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This Guest Article is by my friend, Angel Lemus, of the Zentokukai Okinawa Shorinryu Toude Association. Angel was a writer and editor of Bugeisha, one of the finest Karate journals ever published. He teaches at the Ninchokan Dojo, in Los Angeles, California. This article was submitted, partially in response to my post, Kuzushi -- Breaking Balance.
Inside Out
Martial Arts and Sports: Can you tell the difference?
By Angel Lemus
Two Definitions from Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary:
SportIn today's busy world we see more and more emphasis on sports competition everywhere we look. In the past we were limited to the basics - Olympics, or amateur/professional sports (Baseball, Football, Boxing, Tennis, Golf etc). Recently, clever marketing has brought us things like the ultimate fighting challenge, survival shows, extreme everything, and even remote controlled robot wars with instant replays and sports announcers - 100% unadulterated total entertainment.
Etymology: Middle English, to divert, disport, short for disporten
Date: 15th century
1 a : to amuse oneself : b : to engage in a sport
2 a : to mock or ridicule something b : to speak or act in jest : Trifle
3 [2sport] : to deviate or vary abruptly from: Mutate
Etymology: Middle English, from Latin martialis of Mars, from Mart-, Mars
Date: 14th century
1 : of, relating to, or suited for war or a warrior
2 : relating to an army or to military life
3 : experienced in or inclined to war : Warlike
There is nothing wrong with most competition or sports, they foster discipline, hard work, teamwork, and the pursuit of excellence. Historically, tests of physical prowess in the form of athletic skills (combative and non combative) have been in practice for centuries. The Olympics for example have noncombative events like running and jumping, and some that stem from martial combat, like wrestling and the javelin throw.
The middle ages had the famed jousts where knights simulated life and death collisions on horseback. But the Roman Empire which brought us the Gladiators (from the Latin word gladius: sword) was the real ultimate fighting challenge where mortal combat and sport came together in their purest form. It was certainly no sport for the gladiators (as we define a sport today); in most cases it was a fight to the death. But it was a sport and pasttime to the spectators who watched it from the stands of the Coliseum in Rome like we sit at home today watching a pay-per-view fight.
In today's modern world of martial arts practices we find two main branches. On one side you will find the traditionalists who do not compete in tournaments and practice martial arts employing old time training methods, principles and focus mainly on self defense. And on the other side you have the modern sports practitioners, who train just as hard and sometimes even harder, but have an altogether different motive that is driven by competition, winning and ranking. There are of course those who fit somewhere in the middle of these two extremes, but this article is not about these folks.
That being said, what makes these two groups different from each other? Is it that one group competes and the other does not? The answer is not that simple, and involves complex physical and psychological perspectives. Kata, which is the "old testament" of Karate teaching, will be the focus of comparison to illustrate some of these differences. We will explore sport kata as it is done for competition, and martial kata as it is done to develop real life combative-survival skills.
Before I begin, I need to stress that this is not an article bashing sport karate, for I have nothing but the utmost respect for those who compete, and for their dedication in pursuit of excellence through that medium. Many years ago I was heavily involved with competition in sports karate and I loved it. The purpose of this article is to inform, clarify and enlighten, especially the young new generation of sports karate practitioners who may not be aware of the other side.
Worlds Apart
Sports karate and martial karate look very similar to the average onlooker who has not had the opportunity to be shown the differences. Focusing on karate, you will see similar stances, kata (prearranged forms), teaching and practicing methods. Most similarities therefore are "external" in nature, things which can be seen by others or by the practitioner if he/she were to look in a mirror.
In a sports oriented school where the teaching is based on tournament competition, the teacher's primary end goal is to have the student perform the kata in such a way that permits onlooking judges to clearly see every single move and have the time to discern and evaluate each posture. They look at the visual elements of the stance (width, height, foot positioning, body posture etc…), with less emphasis on how they got there and what happened between each posture. This is very important, for if the kata were to be done any other way; too fast and/or fluid without the pauses we typically see today, judges would have a hard time evaluating the kata. The established criteria for judging mentioned above, would not be applicable and presumably the performer would get a lower score than someone who was purposely stopping to show each move.
Let's explore some of the fundamental principles that differ between sport karate and karate-jutsu (martial art).
A Balancing Act
Sports balance is like a triangle, extremely sturdy and immovable at the point where a practitioner is demonstrating a stance in a movement in kata. Why is this so? Because of the need to pause and stop all movement in order for judges to have a good look at you. Sports karate, and the way sports kata competitions have developed over the years, have created a unique "language of movement", a dialect from it's parent, martial kata. This dialect uses extremely low and wide stances which are impressive to look at, and certainly demonstrate physical discipline in this area. But does it translate the original intent? The answers would have to be "not really".
Martial balance in kata practice is the total opposite, it should feel wobbly or in a state of flux where the practitioner feels as if about to fall over in the direction of the next movement. Moving this way emphasizes no pauses or abrupt stops in kata like it's sport counterpart. This does not mean that there are no pauses in a martial kata, there are, but even in pauses one would be slightly off balance, ready to fall into the next movement.
Martial kata practice focuses on the internal feel of the movement, as opposed to sport kata which is to focus on how you look externally to the onlooker or judge.
According to Oshiro Sensei, some of the most senior instructors going back one or two generations feel that if they or their instructors were to compete in kata today they would loose because they would look wobbly and/or give the perception that they did not have good balance or timing. If you were to see some of the old film footage of Okinawan masters doing kata, most of them look somewhat fragile and off balance in their demonstrations and not very powerful at all. One could easily assume this is so because they were very old at the time that motion film cameras were available to shoot their performances, and that they were much more dynamic and powerful at a younger age. But according to those who trained with them this was not necessarily the case. They looked the way they did on purpose because they had no reason to stop/pause or be forceful. They were not performing for competition or to be judged by anyone.
Are there really stances in Karate?
We have heard at some point or another that stances are for fighting. This statement is both true and false. Let's look at the true part; yes there are positions like front stance, cat stance, etc… these are modern day teaching tools to introduce new students quickly to certain postures and to attach a name to each so that they can be quickly memorized. But learning a bunch of postures does not convey the meaning of what they represent, especially when it comes to a combative scenario in which the combatant is never in one place for more than a fraction of a second at a time. The best example that can be given is in tournaments today: when was the last time anyone saw someone in the sparring division use a cat stance or a cross legged stance?
You will hear some say that stances are for balance, or being rooted to the ground so you can deliver a more powerful strike. Oshiro Sensei points out, that "one does not need, nor should be rooted to anything in order to deliver the most powerful of strikes, it is totally the opposite." So what is this secret message that stances are trying to tell us? Stances by themselves do not tell you anything other than a weird way to position your feet and hold your body up.
"The secret of stances is not to be in them, but to move thru them".
When you look at it this way, stances become almost invisible, or part of the background of a picture where you are focusing on the "subject" or foreground object. The point of focus in martial kata or combat is the intent and effectiveness of the move which you are doing, the punch, block or kick and to react into the next scenario. Therefore stances should not be emphasized in martial Karate.
According to Oshiro Sensei, in the "old days" teachers would tell the students "follow me" as they demonstrate kata. They did not have names for the individual stances nor did they have books, handouts, and lists like in today's dojos. The teacher had an internal sense of movement from one point in the kata to another and knew what body postures would translate his body weight to deliver the next strike. The student had to follow the teacher and learn by moving in a flowing manner to the timing and tempo of the kata. Old time training was like an "apprenticeship" program where one learns a trade, and learns it to be the successor of the teacher or master.
In sports kata, the emphasis in weight distribution in stances is over emphasized in comparison to martial kata. In martial kata, movement through the postures is more neutral and flowing, so that an onlooker could not follow your footwork, therefore predicting your next movement would be difficult.
As you can see, it is literally like night and day when comparing philosophies in the way sports karate and martial karate use stances. If you competed in any tournament today and did not emphasize and "illustrate in picture perfect form" the stances, nor did you pause long enough in them, the judges would clearly think that you are not disciplined and poorly demonstrating each "frame" of the kata, thus you would get a low score.
On the other hand, in the kumite or sparring part of the tournament, the same judges would totally ignore stances and pausing. In total contrast, you are expected to move constantly, and move extremely fast. The end goal has nothing to do with the way you "looked" getting that point, the only important thing is that you got the "point".
So why is it that we do not see tournament competitors fight like the way they demonstrate kata? If kata is supposed to teach us how to fight, it should look and feel very close to the actual fighting, should it not?
There is yet another aspect of stances that is not addressed in sports, which is that stances by themselves are weapons no different than a fist is used to strike an opponent. A stance can be used to break not only the opponent's balance, but also his leg joints (ankle and knee). A stance can also be used to block an attacking kick. Stances are also the devices used by many of the grappling arts (Judo, Jujitsu Aikido) to throw the opponent off balance. All these elements are parts of martial karate and are completely overlooked by sports for obvious reasons of safety (and of course litigation).
The difference between sports and martial kata
"In kata, you are fighting multiple opponents coming at you from multiple angles"
We have all heard these explanations over the years, but neither is 100% accurate. Kata is not really for fighting when you are doing it. And you are certainly not fighting multiple opponents. Kata was not really designed that way. In order to really fight, you need to have someone "REALLY" trying to hurt you, so it is by definition, impossible to say that you are fighting in kata. You are definitely pretending, but not really fighting.
The primary lesson in kata is to teach you how to "move" properly. The word "move" is very important in this context because if you are to learn how to move for the purpose of fighting, it should be smooth, fast and fluid without unnecessary pauses. Why has sports kata become so different from martial kata? A lot of it has to do with history and cultural differences. Two of the main reasons kata has lost much of it's meaning are: 1) the opening up of karate to the general public and teaching of karate to children in public schools; 2) the adoption of military training tactics and attitudes into karate teaching by the Japanese universities in the early 1920s. In both of these instances, the old time master-disciple relationship and individualized instruction was lost. Oshiro Sensei states that much of the "jutsu" or martial destructive techniques where never taught to this generation of students because of the emphasis on competition.
In addition, the teaching in large numbers (especially young kids) prohibits individual attention. Techniques are broken down by the numbers so that everyone is doing the same thing at the same time and the teacher can see better (much like general military training). So kata practice became a move "by the numbers" practice and it's original fluidity and smoothness was lost over time. Teaching "by the numbers" is OK when first teaching the sequence to a beginner, but once the sequence is learned it should not be practiced this way any longer. Continuing to do this is detrimental to the student's ability to learn fluid transitions between each posture. Many schools today get stuck in the "by the numbers" method of practicing kata and you see beginners and high ranking black belts moving the same way. Thus you see little to no difference between an advanced practitioner and a beginner.
Another misconception about kata is the notion of there being beginner and advanced kata. This is not really the case. There are long and short kata, and there are some with more complex movements than others, but what makes it look basic and advanced is not the kata itself but the person doing it. In sports competition today, since there is very little distinction between junior's kata and senior practitioner's kata (they both move and look very similar due to the stop and go movements), we find that what are "deemed" advanced kata are being taught to junior practitioners (even those under black belt rank) in order to be more competitive.
The REAL difference between an advanced kata and a beginning kata is never the kata itself, but the person doing it.
Other factors which make sports kata very different from martial kata is that in sports, there is attention payed to your overall presentation; the way your gi looks, your facial expressions when you kiai, the number of kiai, how strong you look on the outside. None of these things matter in martial kata, for all these are show and presentation factors. In martial kata all that matters is that you (the person doing the kata) understand the principles of movement, power transfer from the inside to the outside (your opponent) and the psychological state of mind in a real combative scenario. It is a very introspective process where the "outside" is of little importance to the person practicing martial kata.
Unfortunately the mass propagation of karate to the world, which was a good thing, had a very detrimental side effect, the degradation of its understanding. Thus generations have been practicing kata "by the numbers" and each new generation who remains in this context of practice gets further and further away from its original intent and understanding.
What is power?
Power in martial arts is a very misunderstood concept. In western society the general concept of power in an individual is having big muscles and/or being big in size. Sports karate in general, having no real way to focus power (never hitting anything or using the art for it's original intent) has over time, focused power externally. An example is; while performing kata, the tightening of the muscles all over the body and the general stiffness that implies kata being an isometric exercise which shows off how "powerful" the performer is to the onlooker (or judge). By tightening the body, the practitioner keeps his energy within his/her own body. Let's put this in a combative context to illustrate the problem; if you are stiff when impacting a target, the energy transfer will be minimal since it is being held inside of the hitter's the body. Of course someone punching this way can hurt another, but the amount of damage would increase tremendously if the technique were done properly. This way of dealing with power can be labeled as "outside to inside"- everything is going back into the practitioner.
Power in martial kata is the total opposite. Again it does not matter how one looks to the onlooker, the only thing that matters is what happens when impact is made to the opponent or target. One should look soft and very relaxed on the outside, in fact, the weaker you look the more powerful your strike will be (is this REALLY true?). This is definitely not a good recipe for sports kata, for if you did your kata this way in tournament you would be seen as lacking kime (focus) and of course judges would give you a low score. This way of dealing with power can be labeled as "inside to outside", everything is going out to the target.
Inside out
The goal of this article is to point out some of the differences between sports and martial karate and to plant a seed of curiosity within the reader to explore deeper into the martial aspects of the art and not to accept anything at its face value. Again, there is nothing wrong with sports, but to call a sport a martial art is misleading.
No one competes in sports karate forever. Unfortunately many dedicated sports karate competitors hang up their belts permanently when their competition days are over. The personal study of karate as a martial art, liberates one from the limitations and restricting rules of sport. Thus, knowing that there is more to karate than sports and competition, perhaps the end of the sports phase can lead to a new beginning and a rediscovery of the art in it's original form.
Author Information:
Sensei Angel Lemus is a Shorinji-Ryu Karate practitioner and co founder of the Okinawa Shorinji-ryu Karate-do Zentokukai, an organization devoted to preserving the Karate of Chotoku Kyan. He is also a member Sensei of the RBKD under Shihan Oshiro and teaches in West Los Angeles, California. He can be reached at email@example.com.
Shihan Toshihiro Oshiro is a widely recognized authority on the history and techniques of traditional Okinawan martial arts, and with his dojo, he is dedicated to the preservation and propagation of Matsubayashi Shorin-ryu karate and Yamanni Chinen-ryu bojutsu. He the Chief Instructor in the USA for the RBKD (Ryuku Bujustsu Kenkyu Doyukai), an organization dedicated to the research and development of Okinawan Martial Arts, Sensei Oshiro is considered the premiere National Martial Arts Weapons expert in the United States.
Oshiro Karate Dojo was founded in 1981. The dojo is located in San Mateo, California For more information visit http://www.oshirodojo.com


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PacifiCorp and the California Independent System Operator Corp. (CAISO) have released a memorandum of understanding that commits the two largest western U.S. grid operators to work toward creating a real-time energy imbalance market (EIM) by October 2014. According to PacifiCorp and CAISO, the partnership will allow electricity to move across the power grid more efficiently and facilitate renewable energy growth in the western U.S.
Authorization to proceed with negotiating a formal agreement between the companies will be considered by the CAISO board of governors during its general meeting in March.
If the policy is implemented, PacifiCorp – which controls two balancing authorities primarily covering portions of six states, including part of northern California – will participate in a co-optimized real-time energy market facilitated by the CAISO. The joint agreement applies only to the EIM service; PacifiCorp is not joining the CAISO and will maintain control of its assets and responsibilities for serving its customers.
"Increased coordination of energy systems in the West is critical if we are to meet important challenges, such as ensuring reliability, keeping costs down for customers and effectively integrating renewable resources," says Greg Abel, PacifiCorp's chairman and CEO. "We're hopeful this agreement between PacifiCorp and the ISO signals a significant step toward broader coordination across the West."
Participants in the EIM voluntarily take advantage of generation resources across the entire EIM region, with the added benefit of more frequent dispatching in real time to optimize available energy supplies with actual power demand. Without an EIM, only generation assets within each balancing authority can be used to cover these short-term gaps.
Dramatic increases in the amount of wind and solar power in recent years require grid operators to hold more flexible generation in reserve to account for the variability of renewable resources, which are dependent on weather conditions, CAISO and PacifiCorp explain, adding that this announcement marks a step toward better management of current and future energy challenges.
The agreement between the parties initiates a public-input process as well as further analysis and negotiations between PacifiCorp and the ISO before full implementation of the expanded EIM.
The EIM would use computer technology to exchange electricity at five-minute intervals, instead of by telephone every hour, as was formerly the case, according to the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), which issued a statement praising the announcement.
"We hope other utilities across the West will join this proven solution for reducing electric bills and allowing more clean energy onto the power grid," says Rob Gramlich, AWEA's interim CEO.
"This is the single most beneficial step that can be taken to use our existing power grid more efficiently," he adds. "In the year 2013, it is about time that electric companies that want to exchange electricity with their neighbors move beyond using telephone calls and manual processes to do so, while much of the rest of the country is using computers and automated processes."
An EIM that has been operated by the Southwest Power Pool for the last six years has already produced hundreds of millions of dollars in net benefits for consumers, according to AWEA.
"Extensive analysis conducted over the last several years indicates that implementing an Energy Imbalance Market across the western U.S. will yield around $1.5 billion in net benefits over its first 10 years," says Michael Goggin, AWEA's manager of transmission policy. "It is time for utilities and regulators to stop studying – and start implementing – this proven tool."

subset: commoncrawl


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Symptoms: when click the "Start Service" button, the status comes back to the green color immediately.
The BlueDUN application allows to enable the bluetooth DUN profile for Android phones; this profile is not officially supported by Google and you need an app to turn on this feature.
Some firmwares (in particular the Motorola, and some HTC / Sony firmwares) don't allow the registration of DUN profile because it seems already registered even if not available.
To check if the DUN profile is available or not for your device/firmware you can trace the systems logs with the Catlog app (download it from Google Play, it is free):
- download and install the Catlog app, open it
- open BluDUN and click the "Start Service" button
- go back to Catlog and filter by BluetoothService
If you find this message:
W/BluetoothService( 448): Attempted to register a reserved UUID: 00001103-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
you will not able to use the BludDUN app.
The Catlog app requires a rooted firmware for Jelly Bean; alternatively you can get the same report connecting the phone to a Windows / Mac or Linux PC:
1. Download the latest Android SDK (SDK Tools Only) for your SO from Google: Android SDK
2. Extract the ZIP file to your desired location
3. To get ADB, you need to install the SDK: Installing the SDK
( execute the SDK Manager and install the "Android SDK Platform Tools" )
Make sure in your phone the option Settings" -> "Developer Options" -> "Debugging" ->"USB debugging" is enabled; open a terminal (cmd) and execute the command in the folder .../android-sdk/platform-tools:
adb logcat
starts dumping debugging information from your handset to the console
adb logcat -f <logfilename>
starts dumping debugging information from your handset to the file <logfilename>
The Android source code is open, so we can discover where is the problem:
If you want enable a profile, you need to call the listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord method of BluetoothAdapter class:
925 public BluetoothServerSocket listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String name, UUID uuid) throws IOException {
927 return createNewRfcommSocketAndRecord(name, uuid, true, true);
928 }
There are 2 parameters: the first one is the name assigned to the new profile (you can see this name from Windows when you list the available BT services), the other is the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) that identifies uniquely the profile type:
The base UUID is 00000000-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
The DUN profile code is 1103;
The complete UUID for DUN profile is : 00001103-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
The listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord method calls the createNewRfcommSocketAndRecord method inside:
999 private BluetoothServerSocket createNewRfcommSocketAndRecord(String name, UUID uuid,
boolean auth, boolean encrypt) throws IOException
and createNewRfcommSocketAndRecord calls:
1035 handle = mService.addRfcommServiceRecord(name, new ParcelUuid(uuid), channel, new Binder());
for registering the service record related to the UUID for a specific bluetooth channel.
The mService object is declared as an interface (IBluetooth); the implementation is the BluetoothService class:
public synchronized int addRfcommServiceRecord(String serviceName, ParcelUuid uuid,
| int channel, IBinder b) {
| mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(BLUETOOTH_PERM, "Need BLUETOOTH permission");
| if (!isEnabledInternal()) return -1;
| if (serviceName == null || uuid == null || channel < 1 ||
| channel > BluetoothSocket.MAX_RFCOMM_CHANNEL) {
| return -1;
| }
| if (BluetoothUuid.isUuidPresent(BluetoothUuid.RESERVED_UUIDS, uuid)) {
| Log.w(TAG, "Attempted to register a reserved UUID: " + uuid);
| return -1;
| }
| int handle = addRfcommServiceRecordNative(serviceName,
| uuid.getUuid().getMostSignificantBits(), uuid.getUuid().getLeastSignificantBits(),
| (short)channel);
| if (DBG) log("new handle " + Integer.toHexString(handle));
| if (handle == -1) {
| return -1;
| }
| int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
| mServiceRecordToPid.put(new Integer(handle), new Integer(pid));
| try {
| b.linkToDeath(new Reaper(handle, pid), 0);
| } catch (RemoteException e) {}
| return handle;
Inside this method you can see the call: BluetoothUuid.isUuidPresent(BluetoothUuid.RESERVED_UUIDS, uuid)
and if it fails, returns the message showed in the system log:
Attempted to register a reserved UUID: 00001103-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB
The isUuidPresent method of BluetoothUuid class checks if the UUID you want to register is free; in other words, the firmware defines a list of taken UUID and the method checks if your UUID is included or not in this list. If included, you cannot register the new profile.
The list is fixed and it is given by the RESERVED_UUIDS constant:
RESERVED_UUIDS = { AudioSink, AudioSource, AdvAudioDist, HSP, Handsfree, AvrcpController, AvrcpTarget, ObexObjectPush, PANU, NAP }
Usually the list doesn't include the DUN profile:
AudioSink ="0000110B-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
AudioSource ="0000110A-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
AdvAudioDist ="0000110D-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
Handsfree ="0000111E-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
Handsfree_AG ="0000111F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
AvrcpController ="0000110E-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
AvrcpTarget ="0000110C-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
ObexObjectPush ="00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
Hid ="00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
BNEP ="0000000f-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
PBAP_PSE ="0000112f-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"
On the other hand, if the DUN profile was added in this list the BluetoothUuid.isUuidPresent returns true; you get the message "Attempted to register a reserved UUID: " the app will not able to register the new profile!
The question is: why is the DUN profile is included inside this list if the DUN profile is not implemented?
Probably the reason is that the manufacturer doesn't want the DUN profile is enabled at the application level in their devices; maybe for security issues.


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Eagle Eye
12.30.2008 | By Mack Chico | No Comments">No Comments
Rated: PG-13 for intense sequences of action and violence, and for language.
Release Date: 2008-09-26
Starring: John Glenn, Travis Wright, Hillary Seitz, Dan McDermott
Film Genre:
Official Website: http://www.eagleeyemovie.com/
This movie tests the viewing public's tolerance for enduring crass stupidity when the payoff is a series of repetitive, ADD infected chase scenes. Director D.J. Caruso (paired again with his leading man from Disturbia) does a moderately good job of hiding how incredibly dumb this screenplay is by keeping things moving at such a whirlwind pace that a lot more seems to be happening than actually is. In reality, the chase scenes don't mean anything because they don't advance the plot – it's mice on a treadmill, running and running and not getting anywhere. The hope is that the edits will come so fast and furious and the music will be so loud and the actors will display such expressions of near-panic that maybe viewers will mistake all this chaos for suspense.
Jerry Shaw (Shia LaBeouf) is a good-for-nothing layabout: a Stanford drop-out who earns a living by working at a copy store while making a few extra bucks on the side playing cards. One day, he stops by an ATM machine to withdraw some money and discovers that there's $750,000 in his account. He gets home to find his apartment filled floor-to-ceiling with illegal weapons and bomb-making ingredients. He then receives a mysterious call on his cell phone telling him that if he doesn't get out in 30 seconds, he'll be arrested.
Rachel Holloman (Michelle Monaghan) is a single mother sending her son off on a trip. While he's away, she spends a night out on the town with her girlfriends. A call from her "son" lures her out of a bar onto a street, but the voice on the other end of the phone is the same mysterious caller who warned Jerry. Rachel is informed that unless she completes a series of actions, the train carrying her son will derail and he will be killed. Rachel does as she's told and is brought face-to-face with Jerry. Together, these two go on a convoluted trip to do the bidding of the voice, which has the power to control electronic devices all around the world to get them where they're supposed to go.
The film's central flaw (although by far not its only one) is not difficult to discern. If an entity has the ability to access and control all networked computers and electronic devices around the world, giving it virtually limitless power, why does it need a couple of human beings to do its bidding? And, even if it chooses to use them, why send them on such an unbelievably long and convoluted wild goose chase when the same end could have been accomplished more simply. This issue looms so large that it is impossible to be ignored by anyone who allows a moment's thought to pass through his mind while watching Eagle Eye. The movie was made for the brain dead, the catatonic, and those who have taken allergy medicine and are unable to stay awake.
The average positive review of this film will remark that "it's a fun ride if you turn off your brain." I'm not sure why anyone would want to turn off their brain, since that's the organ where the body's pleasure centers are located. Even granting that, when it comes to dumb popcorn movies, Eagle Eye is nowhere near the top. What makes the film even more disappointing is its veneer of social commentary about nonstop surveillance and the omnipotence of computers. These things are red herrings that, like Caruso's frantically edited chase scenes, are designed to camouflage the bankruptcy of the writing. Should this film be a huge box office success, it will stand as a sad testament to how low the bar for cinematic entertainment has been set.


text:
Minor in Psychology
Behavioral and Social Sciences
The Psychology minor is a great complement to any field of study in which an understanding of human behavior is important. Students preparing for people-oriented careers in business, communication, education, government, church ministry, or missions often choose a minor in psychology to augment their degree.
The Behavioral Sciences Department offers rich opportunities to its students through coursework, interaction with faculty and students and the challenge of integrating faith concepts. We also prepare our students for employment and continuing education in graduate school. Students are able to conduct and present research projects and develop professional skills by serving as volunteers and interns in our community. The Psychology minor will give students exposure to these opportunities, providing a wonderful complement to the major of their choosing.
Program Plan (pdf)
|Want to see exactly what classes you will take? The Program Plan (sometimes called a degree sheet) includes all specific requirements - including University proficiencies, Frameworks courses and degree requirements.
Each of Evangel's academic programs is made up of a set of core curriculum, program requirements and electives. The courses listed below are just a small sample of courses that might be taken as a part of this specific program.
|Introduction to Psychology
|Introduction to basic procedures in the study of behavior and to elementary principles of conditioning, motivation, emotion, personality, sensation, perception, abnormal behavior, psychotherapy, and social dynamics.
|Social Psychology
|Introduction to social psychology (a study of social influences upon individual and group attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors--how people influence one another and are influenced by others). Includes attitude formation, persuasion, propaganda, crowd and mob behavior, fads and fashions, and interpersonal attraction.
|Mental Health
|The normal personality with emphasis on the psychology of adjustment and healthy personal development. Emphasis on recognizing and coping with stress and interpersonal psychological challenges.
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Dr. Heather Kelly: Student-centric Psychology professor
Is there any such thing as a chance meeting? Ask Dr. Heather Kelly. After teaching eight years on the California coast, and seven more in sunny Florida, she moved to Springfield last summer to teach psychology at Evangel University. Kelly first visited the EU campus several years ago for a professional conference, but it was […] read more
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Professor Emeritus
A native Hoosier and former newspaper reporter, I taught at Wittenberg for more than 30 years. I specialized in the history of Japan's Meiji era (1868-1912), particularly the role of the newspaper press in bringing average citizens into Japan's political life. In the classroom, I taught the whole of East Asian history, everything from China in the age of Confucius to Japan under the samurai, on to Korea's divided era.
Professionally, I am particularly interested in the long-term influence of imperialism, the impact of nationalism on Japan, and the struggle for justice in modernizing societies. I have recently completed a work that has engaged me for decades: a biography of an American journalist named House who gave his life to promoting equality for Japan in the imperialist world; published by Rowman and Littlefield in the spring of 2003, it is titled A Yankee in Meiji Japan: The Crusading Journalist Edward H. House. I also am finishing work on Japan: A History in Documents, to be published by Oxford University press in 2004. And I give quite a lot of time to the Springfield school board and to the development of materials on East Asia for college and high school teachers. The most important facets of my life, however, center in Tokyo (where my son James and his new wife Nao work for the Nippon Foundation and one of its affiliates) and Chicago (where my daughter Kristen, a social worker, and her husband Dave, a union attorney, provide a home for the world's two best grandchildren, Grace and Simon).
Academic Background:
- Ph.D., History (modern Japan), University of Michigan, 1972
- M.A., Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1967
- M.S.J., Journalism, Northwestern University, 1964
- A.B., Indiana Wesleyan University, 1963


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Expenses You May Not Need
Written by: Sharon Simpson for Student Choice
This past weekend a family member reminded me how much we overuse the word "need" in our society. I remark to a co-worker that I "need" a Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte on the first morning of fall. My daughter reminds me that she "needs" a fancy pencil sharpener, despite the fact that we have five perfectly good pencil sharpeners lying around the house.
Starting college and living on your own for the first time can help you realize rather quickly that these items you think you "need" may not be necessities after all. Five dollar coffees may be relatively easy to cut out of your daily budget, but there are larger items that can cause ripple effects on your finances.
My roommate was fortunate (or unfortunate) enough to bring a car to school with her our freshmen year. This resulted in:
Luckily there were no accidents that year, but it is easy to see how there could have been with increased driving and an increase in passengers.
Sure it was convenient for her to travel home on weekends and run to Target or other off-campus necessities (there is that pesky idea of "need" again), but could she have done without it? Definitely. I didn't have a car on-campus and I managed to do just fine. In fact, it probably helped me network more and plan ahead as I didn't have a way to leave campus (at least not efficiently) on my own. The bus routes are notoriously long where I went to school, but in many urban areas public transit is quite easy to navigate.
I remember very clearly how aggressively credit card companies marketed to me when I began college. From having a presence on-site during orientation to direct offers in my mail slot, suddenly I found it was very easy to access credit. I opened my first credit card and was reserved at first about using it.
But over time, it became more and more tempting to order that pizza or pay for dinner out with a group of friends and let them put in cash for their portions – especially when I was waiting for a paycheck from my part-time job to hit my account. This type of occasional behavior can be fine – IF you pay off your balance in full each month. But what happens when you don't or can't do that?
Think long and hard before opening any line of credit. College can be a great time to begin building your credit history and show that you are a responsible borrower – but it can also be a time when debt and interest can spiral out of control.
(note from editor): I remember when my college roommates and I were juniors and seniors in college, and we decided we wanted to live off campus instead of in the apartments on campus (actually fairly affordable and billed into our on-campus costs/financial aid). We started looking at off campus apartments that were really nice, had spacious layouts and were, in some cases, well furnished with washers and dryers and great kitchens. What a step up.
But, that step up came with a cost. Not only were they more expensive, but came out of pocket – our financial aid would not cover the full costs, and we'd have to pay some of it on our own (which was important as some of them had scholarships and loans, and a few of us had jobs to rely on for payment). Long story short, after considering how much we could realistically afford, driving back and forth to campus, some of us going home (read, doing laundry at home) on the weekends, and our part time jobs, we decided it was a smarter choice for us to live in campus apartments. Now, had the prices been a little lower for the off-campus apartments, or had the quality of on-campus housing not been very high, we may have made another choice.
The important thing to remember is to prioritize your spending and your expenses so you can be as financially solid when you graduate and begin "real life" after college.
Re-prioritizing your spending or cutting back may sound painful at first, but making wiser choices now can save you thousands of dollars and unnecessary stress in the long-run.
Just ask yourself, do I really "need" that?
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Wel Come to Air World!
Pakistan most comprehensive Aviation, Defence & Travel trade Magazine
Since its inception (1992), Air World has being putting in its humble efforts and energies to bring out the truth, appreciating the good and the efforts being made by the organizations and individuals and uncovering the hidden movements that may plague the air world of Pakistan and that may be eating into our aviation industry.
We have no inhibitions in revealing the comments, arguments, appreciations, contradictions, criticizing and the blessings received from the authorities around the world include Pakistan. However, our efforts solely directed towards ensuring the strength of our reporting so that we remain true, unbiased and thus the leaders of the air world of Pakistan.
Serving over thousands of professionals in the worldwide, Air World is amongst the only leading an award-winning Aviation magazine of Pakistan providing information and services to the global commercial, defense, maintenance/repair/overhaul (MRO), general aviation, commercial aviation and business aviation communities and plays a vital role in connecting industry professionals worldwide. Air World is amongst the only regular complete aviation/ aerospace magazine of Pakistan which is being mailed to the qualified readers every month not across Pakistan but in more industry segments internationally in South East Asia, Asia Sub Continent, Middle East and having a more selective clientele in the Central Europe and in the United States and Canada. Moreover, besides Pakistani aviation markets AIR WORLD is the only recognized aviation magazine of Pakistan in which several foreign renowned leading aerospace companies/aircraft manufacturers' in particular from United States like Boeing, Aventure Aviation and International Aero Engines (IAE) etc: from Europe; ATR, CFM engines, Pilatus Britten Norman, Airbus Industrie and few others being advertised their respective products and services during the past couple of years.
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A Good Reason to Murder Your Landlady
Terry Eagleton
- I.A. Richards: Selected Works 1919-38 edited by John Constable
Routledge, 595 pp, December 2001, ISBN 0 415 21731 8
Of all the great 20th-century critics, I.A. Richards is perhaps the most neglected. There is a crankish, hobbyhorsical quality to his work, an air of taxonomies and technical agendas which befits the son of a chemical engineer. His transatlantic counterpart in this respect is Kenneth Burke. Some of Richards's work smacks of the laboratory, and isn't helped by his charmless, bloodless prose style, laced as it is with briskly self-satisfied flourishes which his opponents saw as insufferable arrogance. An ardent propagandist for so-called Basic English, a project which reduced the language to a mere 850 words, Richards was also a precursor of today's global industry of English-language teaching. He published some founding, now forgotten texts in modern methods of language teaching, and once worked with cartoonists in the Disney studios, drawing up simplified language instruction manuals for the US Navy. He also conducted seminars with leading North American educators, and was hired by the Rockefeller Foundation to draw up a statement on the practice of reading. Some of his late works of the 1960s are described by the editor of this superb selection of his writings, a man not averse to rapping his author smartly over the knuckles, as 'febrile', 'unbalanced' and 'salvationist'.
It wasn't only the sojourn in Hollywood that marked Richards out from the average Cambridge don. One of the founding fathers of the Cambridge English School in the early 1920s, he was nonetheless deeply sceptical of the value of English as a distinct discipline, and at one point contemplated going off to train as a mountain guide. (He was a highly skilled mountaineer, and on one climb had his hair set on fire by lightning.) In the event, he went off instead to teach in China, as his most celebrated pupil William Empson was also to do, dropping in on Russia, where he met Eisenstein, and later on Japan and Korea. It is hard to imagine his piously parochial Cambridge colleague F.R. Leavis accompanying him on the Trans-Siberian railway. He also taught for a while at Harvard.
Richards was an unabashed system-builder, an enquirer after foundations and first principles in a field which, then as now, was scandalised by such anti-empiricist bad manners. (The editor of the TLS tells us in the centenary issue of the paper that he automatically deletes theoretical words like 'discourse' from his reviewers' copy, as some of his predecessors no doubt deleted words like 'montage' and 'neurosis'.) How can literary criticism be a system when literature itself is the acme of the anti-systemic, the home of the vividly contingent and sensuously particular? How can it submit to doctrine when doctrine, above all, is what it repudiates? It is true that this view of the literary would have come as something of a surprise to Dante, Pope, Voltaire, Austen, Goethe, Stendhal and Tolstoy; but most of these authors were foreigners, and though other nations may speak of a literary science, the English prefer to define the timeless essence of the literary in terms that have been current only for about two hundred years in a smallish corner of the globe.
The first theorist of academic English in Britain, Richards saw from the start that the discipline was stumbling along without stopping to examine its presuppositions, disastrously unable to justify its ways of talking. His aim was to substitute scientific rigour for belletristic waffle. Academic criticism he thought 'pernicious', and he wrote in 1933 that 'the worst threat to the world's critical standards comes just now from the universities.' Even Leavis, for whom 'academic' was usually a pejorative term, accused him of being 'anti-academic'. When Richards sent Leavis a note to congratulate him on becoming a Companion of Honour, he received back an unsigned note which read: 'We repudiate with contempt any approach from you.'
Richards is commonly thought to have invented 'practical criticism', which provides the title of one of his best-known books; but practical criticism had in fact been practised in Cambridge English well before Richards came over to it from the History faculty. (History, he remarked with glum accuracy, was simply a record of 'things which ought not to have happened'.) Practical criticism might have lent criticism some analytic edge, but Richards, as a theorist avant la lettre, was not a champion of it for this reason. Indeed, he was hardly a champion of it at all. What interested him about close reading, and the characteristic blunders it involved, was the material it could provide for a fully-fledged theory of communication. He described Practical Criticism as 'a piece of fieldwork in comparative ideology', and the book has a latent radical edge, recording as it does some remarkably obtuse critical comments from Cambridge students who, as Richards mischievously remarks, are 'products of the most expensive kind of education'.
To understand how communication functions was not, he insisted, the same as understanding how grammar or philology work. Richards was a discourse theorist before the title was invented (though the broader senses of 'rhetoric' came close to it), a scholar for whom the basic unit was the utterance, not the word. In Coleridge on Imagination, he describes Coleridge as a 'semasiologist' and proclaims that semasiology will constitute the critical science of the future. As it happened, the word to emerge was 'semiology'; but Richards was familiar with this term too, and makes use of it in The Meaning of Meaning. He also calls for a theory of interpretation, which later generations would dub 'hermeneutics'. There is even a dash of post-structuralist prophecy about him: bewitched by the propositional form, so he argues in The Philosophy of Rhetoric, we have failed to grasp that 'the world – so far from being a solid matter of fact – is rather a fabric of conventions . . . and that sometimes is a dismaying rediscovery which seems to unsettle our foundations.'
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Vol. 24 No. 8 · 25 April 2002 » Terry Eagleton » A Good Reason to Murder Your Landlady
pages 13-15 | 4679 words


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Law Enforcement Collaboration
Goddard High School maintains an excellent working relationship with local law enforcement agencies. A School Resource Officer (SRO) is assigned full-time by the Roswell Police Department. In addition to the SRO, other officers may be summoned as needed to help with investigations of illegal activities as to assist in maintaining a safe and orderly educational environment.The Administrative Team has the responsibility and authority to determine when assistance of local law enforcement authorities is necessary within their respective jurisdictions. The Administrative Team will at all times act in a manner that protects the rights of both students and parents.


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Posted Wednesday, 11 June, 2003
By Don Allison
Somewhere along the line, as runners tried to improve their times, race organizers tried to outdo each other to create the fastest, flattest courses possible. The result was a lot of fast marathon courses in some not-so-scenic locations.
Last year however, a new event popped up, one that featured a breathtaking setting. Sure, Maine's Mount Desert Island Marathon featured a hilly route, but race director Gary Allen found that many runners more than welcomed the challenge, as well as the stunningly beautiful backdrop of Acadia National Park.
We advertised our course as hilly and tough
Says race director Allen of the philosophy behind his new marathon, "We advertised our course as hilly and tough, as opposed to the "come hither and qualify" mentality of many race directors. The times posted seem to prove the point, that hilly courses can also be fast courses. I feel that marathon running and easy don't even belong in the same sentence.
"My question to any runners that may read this is: where are your fastest races often run? The flat, fast, downhill sales pitches often used today are again in my opinion not what marathon running was originally intended to be. Most runners' personal bests come on rolling terrain anyway. If runners want to have a flat fast experience I'd say hit your local high school track and run 105 laps."
The small details that make the difference between a great marathon experience and a disappointing one were important to Allen. "I have attended (all kinds of marathons), from mega marathons to 'backyard scratch a line in the dirt' affairs. All I've learned about this sport was used or not used to help make the Mount Desert Island Marathon a quality and well-planned event. I personally felt that details are what ultimately make the difference and we tried to cover them all."
We set out not to dilute our race by adding relays or other shorter distance events
As an example, Allen cites the need not to dilute the races with ancillary events. "We set out not to dilute our race by adding relays or other shorter distance events. In my opinion these events do not belong with marathon running in the first place. I feel they distract and do not pay respect to the athletes that are running the classic and entire 26 miles, 385 yards. Nothing is more discouraging to be in a pack of runners and have half of them turn off on another course or to have a relay participant fresh as a daisy sprint past at the 25 mile mark. The Mount Desert Island Marathon will never add these secondary events to our field as long as I have anything to do with this race. We're dedicated to holding a race where everyone wearing a bib number is covering the same distance."
The beauty of the course is a huge draw, one Allen is more than happy to talk about. "We pass through six separate towns and villages on our route much like the little race held to our south each Patriots Day (the Boston Marathon). We pass the only fjord, Somes Sound, in the Eastern U.S. Our course features ocean vistas, stunning forests, tranquil lakes, quiet harbors, the rugged mountains of Acadia National Park and busy and quaint main streets all at peak fall foliage time. By our inaugural editions comments and the excitement we generated we are right. We also have the distinction of being the marathon that is held geographically the furthest east in the entire U.S."
In essence, the Mount Desert Island Marathon is attempting to offer a true marathon experience, hills and all, something that has been sorely missing on the racing scene in recent years. Allen summarizes that experience, saying, "We are attempting to bring back what we feel is the true essence of marathon running, where the clock isn't all that matters. Athletes will be surely tested at Mount Desert Island. Runners thrive on setting goals and then achieving them. We feel Mount Desert Island is a perfect venue for being tested, enjoying a flawless event all coupled with a tremendous and beautiful location for a family vacation."
Comments from 2002 Mount Desert Island Marathoners:
"It doesn't get much better that this! What a spectacular marathon: ocean, mountains, a rainbow, sun, a light rain to awaken the senses, friendly and exuberant volunteers, hills, a challenging course, and a blanket feeling of camaraderie from fellow runners. You have captured and executed the epitome of what a marathon is. Thank you and to all the volunteers!
Kim Picard, Wakefield, RI
To Gary and all who sailed in the inaugural Mount Desert Island Marathon: Congratulations on creating an event that was brilliant in every respect, from the posters to the brownies at the finish line! As for the mind-boggling course, you have redefined "marathon" (this was number 29 for me) in a number of ways, including but not limited to beauty and general cussedness. Can't wait until next year! Sincerest thanks to all.
John Rolfe, Portland, ME
The Mount Desert Island Marathon was perfect. Having organized and promoted road races in the past, I have an appreciation of the level of effort needed for such a large event. The most important thing to strive for is a technically perfect race. It should start on time, be accurately measured and marked, plenty of water available, course monitors where needed and quick and accurate posting of finishing times. The Mount Desert Island Marathon did all of this exactly right.
Nick Kanaracus, Worcester, MA
Outstanding race organization! Thank you to all you helped and especially those inspiring water stop people. The course was amazing: rainbows, deer, peak foliage, and the ocean! A huge thank you for having support for those of us mid to later in the pack; we were working hard and having a great time. Thank you for all your encouragement. We will be back next year!
Danielle Dillman, Swampscott, MA
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Elk County Concert Choir involved in many aspects of music
The Elk County Concert Choir has been practicing for weeks for the holiday season's upcoming performances. This year's showings are entitled the "Tapestry of Light: a Celtic Christmas Celebration." The shows are scheduled for Wednesday, Nov. 30 at 7:30 p.m. at St. Leo's Catholic Church in Ridgway and Dec. 3 at 7:30 p.m. at the Sacred Heart Catholic Church in St. Marys. Admission is free, and refreshments will be provided.The group of singers is comprised of 45 volunteers from Elk County. They practice every Monday for two hours at the First Presbyterian Church in Ridgway. Being a part of the concert choir takes immense dedication and devotion. "The volunteers come back because they love to sing and they enjoy the fellowship," said Gloria Almquist-Shull, Principal Director.The concert series is a non-profit event but any donations given are directed to furthering the future of music. "We give a scholarship to a senior student who will be pursuing a career in music," Almquist-Shull said. "Last year's winner was Mitchell Jerko."Almquist-Shull has many years of experience in and around music. She holds a Master's degree in Music Education from Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. Now retired, Almquist-Shull taught music for 38 years in the Ridgway Area School District. "I've been in music all my life," she said. "(Directing the choir) is a nice thing for me. I really enjoy working with the people because they are fun and dedicated."Pick up a copy of the Monday, Nov. 28, 2011 edition of The Ridgway Record for more.


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BBC News
- Seven MPs leave Labour Party in protest at Jeremy Corbyn's leadership
- Shamima Begum: 'I didn't want to be IS poster girl'
- Tyson Fury signs ESPN fight deal worth reported £80m
- Facebook needs regulation as Zuckerberg 'fails' - UK MPs
- Huawei risk can be managed, say UK cyber-security chiefs
- Tributes as Newport West Labour MP Paul Flynn dies aged 84
- Train firms want overhaul of ticket system
- NatWest worker told customer 'vegans should be punched'
- Stores accused of 'watering down' bottle deposit scheme
- Jeanette Kempton 1989 murder: Police hope for new leads
- Police officer Peter Drummond had sex with girl aged 14
- Scottish Secretary David Mundell says 'coming out was difficult'
- MPs resign from Labour over Brexit and anti semitism
- LGBT History Month: Test your knowledge
- What is it like to suffer a stroke at 25?
- Anorexia recovery: 'I know the darkest of the darkest'
- Emiliano Sala: Former coach's tribute as funeral takes place
- The self-taught pianist drawing crowds
- Brexit backstop according to Northern Ireland teens
- BBC News Channel
- Newspaper headlines: IS bride pleads for sympathy
- Quiz: Are your clothes damaging the environment?
- Obituary: Newport West Labour MP Paul Flynn
- Will universities go bust if fees are cut?
- Brexit: Will Britons living in the EU still get healthcare?
- The soldier with a secret talent - ballet
About the village (Creca)


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By Adam Minter | Bloomberg – Tue, Sep 3, 2013 12:03 PM EDT article was copied and pasted from:
Would you willingly eat a chicken nuggets processed in a country that has no intention of meeting U.S. food-safety standards? Most Americans likely wouldn't.
That may explain why the U.S. Department of Agriculture waited until Friday -- the day before a long holiday weekend -- to announce that it had ended a ban on Chinese chicken imports by approving four Chinese poultry processors to ship processed ("heat-treated/cooked") chicken to the U.S. The report on the approved poultry plants noted that the audit set out to "to determine whether the People's Republic of China's (PRC) food safety system governing poultry processing remains equivalent to that of the United States (U.S.), with the ability to produce products that are safe, wholesome, unadulterated, and properly labeled." Needless to say, the Chinese plants passed.
Initially, at least, the chickens will be slaughtered in the U.S. (or another nation that's allowed to export slaughtered chicken to the U.S.), then shipped to China for processing and re-export. That's the good news. The bad news is that, according to the New York Times, no USDA inspectors will be present in the Chinese processing plants (despite the fact that China has never before been allowed to export chicken to the U.S.), thus offering consumers no guarantees where the processed chickens were in fact slaughtered. Even worse, because the birds will be processed, the USDA will not require point-of-origin labeling (under USDA rules, foods that have been cooked aren't subject to point-of-origin labeling). In other words: Consumers will have no way to tell if those chicken nuggets in the supermarket freezer were processed in the U.S. or in China.
That's a big problem. For more than a decade, China has earned a reputation as one of the world's worst food-safety offenders. In just the last year, consumers have been confronted with a bird flu outbreak, news of sales of 46-year-old chicken feet and reports of poisonous fake mutton. These are not isolated incidents, but rather the most spectacular instances of a crisis that has become so severe that some consumers now smuggle quantities of infant milk formula from foreign countries into China so as to avoid buying potentially tainted Chinese dairy products.
The Chinese government, sensitive to people's beliefs that it isn't doing enough to protect their food supply, has made a point of regular, ineffective crackdowns on food-safety violators. Yet in July, when a senior Chinese policy maker involved in developing new food safety standards was asked at a press conference if and when it would meet developed-world standards, he conceded that it would, instead, have to meet China's "national condition" as a developing country. In other words: China's food supply cannot meet USDA standards.
China's "national condition" has already seemingly had a harmful effect on its poultry – and on U.S. consumers unlucky enough to have bought it for their pets. (The U.S. allows chicken imports for animal consumption.) As of December 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reported that it had received reports of 501 dog deaths (and thousands of dog sicknesses), many seemingly from chicken jerky treats manufactured in China, dating back to 2007. But the department has so far been unable to pinpoint a cause for the problem, and the Chinese have been unwilling to volunteer one.
What was the USDA thinking when it decided to sign-off on Chinese processed chicken exports for humans? Probably not the best interest of American consumers. Rather, U.S. beef and poultry producers have long sought to have the restrictions lifted in hope of encouraging Beijing to reciprocate and open its huge market to more U.S. meat exports (U.S. beef is currently banned for import into China). It's a reasonable goal, and one that the USDA should pursue -- just not at the expense of a safe U.S. food supply.
(Adam Minter is the Shanghai correspondent for Bloomberg's World View blog and a contributor to the Ticker. Follow him on Twitter.)
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