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Difference between revisions of "Cancun"
Revision as of 09:58, 19 March 2013
Cancún [49] is a coastal city in the tourist destination called The Mexican Caribbean, i.e., the state of Quintana Roo, on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. It is a popular vacation spot on the Caribbean coast. there are two possibles meanings of Cancun, according tha mayan lenguage The first translation is "nest of snakes or pot." The second version and less accepted is "place of the gold snake".
Peak season in Cancun tends to run from December to April. Prices in both airfare and hotel increase dramatically during these times, while dropping in the summer and early autumn months. Late June is especially hot, so come prepared or try the off season. Hurricanes can be a major threat in late summer and autumn.
The climate in Cancun is tropical, with consistent hot and humid weather throughout the year, and very warm sea temperatures. Here we have link in order to know how is the weather in each season of the year
Resting on the northeast corner of the Mexican Caribbean, Cancun itself was built on a site selected as the ideal spot for a new tourist development by the Mexican government. The state of Quintana Roo was still a territory and this area had few inhabitants when Cancun was built. It is composed of fourteen miles of pristine white beaches shaped like a number "7", home to Maya archaeological wonders, turquoise seas, a bountiful underwater world, and world-class vacation amenities. It is still considered the gateway to the Mayan World ("El Mundo Maya"). Mayan temples and ritual sites are everywhere, some smothered by lush jungle, others easily accessible. Good tourist attractions.
The Cancun hotel zone is almost entirely built around the tourist industry. It abounds with all-inclusive resort hotels. Stay here only if you don't mind spending your vacation with many other tourists.
Downtown Cancun, especially once you get away from the ADO bus station and nearby hostels and hotels, is a real Mexican city. There are many restaurants (One example of them is La Parrilla, Los Pericos, Los Arcos, El Timon de Cancun, Va que Va. al of them are really good restaurans, and the best thin cheaper than Hotel Zone, and mexican cousin), shopping centers (plaza las americas this mall is similar to plaza la Isla in Hotel Zone, Plazas Outlet), markets ( Mercado 28 y 23) and clubs in the downtown area that you can visit during your stay,(Mambo Cafe)
Those mostly seeking beaches and scuba diving, or who are a bit adventurous, can easily find rooms on equally beautiful and less crowded beaches along the coast just an hour or two south of Cancun for much less than the cost of major Cancun hotels. Some Spanish language skills may aid in finding better deals. You can rent a car, or take the bus to Puerto Morelos (about 20 min) or Tulum (1 hour). Playa del Carmen (45 min, $80) is between the two, but caters to the all-inclusive crowd. Taxis are also available.
Those looking for a base of operations who want good or luxury hotels and the advantages of urban life but prefer more local flavor may wish to stay in the Yucatan's main city of Mérida. Many international flights in to Cancun continue on after a stop to Mérida's international airport.
Get in
By plane
Airlines that fly to Cancun from Mexico City include: Aeromexico, Interjet, Volaris; from the USA: AirTran Airways [50], American Airlines, Delta Airlines, United Airlines, Jetblue, USA 3000, US Airways; from Canada: Air Canada, Air Transat, CanJet, Enerjet, Sunwing Airlines, WestJet and from Europe: AirBerlin, Air France, British Airways, Air Europa and Aeroflot.
Cancún International Airport[51] (IATA: CUN) (ICAO: MMUN) is Mexico's second busiest airport. It is about 10 km (6 mi) from the hotel strip and 16 km (9 mi) southwest of downtown.
One of Cancun's best features is its transport links, as most major air carriers in North, Central, and South America, have service to Cancun. There are some extremely cheap charter flight deals available from the UK (from around £100) as well as commercial flight deals from several European carriers.
The hardest part of the journey to Cancun (aside from your initial airport check-in) is getting from the luggage carousel to your transportation. Make sure you know who your transport is and find them on the outside, as that is where they will be. Unless you are looking for a timeshare, free meal or looking to burn hours of travel time and money on your vacation, do NOT stop to chit-chat with anyone about booking tours and such. There is plenty of time for that after you get settled in. After you clear the red or green light baggage inspection, do not give your bags to any locals offering to carry them. They will either demand money to carry them 15 meters or steal your luggage.
There are two companies officially licensed by Cancun Airport to provide the transfer service to the hotels in Cancun or the Riviera Maya. One is Gray Line and the other one is T.T.A.[52] Both have a selling booth right after the Customs Service. Prices are fixed by the airport and are not negotiable. The two companies offer shuttle service and also private transfer. There are other transportation firms that provide service to and from the airport for a reasonable price as well. Beware of touts who will surround you when you come out of customs clearance. If you proceed straight, you will find the official information center where they can help you with the ground transportation options. If you bought an online shuttle service reservation and you don't find your driver, call customer service yourself; do not trust local people who claim to be airport employees trying to help you (usually airport employees wait for you to come to them, and not the other way round). The legitimate drivers (and their reps) for these shuttle companies are outside the building towards their vehicles.
Discovery Mundo Private & VIP ground transportation. Easy to book online, safe and reliable service.
Happy Shuttle Cancun [53] The Cheapest Shuttle in Cancun, Starting at $10 Comfortable & Safe. Call Now Free 1-800-818-9821
Cancun Cheap Transfers [54] Private & VIP ground transportation.
Cancun Transfer VIP [55] VIP ground transportation.
Dreams Day [56] VIP ground transportation.
Amstar DMC[57] with more than 20 years offering Excursions[58] and Airport Transfers.
Cancun Airport Transfer - Olympus Tours[59] Transfers starting at $13 to the Cancun Hotel Zone. Toll Free.786-338-9358
Cancun Shuttle[60] Good options for late night travelers who arrive between 12am and 7am.
Lomas Travel[61]
Shuttle in Cancun[62] Avoid the crowds secure your transfer
Cancun Airport Transportation[63] Private Transfers to your Resort.
ADO[64] is the main long distance inter-city bus carrier in the Yucatan Peninsula. They offer regular bus service from both terminals at the airport into town and down to Playa del Carmen. The "airport bus station" is in the parking lot outside the domestic arrivals doors at Terminal 2. For international arrivals you turn right, after coming out of the building and walk across to the other side of the building. At Terminal 3 it's a right turn from outside the arrivals doors and past 'Air Margaritaville' (formerly 'Coconuts Welcome Bar') hut.
There is also a first class bus service from the airport to both the ADO bus station in Cancun and to the one in Playa del Carmen. If you are going to Puerto Morelos, you can arrange being dropped at the appropriate intersection on the way to Playa. Buses coming from Cancun stop at terminals 2 and 3, but tickets are sold only at the stop next to terminal 1. To get to the buses, go outside the main building (terminal 1) and turn right. Head up past the end of that building and find the appropriate bus for you. Taxis from the ADO bus station to the airport cost roughly $300 whereas ADO bus service is $42. Also if you want to travel directly from Cancun to Cozumel there is an Airline called MayaAir the only commercial line in the Terminal 1 so you can travel directly throug Cancun tu Cozumel.
Be sure to pass the customs before looking for money exchange - for example inside customs zone in Cancun they offer MX$10.50 to US$1, which is much lower than even greediest street vendors ask. (City bank, Elektra are the best money exchanges you can try.)
Beware of leaving Mexico with enough money. The Mexican Government charges a travel tax of around $500 (US$45) to leave the country from the airport. Most major air carriers may already have the travel tax charged to the price of the ticket, though it is highly recommended that travelers check this before leaving to/from Cancun. For example, Thomas Cook is charging $660, and U.S. dollars are not accepted. -- The current collective travel experience (from TripAdvisor) shows that almost all airlines flying from the US have already included this tax in their airfare, so there is no need to pay again when leaving Cancun. It seems that only charter flights from the UK do not include this tax and UK travelers may need to pay upon leaving.
Also beware of going through security too early. Food and drink prices almost double and you can't easily go back.
By car
Driving in Mexico can be an experience. For more information and tips refer to driving in Mexico
By bus
Cancun's bus station is located downtown on the corner of Uxmal Avenue and Tulum Avenue. Destinations served by bus include most destinations up to Mexico City (26 hr). Grupo ADO [65] is the main long distance bus company in the Yucatan Peninsula. There are other second class bus companies going west (Oriente) and south (Mayab) which take the slow route to get there and make multiple stops along the road to pick up and let off people on request. Ideal if getting off before the final destination of the route.
The bus station is served by a taxi rank in front of the station. Local buses to the hotel zone pass (R-1, R-01) regularly behind the station on the Tulum Avenue.
Get around
Cancun is very easy to navigate. To the South is the airport, to the North is the city and in between on the stretch of land between the sea and the Nichupte lagoon are all the hotels, beaches and bars, referred to as the hotel zone or Zona Hotelera. Downtown is where most residents live and it stretches in on the mainland behind the lagoon.
By bus
It can be interesting catching a bus-they stop when you dont want them! Beaware they are cheap but do have holes in the floors etc. It is also viturally impossible to cross the road!and better to pay in pesos, no dollars
Bus is the preferred way of getting around. Buses are cheap and come frequently. Most bus drivers are very courteous and will stop for you even if you are not waiting at a bus stop. After paying the fare, which is on a per person basis, the driver will hand you a ticket/receipt which are usually printed with advertisements. Just so there are no surprises, do not expect buses to have amenities such as air conditioning and seat cushions. Also, most bus drivers speak enough English just to help visitors get around. A great resource for finding your way around Cancun are the Can-Do Cancun maps & Guides by Perry & Laura McFarlin.
Buses head up and down the main thoroughfare, Blvd Kukulcan, named after the feather serpent which is the main Mayan deity, from the Mayan words kukul (bird) and can (snake). Buses pass constantly but be prepared for a cramped and rough ride. The rules for the bus drivers seem to be "he who gets to the next passenger quickest, makes the most money". Therefore, be prepared for a wild, but entertaining ride. Frequently, locals will get on with their instruments and "entertain". Some are quite good.
When you are ready to get off, you can either push the button on top of the hand rail, or if you're not sure of your destination, tell the driver where you would like to get off or point to the destination using a bus map. Most bus drivers speak enough English to understand non-Spanish speakers.
Be careful when the bus is full as pick-pocketing is a concern.
Companies serving the station include all attractions and towns along the coast: the Riviera Express for the Riviera Maya (Playa del Carmen, Tulum, Xel-Ha, etc.) and ADO for the major national destinations. For some Riviera Maya destinations, it's possible to stop the buses on the Tulum Avenue without having to go all the way to the station, however if you are unsure about where to catch the bus then it's best to go to the station.
By taxi
Taxis are plentiful, a bit expensive for the hotel zone and airport, but cheap in the downtown area. Fares for the hotel zone depend on how far along the Blvd Kukulcan you want to go (fares available at hotel receptions and shopping centres), while within the downtown there is a general fixed fare of about $20 per trip, it is best to just ask the driver upon boarding to avoid misunderstandings. By far, the best mode of transportation for the hotel zone is by bus. The bus fare is cheap and getting from Point A to Point B doesn't take very long.
Be careful and clear with your taxista. They have set rates on paper for how much they should charge for the trip per kilometer (no meter). You can also obtain a discount about 10% if you ask. If you are splitting a cab with friends, be clear on the number of services, people, and price he will charge to your destination. If your friends get out before you he can charge you twice the amount you negotiated for just a few more kilometers. A "service" is considered to be from start point to a requested stop point. If your taxista is non-cooperative there are about 10 more taxis around every corner.
By car
Be very careful if you choose to drive in Cancun. The police seem to pull tourists over at the drop of a hat during spring break. When you pick up a rental, check that all the lights work. Also when you are pulled over for a light violation, do not be surprised if the police holds out an open palmed hand, while holding your driver's license hostage in the other. Most police officers are underpaid and will for the most part demand a small bribe to let you off the hook.
See the related travel article driving in Mexico for additional information.
There are several activities you can do in Cancun. You can either buy them from the provider or through an agency. Most of the agencies offer extra values at the same price. Here are two of the most recognized Excursions agencies in Cancun.
Here is a list of the most popular activities in Cancun:
With golf courses in Cancun, visitors can still have a great vacation and enjoy the game. Surrounded by the beautiful Mexican landscape these courses are home of renowned championships.
When shopping in Cancun, you can either go into downtown or the hotel zone. Downtown is much cheaper.
Cancun is one of the premier spa destinations in the world with a choice of more than thirty Cancun Spa Resorts that promise to transport your mind, body and spirit to a nirvana of pure bliss. Spas in Cancun offer treatments combining native, ancient mayan healing rituals, modern stress-reducing techniques.
Try a traditional Temazcal steam bath or a full-body massage on the beach overlooking the turquoise blue waters. Indulge in a thalassotherapy treatment and relax as expert therapists provide natural body wraps made with local plants and flowers
Cancun's nightlife is unlike any other destination on Earth. For some, a day in Cancun doesn't start until tasks like an 11AM breakfast, nap on the beach, and siesta are arduously completed. This is your place to shine.
The legal drinking age in Mexico is 18, but it is not strongly enforced.
Hotel Zone
The Hotel Zone is a huge venue and gets top entertainers and DJs. Don't be surprised to see Vegas like shows spontaneously erupt while you are sipping your piña colada. These clubs can charge large covers ranging from US$20-60 per person, though the cover can include an open bar.
You may find yourself dancing in a conga line, laughing your cares away and speaking whatever Español you managed to pickup. A must for the first timers, and always good fun for returners also. Coco Bongo's entertainment includes a show, complete with girls swinging from the ceilings.
Yaxchilan Avenue
Also try the clubs at Yaxchilan Avenue, located in downtown Cancun, where all the locals hang out.
Cancun is in the state of Quintana Roo, at the north-eastern tip of the Yucatan peninsula. During the '70s it became an exclusive tourist destination, after the construction of the first hotels. Cancun is divided into two very distinct areas: the hotel area, an island separated from the mainland, connected by two bridges in the North and the South. In the interior is the lagoon called Nichupté. The second area is the centre of the modern city of Cancun, full of shops, restaurants and shows.
Cancún has a large range of 3-5 star hotels in the "hotel zone" and some more economical hotels in the city center.
Note that several aging resorts located on and around Punta Cancun are now relying upon heavily discounted vacation packages or all-inclusive deals to fill rooms. They market themselves heavily as a great bargain to starving college students as well as working-class and lower middle class tourists, many of whom are going overseas for their first time. The result is that Punta Cancun is jam-packed with people who can barely afford to be on vacation and perpetuate all the "ugly American" bad tourist stereotypes. If you prefer to spend your vacations around people who can handle their liquor and are sensible enough to only yell in real emergencies, it may be worth it to splurge on a newer resort in the central or southern part of the Hotel Zone. Then you can save Punta for a brief day trip, mainly to reassure yourself why you are paying $100 more per day for a much quieter (and more pleasant) experience.
Riu Palace Peninsula- New 5 star all inclusive resort with 572 ocean view suites and 5 large swimming pools, Including one with swim up bar. Also 5 restaurants in resort. You could also try out the growing vacation rental market as well. It's a chance to experience Cancun without having to share close spaces with thousands of tourists. They are an alternative if you are willing to go without the frills of room service or resort commodities.
Most resorts in the hotel zone have a travel agent on site during the daytime to assist you with making reservations around Cancun, including the Mayan ruins. It is often better to book activities through these travel agents as they are employed by the hotel and cannot easily cheat you. Activities are also sold at booths found in the busier areas. Prices for the same activities are cheaper in Cancun town than in the hotel zone.
Stay healthy
It is highly recommended that you buy bottled water and drink it frequently to avoid dehydration or heat stroke. Bottled water, depending on size, typically costs $30-50 (US$2.75-4.55). Otherwise, do not drink the water unless your hotel has a water purification system. Most of the resorts in Cancun have purified water at all of the facilities located inside the resorts including the bars and restaurants. The upper-scale restaurants usually have purified water as well, but the water outside of these areas is not safe to drink.
The sun's UV rays are extremely strong in Cancun, even on cloudy days, and will burn any exposed skin on most persons from northern climates within a few minutes. Sunscreens that may be adequate elsewhere may not be sufficient in Cancun.
Because Cancun has powerful waves (see below), do not assume your sunscreen layer will remain intact. Always apply a fresh layer of sunscreen after taking a dip in the ocean.
Stay safe
Weather— Cancun is a place where the weather can change in a matter of minutes rather than hours. As in most tropical places, rain storms will start quickly and leave as quickly as it came. When a storm lingers, use caution in the water; especially when lightning is present.
Timeshare and condos are a big business all over Yucatan, especially Cancun. "Tourist information" is another word for sales representative. If someone is offering you an "free" tour to anyplace or at a discount this means a 90 minute or longer presentation about condos and time-shares. There are 20 reps waiting on the righthand side when you arrive at the Cancun airport. There are also reps in Mexico city attracting tourists with free Xe-Hal and Chichen Ha tours. These timeshare presentations are not always a waste of time. Some of these timeshare presentations offer coupons or other free offers which can total to several thousand dollars of savings during your trip if you are willing to endure the presentation.
Nothing is free- Most important lesson. Someone comes up to you and says you want a shot of tequlia? Come on its fun. This means you have not negotiated the price.
Don't use ATMs out of the banks- There are ATMs all over Cancun. Use only ones that are inside banks or your hotel. Pharmacies, stores, gas stations are to be avoided. You will become a victim of identity theft (There is security 24 hrs a day in hotel zone, but you never know, just common sense)or you will find big charges for the commission of using them.
The Buddy System- If you plan to have a long night out in the strip, take precautions and have a friend with you at all times (even walking to the bathroom). Unsuspecting tipsy tourists can be easy targets for petty robbery.
Get out


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CI Financial amends Normal Course Issuer Bid
TSX Symbol: CIX
TORONTO, May 1, 2017 /CNW/ - CI Financial Corp. ("CI") announced today that The Toronto Stock Exchange has accepted its Amended Notice of Intention to Make a Normal Course Issuer Bid (the "Notice").
CI amends the Notice to increase the number of common shares that may be purchased from 10,000,000 to 12,500,000, by way of a normal course issuer bid through the facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange and alternative Canadian trading systems. Common shares may be purchased by CI or purchased by a trustee to satisfy obligations under equity-based compensation plans for CI. All common shares purchased by CI (but not those purchased by such a trustee) will be cancelled. The 12,500,000 common shares represent 4.82% of the total public float for CI as of June 13, 2016. As of April 28, 2017, there are 262,348,278 issued and outstanding common shares of CI.
It is expected that the increased purchases under the normal course issuer bid may commence on May 1, 2017 and will terminate on June 17, 2017, or on such earlier date as CI completes its purchases or provides notice of termination. Purchases will be effected through the facilities of The Toronto Stock Exchange at prevailing market prices, or such other means as may be permitted by The Toronto Stock Exchange. CI is permitted to purchase up to 129,061 common shares daily, being twenty-five percent of the average daily trading volume of the common shares for the six months ended May 31, 2016 (516,244).
CI believes that the market price of the common shares may, at certain times throughout the duration of the normal course issuer bid, be undervalued based on CI's financial performance and prospects and accordingly the directors are of the opinion that the purchase of common shares is an appropriate use of funds in order to increase shareholder value.
Under its current normal course issuer bid, CI purchased 9,992,428 of its common shares at a weighted average price of $26.36 per common share between June 18, 2016 and April 28, 2017.
CI Financial Corp. (TSX: CIX) is an independent, Canadian-owned wealth management company. CI offers a broad range of investment products and services, including an industry-leading selection of investment funds. CI is on the Web at www.ci.com/cix.
SOURCE CI Financial Corp.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chillout DJ Veeru
Enna Sona (Chillout Dance Remix) DJ Veeru Official4:0025 3Like Repost SocialAddDownloadto Set to Group to Playlist4:00
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Recycling beautiful vintage images into cleaned up and enlarged digi images. Use as image transfers on the surface of your choice, or in your scrapbooking and cardmaking crafts. Printables. One of a kind pieces and offered as a gift. Payment is your comments.
I have seen this image by others and never liked it. I like it a lot this way. Great job! Thank you. Edwina Brown


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*** (out of four)
Bug-eyed and nervous, his face drooping like a person sliding off a bench, Dwight (Macon Blair) looks a lot like comedian Jon Daly ("Kroll Show," "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty"). But there's nothing funny about Dwight's situation: In the tunnel-tight "Blue Ruin," violence is everywhere, whether it's past or imminent.
For a while in this tense thriller from writer-director Jeremy Saulnier, little is said or known. Dwight lives off the grid, opening the film by jumping out of a bath and then a first-floor window, fearing the homeowners' arrival. He's soon warned that a killer is about to be freed from prison. I'm reluctant to say much more about the plot because there isn't a ton of it, and much of the pleasure of "Blue Ruin" is letting its urgency coil around your heart, daring it to move. The atmosphere is immediate and unflinching.
An efficient, 86-minute genre piece like this may be fat-free, but it also leaves room for details that would set it aside from its cinematic relatives. (Many have compared the film to early Coen brothers work.) It's also the impact of one action on all involved that drives this revenge tale. Saulnier knows how to depict vengeance without suggesting it's going to do any good. He may shoot himself in the foot by going for a laugh or two at the wrong time, but he also gets maximum results from bullets shared between enemies who still register as people rather than faceless villains.
Tragedy spreads like a virus in "Blue Ruin," in which the difficulty of determining if you're playing offense or defense is part of the point.
Watch Matt review the week's big new movies Fridays at noon on NBC.
Want more? Discuss this article and others on RedEye's Facebook page.


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Reviewed By Jennifer M (ARPIN, WI) Reviewed for a 2012 Chevy Equinox —3/31/2016 4:39 AM
I love the way the seat covers look and fit! My only complaint would be that for my particular vehicle the backseat covers are extremely hard to put on due to there is no room for hands under the seat. After much swearing I discovered that with a metal coat hanger and 2nd person you can pull the straps forward to appoint that it's easy to cinch down the covers. I was annoyed putting the back on but the front was extremely easy. That being said I LOVE them and am glad I bought them.


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Pictures: U2 tribute band at Downtown Disney
The U2 tribute band 'Elevation,' from Toronto, Canada, performs at the 2nd Annual Great Irish Hooley, at Raglan Road Irish Pub at Downtown Disney, Sunday, September 1, 2013. Since 2002, Elevation has toured worldwide in 187 cities, including performances in Japan, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bosnia, Trinidad and the Dominican Republic. It's their 11th year performing at Walt Disney World. (Joe Burbank/Orlando Sentinel)
Copyright © 2019, Orlando Sentinel


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Top 10 of 11-12: Three-peat for Lady Bisons at Allen Arena
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – Where else but No. 3? The Lipscomb volleyball team blistered rival Belmont 3-0 (25-14, 25-19, 25-15) to earn the third-straight Atlantic Sun Conference Tournament championship after having to split the regular season title with the Bruins.
The win punched the Lady Bisons ticket to the NCAA Tournament where Lipscomb faced off against Texas A&M in College Station, Texas.
Senior Katie Rose earned A-Sun Tournament MVP honors and was joined on the All-Tournament team by then freshman Lauren Ford and fellow senior Abbey Fay.


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Managing alarms using rationalization
We've seen it before: poorly designed alarm systems have caused operators to miss critical alarms or to respond incorrectly, leading to unplanned shutdowns, reduced product quality, damaged assets, or worse. Reductions in operating staff and the corresponding increase in process responsibility for each operator (more loops per operator) have contributed to these issues.
The biggest culprit, however, has been the application of technology in modern control systems. In the days of hardwired controls and alarms (the "good old days" to some), engineers had to justify the need for each alarm that went on the panel because there was a real cost of around $1,000 per alarm and limited space on the panel. Since modern control systems come pre-engineered with alarm conditions galore, alarms are now often mistakenly considered free. There is, therefore, little or no incentive to justify alarms or minimize their number. No one wants to be blamed for not providing an alarm, so many are motivated to enable all of the alarm conditions provided by the system. As shown in Figure 1 below, this has led to alarm overload in the control room, nuisance alarms, alarm floods, and incorrectly prioritized alarms, all of which diminish the operator's effectiveness.
Some basics
A well-functioning alarm system allows the operator to run the process close to its ideal operating point and keep it running safely. The first step in designing such a system is to establish the criteria for an alarm and document it in an alarm philosophy document using the following definitions:
Alarm: An audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring a defined response. It follows that adequate time must be allowed for the operator to carry out that response. In addition, each alarm should alert, inform, and guide; and each alarm presented to the operator should be useful and relevant [Ref ISA-18.2 and EEMUA 191]. This means if the operator does not need to respond, there should not be an alarm.
Alarm philosophy document (APD): The document that establishes the standards for how a company or site will address all aspects of alarm management, including design, operations, and maintenance. It contains the definition/criteria for determining what should be an alarm, in addition to the rules for rationalization such as how to prioritize alarms, determine their setpoints, and classify them. The alarm philosophy document must be in place before rationalization can begin.
The term "alarm" is often used to identify candidate alarms as well as those that have completed rationalization. For clarity in this discussion we'll make this distinction:
A candidate alarm is one being considered for inclusion in the alarm system. It can already exist (brownfield system) or be a proposed/potential alarm for a greenfield or brownfield system.
The term "alarm" will designate a rationalized alarm, one that has been evaluated against the APD and found to meet the necessary criteria.
Beginning the process
Rationalization is the process in which a multidisciplinary team reviews each candidate alarm to ensure that it is justified and meets the criteria for being an alarm as documented in the APD. The goal is an alarm system in which the right alarm is delivered to the operator at the right time with the right importance and the right information.
Rationalization is one of the stages of the alarm management lifecycle defined in ISA-18.2. It is often called documentation and rationalization (D+R), because all this information should be properly documented in a master alarm database (MADB). Alarm management tools are available to aid in this effort. An effective tool can significantly reduce the time to complete the overall process, both saving money and reducing the time commitment of key personnel.
To begin, form a rationalization team. The team should include three or four core members plus a roster of part-time members who can offer specific expertise. An alarm management expert should serve as facilitator. A sample team is shown below [Ref ISA-18.2 TR2].
Full time:
- Production and/or process engineer(s) familiar with the process, economics, and control system;
- Operator(s) with a deep knowledge of the process and control system experience;
- Process control and instrument engineer; and
- Alarm management facilitator.
One of these will usually be selected as scribe.
Part time as needed:
- Safety/risk management and environmental engineers;
- Maintenance/equipment reliability;
- Instrumentation/analyzer specialists; and
- Management (kick-off).
The team then gathers the documentation required to conduct the review of candidate alarms such as P+IDs, HAZOPs, SIL assessments, operating procedures, and, most importantly, the APD. Then begins the nitty-gritty of the rationalization process, a systematic walk through the steps below for each candidate.
Select and review candidates
Candidate alarms may be selected for review one at a time or as groups where there are similarities. The selection order should follow a logical sequence, typically dictated by the arrangement of the equipment within the process. This allows previous design results to be reused and reapplied.
The first step of the review is to determine whether the candidate meets the fundamental criteria documented in the alarm philosophy, such as:
- Does it indicate a malfunction, deviation, or undesirable condition;
- Does it require a timely operator action in order to avoid defined consequences;
- Is it unique, or are there other alarms that indicate the same condition; and
- Is it the best indicator of the root cause of the undesirable situation?
On operator action: Valid operator actions such as starting a backup pump or opening a valve are designed to change the behavior of the process, while simply acknowledging the alarm or writing it down in a log do not. If an operator action cannot be defined, then the candidate alarm condition is not valid.
On uniqueness: If candidate alarm conditions share the same operator action, then this may indicate redundant alarms. One method of determining whether both high and high-high tank level conditions are valid is to analyze the operator action for each one. If the operator's response to the high level (reduce the inlet flow) is different in kind or degree from the high-high level (stop the inlet flow), then both conditions may be warranted.
Candidate alarms that don't pass the criteria are marked for decommissioning or removal from the alarm system. This weeds out candidates that are not necessary or justified. Candidates that pass this criteria move on to the next step, which is to determine their priority.
Determine priority
Alarm priority helps the operator determine which alarm to respond to first and is, therefore, critical to safe and effective control of the process. It is commonly divided into three or four levels with labels such as emergency or critical, high, medium, and low to facilitate operator response. Priority is determined through analysis of two factors: the severity of the consequences of inaction and the urgency. These are combined into an alarm prioritization matrix that is documented in the APD. Table 1 shows a simple illustration. In rationalization, each candidate alarm is evaluated using the matrix from the APD to determine its priority. Modern alarm management tools make this process fairly straightforward.
To begin, it is necessary to identify the direct (proximate) consequences from failing to manage the candidate alarm and their severity. It is important to evaluate only the direct consequences, not what could happen based upon a series of failures. For example, the potential consequences of a safety-critical alarm might be tripping a safety instrumented system, not the hazardous event itself.
If a consequence of inaction cannot be identified, then the candidate alarm should be removed. For example, if the only direct consequence of a high level alarm is triggering a high-high level alarm, then the high alarm may not be needed.
Next, the urgency, which is defined as the time the operator has to respond, must be estimated. Time to respond can represent the time before the operator must begin his or her response, or the allowable time from the activation of the alarm until the last moment that the operator's action will prevent the consequence.
If the amount of time is too long or unacceptably short, the candidate alarm should be redesigned or the condition should be handled outside of the alarm system.
While matrices from various sources will differ, Table 1 illustrates the concept. Priority is identified by the intersection of the column with the most severe consequence and the row with its estimated urgency. The rationalization team can choose to accept or reject the priority determined from the matrix. The priority and rationale for selection are recorded in the MADB.
Determine the setpoint
The setpoint is the value or logical condition at which an alarm is designed to activate and annunciate to the operator. It must be defined far enough from the consequence threshold to allow time for the operator to take corrective action and for the process to respond, including an acceptable safety margin. It should also allow enough distance from normal operating conditions that the alarm is not triggered as a result of normal process variation.
In a brownfield system, operating experience can often be used to judge if the existing setpoint provides an acceptable amount of time. If so, the existing setpoint is accepted. If the judgment is that the setpoint is not acceptable, or if it is a greenfield system, then it is determined from an evaluation of the process dynamics. Information guiding this should be in the APD. The setpoint and rationale for its selection are recorded in the MADB.
A common mistake in designing alarms is to configure alarm setpoints based on rules of thumb relative to the engineering range. An example is configuring the setpoints for high-high, high, low, and low-low as 90%, 80%, 20%, and 10% of range, respectively. This can result in alarm setpoints that do not properly take into account the time the operator has to respond, the process variable's rate of change, the consequence threshold, or the process deadtime.
Other documentation
Design: Rationalization includes documentation of alarm parameters besides priority and setpoint. Careful consideration of these parameters can result in greatly improved alarm system performance. For example, proper application of deadband and alarm delays can minimize chattering alarms, a type of nuisance alarm, as well as prevent problems during installation and commissioning. Alarm deadband is a function used to reduce the number of times an alarm triggers for a given abnormal condition, which ideally would be only once. It prevents an alarm from returning to normal until the alarm condition is cleared by the deadband.
Another example is using advanced alarming, such as alarm suppression, to ensure that alarms are relevant. Alarm suppression techniques prevent the annunciation of an alarm to the operator when the base alarm condition is present but not relevant. For example, an alarm indicating low suction pressure to a pump that is not running could be suppressed. Other examples of suppression techniques include alarm flood suppression, where alarms are suppressed during specific unplanned scenarios, and state-based suppression when alarms are suppressed based on the operating state of the plant. In some state-based alarming scenario cases, alarm setpoints should be set differently based on the state of the process.
Operator response: As shown in Table 2, rationalization also includes documentation designed to improve operator response, including probable causes of alarm activation, procedures for corrective action (the operator's response), and verification procedures to confirm that the alarm condition is real (not a false alarm). All this documented information should be made available to operators to help them diagnose and respond to alarms. Alarm response procedures can be used for operator training and can be integrated into the HMI (human machine interface) to provide operators with online access to this information.
Management practices: Finally, rationalization includes classification to identify groups of alarms with similar characteristics and common requirements for training, testing, documentation, management of change, or data retention. This makes management and administration easier. It also provides extra visibility to those alarms which require special treatment such as those that are environmentally critical, provide risk reduction as part of a layer of protection analysis, or are OSHA PSM critical.
Benefits of alarm rationalization
When it comes to alarms, more is not better. Successful rationalization activity will yield an optimum set of alarms that are needed to keep the process safe and in the normal operating range. When executed properly, rationalization will:
- Reduce alarm load on the operator;
- Reduce the chance of missing critical alarms;
- Remove nuisance alarms (e.g., chattering, fleeting, or stale alarms);
- Eliminate redundant alarms;
- Insure that alarms are properly prioritized for correct action;
- Improve operator response–quicker, more consistent, and more effective;
- Increase system integrity–improve operator trust of alarm system;
- Optimize the risk reduction of alarms used as a safety layer of protection; and
- Lay the groundwork for continued process improvement.
Not only will the result be that the right alarm is delivered to the operator at the right time with the right importance and the right information, but an effective rationalization will also help comply with industry standards such as ISA-18.2, which is expected to be considered as "good engineering practice" by insurance companies and regulatory agencies in the near future.
Todd Stauffer is an alarm management consultant for exida. Reach him at tstauffer(at)exida.com. John Bogdan is principal consultant for J Bogdan Consulting. Reach him at jbogdan(at)jbogdanconsulting.com. Susan Booth is a technical writer for J Bogdan Consulting.
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Rationalization example
Let's look at a simple example to see how the rationalization process works. Consider a storage tank with an overflow line, all contained within a dike. The overflow line is sized to handle the maximum flow into the tank, and the dike area volume is sufficient to contain the entire contents of the tank safely. An automated trip shuts off the flow into the tank before the level reaches the overflow line. This automated trip provides enough risk reduction so that no additional layers of protection are required. The number and type of level measurements are irrelevant for the purposes of this discussion; however, we can assume that the level measurement is accurate and reliable. During the design of the control system, three candidate alarms were proposed:
- A high level alarm activated below the automated trip;
- A high-high level alarm at the trip; and
- A high-high-high level alarm between the trip and overflow.
Let's rationalize each of these candidate alarms in turn.
High level: This candidate alarm is both relevant and unique. It is important that the operator be alerted to an impending trip, and level is the single, best measurement to detect it. The consequence of failing to manage the high alarm is that the level will continue to increase until the automated trip is activated. Since the automated trip should be designed to stop the flow into the tank safely, the only impact to the process is the upset caused by that stoppage. Referring to the prioritization matrix (Table 1), there are no safety or environmental impacts. Assuming that the financial impact to the business of the flow stoppage is minor (less than $50,000) and that the operator has more than five minutes to respond, the priority of this alarm would be low. Typical corrective actions would be to reduce the flow into the tank, divert the flow to a different tank, and/or increase the outflow from the tank.
High-high level (trip): The automated trip is a direct result of failing to manage the high level alarm. It does not have any consequences that are different from the high level alarm, so it is not unique. In addition, it does not provide any time for the operator to respond. Thus, it fails on two counts to meet the criteria for an alarm. This candidate alarm should be rejected for inclusion in the alarm system.
High-high-high level: While the high-high-high level is a result of failing to manage the high alarm, it is not the direct result because failure of the automated trip is also required to activate it. Therefore, you cannot automatically deduce that it has the same consequences. In fact, it does not have the same consequences, and it requires different corrective actions. This candidate alarm indicates the failure of the automated trip system, so it is clearly relevant. However, it may not be the best means to detect this failure. Other methods such as valve limit switches, pump run statuses, or flow measurements may provide an earlier indication of the failure. If any of those are available, they should be used instead of this proposed alarm. But for the sake of argument, we'll assume that they are not available. The consequence of failing to manage this alarm is that the level will continue to increase until the tank overflows into the contained area. Referring again to the prioritization matrix (Table 1), it is unlikely that there would be a serious safety impact. However, there would be both an environmental and a financial consequence requiring notifications and replacing lost product. Based on how quickly the operator response needs to be, rapid or immediate, the priority of this alarm would be medium or high. The corrective actions for this alarm would be different from those of the high alarm and the automated trip (they were obviously ineffective or failed) and would include more aggressive actions to stop flow into the tank.
For this situation, assuming other methods of detecting trip failure are not available, the high and high-high-high level alarms would move on in the rationalization process and, ultimately, be included in the alarm system.
Common alarm performance issues that can be addressed via rationalization are shown in Table 2.
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love story Yuni Shara and Raffi Ahmad increasingly bold show intimacy in public space. After Luna Maya and Ariel Peterpan do kiss scenes in front of thousands of children who pack Tennis Indoor Senayan Raffi Ahmad now turn to the scenes with the warm smell Yuni Shara, when program music 'Dahsyat' RCTI progress.
Scene is started when Yuni Shara become guest stars in an event broadcast directly by the RCTI, on Friday 24 July 2009 yesterday. Raffi is one of the presenters to be the event a natural look when two friends, Olga Syahputra and Luna Maya ridicule
Moreover, color and clothing Raffi Yuni coincidence that same black, became the object of ridicule and Olga Luna. "Come, both black and wear black clothes, home pilgrimage" said Olga
Olga immediately and so vibrant that they make a whim, on the clothes on Yuni Shara. "Oh this was torn Raffi" said Olga while the show is.
Yuni is only a smile to finally relax a bit while holding Raffi's shoulder. Widows even two children do not hesitate to welcome this hands Raffi left shoulder in a circle.
Luna Maya and Olga is not exhausted intellect eventually ask to smell Raffi Yuni Shara. "Normally if there Raffi girl who came here kiss, now Kiss Yuni" said Olga perkily
Raffi's that appear before the still more suddenly muted when Olga ridicule tactless. "I am not bashful, usual, this evidence" Raffi said then kissed the left cheek and right Yuni Shara.
Action is classified as reckless as it were to be real evidence that between Raffi and Yuni are now stranded middle of a beautiful love story
Raffi Ahmad appear in the huddle women mature women mature alias that want a formal ceremony attended the new restaurant owned by Yuni Shara. Raffi enjoys coming to the front held items. Gave the impression that the owner is intent that night. Raffi is not visible because the bumbling Yuni serve our guests.
Because of this, besides Her mother, Raffi has never been seen close to the women who are older. Women who had a relationship with any Raffi, the average young girl who is still young. But enchantment Yuni really hypnotic happy guy who is known to change my boyfriend ini.although different age and status of Yuni, Raffi would feel lucky to be up to the former wife of Henry Siahaan.


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Andre LeClair needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 63 designs submitted by 25 freelance designers.
A band that plays wedding and events seeks new logo. See current at bostonplayers.com
Boston Players
New logo needed. Existing logo is OK, but we need a bold new fresh look . Logog will be used for letterhead, website etc.
Age of clientele is 27-35 upwardly mobile. The band performs at high end hotels and country clubs
crisp and clean
hip yet classic and expensive lookingtoo
- black backround
- logog to be used on letterhead and website
- goofy musical notes
- characters, silouettes
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Thursday, April 23
Doors 8pm | Show 9pm
Action sports photographers hold time still.
Out in the field, the mountains, the surf, they lug gear and lenses to capture the most dynamic moments in action sports, pushing back the passage of time with their shutter-fingers, and an eye for the extraordinary.
At the twelfth annual Olympus Pro Photographer Showdown, these freeze frames are curated into 9 minute digital slide-shows by a half dozen of the best lifestyle and action photographers in the world, competing for the title of Best in Show and a $10,000 grand prize.
Dubbed the "Sundance Festival of Action Photography", the TELUS World Ski and Snowboard Festival's Pro Photographer Showdown is a visual feast and the preeminent action sports photography event in the world.
The Call for Photographers is Out. Submission deadline is Thursday, February 26th.
The 2000-seat Olympus Pro Photographer Showdown sells out every year. Tickets will go on sale late February.


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Girl Last Seen by Nina Laurin is one of the Kindle Daily Deals on Amazon today. You can download it to your device today for just $2.99. The print list price of this novel is $14.99. Prices on Amazon can fluctuate, so be sure to verify the price before buying.
Kindle books can be read on Kindles and on your device with a free Kindle reading app.


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Ilya Kaminsky was born in Odessa, former Soviet Union in 1977, and arrived to the United States in 1993, when his family was granted asylum by the American government.
Ilya is the author of Dancing In Odessa (Tupelo Press) which won the Whiting Writer's Award, the American Academy of Arts and Letters' Metcalf Award, the Dorset Prize, the Ruth Lilly Fellowship given annually by Poetry magazine. Dancing In Odessa was also named Best Poetry Book of the Year by ForeWord Magazine.
Kaminsky was awarded Lannan Foundation's Literary Fellowship.
Poems from his new manuscript, Deaf Republic, were awarded Poetry magazine's Levinson Prize and the Pushcart Prize.
Recently, he was on the short-list for Neusdadt International Literature Prize.
His anthology of 20th century poetry in translation, Ecco Anthology of International Poetry, was published by Harper Collins in March.
His poems have been translated into numerous langauges and his books have been published in many countries including Turkey, Holland, Russia, France, Mexico, Mecedonia, Romania, Spain and China, where his poetry was awarded the Yinchuan International Poetry Prize.
Kaminsky has worked as a law clerk for San Francisco Legal Aid and the National Immigration Law Center. He curently works as the Court Appointed Special Advocate for Orphaned Children in Southern California.
Currently, he teaches English and Comparative Literature at San Diego State University.
"Like Joseph Brodsky before him, Kaminsky is a terrifyingly good poet, another poet from the former U.S.S.R. who, having adopted English, has come to put us native speakers to shame... It seemed to take about five minutes to read this book, and when I began again, I reached the end before I was ready. That's how compulsive, how propulsive it is to read. It wraps you in a world created by a new and wonderful poet." --The Philadelphia Inquirer
"With his magical style in English, poems in Dancing In Odessa seem like a literary counterpart to Chagall in which laws of gravity have been suspended and colors reassigned, but only to make everyday reality that much more indelible. His imagination is so transformative that we respond with equal measures of grief and exhilaration." --American Academy of Arts and Letters Citation for Metcalf Award
"What a glory Musica Humana is, all the depths and outer reaches of a human heart sung and spoken into visible existence. It is a book I wish I'd written, full of weeping and laughing and clapping and howling. It reaches far back into collective human imagination and charges our present moment with a great sense of destiny. I will read it again and again.
--Li-Young Lee
"A superb and vigorous imagination, a poetic talent of rare and beautiful proportions, whose work is surely destined to be widely and enthusiastically noticed and applauded.
--Anthony Hecht
"Kaminsky is more than a promising poet; he is a poet of promise fulfilled. I am in awe of his gifts."
--Carolyn Forche
"Passionate, daring to laugh and weep, direct and unexpected, Ilya Kaminsky's poetry has a glorious tilt and scope."
--Robert Pinsky
"Ilya Kaminsky's poems are sometimes deliriously happy and sometimes full of horror, but they are always immense in their ideas and their reach."
--The Jerusalem Post
"Dancing in Odessa is a rich, reverberative dance with memories of a haunted city -- and memory itself: "letters with a child's signature, a raspberry, a page of sky."
--Carol Muske-Dukes, Los Angeles Times
"Dancing in Odessa is born under two signs-- memory and ecstasy. Ilya Kaminsky proceeds like a perfect gardener--he grafts the gifts of the Russian newer literary tradition on the American tree of poetry and forgetting."
--Adam Zagajewski
"Rare and exilarating pleasure"
--Boston Review
" This is an intricate, muscular, startlingly powerful collections, one that amazes by image and statement, by its shaped whole, and by the sheer scope of its poetic observation. Kaminsky is truly a descendant of Odysseus, after whom his birth city was named, and his poems reflect both Odyssean wanderings and the liberation of mind that opens the way to craft. Inventiveness of language, the investigative passion, praises, lamentation, and a proper sense of the ridiculous are omnipresent. Kaminsky poems are wholly local yet unprovincial, intimate yet free of ego. This book is a breathtaking debut ."
--Jane Hirshfield, Ploughshares
"From canonical modernists like Valery, Vallejo and Pasternak to younger poets of today, the Ecco Anthology collects an amazing spectrum of poetic voices from around the world in gifted translations, often by other well-known poets. It becomes immediately indispensable." - John Ashbery
"This astonishing anthology deeply substantiates Ruben Dario's claim that "a poet moves in the world." It is a modern book of wonders, of airy correspondences and earthly dialogues, of faraway voices and unlikely global encounters, of borders magically crossed and deaths transfigured, of candles lighting each other, like souls. It is inexhaustible."- Edward Hirsch
"An impossible task well done is a great thing. And for those of us more or less islanded in English, this sample of the planet's poetic riches translated from many tongues is a precious gift, a privileged opening to a larger world. The editors' allegiance to what connects and enlarges us led to the bold decision to arrange these 20th Century poets-not by language or nation-but chronologically, making time their shared dwelling place, and poetry a human space in a barbarous century." - Eleanor Wilner
"Starting from the shared and shareable human heart, the poems in this stunning, indispensable anthology guide us readers by a thousand paths across that landscape of terror and beauty that was the twentieth century. By journey's end, we've traversed the whole globe and stand on the threshold of the new millennium in a world made small, and whole, and home by these poets, these poems." - Gregory Orr
Ilya Kaminsky
Department of English and Comparative Literature
San Diego State University
San Diego, CA 92182


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Temporary fix for collapsed Washington bridge expected mid-June
A permanent replacement for the section of a Washington state freeway bridge that collapsed last week is expected in place by early autumn.
A permanent replacement for the section of a Washington state freeway bridge that collapsed last week is expected in place by early autumn, and a temporary span could be up by mid-June, Washington state Governor Jay Inslee said on Sunday.
A 160-foot (48-meter) section of the Interstate 5 bridge over the Skagit River about 55 miles north of Seattle collapsed on Thursday after being struck by a truck carrying an oversize load. Two vehicles behind the truck plunged into the frigid waters below, and three people were plucked from the river with non-life-threatening injuries.
The remaining portion of the bridge has been inspected and will not need to be replaced, Inslee said in a statement.
"We will install a temporary span on the bridge that will restore traffic while we build a safe and durable permanent span adjacent to it," Inslee said.
The temporary span will accommodate fewer vehicles traveling slower than the normal limit of 60 miles per hour, the governor said.
Once the temporary span is in place, crews will begin working on the permanent replacement.
"The home stretch will be a two week total closure of I-5 likely in September as crews remove the temporary structure and move the permanent bridge into place," Washington State Department of Transportation Secretary Lynn Peterson said in a statement.
Inspection records show the bridge had been struck multiple times by vehicles over the past 10 years, National Transportation Safety Board Chairman Deborah Hersman said on Sunday.
Before Thursday, the most recent documented vehicle strike occurred in October, leaving visible gouge marks in the steel truss.
"This bridge has a history of over-height vehicle hits," Hersman said.
The flatbed truck that caused the collapse, operated by Mullen Trucking, of Alberta, Canada, was permitted by the Washington State Department of Transportation to carry a load with a height of 15 feet and 9 inches.
The truck driver told investigators he repeatedly measured the height of his load at 15 feet, 9 inches Hersman said. The truck was traveling southbound in the right lane when it struck the bridge, she said.
The bridge clearance was shorter on the sides than in the middle. Its lowest clearance point was 14 feet, 6 inches while the highest point was in the middle, measuring 18 feet, Hersman said.
(Editing by Daniel Trotta and Marguerita Choy)


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Lewis Boerste
Lewis Alden Boerste passed away at his home in Colville on June 20, 2012 at the age of 78. He was born on June 22, 1933, the son of Frank and Wilma (Buswell) Boerste in Ryderwood. Lewis grew up in Cougar and attended high school in Woodland. Lewis joined the United States Air Force at age 17 in 1951, and served our country in the Korean War. He retired from the Air Force after 10 years of service. On June 18, 1960, Lewis married Lea Cubbison in Woodland. A short time later, he again joined the military and served in the Vietnam War with the Navy Sea Bees. He retired from the Navy in 1972, and worked as an electrician to support his family thereafter. Lewis and his family moved to Colville in 1977. Lewis is survived by his wife, Lea Boerste, at the home; his children, Moura (Joe Roberts) Adams, La Center; Lulu (Curt) Anderson, Chewelah; Nora (Todd) Fritz, Colville; Ted Boerste, Colville; 10 grandchildren, 20 great-grandchildren; sisters, Joanne (Lyle) Bozarth, Port Angeles; Rosemary Gibson, Spokane; and many nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his father, Frank Boerste; by his mother, Wilma Buswell; siblings, Bud Boerste, Bob Boerste, Jim Boerste, Edna Boerste, Patty Cates, and Elizabeth Effinger. At Mr. Boerste's request, there will be no funeral or visitations.


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By Wesley Ratko
More than 30 people turned out to hear a presentation by the Philadelphia Streets Department Tuesday night on the proposed replacement of the bridge that carries West Willow Grove Avenue over SEPTA's Chestnut Hill West rail line. The project is scheduled to begin in 2014 and close the bridge for at least a year.
Darin Gatti, chief engineer and surveyor with the Streets department, led the presentation, the primary focus of which was the collection of resident feedback about the project in general and on three proposed architectural options for the bridge electrification barrier. The current bridge features a gun metal grey barrier and a pedestrian walkway that is raised above the road surface.
The proposed bridge would bring the walkway more level with the road surface and feature one of three possible designs for the electrification barrier: cedar board, lightweight concrete or painted steel. Renderings of each option were displayed at the meeting.
Gatti said that without any serious delays, construction won't begin until sometime in the spring, during which the bridge will be closed to traffic and pedestrians for a year. The train station will remain open. The project will cost $3.5 million.
Gatti said the design team welcomes feedback from the community about the look and design of the new bridge. The public comment period runs through November 16.
Bowman Properties president Richard Snowden referred the consultant to the Traffic Transportation and Parking Committee for ideas and information; Frank Niepold of the Chestnut Hill Historical Society offered the support of the community as well. Development Review Committee member Patricia Cove asked about the material the Streets Department intended to use for the sidewalk. Gatti said that while that has yet to be addressed, it would most likely be concrete.
"We don't have too many options," Gatti said. "We're open to suggestions."
One near neighbor asked about nighttime noise that construction will cause. Most of the work will be done during the day, but work on the SEPTA overhead wires just below the bridge can only happen at night when the trains aren't running.
"As we go through the design process with SEPTA, we may be able to take advantage of some weekend [train] outages, but there's not much we can do," Gatti said. He added that unlike the heavier equipment used in the actual construction of the bridge structure, nighttime wire work would only be a "periodic droning noise."


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I finally found time to sit down and make earrings with my new chains and goodies. I'm super excited to share them with you all soon!
I need to purchase more earring hooks! These are all I have left. I'm a fan of these petite hooks. I think straight up gunmetal black is all I'm going to purchase though, no more brass or silver.
Laying out earrings and brainstorming ideas.


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My Favorite Flirts is a feature that lets you reach your favorite Flirts easily from My Account or on 1-800-TO-FLIRT.Manage My Favorites
(0 Reviews)
My name's Sharla, and I am so excited to finally be a flirt so I can play with some sexy guys here-- and I like girls, too, so don't be shy about calling me! I want to connect with my phone lovers and find out exactly what gets you hot! If you're dreaming of a sensual girl who can give you exactly what you want, tell me all about your fantasy or, if you're shy, just give me a few hot hints.
Here are some things I really enjoy, and anything else you can suggest too I imagine!
hot sex in Every position
sucking dick and of course getting licked!
using a few toys when we want to get wild
wearing very naughty lingerie and outfits
putting on something special just for you!
roleplays, especially
messy play
If you have a special fetish and you're wondering more about what I'm into, click on my name and take a look at my other listings to find out.
If you want to play, give me a call! If I'm here, I'm horny for a sexy person like you!
I love writing naughty stories for you to get off reading! Is there something you'd like me to write for you? Or maybe you'd enjoy exchanging sexy emails... I'm into that, too!


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I am offering you a Free introductory Voice or Acting Lesson Online! No commitment required...
My lessons are in my online studio so no matter the time or place, your student can participate without leaving home! As a former Home School Mom it will be my privilege to be a part of your child's success.
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Singer/Actress of Stage/Screen offers amazing Vocal and Acting lessons in the Zoen!
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You will be trained and equipped to perform, and/or audition, using your gifts in the highest arena of your dreams.
Each of my students are uniquely gifted.
I spend time with you, listening to your gifts, helping to polish and prepare you for a lifetime of exciting use of your gifts.
Together we will bring out the unique style that drives your passion, while taking it to new heights,further equipping you to achieve your goals.
My experience in the industry will further facilitate your dreams becoming reality, whilst educating you in avoiding pitfalls.
Recognizing and uncovering your strengths is an important part of our work together.
This is the most exciting and wonderful job in the world. I absolutely love watching gifted students soar!
Vocal Teacher 21 Years
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Scholarship to the Atlantic Foundation for the Performing Arts Music Theater Major, Minor in Dance (Tap Ballet Jazz)
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The winner of last week's FGG winner is
Nicole from Ramblings by Nicole.
Thanks to all who entered!
This giveaway is now closed!
Bookplates and Labels
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For this giveaway, Lemon Tree Cards is giving one lucky winner a $25 gift voucher. So fun ~ I wish I could enter. I would have to get one of these!
1. Subscribe to or follow the Lemon Tree Cards blog. (1 entry)
2. Subscribe to or follow the Lemon Tree Kids blog. (1 entry)
3. Subscribe to Raising Itty-Bitty Bookworms. (1 entry)
*Make sure and leave a comment after this post for each entry so I can give you all the credit you deserve (and don't forget your email address too)! Winner will be announced Friday, December 11, and contacted by email. Winner has three days to contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com. After three days another winner will be drawn.*


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While finding an awesome place to camp, Clear Lake, just off that granddaddy of US highways US12, I got skunked on my pink feldspar search. I did bring home some wonderful pinkish-marroon basalt type rock however which could prove to be interesting either fritted down for a raku glaze or beefed up to fire higher. It's pretty much weathered down and ready to use as is....thanks robert
the pink feldspar sounds interesting
can you please share your kiln/s and firing methods ?
mainly gas and or woodfire ?
thanks !
ps thank you from k-chan and i ! MAHALO !
Firing? I sold my big gas car kiln to a local potter last year when I tore down my studio and now that I'm rebuilt I'm building kilns as well. Have 2 electrics, a small reduction kiln which holds 8 chawan (thank you Tsujimura Shiro for that) and am in the process of building a smallish kiln (30-40 cf) on a trailer which can be fired with gas, used motor oil, cooking oil, and perhaps wood. I like the mobility idea as it could be taken to the fuel, taken to the clay, or shared with friends at a variety of venues. The Koreans built their kilns near the fuel source while the Japanese built theirs near the clay and this one could be either.


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OAKLAND — Pandora Media's chief executive, Joseph Kennedy, will resign his post as the online music station's top boss, the company said Thursday.
Kennedy's decision to quit came on the same day the Internet radio service announced results that beat Wall Street's expectations.
Oakland-based Pandora's shares soared more than 20 percent in after-hours trading following the announcement of the financial results and the disclosure of the pending departure of Kennedy, who has completed nearly 10 years as the top boss.
During the quarter that ended Jan. 31, Pandora lost $14.6 million on revenue of $125.1 million. In the year-ago quarter, it lost $8.2 million. Revenue rose 54 percent.
The results beat Wall Streets views.
Excluding one-time items, Pandora lost 4 cents a share. Analysts had expected a loss of 5 cents and revenue of $122.8 million. Advertising revenue rose 51 percent and climbed to $109 million. Advertising from subscriptions jumped 74 percent and reached $16.1 million.
Pandora's stock soared 21 percent in after-hours trading.
"I am incredibly proud of the team and what we have accomplished in redefining radio," Kennedy said in a prepared release.
The new CEO faces plenty of challenges, said Tim Bajarin, principal analyst with Campbell-based Creative Strategies.
"This space is getting more and more competitive," Bajarin said. "There are rumors that Apple (AAPL) and Google (GOOG) may enter this space. This probably is the right time for them to find a CEO that could help them grow in the face of the increased competition."
Kennedy will stay until a successor is found.
"The challenge for Pandora is to be more innovative," Bajarin said.
Contact George Avalos at 408-373-3556 or 925-977-8477. Follow him at Twitter.com/george_avalos.


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- SpecificheConverti specifiche in sistema metricoDim. balla (L)78.74 "Dim. balla (W)55.12 "Dim. balla (H)35.43 "
- Circa la società
Paul fuli machinery manufacture Co., LTD is located in JiangYin—a beautiful city in JiangSu province, covering an area of over 20,000 square meters, the workshop area of 6,000 square meters, the processing machine and equipment sales in more than 80 sets, nearly 10 million yuan is from cutting machine, hydraulic machinery, metal packer, metal crumbs weaver press machine, waste paper packer professional manufacturers, shearing machines have strong technical force, advanced equipment and advanced production technology, with more than 1,000 sets of equipment. Our products have 10 years history, and we have accumulated rich experience in technology, performance in leading position with differential fast. Our machines are fast with a differential circuit, nearly double the speed,and they are sold throughout the world:China, Canada, Russia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Ukraine, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan and other more than 20 countries. Our company is capable of producing any non-standard hydraulic mechanism within 3000 tons by individual design. Warmly welcome new and regular customers!


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If you are not sure how to fix your equipment yourself, use the Service Locator tool below to find qualified MTD service providers in your area. Or, if you're a do-it-yourselfer, check the repair how-to's below for helpful information.
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You can use the Part Finder to help find your model and the right part for your machine.Don't know your model #? How to locate your model #?


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(Email subscribers: click the post title to view the film)
Trevor Undi has outdone himself in the fashion film genre. Sure, Chanel offers the most dazzling and copious fashion subjects, but what to do with so much history, so much detail (the details!), so much artistry? Well, you pack in as much amazingness (normally I hate that word but here it actually fits) as you can in each second of a four-and-a-half-minute film. And you set it against an orchestral score composed by Gabriel Yared. This exuberant retrospective showcases intimate behind-the-scenes footage, detailed artistry, revisits memorable campaigns, international events and spectacular archival footage from the House of Chanel.
Chanel is a brand I will probably never be able to afford (fate is nodding its head in agreement somewhere). Normally I begrudge a brand a little bit for that and reserve my gushing for something more accessible as I don't like to go all nuts over something I can never have. But Chanel is the exception; what their artisans create in their ateliers is magical, it keeps the tradition of couture craftsmanship alive and thriving, and therefore I see the house's shows and imagery as records of this exquisite legacy. (Sure beats seeing it as a giant tease?)
This rapid and rich film is bursting with so much beauty and fascinating closeups that beg for further investigation, so I went a little mental and looked at each frame of the film and captured the stills. There are so many that are worthy of a longer look that I had to create a second page. You can view the rest here
And here's the rest


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Until the mid-1980s, the only way to make many copies of DNA was to insert the DNA pieces into bacteria and select the desired one from many different colonies growing on a plate. In 1985, Kary Mullis (shown at right) invented a precise and radical new method of selecting and amplifying a section of DNA – the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The revelation came to this eccentric character on a drive in northern California.
Watch a Kary Mullis video:
Or, read more about the man behind the technique:
(These clips are also found on the DNA Interactive website under Manipulation > Techniques > Amplifying.)
There is a reason our PCR animation is our most watched ever; the polymerase chain reaction is challenging to describe in anything but a moving image. After you step through the process, check out the graph to fully grasp how quickly DNA can be amplified.
The 3-D version of PCR puts you right down in the eppendorf tube! No glasses required.
Polymerase chain reaction is a featured technique in several DNALC-developed laboratory protocols. The protocols are available online and for download on several sites: Lab Center includes laboratory pre-activity and follow-up materials including video introduction, background, educational correlations, further exploration, teacher guides, and resources; DNALC Kits has several online protocols developed in collaboration with Carolina Biological Supply Company; Genetics Origins explores use of DNA fingerprints as a starting point in the study of human evolution; and Greenomes explores plant genetics and genome research.
|Laboratory Protocol:
|Online Version(s)
|PDF Version(s)
|Using Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms in Evolutionary and Forensic Biology
|Genetic Origins
|Using an Alu Insertion Polymorphism to Study Human Populations or DNA Fingerprint: Alu
DNALC Kits
Genetic Origins
Lab Center
DNALC Kits
Lab Center
|Using a SNP to Predict Bitter Tasting Ability
|DNALC Kits
|DNALC Kits
|Detecting Genetically Modified Foods by PCR
| DNALC Kits
DNALC Kits
|Detecting a Jumping Gene in Arabidopsis
DNALC Kits
DNALC Kits
|Detecting a Transposon Tag in Corn


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Can anyone give me a pronunciation and spelling translation for 'Peace be with you' in Russian and Romanian.ThanksFather Peter
I'm more accustomed to the Russian greeting "Mir Vam!" (Meer Vahm!) (Peace to You[plural]). Believers would often call out this greeting as they stepped into a fellow believer's home.
But what would be appropriate for a Russian visitor, and I have quite a few.Church Slavonic or Russian at the giving of the peace?Father Peter
Church Slavonic. Russian is not used in worship.
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Cedars-Sinai kidney patients receive treatment by caring specialists and surgeons whose training and broad-based experience have earned them reputations that span national and international medical arenas. They are supported by world-class immunology and virology experts as well as a compassionate staff of nurses, technicians and coordinators.
Treatments for all kidney-related conditions are available to Cedars-Sinai patients, including:
- Chronic kidney disease. This develops when the kidneys no longer function fully to filter waste products and balance fluid and chemicals in the body. When 15% or more of kidney function is lost, the patient must undergo dialysis or consider kidney transplantation.
- Diabetic nephropathy. High blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can cause kidney damage.
- Acute renal failure. The kidneys may abruptly stop working from dehydration, blood loss from injury or surgery, or in reaction to certain medications.
- Viral-related kidney disease
- Kidney cancer. This includes transitional cell carcinoma (affecting the renal pelvis) and Wilms' tumor (a form of kidney cancer that attacks children).
Advanced transplant procedures include:
- Deceased-donated kidney transplant
- Living donor kidney transplant (from related or unrelated donors)
- Simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplants for Type 1 diabetics suffering from chronic renal failure
- Pancreas transplants for Type 1 diabetics who have already received a kidney transplant
- Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, minimally invasive surgery in which the living donor's kidney is removed through a small opening


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Welcome To Bicycle And Bikes!
Here's What You'll Find ...
Loads of great information to help you ... buy the best bike, choose the coolest bicycle accessories, explore the planet on a cycling tour, decide which bike brands are the best and uncover the fascinating history of the bicycle.
Your Own Bike Pages ...
Did you ride on a great bike tour? Can you review the best training stands?
Perhaps you need to promote your own bicycle store or website.Find Out How To Contribute Your Own Bikes Related Content
Bicycle Gift Ideas And Bicycle Accessories
Buying a gift for someone can be difficult - even at the best of times ...
However, if the lucky recipient of your present is interested in bicycles or cycling ... then there are actually loads of great bike gadgets, useful accessories, fabulous prints or vintage bicycle posters that you can dazzle them with ... I'd wager that there is something to satisfy even the most finicky of tastes!!
In this section of the site we have brainstormed bicycle gift and accessory ideas for you - and then taken a more in-depth and objective, look at some of the available cycling paraphernalia, like car bike racks, indoor training stands and safety lights.
Bicycle Tours
Nothing beats the sense of freedom and connection you have with the landscape - than when you travel by bicycle ... and there are so many AMAZING places to explore in the world.
Touring on a bike is the very best way to truly experience a culture, engage with local people and best of all indulge in regional cuisines - without packing on the 'usual' holiday weight.
Cycling tours can be undertaken using a 'commercial' tour operator or alternatively you can do a 'self-guided' trip - both options have Pros and Cons.
Whichever style of touring you decide to choose - one thing you will need to know is how to pack properly - so we have created a 'Bicycle Tours Packing Guide'.
This guide gives advice on all the essental stuff to take to ensure that you have the most comfortable, hassle-free and enjoyable bicycle adventure possible.
How To Buy A Bicycle - An Online Bicycle Buying Guide
Purchasing a bike online is not always easy and there is so much to consider and research!
If you are thinking of taking the plunge and buying online then read over our online bicycle buying guide.
It will make the process a whole lot easier for you, give you points to consider and just generally take the pain out of your research.
We have great advice about buying a bicycle for your kids and how to size a bike to fit you.
These pages are a great reference point when making your online bicycle purchases... whether it's a standard type like a mountain or road bike, or something more unusual like a tandem or a recumbent.
Bicycle Brands - Bicycle Manufacturers And Their Brands Of Bikes
A little confused about all the different brands of bike? ... Schwinn, Cannondale, Trek, Mongoose, Electra, Huffy, Specialized Bikes, Giant, Bianchi, Felt, Kona, Dahon, Felt, Sun, Klein ... Aaaahhhhhh!!
Would you like to know which bicycle brands are high-end, specialty or mass-produced?
Not sure about who is manufacturing which bicycle brands these days ... and where ... after all those corporate take-overs?
Or perhaps you just like to know the various histories of the different bicycle manufacturers?
Well then ... this is the bicycle section for you!
History of Bicycles - And Our Bicycle History Timeline
Are you passionate about bikes, a history buff ... or just have an wild inquisitive streak and a strong thirst for knowledge?
If you hunger to know the History of Bicycles then feast your eyes on our meaty Bicycle History Timeline! It has taken over six months of research to compile this extensive record.
If you are still not satisfied then we can super-size your demands with a filling side-serving of Who Invented The Bicycle.
Cravings just a little something extra? ... Just a taste more of our bicycle history?
Well for dessert I can offer you the fascinating personal journey of Thomas Stevens who was the first person to ride around the world on a bike - indeed a Penny Farthing - no less!


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Gen X and Gen Y have had their day, but today's teens are typically referred to as Generation Z, the "connected" generation. These teens have grown up always having immediate access to information and entertainment through computers and other electronics. This is the first generation of teens who will never know the experience of eagerly waiting for the music store to open in order to buy a newly-released album from their favorite band; they've never even known a world in which Ask.com wasn't there to answer all of their homework questions!
In this world of instant gratification, shopping for teens can be a challenge, so we've put together a guide to help you navigate the holidays with your teen.
Video games are always a hit for teens. From the best-selling Xbox and Nintendo game franchises, such as Call of Duty, Halo and Final Fantasy, to app-based games like Angry Birds, teens thrive on video games. If you want to bring a little Gen-X influence to your "connected" teens, consider introducing them to Pac-Man – a game the whole family can enjoy!
Speaking of Connected…
If your teens' wish lists do not already include a cell phone, it's only because they already have one. Most teens are thrilled with any type of gift that keeps them connected with their friends, whether it's a cell phone or an iPod (the newest generation of iPod devices come with apps that allow teens to chat with their friends).
Feed Their Passion
From aspiring drummers to social activists, your teens are beginning to develop their sense of self, and any gift demonstrating that you recognize what is important to them can make Christmas special.
Image Isn't Everything, but for Teens, It's Something
The one thing that hasn't changed for teenagers, whether or not they grew up in the 70s, 80s, 90s or today, is that they are still trying to jockey for position in the social scheme at school. Clothes and jewelry (or gift cards that let them buy things that match their own style) will always go over well.
What are your teens asking for this year? Come chat with us on Facebook about your favorite gift ideas.
Tags: Christmas 2013 for teens, christmas ideas for teens, top gifts for teens


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"Sabotage" opens with Arnold Schwarzenegger, as drug enforcement agent John "Breacher" Wharton, sitting in front of his computer screen watching a video of a woman being tortured. He's obviously disturbed by it, judging by the look on his craggy face. It's a nasty, brutish job he has.
By the time the movie was over, I shared his dismay.
After that brief, if intensely unpleasant prologue, the movie quickly gets down to its own dirty business, jumping to a scene of Breacher as he leads his team of elite commandos in a bloody assault on a drug dealer's compound. As the bodies of the bad guys pile up, the movie's apparent mantra — "Target down!" — is evoked again and again as these officers with military-grade weapons move through the house, shouting terse instructions to each other and recording kills with a regularity that's almost fetishistic. Although the violence ebbs and flows, it never stops. If anything, the waves of mayhem pound harder and with greater frequency as the movie wears on, building to a conclusion that's harrowing, even by the gruesome standards of today's action thrillers.
That's to be expected in a film by David Ayer, the writer of "Training Day" (2001) and the writer-director of "End of Watch" (2012). Both of those films presented a vision of law enforcement that was more savage than noble. Unlike them, however, "Sabotage" lacks any degree of artistic perspective on the barbarity. Despite the filmmaking polish that casts a sheen over all of Ayer's films, making them easy to watch if hard to stomach, "Sabotage" is less tragic than simply tawdry.
The plot centers on the investigation of a series of assassinations targeting the members of Breacher's team that begin shortly after that initial drug operation. (It can't be called a "bust," because there is no one left alive to arrest.) One by one, the members of Breacher's squad start turning up dead, the victims of murders as grisly as they are theatrical. One is found nailed to the ceiling of his house, his entrails spilling out of his gutted abdomen like a chandelier. Apparently, someone is upset about the fact that Breacher and his team tried to help themselves to a little bit of the loot they recovered at the scene.
Like most of Ayer's heroes, the "good guys" are all flawed to varying degrees. One, played by Mireille Enos, is even a junkie. The rest are pretty much the kind of profane, sexist pigs who would make an NFL locker room look like a Boy Scout meeting. Ayer, I have no doubt, would argue that this frank portrayal honestly reflects the rough-and-tumble culture of steam-blowing machismo that permeates the high-stress world of SWAT teams. While that might be true, it ain't pretty.
Frankly, it shouldn't be. But Ayer's earlier police films also possessed a kind of smart self-awareness, making statements that acknowledged both the convictions and the compromises that enable some officers to carry out their jobs. "Sabotage" seems less interested in using violence to make a point than to make entertainment. Certain scenes — focusing almost pornographically on butchered body parts and, as the film progresses, the increasing toll of collateral damage — are laughably intemperate. One car chase features a shot of the smashed skull of an innocent bicyclist who is hit by fleeing perps. Laughter isn't the intended reaction, but it's a form of emotional self-preservation.
Schwarzenegger is Schwarzenegger, albeit in a role that's considerably darker than many he has taken. Much better and more nuanced is Olivia Williams, playing the detective looking into the string of murders. She, too, is ethically compromised, if only mildly. Harold Perrineau injects a bit of much-needed comic relief as her sidekick. As for the actors portraying the members of the special-ops team, they are largely relegated to the role of generic victim, with the notable exceptions of Terrence Howard and Sam Worthington. Worthington comes closest to being the film's moral center, and I hate to tell you what happens to him.
That brings up the question of whether "Sabotage" even has a moral center (let alone wants one). As Breacher's team starts to fall apart in suspicion and infighting, the movie breaks down, too, becoming not so much curious about how principles get corrupted as titillated by that corruption, which spreads like a pool of blood on the pavement under a bullet-ridden corpse.
This is a story that needs blood to make an impact because its message is murky. With a motivation that feels disturbingly similar to that of the guy who made the torture video that opens the film, "Sabotage" doesn't exactly glorify violence, but it certainly does get off on it.
One and a half stars. R. Contains violence, gore, obscenity, sexual dialogue and nudity. 110 minutes.