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Infrastructure: Commentary from Nikhil Anand, Johnathan Bach, Julia Elyachar, and Daniel Mains
Jessica Lockrem and Adonia Lugo: Do you see an "anthropology of infrastructure" as a fruitful new area of inquiry?
Nikhil Anand: Yes, I have been very excited by the proliferation of interest in the anthropology of infrastructure! As materialized articulations of imagination, ideology and social life, infrastructures- here I'm thinking particularly of electricity networks, roads, water supply systems, oil pipelines, ports and highways- provide an extremely generative site to investigate questions that have long been of interest to anthropologists such as the production and maintenance of political authority and the ways in which people imagine and ascribe meaning in their worlds. I do think we need to pay closer attention to how infrastructures are made to work as political technologies of rule. After all, it is through the extension and regulation of physical and social infrastructures that biopolitics often works. Infrastructures are also compelling sites to study aspiration, in both senses of the word. They are material networks that allow us to live, to dream and to desire. They also draw resources across distances great and small- proliferating both circulations and inequalities as they make things move.
Jonathan Bach: Yes. The key words in this question seem to be "new" and "fruitful." Insofar as infrastructure is a manifestation of human interaction with the material world, it is a form of studying material culture, and hence draws on a long tradition. Yet it is particularly well suited to turning an anthropological lens on modernity (particularly the anthropology of the "present" and the "contemporary") and especially for connecting anthropology to existing fields of inquiry such as organizational sociology or science and technology studies (STS). Thus if infrastructure is emerging as a "new area of inquiry" it is partly due to a steady shift of ethnographic emphasis onto human/non-human interaction and attendant interdisciplinary imbrications. It is also due to a general shift in the visibility of "infrastructure," as contemporary cultures around the world confront dilemmas and anxieties of urbanization, the globalization of production and consumption, and technologically mediated forms of sociality, governance, and control. This lends an urgency to the study of the exponential complexity and vulnerability of the structures upon which livelihoods, security and identities increasingly rest.
Julia Elyachar: Social analysis of infrastructure is not new, even in anthropology, but something like a new "area of inquiry" definitely seems to be taking shape. It makes sense for both institutional and intellectual reasons to bring together all of the research in STS, anthropology, and other fields.
Daniel Mains: Definitely, as I explain in more detail in my responses to the questions below, investigations of infrastructure have an excellent fit with anthropological theories and research methods. Long-term, qualitative, ethnographic research methods help us understand the complex and variable ways that people interact with infrastructure.
How did you first become interested in the infrastructures you analyze in this article, and will your future work continue to examine infrastructures?
Nikhil Anand: Infrastructure appeared in a couple of ways when I was conducting fieldwork. When I initiated this research project on Mumbai's water supply network, I was interested in getting past normative distinctions between the public and private sector to explore how Mumbai's municipal water system was made to work through the everyday practices of city engineers and other social actors. I had a sense that "the public system" involved several "exceptional" social relations and accommodations that were left out in debates about privatization. While this was indeed the case, I was surprised by the ways in which the materiality of the water system also mattered. Administrators and policy officials planning a transition to a privatized distribution system were constantly challenged in their efforts not only by the politics but also by the materiality of the city's water system. In fact, as Susan Leigh Star has argued, the material technologies of the system are invested with a politics that is difficult to change from "above" once it has been installed. Further, that much of the system existed under the surface of the city also troubled engineers in their efforts to govern the system. They had a difficult time repairing leaks, cutting illegal connections and upgrading the network, in part because their systems of representation- their maps, pressure monitors, etc. were not up to the task.
Much like in the United States, infrastructure is also something that matters in Mumbai's public sphere- its news articles and urban debates. Federal, state and municipal governments have identified infrastructure to be a critical area of state intervention, and have been busy unrolling ambitious plans to construct highways, piped water networks and electricity plants in an effort to make Indian cities (and the nation) "world class." These new projects imagine and seek to produce new kinds of modern, liberal, "developed" urban and national bodies. Infrastructure projects were also of tremendous interest to urban residents, particularly those living at the margins. On one hand, settlers and other marginal populations are frequently displaced by large road and rail projects. On the other, they make important claims for infrastructure, to access reliable water and electricity services. After the decline of class and rights based politics in the city, settlers evaluate and re-elect political leaders based on their ability to provide urban infrastructure- water, hospitals, schools. Therefore elections in the city are full of promises that pipes, roads and other infrastructure services (such as gutters and trash collection), will 'come' to the city's settlements. And they quite often do- built figuratively and literally on top of the partially realized promises of the previous election cycle.
Having been so stimulated thinking about infrastructure, I hope to continue doing so! My next project is looking at the infrastructures of sewage. By delving deep (ugh) into the life of city sewers, I am exploring the work of disinterest and disgust in social life.
Jonathan Bach: Before looking at the urban villages for this article specifically, I was interested in the (infra)structures of globalization, especially how states sought to create spaces in which citizenship is renegotiated, governance practices are reconfigured, and governable bodies are delineated and institutionalized. I had been looking at Special Economic Zones as exceptional spaces and this brought me to Shenzhen, China. Once there, I was struck by the villages as themselves a nested form of exception, and began to wonder about their function within the creation of this new city born out of, and into, globalization. I learned how to read the city through the generous friendship of the observant and deeply knowledgeable Mary Ann O'Donnell, an anthropologist who lives in Shenzhen. Yes, my ongoing work continues to concern infrastructures, broadly understood (though this leads back to the question of what counts as infrastructure). In Shenzhen I have recently been looking at spaces designed specifically to enhance the city's bid to become a "creative city" as part of a larger national effort to foster "creative and cultural industries." In a separate project I am looking at what might be called the "memory infrastructure" (in contrast to the more common imagery of "memory landscape") in Berlin, Germany, as it incorporates the socialist, Cold War, fascist, and imperial past into its fast-changing cityscape.
Julia Elyachar: This article revisits debates from the 1920s in Central Europe and from Egypt in the 1950s and 60s about banks and financial institutions. Should banks be an infrastructure to support productive economic activity? Or is finance a means to generate profits for bank shareholders? The notion that finance should be an infrastructure, or a "Public Thing," as Daniel Defoe put it in the 18th century (Mastnak and Elyachar, nd) continues to be at the center of politics around the world today.
Looking back, I realize that I have been working on financial infrastructures for a long time. I recently wrote about my first job out of college, at the NY Federal Reserve Bank, where I worked on the potential breakdown of the US financial infrastructure in the wake of the Latin American debt crisis, and on the rise of new financial infrastructures such as smart cards and electronic banking. As a graduate student, I wrote my MA on the Public Debt Administration of the Ottoman Empire and its role in creating new economic infrasructures in territories of the Empire. That said, I didn't begin the ethnographic research in this article with infrastructure in mind. Rather, I turned to the concept much later, as a solution to ethnographic dilemmas.
Since the publication of my book Markets of Dispossession (Elyachar 2005), I have been interested in thinking past the critique of neoliberalism in anthropology. I did not want to assume that attributing economic value to social practices was de facto exploitation or dispossession. I had a few unfinished papers on this topic but no satisfying theoretical framework. Paul Kockelman suggested I think about my material in terms of "social infrastructures of communicative channels" (Elyachar 2010, 2011). This is when I started thinking more seriously again about infrastructure. I only read Star (1999) later, and it was fascinating to realize how much she had theorized infrastructure as a form of tacit knowledge—which is the explicit topic of this article.
Daniel Mains: My interest in infrastructure grew out of my dissertation research. I studied urban youth and unemployment in Jimma, Ethiopia between 2003 and 2005. At that time a key source of employment, particularly for young men but also for young women, was the Gibe I project – the hydroelectric dam constructed near Jimma that I describe in the article. When I returned to Jimma in 2008 I learned that many of the young men I knew who had been unemployed for a number of years had found work at Gibe II or on road construction projects. So, I was initially primarily interested in the importance of infrastructural development for creating employment opportunities. It was not until I returned to Jimma again in 2009, and I observed the rolling blackouts and the implications of urban renewal in the city, that I really began to think about infrastructure in a more complicated way.
In 2009 I was actually working on a collaborative project related to youth aspirations and mental health, but I found my conversations consistently turning to infrastructure, ideas about progress and the future, and the role of the Ethiopian state in promoting desirable economic development. If anything, talk about infrastructure has only increased. When I visited Jimma in June 2012 the terrible condition of urban roads seemed to be on everyone's mind. Much of the road construction that I describe in my Blackouts and Progress article was not complete, and great deal of frustration and cynicism was being directed towards the local city government.
My research on infrastructure has really just begun, and there are a number of areas I would like to explore further. One is historical, I am interested in the history of infrastructure in Ethiopia and examining continuity and changes in public reactions to large scale projects. I am also eager to conduct long-term ethnographic research concerning infrastructural development, particularly roads and transportation networks. Ideally, in addition to continuing my investigation of public perceptions of infrastructural development, long-term research would allow me to work with state officials, engineers and workers on infrastructure projects.
How can we begin to theorize infrastructure?
Nikhil Anand: I have found it helpful to think about infrastructure as a social-material assemblage; a process of making relations between bodies and things that is always in formation and always coming apart. Thinking about infrastructure as a process enables us to better theorize how our simultaneously social and natural worlds are constantly being made. For instance, in thinking through how Mumbai's water infrastructure is constantly being created and claimed through everyday practice, I explored how the system managed the production of differentiated citizens, some of whom were required to constantly renew their material and political connections every few years. Therefore by attending to the everyday life of infrastructure in this way, it is possible to theorize how infrastructure mediates both the formation and management of subjectified and restless bodies, and the particular figurations of natureculture they draw on to make people live.
I think it is important to remember that while infrastructures do matter, by no means do they encompass or saturate either how people live in the world or the meanings they make in it. That is to say while infrastructural assemblages are materialized formations of ideology, nature and rule, they are also precarious, and constantly subject to human ideation and intervention that trouble their designs. Conversely, infrastructures are also more than human creations, and as such, their technonatures often trouble political projects. As the Deepwater Horizon disaster, or the one at Fukushima suggest, infrastructures are unstable arrangements of people and things that easily and frequently escape social and political control.
Jonathan Bach: A commonly noted aspect of infrastructure is its "self-evident" quality when it functions as a taken-for-granted background (like water from faucets, gas in pumps, or reception for your cell phone) and its sudden visibility in times of crisis or when its unsanctioned use becomes politically noticeable (e.g. slum dwellers "stealing" electricity from the grid). One way to theorize infrastructure is to draw on the existing literature about everyday life and the "ordinary," which can help us ask how infrastructure is appropriated and recombined by its users in order to produce specific practices of living. In doing so, we engage with theories about how "normality" is produced, sustained, and unraveled. Because infrastructures are network forms, it is also important to understand how networks function and the role humans play within networks, both in their interactions with others (human and non-human), and in the way network structures are infra-structures that shape human notions of meaning, value, and autonomy. This can lead to literatures on and beyond ANT and also innovation, design, and architecture.
Julia Elyachar: We don't need to begin! Or we could begin with some rereading: Volume II of Marx's Capital, Leontieff, and some development economics. We could turn to some of the anthropologists .....From a media studies background, Brian Larkin's work has been extremely important, and Helga Tawil-Souri should be read more widely. Abdou-Maliq Simone's work is hugely important. At any event, I would not worry about theorizing infrastructure. At certain moments fuzzy concepts are the most helpful to capture a number of interlinked issues.
Daniel Mains: Analyses of infrastructure may have productive relationships with a number of different theoretical conversations. I am particularly interested in the intersection between infrastructure and anthropological theories concerning gifts and reciprocity. To some extent infrastructure mediates a reciprocal relationship between citizen and state. I am interested in how infrastructural development is interrelated with redistribution of resources. Who has the right to benefit from public resources and infrastructure? How do gender, ethnicity, and age shift these dynamics? Such questions are particularly interesting when considered in conjunction with the relationship between infrastructure and ideals concerning progress. Infrastructure not only involves an exchange of material goods, it often stimulates emotional responses based on how one relates to the future.
Do you have some suggestions of additional scholarship that could be of use to scholars and students wishing to make infrastructure an object of study?
Nikhil Anand: There is a wonderful and stimulating new literature in anthropology around infrastructure, including the articles that you have assembled in this issue. I am currently working on an article on the anthropology of infrastructure with three other wonderful colleagues who have informed my thinking on the subject- Hannah Appel, Jessica Barnes and Ashley Carse. In addition, I have found the work of Stephen Collier, Julia Elyachar,Penelope Harvey, Caroline Humphrey, Brian Larkin, Antina von Schnitzler and AbdouMaliq Simone very generative.
Of course, there is now a very well developed tradition that explores infrastructure at the intersections of geography and science studies. Geographers like Matthew Gandy, Karen Bakker, Colin McFarlane and Stephen Graham have drawn our attention to the ways in which urban infrastructures produce divided cities. I have enjoyed learning from the work of Andrew Barry, Bruce Braun, Sarah Whatmore and Jane Bennett, who have taken up a very helpful set of interventions from scholars in science studies like Isabelle Stengers, Susan Leigh Star and John Law to explore the relation between knowledge, science and materiality through critical social scientific research.
Jonathan Bach: Herewith an eclectic hodgepodge: On the important question of the connection of infrastructure to neoliberalism and governmentality see the recent tour de force by Stephen Collier, Post-Soviet Social: Neoliberalism, Modernity, Biopolitics (Princeton UP: 2011). Antina von Schnitzler writes eloquently about how technological infrastructures and citizenship practices are problematically intermeshed in "Citizenship Prepaid: Water, Calculability and Techno-Politics in South Africa" (Journal of Southern African Studies 34:4, 2008). See also the work of ARC (Anthropological Research on the Contemporary). Picking up on the theme of everyday life, of note is a recent book in German by the philosopher Konrad Paul Liessmann called The Universe of Things: Towards an Aesthetic of the Everyday (Das Universum der Dinge: Zur Ästhetik des Alltäglichen). In the realm of human/machine interaction an older but solid book is Lucy Suchman's Plans and Situated Actions (Cambridge UP: 1987). Urbanization is a key concern for studies of infrastructure, and here I recommend AbdouMaliq Simone's For the City Yet to Come (Duke: 2004), which examines not the technologies themselves but rather investigates how new, undefined city infrastructures are being built with, from, and on the bodies of residents in four African cities. On new urban forms and culture see my recent essay on "Modernity and the Urban Imagination in Economic Zones" in Theory, Culture & Society (28:5, 2011). Because infrastructure is intimately connected to ideas of innovation and organization, see a recent book by the economic sociologist David Stark, The Sense of Dissonance (Princeton UP: 2009) for an ethnographic exploration of how notions of value relate to organizational form.
Julia Elyachar:
Bear, Laura. 2007. Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self. New York: Columbia University Press.
Dourish, P. and G. Bell. 2007. "The infrastructure of experience and the experience of infrastructure: Meaning and structure in everyday encounters with space." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34(3): 414-430.
Elyachar, Julia. 2012. "Next Practices: Infrastructure, Public Goods, and the State from the Bottom of the Pyramid," Public Culture 24(1 66): 109-129.
Elyachar, Julia. 2011. "The Political Economy of Movement and Gesture in Cairo," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (Incorporating Man) 17(1): 82-99.
Elyachar, Julia. 2010. "Phatic Labor, Infrastructure, and the Question of Empowerment in Cairo," American Ethnologist 37(3): 452-464.
Kockelman, Paul. 2010. "Enemies, Parasites, and Noise: How to Take Up Residence in a System Without Becoming a Term in It." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 20(2): 406-421.
Paul Kockelman. Forthcoming. Agent, Person, Subject, Self: A Theory of Ontology, Interaction, and Infrastructure. Oxford University Press.
Larkin, Brian. 2008. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria. Durham: Duke University Press.
Robbins, Bruce. 2007. "The Smell of Infrastructure: Notes toward an Archive." Boundary 2 34(1): 25-33.
Schnitzler, Antina von. 2008. "Citizenship prepaid: Water, calculability, and technopolitics in South Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 34(4): 899–917.
Shafiee, Katayoun. 2012. "A Petro-Formula and its World: Calculating Profits, Labor and Production in the Assembling of Anglo-Iranian Oil." Economy and Society.
Simone, AbdouMaliq. 2004. "People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg." Public Culture 16(3): 407-429.
Star, Susan Leigh. 1999. "The ethnography of infrastructure." American Behavioral Scientist 43(3): 377–391.
Tawil-Souri, Helga. Forthcoming. Digital Occupation: Infrastructures as Borders in Palestine/Israel.
Tawil-Souri, Helga. 2012. "Uneven Borders, Colored (Im)mobilities: ID Cards in Palestine/Israel." Geopolitics.
Wilcox: http://conceptsinsts.wikispaces.com/Infrastructures+%28Wilcox%29
Daniel Mains: I think many anthropologists are already reading work by historians and philosophers of science, but more engagement with this literature would certainly be useful. The journal Technology and Culture is based at the University of Oklahoma, where I teach, and it has a fantastic editorial staff who are very interested in ethnographic approaches to infrastructure.
Did your position as an ethnographer allow you to investigate multiple sides (design, engineering, use by different groups, regulation of access) of the infrastructures you present? Does the study of infrastructure allow for polyvocality in ethnography?
Nikhil Anand: Yes, like all good ethnographic research objects, the study of infrastructure almost requires a polyvocality. In retrospect, this was partly why I found the water system so interesting. I could learn about how the system worked by considering the political claims made by marginalized groups together with the designs and the work of the city's municipal engineers, and the many other actors (like plumbers and social workers) who mediated relationships between the government and the governed. Diverse social groups had passionate, yet diverging ideas about both what the public system was, and what it should be. By describing the everyday way in which they demanded, managed and claimed water from city pipes, the study points to how the cacophonous, vibrant, dynamic and unequal city of Mumbai is made through its infrastructure projects. Hopefully this will make the book more enjoyable (and not more confusing) to read!
Jonathan Bach: Sure, an ethnographic approach to infrastructure allows for polyvocality because infrastructure exists in 3D, ethnographically speaking. For my article in this collection the story emerges only through multiple perspectives, e.g. the cat and mouse game played by the city and the villagers over land use, the different uses of the villages by original farmers' families, migrants, and white-collar workers, differential regulation of village policing and governance from the city, architectural attempts to rationalize or even preserve traces of the villages as they urbanize, etc. While urban planning writings understandably emphasize the challenges in transforming the villages into regulated urban space, an anthropological approach allows for apprehending the villages as co-constitutive of the very city that seeks to eliminate them, and tries to show how through this co-constitution the villages become an unplanned experiment with the market that parallels the sanctioned experiments of the city itself as a Special Economic Zone.
Julia Elyachar: Sure, one of the great things about infrastructures is that it allows you to look at both those who construct infrastructure and those who use it within a coherent whole.
Daniel Mains: The time I have invested in building relationships in Jimma, Ethiopia has been extremely valuable in investigating infrastructure from multiple perspectives. I have just returned from conducting short term research concerning roads and transportation networks in Ethiopia. On one of my last days in Jimma I got a call from a friend of mine offering to introduce me to the government administrator responsible for planning and constructing urban infrastructure. Within twenty minutes of the call I was conducting an interview concerning the cobblestone road project that I discuss in my article. Later that same day a friend I've known for more than ten years invited me to his house for lunch, coffee, and khat. He lives in a peripheral area of the city and has been selected by his community to represent them as they struggle to bring paved roads, electricity, and water to their neighborhood. We talked for hours about infrastructure, the state, private companies and corruption. Accessing such different perspectives on infrastructure would have been very difficult without the relationships that develop during the process of conducting long-term ethnography.


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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Thornton Utz: Evolution of a Post Cover
At one point in the discussion, Blake tells interviewer Rob Stolzer, "One of the things I made a little money on was selling roughs to the Saturday Evening Post, among other places. I didn't sell many, but I sold some. In other words, you did a little rough drawing that you think would be cover material and you rather hope that they'll say, "Oh, fine sonny, why don't you do this and we'll run it as a cover." But they never do. They would say, "Who should we give this to?" It always killed me. They'd give it to Gordon Utz or somebody. I did one of the railroad station at Red Bank, N.J. There was a train full of commuters with their hats and stuff. And running down the platform in her nightie was an obviously young wife, holding up her husband's briefcase. The drawing I made showed the inside of the train, with all of the smoke and gloom. And out of the window was the wife, really the star of the piece. So they changed it around and showed her in the front instead. Maybe he was right. Maybe he was wrong. But they paid me $150, so swell. I can't complain."
I read that interview last year and wished I could get a look at Blake's sketch that was ultimately executed as an SEP cover by 'Gordon' (sic) Utz. Months later, by a stroke of luck, I stumbled upon the November 1957 issue of American Artist magazine that contains the Thornton Utz article I'm using for this week's posts.
So what we see above must be the sketch Blake referred to!
Now comes the (frankly, astonishing) process, as explained by Utz, of how Blake's sketch evolved into something other than what he submitted. Utz begins, "Whenever I see humorous situations or episodes which suggest cover ideas I make up a bunch of thumbnail sketches and send them in. Friends often give me ideas, too. In most instances, they are returned 'rejected' by Ken Stuart, the Post's art editor, but with them may come several of his ideas which he thinks are my type of subject and the request that I do roughs on those I like best. These ideas are either in the form of cartoons or type-written suggestions. That's the beginning of a Post cover."
The article continues, The idea for this cover came to Utz from Ken Stuart in the form of a colored sketch which visualizes the episode as it would be seen by a person in the railroad car. Looking over the heads of commuters reading their papers, we see the frantic female through a car window.
Before the actual work was done, this interior viewpoint was discarded as less legible and dramatic than an exterior view. "Anyway, a girl is nicer to look at than a bunch of 'semi-Yul Brynner-type' commuters."
The first trial composition of this outside viewpoint (above) shows the car in direct side view, the girl running alongside.
Utz did considerable work on this, including many photographs of the running girl. "These were taken," he explained, "from atop our station wagon. Nancy Warden (Miss Sarasota), the model, ran for blocks wearing her heavy coat in the 90 degree temperature of that morning. Louise (Mrs. Utz) was driving, and I used two cameras shooting twenty-four pictures (Rolli), then reloading and starting over."
Dissatisfied with this presentation of the idea, Ken Stuart asked for another viewpoint with a perspective angle that included a part of the station and the wife's car standing with door open.
Then came the search for just the right railroad station. Thornton made many shots of stations on the New Haven and Reading lines but none seemed to be acceptable. The art director again generously got into the act. Ken Stuart, using the artist's rough sketch, arranged to block off stations near Philadelphia on a Sunday and, under his direction, a Philadelphia photographer got a picture that Utz finally used in his painting.
The streamlined train of his first sketch was discarded in favor of older cars which would be more generally identified as commuter trains.
Next came several line drawings (not shown here) from the photographs to project the action into the foreground, adjust the perspective to it, and bring the picture into suitable proportion for the cover space.
All of these changes, especially the great amount of photographic research, consumed so much time that the painting was completed too late for a summer issue for which it had been planned. It became a winter scene: snow replaced warm sunlight on the platform.
I didn't have a copy of this particular issue of the Saturday Evening Post in my collection so I 'borrowed' this colour scan from the amazing website, coverbrowser.com. If you've never visited that site, I suggest you go check it out - its pretty incredible.
* My Thornton Utz Flickr set.
7 comments:
Wow !ReplyDelete
That sure seems like a lot of work. I'm not sure I can really see how all that effort is better than the first rough Utz submitted. How can the station take on such importance when the story is all about the girl and the train ?
Nice cover nevertheless.
I completely agree, Larry, but isn't it fascinating to see what was gone through in those days to complete a really high-profile illustration? It really shows you what a different time it was, and how the importance of so many things and people have changed (read diminished): the status of the illustrator and the magazine. Imagine going to all that time and effort today - its unheard of. And I was so excited to discover the connection between Bud Blake and his anecdote about doing the rough sketch and then discovering the Utz article that shows Blake's sketch and then the steps beyond by Utz.ReplyDelete
- Charlie Allen10:39 PM
Amazing blog, and an amazing story. Again pretty much reinforces my decision to stay west in those days. Cannot believe the financial compensation to Utz for a Post cover justified that many exchanges, comps, ideas, and concepts. Dedication to excellence, yes....but practical....not. Great history, though, and thanks, Leif, for retrieving, educating, and entertaining us with your continuing reviews of the 'good ol' print age.ReplyDelete
I am stunned to see the amount of work that went into that one piece! Great detective work in piecing together the history of that story. What a great glimpse of the process.ReplyDelete
I'm wondering what the connection to Red Bank, NJ is? I lived there for 14 years and commuted from that very station. Never saw a girl in her nightie though!
Bud Blake was a brilliant artist. he always worked wonderful compositions into his Tiger strip, year after year. And I have to agree with Larry and Leif, I thought the SEP went through a whole lot of trouble to modify a lay out that was probably superior to begin with.ReplyDelete
Leif, I was surprised that the publication date slipped to winter. Without that snow on the ground to silhouette the young wife, that new lay out would have been a disaster.
Thanks for another great post.
- Rich12:43 PM
What a fascinating study!ReplyDelete
Thanks for showing us all these steps. The last step, or the last evolutive mutation, with the snow covering the post cover...it knocked me off!
- Travis Papenfuse5:32 PM
Great work Leif, thank you for the research and post. Thornton was my great uncle through his second marriage and a great man and uncle to me – always welcoming, kind hearted and in great spirits. I would visit him yearly growing up and always enjoy the visits inside his studio. His artwork always fascinated me and I enjoy that others still hold an appreciation of his work.ReplyDelete
I could often see the level of detail that goes into a final portrait however, I never got to see the detail that goes into the Saturday Evening Post covers he did. Thank you for this insight and helping to keep his work appreciated.

subset: commoncrawl


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There are only four ingredients in this recipe that I found and the prep is very easy. This makes for both a great return on time and money.
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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
by Terry Duffy
Organizing continues for the annual Lewiston Kiwanis Peach Festival Parade, set to take place on Saturday, Sept. 7, along Center Street in the Village of Lewiston starting at 11 a.m.
Jerald I. Wolfgang, parade chairman, reports that entries are still being accepted for the parade, which will begin at the Village of Lewiston Red Brick School Municipal Hall on North Fourth Street, and continue down Center Street to Academy Park.
The parade typically sees in excess of 100 units participating, with cash prizes of more than $2,000 and trophies awarded to the outstanding school bands, senior bands, majorette units, fire companies, floats, drill teams and color guards. Interested individuals and groups should contact Wolfgang at 716-754-7745. Entries for the parade will be accepted until Aug. 30.
Wolfgang observes that throughout its existence this parade has had its focus on community. One such group is The Family & Friends Down Syndrome Association of Niagara Inc., which will be staging its 17th annual Buddy Walk of Buffalo-Niagara at this year's parade. In existence since 1997, DSA of Niagara is comprised of a small group of parents, children, and self-advocates who respect and value the life and dignity of each person with Down syndrome and are committed to helping them pursue a life filled with meaning, purpose and inclusion in society. It seeks to raise positive public awareness about Down syndrome and invites the community to join them at this year's Peach Fest Parade.
"We support and uphold all national and local advocacy organizations who advocate for people with Down syndrome and remain the only affiliate organization and licensed Buddy Walk of The National Down Syndrome Society in Niagara County," says Christine Siriani, parent advocate and president, The Family & Friends Down Syndrome Association of Niagara County Inc.
She invites area residents to join as a Buddy Walk supporter and/or a walker in this year's parade.
"Our greatest supporters are you: families, friends and volunteers who may know (someone) with Down syndrome," she adds. "Your contribution has helped raise positive community awareness and continues to 'open doors' for the inclusion and participation of people with Down syndrome in all aspects of community life."
"We are proud to take part each year in the Lewiston Peach Festival and Parade," she continues. "Our children and families enjoy a day of celebration, friendship, rides, refreshments, prizes and so much more. So won't you please join our efforts and celebrate with us again this year on Sept. 7?"
In addition to support from Lewiston Kiwanis, the Buddy Walk is supported locally by the DiMino family, Lewiston Tops; Hibbard's Frozen Custard and M. Hibbard Premium Custard; New York State Parks, Niagara Falls; and Smith Brothers Pizza.
For further information on participating in this year's Buddy Walk or to support the event, visit www.dsaniagara.org.


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And we chatted along the way.
There was lots to talk about. The state government almost shut down this week, the new Tom Hanks-Julia Roberts movie was declared a flop, the Republicans are raging about their evangelism (what happened to separation of church and state?), and, by the way, what baseball team tied for first place?
I guessed Omaha. Guess what? Omaha doesn't have a team.
Then there were various personal things.
But after awhile, we were thoroughly tired.
This was my cue to read. But what can you read in the car?
I read one page of John Sayles's A Moment in the Sun. I admire this book, but after 300 pages I'm thoroughly sick of politics. Don't worry, this isn't the only book I rejected. I stared at Karen Joy Fowler's The Jane Austen Book Club. Adorable, yes? But these linked stories don't entice me. Sorry, Karen, but you know I liked Sarah Canary and The Sweetheart Season.
So what can you do? I didn't like the men's book; I didn't like the women's book.
I switched to Austen's Mansfield Park.
I've been reading Jane Austen all summer since a doddering V. S. Naipaul denounced her. (I hope that was just foot-in-mouth disease.) And this time around I love Mansfield Park. It used to be my least favorite.
Fanny Price, the reserved, mousy heroine of Mansfield Park, is smouldering with love under the surface but is also highly moral. MP is not a comedy--I've resigned myself to that. Then you realize Fanny is nothing like Elizabeth Bennet or Emma, and you stop worrying about it. Austen is not going to entertain you here the same way.
Don't writers get sick of themselves? Persuasion also was more serious.
The Crawfords, who move in and flirt with Fanny's cousins, are amusing, but they're slick and sometimes hurtful, and as the novel goes on, we understand Fanny's dislike of them.
Miss Crawford urges Fanny to marry her libertine brother, but her argument is fraught with inconsistencies that prove Fanny's good sense.
"...I look upon the Frasers to be about as unhappy as most other married people. And yet it was a most desirable match for Janet at the time. We were all delighted...but he turns out ill-tempered, and exigeant, and wants a young woman of fiver-and-twenty to be as steady as himself. And my friend does not manage him well; she does not seem to know how to make the best of it."
So we're relieved that Fanny loves Edmund. Mr. Crawford is like Frank Churchill, only really corrupt, the kind of guy you'd want to avoid in a Gothic novel.


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Not tonight
YAY more Phil!! are you having a problem with the elim station Kogs? Jason/Lorena's is the sisters AGAIN for me.
Is it done? Link please!
awwhopefully it gets on youtube
sorry to hi-jack your thread Kogs So i was rewatching EP1 and thought it was interesting when Phil says "the first team to cross the finish line after 11 legs will win 1 million $$" the camara pans to the Blondes, then Donald/Nic, and last Rachel &TK cheering & clapping , just thought it was interesting.
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Sevcon to Announce First-Quarter 2013 Financial Results on January 29
SOUTHBOROUGH, Mass., Jan. 18, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Sevcon, Inc. (Nasdaq:SEV), a global manufacturer of drivetrain controls for electric and hybrid vehicles, today announced that it will release first-quarter 2013 financial results after the close of the market on Tuesday, January 29, 2013. Sevcon will host a conference call to discuss the results on Wednesday, January 30, 2013 at 9:00 a.m. ET.
President and Chief Executive Officer Matt Boyle and Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer Paul Farquhar will host the call.
Those who wish to listen to the conference call webcast should visit the Investor Relations section of the company's website at www.sevcon.com. The live call also can be accessed by dialing (877) 407-5790 or (201) 689-8328 prior to the start of the call. If you are unable to listen to the live call, the webcast will be archived on the company's website.
About Sevcon, Inc.
Sevcon is a world leader in the design and manufacture of microprocessor-based controls for zero emission electric and hybrid vehicles. The controls are used to vary the speed and movement of vehicles, to integrate specialized functions and to optimize the energy consumption of the vehicle's power source. The company supplies customers throughout the world from its operations in the USA, the U.K., France and the Asia Pacific region and through an international dealer network. Sevcon's customers are manufacturers of on and off-road vehicles including cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, fork lift trucks, aerial lifts, mining vehicles, airport tractors, sweepers and other electrically powered vehicles. For more information visit www.sevcon.com.
The Sevcon, Inc. logo is available at http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/prs/?pkgid=9607
CONTACT: David Calusdian Sharon Merrill Associates 1 (617) 542 5300 firstname.lastname@example.com Matt Boyle President and CEO 1 (508) 281 5503 email@example.com


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The Central Connecticut women's basketball team fell to Quinnipiac, 58-49, in the second game of a Northeast Conference Rivalry Week series on Wednesday night. The Blue Devils (11-14, 5-9 NEC) were led by 15 points from junior Jaclyn Babe.
The Bobcats (19-6, 11-3 NEC) took a 30-22 lead into halftime, but a close second half, 28-27, helped the Blue Devils remain in the game until the final minutes.
Central's best run of the game came with 13:18 left to play in the second half. Trailing 40-30, the Blue Devils stalled the Bobcat offense and delivered a seven-point outburst that cut Quinnipiac's lead to three points with 9:36 remaining.
Jaclyn Babe and sophomore Jaleen Thomas each scored on layups to cut the deficit to eight points. Freshman Kaley Watras converted the old fashion three point play after being fouled on a layup and Babe closed the run with a jumper that pulled her team within three.
From that point, Quinnipiac put the game away with a 15-4 run that set the score at 55-41.
Sophomore Lauren Arbogast scored four of her eight points in the final three minutes, but it was not enough as the Bobcats held on for a 58-49 victory.
The Blue Devils led early in the game, building their biggest lead with 9:15 left in the first. Central's four point lead came after junior Kirsten Daamen hit a jumper and freshman Johnna Fisher connected on three-of-four free throws to give her team a 16-12 advantage. Quinnipiac scored six straight points to erase the deficit and the Blue Devils never led again in the game.
Daamen finished with eight points. Fisher had three points, three rebounds and a block in six minutes of action.
Watras was the Blue Devils' second leading scorer with nine points. She trailed only Jaclyn Babe who finished with 15 points, including eight in the second half.
Arbogast and Thomas shared a team-high with eight rebounds each.
Sophomore Jessica Babe returned to action for the first time in six games. She posted two points, six rebounds and two assists in 24 minutes of play.
The Blue Devils return to action on Saturday at Robert Morris and then play again Monday night at St. Francis (PA).


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May 30, 2007
Joined by authors Nancy Davis, Dr. Dan Siegel and Mitch Albom, Dr. Phil discusses how to be in the moment, live without regret and find true happiness, even when faced with challenges.
Something He Never Expected
When Nicole was diagnosed with a debilitating disease, she accepted her illness, but her husband, Sal, hasn't always been supportive and even contributes to her stress. They often argue, and she fears their marriage may be in jeopardy.
Taking Control of Her Life
Nancy Davis, author of Lean on Me, was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis 15 years ago. Her doctors told her that life as she knew it was over. She decided to find her own answers and live life doing what makes her happy.
"It has helped so many different people in ways that I never could have even dreamed."
Talking to Your Teen
Dana says her 16-year-old daughter, Whitney, changed overnight. Her grades went down, she started missing curfew, and she's been caught drinking and smoking.
Dr. Dan Siegel shares the secret for communicating with kids.
One Last Chance
Mitch Albom, acclaimed author of nine books, including Tuesdays With Morrie, shares insights into his new book, For One More Day. Plus, meet a viewer who was brought to tears while reading the novel.
What would you do if you had one more day with a lost loved one?
Smiling from Ear to Ear
Lisa, a member of the Women of Faith organization, first appeared on Dr. Phil signing alongside gospel singer, Sandi Patti. After the show, her life changed forever.


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Government-Funded Textbooks: Let's Not And Say We Did
from the bad-ideas dept
One of the retorts I sometimes hear when I criticize our current system of overly broad copyright protection is that the only alternative is government funding of copyrighted works. This is not, of course, what most of us are advocating, and there's every reason to think that a properly balanced and limited system of copyright protection (along with some clever business models) can create plenty of incentives to produce creative works without asking the taxpayer to pay for them. However, every once in a while you come across someone who really does want the government to fund creative works. Dean Baker, for example. is pushing his plan to have the government pay for college textbooks that would then be placed in the public domain for public consumption.
This is a bad idea for a bunch of reasons. For starters, there's no reason to think that government-funded textbooks would be any good. Financing textbooks by selling them to students ensures that textbook publishers have an incentive to produce books that meet the needs of students, or at least their professors, and to improve textbook quality over time. In contrast, if textbooks are financed by taxpayers, the textbooks that get produced are likely to be determined more by politics and bureaucracy than by the needs of the customers. The result is likely to be a lot of mediocre textbooks focused on topics that federal officials think are needed, rather than what will actually get used. Second, there's a basic issue of equity here. College students tend to come from families that are wealthier, on average, than the general public. Less than half of young people attend four-year colleges. So it seems a little perverse to tax everybody in order to subsidize the textbook purchases of relatively privileged college students. Means-tested financial aid programs are much better at reaching students who really need the help. Finally, it's worth asking whether we want to take the risk of politicizing the content of college curricula. We already have enough politics involved in deciding what goes into textbooks used in public high schools, which are publicly-funded. Do we really want the federal government put in charge of deciding what kind of textbooks the country's college students need?
What's really needed, I think, is to find ways to leverage the web for lower-cost distribution of instructional materials. There's no reason to think that college students 20 years from now will still be getting course information from giant paper books. Whether textbooks are replaced by Wikipedia-style collaborative textbook projects, by companies selling site licenses to websites full of instructional materials, by ad-supported instructional websites, or by some business model nobody's thought of yet, there's every reason to think competition from the web will revolutionize the textbook market in the coming years and give both instructors and students more choices about how information is disseminated. We ought to let that process play itself out, and not get the government involved in deciding what should be in our textbooks.
Filed Under: copyright, dean baker, government funded, public domain, textbooks


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Mainline Protestant churches
Mainline Protestant churches in America include the United Methodist Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, The Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), the United Church of Christ, the Disciples of Christ, the American Baptist Churches, and some smaller churches. Notably, the largest American Protestant denomination, the Southern Baptist Convention, is not counted within this group due to its conservative theology (though according to some sources such as the liberal Pew Research, two of its most recent splinter groups—the openly-liberal Alliance of Baptists and the so-called "moderate" Cooperative Baptist Fellowship—are counted as mainline; the SBC itself is considered Evangelical).
They grew rapidly during the Great Awakening from the 1740s to the 1940s.
Down to the 1950s they dominated religion in America, but they have been shrinking in membership and are now down to about 26 million. They are now outnumbered by Catholics and Evangelical Christians.
Theologically they were generally evangelical in the 19th century, liberal or modernist in the early 20th century, and now generally favor Neo-orthodoxy. Theology is not a central concern, and they rarely engage in heresy trials. However all have been deeply divided in recent years by such issues as homosexuality.
The Mainline churches founded many colleges, universities and divinity schools. They were leaders in many reform movements, ranging from anti-slavery to temperance to the Social Gospel and Civil Rights Movement. They are organizers and dominate the National Council of Churches.
Further reading
- Ahlstrom, Sydney E. A Religious History of the American People (1976; 2004) excerpt and text search; see A Religious History of the American People
- Balmer, Randall. Grant Us Courage: Travels along the Mainline of American Protestantism (1996) online edition
- Balmer, Randall, and Fitzmier, John R. The Presbyterians (1993). 274 pp. excellent survey by scholars
- Billingsley, K. L. From Mainline to Sideline: The Social Witness of the National Council of Churches (1991)
- Coalter, Milton J.; Mulder, John M.; and Weeks, Louis B., eds. The Mainstream Protestant "Decline": The Presbyterian Pattern. (1990). 263pp.
- Dorrien, Gary. The Making of American Liberal Theology: Imagining Progressive Religion, 1805–1900 (2001); The Making of American Liberal Theology: Idealism, Realism, and Modernity, 1900–1950 (2003);The Making of American Liberal Theology: Crisis, Irony, and Postmodernity, 1950–2005 (2006), the standard history of mainline theology
- Hutchison, William R. ed. Between the Times: The Travail of the Protestant Establishment in America, 1900-1960 (1990) excerpt and text search
- Marty, Martin E. "The Establishment That Was," Christian Century November 15, 1989, p. 1045. online
- Marty, Martin E. Modern American Religion, Volume 1: The Irony of It All, 1893-1919 (1997) excerpt and text search; Modern American Religion, Volume 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919-1941 (1997) excerpt and text search; Modern American Religion, Volume 3: Under God, Indivisible, 1941-1960 (1999), excerpt and text search;the best historical overview
- Roof, Wade Clark, and William McKinney. American Mainline Religion: Its Changing Shape and Future (1990) excerpt and text search
- Tipton, Steven M. Public Pulpits: Methodists and Mainline Churches in the Moral Argument of Public Life (2008) excerpt and text search
- Wuthnow, Robert, and John H. Evans, eds. The Quiet Hand of God: Faith-Based Activism and the Public Role of Mainline Protestantism, (2002), 430 pp.; essays by scholars


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Timeless Royal Inspired Seaside Wedding
The best thing about fairy tales is that they happen all the time – all over the world – one wedding at a time.
The celebrations we're sharing with you today have got us firmly daydreaming of seaside escapes and dusty pink petals, and we wouldn't have it any other way. Emma and Jazz chose to host their loved ones at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, a former royal residence dating back to the mid-1800s. Its history is just one of the many reasons the bride and groom fell head over heels for it; add to that the breathtaking views of the Solent, the enclosed rose garden, and graceful water features, and it's easy to see why this London couple chose it as their island getaway frozen in time.
With a venue so full of character, the décor need only be subtle, with natural and rustic florals by The Flower Garden setting the scene for a palette of peaceful off-whites, muted greens, and blushing pinks – the latter echoed by the bride's swishing gown by Stella York and the former by the bridesmaids' neutral Vera Wang's. We adore the intimate outdoor ceremony set against the imposing walls, so sweetly embodied by the sprig of royal-inspired myrtle peeking from the soft curls of the bride's hair. Day turned to night in the company of a semi naked cake of pink macarons and fresh roses by Frostbite Bakery, a fun-filled photobooth, and tipsy vodka favours – all the ingredients for the party of a lifetime. We hope you lov...
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What Will You Do"
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MACON, Ga. – After leading the Lipscomb men's basketball team to a key conference road sweep of Jacksonville and North Florida, redshirt-freshman guard J.C. Hampton has been named the Atlantic Sun Conference Newcomer of the Week, as announced on Monday.
Hampton played a key role in the Bisons pair of wins scoring 15 points in each contest. The Gainesville, Ga. native capped off the weekend by hitting the game-winning shot against North Florida on Saturday with 45 seconds remaining on the clock.
Along with his efforts on the scoreboard, Hampton was active all over the floor notching four rebounds, four assists and two steals against Jacksonville before grabbing four rebounds and collecting three steals against the Ospreys.
The Bisons continue A-Sun action on Thursday hosting USC Upstate at 6 p.m. at Allen Arena. The contest is set to air on 94.9 Game 2 in the Nashville area and around the country on ESPN3.


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Finally finishing my quilt the other day and ticking it off my goals for 2012 made me realise I should really go back and have a look at them and see if I am on track 4 months later. So here goes nothing… Be prepared for a lot incoherent rambling.
Goal 1 was to craft more.
Finish my quilt
- Gallery Wall for Kitchen –I have the quilt made and bought some frames and have ideas in my mind, does that count??
- Bathroom Organisers
- Finish my Cross-Stitch
- Make a handbag
- Finish my Elephant Drawing and complete 2 other drawings
- Continue to learn crochet and complete and hat for Tiana
- Make a skirt
- Make my clown doll
- Make at least 2 things for my niece's school raffle
Make Cards for every birthday and anniversary this year (no buying last minute cards)So Far so good on this but there is still 8 months to go…
- Redo my Kitchen table table and find chairs to suit it
- Redo my book shelf
- Make a meal organiser
Goal 2 was Organise and Declutter
Source: the36thavenue.com via Michelle on Pinterest
Source: cathhasablog.blogspot.com.au via Michelle on Pinterest
- My Bathroom
- Kitchen Pantry Half way there, it is all organised and decluttered, just need to get my vinyl chalkboard labels and jars I want
- My Craft Room
- My Bedroom
- Utilising a daily planner as to not forget about things
Meal Organising– I haven't made a meal organiser as such but I have been sitting down and doing up a weekly meal plan and shopping accordingly.
Goal 3 was A Healthier Life.
Source: tumblr.com via Adrienne on Pinterest
Specific goals included
- Exercising at least 2-3 times a week
Minimal junk food ( I am only human and know I have weaknesses, but limit my self to only one or two times a week) Drinking at least 2 litres of water a day Cooking with fresh ingredients Planning meals ahead of time
Goal 4 was Grow my Blog and make some Friends
I am pretty happy how this is going, I am posting consistently and slowly building followers. At the end of the day this is just a hobby, it's my way of expressing myself, I don't plan to make money from this space nor do I have the time or knowledge for it. I am just having fun I work full time so I just put in what I can when I can.
Goal 5 was to Spend more time with my family
Source: framedart.com via Lisa on Pinterest
I still feel like we're going through the motions a bit, but we've had some great athletic carnivals this year so far, lovely lunches and breakfasts on Sunday and some game playing and jewellery making with my daughter. So with the time we have I think we're doing alright.
There you go, my goals in review. It was a bit of ramble as you have all probably come to expect from me at times. Did anyone else make goals, plans or resolutions this year? Have you stuck to them? If anyone has ideas, tips or tricks to help me stay on track please let me know. I will be all ears and I promise I wont babble on too much.
Until then Happy Crafting.


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Inbox: How have rotation needs been addressed?
If Brandon Beachy's elbow continues to be problematic and Alex Wood or David Hale struggles in April, have the Braves really addressed their starting-pitching concerns?
-- Chad S., Rockdale, Texas
The desire to add depth in the starting-pitching department was influenced by the uncertainty surrounding Beachy's health and the inexperience of Wood and Hale. To gain depth while working with limited financial flexibility, the Braves attempted to gain insurance by signing Gavin Floyd, who right now can not provide a definitive assurance he will be ready to pitch before June.
If Brandon Beachy's elbow continues to be problematic and Alex Wood or David Hale struggles in April, have the Braves really addressed their starting-pitching concerns?
-- Chad S., Rockdale, Texas
The desire to add depth in the starting-pitching department was influenced by the uncertainty surrounding Beachy's health and the inexperience of Wood and Hale. To gain depth while working with limited financial flexibility, the Braves attempted to gain insurance by signing Gavin Floyd, who right now can not provide a definitive assurance he will be ready to pitch before June.
While understanding the club was strapped financially, it is still hard to figure why Atlanta opted to take a chance on Floyd, who is eight months removed from an elbow-reconstruction procedure that repaired tears to the ulnar collateral ligament and flexor tendon.
General manager Frank Wren has said he is confident Floyd will be ready to pitch at some point in May. But given that Beachy went through 11 months of rehab before experiencing the first of multiple setbacks with his surgically repaired elbow last year, it is hard to match the level of confidence the Braves have expressed regarding Floyd.
When Beachy endured his struggles last year, we were reminded that a pitcher is often 18 months removed from Tommy John surgery before he feels normal again. If this proves true with Floyd, there is a chance he provides nothing more than back-of-the-rotation depth.
Though this might disappoint those fans who spent this winter hoping a difference-maker would be added to Atlanta's rotation, the Braves might be satisfied with this level of contribution, as long as Beachy does indeed rebound and begin to look like the guy who was leading the Majors in ERA before being sidelined by the surgery in June 2012.
If Beachy proves effective, the Braves will have four solid starting pitchers -- with Kris Medlen, Mike Minor and Julio Teheran -- who would be viewed as a solid No. 2 or 3 in most big league rotations. Floyd's healthy presence would give the club a chance to stick to its plan to moderate Wood's workload as he progresses through his first full Major League season.
Like some fans, some of the Braves' players have continued to hold out hope that the club will eventually upgrade the rotation by acquiring David Price. But as things stand, it appears the season will begin with the same prevailing concern -- the lack of an ace -- surrounding Atlanta's rotation.
What does it say about the Braves' financial position when they lose a free agent they wanted to keep to the perpetually poor Oakland A's?
-- Alex K., Marietta, Ga.
Eric O'Flaherty's decision to sign a two-year, $7 million deal with the A's is somewhat a reflection on the uncertain financial position that the Braves face as they progress through these next few years with a high volume of arbitration-eligible players. But this also indicates the club did not necessarily have a high level of interest in re-signing O'Flaherty.
If O'Flaherty would have been willing to accept a discounted one-year offer, the Braves likely would have welcomed him back with the hope that he could provide value once he completes the long rehab process that follows Tommy John surgery. But they were not willing to make a two-year commitment.
Some might view a two-year deal as a gamble, given the fact that it is hard to know exactly how effective O'Flaherty will be coming off of the surgery. But when dealing with pitchers who are attempting to return midseason from this procedure, the multiyear offer might better be described as the only one that makes sense.
As long as he does not have any setbacks, O'Flaherty could join Oakland's bullpen in June or July. Given that it takes most pitchers 18 months to recover the strength they had before undergoing Tommy John surgery, the veteran left-hander might have to wait until the start of the 2015 season to regain the form that enabled him to produce a 1.68 ERA in the 217 appearances he made for Atlanta from 2010-13.
Though the A's seem willing to accept whatever O'Flaherty can provide this year, the Braves will enter this season with the hope that Jordan Walden, Luis Avilan and David Carpenter will repeat last year's act, during which they each capably filled the setup role after O'Flaherty was sidelined in May.
As long as Walden, Avilan and Carpenter live up to expectations, Atlanta might not regret this decision this year. But if O'Flaherty makes a full recovery and regains his strength for the 2015 season, the Braves might regret not making a multiyear offer to this talented reliever, who has shown some signs that he could be a reliable closer if given the chance.
Will Greg Maddux enter the Hall of Fame as a Brave or a Cub?
-- Ken G., McDonough, Ga.
The Hall of Fame will make this announcement Thursday. But it seems obvious that Maddux will be enshrined in Cooperstown as a member of the Braves organization. Yeah, he began his career with the Cubs and won the first of his four consecutive National League Cy Young Awards during his first tour of duty with Chicago's North Siders.
But Maddux won three of those NL Cy Young Awards and notched 194 of his 355 career wins while playing 11 of his 23 Major League seasons in Atlanta. Maddux will have the fond memories of the 10 seasons he spent with the Cubs, but the most indelible memories of his legendary career were created during his time in Atlanta.
Which of the 22 non-roster invitees do you see performing well during Spring Training?
-- Mitchell M., Roswell, Ga.
It will be fun to get a look at last year's first-rounder, Jason Hursh, and catch up with J.R. Graham, the high-energy, hard-throwing right-hander who could find a spot in Atlanta's bullpen once he proves he has overcome the shoulder ailment that sidelined him most of last year. It also will be interesting to see why right-handed reliever Shae Simmons has created a strong impression on many members of the Braves organization.
But among the non-roster invitees, I think most of the attention over the entirety of Spring Training will be placed on Tommy La Stella. Thoughts of La Stella beginning the season as Atlanta's starting second baseman died when it became apparent Dan Uggla would not be traded this winter. But the 24-year-old infielder still has a chance to make the most of his first opportunity in big league camp.
Though La Stella's defensive skills currently might be suspect, he has proven to be an advanced offensive talent throughout his professional career. He has hit .327 and walked more frequently (111 times) than he has struck out (88 times) in 241 Minor League games. It will be interesting to see how La Stella handles himself while facing some big league pitchers and introducing himself to a big league environment.
Mark Bowman is a reporter for MLB.com.


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10:30 pm
Lark Rise to Candleford A handsome stranger arrives in Candleford with plans to open a new hotel. His name is James Dowland and he only has eyes for Dorcas Lane. Robert is suspicious of his motives and less-than-accepting of Dowland's financial help for Lark Rise tenants. Emma and other tenants disagree. Dorcas's patience is tried with the arrival of a new maid, Minnie.G
11:30 pm
Midsomer Murders "Murder On St. Malley's Day, Part 1" After a pupil at the prestigious Devington School dies of a stab wound while competing in a race, shocked locals are sure the death can be linked to the long-running rivalry between the school and the locals. As Barnaby investigates, he encounters the Pudding Club, an elite secret society with which the murdered student had been involved. Part 1 of 2G


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Dolby International has filed a patent infringement lawsuit against RIM. The lawsuit claims RIM has used to Dolby audio technology in its smartphones and tablet without acquiring the necessary licenses for it. Apparently this lawsuit is specifically regarding the use of the HE AAC (High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding) codec which RIM has been using for years now. The HE AAC codec is a standard in the audio technology world whose function is to allow play back to music that has been compressed to less than 10% of its original file size. This codec is commonly used in mp3 players, smartphones, tablets; etc.
With this lawsuit, Dolby is seeking to halt all RIM products that use this technology from hitting the market (think BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930; etc) until it's resolved. Hopefully this gets straightened out quickly without it having to affect us, the consumers.


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A place to share my thoughts, experiences, poetry, photos, musings and various extraneous, yet pertinent pieces of information about my life :)
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Running with Athames...
Merry Meet Family and Friends!
So, few weeks ago, I had the pleasure of participating in a workshop called Protection and Security Magick with Author, Jason Miller. The workshop was based on his first book, "Protection and Reversal Magick".
I had read "Protection and Reversal Magick" when it was first released and I loved it! It wasn't until I reread it in preparation for his workshop that I realized how much this book has influenced me and the way I practice.
I realized that a lot of the subject matter was second nature to me and that it was a wonderful way of validating the way I've been practicing. As far as the topic of the book itself, "Protection and Reversal Magick" is concerned, I remember a time, back in the day, when I didn't feel even remotely vulnerable to magickal attack. I was a novice, practicing as a solitary, and believed that all Witches adhered to the "Threefold Law". For those unfamiliar, the "Threefold Law" states that anything you do, for good or ill, will return to you times three. The "Threefold Law" however, was created to raise the comfort level of the general population and help those with the fear based, "all Witches are Evil" mentality, to sleep better at night.
It wasn't until I began mingling within the Pagan community that I was confronted by "the darker side". No, I'm not referring to "Black Magick". I'm talking about simple human nature. Just your average, run of the mill, egos and eccentricities. I would say that all Witches/Pagans were above such things, but then I'd be lying.
As most of us know, Magick is essentially an emotionally driven practice. Therein lies both the blessing and the curse, so to speak. Think about it. At the heart of every desire is some very powerful emotion. Those emotions however, can also be a source of magickal attack. Jealousy, greed, love, hate, especially when combined with emotional immaturity or psychological instability, are powerful enough on their own to impact negatively on the target of those emotions. And as we are all aware, those emotions are not exclusive to the Pagan population. Anyone can perform magick and many unintentionally do. Unintentional, perhaps, but make no mistake, not ineffective.
I have found that my most serious magickal misfortunes weren't the result of pissed off Witches, but of my own missteps. One of my harshest lessons came the first time I worked with Hekate. Despite having no experience or personal connection to her, I asked, or rather demanded, a monumental favor, without offering anything in return. Thankfully, she took my blatant inexperience into consideration and the effects while unpleasant, were short lived. This is where a little intuition and dare I say, common sense would have been quite useful. Magick requires both.
I must confess, I've also occasionally found it quite easy to become complacent. No one wants to believe that there are people or entities lurking in the shadows waiting to launch a psychic attack. However, believing one has been cursed can be as effective as a curse itself. Jason Miller referred to this as being similar to the "placebo" effect. One need only believe that they are cursed to develop all the signs and symptoms of the same. Dorothy Morrison, in her book "Utterly Wicked", suggests that believing that one is being psychically attacked, can cause the perceived "attack" to take on a life of it's own.
Still, as the saying goes, "just because you're paranoid, doesn't mean people aren't out to get you". Even if you believe you're the most popular Pagan on the Earth, there may come a time when you irritate someone or something by just being you. On those occasions, your best line of defense is a good offense. Personally, I take nothing for granted, nor do I overly concern myself with the possibility of magickal attack. I've learned from experience, at times, the hard way, that shielding properly, honoring one's Deities, as well as knowing and honoring the entities we work with is the best way to avoid psychic misfortune. The manner in which I honor these beings, I leave solely up to my own intuition.
Despite what some might like to believe, it goes without saying that there are serious implications to practicing magick. By it's very nature, you are drawing attention to yourself on both an astral and physical level. Dependent upon who's taking notice, not all will have your best interests at heart. However, if what you call magick consists mainly of something that you read in a book, you are no more practicing magick than if I'd read a book on automotives and then decided to rebuild a carburetor. Yeah, you might be able to find all the parts, but unless you really know enough, all your doing is getting your hands dirty or at worse, the car might blow up. Getting your hands dirty magickally is not necessarily a bad thing. Having things blow up? Not always the best case scenario.
Practicing the esoteric arts without having a good defensive strategy is a lot like running with an Athame. It's just an accident waiting to happen!
In Darkness, Light!
Posted by Tracy ~ The UnOfficial Witch of Ridgewood at 7:11 PM
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Bknizhnik needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 72 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
NUMBERPLATES4FUN is a relatively new business operating from Melbourne's famous Queen Victoria Market. We specialise in custom made novelty number plates. Customers are able to choose from a variety of different coloured plates and have their text embossed on them. They look exactly like real numbers because the equipment and materials we use is the same as those who produce registered number plates. The only difference is ours cannot be registered with any road authority, such as VicRoads or the DMV. People buy them for many reasons. Kids bedrooms, bikes, birthday presents, sheds, cars the list goes on. They are affordable and only the whole process only takes several minutes.
We recently established our online business. Those who visit the site can simply input the text they require, choose the size and colour of their plates, pay and have their plates dispatched the following day. Please visit our website http://www.numberplates4fun.com/ to better understand our business and process.
We sell our number plates to a variety of different customers, young and old. Our small, bicycle size plates are very popular young children and most of the time, it is their parents buying it for them for the bikes, bedrooms, cuby houses etc.
Our car number plates are more popular with those who are over 20+. They don't necessarily have to be a motor enthusiast to purchase one. A lot of the text may be completely unrelated to cars. Our website shows some examples of what some people choose to get.
We require a business card. We lack branding so we come to you for your expertise. We are hope you could come up with a flashy design that is fun, simple and most importantly is able to describe our concept.
We have recently run another competition online, so we have a logo. To view this, please see attachments.
We require the following on information on the card:
m: 0413 623 919
f: 03 9503 4677
e: email@example.com
w: http://www.numberplates4fun.com
We would like to experiment with die cut or embossing the various possibilities. Also rounded corners perhaps?
We leave the rest to you. If we think of things along the way, we will make sure to provide you with feedback .
Thank you and good luck.


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Fundamentals necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 105 diseños de 14 diseñadores freelance.
I love beautiful, classic jewelry! When I started my business I wanted my customers to have fun while buying my carefully selected pieces, hence, Fun.damentals. I was inspired by the jewelry of New Mexico where I work closely with the designers (I live in Northern California). I belive that a beautiful piece of silver jewelry is "fundamental" to every womans wardrobe...just like a pearl necklace or simple diamond earrings (neither of which I sell).
Women who love good, classic, high quality jewelry and men looking for a gift are my clients.
By doing trunk shows (quite a trick out of my sports car!) I go to homes or businesses and display my line. I set up with either a rustic motif or use black satin and silver, sometimes both! What makes my trunk shows special is that the customer leaves with their purchase in hand, in a satin gift bag. Other trunk shows have only samples and catalogs and customers wait for their orders to be delivered.
I am going to be using the logo on a website (next project) and hope to use images of old classic steamer trunks. I have photos of my pieces against colored tile, textured fabrics, stones, sand and an old trunk. I want to show both a fun yet classy look (attached are some examples)
No cartoons please.
I have no color limitations currently but if the website is a dark background (such as wood or trunk materials) it might be important that it show well on the site.
I will need the logo to work for all print materials (business cards etc)
and for a website (jpg).
I am looking forward to having that eye-catching logo and working with a designer. Many thanks for your thoughts and ideas!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.