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Peer-Reviewed Publications
Found 26 resultsTitle
Filters: First Letter Of Title is I [Clear All Filters]
Incidence and Costs of Injuries to Children and Adults in the United States." Inj Epidemiol. 2018;5(1):37."
Improving Primary Care Provider Practices in Youth Concussion Management." Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2017:9922817709555."
Implementing a Trauma-Informed Approach in Pediatric Health Care Networks." JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(1):70-7."
The Influence of Enhanced Side Impact Protection on Kinematics and Injury Measures of Far- or Center-Seated Children in Forward-Facing Child Restraints." Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16 Suppl 2:S9-S15."
Inaccuracy of Federal Highway Administration's Licensed Driver Data: Implications on Young Driver Trends." Journal of Adolescent Health. 2014;55(3):452-454."
Implementation of a Theory-based, Non-clinical Patient Navigator Program to Address Barriers in an Urban Cancer Center Setting." Journal of Oncology Navigation and Survivorship. 2012;3(3)."
The Importance of Family to Youth Living in Violent Environments." Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2011;18(7):653-656."
Incidence and descriptive epidemiologic features of traumatic brain injury in King County, Washington." Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):946-54."
Incorporation of CPR Data into ATD Chest Impact Response Requirements." Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:79-88."
An initial evaluation of a culturally adapted social problem-solving and relational aggression prevention program for urban African-American relationally aggressive girls." J Prev Interv Community. 2009;37(4):260-74."
Investigating the link between gun possession and gun assault." Am J Public Health. 2009;99(11):2034-40."
Injury risk for children in rear impacts: role of the front seat occupant." Ann Adv Automot Med. 2008;52:109-16."
Identifying interventions that promote belt-positioning booster seat use for parents with low educational attainment." J Trauma. 2007;63(3 Suppl):S29-38."
Influences on youthful driving behavior and their potential for guiding interventions to reduce crashes." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i9-14."
Injuries to Child Pedestrians Admitted to an Urban Pediatric Trauma Center. Hannover, Germany; 2006.
An integrative model of pediatric medical traumatic stress." J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):343-55."
Introduction to the special issue: Posttraumatic stress related to pediatric illness and injury." J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):337-42."
Initial neurologic presentation in young children sustaining inflicted and unintentional fatal head injuries." Pediatrics. 2005;116(1):180-4."
Injury prevention: is the pediatric emergency department the appropriate place?" Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005;21(7):460-7."
Injury risk to restrained children exposed to deployed first- and second-generation air bags in frontal crashes." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(4):342-6."
Incidence and clinical significance of abdominal wall bruising in restrained children involved in motor vehicle crashes." J. Pediatr. Surg.. 2004;39(6):972-5."
The influence of harness type on child restraint system misuse." Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002;46:261-9."
Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints." Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002;46:213-30."


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The annual Havelock Heritage Blues Festival and Reverse Raffle is scheduled for 7 p.m. Friday at the Havelock Tourist and Event Center.
The annual Havelock Heritage Blues Festival and Reverse Raffle is scheduled for 7 p.m. Friday at the Havelock Tourist and Event Center.
The event serves as the largest fundraiser of the year for the Havelock-Cherry Point Rotary Club, which puts on the concert and raffle along with the Havelock Chamber of Commerce.
Proceeds go toward the Rotary club�s college scholarship program, the Coins for Alzheimer�s Research Trust, Polio Plus and local nonprofit groups through the Havelock chamber and Rotary club.
Reverse raffle tickets are $150 each and include admission for two for the concert and the chance to win the grand prize of $5,000.
The reverse raffle tickets will be drawn during the concert, with the final winner being drawn after the performance.
Individual concert tickets are available in advance for $25 at the Havelock Chamber of Commerce, located inside the Havelock Tourist and Event Center. Tickets will also be available at the door.
A barbecue dinner will be provided as part of the admission price.
Scheduled to perform at this year�s concert are Captain Luke, Big Ron Hunter and Cool John Ferguson, all of whom are associated with the Music Maker Relief Foundation.
For more information on the concert, call the Havelock Chamber of Commerce at 447-1101, stop by the chamber office at the tourist center or go online to www.havelockchamber.org.
For more information or to purchase tickets for the reverse raffle, contact Rotary Club members Frank Amato at 447-8178, Tim Newton at 447-7372, Nate Johnson at 675-0686 or Gary Baldree at 671-6711.


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Minutes - Woodbury County Zoning Commission Meeting
September 26, 2005
The meeting convened on the 26nd of September, 2005 at 7:06 PM in the Board of Supervisors Meeting Room in the Court House, Sioux City, Iowa. Present were the following Commission members – Chairman Don Groves, Dwight Rorholm, and Grady Marx; Arvin Nelson arrived late; Larry Tobin was absent; Zoning Staff: John Pylelo and Peggy Napier; Riley Simpson, Dennis and Judy Bollmeyer, and Dan Kriener from the public were in attendance. Also present were public citizens on the attached list. Chairman Groves informed those present the meeting was being audio taped.
The first agenda item was approval of the previous meeting's minutes of August 22, 2005.
Minutes of the August 22, 2005 Zoning Commission meeting were approved on motion made by Mr. Marx; seconded by Mr. Rorholm; motion carried.
The second agenda item was the review and recommendation of Final Plats of Bollmeyer's First Addition Subdivision – Parcel #883515.
The Woodbury County Office of Planning and Zoning has received a Subdivision application from Dennis and Judy Bollmeyer for the Bollmeyer First Addition Subdivision. The Bollmeyers intend to develop 31.563 acres into five lots for residential development. Four of the five lots will be subdivided with the intention of single family residential development. The fifth lot, a flag lot consisting of 19.345 acres, will remain in agricultural production.
A 2.738 acre Outlot A on the west side of the subdivision will provide access to property also owned by the Bollmeyers to the South. The remainder of the property within 40 acre tract lies to the East of the proposed subdivision and was recently sold to Mr. Randy Ryan. Mr. Ryan did not wish to be part of the Bollmeyer's proposed subdivision.
The property is located in the NW ¼, NE ¼, of Section 7 Concord Township less than 1 mile east of Sioux City and abutting the south side of 110th St. A paving agreement will not be required as 110th St. is a paved, county maintained roadway.
The property is zoned AG (Agricultural) with the intended use permitted within this Zoning District. The property is question is within two miles of the corporate limits of Sioux City and will require approval by the City Council of Sioux City.
The property has a 39.05 average Crop Suitability Rating. Notifications were sent with no additional agency or property owner making comment since your conditional approval of the preliminary plats.
At your August 22, 2005 meeting your Commission recommended approval of the Preliminary Plats subject to the Office of Planning and Zoning researching a specific issue. Specifically the issue of existence of any statutory or County ordinance requirement to include entire portions of any forty (40) acres tracts within the platting process and assigning lot designations thereto. Research shows no such requirement exists.
Review of past approved subdivisions indicates a mixture of situations where up to entire forty (40) acre tracts (quarter/quarter sections) have been platted with lot designations. Other subdivisions plat only portions of 40 acre tracts. In most cases where lot designations for the entire 40 acre tracts are shown the property is owned by the applicant developer or a family member.
It is the recommendation of the office of Planning and Zoning that your Commission consider the following or similar policy:
Direct the Office of Planning and Zoning to enforce the following subdivision policies:
Preliminary plats are to plat the boundaries of all quarter-quarter sections (40 acre tract(s)) in which any subdivision lot lies. Topographic and all other required preliminary plat information is to be shown for the included area.
Developer applicants shall have discretion in determining lot designations for a portion or all of the forty (40) acre tract(s) impacted subject to meeting all other ordinance requirements.
Final plats will include plat information on the same area less topography and structure information.
The Preliminary Plats of the Bollmeyer First Addition subdivision adhere to the above referenced recommendation. At your meeting of August 22, 2005 your Commission voted, subject to the research previously discussed, to recommend to the Board of Supervisors that they approve the Preliminary Plats for the Bollmeyer First Addition Subdivision
At their meeting of September 13, 2005 the Board of Supervisors considered your
Preliminary Plat recommendation reviewed the Final Plats and now refers said Final Plats to your Zoning Commission for review and recommendation.
Chairman Groves asked the Commissioners if they wanted to have any action on the recommendations that Mr. Pylelo included in his narrative to direct the planning and zoning on the preliminary plats. Mr. Rorholm preferred to discuss it at a later date and Mr. Pylelo wished to wait until all five (5) commission members were present. A discussion was tabled until further notice. Mr. Marx asked if the Commission was making a single subdivision exception in the Bollmeyer case. Chairman Groves and Mr. Pylelo said that was not the case and Mr. Pylelo had found evidence in similar situations where Planning and Zoning had both included the 40 acres and not included the 40 acres in consideration of a subdivision and the Bollmeyer case did not set a precedence.
Chairman Groves asked if there were any other considerations or questions from the Commission on the Bollmeyer preliminary plats.
Mr. Rorholm said he did not think a potential paving agreement was needed in the eventuality that (flag) lot five (5) became developed. His assumption was at the time of development the paving agreement would be discussed. Chairman Groves agreed and added that the accesses indicated on the final plat for lots 1 and 2, and lots 3 and 4 were from Hwy D12. Groves further stated a (county wide) regulation prohibits three (3) or more entrances from one (1) access road off a county road. Commissioners Rorholm and Marx discussed whether Secondary Roads had approved a paved road on the 60 foot wide section of the flag lot and Mr. Pylelo stated it would have to be approved in the eventuality of development. Mr. Rorholm was concerned that the setbacks of structures on lots 2 and 3 might be affected if the abstracts didn't currently reflect the status of the 60 foot portion of the flag lot. He wanted to be sure that no temporary entrances to lots 2 or 3 be made using the 60 foot easement that would be required to cease should development commence on flag lot 5. Dan Kriener assured the Zoning Commission it was never the intent of the Bollmeyers to use the 60 foot easement as an access point.
Mr. Marx agreed with Mr. Pylelo to approve the final plat as is and made a motion to that effect. Mr. Rorholm seconded the motion.
Chairman Groves asked if there were any further discussion or comments pertaining to the Bollmeyer final plat before the motion was carried. Mr. Rorholm stated he wished the final plats to be conditional to his concerns.
Mr. Rorholm wished to amend the motion saying the Commission would not allow side entrances to lot 3 and lot 2 off the 60 foot access point. Mr. Marx said he wished for the motion to be left as is and let the setbacks determine where and when they build them.
Chairman Groves restated the current proposal adding he had no problem including that it was not the intent of the Bollmeyers to use that entrance only if lot 5 was developed. Mr. Ror holm stated that he would approve of adding that statement to the proposal; that the 60 foot access way between lot 2 and 3 is intended specifically for access to lot 5 and lot 5 only.
There was now a motion on the floor by Grady to accept it as is; a second by Mr. Rorholm with an amendment stating the 60 foot access is to be used only as an access to lot 5 as the drawing shows. Motion carried.
Mr. Rorholm made a motion to recess the meeting in the Board room and move downstairs for the final public discussion of the 2005 Development Plan. Mr. Marx seconded the motion. Motion carried.
Mr. Marx made a motion to reconvene the meeting in the jury room of the basement. Mr. Rorholm seconded the motion. Motion carried.
The third Agenda item was a Public Hearing to accept comments on the proposed draft of the Woodbury County's 2005 General Development Plan.
Mr. Riley Simpson was present to continue dialogue and answer citizen inquiry in a formal public hearing format regarding Woodbury County's 2005 General Development Plan and the latest draft dated August 20, 2005. Copies were made available to those who wanted one for review and reference. This latest plan draft was submitted and discussed at the Zoning Commission August 22, 2005 meeting. Mr. Simpson, Mr. Pylelo, and the Zoning Commission were there to accept formal public comments and make further document revision where determined warranted.
Mr. Simpson began by polling those present to determine how in-depth his review need be. He presented a condensed version of the August 20, 2005 Development Plan and a reminder that the full plan including appendices could be found in the Planning and Zoning office or on the county website. The questions brought up by the public and issues discussed follow:
• A gentleman from the audience asked what the deadline was for getting the plan and the new ordinances and regulations done.
Mr. Pylelo thought the finished plan should be ready for the Board of Supervisors by approximately March 31, 2006. We could look forward to an adoption by the Board by April or some time shortly thereafter. We will see to the public notices, the advertising and the mailings to all who are on our mailings lists. The public was also encouraged by Mr. Simpson to call him and Mr. Pylelo as often as they need to and make sure they hear and understand what the public has to say.
• Kathy Bergen on Buchanan Ave. said that the city was planning on annexing her land and she wanted to know if the new development plan would affect her at all.
Mr. Simpson said that as he understood Sioux City's plan, they were not actively planning to annex out to (Kathy Bergen) or anybody else. They are expecting that if the city grows out to where (Mrs. Bergen) lives, that other people have annexed their property voluntarily; then their (the city's) plans and their regulations will prevail. Until (the city) annexes, what Woodbury County adopts will prevail.
• A gentleman asked if any members of the Board of Supervisors were in attendance this evening.
Chairman Groves answered that Board member Mark Monson was in attendance.
Mr. Monson stood and was recognized.
• A gentleman asked if the draft of the ordinances would be the draft out of the ordinances of 2003.
Chairman Groves and Mr. Marx from the Commission and Mr. Simpson all replied that the ordinances would start from ground zero, but obviously Mr. Simpson would take the 2003 ordinances and the existing 1971 ordinances as "kind of a starting point," but he would rewrite whatever he has to to make it work.
The gentleman asked if they would see them at public meetings as well.
Mr. Simpson said they would be at the public meetings but would be on the website several weeks ahead of the public meeting as well.
• A gentleman commented that what was on the screen was not the same thing as what was drafted that they had been handed.
Mr. Simpson explained what was on the screen had been condensed in the interest of time and brevity. The public should refer to the draft they had been handed for actual wording and expanded content. Mr. Simpson said there should not be any material difference.
• Board of Adjustment member Kenneth Gard called Mr. Simpson's attention to several areas in the draft that were open for interpretation.
o (pg. 22 – Transportation Goal) "Woodbury County 'shall' develop and support…10.2…expand air service for passengers and freight at the Sioux Gateway Airport." Mr. Gard asked if Mr. Simpson had made a commitment there that the Supervisors would have to donate money/tax dollars to support the airport? He further suggested that Mr. Simpson take the word "shall" out and replace it with the word "may."
o (pg. 21 – Facilities and Operations Goal) "Woodbury County 'shall' provide adequate public facilities and services to support growth and development." Mr. Gard wondered if what was meant by "development" was that "the County" would put the streets in for them.
Mr. Simpson didn't think that was what was intended, but made notations regarding Mr. Gard's concerns.
o (pg. 17 – Land Use Goal - 1.8) Develop intergovernmental agreements ("28E") with the city of Sioux City, Sergeant Bluff and other growing cities to eliminate unnecessary duplications in future subdivision, land use and zoning review. Mr. Gard questions whether "the county has any right to obligate me to avail Sioux City, or any other cities joinorary connections when I can't vote for them. I don't think you can answer those. I think that has to be handled through the county.
Mr. Simpson explained that 28E is "a section of state code that provides for the authority for cities and counties and other public agencies to enter into agreements to share their powers and duties. 28E is the chapter of state code that allows (interjection by audience member)…more like inspection services… (Simpson) It's jargon that people who work for the government use in the state of Iowa.
Mr. Pylelo added that he thought where Mr. Gard, a member of the Board of Adjustment who was very well tuned to some of the issues that were being presented, was going was historically Woodbury County and the city of Sioux City in the past have sat down at tables to discuss urban services agreements – essentially the "28E" agreement – whereby, within a specific locale or an area within the corporate limits of the city, there would be a sharing, or turning over, of responsibilities in regard to things like building codes, zoning designations, roadway improvements, maintenance…those types of things. We have another player in this whole mix in Woodbury County; a major player now, Sergeant Bluff. It is possible, to maintain the line of communication, Woodbury County is justified and should sit down with those entities to discuss their future growth so we know what's going on, and maybe, in some instances, should relinquish some of the authority it has in specific locales. On the other hand, there maybe are some areas in Woodbury County where the city of Sioux City and the city of Sergeant Bluff as well as any other incorporated area have some jurisdictional capabilities and that is the two (2) mile limit. Right now if you want to do a subdivision in Woodbury County - you saw it happen tonight in the meeting - there is a provision in the state code which provides the city of Sioux City (in this example) the right to approve or disapprove the subdivision if it is within two (2) miles of the city limits of Sioux City. Should we sit down at a table with Sioux City or Sergeant Bluff or any of the other towns and decide in these areas maybe (the city) should have something to say? That is, where is your town going to grow and eventually what area will be in the city limits? Should you have something to say about the growth? Likewise, if it isn't in your plan to grow into a certain area and it is within two (2) miles, maybe you should relinquish all that jurisdiction back to Woodbury County so we can make that area grow the way we see fit. I am not saying that it is going to happen, I am not saying it isn't. I think, for the best service of Woodbury County, we need to listen to what the cities of Woodbury County have to say and where they are going so we aren't kept in the dark and have to knee-jerk react to issues. We can plan ahead with them.
• Garrett Anfinson from 220th St. commented if there were rules and regulations in place, it is extremely important that they be enforced. His specific issue was the developed area around his property that had driveways but no culverts creating a water runoff problem. He claimed the issue had been brought up at previous meetings with no satisfactory resolution. He also mentioned those who made decisions coming onto his property and telling him he could no longer shoot on his property or bring horses onto his property anymore.
Mr. Pylelo asked him to please call him at his office so they could discuss specific issues and find a way to resolve them with the appropriate departments.
Mr. Anfinson felt there might be a breakdown with communication between the departments in the county and suggested the county attempt to address that issue first.
Mr. Anfinson also felt traffic accommodations were not being considered in the configuration of the development around his land.
Mr. Pylelo stated if he was hearing Mr. Anfinson correctly, Mr. Anfinson would like to see some kind of coordination that would focus residential subdivision development to paved roads. He assured Mr. Anfinson that he and the Commission have heard and promised to follow through on Mr. Anfinson's concerns. Mr. Simpson agreed with Mr. Pylelo's assessment. Commissioner Rorholm suggested maybe Anfinson was referring to some kind of access control point to subdivision developments. A citizen asked it be repeated for clarity to the audience which Mr. Simpson did. Mr. Simpson also stated possibly they were talking about processes of reviewing…quality development that don't create more problems for everybody immediately and on into the future.
Mr. Pylelo iterated for the public "the question was the impact of the current use of driveway permits… a procedure through the County Engineer's office of Secondary Roads. Basically (Secondary Roads) is looking for visibility and minimal site distances as low as 200-300 feet between drives. You could squeeze a whole lot of drives every 200-300 feet. I think we're talking about something a whole lot more stringent here." Pylelo agreed with Anfinson that the drives would still require culverts.
• (Mr. Gard continues: pg. 22 – Public Safety Goal - 9.2) "Clean and regulate nuisances and poorly maintained properties. This includes the continued efforts to regulate… residences/farm yards…" Mr. Gard believes that farm yards and farm equipment should be exempt from such a regulation. If it is exempt, it should not be listed under junkyard ordinances.
Mr. Simpson said it was not exempt from the county saying they have a policy of trying to clean things up. He also clarified that what he was there to discuss was not ordinances, which have not been written yet, but policy statements that the ordinances would be based on. Simpson thought the policy did not have as much to do with farm equipment that is obviously being used regularly as it did accumulations of junk and salvage that was obviously no longer being used, buildings that were falling down and becoming eyesores and safety hazards for neighbors in the county. Simpson promised to review the policy statement for purposes of clarification.
• A member of the audience stated if someone came onto a farmer's property and was injured by anything on his property, was the farmer liable considering the individual had no right to be on the property in the first place.
Mr. Simpson conceded it was a good question and worth consideration. He also paraphrased the definition of nuisance as "whatever negatively affects another person's ability to enjoy the use of their property is a nuisance." Mr. Simpson continued, "As I sit on my front porch, I feel that my property is not as valuable or as useful because of what my neighbor is doing or has done with his property; that may be a nuisance to me. Then when I complain to my local public agency…he has to decide what you are going to do to make everybody happy."
The gentleman felt that the person who moved there first or the next person to buy it needed to be made aware of those possible consequences. He was referring to something such as a dilapidated building.
Mr. Pylelo explained that current ordinances in Woodbury County did not provide for citing someone because they have a building that is dilapidated. It is not interpreted as being a public safety hazard. It may arguably be "sitting across the road and be considered a public nuisance because it doesn't look good, but there are plenty of other issues of more dire concern and I can't get to this one and might just let it go." Mr. Pylelo recommended that nuisance ordinances be stand-alone ordinances outside of the zoning ordinances that would be adopted separately by the Board of Supervisors and they could decide who would enforce it. "If it is my office, so be it; if it's the sheriff's division, so be it. Typically when you get a nuisance issue, the sheriff's office is involved in some way either on the enforcement side or citing by ticket…but what we heard in all the town meetings was that you want less ordinances, you want less rules, (members in audience declaring "right, right") and you can get into this huge catch-your-tail thing and asking how you are protected from this or that. The way you do it is you make more rules; just what you don't want. So you've got to help us find a way. What are you willing to live with to protect you without feeling, like some people do, you don't want us to do any of it."
Mr. Simpson agreed. Mr. Anfinson reiterated the issue of making regulations and following through with them. Mr. Pylelo agreed.
• A gentleman in the audience suggested Mr. Simpson and the Commission get a rough draft of the new ordinances and regulations out for review by the public as soon as possible. He further explained that policies are open for interpretation by each individual reading them, but when the ordinances and regulations are written, they become hard and fast rules that are very limited in their interpretation. He felt they would be easier to critique and give feedback on because it's more of a yes or no decision.
Mr. Simpson agreed. He said, "What you saw tonight was not law, but a policy that hopefully will create a background for the law that is going to be created. Until you've seen the ordinances that are going to be drafted, you don't really have anything to chew on."
• (pg. 20 – Residential Goal – 5.6) Another gentleman asked to comment on this policy: "Establish separation for proposed residential development in proximity to an established feedlot or livestock confinement operation." He thought Mr. Simpson might want to include other non-livestock farms that have been established such as grain handling facilities whose dryers can be quite noisy. The Commission might want to discourage developments from forming close to these facilities because of the noise pollution. In other areas of the state they have been forced to shut down and not operate in the evenings because of the disturbance of sleeping families living close to them.
• A woman in the audience asked that there be allowed more options in the new ordinances so that when/if they sold their land, the new owners would be able to use the land for the same purposes for which it had been developed. She felt the ordinances drawn up in the 2003 plan were too much like blanket ordinances that shouldn't have been made to apply to everyone alike.
Mr. Simpson assured her that the last zoning map was a mistake and, while he admitted there may be some mistakes in his plan as well, that was one mistake he would not be making.
• Another woman asked for Mr. Simpson's definition of "Grandfathered in." If there were a change in an ordinance, did that mean that change stays with the property or with the person who owns the property?
Mr. Simpson explained that "the zoning goes with the land, not with the ownership, so when land is sold, the zoning classification stays the same and the rules stay the same until you cease to operate what was a legal use at the time that the new regulation was published. If there is a legal, non-conforming use, you are allowed to continue it. There are provisions in some ordinances…for amortizing non-conforming uses over a period of time, but that can be quite a process and I haven't heard anybody talking about wanting to do that."
• (pg. 19 – Agricultural Goal – 3.6) Whereas the policy says "To the extent that the State of Iowa grants authority to the counties, location of feedlots and livestock confinements in close proximity to existing residential development will be discouraged," Mr. Gard asked that the reverse also be stated.
Mr. Simpson repeated that policy 5.6 was designed to do just that.
o Susan Wollesen interpreted that policy as being backward. If her farm were agriculturally zoned, then she is where she is supposed to be. If a city person moves out to an agriculturally zoned area and does not like the smells or conditions of the farming areas around them, then they are the ones who should not be there.
Mr. Simpson explained that the state of Iowa will regulate the location of larger scale feeding facilities. The facilities that fall below their threshold of review would still be allowed as exempt agricultural uses, and it's up to the feedlot owner to determine whether or not he is comfortable with what kind of neighbor he is to the people who live in the house next door to where his feedlot is. Mr. Pylelo said from day one it has been a theme in Woodbury County to protect Ag ground. He said "We recognize we're an Ag based county and we need to protect agriculture, and I believe when we draft these ordinances, we're going to do our darnedest to do that and where we don't, we have a mechanism in place where you're going to tell us we didn't do it. So don't quit tonight; don't think your job is over tonight. You have got to keep your thumbs on us. We're going to try to do this right this time. But we still need your help.
Chairman Groves said, "Don't favor residential development. Stick with the county and the farmers.
Mr. Simpson added, "And this would be easier, frankly, if we could just say there won't be anymore residential development. But I don't think that's going to fly. There are too many people who want to move out into the country, there's plenty at stake, and it is a business."
"But then, they'll have to just put up with what the farmer's are doing," said Mrs. Wollesen. "If they're kept up at night because someone is drying their crop in, it's tough luck."
• A gentleman asked how does the county "qualify between a farmer and an industrial person who has another job someplace else." There are farmers who also have jobs in town to compensate for the income that isn't coming in from their farms.
The Commission acknowledged that was a tough question. Mr. Pylelo stated that the question cuts right to the chase. He explained that since 1971 the county had a "principal income test." Farmers would come in for a building permit, expect to be farm exempt and would be allowed to put structures right up to their fence lines and all the other benefits, but what proves they are farmers and should be exempt above all else? Having to ask to prove their income is rarely well received. Mr. Pylelo wants to find a way to change that but it is very difficult. It is still under discussion with Mr. Simpson and the Commission. Other options have been how the land is being used and the amount of land being used agriculturally.
o Tom Bride thought "the easiest and safest way (to determine if one is Ag exempt) would be to abide by state law because any case that doesn't abide by state law goes to the state supreme court… and it strictly goes to use, (regardless of the size). Mr. Pylelo commented that if that was the easiest, you have to wonder why most counties don't use this method. Mr. Bride repeated if it gets to that level, that is the method that will be used – his argument being; why isn't that means used at the bottom level.
Mr. Simpson stated there is a reason why people have restrictions regarding where to put their homes and their outbuildings in a residential setting. There are reasons for the setback regulations, for total land coverage and for building height. "To have that be exempt on the basis of it being a farm is a matter of 'that's the way state law reads,' so, yes, it's exempt, but if you grant that exemption to somebody who has a very, very nominal agricultural pursuit, and is basically just living on the land, what's to keep somebody from living on an acre of land and as long as you went out and bought the billygoat to roam in the back yard, you're claiming you're agricultural and exempt from everything. That's the dilemma. How do you get from strawberry plant through the billygoat to the guy who is actually doing row crop farming or livestock production?"
Mr. Bride commented, "I think the biggest problems that come from developments that take place in the county are, at the time the use of the land changes then they have the farmers. They (the farmers) have to agree to it or they can't provide them. The development could be as small as 3-5 parcels."
Mr. Pylelo asked, "What if they carve 2 acres off of a 40 (acre parcel) and wants to put a 60 foot by 40 foot building right up against the lot line and it screws up the visibility down the roadway. Is he allowed to do that? His exemption says he would be. A man asks, "what is the use of the building?" Mr. Pylelo replies, "Well, if he is exempt, he can use it for whatever he wants." Mr. Bride replies, "If he uses it for a body shop, he can't be exempt for Ag." Mr. Pylelo asks, "What if he has another building back there where he has 60 hogs?" Obviously, then he is exempt.
A man in the audience wanted to revisit Mr. Pylelo's comment on state law. The gentleman observed that no one has challenged the state laws yet to see what the actual outcomes would be. Mr. Pylelo agreed. Mr. Bride asked if the county created a regulation that survived to the state level, what would the cost be to the county?
Mr. Simpson assured the gentleman they are trying to figure out how to draft a regulation that actually accomplishes the goal of keeping agriculture and farming exempt and things that aren't agriculture and farming regulated and enforced.
The gentleman explained that he was interested because he has 2 ¼ acres that he lives on that used to be part of a farm that he had a partnership in. He kept the 2 ¼ acres as the settlement in the partnership that broke up. He has lived there for 46 years. He has pastured 2 of the neighbors cows every year on the 2 ¼ acres to keep from mowing the grass. He is concerned that the county will not consider him to be agriculture.
Mr. Pylelo admitted he did not have a satisfactory answer for him.
• A different gentleman asked if Woodbury County Supervisors had any say when the small towns want to annex the surrounding property and they can't stop them from taking from their tax base.
Mr. Simpson's answer was "no," the Supervisors did not have a say. He also said that was the same question the Plymouth County Supervisors have been asking for the last 2 months about what has been happening on the north side of Sioux City. The voluntary annexation where the property owner has petitioned to annex to a city is completely a situation where that property owner and that city talking back and forth and going through the legal process. Nobody else has any say in the process.
"He couldn't incorporate me in at the same time, could he?"
Mr. Simpson replied there was a complicated answer and offered to discuss it with him later.
• Mr. Gard brought up pg. 17 – Land Use Goal – 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3)
1.1 – Adopt a land use plan that designates areas for anticipated future population and business growth needs of the County.
1.2 – Adopt development regulations that promote efficient, stable land uses with minimum conflicts and provision of public infrastructure.
1.3 – Encourage development near cities by discouraging leap-frog development outside of municipalities.
Regarding 1.3 he asked what would be done to prevent him from "leap-frog development."
Mr. Simpson answered the steps involved would be;
o The subdivision review and approval process; the development must be in conformance with the approved plan in that jurisdiction. If it is determined that your development doesn't conform to the Comprehensive Plan…
(Mr. Gard interjected with…) I have the right to subdivide my properties.
(Mr. Simpson) You do…in conformance with the approved plan in this jurisdiction.
So if I'm right next to another subdevelopment, then I can't…
The strict interpretation of that would say, yeah, that's true.
And that's what Planning & Zoning wants. They're going to make everybody come…
I think … you just raised the issue and it will have to be determined whether that's what we want to do or not. I'll stand behind the idea of the statement. Rather than have developments 2 and 3 miles out from a city, and a big gap between them, shouldn't it make sense that the development proceeds out from the populated area rather than the…
Not to me.
…well, this lady up here is concerned about the people coming out from town and building their little hacienda right next to where she might want to do something agricultural. The more you can concentrate that development closer to the city, the less there is going to be an intrusion into the ag land out in the country.
• Mr. Bride pointed out that Mrs. Wollesen's remarks were supported by policy number 5.11 (on pg 20 under Residential Goal) which states; Promote awareness of the realities of living in rural residential areas located near agricultural production areas including the dust, the use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, as well as animal noises and smells.
Mr. Bride thought this policy is a good idea and every home that gets built in the county needs to have that awareness.
Mr. Simpson pointed out there is information on the county's website that instructs urban folks intending to move into the country on what to realistically expect. Other counties have handouts on their counters that they give to those who come in for a building permit. Woodbury County Planning and Zoning has a publication called Guidelines For Country Living they give to urban folks moving out into the country that reviews every conceivable issue there could be regarding how their lifestyle will change living in the country.
• Mrs. Wollesen said they had 5 1/2 acres and a 55' X 75' barn and they are zoned Ag. She asked if her zoning were changed from Ag would there be building size requirements they would have to meet. Her question was, if you have a building in a nonconforming position on your parcel, would you be allowed to keep it if the land it was on was rezoned. Also, if it burned down, would you be able to replace it.
Mr. Pylelo explained wherever any structures were on the land, if the zoning changed they would be grandfathered in. If any nonconforming structure were destroyed more than 60%, under the current zoning ordinances she would have an issue. Even though it does not seem to be fair, if that structure didn't fit existing zoning, he would not be able to issue a building permit for a similar structure; unless he were to have his situation reviewed and approved by the Board of Adjustment.
Mr. Bride asked if it were correct that potentially the land would be useless if denied by the Board of Adjustment.
Mr. Simpson agreed that it would be a hardship to have a piece of ground that had always been smaller than the zoning district it's in.
Mrs. Wollesen wondered if she would need a larger parcel if they would not zone it Ag at its present size.
Mr. Pylelo said, "Size has nothing to do with whether you're Ag or not; it's how you actually use the ground. Mr. Simpson added there is an agriculture zone that is called that, but if you are practicing agriculture, if you are farming, you are exempt from zoning regardless of what the zoning district is.
A gentleman in the back brought up a question about how insurance companies deal with nonconforming situations when the county will not allow you to rebuild in the same location. His understanding was they want you to rebuild in the same location.
Mr. Pylelo assured him the Board of Adjustment has evaluated hardship issues respectfully and prudently, and usually have worked most of the issues out. It was entirely possible this situation would be considered a hardship issue.
• A gentleman noted that on the cover of the Plan that he received, it said the Plan was for the next 20 years. He asked what would happen if things changed and he and others no longer liked the plan 6 years from now or one week from now. He asked if the Supervisors voted and accepted the policies as is, did that mean the policies were accepted as is for the next 20 years?
Mr. Pylelo explained that the policies were in there to allow them to draft ordinances. The might last for 50 years or they might last a year. Even though the ordinances that are currently being used were adopted in the 1970s, they have been revised and amended many, many times.
Mr. Simpson said the Plan says that it is for the next 20-25 years, but we should update that plan every 5 or 10 years at the most. The fact that we have gone from the 1970s to 2003 without formally updating the county's plan was not the way it was supposed to be. The 1970s plan probably had a year 1990-2000 year horizon. It should have been updated every 5-10 years to bring the new data that has been going on into the thought process so that you are always looking ahead to the next 20 years when you do that process in a much more frequent basis.
An unidentified man stated the lesson that had been learned when they went through the process in 2002-2003 was that we didn't need to hire a large Nebraska firm to do our work when we can turn around and have someone who lives right here in the county do the job for us. He wanted to be reassured that Mr. Simpson would be available again in 5 years for an update.
• A woman in the back asked about the status of a revised zoning map.
Mr. Simpson said nothing had been done with a zoning map yet, but based on the new policies, the zoning districts would be revised as well as the new zoning map. The map that was shown in the presentation was a future land use map and should not be mistaken for the new zoning map. The map was intended to show the way things might look 20 years from now, but nothing was even intended to be set in stone at all.
Mr. Pylelo commented that on the new zoning map they will find significantly less zoning districts other than agricultural based. You will see a much smaller area that is not Ag.
Mr. Simpson added even the areas that he has shown in the yellow strips along the paved roadways, if that were to be fully developed at moderate density residential development, it would be enough space for probably about 20,000 additional people to live there. Looking at the population trends for Woodbury County, that's a lifetime's worth, not 20 years worth.
• A gentleman stated he was inside the 2 mile radius. His question was, do the counties and city work together or do the cities tell you what they are going to do? If somebody wants to annex their property at that time, and the person doesn't want to get annexed, but there are enough people who want to annex around him, then does that person have to go in? If that were true, what were the percentages around that.
Mr. Simpson said that was potentially true. It pertained to the 80-20 rule. If 80% of the property by area volunteers for annexation, they (the city) can bring in another 20% to smooth out the boundaries and avoid having islands. It's kind of nebulous and the City Board has to approve it. The process is there where 20% of the people in a voluntary annexation might be kicking and screaming on their way to a voluntary annexation.
Chairman Groves asked the audience if there were any changes anyone present recommended or did they want to send it on to the Supervisors; did they want to vote on it…
This Plan was brought to them tonight to decide if the overall Plan was ready to move on to the next step.
Mr. Marx stepped up to clarify. He called the attention to those present that this was just a "Vision," and if the group was comfortable with this vision, then the Zoning Commission could recommend that it go to the Board of Supervisors to adopt this vision. There are no rules here. It is just a vision. And once we get this vision adopted, then Planning and Zoning can start writing rules about all these concerns that all of you and I have. Then, when we have these meetings, we'll have a vision that can tell us, "Yes, we are going to write that rule," or "No, we're not going to."
Mrs. Wollesen reminded the Commission there were a couple of word revisions.
Mr. Simpson said he had taken notes on that and would be able to make those few changes before it was presented to the Board.
It was decided between Commissioner Marx, Mr. Pylelo, Mr. Simpson and Chairman Groves if there were any other questions, comments or items the public wanted to discuss, they should be brought to the public Board of Supervisors meeting at the time the Plan is presented to the Supervisors.
Mrs. Wollesen clarified with Mr. Pylelo and Mr. Simpson other details regarding the new zoning Plan. Another gentleman asked Mr. Pylelo if the new map will divide by ownership, by 40 acre parcel, and if they had any feelings about that at this point.
Mr. Simpson said he intended to do a zoning map parcel by parcel, regardless of who owned it. Simpson said it was easiest with the mapping systems we have to divide parcels.
Mr. Marx made a motion the Commission adopt this vision (aka the 2005 Comprehensive Development Plan) with the improvements that were discussed tonight and duly noted in the record, and turn it over to the Board of Supervisors for their approval or disapproval. Mr. Rorholm seconded the motion; motion carried.
Mr. Rorholm made a motion to adjourn; seconded by Mr. Marx; motion carried.
Meeting adjourned 9:32 PM


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Creating a Pretext for War on SyriaWritten by Stephen Lendman Subject: Syria
by Stephen Lendman
What's ongoing now bears eerie resemblance to events preceding Bush's Iraq war. Obama's replicating a familiar scenario.
Waging war requires a pretext to do so. When none exists, it's invented. It's easy. Lies substitute for truth. Claims about Syria using chemical weapons don't wash. Repetition gets people to believe them. We've seen it all before.
Colin Power's infamous February 5, 2003 Security Council speech led to war. It was shameless deception. Later he admitted WMD claims were false. It was too late to matter.
Plans were set. The die was cast. Weeks later, America bombed, invaded and occupied Iraq. The cradle of civilization was destroyed. No WMDs existed. It was well-known but ignored. More on that below.
Powell lied claiming them. US media scoundrels repeated what demanded renunciation. A New York Times editorial headlined "The Case Against Iraq," saying:
"Secretary of State Colin Powell presented the United Nations and a global television audience yesterday with the most powerful case to date that Saddam Hussein stands in defiance of Security Council resolutions and has no intention of revealing or surrendering whatever unconventional weapons he may have."
A (no longer available online) Washington Post editorial headlined "Irrefutable," saying:
"….it is hard to imagine how anyone could doubt that Iraq possesses weapons of mass destruction."
Months later, a Carnegie Endowment for International Peace report titled "WMD in Iraq: Evidence and Implications" said the Bush administration "systematically misrepresented the threat from Iraq's WMD and ballistic missile programs."
Asked about the report, Powell stood by his Security Council testimony, saying:
"I am confident of what I presented last year. The intelligence community is confident of the material they gave me. I was representing them."
"It was information they presented to the Congress. It was information they had presented publicly and they stand behind it, and this game is still unfolding."
Powell's speech was bald-faced deception. He willfully lied, saying:
"The material I will present to you comes from a variety of sources. Some are US sources. And some are those of other countries."
"Some of the sources are technical, such as intercepted telephone conversations and photos taken by satellites. Other sources are people who have risked their lives to let the world know what Saddam Hussein is really up to."
"….Iraq's behavior show(s) that Saddam Hussein and his regime are concealing their efforts to produce more weapons of mass destruction."
"We also have satellite photos that indicate that banned materials have recently been moved from a number of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction facilities."
"The Iraqis have never accounted for all of the biological weapons they admitted they had and we know they had. They have never accounted for all the organic material used to make them."
"And they have not accounted for many of the weapons filled with these agents such as there are 400 bombs. This is evidence, not conjecture. This is true. This is all well-documented."
He claimed Saddam stockpiled "between 100 and 500 tons of chemical weapons agents." He added that "(t)here can be no doubt that (he) has biological weapons and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more."
In August 1995, Saddam's son-in-law, Hussein Kamel, defected to the West. He headed Iraq's weapons programs. US intelligence officials debriefed him. He said "All weapons - biological, chemical, missile and nuclear were destroyed….Nothing remained."
The New York Times and other US media sources reported his comments.
CNN's Brent Sadler asked him: "Can you state here and now - does Iraq still to this day hold weapons of mass destruction?"
He responded: "No. Iraq does not possess any weapons of mass destruction. I am being completely honest about this."
In the run-up to March 2003, media misinformation replaced earlier headlines. It's standard practice. It repeating again now. Obama appears heading for full-scale war on Syria.
Big lies launch wars. In "The Art of War," Sun Tzu said "All war is based on deception." Fear, misinformation and duplicity enlist public support. Naked aggression is called humanitarian intervention.
Libya 2.0 looms. Fabricating chemical weapons use looks like pretext for full-scale war. Secretary of State John Kerry claims Syria launched two chemical weapons attacks.
Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said using them "violates every convention of warfare."
On April 25, the Los Angeles Times headlined "US lawmakers call for action on Syria's chemical weapons," saying:
They want quick action.
Senator Dianne Feinstein (D. CA) warned that without decisive action, "President Assad may calculate he has nothing more to lose." He might "further escalate this conflict."
"It is clear that 'red lines' have been crossed and action must be taken to prevent larger scale use," she added. "Syria has the ability to kill tens of thousands with its chemical weapons."
Senator John McCain (R. AZ) said "(i)t's pretty obvious the red line has been crossed."
Rep. Adam Schiff (D. CA) believes Assad's testing the international community. "The administration has said (chemical weapons use is) a game changer, but it's not clear what that new game will look like."
"I think it is incumbent on the international community to take strong action."
A same day LA Times editorial headlined "A 'red line' on Syria," saying:
"If the Assad regime has indeed used chemical weapons, the US must honor its commitment to act."
"(U)se of chemical weapons would represent a reckless escalation of Assad's war on his own people."
"Yes, the president must be sure before he acts; but if it is proved that Assad has crossed the 'red line,' Obama must respond."
Chicago Tribune editors headlined "The pink line," asking: "If Assad used chemical weapons, what will Obama do?"
He "drew a clear red line last August….(He) 'put together a range of contingency plans,' but he didn't spell them out."
"Now there's mounting, though not yet conclusive, evidence that if Assad hasn't stormed across that red line, he may be tiptoeing on it."
Tribune editors want more decisive action. "We've long argued that the US should directly arm the rebels."
Operating covertly from southern Turkey, CIA operatives have been doing it all along. It's handled through a network of intermediaries. Weapons are also entering from Lebanon, Jordan and Israel.
Tribune editors urge more. Impose a no-fly zone "to ground Assad's air force." Doing so is an act of war.
"(B)omb access roads where chemical weapons are transported, to make moving (them) difficult if not impossible."
Bombing anywhere assures doing it everywhere considered strategically important. Tribune editors urge war. They're not alone.
On April 25, Wall Street Journal editors headlined "Chemical Weapons and Consequences: Syria calls President Obama's bluff on WMD," saying:
"As President of the United States, I don't bluff," said Obama.
He "famously said (it) in March 2012, warning Iranian leaders that he would not allow them to acquire nuclear weapons."
Last month he said:
"I've made it clear to Bashar al-Assad and all who follow his orders: We will not tolerate the use of chemical weapons against the Syrian people, or the transfer of those weapons to terrorists."
"The world is watching; we will hold you accountable."
"Or not," said Journal editors. "Israel will have to consider its own military options to secure the stockpiles if the US won't act…."
"Presidents who are exposed as bluffers tend to have their bluff called again and again, with ever more dangerous consequences."
Official accusations are familiar. So is heated rhetoric that follows. Obama heads closer to full-scale intervention. Reports say around 20,000 US troops will be deployed in Jordan.
On April 26, Obama hosted Jordan's King Abdullah II in Washington. Perhaps they discussed invasion plans.
A Final Comment
While meeting with King Abdullah, Obama stopped short of saying Assad crossed a "red line." Earlier he warned doing so would unleash "unspecified consequences." Likely he meant direct US intervention.
"Horrific as it is when mortars are being fired on civilians and people are being indiscriminately killed, to use potential weapons of mass destruction on civilian populations crosses another line with respect to international norms and international law," he told reporters.
"That is going to be a game changer. We have to act prudently."
"We have to make these assessments deliberately. But I think all of us….recognize how we cannot stand by and permit the systematic use of weapons like chemical weapons on civilian populations."
Sorting things out requires "increased urgency," he stressed.
White House spokesman Jay Carney said "(h)e retains all options to respond." Further reports will explain more.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago. He can be reached at email@example.com.
His new book is titled "Banker Occupation: Waging Financial War on Humanity."
Visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com.
Listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network.
It airs Fridays at 10AM US Central time and Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.


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Bath Tubs/Showers and Sinks: For built up hard water stains in your toilet or any porcelain surface, use a pumice stone. It won't scratch the porcelain and it works great in a sink for tough stains. Tracy Diaz, California
For those really stubborn bathtub stains/rings use carburetor cleaner. You can buy it from any Auto Parts store (and Wal-mart) for a few bucks and it saves a lot of time. Just spray it on (be sure your bathroom fan is on or a window is open for ventilation) and wipe off immediately. Repeat if first application isn't 100% successful. Jessica Evans, VA
Use any shampoo on a wet cloth and wipe the tub or sink clean. Do not use shampoo with conditioner added. Diane Ball, MO
For soap scum in the tub or shower, I've found that "Greased Lightening" works wonders! It can be bought at Lowe's or Wal-Mart. Just spray on, leave set for about 10 min., then wipe off with a sponge or rag. This is a wonderful cleaner for other areas of the house too!Heather R., OH
To remove soap scum from tub use Mr. Clean Vanishing sponge with Dawn dishwashing liquid and you don't scrub just wipe across and its unbelievable you haft to see it for yourself. Jaime Mitchell, MO
A used dryer sheet is good for cleaning your bathroom sink and tub. Just get it wet and clean away. It also leaves a nice shine. It also takes away that ring around the tub! Tyronza Long, LA & Linda Brown, MI
For bath tubs simply use oven-cleaning spray. Leave it on for about 10 minutes. Be sure to use the oven spray that is unscented and be sure to ventilate the room while cleaning (the fumes are toxic.) RB, Arkansas
Bathtub ring that will not come off with bathtub cleaners will easily come off with Mr. Clean Magic Erasers, these will clean almost anything with little effort. Amanda Miller, KY
For soap scum in your bath tub use Mr. Clean Magic Eraser! It really does work! Denessa Bell, TN
To remove soap scum from shower doors and bathtubs, use a mixture of baby shampoo and water in a spray bottle. A fine mist trigger works best. One capful of shampoo per bottle and fill rest with water. Being in the window tinting business, this is used to clean glass prior to tint application. It works really well on mirrors that may have buildup. Betty Dudley, LA
When your shower is dry spray furniture polish then wipe. It reduces the built up on soap scum. Denessa Bell, TN
The scrubby gloves that you find in the health and beauty department are great for cleaning the shower (just make sure you use a different set for bathing!) Kimberly Udy, GA
After cleaning your tub and shower walls, apply a coat of car wax to keep mineral deposits from hard water along with the soap scum from accumulating on the surface. This will make is easier for your next cleaning. Be sure to you have rubber slip protectors as the tub will be very slick. Trish Charles, KY
To remove the scum ring around the inside of your tub, wet the sides and bottom of the tub,sprinkle comet and spray with scrubbing bubbles,let it stand 5-10 minutes and wipe off! Stephanie Claborn, TX
Due to the fact that I have a bad back, I have come up with a painless way to clean my tubs and shower walls easily . I simply use a wrung out mop. I first spray well with bleach household cleaner (or my own bleach solution), I then do the walls and tub. Let it sit for a few minutes and wipe up with a clean wrung out mop. This is easier and saves my back! Annie Powell, NC
Bathroom Caddy: Hang a shoe bag with pockets in it on the bathroom door to drop brushes, blow dryers, curling irons, extra soap, shampoo, etc. in. make pockets for each household member. Deborah Claxton
Counters: To have extra sparkle on the bathroom counters. Rub Turtle Wax on and buff off. Water will not leave spots either. Apply twice a year for best results. Julie Welch, KY
Extra Shine: Windex makes your bathtub, faucets, and sink shine after cleaning them. Just spray it on and wipe off with a soft towel or paper towel for a beautiful shine. Corrina, TX
Faucets: To make your faucets look brand new. Get a tube of V-05 hair oil and rub it on the faucets with a towel. Then buff to a perfect shine. Allison, IO
Glass: After you clean the glass, spray regular Pledge on and buff lightly. The water rolls right off and you don't have to clean the glass as often. Robbi, WA
Hair Spray: Use warm pure white vinegar to clean hair spray off your bathroom floor. Mary Ann Booms
Metal: Put shaving cream on faucets and other metal items in your bathroom and you will be delighted with the shine. Jean Cox, MC
To make chrome faucets (or any chrome fixture) really sparkle and shine wipe them down with isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol). Suzanne Tindall, MO
Mildew/Mold: Mix two tablespoons of dish detergent and one pint of bleach in a spray bottle. Spray it on the area in question and the mold or mildew will disappear and not come back for a while. It can also be sprayed on tubs, showers when camping, and on the north side of the house where the green mold likes to grow from not enough sunlight. Jeanne, VA
Mirrors: Spray a small amount of shaving cream on mirrors and wipe off with a paper towel. This will keep mirrors from steaming up for approximately 4-6 weeks. Carol Hurst, KY
For streak free mirrors, clean them with clear rubbing alcohol. Use an old cotton tee shirt to wipe the mirror clean. Z. Bunch, SC
Rust Rings: If you get orange water spots on your tubs or sinks don't spend tons of money on CLR or other iron and rust removers that don't work well. Just grab your tube of toothpaste. Make sure you use the paste kind and not the gel. I have found that the cheap "grainy white kind" works best. Simply wet the area a little bit then squeeze a generous amount of paste over the area and rub it in, then use an old tooth brush to brush away the stain. For stubborn stains, add more paste and some baking soda, then let it soak in for about five minutes then scrub it off. Louise Caldwell, KY
Shower Curtain: To clean soap scum off your shower curtain liner, wash it in vinegar using a couple of towels. Then hang to dry. Tyronza Long, LA
To clean mildew off your shower curtain, use baking soda on a damp cloth or brush. Marsha Doyle
To clean mold from shower curtain liner, remove and soak in tub with water and bleach for a few minutes. Rinse in clear water and re hang to dry. This method cleans the curtain instantly and disinfects at the same time! Shirley Bost, IL
Put your shower curtain with a little bleach and warm water in your bathtub while cleaning the rest of the bathroom by the time you're done it's done too. Just hang it back up and use the bleach water to clean your tub. B Herron, MS
To remove mildew and water stains from your plastic shower curtain, put in your washing machine, on hot, and add 1 cup of bleach, when done hang outside to dry! Not only do you get the water stains off, you have killed any germs in the process! Nancy, KY
Shower Doors: After cleaning glass shower doors or tile I coat them with Lemon Oil furniture polish. This makes them shine like new. It will also remove any soap scum left on glass as well as soap scum left on tile or metal in the shower or bath. Rebecca S., TX
Try using liquid cascade dish soap. Pour the liquid all over your glass shower doors and then scrub the glass with a paper towel or cloth. Do not rinse with water until you have cleaned the whole door. Also replace the paper towels after 3 or 4 scrubs then rinse with and pat dry. You will have the cleanest shower doors in the world. Andrea, MA
To get hard water deposits off of plastic (the shower stall door or plastic containers) use liquid fabric softener. The cheaper the better. Misti Petermann, OK
Spray on "Avon's - Skin So soft" with soft towel or paper towel... Leaves doors sparkling and bathroom smelling great. Elizabeth, LA
To prevent hard water stains on shower doors, spray with WD-40 after cleaning. Julie Breuer, TX
Soap Scum: Mix together white vinegar and lemon juice. Spray down your bathtub, and then sprinkle it with baking soda. Scrub the soap scum and other stains away! April H., VA
Tiles: After cleaning soap residue from your tiles, rub them down with RainX. The RainX helps to repel the soap scum for a longer period of time and you will be cleaning those tiles a lot less often.
April Morasco, AL
Tile Grout: Never have to clean mildew again! Seal your tile grout. SurfaceGard Penetrating Sealer can be found at Home Depot and it is guaranteed to last for 20 years! It's easy to apply too! Just paint it on with a sponge brush. It's invisible and it works. Carol, CA
Toilet Bowl: Use denture tablets to take care of those rings inside toilet. Just drop two tablets into toilet bowl and it will leave your toilet fresh and clean. Chanelle
Pour a can of Coca-Cola into the toilet bowl and let it sit for about one hour. Then flush it clean.
The citric acid in Coke removes stains. Michelle, AR
Do you have a nasty ring around your toilet. Clean it with a pumice rock. Marla Pina, CA
Put two tablets of Alka Selzer in the toilet once a week to help keep it clean. This really works. Bobbie Boccali
Windows: Wash inside panes one way (vertical) and the outside panes the opposite (horizontal.) That way you know which side isn't clean or has streaks. Moni W
Mix cornstarch and water together in a bowl and wipe on windows with a cloth. Take a clean, dry cloth and wipe the window clear. This will remove dirty film from your windows and they will be crystal clear. Debra Lofton
The easiest and quickest way to get sparkling windows, at approx $1.00 a gallon is your auto windshield washer solution. Spray it on and wipe with paper towel. Cheap, easy and clean! Greta Wilkins
To make your windows really shine, after cleaning them rub them down with crumpled newspaper. Lindy Burr, Scotland, UK


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City of Lincoln
Mayor's Office
2009 Media Releases
Mayor Chris Beutler today presented the Mayor's Award of Excellence for 2008 to Police Officer Cynthia Koenig-Warnke. The award recognizes City employees who consistently provide exemplary service and work that demonstrates personal commitment to the City. It was presented at the beginning of today's City Council meeting.
All monthly award winners are eligible to receive the annual award. Koenig-Warnke was the monthly award winner in July 2008. She previously received the 2007 honorable mention award for her work involving identity theft. In 2008, she was nominated by the category of productivity by Sergeant Sandra Myers for her work on the case of a missing elderly woman.
Koenig-Warnke had a new conservator appointed for the woman, so the flow of money from her bank account could be stopped. At that point, the loss totaled $70,000. Koenig-Warnke tracked the missing woman and a female suspect to a small town in Mexico. The victim had many health problems, and Koenig-Warnke suspected she was unaware of her circumstances. With funding from the National White Collar Crime Center, she led a team to Mexico, where the victim was happy to see them. She returned with the team, and Koenig-Warnke arranged for home health care for her. Myers said Cindy's genuine concern and her desire to help kept the investigation alive.
As a monthly winner, Koenig-Warnke received a $100 U.S. savings bond, a day off with pay and a plaque. The annual award comes with a $500 U.S. savings bond, two days off with pay and a plaque. Engineering Specialist Greg Topil received the 2008 Honorable Mention Award for his work on the City's 4th of July celebration. He was the monthly winner in October 2008.
The other categories in which employees can be nominated are customer service, safety, valor and loss prevention. Consideration also may be given to nominations that demonstrate self-initiated accomplishments or those completed outside of the nominee's job description.
All City employees are eligible for the Mayor's Award of Excellence except for elected and appointed officials. Individuals or teams can be nominated by supervisors, peers, subordinates and the general public. Nomination forms are available on the City Web site at lincoln.ne.gov (keyword: personnel) or from department heads, employee bulletin boards or the Personnel Department, which oversees the awards program. All nominations are reviewed by the Mayor's Award of Excellence Committee, which includes a representative with each union and a non-union representative appointed by the Mayor.


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Senator Scott Brown, eager to keep the controversy over Elizabeth Warren's Native American identity alive, called on the Democrat Tuesday to authorize her employers to release her job applications.
"Her changing stories, contradictions, and refusal to answer legitimate questions have cast doubt on her credibility and called into question the diversity practices at Harvard,'' the senator said in a statement.
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ROSELLE PARK — Following a meeting of the Regular Democratic Organization of Union County, chairman Charlotte DeFilippo announced the candidate slate that will carry the organization banner in the Primary Election this June.
"Once again, we are truly blessed with a great team of public servants in Union County," said DeFilippo. "I am excited to formalize what we've been planning for weeks – giving Sen. Barbara Buono our complete and unquestionable support. Along with Sheriff Ralph Froehlich and Freeholder candidates Linda Carter, Bette Jane Kowalski, and newcomer Sergio Granados, we're ready for the Primary Election and ultimately victory in November."
Following the announcement that Freeholder Daniel Sullivan is retiring at the end of the year, the Democratic organization tapped Elizabeth resident and community activist Sergio Granados to run on the ticket this year. Incumbent Freeholder and current Board Chairman Linda Carter from Plainfield, and incumbent Freeholder Bette Jane Kowalski from Cranford round out the Democratic slate.
"It's an incredible honor," said Granados. "When my grandparents migrated to America from Portugal, they worked tirelessly to ensure a better future for their family. Similarly, my father migrated here from El Salvador and worked hard to ensure I have opportunities. Public service and investing in education have always been a top priority in my family. If I'm fortunate enough to be elected to the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders, I'll keep those priorities front and center."
Below is the complete list of candidates endorsed by the Regular Democratic Organization of Union County:
- Barbara Buono for Governor
- Raymond Lesniak for Senate (LD-20)
- Joseph Cryan for Assembly (LD-20)
- Annette Quijano for Assembly (LD-20)
- Nicholas Scutari for Senate (LD-22)
- Gerald Green for Assembly (LD-22)
- Linda Stender for Assembly (LD-22)
- Ralph Froehlich for Union County Sheriff
- Linda Carter for Freeholder
- Bette Jane Kowalski for Freeholder
- Sergio Granados for Freeholder
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Sales Associate in
- Employer
- Dollar General
- Location
- Hedgesville, WV
- Posted
- Feb 07, 2018
- Closes
- Feb 21, 2018
- Function
- Sales
- Industry
- Retail
- Career Level
- Experienced (Non-Manager)
- Hours
- Full Time
At Dollar General, our customer is at the center of everything we do! We are a fast-moving Fortune 200 publicly-traded company with more than 14,000 stores and 14 distribution centers in 44 states, growing by hundreds of stores each year. We work in an energetic atmosphere that embraces innovation and teamwork. At Dollar General, you can see a clear and fast path to career growth and success. We are committed to attracting talented and motivated people who can advance our mission of "Serving Others." Let's Grow Together! GENERAL SUMMARY: The Sales Associate acts as a point of contact for our customers. The duties of the Sales Associate include assisting customers in locating and purchasing merchandise, operating the cash register, stocking merchandise, recovering merchandise, cleaning the store, and performing other duties as assigned by the Store Manager to maximize store profitability and customer satisfaction while protecting company assets. DUTIES and ESSENTIAL JOB FUNCTIONS: + Provide excellent customer service, greet and assist customers. + Operate cash register and scanner to itemize and total customer's purchase, collect payment from customers and make change, bag merchandise, and assist customers with merchandise as necessary. + Follow company merchandise processes; unpack, stock, restock, and rotate merchandise on shelves and build merchandise displays. + Clean the store, take out trash, dust and mop store floors, clean restroom and receiving room, and help set up sidewalk displays. KNOWLEDGE and SKILLS: + Effective interpersonal and oral communication skills. + Understanding of safety policies and practices. + Ability to read and follow planogram and merchandise presentation guides. + Knowledge of basic cash handling procedures. + Basic mathematical skills. + Ability to perform cash register functions. + Ability to stock merchandise. WORK EXPERIENCE and/or EDUCATION: High school diploma or equivalent preferred. WORKING CONDITIONS: + Frequent walking and standing + Frequent bending, stooping, and kneeling to run check out station, stock merchandise and unload trucks; which may also require the ability to push and/or pull rolltainers for stocking merchandise + Frequent handling of merchandise and equipment such as handheld scanners, pricing guns, box cutters, merchandise containers, two-wheel dollies, U-boats (six-wheel carts), and rolltainers + Frequent and proper lifting of up to 40 pounds; occasional lifting of up to 55 pounds + Occasional climbing (using step ladder) up to heights of six feet + Fast-paced environment; moderate noise level + Occasional exposure to outside weather conditions Dollar General Corporation is an equal opportunity employer. Requisition ID: 2016-125130 Street: 3790 HEDGESVILLE RD STE T External Company URL: ollargeneral.com


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Growth Will Top Davos Agenda
Global growth will likely top the agenda of the World Economic Forum in Davos as the world's movers and shakers discuss whether the recovery is strong enough and can be sustained. WSJ's Tracy Corrigan looks at topics that will dominate the meeting.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... the the ... well ... so this is ... the last ... week Wells financial markets of the Dow and the global recovery CE the way will the Wells was a stay has well ... let's talk about ... well it received our target is headed to the European will Street gentle ... aam is the dollar's the reaching out ... to see what he thinks the top the agenda this year ... well I think the level price this is still up for she ... had suffered important issues ... I'm for the FN days but policy makers on the onthe basis that is going to be there and that it ... basically set aside from that it's on the white doubt it because ... I think the stock's much confidence that things the things the ... fashioning of the city it seems that seems to be ... thirty five thousand so the thing that that that will be the main topic would is how policymakers ... and business can lead to death at us with the buses has to be about to ... ensure that we are on the profit level but with ample back again with this one is the Christians there is ... the Christian bubble global growth the question of Opel what has actually been done ... to see me as global growth and we're really isn't sustainable ... as I mean I think that the two things this of her but says that more and more optimistic in a sauce that this year ready they they they iam ... the fiscal cliff ... has been effective for them I was in the U S ... added to the euro crisis is a place it ... in in your ... mother but things are actually sorted out so as to think the stocks that pay for those issues both will still be on the agenda will keep assessing that perhaps is this ... incredible boosting of ... the crazy ... global liquidity has really is the only thing that the growth of bone we still have the fiscal reforms that are actually missed ... the start of a sick and in Europe the Ferris that's ... precisely because I've that the changes and that with with with with with associated with a fat ... that makes it less likely to what happens kind of reforms as it does seem that Europe at the time after snipping before the was performs become ... come into force ... they were things people see what phrases is a copy of increasing this is to cut a scene is the fact is the warm welcomes is seeking to value that doesn't make exports more at stake ... is this like it's something that's can become a major issue at Davos I think I would have a baby on the agenda because it's been it's been an increasing issue over the last of my posts I with the ... story of this morning's paper about ... I guess my can on the Bundesbank has ... a warning to pout about about that ... um ... I think he did this is definitely a change that that's that's um ... that ... was facing the position of ... ten K words in terms of that Mr. in global trade on ... and is cut too much individually sought to fill a place to Friday the currency and oversee the US is there some kind ... of a Douglas also this person this is going from the politicians ... on the central bank's this is the issue going on here but ... yet politics is a much bigger role in social policy ... bizarre is that it was all I think it's ... we have common dividend is a device that's that's all for the getting is that I think about about what the Fed bike independence ... is a good thing about it Dave is being read it yet ... about double the cabinet of government as a couple of of of ... of sessions wet wood ... and isn't essential participants be that politicians in this a couple of ... of of the place where they can stay on the conversation get-togethers about to be interesting to watch the fleet of KC ... trying ... a new CEO of the issue often at these sorts of on ... the forms of ideas I like to be said to ... have one thing to try this often a big issue in doubles but then also been a big contingent fed for two reasons one is this is that it conflicts with holidays and in China so they tend to not be around in our contest and also that is that there is ... another event in China so they tend to wait said ... Sarah had to face the dreaded bed of heads to buy Vivendi twice number of Indians is our Chinese that that that that about does it mean that China would be a big issue on the agenda ... the least established imagine the look of it that ... looks is it that now they have a hard landing ... I think that that I get in China races of one of the pipes that people are hanging on to assess the potential ... for growth ... ok funny to see peace because the local ... I think that that that covers it concessions won this um ... Monty is going to speak about the oars and I'm at it that in the wake ... of a ban on some say that's a big pot OII including the gotten some central bankers ... looking at that level economic economic outlook ... um I mean I guess the other thing about the boss of the sea the wheel that is that ... is Isaiah course if ... the course of this is all of this stuff and then another seventy five percent is what what goes on the sidelines seven units what's what deals will become the Syrian that you can deposit double so we wanted to willing we will discuss this is policy that thank you for watching TV ...


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WASHINGTON (AP) — As the only Washington Redskins player born and bred in the nation's capital, Joshua Morgan went up against the Dallas Cowboys many times in his imagination long before he did so in the NFL.
"I was either Art Monk beating the Cowboys," Morgan said. "Or it was Jerry Rice in the Super Bowl."
Redskins fans will forgive the Rice fantasy for now. The part about beating the Cowboys? It's rarely been more urgent than right now.
The NFC East rivals have met 105 times over 52 years. Some have been classics. Some have been duds. Twice they've met in the NFC championship game. Eight times they've met to end the regular season, including a 1961 Washington victory that kept the Redskins from going winless and the last NFL game at RFK Stadium in 1996.
Only once have they met in the final week with playoff implications for both teams. Dallas beat Washington 35-34 on Dec. 16, 1979, rallying from 13 points down in the fourth quarter with two touchdown passes from Roger Staubach. The Cowboys finished 11-5 and won the NFC East. The Redskins dropped to 10-6 and stayed home.
Neither Morgan nor anyone else on either roster was alive for that game, so today will be a new experience for all when the Redskins (9-6) and Cowboys (8-7) play winner-take-all for the division crown.
"You have to get up for this game more than any other game," Redskins Pro Bowl left tackle Trent Williams said. "We've had to get up for all of them, but I think this one has a little special place."
The Cowboys have to win to return to the postseason for the first time since 2009. The Redskins, absent from the playoffs since 2007, could lose and still get a wild-card berth, but only if both the Chicago Bears and Minnesota Vikings lose earlier in the day.
The NFL, knowing a good finish when it sees it, flexed the game to primetime, making it the 256th and final entry in the 2012 regular season schedule.
Even if this weren't a rivalry, it would have the makings of high-ratings drama. The Redskins were once 3-6, the Cowboys 3-5. Washington is riding a six-game winning streak; Dallas is on a 5-2 run, with the only losses against the Redskins on Thanksgiving Day and in overtime last week against the New Orleans Saints.
Washington's Robert Griffin III is setting new standards for rookie quarterbacks with his talent, leadership and star power. Unless he has a bad day, he'll break the single-season NFL record for rookie passer rating, set by Ben Roethlisberger in 2004.
Even though he's from Texas and went to college at Baylor, Griffin didn't grow up with a dispassionate view of Cowboys-Redskins love-hate. Instead, he was a Denver Broncos fan.
"For guys like myself (and) the other rookies, we're fresh into this rivalry," Griffin said. "But we can definitely sense how the fans feel, how some of the guys who have been here for many years feel about the Cowboys, and that's the mindset we have to take on. We're doing it for them. We're doing it for the fans."
Tony Romo has set the Dallas record for yards passing and might hit 5,000 for the season, but, like the Cowboys in general in recent years, has been dogged by the inability to win consistently after Christmas. Romo has only one playoff win to his credit, and the franchise still stings from Week 17 playoffs-or-bust blowout road losses to the Philadelphia Eagles in 2008 and the New York Giants last year.
"Experience can be a really positive thing. It doesn't always have to be a good experience. Sometimes it can be a bad experience," Dallas coach Jason Garrett said. "When you didn't get the job done, hopefully you can learn from what happened."
But, for the most part, Cowboys players this week were careful not to dwell on those past failures, noting that every year's team is different from those that played before. It took linebacker Brady Poppinga — a midseason pickup who has started one game — to seize the issue and offer it as a rallying cry.
"This place is becoming accustomed to these types of games," Poppinga said. "Because I understand last year was essentially the same scenario, but instead of playing the Washington Redskins going to Washington they were playing the New York Giants.
"I think this place is due. For crying out loud, let's get us one. What do you guys say? Is that a good idea? That's what I think."


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Quinn Should Stop Holding Up the Sick Leave BillComments
I saw Gloria Steniem speak at Skidmore yesterday. (Oddly, in violation of the Sacred Principles of Academic Balance there was not an additional speaker who came on to oppose gender equity. Perhaps the text of her remarks was sent to Alan Dershowitz, who agreed to a one-time exception to the Sacred Principles because he did not find the remarks objectionable? Or perhaps nobody has believed in the Sacred Principles before or since the CUNY incident, who can really say.) At any rate, in addition to many other interesting things she sent the same message that was reported by the Times yesterday:
Gloria Steinem, the feminist author and activist, said this week that she would withdraw her support for Christine C. Quinn in the New York City mayor's race if Ms. Quinn, speaker of the City Council, did not allow a vote on sick-leave legislation that is a cherished cause of liberal groups.
The measure, which would require many small businesses to provide at least five sick days a year to employees, has been blocked by Ms. Quinn, who has said the rules would be hurtful in a fragile economy.
Steinem said that the votes were there if Quinn lets the bill move forward, so this should be seen as a major test of Quinn's fitness to be the Democratic candidate for mayor. As of now, the answer should clearly be "no way."


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Institutional Communications
Bureau of Mines Building, Room 137
Laramie, WY 82071
Phone: (307) 766-2929
Email: email@example.com
UW Works to Implement New General Studies Program
A major revision to the University of Wyoming's general studies program will provide undergraduate students with a strong educational foundation while simplifying the course-selection process.
Academic units across the UW campus have begun working to implement the new general studies program, which was adopted by the UW Faculty Senate last year and is scheduled to be in place for the fall 2015 semester. The changes will culminate close to four years of review and revision involving dozens of faculty members and student affairs professionals across campus, along with input from Wyoming community colleges.
The general studies program, called the University Studies Program (USP), consists of coursework required for all students pursuing bachelor's degrees at UW. In addition to that core of 30 required credit hours in the new program, UW students will continue to be required to complete specific coursework in their respective colleges and for their specific majors.
"The current USP is viewed by many students as large, difficult to navigate and overly complicated, placing too many constraints on undergraduates -- particularly transfers and those who change majors," says Brett Kahler, a communication major from Casper who just completed his term as president of the Associated Students of UW. "Increasing the simplicity and clarity of the system is a wonderful objective that the new program will definitely accomplish."
The most significant change is the addition of a required course called a first-year seminar for all freshmen at UW. Students each will choose one such three-credit course from more than 60 available in a wide range of disciplines, from computer science to art. The courses will feature relatively small class sizes of no more than 24 students, and they will be taught by some of UW's top faculty members.
"The first-year seminars will provide opportunities for students to connect with UW's finest instructors, who will share their intellectual passions in these courses," says Alyson Hagy, interim associate vice president for academic affairs. "The seminars represent a valuable opportunity for thoughtful, creative teaching and student engagement -- for students to find out what college is all about right off the bat."
Key skills to be gained from the first-year seminars include critical and creative thinking, inquiry and analysis, and writing and speaking proficiency. UW officials believe the courses will assist in the university's efforts to increase student retention, as students will gain the skills they need to succeed in college while engaging with UW's best teachers. Many universities across the country have implemented first-year seminars as required general education courses for those same reasons.
UW's new University Studies Program represents a shift to an outcomes-based approach to higher education, identifying 13 essential learning outcomes that all those receiving UW bachelor's degrees must meet. In addition to critical thinking and communication skills, the essential outcomes include intercultural knowledge and engagement, knowledge of human culture and the physical and natural world, quantitative reasoning, ethical reasoning, and problem-solving ability. Such an approach is favored by the Association of American Colleges and Universities, and it's in line with UW President Dick McGinity's focus on producing graduates ready to compete in a global marketplace.
"We don't believe critical learning outcomes are achieved by checking off boxes associated with individual courses," says UW Faculty Senate Chair Ed Janak. "Rather, because these learning outcomes represent lifelong goals, they should and will be apparent throughout the UW curriculum. The university is working now to make sure these outcomes are integrated and achieved in general coursework as well as all degree programs."
While specific course requirements in "diversity" and "global awareness" in the current USP are not included in the revision, individual colleges and departments must incorporate those elements in their programs. In most cases, colleges and departments will continue to require the same coursework in those areas that they do now. UW will not eliminate its ethnic or gender/women's studies programs; nor will any faculty positions in those programs be eliminated.
In fact, the new program will allow students to minor or double-major in many disciplines, including those with a diversity or global-awareness focus, much more easily.
"The goal is to develop more global- and diversity-related courses, programs and options for students," Janak says. "With the more streamlined USP comes the potential for more students to take these courses as interest items and as part of minors, which more students will have the 'space' for in their programs."
The USP changes set the stage for students to have constant contact with diversity and global topics, in and out of the classroom, throughout their experience at UW.
Making UW undergraduate education easier to navigate, while providing a stronger foundation for success in college and in life after graduation, is at the heart of the USP changes. And while not all of the specific interests of each UW academic unit are completely satisfied in the new program, it represents a compromise that meshes with the diverse curricula and missions of all of UW's six undergraduate colleges.
"A change of this magnitude is never easy, but what we have is a clear step forward for UW and its students," Hagy says. "The faculty is excited about the potential of the new program, particularly the first-year seminars, and we're committed to continual assessment to make sure it's doing what it's intended to do."
More information about USP 2015, including documents that have guided three task forces through the review and revision, can be found at www.uwyo.edu/unst/usp-review-revision/index.html.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's wrong with the current University Studies Program at UW?
The large number of required course categories (14), in addition to two subcategories -- and a complicated system of courses that meet requirements both for general and major coursework -- create a dizzying array of requirements for students to manage in designing their degree programs. Students who don't declare majors from the start, transfer students, students who change majors and those with double-majors often face difficulties. The current system is so cumbersome that students have few opportunities to take electives that might strengthen their liberal education and/or lead to minors in other disciplines.
How will the new program be better?
It dramatically simplifies undergraduate education. Students will be able to complete their general education requirements in 30 hours, or about a quarter of a bachelor's degree, compared with up to 36 hours at present. It will be easier to change majors, pursue double-majors or minors, and identify courses to fit into student schedules. Transcript evaluation for transfer students will be simplified.
What are the main differences between the existing USP and the new one?
The new program will shift the focus of general education away from a wide array of three-credit courses toward a relatively small slate of first-year courses intended to improve student performance in reading, writing, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning. A required first-year seminar will allow for more student engagement and instill important skills for students to succeed in college.
Do these changes represent a lowering of the bar for UW students?
Absolutely not. In fact, it's the opposite. The university will incorporate 13 essential learning outcomes across the curriculum, and those outcomes will be measured. The USP will provide a stronger foundation for students to pursue specific majors, along with skills to succeed in their chosen professions. The essential learning outcomes are: knowledge of human culture and the physical and natural world; inquiry and analysis; critical and creative thinking; communication; quantitative reasoning; information literacy; ethical reasoning; independent learning; team-based learning; problem solving; community contribution, local and global; understanding of diverse perspectives; academic responsibility; pursuit of excellence in all endeavors; and cultivation of personal health and wellness.
When will the new program start?
It is scheduled to begin in the fall 2015 semester.
What about students who started their college careers under the current program?
The new USP requirements will not apply to students who've earned 60 or more hours of credit before the fall 2015 semester. Students who've earned fewer than 60 credit hours as of the fall 2015 semester will have the ability to opt into the new program. However, they also can choose to continue under the current USP.
What do UW's 2015 USP changes mean for community college transfers?
The UW faculty task forces that have worked on the USP changes since 2011 have included community college representatives. In addition, UW representatives have met with community colleges during the 2013-14 academic year to discuss the changes. UW will consider Wyoming community college students who have earned their associate's degrees to have met UW's USP 2015 requirements, with the exception of a senior-level course in writing and public speaking. Students who have not earned their associate's degrees when they transfer will be required to complete the USP 2015 requirements, not including the first-year seminar.
Is the university dropping its programs in global studies, ethnic studies and gender/women's studies?
No. While the specific course requirements in "diversity" and "global awareness" in the current USP will no longer be required, individual colleges and departments must incorporate those elements in their programs. In most cases, individual colleges and departments will continue to require the same coursework in those areas that they do now.
How did the USP changes come about?
The current program has been in place since 2003. It is customary for universities to review and revise their general education requirements every decade or so. UW's 2009 strategic plan called for a review of the university's program. Former Provost Myron Allen initiated the review with a "white paper" in the fall of 2010. Since that time, three task forces involving dozens of faculty members, student affairs professionals and others have undertaken the task. Numerous meetings have been held on and off campus to gather input.partments will continue to require the same coursework in those areas that they have in the The USP 2015 program was adopted by the Faculty Senate in early 2013. The third task force now is leading the implementation phase.
Hear UW Faculty Senate Chair Ed Janak describe how the new University Studies Program will provide a meaningful educational experience for students.
Institutional Communications
Bureau of Mines Building, Room 137
Laramie, WY 82071
Phone: (307) 766-2929
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Clay4 needed a new button or icon design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 5 designs submitted by 3 freelance designers.
Bungalow Software
I'm a software designer and do a fair amount of graphic design but I have almost no drawing talent.
Adults, age 12 to 112. Non technical, non-computer users.
6 Icons total (of which 4 and 2 are variations on a theme) :
5 Windows Program icons.
We will need the 256 pixel (Vista), 48 pixel, 32, 24,16 pixel versions. ).
These are all similar programs so you may be able to reuse some design elements to both make them seem more "cohesive" and related and save yourself some work.
3 icons for use within a program (not a program icon). Only need one size of these.
Goals (in descending order of importance) here are :
1. Looking professionally drawn
2. Being clear and recognizable.
3. Differentiate between "+Outloud" and the plain versions of programs.
4. Convey something about the programs the icons are for.
They do NOT need to be particularly unique from any other application icon.


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If there's one thing we love more than trolling the annoyingly addictive Rich Kids Of Instagram, it's cats ... doing anything. Just seeing the furry felines in our Insta feed gets us all giddy, but to have two of our guiltiest pleasures combined to create a formidable force of amazingness just exceeds our daily expectations.
Enter, Rich Cats Of Instagram, a project brought to us by the peeps at HuffPo that aims to tickle our funny bone by displaying cats lounging back in luxe environments. Why didn't someone think of this sooner? We're kind of jealous of their aristocatic lives to be honest. Kittens in a Porsche? Check. A cat decked out in Burberry? Check. These images give the spoiled set a run for their money … literally. If you're ready for your day to get a whole lot better, click through this slideshow.