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03 August 2010
Double penalty for lack of syntax knowledge?
"The answers for the 02 August quiz are not based on a real Oracle PL/SQL knowledge, but on visual memory abilities. I knew exactly that Sys_refcursor was a weak cursor, but I had rarely used it and I was not sure if the underscore character was supposed to be used there. Moreover, I am sure that if it is a mistake I should not have two mistakes 1) for choosing the option without underscore and 2) for NOT choosing the option with underscore. Assuming that I've made a mistake with underscore character, I don't want to lose 40% of my rate for 1 mistake. that should be 20%. Anyway, I don't think that such answer options really reflect the PL/SQL level of participant, because participant got the gist of question and replied correctly in general, except ""grammar" mistake. In this sense even this one mistake should not be counted as a mistake."
Here's my view on this: the PL/SQL Challenge is intended to test your knowledge and familiarity with the PL/SQL language, and to motivate you to deepen that knowledge and increase that familiarity. Sometimes the question will focus on the way a feature can be used. Somtimes the question will concentrate on "little more" than syntax.
I don't agree with this player, though, that choices that test your familiarity with syntax is not "real" PL/SQL knowledge or simply a matter of "visual memory abilities."
Knowing that the name of the pre-defined weak REF CURSOR type is SYS_REFCURSOR means that you don't have to look up the correct spelling. The more quickly and accurately you can recall syntax, therefore, the more productive you will be.
And, clearly, if you want to make sure not to lose points for a dull issue of correct syntax, take the time to verify the result in Oracle documentation or by writing a small block of code. That way, your weighted score will decrease due to the increase in time, but you will at least get the question completely correct, which is more important than a fast time.
Certainly, if every quiz simply tested your ability to memorize syntax, the PL/SQL Challenge would become rather dull. I believe that I offer a nice blend of different kinds of questions and choices, which must be part of the reason that over 1200 developers, and usually more like 1400 developers, play the quiz each day.
Your thoughts?
19 comments:
- Anonymous03 August, 2010 05:24
1. I agree that the challenge should, from time to time, test our memorized knowledge of PL/SQL, because having an accurate knowledge of the details reduces how often we have to look things up in the documentation.ReplyDelete
2. The player's first objection here, however, is about the weighting being given to correct vs. incorrect answers, I think.
Normally, a question incorrectly marked as "yes" or "no" will only affect your score by 1/n (where n is the number of answers).
In this case, two of the possible answers to the question were the direct opposite of each other, which means if the player answers consistently, they will mark one as "yes" and the other as "no" - which means that being wrong affects your score by 2/5.
Personally, I don't think it's a big deal - however if the question had simply had "SYS_REFCURSOR" as one answer, or "SYSREFCURSOR" as one answer, instead of both, it would have been equally challenging, I think - and the weighting would have perhaps been a little less severe for people who get it wrong.
For me, using the documentation WHILE answering the question doesn't feel quite right. I will look something up immediately afterwards though (and maybe test an edge case). I suppose I'm treating the challenge like an interview or meeting.ReplyDelete
So I'll happily accept that I got lower marks for, by example, the result cache question. I know I don't really know that. Anyway, it is only one question out of about sixty a quarter.
But for people who do want to test code, it is worth knowing that you can do SQLs on apex.oracle.com which is an 11g EE environment. I have this vision of an April Fool's Day question starting "If create an empty table called DUAL..." and a thousand production databases suddenly going Kapow!
Steven is correct.ReplyDelete
As a programmer, we should know the syntax of the language.
It will be time consuming, to search oracle document or google for correct syntax.
This was the first time that you don't know what is the correct syntax for sys_refcursor
and you had lost some points in plsqlchallenge,
but you had also won the prize that
in future you will not confuse about the correct syntax of sys_refcursor.
Then the question arises - if copying of the code from the quiz page is considered as cheating then why typing-in of (presumably the same) block of code is not?ReplyDelete
I was in the same jeopardy and with neither documentation nor a db at hand. I was banging my head against the wall for a minute or so (hence the slow response time) and rather than risking the double penalty opted to leave both choices blank.ReplyDelete
The important lesson is.... I knew of SYS_REFCURSOR, but not what it is good for.
Will this new knowledge revolutionalize my work? Surely not, but the PL/SQL Challenge has once again demonstrated its ability to make me a tiny bit smarter and I think that is what the quizzes are ultimately all about.
Hello Steven,ReplyDelete
Actually, I thought that the initial idea of PL/SQL challenge was to test real knowledge of PL/SQL without cheating like reading through the documenantion. I can get the necessary info from Pl/SQL doc very quickly. In case of SYS_REFCURSOR it was a matter of 5 sec. But again the assumption was not to read docs during the test.
Have you changed your mind letting us use the documenation?
The question was about WEAK cursors and not about the UNDERSCORE in SYS_REFCURSOR. It's one point.
Another one - it's not fair to charge twice for one "mistake" (I beleive it was not mistake in a sense of question). These two answer options were interdependent. Selecting one option you will never select another one.
To avoid such questions that was better to provide just one option related to SYS_REFCURSOR. That will be clear, because you will have to think just about if SYS_REFCURSOR is weak or not and not think about underscore or something like this.
But again I beleive that options were not correct.
Sergey Porokh
The distinction between the SYSREFCURSOR and SYS_REFCURSOR choices is one of naming, not grammar or syntax. Assuming that a type named SYSREFCURSOR has been declared, the syntax is correct. Only one of the five choices presented was incorrect due to syntax ("TYPE REF CURSOR IS cursor_t").ReplyDelete
As PL/SQL software developers we should know the syntax of the language and at least be familiar with the facilities provided by STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD. When compared to SQL, PL/SQL has a relatively small grammar that isn't particularly difficult to learn. The real challenge is learning the details of the Oracle supplied types and packages and how to effectively use them within PL/SQL applications. Java is analogous in that its syntax may be taught in an afternoon but learning the myriad of classes requires extensive study. Perhaps it would be more apt to describe the PL/SQL Challenge as a test of one's knowledge of the Oracle PL/SQL environment rather than the language.
I, too, have been adversely affected by questions that presented mutually exclusive choices. I've not been happy with my scores on those occasions, but they were due to my mistakes. Adjusting the scoring algorithm to "lessen the sting" in such cases would add complexity (and potential confusion) without significantly altering the quarterly results. Changing the scoring method could also result in cases where players are more harshly penalized for incorrect answers. The remedy others have suggested to avoid "double penalties" by treating mutually exclusive choices as single selections would logically require penalizing the player in full if any component of the group is incorrect. This could be particularly costly to a player who makes a mistake on a question where all of the choices are mutually exclusive.
Here's a comment from a player that I received via email (I will reply soon; I've been traveling):ReplyDelete
Thanks for keeping things going with the quiz it is adding to the knowledge of everyone who takes part and now the but ... but please take serious note of what correspondents like Sergey have to say. I also thought it was a very poor question 02/08 penalising people for what could well I've been a typo on the quizmaster's part (and there have been a few in other quizzes) or a trick question (i thought we weren't going to have trick questions?). If I and others want to promote this further so that the 1200 become 12000 and beyond (just imagine the correspondence) then less questions are needed where we have to look for typos; missing semicolons or /'s etc. It will just make people think "well I can't be bothered if there's stuff like that in there" which a decent compiler would pick up straight away. Still I've learnt today that answer didn't have an underscore in SYSREFCURSOR (my eagle eyes let me down) when I thought it was a question about weak cursors. In a funny way I'll probably not forget that now because of the oddity of this particular question. Looking out for the next missing semi-colon. (only joking - I learn/revisit something good in the quiz everyday). C'est la vie.
Had the SYSREFCURSOR option been presented without the SYS_REFCURSOR choice I might have assumed a typo had occurred; however, with both of them present it was clear to me that the intent of those choices was to demonstrate knowledge of the Oracle supplied type for declaring weak ref cursors. I didn't notice the difference in those two choices at first glance; I initially thought a choice had been repeated.ReplyDelete
Generally I assume that minor syntax or spelling errors are unintentional and answer accordingly. While I correctly surmised that the difference in these two choices was intentional, I can also understand how others might have come to a different conclusion.
- Anonymous04 August, 2010 05:42
1. When did Steven ever say that typing code, or looking up the documentation, constitutes cheating?ReplyDelete
According to http://www.plsqlchallenge.com/pls/apex/f?p=10000:33:306332501143718::NO:::#cheating
it only says:
"You copy the contents of the quiz page into the clipboard, paste it into your PL/SQL environment and run the code."
So the rules explicitly disallow using the *clipboard*, but they don't disallow any other means of copying (e.g. typing).
(Aside: Plus, now that the questions are rendered as images, so even someone who wants to cheat via copy+paste will now find it a little harder; i.e. you'd have to copy the image into some OCR software first.)
Personally, I have no qualms about occasionally running a simple test case or doing a quick check in the documentation - it slows me down a bit, but it yields more accurate answers.
2. If there is a "minor syntax error", the answer is wrong, simple as that - otherwise you'd have to second-guess whether the questioner deliberately included the error or not.
Being able to detect minor syntax errors is a valuable skill; have you ever tried to unravel a compilation error that points to line #39, which was actually caused by a missing semicolon on line #10?
I completely agree with you on your first point. I view one's score in the Challenge as a measure of one's proficiency with PL/SQL; therefore, I don't see any problem with referencing the documentation or typing in some code to run a test case. Taking the time to perform these activities lowers one's score. Encyclopedic knowledge of the documentation may help one pass a certification exam, but it does not guarantee that one has the ability to apply that knowledge. Proficiency with PL/SQL is about much more than the ability to recall documentation details. Despite years of experience, I still frequently refer to Oracle's documentation, especially when working with packages that I rarely use.
I also agree with your second point, at least in principle: any error, no matter how small, in an otherwise correct choice makes that choice incorrect. In practice, however, I recognize that even program code that has been validated may be inadvertently altered as it is incorporated into questions or choices. Players who reject a choice because of an unintentional syntax or spelling error should not be penalized – those players are, after all, correct. Players who fail to notice these same errors and accept a defective choice based on the broader concept being tested should also not be penalized. Steven's approach to addressing such issues seams to be entirely adequate.
The ability to identify minor syntax errors is a valuable skill; however, it is a skill that is often only applied after the compiler has reported errors. Humans make extremely poor compilers – we often see what we expect even when it isn't present. Knowing there is a code defect makes it much easier to find, even when it occurs somewhere other than where the error message indicates.
Ideally none of the quizzes will have unintended code defects; however, even when they are present I certainly wouldn't want to be scored on my ability to be a compiler.
"And, clearly, if you want to make sure not to lose points for a dull issue of correct syntax, take the time to verify the result in Oracle documentation or by writing a small block of code. That way, your weighted score will decrease due to the increase in time, but you will at least get the question completely correct, which is more important than a fast time."ReplyDelete
I did this exactly as I was not sure of the options :)
- Anonymous05 August, 2010 02:18
I appreciated Steven's approach too - where an unintentional mistake caused people to incorrectly mark an answer as right or wrong, he'll often correct the answer, and change everyone's answers and re-score accordingly, giving the benefit of the doubt to everyone who took the quiz.ReplyDelete
On another point, one good thing I learned at university was from a crotchety old professor who insisted that we learn to "compile code in our heads" before we let the computer do the work for us - a valuable discipline.
Yes, humans are poor compilers - but so are computers - they're faster and more consistent, but inferior when it comes to working out what's wrong and how to fix it :)
- Anonymous05 August, 2010 03:12
Hi there,ReplyDelete
Talking here about cheating I used the followig source published on 27th April in News section:
"A player recently asked this question: "I read the news about mistakes identified by players on recent quizzes. It seems to me that if players relay on their own knowledge and not reading the Oracle documentation during the quiz, they would not have found these mistakes. Should players be relying on documentation to answer their questions?"
This is how we see things:
It would be great if everyone answered the quiz without looking at documentation or other resources. This would reflect their current knowledge of PL/SQL most accurately. Having said that, there is no way to stop players from consulting Oracle documentation or, for that matter, the contents of Steven's books."
...In addition to my point about wrong (i.e. weak) options for this "weak cursors" question:
If I say that SYS_REFCURSOR/SYSREFCURSOR is not a WEAK cursor type, i.e. I don't choose neither SYS_REFCURSOR nor SYSREFCURSOR I will get 20% points (or smth like that) more than choosing SYSREFCURSOR despite of the fact that the latter option is more likely to be true in terms of question and general sense.
Sergey Porokh
Sergey, that FAQ content is changing to make it clear that looking in Oracle doc - or any doc - is perfectly fine.ReplyDelete
Often the documentation is an inadequate resource for guaranteeing a correct response. I got caught by this on the August 4 quiz. The option with "USING NULL" would seem to be correct by Oracle's documentation which states that IN values may be either variables or expressions but offers no warning that NULL will raise an exception. Anytime I see NULL used as a value (which it is not) it gets more attention. In this case I consulted the documentation since the use of NULL in this case seemed suspicious. Because the documentation did not explicitly exclude NULL I changed my answer which unfortunately made it incorrect. I definitely should have tried a test case. As a software manual I encountered in the 80's said, "In cases where the manual disagrees with the program, assume the program is correct."ReplyDelete
Jeff, I'm glad you had an instructor that encouraged you to evaluate your code before giving it to the compiler. Too many software developers have never acquired that skill and instead rely on the convenience of modern software development environments to enable them to hack away at their programs until they seem to work. It reminds me of a cartoon I saw where a programmer is staring at his screen. A coworker notices him and asks, "Trying to find the problem?" The programmer replies, "No, no. It works. I just don't understand why!"
When I first developed an interest in computers I didn't have access to one (dating myself here, but Apple wasn't even a company yet). Using books from the library, I taught myself COBOL, FORTRAN, and PASCAL. The learning skills I developed through those endeavors have served me well, especially when exploring new software technologies.
- Anonymous07 August, 2010 12:50
"No, no. It works. I just don't understand why!"ReplyDelete
I love that. I reckon that's a mark of an excellent programmer - they are unsatisfied until they know why something works the way it does.
@jhall62: in the manual "PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference" exists a short chapter titled "Passing Nulls to Dynamic SQL" that explicitly describes that you can't pass the litaral value NULL for the USING clause (page 7-10 for 10g R2)ReplyDelete
Thanks, Niels. This is one of those cases where the Oracle documentation's organization can cause problems when only given a cursory viewing, which is exactly what is likely to happen when attempting to find an answer quickly for the quiz. For expediency I went straight to the syntax diagram for "EXECUTE IMMEDIATE..." and the description of "bind_argument" which is "An expression whose value is passed to the dynamic SQL statement, or a variable that stores a value returned by the dynamic SQL statement." Unlike the entry for "BULK COLLECT" which comes immediately after, the "bind_argument" doesn't even offer a link to more information.ReplyDelete
Jeff, I hadn't even thought of the cartoon from that perspective. My coworkers and I all viewed it as a case of accidental success instead of deliberate design (a most unreliable way to create quality software).


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Shiseido's MAQUillage range must make the most consistently stunning lipsticks and glosses, ever. It took me a while to get my paws on their newest gloss, the Perfect Lipgloss, because the exchange rate is so poor. In the end it cost me something like £16.
The Perfect Lipgloss is supposed to be transfer resistant (hence the model is holding a disposable coffee cup….makes no sense, I know).
Four of the shades are from the Alexander Wang collection (Limited Edition) – I got PK445 which is a bubblegum pink with a bit of shimmer.
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I love the applicator. Gorgeous! Its a flat sponge which gets into the corners of the mouth. Its nice and soft too:
Its thin from the side. I did test out how transfer resistant this is and my answer is – no more transfer proof than any other gloss. It still left a sticky residue…that's what glosses are meant to do, innit?!
On the lips:
Its a very pretty gloss indeed, that I cannot deny and although I am glad I tried this out, as I do with all the new MAQUillage lip products I wouldn't say this gloss is perfect. It needs more pigment (or at least the shade I tried), a bit more va-va-voom for the price.
And with it approaching Christmas, I like the stronger lip. Overall this was nothing extraordinary – if you are making your first MAQUillage lip product purchase, make sure it isn't this product.
Don't worry, got lots of pigmented glosses and lipsticks reviews coming up!

subset: commoncrawl


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Currently Reading - The Winter of the Lions, Jan Costin WagnerSubmitted by Karen on December 5, 2011 - 1:08pm
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Nov. 14, 2005
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(4)Florida Everblades 4 vs. (1)Reading Royals 5 (OT)
Quarterfinals: Reading leads the best-of-seven series 3-2
D Charles Landry, FLA: 0-0-0, +1, 1 SOG, 2 PIM (hooking)
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for any value "a" less then 1 but greater then zero, a^infinity = 0, correct?
Take a function like f(x) = [cos(x)]^infinity. Anywhere on the function except where f(x) = 1, the function will be zero, correct? But at x = 0, the function would JUMP to 1! (and at any values of x where cos x = 1) How can that be possible? There must be some mid point on the graph between y = 1 and y = 0, but then there would be some number a less then 1 but greater then zero such that a^infinity does NOT equal zero! (CREEPYYYY!!!) so would the graph litteraly break itself? Or would there be some infinetsimal where the function has a value between 1 and 0? Hmm.. wonder what [cos( 1/infinity) ]^infinity would be...
another wierd thing to think about which this topic brings up, the function cos(x) will fluctuate from 1 to -1, when its -1 what will the function output be? (-1)^infinity? Is that -1 or 1? Is infinity odd or even?
Last edited by mikau (2006-07-09 13:47:49)
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
Interesting! Play with it: Plot of cos(x)^1000 vs cos(x)^1001
"The physicists defer only to mathematicians, and the mathematicians defer only to God ..." - Leon M. Lederman
precisly! Just look at the difference (+ 1) can make! Now get out there and vote!
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
mikau, if you've come across this by just thinking about math (i.e. not reading it in a book or from a professor), then I am really impressed. Even more so since (I think) you've never taken a reals course.
As a disclaimer, we are talking about the real numbers here, and thus, there does not exist any infinitesimals or values larger than infinity.
a^infinity = 0, correct?
Not to nit-pick or anything, and I'm pretty sure you know what you mean when you say the above, but it should read:
a^n approaches 0 as n approaches infinity
Which is of course, correct for values of a between 0 and 1. Like I said, that isn't entirely nit-picking as using that phrase will have value when we try more complex examples such as:
Take a function like f(x) = [cos(x)]^infinity. Anywhere on the function except where f(x) = 1, the function will be zero, correct? But at x = 0, the function would JUMP to 1!
Let's apply the same terminology:and f_n(x) approaches 0 as n approaches infinity at any point where f(x) != 1.
This is called squences of functions. It works just like a squence of numbers, just replace numbers with a function.
And they are really weird. I mean really, really weird. And you just showed the weird thing about them:
How can that be possible? There must be some mid point on the graph between y = 1 and y = 0, but then there would be some number a less then 1 but greater then zero such that a^infinity does NOT equal zero! (CREEPYYYY!!!) so would the graph litteraly break itself?
And yes, it sounds like there must be. But there isn't. The graph is not continuous. Let me introduce some terminology to make talking about these easier:
When you have a sequence of functions f_n(x) where n in a natural number, it is possible that the series that as n approaches infinity, the squence of functions converges to one function. We call this function f(x).
So for example: f_n(x) = x/n. As n approaches infinity, f_n(x) approaches 0 for all values x, and so we say f(x) = 0.
Another example: f_n(x) = x - 1/n. As n approaches infinity, f_n(x) approaches x, so we say that f(x) = x.
Now here is the weird part. It is possible to have f_n(x) to converge a function f(x), and have f_n(x) be continuous for every single n, but to have f(x) be discontinuous. Weird, I know. Your cosine is an example of such a function.
The first function you named does exactly the same thing:
f_n(x) = x^n
For this function:
f(x) =
0 for 0 ≤ x < 1
1 for x = 1
diverges for x > 1
As you can see, it's discontinuous at 1.
I'll post more on the subject tomorrow, if you would like. But I'll let that brew in your mind for now as it is late and I can't seem to find my Real Analysis book.
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
As I always claim, using the concept of Real Infinity is using guessing instead of logic, and self-defeating.
Are you saying limits shouldn't be used, George?
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Thanks, Ricky! Yes I came up with this while eating dinner at a local pizza shop ( I said it before: I'm such a nerd) and I wanted to tear off my clothes and run down the street screaming "Eureka!" :-D
No I have not yet taken any courses on "reals".
I think what george y means is we could never actually test this to see if the function would infact JUMP, we can only use our reason to search for a logical conclusion, but really the topic is completely abstract.
And yes, I would like for you to post more on the subject. :-)
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
I mean the Real Infinity concept can only be "used" after Approaching method. Without approaching, equating approaching with being can cause fault.
As we discussed earlier, Ricky, the being is the part inferring approaching to be being after the approaching proof, always.
Simply put, to mikau, do not use an independent, non-variable infinity or infinitesimal at first and that will save you from lots of faults.
Ok, I think I'm starting to understand what you are saying, Geroge. It was, "Without approaching, equating approaching with being can cause fault." that got me. I've never heard of the words "Real Infinity" (nor can I find them used on the internet), so I think the language barriar was the thing that got me.
But you are, of course, right. It is a very dangerous pitfall to think that approaching means the same as being. The way I always describe limits is to say that it is what would happen if you ever got to infinity, but you can never get to infinity anyways. So in that sense, it is sort of useless, but what it tells you is what happens to a graph so that you don't have to write it out.
But anyways, back to sequences of functions. I should make a post on it later tonight, after I find that darn reals book.
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Yeah I know, but I didn't have enough energy at the time. Technically you should say the limit of 1/n as n approaches infinity is zero, I just didn't have the energy to say it, lol.
Anyways, you got my point. It is rather fascinating you can make a non piecewise function discontinuous without causing division by zero, or taking the sqrt or log of a negative number.
Good luck finding that book, Ricky! I await your post with great anticipation!
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
By putting reals in quotes, mikau, I take it you've never really heard of real analysis before. So let me take a brief minute to explain what it is. Newton started off calculus, an entirely new form (well, not really) of math. Then some more funky dudes with wigs on countinued studying it. But it wasn't really till the 1800's that they started noticing weird things. There were all sorts of crazy functions being defined, and they had really weird properties. They started seeing some contradictions in different problems, some theorems were'nt working as expected. So a few guys sat down and said, "All right, let's take this back to square 1, and start off from the beginning making sure we are careful." And so Real Analysis was born. It is called real analysis because it is the study of the real numbers and functions on the real numbers, trying to find out their properties and analyzing what they do.
To sum up, Real Analysis is basically "Careful Calculus", making sure everything has a rigorous definition. So you won't hear things like, "A continuous function is one I can draw without lifting up my pencil."
Ok, start off with some basic definitions:
Pointwise convergence: If f_n(x) converges to a point y when n approaches infinity, we say that it converges pointwise to y. In this way, f(x) is just taking all those y points and combining them in a function.
So consider f_n(x) = (x^2 + nx) / n.
Now I will prove an earlier statement. I will do the proof, and then an explanation of it. I suggest you read the proof, then the explanation, then go back and reread the proof.
Prove f_n(x) = x^n converges pointwise to 0 for all values 0 < x < 1
Proof: Let a_n be a squence such that a_n = {a, a^2, a^3, ...}, for some number 0 < a < 1. Let ∈ > 0. Then what we must show is that there exists N in the natural numbers such that |a_n| < ∈ for every n ≥ N.
If we show that a_n is constantly decreasing and bounded below by 0 (i.e. does not contain a value less than 0), then this will be sufficent to show that such a number exists.
So first, we must show that a_n is decreasing. We do this by induction. Since a < 1, a*a < a (multiply both sides by a). So that is the base case. Assume that a_n > a_n+1. Now we must show that a_n+1 > a_n+2. Since 0 < a_n, and 0 < a, 0 < a_n*a, or rather, 0 < a_n+1. But since a_n > a_n+1, a_n*a > a_n+1*a since 0 < a, and so a_n+1 > a_n+2. Thus, 0 < a_n+2 < a_n+1, and so a_n is always decreasing.
Now we must show a is bounded below by 0. Already did that with the 0 < a_n+2. So it holds that for every ∈ > 0, there exists some N in the natural numbers such that for every n ≥ N, |a_n| < ∈
And now I claim that we're done. But what the heck did we just do? Well, we showed that if you out far enough to the right (or rather, a higher value for n), for any real number you pick, there will be a point such that every single a_n will be less than that real number. So this means that if I pick ∈ = 0.00000000001, I can still find an N such that all n's past it, a^n < ∈. And the same thing will happen if I pick ∈ = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001. And the same for ∈ = 10^-1000000. So this proves that the farther I go out to the right, the closer my sequence will get to 0, and thus, it is the limit of the sequence.
Now all that's left to show that 1^n = 1 as n goes to infinity, which is easy enough, so we showed that the function f(x) (what f_n(x) approaches) is discontinuous, even though ever f_n(x) itself is continuous, as all polynomials are.
I'm sure you must have some questions, so I'll stop here for now.
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
I probably would have questions if I understood it a little better. I'm just struggling to keep up. I've never really dealt with induction before.
It still seems somewhat incomplete. It does seem logical that a^infinty would equal zero in any case, but actuallly cos(1/10000)^10000 is very close to 1 and not zero. At a certain point when n gets big enough, there should be a turning point, but perhaps if a certain ratio is maintained between the power and the infinitsimal distance from zero, it actually converges to a point between 0 and 1.
Think of it this way, a number like 0.99^n will reduce itself much slower then 0.5^n as n gets larger. For relativly low values of n it won't be reduced much, but for large values of n it becomes more significant. But what if the distance from 1 is determined in some way by n? such as (1 - 1/n)^n As n gets very large it may not necessary have such a big impact because as the power makes it reduce the function more, the 1/n makes it even slower to reduce, where is the balance? The limit. Invert the sign of the 1/n part and we get the definition of e. (1 + 1/n)^n
If the distance from 1 is some function of the power, I do believe it may be possible the closeness to 1 may override or ballance out the reducing strength of the power. Maybe not with a^n, but perhaps with cos(1/n)^n.
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
Ok, so let me take a few giant steps back. That first post was really to see how much you understand, and I think I got a pretty good idea.
For induction, it follows a simple pattern:
Base Case
Inductive Assumption
Show that the base case is true for one more
The base case is simply giving an example. For this intro, I will use a simple set of numbers:
This simple set looks like {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...}
So a_0 = 1, a_1 = 2, and so on.
What we wish to prove is that a_n < a_n+1 for all n in the natural numbers. It seems pretty obvious, no? But how do we prove it?
First, note that 1 < 2. That is, a_0 < a_1. This is the base case. Now we make our inductive assumption. a_n < a_n+1. It seems like we are assuming the conclusion, but we aren't. I'll come back to this. Since a_n < a_n+1, it must be that (a_n) + 1 < (a_n+1) + 1. But we also know that (a_n)+1 = a_n+1 and that (a_n+1) + 1 = a_n+2. So it holds that a_n+1 < a_n+2.
Now I can claim that a_n < a_n+1 for all n in the naturals. And here's why. We first showed that a_0 < a_1. We also showed that if a_n < a_n+1, then it must be true that a_n+1 < a_n+2.
So since a_0 < a_1, it must be that a_1 < a_2. And since a_1 < a_2, it must be that a_2 < a_3. And since a_2 < a_3.... and so on. Since this pattern must continue for all natural n, we have showed it true for all natural numbers.
Induction is extremely important in real analysis, as we always deal with sets where the elements have some sort of relationship to one another, just like the set {1, 2, 3, 4...}.
Here is a formal induction proof:
Prove thatfor all n∈N
Proof: This proof is by induction on n.
Note that. Thus, the base case holds.
Assume that. Now it must be shown that , as we are just taking off the last number in the summation and writting it seperately. (remember the inductive assumption
And so.
Therefore, by PMI,for all n∈N.
(PMI stands for Principal of Mathimatical Induction)
Any questions about induction? If not, try a few good induction proofs.
Prove that
Prove that
Prove that for any number 0 < a < 1, a^n > a^(n+1).
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Probably it's not the language barrier, Ricky.
If a Real or Reached Infinity does not exist or is not valid.
and any sum of series is invalid, like the form of
Or "=" here is not in usual sense and it's an "imaginary" equating.
I think I understood most of that, Ricky. I mean it makes sense it would be bounded above by 1 and below by 0, and I have little interest in proving such an obvious fact while most mathematicians do. (no offense or anything, your math knowledge is clearly quite extensive!)
I'm more interested in proving whether or not it could converge to some intermediat value. Like i said cos(1/10000)^10000 is actually quite closed to 1 and not zero. but this may be just that the the exponant is not large enough to dominate over the slowing effect of extreme closeness to 1. Perhaps with a large value, the balance will shift, but what if the closeness to 1 is determined by a function of the power? The balance may never be able to shift! Perhaps there is some some function "f" of x such that the limit of [1 - f(x)]^x = 0.5 where 0 < f(x) < 1 for all x.
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
[1 - f(x)]^x = 0.5
By making "n" (which is f(x) in your equation) in terms of x, you are completely changing the problem. You have to set n in stone, so to speak, and then show that as you approach infinity , (1-n)^x = 0.5. n can't vary with x. And again, I state that no such real number exists. I'll formulate a very clear and careful proof possibly tomorrow.
and any sum of series is invalid, like the form of
Language barrier, again, I think. By writing an infinite series, you are already implying that you are talking about limits, George.
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Thanks I am gradually learning from you guys, but this equation has one mistake.
igloo myrtilles fourmis
One more thing. Are the following two things equivalent with and without parenthesis??
igloo myrtilles fourmis
I think you make a word misguidance, Ricky. Bounded below zero seems to imply that the bound is some number negative. Should it be bounded above zero?
Also you should prove that 0 is the maximum of all bounds possible including -1,-0.5 and so on.
With this proof added, you can say that the series convergent to 0.
To Mikau's question, intermediate position not possible, for any of your position like 0.000001 is just a good candidate of ∈, hence sufficient large Ns will garantee it is always going away from it.
I have another proof on decreasing distance to show it. but since it's invented by myself and not a textbook I've ever seen have adopteditI would like to see Ricky's proof first to know if main stream maths has already got a solution.
It's my mistake to use a blablabla without specification.
My ... actually mean the moving series. like {0.9, 0.99, 0.999...} type.
I don't accept "all" number digits is 9 concept because this "all" involves reached infinity.
for x, x>0 and x<1, x^n converges to 0
Proof of
for any given number ∈>0 there exist a number N such that n larger than N would give x^n<∈
x^N<∈ requires N<log(x,∈) hence such N exists.
But it's not the proof I previously referred.
Lets say the limit of f(x)^x as x approaches infinity is 0.5 and 0 <= f(x) <= 1 for all x and f(x) is continuous....
Change the function, the limit of cos(x)^n as n approaches infinity. Since n in this case is not a function of x, a ratio is not mantained, but since cos(x) fluctuates from 0 to 1 and is continuous, then at some point cos(x) must equal f(x) (as far as y height) since f(x) is also between 0 and 1 and continuous. And at that point, cos(x)^infinity should equal 0.5. It must be a value unfathomably close to 1 but its still enough to suggest the function is continuous.
Last edited by mikau (2006-07-14 04:52:57)
A logarithm is just a misspelled algorithm.
Consider this:
If we were to graph the values of
we would get 0 for every value of x except for x such that cos x = ±1, since ±1[sup]∞[/sup] is indeterminate. Thus, we would have a line tracing the x-axis with point discontinuities at all x = nπ for n ∈ Z.
I think you make a word misguidance, Ricky. Bounded below zero seems to imply that the bound is some number negative. Should it be bounded above zero?
Also you should prove that 0 is the maximum of all bounds possible including -1,-0.5 and so on.
With this proof added, you can say that the series convergent to 0.
Right you are. Or rather would be, if there wasn't a trick, which I get to below.
First, let's go over the definition of a limit as a function goes to infinity. Formal definition:
The limit of a function f(n) as n goes to infinity is L, if and only if for every real number ∈, there exists an N in the natural numbers such that for every n ≥ N, |f(n) - L| < ∈.
Now whether you know it or not, this is the definition you use when you do limits in calculus. But when you do calculus, you are using limit laws, which are proven through this definition.
Let's just do a simple example.
Prove that f(n) = 1/n goes to 0 as n goes to infinity.
Proof: What we wish to show is that for eveyr ∈ > 0, there exists an N in the naturals such that for all n ≥ N, |f(n) - 0| < ∈, or rather |f(n)| < ∈.
Let ∈ > 0. Also, let N > 1/∈. Then f(N) = 1/N. Since 1/∈ < N, it must be that 1 < N∈ and 1/N < ∈ since both N and ∈ are positive. Since n ≥ N, it must be that 1/n < 1/N, and so 1/n < 1/N < ∈. Thus, 1/n < ∈ for every n ≥ N.
Therefore, f(n) = 1/n goes to 0 as n goes to infinity.
Ok, not too bad right?
monotonely decreasing: a function such that if n > m, then it must be that f(n) < f(m). As the name implies, this is just a function that is always decreasing as the n's get higher.
Now it should be clear that if a function is monotonely decreasing and bounded below, then that function converges to some number, above or at that bound. It's a fairly simple proof, but plain to see as well. Ask me if you want to see it.
Also, it should be noted that if lim f(n) is L as n goes to infinity, then the lim f(n+1) as n goes to infinity is also L. This is a very easy proof because all you have to say is that n+1 > n. Again, ask me if you wish to see it.
Without further ado:
Edit: And furthermore, something I just saw, is that this proof makes complete sense if a = 1, because then the limit doens't have to be 0! Hah, don't you just love it when everything comes together so well?
"In the real world, this would be a problem. But in mathematics, we can just define a place where this problem doesn't exist. So we'll go ahead and do that now..."
Great proof in Latex! Your proof of
Good effort,Ricky!
Considering seri monotunely decreasing and bounded below has a limit, if your proof does not require a property of real numbers I would like to see it.
To Mikau, that is not a fair game, even when you choose 0.999999999 as a, n can be large enough to lower a^n down to 0.0000000001- the defination of limit is powerful enough to beat you.
Last edited by George,Y (2006-07-15 03:03:50)


text:
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
I love bicycles! I love the freedom to go where you want to go with the wind in your hair. Here is my newest Bicycle painting on ebay. It ends tonight! But if you missed it, I have BICYCLE prints in my etsy shop.
4 comments:
- rachel awes said...
she is darling,
tooling between
these tree rows!
love your art!x
- May 18, 2010 at 7:22 PM
- Sasa said...
I love bicycles too!! Nice painting. :)
- May 18, 2010 at 10:12 PM
- Euphoria said...
Bikes and cats, two of my favourite things in the world!!!
Lovely painting!!!
- May 19, 2010 at 2:42 PM
- Serpent Mandalas said...
Gorgeous! and nice almost night atmosphere.
- May 19, 2010 at 7:14 PM
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Hoolyboy - A Thing Of The Past [Brooklyn Submitted]
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Jean Esther (Orr) Phenicie, 89, Huntington, died at 6:54 a.m. at Parkview Regional Hospital, Fort Wayne.
Jean was born June 12, 1924 in Servia, Ind., to Scott and Iva Aughinbaugh Orr. Her parents preceded her in death.
Jean married James L. Phenicie on June 21, 1947. He preceded her in death on May 31, 2007.
Mrs. Phenicie graduated from Chester High School, North Manchester, in 1942 and from Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, in 1947. She attended Charity Baptist Church and was the pianist. Mrs. Phenicie was a homemaker and enjoyed sewing and flowers.
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Visitation and services were Thursday, Jan. 9 with funeral services to following at McElhaney-Hart Funeral Home, 715 N. Jefferson Street, Huntington, IN 46750.
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Nobody should.rats19 wrote:We really shouldn't lose to this team...
Well maybe Columbus.
Wow. Not an automatic.....except with these refs.
NHL refs that can allow a head shot and let McGratton run the Sedins.....but when it's a rule open to discretion like bench minors for chirping and slashing a composite stick near the blade.....fucking joke.
And then Sedin with an open net and he just taps at it......whip that puck into the net Dank. What the hell, are these guys paid to throw games?
I'm sure bountiful is planning the divisional title parade now.
I was laughing at the call on Hansen, so typical when the Canucks are pressing against a shit team that is only in the game because of the refs


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I wouldn't want to see the electric bill this month at Amway Center.
First, it was P!nk and her extravagant light-show and trapeze act, uh, concert.
Roughly 24 hours later, British progressive rock band Muse unleashed its over-the-top vision of arena excess in 1 hour and 45 minutes of weighty sensory overload on Monday at Amway.
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Oops, sorry.
Loved one had LP. Please excuse my pronouns (or lack thereof), this ordeal feels like I am experiencing the tests/pain/procedures as well. Luckily, there was no leak but she experienced a bad headache for a few days. Neurologist did put in an order for a blood patch, but did not go that route as the headaches resolved itself.
Chemistry testing back, all normal. No malignant cells, anti-bodies, proteins to be of any concern.
Figuring all this out is becoming harder by the day (or by the test result).


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Steve Jobs put an end to the Newton project, in part because he hated the concept of using a stylus. The original Palm Pilot was a runaway hit -- in part because of the use of the stylus and its handwriting recognition. Now, Palm is dead and Apple is ginormous and Samsung is trying to bring the stylus back with the Galaxy Note line... So, who was right?
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The TPS370x-xx family of microprocessor supply-voltage supervisors provide circuit initialization and timing supervision, primarily for DSP and processor-based systems.
During power-on, RESET is asserted when the supply voltage VDD becomes higher than 1.1 V. Thereafter, the supply voltage supervisor monitors VDD and keeps RESET active as long as VDD remains below the threshold voltage VIT+. When the supply voltage drops below the threshold voltage VIT–, the output becomes active (low) again. No external components are required. All the devices of this family have a fixed-sense threshold voltage VIT– set by an internal voltage divider.
The product spectrum is designed for supply voltages of 2.5 V, 3 V, 3.3 V, and 5 V. The circuits are available in either 8-pin MSOP or standard SOIC packages. The TPS370x-xx devices are characterized for operation over a temperature range of −40°C to 85°C.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
|Threshold Voltage 1 (Typ) (V)
|Number of supplies monitored
|VCC (Max) (V)
|VCC (Min) (V)
|Output driver type/reset output
|Time Delay (ms)
|Operating temperature range (C)
|Watchdog timer WDI (sec)


text:
xscreensaver-data-extra 5.10-3ubuntu2 (ia64 binary) in ubuntu lucid
XScreenSaver is a modular screen saver and locker for X11,
containing more than 200 screen savers.
This package contains the rest of the 2D screen saver modules
from the xscreensaver collection. This package is used by both
xscreensaver and gnome-screensaver.
This is the set of non-GL screensavers not shipped by default:
deco, distort, galaxy, metaballs, penrose, ripples, shadebobs, slidescreen,
sonar, swirl, ant, anemone, anemotaxis, apollonian, apple2, attraction,
barcode, blaster, blitspin, bouboule, boxfit, braid, bsod, bubbles, bumps,
ccurve, celtic, cloudlife, compass, coral, critical, crystal, cynosure,
decayscreen, deluxe, demon, discrete, drift, epicycle, eruption, euler2d,
fadeplot, fireworkx, flag, flame, flow, fluidballs, fontglide, forest, goop,
grav, greynetic, halftone, halo, helix, hopalong, hyperball,
hypercube, ifs, imsmap, interaggregate, interference, intermomentary, jigsqw,
juggle, julia, memscroller, mismunch, moire, moire2, mountain, munch,
nerverot, noseguy, pacman, pedal, penetrate, petry, phosphor, piecewise,
polyominoes, pong, pyro, qiz, rd-bomb, rocks, rorschach, rotor, rotzoomer,
sierpinski, slip, speedmine, sphere, spiral, spotlight, squiral, starfish,
strange, substrate, t3d, thornbird, triangle, truchet, twang, vermiculate,
vidwhacker, vines, wander, webcollage, whirlwindwarp, whirlygig, worm,
wormhole, xanalogtv, xflame, xjack, xmatrix, xrayswarm, xspirograph, zoom.
WARNING: This package includes the 'webcollage' screen saver, which
displays images that are the result of random web searches. The
Internet being what it is, absolutely anything might show up in the
collage of search results including -- quite possibly -- pornography, or
even nudity. Please act accordingly.
More display modes can be found in the xscreensaver-data, xscreensaver-gl
and xscreensaver-
- Package version:
- 5.10-3ubuntu2
- Status:
- Superseded
- Component:
- universe
- Priority:
- Optional
Downloadable files
Package relationships
- Enhances:
- Breaks:
- gnome-screensaver (<< 2.26)
- kscreensaver-xsaver (<= 4:4.2.4-1)


text:
Pop Bytes: Frank Ocean Is Quite Shy in 'SNL' Promos + More
- Frank Ocean is set to perform on 'SNL' this week and though he's had one of the biggest and best albums of the year, it seems as though the R&B crooner might be experiencing a bit of stage fright! Ocean was a bit shy in his promos with host Seth MacFarlane and cast member Fred Armisen. Maybe acting isn't quite his thing. [NBC]
- Though we think 'SNL' hit it out of the park by inviting Frank Ocean on their premiere show, it seems as though Lorne Michaels and the gang are having some problems selecting musical guests. So they've decided to start crowdsourcing the project. Fans are being encouraged to submit musical acts via social media. [SPIN]
- 'Gangnam Style,' is slowly taking over the world. A wedding party has joined in on the fueling of the Internet's most recent obsession with Psy's song and dance. [YouTube]
- Though she won't be performing, Demi Lovato will be present at the iHeartRadio Music Festival in Vegas as a presenter. [MTV]
- Joe Jonas and Nick Jonas (2/3 of the Jonas Brothers) are back on the music scene. And what better way to celebrate than to join John Stamos and his band on stage? Random? Yes. Awesome? Definitely. [PopDust]
- If you're a Directioner living in the New York City area, prepare your vocal chords because One Direction is playing a free concert at Rockefeller Plaza on Nov. 13! [MyFreeConcert]
- Pink has released a whole slew of lyric videos in anticipation of her upcoming album 'The Truth About Love.' [YouTube]
- 'American Idol' dreamboat Phillip Phillips performed his hit song 'Home,' on 'Ellen.' Even if you're not a fan of the song, the performance is worth watching for the eye candy. [YouTube]
Watch Frank Ocean in 'SNL' Promos


text:
Health Overhaul May Ease Costs Study Finds
A new study by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Health Research Institute shows it will be cheaper for employers and employees alike for companies to offer health coverage. (Photo: Getty Images)
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... the inventory and health care care Ch ... the cynical or small businesses more ... or less ... by Amgen Jelter MarketWatch and one of the burning issues with Obamacare is whether requiring small businesses ... to provide health care for their employees ... is going to drive up their costs ... can't afford ... or as some fear ... will result in massive layoffs ... or according to a study by PricewaterhouseCoopers and Health Research Institute ... the answer it could very well be that they actually save money ... will the study takes the hard work and health care coverage in Massachusetts which implemented its own universal coverage plan in two thousand and six ... and the resulting can a surprising ... since then the ratio of health care benefits offered by employers ... has dropped seven point five percent nationwide ... but is actually up one percent in Massachusetts ... and is now available to about ninety eight percent of the population part of its success behind the Massachusetts program is how it's treated by the tax cut ... in federal tax policy is key to the Affordable Care Act takes effect next year according to the study the combination of deductions available benefits both employees and employers more even if individuals reducing health care insurance on their own ... so there's actually an incentive for employers to provide health care coverage ... looking back in Massachusetts gains in employer sponsored health care coverage and been seen in such industries as construction ... transportation manufacturing ... and office work ... but those gains have been been universal coverage is actually fallen in the financial sector ... sales jobs and among management ... nevertheless and despite widespread misgivings ... the study concludes that the federal tax treatment of employer sponsored insurance ... has significant value to both the employee and employer ...


text:
Western Cape. A blend of Chenin Blanc, Clairette Blanche, Riesling, Viognier and Grenache Blanc.
Lemon-lime, spicy and peppery, clean with good acidity, with a hint of tangerine-peach toward the end and ever so slightly honeyed (which emerged toward the end as the wine warmed). A clean, tart finish.
Fairly simple, I suppose, but it matched very nicely to a spicy chicken stir fry.
Well priced at $11.95 Canadian. Screwcap closure.


text:
Sunday, October 09, 2005
Estonian girly night in
I spent last night 'eating and drinking in Estonian' - that's how we've come to call these nights in Edinburgh when couple of local Estonians meet up and 'practice' speaking in their mother tongue:) Yesterday it was three girls, with a fourth one joining us much later for a last glass of wine. We ate, drank wine, looked at my Mexican holiday photos and watched Nathalie on DVD. It was a very cosy and homely night in.
The menu was very simple as well. For the main course: potato-mince-tomato oven pie (see banner). These layered pasta or potato based dishes are increasinly popular in Estonia nowadays, though I cannot remember eating them in my childhood. This was accompanied by a very typical cucumber-dill-sour cream salad. And followed by yet another kama dessert. Which was trickier than I thought it would be. The recipe (scribbled down from a kama packet) is dead simple - mix whipped cream with curd cheese, kama powder, season with sugar and gently fold in some blueberries. I know I can't expect finding kama in the shops here, so I always stock up when at home. Curd cheese (kohupiim) is impossible to find here as well, but either ricotta or quark/kvark work well as substitutes. Blueberries aren't exactly in season, but can be still found in supermarkets. But when I headed to my local Tesco last night, there were no blueberries, no ricotta or quark, and no whipping cream. How frustrating is that exactly!!! Oh well, after popping in and out of several small corner shops, I finally found a tub of ricotta. And double cream - though a lot fatter and less fluffier - had to be used instead of whipping cream. And blueberries were replaced with spoonfuls of delicious home-made blackberry jam given to me by my University mentor in return for a jar of carrots with rosemary and orange. The result was really nice and definitely suitably Estonian finish to an Estonian night in.
Kartuli-hakklihavormi retsept
Kamajahuga mustikavahu retsept
Oh - and here is a picture of my breakfast. My flatmate has a Turkish-Kurdish couple staying over at the moment. And Fatosh, the wife, is a very good cook. She made those dainty Turkish feta-parsley-sesame pastries last night. These were absolutely delicious with my tea this morning:)
4 comments:
- Anne said...
I really have to look for Kama. I mentioned it to my dad - we were talking about how I had read your blog - and he got a distant look in his eyes, and you could really see he was dreaming back to his childhood. He said he could nearly taste it. Must. Track. It. Down. :)
- 4:57 pm, October 09, 2005
- Paz said...
What a fun night in, you had! I like the looks of your breakfast! ;-)
- 11:33 pm, October 09, 2005
- J said...
hi pille, hmmm...feta parsley and sesame pastries sound very very good...is the pastry filo? i have a packet lying around in the freezer and this sounds like a terrific way to use it up...
- 10:38 pm, October 10, 2005
- Pille said...
Anne - more than happy to have some kama sent over to you in Sweden!!! Drop me an email (petersoo (at) yahoo (dot) com).
Paz - breakfast was nice indeed. And tasty!
J - it wasn't filo pastry, but simple shortcrust, so it won't help you to create some space in your fridge:(
- 1:56 pm, October 11, 2005


text:
Delicate lace string that has a soft red lace front panel with a diagonal line that has a scallop edge and exciting strappy rear design. The gusset is cotton lined with a cover of red tulle that has a tiny polka dot pattern. The same tulle is used to infill the rear central diamond formed as the elastric straps cross each other. The Carina string by Axami is an intricate design and an alluring little garment. Ideal as a small gift on its own or combine it with any of the red designs within the Eclissi di Luna collection.
Check your size here. Measurements in cm are shown below the UK size.
We send all orders via Royal Mail and use completely plain wrapping.
The estimated despatch time is shown on each product page, in the check out and again in your purchase confirmaton email. If your order contains a mix of same day despatch and longer estimates the order will normally be consolidated to the later shipping time.
Once your order is on its way, it can take from 1 to 2 days (UK orders) and approximately 7 to 10 days for overseas orders.* Most deliveries require a signature on receipt.*Delivery timescales are estimates only and outside of our control - they may vary.
Over Christmas and New Year we extend the returns period to allow time for people to shop early and not have to worry about the deadline for returning something. We also take a break ourselves at this time of year and all inbound and outbound post stops during that period. So please DO NOT return an item now until after the 7th January 2019.
Returns Information:
You have 21 days from receipt of your order to return items for a refund or an exchange. At Christmas and Valentines Day we allow extra time so your can shop early. Please read the instructions below before completing a returns request form.
The Distance Selling Regulations allow you a "cooling off" period. You may cancel your order within 14 days of receipt. Cancellation must be in writing although no reason for cancellation is necessary. If you have already received the goods then for a cancellation you must return them unopened.
You cannot return any of the above (2 to 4) once they have been opened.
* Please provide accurate measurements when ordering a garment that is made for you. Alteration is only an option for garments that are too big.
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Despatch: Ships same working day if ordered before 12 noon.
Customers who bought this item also bought:
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£29.99Valentine Open G String
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text:
In a game filled with newcomers to Big 12 basketball, one of the few veterans made sure Oklahoma State came out on top.
Keiton Page scored 23 points, freshman Le'Bryan Nash matched his
career high with 21 points and the Cowboys held off a late Texas
Tech rally to open Big 12 play with a 67-59 victory on Wednesday
Page provided the final 12 points for Oklahoma State (8-6, 1-0
Big 12) and was the only Cowboy to score in the last 7 minutes.
After Oklahoma State's 13-point lead dwindled to two, Page hit a
step-back 3-pointer with 2:40 remaining to put the Cowboys up
60-55. After a miss on the next possession, Page curled around a
screen to hit another 3-pointer from the left wing and give OSU
(8-6, 1-0 Big 12) a six-point edge.
He added four free throws in the final 17 seconds to put the
game away.
"Page is a very, very good player and he's a dangerous player
and he makes their whole team. ... He really stood above everyone
when the game counted the most," Texas Tech coach Billy Gillispie
Freshman Jordan Tolbert had 13 points and 13 rebounds to lead
the Red Raiders (7-6, 0-1). Ty Nurse, Jaye Crockett and Javarez
Willis added 11 points apiece.
The game provided a fresh start for the two Big 12 teams who had
the worst records in nonconference play. The Red Raiders had
struggled with turnovers and become one of the nation's most
foul-prone teams, while Oklahoma State couldn't get steady offense
and lost three players - two who transferred and one to injury.
"It's nice to start out on a good note, knowing that every game
is going to be a battle for us," Cowboys coach Travis Ford said.
Hardly anyone on either team had played in a Big 12 game before.
Texas Tech returned three players for Gillispie's first season back
in the conference after a stint at Kentucky, and only two of the
players in Oklahoma State's rotation had Big 12 experience.
Of the newcomers, Nash - a McDonald's All-American - was the
most impressive.
Nash scored all 16 of his first-half points during a 24-7 surge
that put the Cowboys in the lead to stay. Nash converted a
three-point play after getting fouled during a scoop shot and added
a two-handed putback dunk and 3-pointer in addition to a series of
free throws during the hot stretch.
Nash also grabbed the rebound off of Cezar Guerrero's missed
3-pointer and kicked it out for Page's 3 that finished the spurt
and made it 32-20 with 4:06 left before halftime.
"He played like a top player, like he's supposed to play,"
said Oklahoma State's Markel Brown, who had 10 points off the
bench. "If he can come out and do that for us, we can have a lot
of chances to beat a lot of teams in this league."
The Cowboys' lead reached 13 early in the second half before the
Red Raiders started to chip away.
Tolbert, the freshman power forward who leads Texas Tech with a
15.4-point average, could not take advantage after the Cowboys'
starting post players went to the bench with four fouls just over 3
minutes into the second half.
Tolbert connected on a jumper in the lane just after Michael
Cobbins joined Philip Jurick on the bench but didn't score again in
10 minutes with both out of the game.
Instead, it was reserves Terran Petteway and Crockett who led
the Red Raiders back. Petteway and Crockett combined to score 12
points during Tech's 16-5 comeback, and Willis cut the deficit to
57-55 when he connected on a scoop shot as he fell down in the lane
with 3:14 to play.
That's when Page took over. Coming out of a timeout, he got the
ball on the left wing and took a few dribbles before a big step
backward for his crucial 3-pointer.
Tolbert had a right-handed throwdown to get Tech back within
60-57 before another 3-pointer by Page that Nurse and Willis both
tried to answer but missed.
"He's an overachiever. He's a kid that understands how to
score," Ford said.
Oklahoma State committed only two turnovers while winning its
Big 12 opener for the sixth straight season. In recent weeks, the
Cowboys had lost four of five while the team's two top point
guards, Fred Gulley and Reger Dowell, left the program and starting
guard Jean-Paul Olukemi suffered a season-ending knee injury.
"We've been through a lot the last week or so with a lot of
stuff and then obviously losing J.P," Ford said. "We really had
to go back to the drawing boards a little bit. We have guys out
there playing positions they had never played, we have guys out
there who have never played playing, and we were playing zone,
which we had never played."
Texas Tech, which had been ninth in the nation by making 50
percent of its shots, made a season-worst 39.6 percent.
"We're an inside-out team and we made a few shots and all of a
sudden we wanted to play away from the basket too much," Gillispie
"All these things I'm talking about are my fault. They're not
anyone else's other than mine because I have to keep on reinforcing
the way that we're going to play to give us the best chance to be
successful. We've got to be tougher. We've got to be a lot tougher
in the lane."
The Red Raiders have lost nine straight at Gallagher-Iba Arena
and fell to 3-20 all-time in the building, with one of the wins
coming by forfeit. They are 5-11 in Big 12 openers.
Oklahoma State holds off Texas Tech rally, 67-59
In a game filled with newcomers to Big 12 basketball, one of the few veterans made sure Oklahoma State came out on top.


text:
When Internet Video Bloggin Goes Wrong: Some Boy Hidin In A Mask Goes Off On 50 Cent! "F*ck You Punk B*tch. Nobody Care About Your 4th Album"
Epic Fail
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text:
Claire de Lune by Claude Debussy
Adoro seu bom gosto musical :)ReplyDelete
i love it, the picture is perfectReplyDelete
U SO NEKKIDReplyDelete
Beautiful shot! (:ReplyDelete
On of my favourite DeBussy's together with this wonderful shot. Not only do I love your photography, It is really amazing how you manage to combine all the shots with the perfect music - Thank you so much!
i love it, and it goes so well with this photo.ReplyDelete
I love Debussy, but I prefer the Beethoven one :)ReplyDelete


text:
Be a part of a unique online community that connects post production professionals and film academics worldwide.
You'll have access to personalize your news feed, access to Live Post Talks and much more. Contribute to the community by posting interesting post production content.
December 25, 2016, 7:39 am
We have time off from December 23, 2016 through January 2, 2017. We'll get back to responding to your technology preview feedback up our return. Happy Holidays. As a scientist with a Catholic upbringing, I find archaeology associated with Jesus... (...)
May 15, 2017, 5:24 am
If you want our new book, you can pre-order it here. Allow me to explain. Tom Wujec is one of my colleagues. I have blogged about Tom's exploits before: Congratulations to Tom Wujec, thought leader TED Blog: Visual note-taking with... (...)
April 17, 2017, 6:14 am
When I was growing up, entertainer, Anita Bryant, was featured in an ad campaign for Florida orange juice where she exclaimed: "Orange Juice. It's not just for breakfast anymore." I was reminded of this by a story I saw in... (...)
March 30, 2017, 5:28 am
Years ago Microsoft coined the term "eating one's own dogfood." They did this because they would publish the nightly build to all employees machines. As a result, all employees were running the latest version of the Windows operating system. If... (...)
March 20, 2017, 6:23 am
Technology previews are an opportunity for Autodesk customers to help shape the future of our technology. Based on the feedback that teams receive when they conduct a technology preview, one of three things happens: Graduation A technology graduates from Labs... (...)
October 24, 2016, 4:26 am
My colleague, Bill O'Connor, and I work on Autodesk innovation efforts. For example, we are part of a team that created our innovation.autodesk.com site: Check out the Autodesk site. The other day, Bill shared this article from 2004 (when 3-bladed... (...)
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The Autodesk vision is to help people imagine, design, and create a better world. In this pursuit, our mission is to deliver products and services that enable the Future of Making Things. Autodesk customers imagine, design, and create a better... (...)
September 14, 2016, 5:33 am
I have discussed a possible integration between Autodesk Fusion 360 and Project Dreamcatcher in previous blog posts: Summer Intern Uses Fusion 360 and Project Dreamcatcher to Imagine, Design, and Create a Cool-Looking Chair Generative Design Chair in the office of... (...)
February 8, 2016, 6:30 am
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional structural software helps engineers more quickly perform simulation, analysis, and code-based design for any type of structure. There's an active technology preview on Autodesk Labs for Dynamo Plug-in for Robot Structural Analysis. Autodesk React Structures... (...)
January 25, 2016, 6:30 am
As its name suggests, Autodesk Research is our research group. In addition to writing papers and presenting them at conferences, they also develop prototypes. Ryan Schmidt is one of the members on our research team, and the application he works... (...)
January 11, 2016, 9:35 am
My wife, Sheryl, and I have a townhouse at Crown Harbor in Alameda, California. In a series of blog posts, I outlined the process we followed to make some energy improvements to our home: A Modest Proposal: Results of My... (...)
Gordon sits down with the Sound Design team (Just nominated for an Oscar) for A Quiet Place. Ethan Van der Ryn and Erik Aadah ...
Gordon sits down with Wyatt Smith to discuss the editing of Mary Poppins Returns and the challenges the film presented him in ...
Gordon sits down with Chayse Irvin to discuss his approach to shooting BlacKkKlansman and his theories about cinematography.
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text:
The third place finish for the men's program is the best finish at this meet since at least 2000. The women's finish was the second best in program history for this meet (seventh in 2002, 2005 and 2006).
The men were led by freshman Tim Muller (Denver, Colo.) who covered the tough Vaughn's Gap 5-K course in 16:05. Another freshman, Ashton Fisher (Ellsworth, Mich.) followed closely behind Muller in 16:11. Jared Carlson (Rockford, Ill.), a senior, finished third in 16:24, while another pair of freshmen, Isaiah Greer (Johnson City, Tenn.) and Jeff Musick (Nashville, Tenn.) rounded out the Lipscomb top five in 16:26 and 16:32.
Jeff Hoover (Dickson, Tenn.), a junior, was the sixth finisher for Lipscomb in 16:33, followed by junior Jonathan Williams (Knoxville, Tenn.) in 16:34, sophomore Chad Martin (Coppell, Texas) in16:34, freshman Ben Wright (Vincennes, Ind.) in 16:58, sophomore Trace Carlson (Mt. Morris, Ill.) in 16:58, freshman Mike Yang (Oceanside, N.Y.) in 17:10, sophomore Benton Reed (Scottsboro, Ala.) in 17:12, senior Andrew Shankles (Knoxville, Tenn.) in 17:16, sophomore Cormac Carolan (Peachtree City, Ga.) in 17:19, sophomore Aaron Todd (Bedford, Ind.) in 17:33 and senior Paul Wright (Vincennes, Ind.) in 18:02.
Ryan Chastain, the programs top guy and returning All-A-Sun runner, didn't race this meet, making the record finish that much more impressive. Chastain looks to be back in action in two weeks at the Vanderbilt Invite.
"The guys were very impressive today!" said head Coach Bill Taylor. "Obviously the freshmen really stepped up with four in our top five, but the whole team did a great job.
"For the first mile-and-a-half the men were such an amazing pack. They just need to carry that through longer. We are a very young team. Great things are coming for this program, and today was just a taste."
Middle Tennessee State won the men's race with 45 points, Belmont was second with 57 points, Lipscomb was third with 78 points. There were seven men's teams in the race.
The women were led by junior captain Caitlin Anderson (Franklin, Tenn.). Anderson posted a 4-K time of 15:28 for the difficult Vaughn's Gap course, a 15-second improvement over last year, with reports that this year's course was a bit longer.
Anderson was followed closely by a trio of Lipscomb women, freshman Amanda Twigg (Cumberland, Md.) in 15:33, junior Jenny Randolph (Knoxville, Tenn.) in 15:42 (a 36-second improvement over last year), and freshman Shelby Marvel (Ashland City, Tenn.) in 15:42.
Rounding out the top five for Lipscomb was sophomore Louisa Van Batavia (Burns, Ore.) in 16:12, who improved her time in this race by 44 seconds over last year.
Priya Pappu, a freshman from Santa Clara, Calif., finished as the sixth runner for Lipscomb in 16:32, while senior Shannon Shoemake (Nashville, Tenn.) rounded out the top seven in 16:46. Right behind Shoemake, junior Valerie Winkler (Wheeling, Ill.) finished in 16:50, while junior Laura Stewart (Mt. Juliet, Tenn.) finished in 18:03.
Ashley Lehman, a sophomore from Harrisonburg, Va., didn't race this meet. She was Lipscomb's top finisher here last year. She should be back racing in two weeks at the Vanderbilt Invite.
"I was very happy with the women's effort today," said Taylor. "The top four really worked together for quite a while and Louisa fought hard. Three of our top five women in this race have been quite sick in the last week, so I really think they showed toughness here.
"We had a tough road in this meet though. SEC powers Vanderbilt, Alabama and Tennessee, A-Sun favorite Belmont, and perennially strong teams like UAB and Middle Tennessee were going to make it difficult on us. We will be at their level soon but we honestly aren't quite there yet."
Taylor was impressed with the dramatic improvements from most of his returning runners.
"When you drop 30-50 seconds at the same race a year later, it shows the progress that is being made," said Taylor. "The foundation is being built here for big success. There is a lot of room for improvement this season and I expect we will see our performance level and teamwork rise throughout. I'm very excited for the future!"
Vanderbilt won the women's race with 42 points, followed by Alabama with 57 points and UAB with 109 points.
The next race for Lipscomb will be in two weeks at the Vanderbilt Invite on Sept. 19. Hosted on the same Vaughn's Gap course, the women will run the more traditional 5-K distance and the men will move up to the full college 8-K distance.


text:
Staples memberships could save you more | Learn More
Ideal for use in classrooms, playrooms, churches, recreational centers, and at home, the ECR4Kids 36" Square All-Purpose Play & Work Activity Table provides a versatile and fun work-space. The attractive maple top features a heat-sealed thermo-fused maple grain edge banding to prevent against germ growth and provide a cohesive look that will hold up against everyday use. Durable round sand legs come in size of 22". The laminate tabletop is easy to clean and sanitize between science experiments and snack time, with rounded corners and edges for safety. Combine with ECR4Kids Bentwood Chairs for the perfect table and chair set.
|Furnishing Color
|Table Shape
|Table Type
|Height in Inches
|Width in Inches
|Depth in Inches
|Weight (lbs.)
|Item Material
|Laminated Wood
|Assembly Information
|Assembly Required
|Warranty Information
|5 Year


text:
Student or Learner
Television is a great invention that did not exist four or five decades ago. Many people like television including myself, and we find it hard to spend a day without watching television for at least ten minutes. By using the TV in a positive way, I surely think that it is not a waste of time. Watching TV is one of the best things to do at your leisure time; having fun while learning at least one thing for the day. TV is something our ancestors did not get a chance to see and had to go through many harsh methods to gain the knowledge needed, while we on the other hand can learn in our leisure time and relax at the same time using this amazing tool. Television is definitely not a waste of time because its a good tool for education and its also one of the best media tools and helps us be entertained.
For the past few decades, people were always using hard methods in order to learn new things because the TV was not invented at that time. Now that we have it, we are able to learn new stuff any time we want. Through television we are able to watch science discoveries from educational channels. No matter where new things are discovered, we are able to see it all from the TV around the world. There are animals and plants all over the world that we had no idea of their existence. When people learn about them, they like to share with the others around the globe. The easiest way to do so is to broadcast it and put it on TV so people like us can watch it from wherever we are, thats why I think it is such an incredible tool. There are many channels that teach us historical events which occurred long time ago. For example, the History Channel provides us lots of information about those events from the past. That helps most of the high school and university students with their history classes. Those people from the past, who didnt have this amazing tool, did not get a chance to learn this easy way that now we do.
Recently, television became one of the best media tools that is been used all over the world. Unlike computers that only few people have them in their houses, TV is owned by many people. In order to find out the latest everyday news thats happening around our world, people used to use radios which were not very developed at that time. We in the other hand have the TV and the best part is that you can hear and watch global news at the same time. The other thing that television helps people with is advertising. Thanks to the television companies are able to advertise their latest products and accessories on TV where we consumers can see. From TV we see what happen in other countries. For instance we could watch the debates that are going in the US recently. Watching TV is not only about learning new things, but is also about having fun and being entertained.
Many people including myself like to watch television, especially if weve had a hard full of events day, to help us relax and distract ourselves from heavy thoughts. The best thing we usually do is turn on the TV in order to watch a funny show like friends and try to lose all the stress. The other thing that I love about television is that we can watch sport matches live. I like watching soccer games live, and thanks to the TV I am able to do so whenever I want. Television usually helps us release all stress that we gain from all the things we do during the day. There is always a movie or a film that we like and we can spend some time having fun watching it. In order for us to distract the heavy thoughts in which we gain from what we do, we watch some television, and make ourselves feel better.
Television right now is one of the best tools out there nowadays. Many people think that watching TV is a waste of time, but I have to disagree with that statement. In addition to the huge knowledge we gain from watching TV, it is also one the best media tools, and works great for entertainment. It might be true that some people think watching television is a waste of time, but the advantages outweighs the disadvantages and that is because TV has a great impact in our daily lives.


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This photograph features an attractive couple posing for their portrait on their wedding day. The bride looks beautiful in her wedding gown and veil. She clutches a beautiful arrangement of flowers. The groom sits unusually close to his bride. This is a rather intimate image for the era that it was taken. The handsome groom is attired in formal wear and is holding a pair of gloves. The photographer is named Adler and his studio was in Brasov, Romania. The reverse of the photograph has advertising for the studio written in three languages, calling the city three different names. The Romanians used the word Brasov, the Hungarians called the city, Brasso, and the Germans referred to the city as Kronstadt. The city was significantly influenced by all three cultures. One of three Adler brothers is the photographer of this image. Leopold Adler (1848-1924) is the most likely candidate. Leopold Adler was the son of a Jewish factory owner. He came to Transylvania in 1872 and settled in the Kronstadt/Brasso area. He initially worked with his younger brother, Alfred, in the photo studio that his brother Moritz established in 1870. In 1873, he worked with Carl Bomches. After 1875, his brothers returned to Bohemia, and Leopold operated the studio and became a very successful photographer.He retired in 1900 and his assistant Josef Schuller took over the studio, but Leopold came out of retirement and returned to running his business between 1909 an 1915.
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One CommentLeave a comment
Only the chair separates them..very daring! It is a lovely photo:)