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Malocclusion and Orthodontics
Topic Overview
What is malocclusion?
Malocclusion means having crooked teeth or a "poor bite."
Orthodontic treatment can correct the way teeth and jaws line up. Dentists who are specially trained to correct malocclusion are called orthodontists. They use a variety of treatment tools and techniques (including braces) to move teeth, and sometimes the jaw, into the right places.
What causes malocclusion?
A common cause of malocclusion is teeth that have too much or too little room in the jaw. If children have a small jaw, their teeth may grow into a space that is too small. As a result, teeth may grow or drift out of place.
Other causes of crooked teeth include thumb-sucking, pacifier use, and tooth loss.
What are the symptoms?
The most obvious sign is teeth that are crooked or stick out. Malocclusion can range from mild to severe. Most of the time, having crooked teeth is only a cosmetic problem, meaning people don't like the way their teeth look. But in severe cases, it can cause problems with eating or speaking.
How is malocclusion diagnosed?
A dentist usually checks for malocclusion in children during regular dental visits. If the jaw or teeth are out of line, the dentist may suggest a visit to an orthodontist.
An orthodontist will:
- Ask questions about your or your child's past health problems.
- Check the mouth and teeth.
- Take X-rays of the face and teeth.
- Take photographs of the face and teeth.
- Make a plaster model of the teeth.
Start your child's trips to the dentist at age 12 months. This will help your child get used to seeing a dentist. It will also catch any early problems. Keep up with regular dental checkups 2 times a year.
How is it treated?
In children and teens, the first step in treatment may be to take out certain teeth to make room for teeth that may still grow in.
The next step is to attach braces to teeth to straighten out the bite. In addition to straightening teeth, braces can help move a child's jaw into the right position.
Teeth tend to move forward as you age, even after treatment with braces. Retainers are devices you wear in your mouth to keep your teeth from moving. Some people need to use retainers for many years after treatment.
Adults can successfully straighten their teeth with braces. But the only way to straighten an adult's jaw is with surgery.
Braces and other types of orthodontic treatment cost a lot. Most insurance plans don't pay for them. Before you start treatment, make sure you know how much it will cost and how you will pay for it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about malocclusion:
Being diagnosed:
Getting orthodontic treatment:
Living with malocclusion:
Malocclusion (poor bite) is usually caused by problems in the shape or size of the jaw or teeth. If children have a small jaw, their teeth may grow into a space that is too small. Under these crowded conditions, teeth will push each other out of proper position. Other causes include thumb-sucking, pacifier use, and tooth loss.
Genetic factors
People can inherit mismatched traits such as jaw size and tooth size. This can produce large, crowded teeth in a small jaw or small teeth that drift out of place in a larger jaw. In other cases, a person may inherit a trait that results in missing teeth or teeth that erupt in one another's place (transposed teeth). More rarely, people are born with conditions (congenital) that can create malocclusion problems, such as a cleft palate or a severely underdeveloped upper or lower jaw.
Oral habits
Oral habits that place ongoing or frequent pressure on the teeth may slowly move the teeth out of place. The most common oral habits that cause malocclusion include:
- Thumb- or finger-sucking and pacifier use for more than 4 to 6 hours within a 24-hour period.
- Mouth breathing (possibly). Infants and children may breathe through their mouths because of a partially blocked airway.
Tooth loss
Tooth loss may cause drifting of bordering teeth into the empty space, creating a poor bite. Common causes of tooth loss are:
- Trauma, such as sports injuries, car crashes, and falling.
- Tooth decay that leads to having a tooth pulled (extracted) by a dentist. Poor dental hygiene promotes tooth decay, as does a child sucking on a bottle during sleep. The sugars in milk, juice, and formula can cause damage to teeth. For more information, see the topic Tooth Decay.
See a picture of tooth decay or baby bottle tooth decay.
The most obvious sign of malocclusion is crooked or protruding teeth. Physical symptoms of malocclusion are uncommon but can range from mild to severe. Have your general or pediatric dentist evaluate whether a poor bite is causing:
- Problems chewing food.
- Problems with biting the cheek or roof of the mouth.
- Slurring speech, trouble saying certain words, or other speech problems.
- Pain in the facial muscles or jaw.
- Permanent teeth coming in (erupting) at the wrong position.
Adult malocclusion symptoms will typically remain the same or get worse over the years. Symptoms in a child who has mild malocclusion may improve over time. Through the teen years, the jaw grows dramatically. This growth period may correct mild crowding of teeth or teeth shifting as a result of thumb-sucking.
What Happens
Teeth that are naturally perfectly aligned are rare. A poor fit and alignment of the teeth (malocclusion) can range from mild to severe. Mild malocclusion causes no medical or functional problems and little cosmetic concern. But severe malocclusion may cause difficulty with eating and speaking. Some people are embarrassed or self-conscious about crooked or protruding teeth.
Crowding is the most common type of malocclusion. In children, early crowding of permanent teeth can prevent new teeth from coming in properly or from erupting at all (impaction).
Some mild types of malocclusion may improve as a child's jaw grows and changes. But there are many conditions that don't improve without treatment. These usually involve the size or position of the jaw (such as an underbite or an unusually narrow lower jaw).
With or without orthodontic treatment, the teeth have a normal tendency to slowly drift toward the front of the jaw. This may lead to crowded lower front teeth (incisors).
A poor bite doesn't usually cause tooth decay, gum (periodontal) disease, or temporomandibular (TMD) disorder. But teeth that are aligned properly are easier to keep clean.
What Increases Your Risk
Things that increase the risk for malocclusion include:
- A family history of malocclusion. Jaw and tooth size are inherited traits that can cause too much or too little room for the teeth.
- Oral habits, such as thumb-sucking and possibly mouth breathing.
- Tooth loss, due to trauma or tooth decay. After a
tooth is knocked out or removed (extracted), the bordering teeth
drift out of place. Major causes of childhood tooth
loss include:
- Playing sports without a mouth guard.
- Using poor dental hygiene.
- Stumbling or falling accidents.
- Sucking on a baby bottle during sleep. The sugars in juice, milk, and formula can cause tooth decay.
When To Call a Doctor
- Call your dentist or orthodontist immediately for a dental emergency, such as the loss of a tooth or if a broken orthodontic device (appliance) prevents you from opening or closing your mouth. For more information, see the topic Mouth and Dental Injuries.
- Call for an appointment with your orthodontist or dentist if non-prescription pain relievers don't ease appliance-related pain or if your appliance has loose brackets or bands, distorted wires, or wires that are too long and irritate the inside of your cheeks.
Start your child's dental visits at a young age, both to help your child become familiar with a dentist and to watch for any early dental or malocclusion problems. Keep up with regular dental checkups (twice a year). For more information, see the topic Basic Dental Care.
Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting is when you and your doctor watch symptoms to see if a health condition improves on its own. If it does, no treatment is needed. If symptoms don't get better or get worse, then it's time to take the next treatment step.
Watchful waiting is often fine for children who have malocclusion. Keep in mind that the early years, when the jawbone is still growing, are the best time for braces. Some people wait until they are adults before straightening their teeth. After you talk with a dentist or orthodontist about your or your child's situation, it's usually up to you to decide the timing of treatment.
Who to see
A general dentist or a pediatric (children's) dentist can give dental care, a first checkup for orthodontic treatment, and simple orthodontic corrections.
Dentists who have 2 years or more of extra training in a specific area treat more complex dental problems. Dental specialists who treat different aspects of malocclusion are:
- Orthodontists, who straighten teeth.
- Prosthodontists, who replace missing teeth.
- Periodontists, who treat or prevent gum (periodontal) disease.
- Oral surgeons (maxillofacial surgeons), who surgically treat structural problems of the jaw, face, head, or neck.
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Examinations and Tests
During routine dental visits, your dentist typically looks for developing malocclusion. Talk with your dentist about any oral habits (such as a child's use of a pacifier) or problems with speech, chewing, or pain. Your dentist may suggest an orthodontic evaluation.
Orthodontic evaluation
An orthodontist:
- Asks questions about your or your child's medical and dental history. He or she may ask if you have any allergies, especially to latex or nickel.
- Conducts a clinical examination, looking at
- Condition of teeth and gums.
- Jaw structure.
- Placement of the teeth in the jawbone.
- Fit between the upper and lower teeth.
- Jaw joint function.
- Takes
dental X-rays, including panoramic (full view) and
profile X-rays, to check the jawbone and dental structure and to identify:
- Where the permanent teeth are in relation to the primary (baby) teeth.
- Any missing teeth or teeth that are blocked and unable to come in properly (impacted).
- The condition of the roots.
- The amount of bone supporting the teeth.
- Estimates a child's skeletal age and projected growth using an X-ray image of the wrist.
- Photographs the face and teeth.
- Creates a plaster model of the teeth.
Treatment Overview
Orthodontic treatment uses appliances, tooth removal, or surgery to fix the way teeth and jaws are aligned. There are many ways to treat poor bite (malocclusion). Expert opinions differ about when to start treatment. Your dentist or orthodontist may give you a choice between early or later treatment or may prefer one specific approach.
The general categories of orthodontic devices (appliances) are functional and fixed.
Functional appliances use the muscle action from speaking, eating, and swallowing to create forces that move teeth and align the jaws. See a picture of a functional appliance.
- Some functional appliances are removable, while others are bonded to the teeth.
- A functional appliance may fit between the upper and lower teeth (a splint) or may span across the mouth between the molars, pressing the bone outward.
Fixed orthodontic appliances are sets of wires and brackets cemented to the teeth. These are commonly called braces. Over a period of about 24 to 28 months, the wires are tightened and adjusted, gradually applying enough force to move the teeth (bone movement).
Retainers are removable appliances made of moulded plastic and wire. They hold the teeth in place after braces are taken off. If the teeth start to move back out of position, the orthodontist may bond a short retaining wire to the back of some teeth. This wire will hold the teeth in place.
Child and teen treatment
The aim of treatment in the childhood and teen years is to move permanent teeth into place. The orthodontist will time the treatments to match your child's natural growth spurts.
Treatment for crowding, the most common malocclusion problem, may mean removing (extracting) some permanent teeth. But orthodontists avoid removing permanent teeth when they can.
The malocclusion treatments for children and adolescents are:
- Extraction (serial removal). Removing some baby teeth may ease severe crowding.
- Growth modification. This involves wearing fixed or functional appliances during the day and night to move the jaw into a better position.
- Fixed appliances (braces) gradually move the teeth. For children and teens, this treatment phase usually lasts about 24 months; for adults, about 28 months.
- Retainers. Retainers hold the teeth in place after orthodontic treatment. Some orthodontists recommend that retainers be worn for many years, because teeth have a natural tendency to drift out of place.
- Space maintainers, made of metal or plastic. Spacers keep the surrounding teeth from moving (drifting) into open spaces created when teeth are pulled or lost due to injury.
Adult treatment
Orthodontic treatment for malocclusion is a popular option for adults, due in part to better technology. In the past, wide silver bands held braces in place. Today they are less obvious. Instead of the wide bands, a small metal or ceramic fastener is bonded to each tooth, and a narrow wire passes through the fasteners.
New options include:
- Clear plastic instead of silver wires.
- Lingual braces. These braces attach to the back of the front teeth.
- Removable clear plastic aligners (Invisalign). These are moulded specifically for you.
Lingual braces and aligners don't work for everyone. They aren't options for children. Your orthodontist can tell you the best choices for your situation.
Orthodontic treatment for adults may also involve:
- Removal (extraction) of teeth to create more space.
- Orthognathic surgery of the jaw.
- A retainer, after braces are removed.
- Adjustments, such as grinding of high tips of teeth, to prevent continued or increased malocclusion for adults.
Most adults have little or no jaw growth. This means that surgery is the only way to correct jaw-related bite problems. Some adults may benefit from simply camouflaging, or hiding, a jaw-related problem. Using braces, the orthodontist can move the teeth so that they fit together, despite the jaw discrepancy. But surgery is the best way to treat more severe jaw problems.
What to think about
Some cases of malocclusion clearly require orthodontic treatment to straighten teeth. In many cases, though, the decision is a matter of personal choice. Besides looking nice, straight teeth can improve how you bite, chew, and speak. They are also less prone to decay, gum disease, and injury.
The timing of treatment is ultimately up to you and your child or teen. Talk with your orthodontist about the pros and cons of treatment options.
Orthodontic treatment isn't an exact science. The average treatment time is about 2 years, but it can take longer than planned. Usually, adult treatment takes longer than a child's treatment. The treatment time can vary, so ask your dentist how long it may last for you.
After treatment ends, teeth often begin to shift. Moulded plastic retainers, usually worn at night, help prevent this tooth movement. You may need a retainer for an indefinite amount of time.
Orthodontic treatment is costly. Most medical and dental insurance plans don't pay for orthodontics. Before deciding on treatment, ask about the projected cost, terms of payment, and terms of the treatment contract.
Orthodontic treatment doesn't pose risks to adults who have healthy teeth and gums. But adults who have gum (periodontal) disease must first get treatment from a periodontist to avoid possible gum damage or tooth loss. Orthodontic treatment sometimes can make preexisting gum conditions worse.
You can take steps to prevent tooth loss, which can lead to malocclusion.
- Use a mouth guard when playing sports.
- Prevent tooth decay by practicing good oral hygiene and getting regular dental cleanings. For more information, see the topic Basic Dental Care.
- Avoid putting a baby or toddler to bed with a bottle. The sugars in the liquid can cause tooth decay.
- See your dentist right away (within 2 hours) if you lose a tooth unexpectedly.
Early dental visits are needed for good preventive dental care. And it can help your child feel more comfortable at the dentist's office over time.
A dentist usually checks for malocclusion in children during regular dental visits. If the jaw or teeth are out of line, the dentist may suggest a visit to an orthodontist.
Home Treatment
During orthodontic treatment for malocclusion, it's still important to take good care of teeth at home.
Your orthodontist will give you instructions on caring for your teeth during treatment. These may include:
- Avoiding sticky and hard foods, such as gum, taffy, and nuts.
- Taking vitamins with fluoride.
- Using a retainer-a piece of moulded plastic and wire (orthodontic appliance) worn in the mouth to hold the teeth in place after orthodontic treatment-as often and as long as recommended.
- Carefully brush your teeth after meals and snacks.
If your child has crooked or protruding teeth from an oral habit such as thumb-sucking, his or her teeth may begin to return to normal position when the habit stops. You can help your child stop an oral habit. For more information, see the topic Thumb-Sucking.
For tooth pain from newly installed or adjusted braces for malocclusion, take regular doses of non-prescription pain medicine, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, for 3 to 5 days. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Do not give ASA to anyone younger than 18 without a prescription because of the risk of Reye syndrome, a serious illness that can cause severe liver and brain damage.
Surgery to create better alignment between an adult's upper and lower jaw is sometimes combined with orthodontic treatment for malocclusion.
Surgery choices
Orthognathic surgery treats malocclusion by restructuring the jaw through cutting the bone and repositioning the bone segments.
Orthodontists may remove (extract) teeth to create more space for incoming teeth.
What to think about
Surgery may be the only viable treatment for severe jaw-related problems. Surgeons only perform jaw surgery on adults, after the jaw has stopped growing.
Before deciding on orthognathic surgery, consider getting a second opinion from another surgeon or orthodontist.
Other Treatment
Some adults with malocclusion may prefer to replace all or part of a tooth by having restorative dentistry, which is less costly and less time-consuming than orthodontic treatment.
Other treatment choices
A crown (restorative dentistry) can improve the appearance of front permanent teeth (incisors) that are properly spaced but crooked.
What to think about
The timing of treatment is ultimately up to you. If you have different treatment options, interview your orthodontist or dentist about the pros and cons of each option.
Orthodontic treatment isn't an exact science. Treatment can sometimes take longer than planned. If teeth are likely to move after braces are removed, you may need to use a retainer for several months or years.
Other Places To Get Help
Related Information
Other Works Consulted
- American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (2011). Guideline on management of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric dentistry-Revised 2009. Pediatric Dentistry, 33(6 Reference Manual): 229-241. Also available online: http://www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/G_DevelopDentition.pdf.
- Christensen JR, et al. (2005). Oral habits. In JR Pinkham et al., eds., Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy Through Adolescence, 4th ed., pp. 431-439. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders.
- Sarver DM, Proffit WR (2005). Special considerations in diagnosis and treatment planning. In TM Graber et al., eds., Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, 4th ed., pp. 3-70. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Donald Sproule, MDCM, CCFP - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer William F. Hohlt, DDS - Orthodontics
Current as ofMay 7, 2017
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Did You Hear About the Morgans and the exes?
These people are so civilised. Hugh Grant dated Liz Hurley for ages. Then he paid a Divine to blow him on the side of the street. Then they broke up. But no hard feelings at all. And when he needs her, she'll show up. In service of her own profile too, of course. After all…why IS Liz Hurley?
In London tonight at the premiere of Did You Hear About the Morgans, Hugh was joined on the carpet by his ex and also his current co-star Sarah Jessica Parker who looked bloody cold in her strapless pink dress. Shoe porn, right? SJP is much better here, as herself, than in the film where they cut some kind of nasty ass fringe that accentuated all the trouble parts of her face.
SJP's been hard at work on Sex & the City 2 and she recently revealed that she has "enormous regrets" about reprising the role just as she brought home her newborn twins. Really. Do these things happen overnight? And to the executive producer, no less? Oh stars. They're "just like us".
Photos from Wenn.com and Splashnewsonline.com


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Carbon Cycle
As part of the global carbon cycle, underwater volcanoes emit between 66 to 97 million tonnes of CO2 per year. However, this is balanced by the carbon sink provided by newly formed ocean floor lava. (NOAA)
The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon among Earth's biosphere (life), atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), pedosphere (soil) and lithosphere (rocks, crust, and mantle). It is one of several biogeochemical cycles on Earth that play a key role in making life possible and in regulating many planetary systems.
Exchanges between these spheres take many forms. Atmospheric carbon dioxide can readily dissolve into surface waters, and both atmospheric and carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean are easily and frequently taken up living organisms. Transfer of carbon into the lithosphere takes much longer. Carbon in the lithosphere is also less mobile, often remaining stored there for millions of years, but large amounts can be released in an instant during a volcanic eruption. Human use of fossil fuels and other activities is also releasing an increasing amount stored in hydrocarbons back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
Some organisms—such as photosynthetic plants and microbes and chemosynthetic bacteria—are able to take inorganic carbon, primarily in the form of carbon dioxide, and combine it with water to form simple carbohydrates (sugars). These carbohydrates formed by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis serve as the basic building blocks of all organic (carbon-containing) molecules that are necessary for life. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is likewise readily incorporated into the marine food chain and into the carbonate minerals that make up the shells or skeletons of many marine organisms.


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Sunday, August 25, 2013
Silence of the lambs...
9 comments:
- Ranveer vishal said...
In a way, people like us who support those idiotic religious gurus sponsoring superstitions are to be blamed. It's a shame that Dr Dabholkar had to die in such a manner.
- August 26, 2013 at 1:49 AM
- Satish Ashtaputre said...
Excellent article! We can't expect much from these bakvas netas who have surrendered themselves to babas & sadhus. Unless we have good education, we can not create a rational society and until then these rascals will thrive. It's pity that both the Chief Minister & joker Home Minister (gone in hiding) have expressed their inability to nab the culprits, who killed Dr.Narendra Dabholkar.
- August 28, 2013 at 2:22 AM
- Courtjester said...
Like any other murder, this too will be forgotten in no time. After all, we, as a nation, are cursed with amnesia. Which is the reason crimes are being committed so brazenly.Add to that political interference and police corruption,and the recipe is truly complete!
- August 28, 2013 at 9:04 AM
- sid said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- August 28, 2013 at 6:18 PM
- sid said...
I am not really sure how much more shame and ignominy, we as citizen of this beautiful yet not-so-perfect country will have to bear. This murder is a blatant slap on the core fundamentals of this country which allows every voice of reason to be heard in this country.
RIP Sir.
- August 28, 2013 at 6:19 PM
- cobain_life said...
Hello Shobhaa,
Hope you're doing great. I am writing this comment because we have been trying to get in touch with you and have been pretty unsuccessful. We're Drizzlin Media and we would like to invite you to our event during "Social Media Week Mumbai".
Its a huge conference which is happening in the last week of september. Our event is called "writing in a new age: Publishers not required?"
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- August 29, 2013 at 1:23 PM
- sujay n said...
Dear Shobha ji
Good day! After seeing your column in the Deccan Chronicle dated 24th August 'Silencing the rationalist', I wanted to congratulate you for giving the real picture of India in words! But I could not do immediately though I sent a letter of appreciation to the DC which they have published and they found it worthy of a prize as best letter of the week. If the letter itself is worthy of a prize, how much the article, the source of that letter!
I myself do write Articles. I was Columnist in one of the Telugu Newspapers. I have published eight books - two anthologies of poetry, one anthology of short stories, one anthology of plays which got an award, one anthology of columns, one travelogue. I have edited one anthology of poetry by the Telugu poets which I have invited after Hyderabad experienced two bomb blasts in August 2007.
Shobha ji, the words can't express how much I loved your article. I congratulate you for each and every letter of that column. Only those who love this country and the people can talk of the facts happening every second on this land. Below is the letter which I have written to the DC and they published it on the 27th of August.
Letters to the Editor, DC
Alas, India!
Dear Sir
Shobha De's every letter reflects Indian system (Silencing the rationalist, Aug 24th). The Sun never sets on Indian horizon without making Indians feel shy of their deeds! What heinous state of affairs we come across daily – people in the shape of human beings gluttonously commit crimes. Rationalists, reformists, honest workers are killed, while criminals are enthroned, celebrated and worshipped as gods. India is a vast wild forest where only jungle law rules – might is the right, cruelty and crookedity prevail! The governments and the laws don't exist.
India does not deserve Dabholkars, Graham Steins, they are killed, burnt alive, because they bring light into the darkened lives, which the forces of night can't bear. Not only Maharashtra's CM, every Indian knows who are the culprits, back stage managers of the dastard act. By passing the ordinance immediately after the murder the government proved its cowardice of 18 years or hundreds of years for that matter. Alas, at last they did! This becomes a real tribute to the legend Dabholkar only when the ordinance is implemented in letter and spirit.
Will India ever get rid of the ghastly superstitions including casteism perpetuated in the name of religion only to safe guard the multimillion dollar "god industry" business – the altar on which the nation as a whole is sacrificed?
Jhansi KV Kumari, Poet and Writer
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- September 20, 2013 at 7:20 PM
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- June 7, 2014 at 6:42 PM
- Siva Cool said...
A truly motivational and life changing book
This book is really a good book which shows us right path. but i read
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- July 2, 2014 at 12:19 PM


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8 Movie Remakes That Are Probably Coming
'The Thing.' 'The Karate Kid.' 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.' All movies that we know and loved that got--or are getting--revamps, remakes and reboots thanks to Hollywood's obsession with youth culture and movie audience's short attention span/nostalgia obsession.
Some are good. Some are insanely awful. This got us wondering what else might come our way...again. Take a look at a few potential reboots of your favorite childhood flicks.
'Cop and a Half'
She's an Oscar darling, he's already an iconic tough guy thanks to 'Warrior' and 'The Dark Knight Rises.' Isn't this pairing inevitable?
'The Breakfast Club'
With all the '80s remakes a-brewin', you know this is an eventuality. But who would play the principal? Eugene Levy, probably. He'll say yes to anything.
'Teen Wolf'
Outside of 'Twilight' Taylor Lautner's struggled at the box office. Maybe it's because he's just a very niche performer.
'Raiders of the Lost Ark'
He rebooted 'Star Trek' with aplomb. And since Shia LaBeouf proved to be a lackluster successor to Harrison Ford in 'Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,' who better than Chris Pine to restart this franchise? (Why not bring Zoe Saldana in as a love interest while we're at it?)
'Robin Hood'
He's already taking on the 'Bourne' franchise, 'The Avengers' and 'Mission Impossible.' Why not another already-established grandiose actioneer? He could handle it. You know it's true.
'Romy and Michele's High School Reunion'
One Oscar-nominated actress with comedic skills. Check. One TV comedienne who deserves a lead role in a movie. Double check! We love the original ("I'm the Mary!"), but this is just a license to print money. You're welcome, Hollywood.
'Rosemary's Baby'
Yes, it was the itty bitty pixie haircut that made us think of this. But actually, Williams would be incredible at the heart of a horror movie, especially one where her sweetness would be so willfully taken advantage of.
With Chloe Moretz, Abigail Breslin and Stacey Dash reprising her role because she does not age. To keep with the fun fashions and lack of texting, it would need to be a period piece. Obvi.


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Donald Burton Timm
Donald Burton Timm, age 95, of Benton, passed away Sunday, April 24, 2011, at his home. He was born on March 4, 1916, in Highmore, S.D., to the late Henry and Bertha Timm.
Mr. Timm worked for Curtis Publishing Co. in Sioux City, Iowa, and was general manager of Brandon Furniture in Hot Springs. He came from a musical family, played the oboe, and loved music. He played the oboe in the Sioux City Symphony in Iowa and the Hot Springs Community Band for over 20 years. He was also a member of the Hot Springs Sertoma Club.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by one sister, Gladys Uhl , and one brother, Everett Timm.
Survivors include his wife of 75 years, Alexine Timm; three sons, Matthew Timm and wife Carol King of Nashville, Tenn., Joel Timm and wife Kristine of Van Nuys, Calif., and Jonathan Timm and wife Cyndi of Little Rock; three daughters, Carolyn Spillers and husband David and Elizabeth Selby and husband John, all of Benton, and Victoria Taff and husband Russ of Nashville, Tenn.; six grandsons; Nathan, Andrew and Daniel Spillers, Joshua Timm, Zachary Selby, and Julian Timm; five granddaughters, Sarah Selby, Leah Opitz, Caroline Timm, Madi Rose and Charlotte Taff; two great-grandsons, Cameron and Adam Spillers; and two great-granddaughters, Anna Rose Timm and Perri Opitz.
The graveside service is scheduled for 2 p.m. Thursday, April 28, 2011, at Crestview Memorial Park, Highway 70 East, Hot Springs, under the direction of Roller-Ballard Funeral Home in Benton (501-315-4047) with Bro. Harry Woodall officiating. His six grandsons will serve as pallbearers.
Visitation will be from 6 to 8 p.m.. Wednesday, April 27, 2011, at the funeral home.
The family requests that memorials be made to Saline Memorial Hospice House, 23157 I-30, Bryant, AR 72022.
Online guest book: www.rollerfuneralhomes.com/ballard.


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Home > GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY : Irritated skin
Your face skin
Is there a term from the field of dermatology and cosmetics that you do not understand? Would you like to know what it means? View the full definition from the La Roche-Posay glossary.
Your face skin
Your skin in the sun
Your scalp
Make-up for sensitive skin
Immune system
The immune system is organized as a defence against foreign bodies. Specifically, this system attacks bacteria, viruses and parasites. The main components of this system are white blood cells.
This word also belongs to the categories Sensitive, dehydrated skin, Extremely dry, irritated and atopic skin, Dry and uncomfortable skin, Dry to very dry skin, Intolerant skin, Dry and rough skin, Skin prone to redness, Oily skin with imperfections, Signs of age, wrinkles, firmness, Pigmentation problems, Sebaceous scaly patches, Skin sensitive to shaving.


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I find it interesting that you don't see all the same people out supporting the White family in Suffolk county New York that were out in force supporting Mr. Horn down in Houston Texas. Hey didn't they both shoot suspected criminals? Horn shot two people he suspected of robbery and White shot a guy that came with a group looking to commit assault and battery. Now the situation isn't quite the same as in the White case the boys who came to the house were there specifically for the home owners and were using racial epithets as well as threats. So it is a wonder why people aren't out in force to protest his arrest for his heroic deeds like they did that of Mr. Horn.
The prosecutor complained in the White case that he nor his family ever called the police they just took it upon themselves to go and confront the victim/perpetrator which was what made this a crime. Now in the Horn case he ran out amidst the complaints from the police operator not to and confronted two men after saying I am going to kill them. And yet this was understandable and no charges have been filed. Now I personally feel that people should call the police and do their best to avoid a confrontation unless the perpetrator (hopefully that is not you) initiates it. Then I believe that you have no choice but to defend yourself and your family.
I think Mr. Horn should be up on some sort of charges due to his behavior yet obviously that is not the case. Now what makes these two cases so different? It couldn't be that one person chose to confront rather than wait for the police since that is the case with both men. It couldn't be that one felt threatened since that is the basis for both men's proclamation of innocence. Could it be that one man shot and said it was an accidental discharge? No both men have proclaimed that they didn't shoot with intent to kill. There is one other issue at work. One man being white shot black assailants and one man being black shot a white assailant. Now why should this make a difference? It really shouldn't, right.
Yet the black man is up on charges being called a murderer while the white one walks the streets a hero. Plenty of supporters rallied around the white man claiming what he had done by shooting those two men in the back were akin to heroism. Then the Black man shoots a white teen in the face and is chastised with people saying what he should have done instead. I am just wondering how many others out here see the hypocrisy in these cases. I don't care whether you feel that a person has the right to shoot in self defense or not. I care that people aren't protecting Mr. White like they were protecting Mr. Horn's actions.
As I'm writing this I see that Mr. White was convicted and of course the family of the slain teen saying that it had absolutely nothing to do with race even though similar cases go the same way. Not to mention that I did a post showing that blacks get punished for the deaths of whites far more than the opposite. Also, the teens were using racial slurs as well as threatening death by lynching and the parents say that is not racial, then what IS racial to them. The hypocrisy goes so deep with this one so much that the jury that convicted this man had the nerve to cry as they read the verdict citing that they felt terrible and that this was a case that should never have been in their hands etc. Then why exactly did they convict the man if they felt he should not be on trial?
So the issue here is that if you are white and feel threatened or even if it is for a neighbor or how about a person across the street or town you will be able to defend yourself. And if those that you feel threatened by whether they were actually accosting you or not are black then feel free to do whatever is necessary to take the law into your own hands and shoot them, even in the back and you will be hailed as a hero. Now if you are black and are threatened even if you have it on tape and the person is in your front yard yelling racial epithets invoking an old fashioned lynching and wrestling with you and your gun, just call the police and hope that they get there before the actual lynching. If not I guess you should allow yourself to be lynched since you will lose your life anyway to prison if you do anything to try and stop it.
If that last paragraph sounded quite cynical was because it was meant to be a very facetious look at how these discrepancies are allowed to fester without the slightest hint of affecting anyone's sensibilities. People are saying that Mr. Smith should have called the police and I agree he should. Yet what of the kid that was shot, shouldn't he have called the cops as well if he felt that this black kid had done something that would compel him to go to his house threatening to lynch and kill his family. No one has ever brought that up before. It is plain to see that my statements in the previous paragraph are closer to being true. It was fine for the white teen and his friends and Mr. Horn to take matters into their hands not bother to call or listen to the police yet it was clearly a mistake for Mr. White to take matters into his hand and attempt to protect him and his family. So I guess this should be a lesson to all blacks that they better beware trying to defend themselves.


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Steven Spielberg knows the dust that can be kicked up when Hollywood takes up political themes in the weeks before a closely contested presidential election.
So the veteran director didn't take any chances with his new "Lincoln" movie, pushing back the release until the weekend after the Tuesday election.
"The movie coming out after the election gives the film at least a chance to stand on its own," Spielberg said in an interview. The filmmaker said he wanted the historical drama to be viewed in the context of its own time, not the present.
With Democratic incumbent Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney locked in a close race, partisans on both sides are looking for hidden propaganda from the entertainment industry, which enjoys a cultural prominence like few others.


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Scarlet fever is a disease caused by infection with the group A Streptococcus bacteria (the same bacteria that causes
Alternative Names
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Scarlet fever was once a very serious childhood disease, but now is easily treatable. It is caused by the streptococcal bacteria, which produce a toxin that leads to the hallmark red
The main risk factor is infection with the bacteria that causes strep throat. A history of strep throat or scarlet fever in the community, neighborhood, or school may increase the risk of infection.
The time between becoming infected and having symptoms is short, generally 1 – 2 days. The illness typically begins with a
The rash usually first appears on the neck and chest, then spreads over the body. It is described as "sandpapery" in feel. The texture of the rash is more important than the appearance in confirming the diagnosis. The rash can last for more than a week. As the rash fades, peeling (desquamation) may occur around the fingertips, toes, and groin area.
Other symptoms include:
Abdominal pain
- Bright red color in the creases of the underarm and groin (Pastia's lines)
- Fever
- General discomfort (malaise)
Headache Muscle aches
- Sore throat
- Swollen, red tongue (strawberry tongue)
- Vomiting
Signs and tests
- Physical examination
Throat culturepositive for group A strep
- Rapid antigen detection (throat swab)
Antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria that causes the throat infection. This is crucial to prevent rheumatic fever, a serious complication of strep throat and scarlet fever.
Expectations (prognosis)
With proper antibiotic treatment, the symptoms of scarlet fever should get better quickly. However, the rash can last for up to 2 – 3 weeks before it fully goes away.
Complications are rare with the right treatment, but can include:
- Acute
rheumatic fever
- Bone or joint problems (
osteomyelitisor arthritis)
- Ear infection (
otitis media)
- Inflammation of a gland (adenitis) or
- Kidney damage (
- Liver damage (
hepatitis) Meningitis Pneumonia Sinusitis
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if:
You develop symptoms of scarlet fever
Your symptoms do not go away 24 hours after beginning antibiotic treatment
You develop new symptoms
Bacteria are spread by direct contact with infected people, or by droplets exhaled by an infected person. Avoid contact with infected people.


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There were no flying odonates evident as I walked through the weedy/brushy margins of the site where I imagined recently emerged dragonflies and damselflies would be hanging out to feed and soak up the rays. There were a lot of other flying insects though. The Diptera (two-winged flies) in particular were out in force and had me wishing that I knew more about them. The most interesting among them was some sort of small robber fly (Asilidae) that I had never noticed before. These things have a really long proboscis relative to the body size which gives them a rather comical look. There were a lot of them and most that I looked at closely were feeding on some other insect. There was also amorous behavior going on. Here's a series of shots of the robber fly. Leave a comment if you happen to know what it is. [I was informed by a couple of readers that these are not actually robber flies—be sure to see the postscript down at the bottom.]
|I presume this is a male of the mystery robber fly.
|This one shows the proboscis better.
|I think this is a female. This one is enjoying the blooming Oregon-Grape.
|A male robber fly with prey.
|Now this I think is simply comical. Here's a pair of the mystery robber fly copulating while the female is
grasping (and I assume feeding on) a prey bug. I'm also impressed with the male hanging from his front
legs. I won't comment any further...
Here are some other dipterates that were enjoying the sun...
|A bombyliid on the left and a syrphid.
And some sort of wasp...
And a couple of non-avian vertebrates...
|A Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) on the left and a Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla).
And finally, as the title of this blog suggests, I did turn up one flying odonate: a teneral (recently emerged) male Pacific Forktail (Ischnura cervula) which flew up from some emergent sedges as I was wading into the water...
|A teneral (recently emerged) male Pacific Forktail (Ischnura cervula) in Vancouver, Washington, on
8 April 2011.
Over the next few days, those dull grayish areas on the thorax and abdomen will turn blue (like those small spots above the eyes) and the eyes will turn black and green. Compare this individual with a mature male in a recent post.
So that was a couple hours today in a nearby wetland. It always feels good when I find my first adult odonate of the season. Somehow it just feels like everything's going to be okay.
Mike Patterson at North Coast Diaries pointed out that the robber flies photographed here are probably dance flies. Browsing through BugGuide.net, I had to agree, and there are several photos of Empis in Empididae that look like a good match. Males actually present a nuptial gift of prey before copulating and that must be what the female of the copulating pair is holding. Before I had a chance to add this postscript, Steve Collins confirmed that these are dance flies and also suggests the genus Empis. Thanks to both Mike and Steve!


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- PvP Dominance?
- Easy Mode?
- Warlocks don't provide goodies?
- Warlocks are evil?
While these reasons may contribute to the negative emotional responses to warlocks, I think they miss the mark. In my opinion the real reason warlocks are disliked is that:
Warlocks have no obvious weaknesses.
Class-based design requires classes to have specific weaknesses as well as strengths. That's what allows classes to work together, to complement each other. In PvP, it's what allows you to come up with a strategy to defeat the other class. Classes which have no weaknesses are just as broken as classes that have no strengths.
Let's compare warlocks to the other DPS classes. Mages have several obvious weaknesses. They're fragile. They rely heavily on mana and are very vulnerable when they run out. They have good crowd control, but Polymorph breaks on damage and even heals the target. Rogues are somewhat fragile and require melee range. Hunters require being at range. Getting into melee with a hunter is a good strategy.
So what are the warlock's obvious weaknesses? They're not fragile, you can't run them out of mana, they're good at range, they can Fear--or even Drain Tank--when people get too close. They can kill you slowly with DoTs, or they can blast you down with Shadowbolts.
I think that warlocks were originally designed to be a "control" class. Their weakness was they dealt damage slowly, but could control the fight until their opponent died. However, Shadowbolt allows a warlock to blast like a mage, while still retaining their original control. I think it's telling that the major high end spec is 0/21/40 which spams Shadowbolts.
I think that Shadowbolt needs to be reigned in. I think that Blizzard should knock the coefficient down a few percent. Shadowbolt scales too well, and doesn't really fit the whole "control" aspect of the warlock, negating their required weakness.


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Frog Prince and I just returned from a 6 day vacation, and it was wonderful. I had a little guessing game over on my Facebook Page to see who could figure out where we went!
In case you missed it:
Clue #1 – {taken at Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Seney, Michigan}
Clue #2 – {taken at Whitefish Point, Lake Superior; Michigan}
Clue #3 – {taken at Tahquamenon Falls, near Paradise, Michigan}
Clue #4 - {taken at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, near Munising, Michigan}
I loved hearing your guesses – everything from Alaska & Washington to Louisiana & California! Of course, a few of you narrowed it down to the Great Lakes … and you were right.
The trip to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (the "U.P.") was fantastic! The weather was perfect and the company was even better.
We met up with 3 of our closest couple friends from grad school. We've grown a bit since then, and have started our "big people jobs", but we picked up just like it was yesterday.
Being away for 6 days can become quite expensive:
- Breakfast for 6 days, at a minimum of $3 per person = $18
- Lunch for 6 days, at a minimum of $5 per person = $30
- Dinner for 6 days, at a minimum of $10 per person = $60
- Desserts/snacks/drinks for 6 days, at a minimum of $5 per person = $30
- Total: $138 per person
This would have cost Frog Prince and I $276.00 at a minimum for a 6 day vacation.
But, we did it for $25 per person!
And I'm going to tell you how.
Join us for the "How to Eat Well {& Cheap} on Vacation" Series!
In this 5-part series, we'll cover:
Part 1 – Planning Ahead
Part 2 – Meals that Work Well on the Road
Part 3 – Buying Here vs. Buying There
Part 4 – Make & Bake Ahead
Part 5 – Stress Free Cooking (so you can enjoy vacation!)
What are your tips for eating well {& cheap} on vacation? I'd love to hear what you've learned from experience; leave a comment below, or post your insights on my Facebook page.


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This is a lesson about the temperature on different planets in our solar system. Learners will explore the planetary temperature system. They explore how each aspect (e.g., mass, temperature and gravity) influences the system and the consequences of... (View More) disrupting that system. The lesson models scientific inquiry using the 5E instructional model and includes teacher notes, prerequisite concepts, common misconceptions, student journal and reading. This is lesson 8 in the Astro-Venture Astronomy Unit. The lessons are designed for educators to use in conjunction with the Astro-Venture multimedia modules. (View Less)
Audience: Middle school


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MIDDLEBURY — Division I Burlington on this past Wednesday won both the boys' and girls' sides of a track and field meet hosted by Middlebury Union High School at Middlebury College, but the Tigers and the visiting Mount Abraham and Vergennes teams, all D-II squads, had highlights.
Burlington won the girls' meet with 145 points, with MUHS (52) edging Mount Abe (46) for second and VUHS in third (9). The already small VUHS team was shorthanded because several students, including steady point-scorers, were on a school language trip.
MONTPELIER — The Vermont House on Thursday voted unanimously in favor of a bill that would revamp the state's search-and-rescue policy in wake of the tragic death of 19-year-old Levi Duclos on a Ripton hiking trail this past January.
The legislation would set up some interim rules requiring Vermont Department of Public Safety, with the help of local emergency organizations, to immediately respond "to every search and rescue call for help, which shall include an immediate call to the department's search and rescue team."
VERMONT — When Gene Nolette, owner of Leicester-based Gene's Property Management, went to buy the popular fertilizer mix "10-10-10" for lawn application this month, he was surprised to find that he wasn't able to.
The fertilizer, aptly labeled for its three main nutrients, is comprised of 10 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus and 10 percent potassium. But a Legislative act passed in 2011, which took effect Jan. 1, has outlawed the application of phosphorus fertilizers on lawns, with a few exceptions.
MIDDLEBURY — Addison Central Supervisory Union (ACSU) Superintendent Gail Conley, who has been serving on an interim basis since last July 1, has agreed to serve another year in order to give a search committee more time to find his replacement.
An ACSU search committee has thus far initiated two ill-fated searches for a new superintendent. Those searches yielded relatively few applications from what is a shrinking pool nationwide of qualified education administrators. In both cases, the search committee did not feel it could advance a finalist for the job.
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MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury College President Emeritus John McCardell Jr. is settling in well in his new position as chancellor and president of Sewanee: The University of the South.
McCardell and his wife, Bonnie, returned together to Middlebury this month for the first time in almost two years. It was quite a homecoming for McCardell, who joined the history faculty at Middlebury in 1976 and served as the college's president from 1992 to 2004.
ADDISON — Longtime Addison Town Clerk Jane Grace said last week she is recovering well at home from major emergency surgery performed at Porter Hospital shortly after Town Meeting Day.
Grace stayed at Porter for slightly longer than two weeks after surgery, and returned home on March 24. On this past Thursday she said she has been strong enough to visit her barn and walk around her property.
BRIDPORT — The Addison Central Supervisory Union is asking the state to credit the town of Bridport for $12,139 in excess education property taxes the community paid this academic year.
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Hitting BMW show rooms this summer as a 2014 model, the all-new BMW 3 Series Gran Turismo adds an innovative new concept to the 3 Series line-up. Using typical BMW proportions, four doors with frameless windows, coupe-like profile and a sloping roofline add the character of this car, and of course, the large tailgate gives it some real distinction.
The new Gran Turismo is 7.9 inches longer than the 3 Series Sports wagon and has a 4.3 inch longer wheelbase, standing 3.2 inches taller. So yes, it's bigger all around, but with BMWs clever design the Gran Turismo doesn't seem overbearing while still being immediately recognizable.
Your rear passengers will also like this new model because of an added 2.8 inches of rear legroom; something the standard 3 Series could always use more of.
Now with more luggage space, an entire cubic foot over the Sports Wagon, the Gran Turismo uses it large aperture and high-opening tailgate to make loading and unloading easier. The rear seats feature a 40:20:40 split/folding action too. The Gran Turismo can't be outfitted in three different equipment lines, each with their own individual character and M Sport. The Sport Line adds eye-catching exterior features in high-gloss black, like the front kidney grilles and air intakes. Optional 18-inch or 19-inch light-alloy wheels add some sporting factor as well.
The Modern Line adds high-quality chrome exterior trim elements along with 18 or 19-inch turbine style wheels while inside the steering wheel in dark oyster compliments a light-colored dashboard.
M Sport, which is obviously the one we'd go for, gives the new 3 Series Gran Turismo a boost of speed beyond just exterior and interior changes. The all new aero package includes a front apron, rear bumper with diffuser and side skirts, along with BMW Individual High-gloss Shadow Line trim. Our favorite part, though, is the optional exterior color in Estoril Blue metallic, which means you simply can't miss this car. Again, 18 or 19-inch wheels are offered in hallmark M design. Inside there are M doorsills, M leather steering wheel and M driver's footrest. Keeping the driver and passenger snug are the M sports seats, and best of all, this package included lower M Sport suspension.
Offered as a 328i and 335i, this new 3 Series will pack two different punches while still keeping efficiency and athleticism in tact. The 328i uses the 2.0-liter 4-cylinder engine with TwinPower Turbo technology, generating 240hp and 255 lb-ft (at just 1,250 rpm!). The 335i utilizes the N55 6-cylinder TwinPower Turbo to boost it to a healthy 300hp and 300 lb-ft. Both models are equipped with BMWs innovative 8-speed automatic transmission.


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Farmer and rancher candidate nominations for local Farm Service Agency county committees will be accepted through Aug. 1. Elections take place this fall.
"I encourage all producers to participate in the county committee election process by nominating candidates by the Aug. 1 deadline," said Agriculture Secretary Ed Schafer. "We are counting on as much participation as possible, because county committees are an important link between the farm community and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We have seen a trend in recent years of increased nominations of minority and women producers and we hope that will continue."
To be eligible to serve on an FSA county committee, a person must participate or cooperate in a program administered by FSA, be eligible to vote in a county committee election and reside in the local administrative area in which the person is a candidate.
Producers may also nominate themselves, and organizations representing minority and women may also nominate candidates. To become a nominee, eligible individuals must sign form FSA-669A. The form and other valuable information about FSA county committee elections are available online at: http://www.fsa.usda.gov; click on News and Events, then County Committee Elections.
Nomination forms for the 2008 election must be postmarked or received in the local USDA Service Center by close of business on Aug. 1.
FSA county committee members make decisions on disaster and conservation programs, emergency programs, commodity price support loan programs and other important agricultural issues.
Members serve three-year terms. Nationwide, there are more than 7,800 farmers and ranchers serving on FSA county committees. Committees consist of three to five members who are elected by eligible local producers.
FSA will mail ballots to producers beginning Nov. 3. The voted ballots are due back to local county offices either by mail or in person by Dec. 1.
Newly elected committee members and alternates take office Jan. 1, 2009.
Between 2003 and 2006, the number of minority and women farmers and ranchers nominated as candidates to FSA county committees nationwide increased 35 percent. Additionally, the number of African-American producers nominated as candidates tripled during the same period.


text: Graphics - Ornament - b3006 Family Owned & Operated Since 1997Free Online Estimates & Proofs Home Products Vinyl Products for Decals Boat / Jet Ski Cars / Trucks / SUV / Box Truck Helmets Race Cars Semi Trucks Semi Trailers Signs Walls Windows & Doors Wraps Vinyl by the Foot Play Matz Apparel Products Embroidery Promotional Screen Printing Resources Color Chart Fonts How To Apply YouTube Videos Lettering Styles Photo Galley Shipping Turnaround Time Vinyl Tools Help Account Log In / Create Account Access Online Proof Access Online Estimate Upload Search: Contact Us Shopping Cart Graphics - Ornament - b3006 What do you plan on applying b3006 too? Boat Interior Wall Passenger Vehicle (Car/Truck) Race Car Semi Truck Trailer Other - Indoor Use Other - Outdoor Use Why do we ask this question? Based on the use of your decal/lettering we only offer the type of vinyl that will work for your situation. Some of the colors we offer are for short term use and some are meant to be used for many years. LIVE SALES & SUPPORT 1-800-773-2713 Monday - Friday - 9:00AM to 5:30PM - CST EMAIL SUPPORT email@example.com SHIPPING OPTIONS Learn More ACCOUNT Login My Account View Old Orders View Cart Contact ADDRESS 3770 Cornhusker HwyLincoln, NE 68504 RESOURCES Contact Us FAQ How to Order Help Meet Our Team Privacy & Security Return Policy Shipping � Copyright Harris Decals, Inc. 1999-2019.All rights reserved.Reproduction of material appearing on this Web site is strictly prohibited without written permission.


text:
Boston's trauma centers have been widely praised for saving dozens of Marathon bombing victims, treating one person after another who arrived at their doors with limbs torn off or mangled, some patients having lost most of their blood.
The day's utter chaos made missteps inevitable, but in the months since, the hospitals have found lessons to be learned from the moments of confusion and occasional miscommunication.
Boston's six major trauma centers, which treated the most seriously injured bombing victims, have already made some changes for handling mass emergencies and are continuing to review their performance for ways to strengthen the city's already sophisticated trauma system and share their lessons with hospitals nationwide — so they're prepared for the next time.
In particular, the bombings brought forward a problem that has vexed trauma hospitals for years: the identification of victims.
Within minutes of the April 15 bombing, many patients arrived unconscious and without purses, wallets, or family members to identify them. An ambulance brought one woman to Massachusetts General Hospital with a handbag, but it wasn't hers. It belonged to her best friend, who was killed on Boylston Street. Before the mixup was noticed, the family of the dead woman was told she was in a hospital bed.
There were challenges keeping patients straight at Brigham and Women's Hospital, too. Staff assigned unidentified victims six-digit numbers, but they were confusing, and doctors and nurses had to continually double-check that imaging test results and medications were going to the correct patient. There were no mix-ups, said Dr. Eric Goralnick, medical director of emergency preparedness, but "we had some near misses.''
Relatives and friends crowded waiting rooms, desperately searching for loved ones and pleading for any shred of information about their conditions. It didn't help that siblings and spouses had been separated and that wounded parents and children, too, had been rushed to different hospitals.
A mother at Boston Medical Center, where her daughter-in-law was being treated, anxiously searched for her son. "The mother was very upset," recalled Rebecca Blair, executive director of patient experience. "She was desperate." Eventually, hospital president Kate Walsh called over to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and located the son.
The hospitals plan to publish a joint analysis of the medical response. They will present some findings at the American College of Surgeons meeting in October in Washington, D.C.
"Every hospital in Boston will go back over every minute and communication,'' said Dr. Ron Walls, chairman of emergency medicine at the Brigham.
So far they have also learned that they must use social media more effectively as an early warning system, because minutes matter in preparing trauma teams and operating rooms. Harvard researchers recently found that tweets mentioning the explosions began to appear six minutes before public health authorities sent alerts to emergency departments.
Hospital leaders also said they need to better organize and deploy the hundreds of hospital employees who show up to help in a crisis — and who contributed to congestion in emergency rooms on Marathon Monday.
The trauma centers are developing strategies to more accurately identify patients and reunite them with families faster — challenges that have plagued hospitals in other cities during disasters such as Hurricane Katrina. Atyia Martin, director of Boston's Office of Public Health Preparedness, said the city is working with hospitals to standardize the reporting of patient identities to a central office that works to reunite victims with families. Hospitals did not all provide the same information and some lagged in reporting on April 15, she said.
Dr. Carl Schultz, research director at the Center for Disaster Medical Sciences at UC Irvine School of Medicine in California, said it is not surprising that Boston hospitals had trouble identifying patients and reuniting them with their families. "No one has solved that problem,'' he said. But Schultz, who is co-editor of a textbook on disaster medicine, added, "Overall, things went very well in Boston.'' Not a single patient died after reaching a hospital, though three spectators died at the race.
The identification error at Mass. General occurred during the intense rush to save lives after the first bomb exploded near the finish line at 2:50 p.m.
Hospital staff were alerted to the bombings when a physician at the scene sent a tweet. The message was picked up by an anesthesiologist, who suggested that his boss pause elective surgery, said Dr. Alasdair Conn, chief of emergency medicine at Mass. General. Patients began arriving by car, police van, and ambulance to a full emergency department at 3:04 p.m.
The first six victims were wheeled to emergency surgery; only one had been identified. One woman "was on the verge of death,'' Conn said. "She had no blood pressure; she had lost all of her blood and was very critical. An extra couple of minutes and she wouldn't have survived. She was lucky.''
It was in this atmosphere that Karen Rand arrived by ambulance. She was given a patient number and whisked to an operating room. The pocketbook that arrived with her was put in a bag labeled with the same number, said Robert Seger, executive director of emergency services and emergency preparedness. Emergency room staff looked through it, searching for her identity, and found a purse with a driver's license inside. It had the name Krystle Campbell.
Rand was no longer in the ER, so she could not be compared with the photo. And even if she could have been, the trauma victims had lost so much blood, they did not look like themselves, Seger said. "It was all very, very fast,'' he said.
The information about this particular patient somehow made its way to the Campbell family, Seger said. The family didn't discover the mistaken identity until they hurried into Rand's room near sunrise on Tuesday. It was "an awful mistake," Conn said.
A group of Mass. General caregivers and administrators now are debating how to prevent identification errors in the future. Should the hospital require two separate sources of identification, as does Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center? How much energy should staff put into identifying patients in the initial minutes of a crisis?
"What is the priority?'' asked Brenda Whelan, an intensive care nurse who has long worked with the Federal Emergency Management Agency. "We have to save the patient first, then work on IDing them. That causes stress to families."
While no other hospitals reported misidentifying anyone, "reconnecting patients to families was really challenging throughout the city,'' said Dr. Andy Ulrich, executive vice chairman of emergency medicine at Boston Medical Center.
Many matches occurred haphazardly.
At Boston Medical Center, a nurse in the emergency room handed Sheryl Katzanek, director of patient advocacy, a Post-it note with the name of an injured man and his wife's name and race number. "She said, 'Find her,' '' Katzanek recalled.
Hospital spokeswoman Maria Ober said it is improving its communications system so that information about patients in disasters gets shared "in real time" with the hospital's family reunification center.
At the Brigham, the first patient came in at 3:08 p.m., followed by 18 more in the first 30 minutes. "That influx of patients sort of overwhelmed our standard registration services,'' Goralnick said. "It was taking too long to get them into the computer.''
To expedite patients' care, everyone was assigned a six-digit number, a strategy that ended up creating its own headaches. "The staff looked at the computer and saw a screen of six-digit numbers,'' he said. The Brigham has eliminated those numbers and now identifies anonymous patients using states, colors, or the military alphabet.
Beth Israel Deaconess, which cared for the two suspected bombers as well as some of the victims, is also examining its public safety procedures.
On Friday, April 19, amid a manhunt for bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, "we pushed ambulances away from the building and had them searched,'' said Meg Femino, Beth Israel Deaconess's director of emergency management, because of concerns that the uncaptured suspect might arrive by ambulance and be armed and dangerous.
Earlier that week, the hospital had been searching ambulances, but did so close to the building. In the future, the hospital would make those searches further away from the building immediately after any attack, she said.
Trauma doctors said Boston was fortunate that the bombs exploded at an event where dozens of medical and public safety personnel already were stationed, and at an hour when shifts changed at the hospitals, nearly doubling the number of medical staff on site. But next time might be different, said Walls, of the Brigham. "We are analyzing every step now," he said, "and trying to eliminate the element of luck.''Liz Kowalczyk can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Dell, Aruba in Wireless LAN Deal
Aruba Networks' wireless local area networking solutions, including controllers, access points and wireless management tools, will be packaged and sold by Dell as the PowerConnect W-Series. The offering is the result of a multi-year agreement between Dell and Aruba Networks. It is also the latest component to Dell's data center portfoilo that expands from the data center to the enterprise network to wireless devices.
Dell has been in the networking business for nearly nine years. It offers data center virtualization solutions from Brocade Networks in its PowerConnect B-Series plus Juniper Networks WAN Ethernet connectivity/security solutions in the PowerConnect J-Series. The W-Series gives Dell the wireless networking capabilities it lacked to bring data center functionality and capabilities to end users in wireless environments, such as a corporate campus or healthcare facility.
Dell expects to have The Dell PowerConnect W-Series of wireless networking products available to customers in the United States, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom this quarter, with other countries to follow in the near future.
The PowerConnect W-Series is designed for easy deployment. It is also designed to seamlessly prioritize bandwidth based on application demands in a dynamic, rapidly changing network, according to the vendors. W-Series Controllers will enable easy integration into an organization's existing network, to securely and efficiently extend network resources to a mobile workforce. Once deployed, automated access point set-up and configuration will help reduce deployment time, while centralized management will ease the burden on network administrators.
Based on open-standards and interoperable with a broad universe of existing networking solutions, the Dell PowerConnect W-Series family will include:
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text:
HTC OXIGEN pinouts
The connector/pinout information may be applied to the :
Vendor: HTCHTC Corporation is a Taiwanese consumer electronics company headquartered in Taiwan. Founded in 1997, HTC began as an original design manufacturer and original equipment manufacturer, designing and manufacturing devices such as mobile phones and tablets.
Device name: OXIGENGPS Receivers
There is one pinout found for HTC OXIGEN.The pinout (pin-out) is a cross-reference between the contacts (pins) of an electrical connector and their functions. The link to appropriate pin assignment diagram is listed below.
- GPS devices with standard mini-usb interface pinout any standard mini-USB cable should work with them


text:
Foldl as foldr
From HaskellWiki
Note: there is an alternative explanation of some of the basics from a more elementary perspective.
that both
When you wonder whether to choose foldl or foldr you may remember,
It holds
foldl :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> [b] -> a foldl f a bs = foldr (\b g x -> g (f x b)) id bs a
(The converse is not true, since
foldr :: (b -> a -> a) -> a -> [b] -> a foldr f a bs = foldl (\g b x -> g (f b x)) id bs a
Now the question are:
- How can someone find a convolved expression like this?
- How can we benefit from this rewrite?
1 Folding by concatenating updatesInstead of thinking in terms of
I find it easier to imagine a fold as a sequence of updates. An update is a function mapping from an old value to an updated new value.
newtype Update a = Update {evalUpdate :: a -> a}
We need a way to assemble several updates.To this end we define a
instance Monoid (Update a) where mempty = Update id mappend (Update x) (Update y) = Update (y.x)
Now left-folding is straight-forward.
foldlMonoid :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> [b] -> a foldlMonoid f a bs = flip evalUpdate a $ mconcat $ map (Update . flip f) bs
mconcat :: Monoid a => [a] -> a mconcat = foldr mappend mempty
By the way:
2 foldl which may terminate early
The answer to the second question is:Using the
that behave slightly different from the original one.E.g. we can write a
and thus may also terminate on infinite input.The function
foldlMaybe :: (a -> b -> Maybe a) -> a -> [b] -> Maybe a foldlMaybe f a bs = foldr (\b g x -> f x b >>= g) Just bs a
Maybe the monoidic version is easier to understand. The implementation of the fold is actually the same, we do only use a different monoid.
import Control.Monad ((>=>), ) newtype UpdateMaybe a = UpdateMaybe {evalUpdateMaybe :: a -> Maybe a} instance Monoid (UpdateMaybe a) where mempty = UpdateMaybe Just mappend (UpdateMaybe x) (UpdateMaybe y) = UpdateMaybe (x>=>y) foldlMaybeMonoid :: (a -> b -> Maybe a) -> a -> [b] -> Maybe a foldlMaybeMonoid f a bs = flip evalUpdateMaybe a $ mconcat $ map (UpdateMaybe . flip f) bs
3 Practical example: Parsing numbers using a bound
As a practical example consider a function that converts an integer string to an integer, but that aborts when the number exceeds a given bound.With this bound it is possible to call
readBounded :: Integer -> String -> Maybe Integer readBounded bound str = case str of "" -> Nothing "0" -> Just 0 _ -> foldr (\digit addLeastSig mostSig -> let n = mostSig*10 + toInteger (Char.digitToInt digit) in guard (Char.isDigit digit) >> guard (not (mostSig==0 && digit=='0')) >> guard (n <= bound) >> addLeastSig n) Just str 0 readBoundedMonoid :: Integer -> String -> Maybe Integer readBoundedMonoid bound str = case str of "" -> Nothing "0" -> Just 0 _ -> let m digit = UpdateMaybe $ \mostSig -> let n = mostSig*10 + toInteger (Char.digitToInt digit) in guard (Char.isDigit digit) >> guard (not (mostSig==0 && digit=='0')) >> guard (n <= bound) >> Just n in evalUpdateMaybe (mconcat $ map m str) 0


text:
Pelfrey (5–2, 4.74 ERA) pitched five innings against the Yankees last season and allowed eight hits and four runs. The key with Pelfrey is to get ahead in the count. With a first-pitch strike opponents are batting just .193 against him; they are .387 when he falls behind.
Another thing with Pelfrey is to avoid the big inning. He has a tendency to give up runs in bunches and unravel. He has been unable to minimize the damage.
Sabathia (6–4, 3.71 ERA) left his last start in the second inning with a sore left bicep. He has gone 5-1 over his last nine starts.
An interesting line-up change has Ryan Church in center and Fernando Tatis in right. Gary Sheffield is back and in left.
Here's the batting order:
Luis Castillo, 2B
Alex Cora, SS
David Wright, 3B
Gary Sheffield, LF
Fernando Tatis, RF
Ryan Church, CF
Nick Evans, 1B
Omir Santos, C
Mike Pelfrey, RP


text:
If you are confused about your child's car seat, you are not alone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), most parents, 73 percent install car seats wrong. One in five parents do not even read the directions.
Recent crash tests by the NHTSA gave top safety ratings to more safety seat models than ever before, but they only protect your child if you install them properly.
Car safety seat check stations are held around the country. Nationally certified car seat technicians teach parents the proper way to install the seats for free.
"A lot of times there are just so many little details to look at that it gives just some great piece of mind they come here and know that it's done properly," said safety expert Emile Crown.
"Not being properly belted in can be the difference between a child having no injuries and a child frankly having very severe injuries," said David Strickland, NHTSA Administrator.
Getting children properly belted is confusing. The safest seat depends on the weight and height of your child. There is also rear-facing, forward-facing, and booster seats. How all these seats hook into different models of cars is staggering. Regulations and safety standards have changed over the years.
"Every time you introduce new technology you introduce new ways to misuse new seats," said Crown.
One way to get a seat that fits with your car is to check with your car's manufacturer. It might suggest which car seat to buy.
You can also figure out if your child is in the right seat by visiting NHTSA's website at www.nhtsa.gov/Safety/CPS.
You can also find more on car seats, boosters and seat belt safety from Safe Kids USA at www.safekids.org.
To find the child seat inspection station nearest you visit, http://icsw.nhtsa.gov/cps/cpsfitting/.
Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Transcendence Version Archives
General discussion about anything related to Transcendence.
Post Reply
Thanks. I was after 1.3 so I could have a go at Beyond the Mainline. I think (?) that it might be possible to recompile it from the source code, but there's enough stuff that I don't know how to do without adding more to the list. Also it would be good to be able to download other versions so I can check out the older mods without a heap of compatibility problems.
- Ttech
- Fleet Admiral
- Posts: 2756
- Joined: Tue Nov 06, 2007 12:03 am
- Location: Traveling in the TARDIS
- Contact:
When digdug is back he has all the versions and we'll sync the official archive
- digdug
- Fleet Admiral
- Posts: 2614
- Joined: Mon Oct 29, 2007 9:23 pm
- Location: Decoding hieroglyphics on Tan-Ru-Dorem
I'm back ! well, I never left ! Well, RL got me !
I have nearly all the versions, including most of transdata versions on my Dropbox, so we can do this easily
I have nearly all the versions, including most of transdata versions on my Dropbox, so we can do this easily
- Fleet Officer
- Posts: 1470
- Joined: Tue Mar 22, 2011 8:43 pm
- Location: Alaska
Sorry to upset the New Year Space Races competition with a dead reactor, but as an Update :george moromisato wrote:That's my fault. I need to do a redirect. Stand by...Blitz wrote:That's odd. All I get is a blank page
I am not getting anything on the link from the wiki to http://transcendence.kronosaur.com/arch ... ans100.zip
I had a craving for the one version I love, but mysteriously don't have
thought it was my frozen Alaskan Wireless adapter, but it's been a half hour, so I think not.
I am sure you guys are hard at it the computer thingy over it - no fears, I will check back.
Happy New Years to you all ( which is easy since the Commonwealth obviously uses a version of UTC : how else could Decker always be awake when you show up ? )
Flying Irresponsibly In Eridani......
I don't like to kill pirates in cold blood ..I do it.. but I don't like it..
I don't like to kill pirates in cold blood ..I do it.. but I don't like it..
- TheLoneWolf
- Militia Captain
- Posts: 802
- Joined: Thu Nov 28, 2013 5:03 pm
- Location: Aboard the CSS Radiant
Linkdead :/
- JohnBWatson
- Fleet Officer
- Posts: 1452
- Joined: Tue Aug 19, 2014 10:17 pm
It's not just 1.00, Shane. For me, at least, the entire Archives section is down.
I imagine George is/was doing something with it, what with the new beta version, and it'll be fixed reasonably soon.
I imagine George is/was doing something with it, what with the new beta version, and it'll be fixed reasonably soon.
Hey folks, just tried the archive link from the OP and got a blank page as well. Don't know if it's needed, but I have 0.98d, 0.99c, and several 1.somethings available in case digdug is missing one, doubtful as that is. If/when the archive link is fixed, please post, I'm not online as much as I wish, thanks to no wireless, but would very much like to have all versions. Lack ambition, but have been wanting to compile a list of all mods that work with a given version. It would still be up to the player to work out individual mod conflicts, but at least one wouldn't be attempting to load 1.5 mods on a 1.04 game. For hours. Also, as I recently injured my hand IRL, I appreciated the mouse functionality of 1.7. Hope y'all enjoy your day!
Flying zombie monkeys+Commonwealth militia+coffee drunk while sitting in my customized, personalized Iocrym Battle Pod (God version)=one exciting day for a member of the Sindikat.
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text:
Pain de Champagne; no, that's not misspelled
Yesterday, I transferred six gallon of new Sauvignon Blanc wine from its primary fermenter (food-grade plastic bucket), into a secondary fermenter (glass carboy), leaving behind billions of yeast cells that had done their job beautifully. I was diluting the slurry of yeast collected on the bucket's bottom, to make it easier to pour out when I thought, "I wonder if it could bake bread?".
I scooped out 60g of the much diluted slurry--looked like slightly muddy water--and added 60g of first clear flour, and one-eighth tsp. of diastatic malt powder. Well stirred, I put it in the microwave, with the door propped ajar to keep the light on. (76°F). I chose first clear flour for its ash content, and added the malt powder for a little bit more sugar boost. Champagne yeast is expecting a very sugary environment. Six hour later it peaked, I fed it twice more (no additional malt powder), at approximately six hour intervals; the last six hour spent at 55°F in the wine closet while I got some sleep. I baked a single batard this morning with 300g of this 100% hydration "poolish?", 45g whole Rye, 138g each of AP and Bread Flour, and 9g of salt--this is essentially my weekly sourdough formula with about 4% more leavain than usual. I fermented and S&F'd the dough as always. Bulk fermentation was one-half hour longer than with my usual levain, and the final proof took two hours, again about one-half hour longer than usual. Baked: Pre-heat 550°F, reduced to 450°F immediately following loading, steam for 15 minutes, finished at 430°F an additional 15 minutes.
The wine yeast, Lalvin EC1118, is an old friend. As I understand, it was first isolated to make champagne. It is very alcohol tolerent (18%) and ferments cleanly and completely, In addition to fermenting white wines, I've used it over the years for finishing high alcohol beers like Imperial Stout or Barley Wine, and restarting stuck fermentations. I've characterized it to fellow brewers, "If there's sugar in old tennis shoes, this yeast will ferment them."
Here's the loaf
I guess, at the end of the day yeast is yeast. The taste of this bread, obviously, lacks the slight tanginess we experience in its sourdough form, but the wheat flavors, and rye base note come through cleanly. I'm curious what beer yeast might do. Beer yeasts are especially noted for contributing flavor to beers. There is a beer yeast especially isolated to ferment wheat beers, that contributes a banana-like flavor to the finished beer. I wonder what it would do in bread dough: yet another thing to put on the list to try; it keeps getting longer.
David G