear Amiata New Khaki Manual Ignition Fire Pit with Open Hood - NG, making it a perect fit for the 21st century home. It features strong reinforced hybrid concrete construction for durability, while its linear burner provides an enchanting channel of flames. Combined with its sleek design, this fire pit will add a true sense of sophistication to your home's outdoor living area.
- Glass-fiber reinforced concrete construction
- Provides between 60,000 and 120,000 BTUs of heat depending on size
- Available in Natural Gas or Liquid Propane
- CSA approved burner for automatic ignition units
- Emergency shut off available
Capture quality with the carefully crafted Linear Amiata New Khaki Manual Ignition Fire Pit with Open Hood - NG. Each one has gone through a hand finishing process that includes mutiple stains and washes. A final wax seal is applied at the end to protect against weather damage. This linear fire pit is also simple to install and can be outfitted for manual or automated operation.


text:
- Inside Athletics
- Tickets
- Fan Zone
- Media Zone
- Social
- Shop
- Donate Now
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Oct. 7, 2009) - The ETSU women's basketball players and staff took time out of its busy schedule to volunteer at the 11th Annual Food Show on Wednesday morning at Freedom Hall.
As part of National School Lunch Week, this year's theme was "All-Star Lunch," so many of the Lady Buccaneer players and staff helped in various ways - which included a meet and greet with the team, autograph sessions, basketball drills, and acting as role models for fitness/nutritious lifestyles and academics. In addition to those activities, the ETSU ticket office donated a "Plank Pack" to be raffled off to one lucky fan.
"This was a win-win opportunity for all of us," said Karen McGahey, the Food Service Director for Johnson City Schools. "Today's function allowed the ETSU women's basketball program an opportunity to interact with the local students in the Tri-Cities region, while teaching them about athletics and what it takes to be a collegiate student-athlete. I understand the time commitment of student-athletes with practice and academics, so I was very pleased with the turn out from the Lady Bucs."
Over 400 students, school administrators, parents, and teachers attended the food show from the school systems of:
For the past two years, the "All-Star Lunch" has included physical activity as a part of the food show to illustrate the need for movement - including a well-maintained nutritional plan for a balanced and healthy lifestyle.
The ETSU Department of Intercollegiate Athletics takes pride in its community service activities and strives for 100 percent participation from its student-athletes, coaches and administrators throughout the year.
For more information on Lady Buccaneer basketball and the ETSU Department of Intercollegiate Athletics community service efforts visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


text:
The nearly 90-year history of the Twilight Theatre is the history of the film industry itself. More than 1,500 miles from Los Angeles, the small ornate building on Main Street experienced the same ups and down as its Hollywood counterparts. From the early years of silent one-reeler comedies to the introduction of the "talkie," the Twilight was there.
The nearly 90-year history of the Twilight Theatre is the history of the film industry itself. More than 1,500 miles from Los Angeles, the small ornate building on Main Street experienced the same ups and down as its Hollywood counterparts. From the early years of silent one-reeler comedies to the introduction of the "talkie," the Twilight was there.
Local businessman Charles Spainhour officially opened Greensburg's newest theater on April 16, 1917 with a stage performance of "Fine Feathers" by the Jack Benjamin Stock Company.
The next week it began showing films. The first film to screen at "the auditorium" (renamed the Twilight Theatre in 1923) is not known, but Kiowa County Signal and Greensburg Progressive advertising archives show a timeline of film screenings that span nearly all of film history.
In 1917, the year the Twilight theatre opened, films had matured at a lightning pace.
Production companies were making new movies every week and motion picture distributors shipped films all over the world.
Movies were being made in southern California after film companies wanted to take advantage of the endless Los Angeles sunshine.
The movie star grew out of the ever-maturing story lines, growing loyalty in audiences and increasing lengths of movies. But with expansion and success came growing pains.
The controversial blockbuster
Despite its abhorrent portrayal of African-Americans by white actors and its depiction of the Ku-Klux Klan as heroes, the 1915 film "Birth of a Nation" was a financial and critical success in the United States and abroad. The 3-hour silent spectacle directed by D.W. Griffith, which tells the story of reconstruction in the post-Civil War south, had extensive battle scenes and used hundreds of actors and special effects.
In its first year it earned nearly $10 million (almost $212 million in today's dollars when accounting for inflation) and earned $50 million over its first 35 years in theaters.
The movie is highly regarded by film scholars for its firsts, including filming night scenes, camera movement, split screens and camera angles.
The Twilight Theatre showed "Birth of a Nation" first on May 14, 1924 (nearly 10 years after its first release) at two showings.
Gerald R. Butters, in his book "Banned in Kansas: Motion Picture Censorship 1915-1966" (University of Missouri Press, 2007), explains the lengthy and highly politicized history behind the 10-year ban on the film.
The Kansas Board of Censorship, which at that time regulated films distributed in Kansas, Gov. Arthur Capper and his successor Gov. Henry J. Allen all fought to keep the film from being shown in the state.
"The only way to make that picture moral… is to eliminate everything after the title," said Capper in a 1917 letter to the State Board of Appeals.
A November 1917 article in The Signal mentions that the theater would begin showing "super features", including "Birth of a Nation" on Monday nights beginning in January 1918. Spainhour likely promoted the film after the state censorship board approved the release of the film in late 1917, but approval was reversed soon after.
Interestingly, Gov. Capper made a speaking appearance at the Twilight on Dec. 16 of the same year to promote a Red Cross blood drive.
Birth of a Nation, based on the Thomas Dixon Jr. novel "The Clansman," would eventually screen throughout Kansas in 1924 after newly appointed governor Jonathan M. Davis approved release of the film.
In his book, Butters speculates that the political influence of the KKK in Kansas, which at the time numbered in the tens of thousands, may have played a role in the decision.
The Twilight showed the film a second time on Oct. 24, 1925. "This picture that was barred from Kansas for 10 years will be withdrawn from the state on October 26th, we are able to get it here for one day only," wrote the ad, though it wasn't banned again.
The Picture Show
In the early 1920s the Twilight was showing movies Monday through Saturday. Spainhour showed lots of comedies, including the wildly popular Mack Sennet films. Western film hero Tom Mix appeared to be a local favorite, with at least one of his films showing nearly every month.
Business must have been good because Spainhour closed the theater in March 1923 to renovate the interior.
In an article in The Signal a reporter wrote that "the building [will be renovated] and in various ways in improving the appearance of the theatre in every respect."
Tickets were 10 cents for floor seats and 30 cents if you wanted to sit in the balcony.
Movies starred future screen legends like Harold Lloyd, Gloria Swanson, Richard Talmadge and Wallace Reid.
On Feb. 11-12, 1924 you could see Mary Pickford in "Through the Back Door."
"It's as wholesome as a healthy child and as charming as a burst of glorious sunshine."
As with many theaters across the country, the Twilight played shorts before the features.
Most advertisements included "Aesop's Fables" and "Pathe News" with feature presentations.
"Aesop's Fables" were a series of animated shorts created and produced by Paul Terry, the founder of Terrytoons who would later create iconic characters Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle. "Pathe News" was a bi-weekly newsreel that showed people, events and news from all over the world.
Spirit of Kiowa
Attendees at the 1927 Kiowa County Free Fair became movie stars when a cameraman filmed events of the day.
An advertisement in an October 1927 Kiowa County Signal read "If the weather conditions permit the taking of the Moving Picture tomorrow — Watch For Dates — It will be shown later at the Twilight Theatre."
A film titled "Spirit of Kiowa" was shown Oct. 17-18, 1927 with the normal schedule.
It is unknown if a print of the film still exists.
A small notice in the previous weeks Signal mentioned that Miss Luella Branstetter of Greensburg starred in the film. Luella (Branstetter) Williams was a lifelong resident of Greensburg and a member of the Greensburg High School Class of 1925. She passed away September 2011 at 103 years of age.
While Greensburg residents were sitting into the Twilight, watching themselves on the silver screen, a popular entertainer captivated Hollywood audiences when he spoke the words "You ain't heard nothing yet."
Before the invention of the sound film, theaters had accompanying pianists. Local musicians would choose a "theme" to play. The songs could differ from town-to-town or even screening-to-screening. But musicians could be expensive especially when a typical theater could have 12-15 shows per week.
Spainhour's entry in the Kiowa County History Book, written by his daughter Suzan Stremel, says "Della Mae (his first wife) sold tickets and operated the Edison music box."
The theater likely had an Edison diamond disc player, produced between 1912-1929. It was operated like a modern record player and could have provided musical accompaniment to most Twilight Theatre films.
An October 1925 advertisement mentions that the film "The Ten Commandments," directed by Cecil B. Demille, would include an "Orchestra with Picture." Very few films were advertised with orchestral accompaniment and were probably uncommon.
Al Jolsen's three spoken lines in "The Jazz Singer," which debuted on Oct. 6, 1927, may have brought more attention to "talkies," especially considering his already well-established fame, but the migration of the film industry from silent to sound took years.
Some argue that movies released in the late 1920's were some of the finest silent films ever made. Fritz Lang released his futuristic silent masterpiece "Metropolis" that year.
Clara Bow starred in "Wings," which won a Best Picture Oscar at the first-ever Academy Awards, held in 1927. It was the only silent film to win a Best Picture Oscar until 2012's "The Artist."
"Wings" played at the Twilight on April 22-25, 1929 during its second release.
"Positively only one show each evening," wrote an advertisement. "Owing to the length of Wings, which is in 15 reels and takes two and one-half hours to show, there will be only one show each evening."
But audiences wanted sound, and theater owners, resistant to changing their established profit models, were forced to change.
Spainhour had committed to converting the Twilight to a sound theater in 1929 and spent the first half of the year quietly investigating and researching sound equipment.
A small news brief in the June 13, 1929 Kiowa County Signal, broke the story.
"[Spainhour] is experimenting at present but remaining safe from any definite tieup until he is sure of his ground," it wrote. "If the pictures suddenly talk out loud some evening, don't be too shocked."
As with any new technology, owners who wanted to show sound pictures had to make decisions on equipment. Most were undecided on which of the two competing sound projectors would be the best investment.
The Vitaphone system, owned by Warner Bros., synced a record player and a projector together. The Jazz Singer had used the Vitaphone system, though its debut was nearly a year earlier in the 3-hour long Don Juan, starring John Barrymore. It was cheap to produce the disks and required less complicated machinery, however it was prone to becoming out-of-sync and the discs needed to be replaced regularly.
Movietone, which would eventually win out over the Vitaphone system, was a sound-on-film system that would record sounds on the same strip of film as the picture. The Fox Film Corporation owned the Movietone system. It is very similar to the technique still used today.
On Wed. June 27, a Twilight Theatre advertisement in the Kiowa County Signal, alongside a schedule of films, announced "They will TALK to you, July 8-9-10."
On July 8, 1929, the Roland West-directed "Alibi" was Greensburg's first "talkie" and played for three days at the Twilight Theatre. The black and white drama starring Chester Morris and Regis Toomey told the story of a murder suspect who kidnaps a policeman's daughter.
"At last we are able to offer the public talking pictures," declared a full-page advertisement announcing the milestone. "Will our equipment work perfectly? No. Will we ever get out of synchronization? Yes. Because talking pictures are not perfected things at this time. But we do claim to be able to show talking pictures as good as anyone and better than many, because we have waited and have profited by others' experiments. We could have started two weeks ago, but we preferred to wait till we had our equipment right. We pronounce it ready and we invite the public to our first talking picture."
As upgrading to sound was an expensive process, theater owners usually chose either the Vitaphone or the Movietone. Spainhour purchased one of each.
With both systems, the Twilight was able to show almost every film available.
Even though The Twilight was a small theater in a relatively small market it was one of the first 800 theaters in the U.S. to show sound films. There were about 22,000 silent film theaters in operation in 1929, with The Twilight among the first 3 percent of theaters to make the switch.
Here is something you will be interested in
While Spainhour was searching for sound equipment, he also introduced color films to local audiences. With much less fanfare than his grand introduction to sound, the Twilight Theatre showed its first color movie Feb. 21-23, 1929.
"Ever hear of third dimension pictures? Pictures made in their natural colors," wrote a February 1929 advertisement in The Signal. "Pictures made so you think you are looking at the real thing. Don't fail to see this something new in pictures. No raise in admission, just an added feature."
The film "60 Minutes from Broadway" is an unremarkable documentary film. Though it was cleverly billed to have "animals, freaks and colors" it is a simple zoo picture.
But, while the film itself was only an average one, it showed that Spainhour was again looking into the future. While many theater owners resisted change, it seems that he embraced it.
Nothing undone
Allot changed in the first 15 years of the Twilight Theater's existence.
Movies would continue to change over the next 80 years but they would never again go through so many changes in such a short period of time. When silent moving pictures became loud colorful epics seemingly overnight, it took a savvy businessman like Spainhour to not only see where movies were going, but to make sure his theatre got there.
"We have spared neither time, labor or money to make our equipment second to none," he wrote in a 1929 advertisement. "We have had our projectors rebuilt. We've added the new series 3 lenses which is the last word in projection and brings the pictures out much sharper and clearer. We have installed an Arctic Nu-Air cooler, which will make the house comfortable on the hottest nights. In fact we have left nothing undone to make our house up-to-date. Why? Because the people who patronize the Twilight Theatre are the most appreciative people on earth and we want to continue to enjoy your confidence and good will."
This is the second of a five-part series on the history and cultural impact of the Twilight Theatre.


text:
A Startup Weekend for the record books: the SLC community is fo realzTim Falls
A few weeks ago, I took a tiny plane over the Rockies to Salt Lake City to attend our first Startup Weekend as Global Sponsors. Our good pal (and loyal customer), Al Doan, was the local organizer of @SWSaltLake, and he did an amazing job facilitating the first ever SW for the SLC startup community.
When Al moved to SLC a few months ago, he set out to play a role in strengthening the community. He noticed an untapped potential, given the plethora of talented, intelligent people that seemed to be missing a venue in which they could express themselves and create new things. People told him that a Startup Weekend couldn't happen – "No one will come out on Sunday" … "It's been tried before, and it failed," he was told.
Al wasn't convinced, and as it turns out, the community was right there with him. Personally, as soon as I found out that Al was behind the effort to bring Startup Weekend to a new city, I was committed, and thus, so was SendGrid.
Fast forward a few months, and there we were – over 100 entrepreneurs in an auditorium, networking and discussing the ideas they would soon be pitching. An additional 50+ people in the room just to take it all in. After a quick intro, with the help of the #VegasTech crew, who drove down for the weekend, we all joined in on a fun icebreaker activity, which resulted in the best SW team name EVER – "Unicorn Sex Appeal"
Next up: pitches…and there were a whopping 57 people who presented their ideas.
From those 57 pitches, 14 teams were formed and eventually demonstrated their products at the end of the weekend. But before we cover the end of things, let's discuss all the awesomeness that was the 54 hours of SW SLC…
- People worked hard and relentlessly. Late nights were the norm: on Friday night/Saturday morning, the last team standing got kicked out of our venue by security at 3am.
- There were consistent, random outbreaks of applause – celebrating milestones being reached and maintaining a level of enthusiasm for all that I've never before witnessed at an event like this.
- Lots of giveaways were awarded to random winners – Nerf guns, Lego sets, gift cards, AR Drones, Arduino sets and more.
- Lots of food was consumed, friendships were formed and legitimate companies were launched to solve real problems.
- There was even an icing in the midst of all the madness, but I'll leave it to you to find the evidence of that event… hint: it's on the interwebs, somewhere!
In the end, there were three overall winners, but, as cliché as it sounds, all the teams came out victorious. And more importantly, the SLC/Utah startup community will see the true spoils of this triumph.
What amazed me about this event was the widespread progress that it created, for every individual and the community at large. Connections were created that would have never occurred in the absence of this event. An energy, formerly suppressed in a social vacuum, emerged within each member of the community. All of this is evidenced by the subsequent actions of those who were involved: sincere thank you tweets to the sponsors, a Linked In group for all to stay in touch and actual people using the tools that were built!
So, why does this all matter?
It should serve as tangible proof of how one single event can change the dynamic within a community. One weekend can provide a kick start to a community that simply needs to turn its energy from potential to kinetic. If you find yourself in such a community, and you want to be the one who issues the proverbial kick-in-the-pants, then please take heed. And then take action.
This story encapsulates SendGrid's motivations to support organizations and events such as Startup Weekend on a global scale. To be part of something like this is what makes all of our travel, investment and dedicated man-hours totally worthwhile.
On behalf of the SendGrid Developer Relations and community team, thanks to Startup Weekend and the SLC community for including us. We look forward to more awesomeness throughout 2012 and beyond, in Utah and everywhere else!
UPDATE: I forgot to mention this awesome recap, from Trevor McKendrick. His writeup goes into great detail, discussing each of the 14 demos from the final presentations. Just another sign that the community cares!


text:
Wood Shop
We specialize in innovative solutions that use wood products to integrate and energize environments.
Our 10,000 square foot Wood & Casework Shop allows designers to create practically any idea for us to build.
We create custom wood pieces, fixtures, props, products and structures that offer dimensional opportunities for consumers to interact and engage with.


text:
A wealth of Zine-ness! From booking your own shows to a guide to every pizza restaurant on the Upper East Side of NYC to the best in comics and personal writings… we've got it all!
Beer, Bikes, & Bridges: Notes On Portland, Oregon.
Bringing It All Back Home.
Broken Pencil. Vol. 51: The Magazine Of Zine Culture And The Independent Arts.
Cometbus. Vol. 54: In China With Green Day.
Duplex Planet. Vol. 187
The East Village Inky. Vol. 46
In Every Town: An All-Ages Manifesto.
Just So You Know. Vol. 2
Laterborn. Vol. 7
Latin American Independence (1810-1824).
Milkyboots. Vol. 10
Nostromo. Vol. 1
Papercutter. Vol. 15
A Rough DIY Zine: On Developing B&W Film.
She Must Be Having A Bad Day: The Cult Of The Female Food Service Worker.
Show Me The Money. Vol. 31
Slice Harvester Quarterly. Vol. 2: Upper East Side.
Tenacious. Vol. 20: Art And Writings From Women In Prison.
You Don't Get There From Here. Vol.18