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(Title 8, California Code of Regulations, Chapter 3.2, Subchapter 2)
Subject Matter of Proposed Regulation: Adjudicative Hearing Procedures
Sections Affected: Add Article 1.5 to Subchapter 2 of Chapter 3.2 of Title 8.
Problem Addressed: Pursuant to Labor Code sections 60.5 and 6308, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health ("the Division") of the Department of Industrial Relations is charged with the administration and enforcement of the provisions of the California Occupational Safety and Health Act, commencing with Labor Code section 6300, as well as other provisions of law impacting upon the health and safety of employees in the State of California.
In furtherance of this mission, current law authorizes the Division to issue various permits, licenses, certifications, registrations and other authorizations (referred to generically herein as "Permits"). For example, contractors who perform certain asbestos-related work must be registered with the Division's Asbestos Contractors Registration Unit. The Division also ensures the safe erecting, climbing, dismantling and operating of tower cranes through its tower crane permit program. The Division may also require certification of individuals, as in the case of persons who desire to test certain crane and derrick operations. In addition to issuing Permits, the Division may also prohibit certain unsafe operations through issuance of Orders Prohibiting Use ("OPUs").
Just as the Division may issue Permits, so it also has the authority to deny, restrict or revoke them. Though an employer may appeal all such actions, there are currently no codified general procedures that govern all such appeals.
Specific Purpose of Adoption/Factual Basis: Proposed Article 1.5 will establish uniform general procedures for employers to appeal a Division order denying, suspending, or revoking a Permit. The proposed article will also govern appeals from OPUs. The purpose of the rulemaking will be to codify necessary procedural due process protections.
340.40. Scope and Application.
Section 340.40 sets forth the scope and application of the Proposed Regulations. It states that the Proposed Regulations are applicable to any proceeding involving the denial, suspension, or revocation of a Permit. The procedures set forth in the Proposed Regulations would also apply to proceedings involving OPUs. The Proposed Regulations apply to the denial, suspension or revocation of a permit for which there are no specific adjudicative procedures. Although the Proposed Regulations may supplement other codified procedures for administrative appeals, they will not replace other existing appeal procedures codified in Title 8.
340.41. Notification of Division Proceedings.
Section 340.41 will require the Division to notify the holder of a Permit, in writing, when it has determined that good cause exists to suspend or revoke the Permit. The Division will also furnish written notification of its denial of a Permit. The written notice must state the statute or regulation authorizing, as well as a statement of the ground(s) for, the Division's action.
340.42. Request for Hearing.
If an employer desires to contest the Division's denial, suspension or revocation of a Permit, or the issuance of an OPU, the employer must submit a request for hearing within five days of the Division's action. All requests for hearing must be written, and must set forth the grounds for appeal. Appeals for the issuance of OPUs shall be mailed or delivered to the District Manager of the District Office from which the OPU was issued. Appeals for the denial, suspension or revocation of a Permit shall be mailed or delivered to the Director.
Upon receipt of a request for an appeal hearing, the Director shall designate a presiding officer from among specified individuals to hear the appeal, and shall inform the appellant of the date time and location of the appeal proceedings. The presiding office may change the date, time or location of a hearing unilaterally or upon the motion of any party. A hearing for the denial, suspension, or revocation of a Permit shall be heard not less than 48 hours after the Division's receipt of an appeal. By statute, a hearing regarding the issuance of an OPU shall be heard within 24 hours.
The Proposed Regulations require the appellant to notify its employees of date, time and location, and must also inform them of the subject matter of the appeal. The employer must accomplish this notification by posting the Division's notice, or by providing some other written notice.
The Division may serve the Notice either personally or by certified mail.
The Division must make a copy of the Proposed Regulations available prior to the date of the appeal proceedings, and must advise whether the proceedings are subject to Chapter 5 of the Government Code.
340.43. Conduct of Hearing.
Section 340.43 describes the manner in which the presiding officer shall conduct the hearing. Consistent with constitutional due process guarantees, an appellant has the right to present evidence before a neutral presiding officer appointed by the Director. Section 340.43 also allows an appellant to appear through an attorney or any other representative. In order to create an accurate record, the appeal proceedings must be tape recorded or memorialized in some other manner agreed-upon by the parties.
Similar to other statutory and regulatory schemes for administrative procedure, Section 340.43 requires the hearing office to issue a decision within 30 days after submission of the matter at the close of hearing. However, in order to prevent undue interruption of an appellant's operations, decisions regarding OPUs are due as soon as possible after the conclusion of a hearing.
The Proposed Regulations also govern the type of evidence that will be admitted at hearing. The Proposed Regulations would allow the parties to present relevant documentary or other evidence through direct and cross examination. A party may also present rebuttal evidence. The presiding officer may also examine witnesses at the hearing. Hearsay evidence would be admissible, but could not be the factual basis for a decision.
Pursuant to the Proposed Regulations, the administrative hearings would be open to the public. However, to ensure that the testimony at hearing is not tainted, the Presiding Officer may, upon motion, exclude witnesses from the hearing room. However, each party may designate one representative to remain in the hearing room, even if that representative will also testify as a witness.
340.44. Grounds for Disqualification of Presiding Officer.
To ensure a fair hearing, Section 340.44 allows any party to petition the Director for disqualification of an appointed presiding officer. Such a request shall be based on grounds set forth in specified sections of the Government Code.
340.45. Service of Process.
Section 340.45 governs the service of process for adjudicative procedures held pursuant to the Proposed Regulations. It provides for service by personal delivery or by first class mail. Service by facsimile is also permissible under the Proposed Regulations, subject to enumerated conditions intended to ensure that notice is actually received by the parties. Service is complete under the Proposed Regulations at the time of the personal delivery or mailing.
Proof of service must be filed with the document served, and may be made by affidavit or declaration, written and endorsed statement, or a letter of transmittal.
Facsimile machines may be used to file and serve documents as long as the length of the document is no more than 12 pages, the facsimile includes a cover sheet indicating the number of pages faxed, all parties are served either by facsimile or overnight mail, and the faxing party follows the facsimile up with an original of the document. A facsimile shall be considered received on the following workday if facsimile transmission begins after 5:00 p.m.
340.46. Discovery.
To further the goal of discerning the truth, Section 340.46 grants parties limited discovery rights. Among other things, each party to an adjudicative hearing is entitled to request the names of potential witnesses to the extent known by another party, and to inspect and make copies of writings or other evidence another party proposes to offer into evidence, including the Division's investigative reports. Consistent with the Labor Code, Section 340.46 does not require the Division to disclose the name of a complainant through discovery.
To ensure that each party receives the information necessary to present its case on appeal, the presiding officer has the authority to order timely completion of discovery, or to continue the appeal hearing to allow for completion of discovery.
340.47. Subpoenas and Subpoenas Duces Tecum.
Section 340.47 authorizes the presiding officer to issue subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum to order the appearance of witnesses or the production of documents or things. Such authority may be necessary in many cases to ensure that the parties have the ability to compel the production of witnesses and information necessary to support their positions. To preclude unnecessary inconvenience to witnesses, a party applying for a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum must show good cause for the attendance of the witness or production of the documents or things. For the same reason, Section 340.47 also requires that all non-party witnesses be entitled to witness fees and mileage to compensate for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the appeal hearing. Parties who subpoena a peace officer must comply with Government Code section 68097.2.
340.48. Official Notice.
Pursuant to Section 340.48, the presiding officer would be authorized to take official notice of certain generally-accepted facts, theories, and technical and scientific matters within the field of occupational safety and health. The presiding officer may also take official notice of determinations, rulings, orders, findings and decisions of the Division or Standards Board. The purpose of official notice is to streamline the appeal process by allowing the presiding officer to make limited findings without the necessity of hearing evidence. Each party to a hearing must be given reasonable opportunity on request to present information relevant to the propriety of taking official notice and the tenor of the matter to be noticed.
340.49. Confidential Evidence.
Section 340.49 would require the presiding officer to consider confidential, and issue all necessary orders to protect, any hearing exhibit which might reveal a trade secret. Among other things, this section would apply to photographs taken by the Division in the course of any inspection or investigation, consistent with Labor Code section 6314. The Presiding Officer must issue necessary orders to protect such information.
340.50. Prehearing Motions.
Section 340.50 would allow a party to make pre-hearing motions to the presiding officer to dispose of certain issues prior to hearing. Such motions must be in writing, and may include motions for continuance, for clarification of issues relating to discovery and other matters important to the conduct of the hearing. Pre-hearing motions may not be made later than 24 hours prior to the commencement of the hearing.
340.51. Interpreters.
Section 340.51 would require that all hearings be conducted in English. Accordingly, to afford parties who are not English-proficient a fair hearing, the Division must notify each party of its right to an interpreter at the time it sends notice of the date and time for hearing. Parties who desire an interpreter must request such services at the time they submit an appeal. The party requesting the interpreter must pay the interpreter's fees, unless the Division elects to pay the fees based on a party's financial status. The Occupational Safety and Health Appeals Board must approve any interpreter used.
Specific Technology or Equipment: This proposal will not mandate the use of specific technologies or equipment.
Identified Alternatives that Would Lessen Adverse Impact on Small Businesses: No alternatives would lessen economic impact. No adverse impact on small businesses is anticipated from the implementation of the proposed regulation. Therefore, no alternatives which would lessen the impact on small businesses have been identified.
Underlying Data: None.
Business Impact: This regulation will not have a significant adverse economic impact on businesses. The goal of the Proposed Regulations is to ensure due process for California employers. However, the Proposed Regulations merely codify mostly-pre-existing procedures. Moreover, any effect on businesses, large or small, should be beneficial, since the Proposed Regulations will provide due-process protections.
ISR-Adjudicative Regs


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It's that time again. The time when South Carolina taxpayers can see just how much money the "strapped" SC State Department of Education has paid out to education contractors and consultants during a recession.
This month, almost $400,000 was doled out to a variety of consultants, contractors and political advisers. Unfortunately, those aren't the only people who got paid big bucks. Teachers may be on furlough, or without work, but SCASA managed to somehow squeeze $29,000 from taxpayers. Were some of these other payments made to folks who had booths set up at the recent SCASA oceanside retreat? Rex's frequent excuse that contractors are brought in to "save the department money" certainly doesn't hold water in this instance.
Here is a recap of consultant spending in 2009.
- January-$296,526
- February-$358,398
- March-$366,996
- April-$397,876
- May-$333,791
- June-$391,469
- Year to Date– $2,145,056
Here is a complete list of contractors and consultants who received checks from the Department of Education in June 2009. See it for yourself here.

subset: commoncrawl


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O.C. & A.G. - 2 For The Money
New single from D.I.T.C. members OC & AG from the new album "OASIS - Together Brothers". Coming soon. Produced by Showbiz featuring DJ Premier on the cuts and scratches.
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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31 May 2012 - In Canada, an estimated 83% of new HIV infections in 2008 occurred through
sexual transmission, either among men who have sex with men (47%) or heterosexual men and women (36%).
Among both groups a large number of these sexual HIV transmissions likely took place in the context
of intimate relationships.
However, HIV prevention efforts in Canada focus mostly on changing the behaviour of an individual and often
neglect the critical role partners may play in HIV transmission. Neglecting partners in HIV testing and
counselling may be a missed opportunity for HIV prevention and treatment in Canada.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released "Guidance on Couples HIV Testing and Counselling,"
which outlines the important role of HIV testing and counselling for couples in HIV prevention, treatment
and care.
The guidelines encourage countries to increase the offering of HIV testing and counselling to couples in
addition to support for mutual disclosure of HIV status. In the guidelines, the WHO also recommends
offering antiretroviral treatment to serodiscordant couples (in which one partner is HIV-positive
and the other is HIV-negative) regardless of CD4 count in order to prevent HIV transmission.
Benefits of couples testing and counselling
The guidelines outline several potential benefits of offering HIV testing and counselling, along with
support for mutual disclosure of HIV status, to couples. Many of these benefits are relevant to all
couples, including those in which both partners are HIV-negative or both are HIV-positive.
Prevention of HIV transmission within couples and to external partners
In Canada, many people are unaware of their partner's, or their own, HIV status and therefore may
unknowingly be at risk of becoming infected with HIV or transmitting HIV to their partner(s).
Research shows that when people become aware of their HIV infection, most take measures to reduce their
risk of transmitting HIV to others. Furthermore, studies suggest couples who test and learn their status
together are more likely to adopt preventive measures than those who test alone.
Couples HIV testing and counselling allows individuals to learn of their own status, and the status of
their partner, and make decisions to prevent transmission together. In this context, counsellors can
tailor prevention messages based on the couple's test results.
Increased uptake and adherence to antiretroviral therapy
A benefit of couples learning their test results together is that they can support each other, if one or
both partners are HIV-positive, to access and adhere to ART for their own health and to prevent
transmitting HIV to their partner or infant.
Also, the HIV-negative partner in a serodiscordant relationship may be able to protect themselves from HIV
infection by taking antiretrovirals. This strategy is known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Safer contraception and conception
Couples testing and counselling can help partners make informed decisions together with regards to
reproductive health and family planning, including contraception and conception. Antiretroviral
therapy or PrEP may be options to prevent HIV transmission when attempting to conceive.
Increased relationship cohesion and normalization of HIV status; decreased intimate partner violence and stigma
Testing and counselling for couples, with support for disclosure, may help couples come to terms with their
partner's HIV status in a way that strengthens their relationship and can prevent stigma and violence. A
counsellor can play an important role in creating a safe environment that can help ease tension and
diffuse blame.
Recommendations on the use of antiretroviral treatment for HIV prevention
Over the past decade, evidence has been accumulating that shows antiretroviral treatment can reduce the
risk that a person living with HIV transmits the virus to others. Last year, an important randomized
controlled study known as HPTN 052 found that when HIV-positive partners in heterosexual
serodiscordant relationships started ART early (with a CD4 count between
350 and 500 CD4 cells), HIV transmission was reduced by 96%.
Based on this study, and others, the WHO made two recommendations on the use of antiretroviral therapy to
prevent HIV transmission between serodiscordant couples:
Currently, the WHO treatment guidelines do not recommend that people start ART for their own health if they
have a CD4 count greater than 350 CD4 cells. However, in contrast to the WHO treatment guidelines,
guidelines in high income countries generally recommend people living with HIV start treatment
when their CD4 count falls below 500 cells. These recommendations are based on observational
studies, which suggest that earlier treatment may improve the health of people living with
HIV. Recently the US Department of Health and Human Services changed its guidelines to
recommend treatment for all HIV-positive people who are ready to start regardless of their CD4 count.
The WHO guidelines on couples HIV testing and counselling emphasize that counsellors must ensure that
HIV-positive individuals who are offered earlier treatment fully understand the purpose of this option
and make an informed choice to start treatment. A number of factors must be taken into consideration
when making the decision to start treatment earlier, such as the potential for side effects, the
commitment to lifelong adherence, and the possibility of drug resistance developing due to
poor adherence.
Counsellors must also ensure that couples are aware of other options for preventing HIV transmission,
such as the consistent and correct use of male or female condoms. The following key messages with
regards to condoms and antiretroviral therapy for prevention are outlined in the guidelines:
The WHO guidelines acknowledge that there is a lack of evidence with regards to how much ART reduces the risk of HIV transmission
among populations other than heterosexual couples, such as gay couples and people who use injection drugs. However, the guidelines
state that an "international scientific consensus is emerging that ART significantly reduces the risk of sexual HIV transmission
of HIV regardless of the population or setting."
Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission among serodiscordant couples
In the past year several randomized controlled trials have found that HIV-negative individuals who take specific antiretroviral pills
as pre-exposure prophylaxis are at reduced risk of HIV infection. The WHO is currently reviewing this evidence and plans to publish
"rapid advice" on PrEP for heterosexual serodiscordant couples later this year. More detailed guidance will follow this advice.
Couples HIV testing and counselling provides an important opportunity to strengthen our HIV prevention
efforts and should be offered in places in Canada where HIV testing is being done. Supporting linkages
from HIV testing and counselling to appropriate treatment, care and support services will be important
to fully realize the potential benefits of this couple-based intervention.
-James Wilton
The Positive Side : Treatment benefits for all?
TreatmentUpdate: HPTN 052 - the trial that changed everything
CATIE-News is written by Sean Hosein, with the collaboration of other
members of the Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange, in Toronto.
From Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE). For more information visit CATIE's Information Network
at http://www.catie.ca
Source: CATIE: CANADIAN AIDS TREATMENT INFORMATION EXCHANGE
...positive attitudes are not simply 'moods'
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A positive and uplifting electronica Logo Ident that starts off really fast like a big rush of adrenaline and then slows down to a peaceful rest. It gives off a nice positive mystical and futuristic sound that is perfect for Openers, Company Logo and Idents, corporate videos, flash intros, short animations and artistic and dramatic visuals. If you need something that bursts forth with energy but quickly slows down, this might be the right track for you.
For any questions on anything to do with this track or editing – feel free to e-mail me directly. Videohive authors – feel free to use the video preview in any of your videos.


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STAR: The Unfolding Story 2001-2011
9/11 Commemorative Edition
One of the ways the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP) at Eastern Mennonite University (EMU) has chosen to remember 9/11 is to tell the story of STAR: Strategies for Trauma Awareness and Resilience. The healing ripples of this training program, born from the ashes of 9/11, are also reaching around the world. STAR alumni have shared what they learned wherever they live. STARtrainings continue at EMU, throughout the US and beyond our borders. That story is told in STAR: The Unfolding Story, 2001-'11.
To download the e-book, please enter your name and e-mail address…
You will be added to our STAR mailing list, and given a link to download the e-book once the subscription process is complete.
Hard copies are available for $5 plus shipping. Email email@example.com for details.
More stories and resources…
- Sharing an anniversary with 9/11: Carolyn Yoder reflects on 10 years of STAR
- Beyond September 11th – Reflecting on the events and the legacy of 9/11
- STAR on Peacebuilder Online – Blog posts and articles related to the STAR program
- Follow STAR on Facebook


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How to Cluster RMS for SP1
Hi all – I am nearly complete with updating the How To Cluster the RMS for SP1 procedures as they will appear in the Deployment Guide. Here they are, minus a screen shot. These procedures will work for the RTM version as well, although you will need to skip some SP1 specific steps (like the… Read more
- Tags: Deployment, Documentation, Setup


text: Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III, also known as Noynoy Aquino or PNoy, is a Filipino politician who has been the 15th President of the Philippines since June 2010. Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather, Servillano "Mianong" Aquino, served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress; his grandfather, Benigno Aquino, Sr., served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1943 to 1944; and his parents were President Corazon Aquino and Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the Liberal Party. In the Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President for Luzon. Aquino is the Chairman of the Liberal Party. Born in Manila, Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts Major in Economics from Ateneo de Manila University in 1981 and joined his family in their exile in the United States shortly thereafter. He returned to the Philippines in 1983 shortly after the assassination of his father and held several positions working in the private sector. In 1998, he was elected to the House of Representatives as Representative of the 2nd district of Tarlac province. He was subsequently re-elected to the House in 2001 and 2004. In 2007, having been barred from running for re-election to the House due to term limits, he was elected to the Senate in the 14th Congress of the Philippines.


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JustCallMeStupid wrote:I really like the map. I love the 1 unit bonus with the plane and the partial hold idea for continent bonuses. There is nothing grossly wrong with the map and i have only played on it 1 so far. However, just from this one time, it seems to me that given that a neutral starts on the bombard territory, it will never actually get used. Few people use the bombard as it is and having to kill 3 neutrals just to neutralize a territory. I just dont think it will ever really enhance the game play considering 99.9 % of games probably wont use it.
I just hink it would enhance the game more if it started as a regular territory and not neutral. Later
Right, I've seen it used a couple of times, but not as often as I'd like. Thing is, if I pulled it as a neutral there'd be 37 territories to start with, so in any size game there will be one random territory starting neutral. If there's going ot be a neutral I'd rather see it start in Russia than in one of the other sectors where it would potentially give somebody an easy shield to hold the bonus.
As for the color comment...


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Sorry the projects have been slim lately. We promise to post more regularly.
We are still getting into the swing of things of owning and operating
a shop. In case some of you missed it,
Emily and I just opened a consignment store with a friend.
Read more about it HERE.
This was a custom project for a friend. I had intended on using a low profile dresser for her,
but once I got started... the drawers were not in good enough shape for alot of use.
So I used the low one for a project at our store. (Absolute Vintage Boutique).
This higher dresser was in terrific shape. The man I bought it from said
he has had it since he was 5. He was in his 50's. I love the stripe down the front
and we decided to work that into the design. I also painted the legs black.
I sanded and primed.
I then painted it black and then dry brushed on the silver.
Its the same paint I used HERE.
I then painted in the stripe down the center.


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6.2 x 1.45 x 1.8m Fibreglass Scaffold Tower
|Weekly rate (minimum hire period)
|Same Day Return
|+ Day
Product details
Glass Reinforced Polymer (GRP) is ideal for use when requiring access whilst installing or repairing electrical equipment, or overhead cabling. It is also suitable in clean environments. The tower has a integral ladder system and is clean and comfortable to handle.
Tower is non-corrosive.
- Dimensions 6.2 x 1.45 x 1.8 metres (H x W x L) working height 7.2 metres.
- Variable heights available please ask for details and availability
Please note
- PASMA training required for all comercial use
- Formal qualifications are not required for domestic use
- Available from selected branches only
- Equipment is delivered roadside
All prices are in GBP and exclude VAT and Damage Waiver
Hire periods explained
- Same day return - The item must be returned before we close at 17.00 hours on the same business day.
- + Day - This is the rate for an Additional Day of hire.
- Weekend - The weekend rate covers Friday 12pm to Monday 12pm.
- Weekly - The maximum rate for each 7 day period.
- Items are available for longer term hire. Please enquire.
Ratings and Reviews
Be the first to review this item.


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101 guide to beating the winter blues
If it's a cold winters day and you feel yourself coming down with a case of the winter blues, there is no need to fear because we have some great ways for you to start enjoying winter rather than dreading it.
Local area events
Follow your areas Facebook page if they have one, or get onto the councils website and check out what events they have on. Whether it's a food and wine festival or dogs at the park event there is always bound to be something on in your local area or at least close by. It's a great way to get out of the house and enjoy some time in the fresh air doing something you may not always do.
Include information about relevant events happening in centre
Treat yourself
Show a bit of self-love and spoil yourself with a facial, massage or anything that you don't normally do for yourself. It will help you to get out of the house and you will leave feeling refreshed and revitalised. Even if it's an art or cooking class, there is no time like the present to start doing the things you have always wanted to try.
Feature beauty and wellness retailers- include retailer name, description, and location
Plan a dinner party
Don't love leaving the warmth of your comfy home during winter but still want to spend the night with your friends? Not a problem, just invite them over for a dinner party. No need for an occasion, just make your own and enjoy the night without stepping a foot outside. Go all out with a theme to set the tone for the night or go for a more simple and relaxed setting, a great way to catch up with everyone.
Feature fresh food and party supply retailers- include retailer name, description, and location
At home entertainment
If you have the day off but don't want to face the cold, it's time to make your own fun at home. Here are 5 ideas to help turn your miserable cold day inside into one of the best:
- Start a board game or video game tournament
- Grab the blankets and pillows and have a movie marathon or start a new TV or podcast series
- Play card games
- Try to finish a ridiculously big puzzle
- Get cooking! Even hold a mini cooking competition.
Learn a new hobby
If you find yourself spending a lot of time indoors when it's cold, use it as an opportunity to learn a new hobby or develop an existing skill. Open that cookbook that you always wanted to try, learn a new craft or even set yourself a goal to read books more often. There is only so much time you can spend snuggled up in your blankets, so make the most of your time.
Feature relevant retailers- include retailer name, description, and location e.g. Hobbyco, Kmart


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Debt Issuance SummaryThe Treasurer serves as issuing authority for various general obligation, revenue, and special obligations of the state. The Office of Debt Management acts on behalf of the Treasurer to facilitate each debt issuance. Additionally, Debt Management performs certain duties on behalf of the Treasurer of State for the Ohio Public Facilities Commission (OPFC).The office works closely with financing team participants, the Treasurer's financial advisor, and the Office of Budget and Management to facilitate all aspects of debt issuance, refunding analysis, and proposal review. General Obligation DebtGeneral obligation bonds are secured by the full faith and credit and general taxing power of the governmental issuer. The Treasurer's office currently issues general obligation debt for Highway Capital Improvements.Revenue and Special Obligation DebtState special obligation debt, the owners or holders of which are not given the right to have excises or taxes pledged to the payment of debt service, is authorized for specified purposes by Section 2i of Article VIII of the Ohio Constitution. Debt service payments are subject to biennial appropriations made in the State's operating budget under leases or agreements entered into by the state. The Treasurer of State is the only current issuer of the state's special obligation lease-rental bonds.
Conduit Financing ProgramsThe Treasurer of State currently serves as issuer to the Ohio Enterprise Bond Fund and to the State Infrastructure Bond Fund, for which no state credit is pledged.


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Find us on:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a leader in nationwide efforts to ease the burden of cancer. Through the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC), CDC works with national cancer organizations, state health agencies, and other key groups to develop, implement, and promote effective strategies for preventing and controlling cancer. CDC provides funding and assistance to help states, tribes/tribal organizations, and territories collect data on cancer incidence and deaths, cancer risk factors, and the use of cancer screening tests. Public health professionals use the data to identify and track cancer trends, strengthen cancer prevention and control activities, and prioritize the use of resources. CDC develops communication campaigns and materials designed to teach health professionals, policy makers, the media, and the public about cancer prevention and control.
Review Date: Wednesday, July 13, 2011
List reviewed web resources
CDC's National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) plans, directs, and coordinates a national program to maintain and improve the health of the American people by promoting a healthy environment and by preventing premature death and avoidable illness and disability caused by non-infectious, non-occupational environmental and related factors. NCEH is committed to safeguarding the health of populations that are particularly vulnerable to certain environmental hazards - children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
Review Date: Tuesday, August 09, 2011
The mission of the NIEHS is to reduce the burden of human illness and disability by understanding how the environment influences the development and progression of human disease. To have the greatestimpact on preventing disease and improving human health, the NIEHS focuses on basic science, disease-oriented research, global environmental health, and multidisciplinary training for researchers. The NIEHS achieves its mission through: Extramural research and training, funded by grants and contracts, to scientists, environmental health professionals, and other groups worldwide, Intramural research conducted by scientists at the NIEHS facility and in partnership with scientists at universities and hospitals, Toxicological testing and test validation by the National Toxicology Program, and Outreach and communications programs that provide reliable health information to the
public and scientific resources to researchers.
Review Date: Tuesday, July 12, 2011
The Office of Women's Health works to promote and protect the health, safety and quality of life of women at every stage of life.
Review Date: Wednesday, February 16, 2011
AMC Cancer Research Center & Foundation is a not-for-profit research institute dedicated to the prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. AMC conducts important cancer research in the areas of causation and prevention, nutrition in the prevention of disease, health communications, behavioral research, and community studies.
Review Date: Wednesday, January 07, 2009
The American Cancer Society (ACS) was originally established as the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913, and became the ACS in 1945. ACS is the voluntary organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem. It conducts and supports programs of research, education, and service to the cancer patient. The Society's immediate goal of saving more lives is served through educating the public about prevention and early detection of cancer, the importance of prompt treatment, and the possibilities of cure, through educating the medical profession to the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and through direct service to the cancer patient and the patient's family. Public education activities include a toll-free cancer information services publication of a variety of pamphlets, educational programs conducted in schools and communities, and presentation of materials in the mass media. The Society has a comprehensive professional education program designed to motivate physicians, dentists, and nurses to use the best cancer management techniques. The Society conducts service and rehabilitation programs for cancer patients and their families. ACS supports cancer research through several types of research grants and disseminates the research results. ACS has 17 divisions as well as over 3400 local units.
Review Date: Thursday, June 25, 2009
Breastcancer.org is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing the most reliable, complete, and up-to-date information about breast cancer. The organization's mission is to help women and their loved ones make sense of the complex medical and personal information about breast cancer, so they can make the best decisions for their lives.
Review Date: Thursday, July 26, 2012
The mission of the Federation of Chinese American and Chinese Canadian Medical Societies is to foster communication and association of medical societies and health care professionals sharing a common goal of enhancing the health of Chinese in North America and facilitating the professional development of its members.
Review Date: Monday, December 08, 2008
FORCE was founded on the principle that no one should have to face hereditary breast and ovarian cancer alone. FORCE is a national non-profit dedicated to improving the lives of individuals and families affected by hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
Review Date: Wednesday, October 14, 2015
The mission of the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (GCF) is to ensure public awareness of gynecologic cancer prevention, early diagnosis and proper treatment as well as supports research and training related to gynecologic cancers. GCF advances this mission by increasing public and private funds that aid in the development and implementation of programs to meet these goals.
All members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) are members of the Gynecologic Cancer Foundation (GCF). They are financially separate although they jointly fund some projects. The SGO works primarily with physicians and other health professionals, whereas the GCF's efforts are directed toward the public. They are viewed as complementary organizations.
Review Date: Monday, May 04, 2009
Living Beyond Breast Cancer (LBBC) is dedicated to assisting you, whether you are newly diagnosed, in treatment, recently completed treatment, are years beyond or are living with metastatic breast cancer. We are also here for your family members, caregivers, friends and healthcare providers to provide breast cancer information and support.
As a national education and support organization, our goal is to improve your quality of life and help you take an active role in your ongoing recovery or management of the disease, regardless of educational background, social support or financial means.
Review Date: Friday, December 31, 2010
The primary mission of Lynch Syndrome International (LSI) is to serve our global communities by focusing on providing support for individuals afflicted with Lynch syndrome, creating public awareness of the syndrome, educating members of the general public and health care professionals and providing support for Lynch syndrome research endeavors. LSI, an all volunteer organization, is founded and governed by Lynch syndrome survivors, their families, and health care professionals who specialize in Lynch syndrome. If diagnosed early, Lynch syndrome survivors may have favorable outcomes which enhance survival, the longevity and quality of life as well as the emotional well-being of the afflicted.
Review Date: Thursday, September 20, 2012
The National Breast Cancer Foundation's mission is to save lives through early detection and to provide mammograms for those in need. This non-profit, charitable organization increases awareness through education, providing diagnostic breast care services for those in need, and providing nurturing support services. The foundation also supports cancer research, primarily through a relationship with The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and research programs at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio.
Review Date: Wednesday, June 01, 2011
The National Consortium of Breast Centers, Inc. (NCBC) is a non-profit membership organization whose mission and purpose is to promote excellence in breast health care for the general public through a network of diverse professionals dedicated to the active exchange of ideas and resources. NCBC's focus is on the development, implementation and expansion of breast center programs to allow professionals to be informed of the most up-to-date breast care techniques and options available to their patients. With the addition of private sector businesses and corporations as part of the membership, breast health professionals are also kept informed about advances in equipment, technology, drugs and services available to them to improve patient care. Through monthly newsletters, an annual conference and networking throughout the year, NCBC members are kept apprised of the continually changing breast health care environment.
Review Date: Monday, August 29, 2011
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI is the Federal Government's principal agency for cancer research and training. It coordinates the National Cancer Program, which conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, rehabilitation from cancer, and the continuing care of cancer patients and the families of cancer patients.
Review Date: Wednesday, August 03, 2011
The Susan G. Komen for the Cure was established in 1982 by Nancy Brinker to honor the memory of her sister, Susan G. Komen, who died of breast cancer at the age of 36. Today, the Foundation has more than 75,000 volunteers working through a network of U.S. and international Affiliates and events like the Komen Race for the Cure to save lives and end breast cancer by empowering people, ensuring quality care for all and energizing science to find the cures. Since its inception, the Komen Foundation, with its Affiliate Network had raised $600 million for the fight against breast cancer.
Review Date: Tuesday, October 06, 2015
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stumc needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 158 designs submitted by 45 freelance designers.
Loungevue or Loungevue.com
Loungevue.com is a new web based service that allows people to view live video streams of their favorite bar/lounge/restaurant before they go. Using network ready camera's at each establishment, our portal will allow for potential customers to quickly view a live video stream of the location, along with other promotional information such as drink specials, special events and other information provided by the establishment.
The service will be offered through a web-based portal, and, through mobile applications for iPhone and Blackberry type devices.
Anybody who has ever wondered where to go for a few drinks or a bite to eat.
The "Loungevue" logo will be used for our web portal, mobile applications and branding on the camera's. The only requirement is to be able to scale the size of the logo for different uses. I would like to have one version with a transparent background. You can either use "Loungevue" or "Loungevue.com" as the logo name.
The color and style of the logo is up to you.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Grey C5 envelopes
Bureau Direct for grey C5 coloured envelopes
We offer a huge choice of high quality grey coloured envelopes in a range of popular and unusual envelope sizes. Highly recommended is the green from the Opera colour stock range - 120gsm quality at a fantastic price. The Artoz range is a good alternative for special occasions or more unusual sizes.
There are no products matching the selection.


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Students can request that a computer and scanner, in the open computer labs at SVSU, be equipped with OCR software. This software allows students to scan in syllabi or chapters from books. The text can be saved on the students M-drive or a Jump drive. If the student chooses to listen to the materials in the lab, they are responsible for bringing their own headphones. Headsets with longer cords are recommended. The request is good fr the entire semester.
This screen reading software can be loaded on any classroom computer for a student who is legally blind.
An FM unit can be checked out from the circulation desk in the library on a daily basis.
This software can be loaded on any classroom computer for students with low vision.
This software program is available in Disability Services for students with dyslexia. Students should schedule a time to use.
These screen reading software programs are available in Disability Services for any student to use. These programs also convert text to audio files. Students should schedule a time to use.
Students who are blind may have tests, syllabi, and short documents embossed on campus. Textbooks and larger documents are sent off campus.
A screen reader, Natural Reader, is available in the alternative testing room for students who are eligible.
Wickes 260
Wickes 260
Science East 201/Wickes 260


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Czech National Symphony Orchestra, M. Rota. Texts and translations. Delos 3462
Azeri soprano Dinara Alieva trained in Baku. After a few years at the theater there, she guested as Liù at Moscow's Bolshoi Opera in 2009 and joined that theater the following year for a number of starring roles. So far, her outstanding Western credit is two Donna Elviras at Vienna State Opera in 2011; she returns there this spring for Tchaikovsky's Tatiana. She has also sung Elvira and Violetta at Deutsche Oper Berlin. Delos's packaging emphasizes that Alieva is an extremely attractive woman; fortunately — as is not always the case these days — she also demonstrates considerable temperament and has a striking, beautifully colored instrument.
Alieva, professionally supported throughout by Marcello Rota and a perfectly competent orchestra, offers a program of very familiar Italian arias — virtually nothing most collectors won't own in versions by Callas, Tebaldi, Price or, in the case of younger listeners, Gheorghiu. So the CD is clearly meant as a kind of calling card, but it sets itself high standards of comparison. Her Italian is far better pronounced than the usual post-Soviet competition winner's and shows serious application. The clarity is welcome, even though — as she is here presenting mostly roles she has yet to sing onstage — she doesn't always bring something individual to evoking the different characters of Cio-Cio-San, Adriana, Nedda and the rest. But a generalized feeling and energy are never lacking. Germont's letter pre-"Addio del passato" is credibly read, save for an overemphatic "E tardi!" The aria itself is quite commendably sung, with long arcs of sound and a welcome second verse. In Violetta's first scena, which opens the recital, Alieva is hardly the first or last soprano to offer a simplified cadenza at "delizia al cor"; she doesn't quite attain the (unwritten) climactic E-flat. "Vissi d'arte" goes well except that the climax falls in a small zone (A-flat to B-flat) in which, throughout the recital (Lauretta's plea and Adriana's credo furnish other examples), Alieva seems liable to hit notes only with a full-out vibrant throb, at times compromising the line. Sometimes she can taper her voice out of it, sometimes not. That doesn't make for benchmark achievement in the trickiest places (such as "Invan la pace") in the Forza aria from which the CD takes its name. Below and above this, she achieves more variety of attack and dynamics.
Withal, Alieva's is certainly one of the more beautiful and convincing voices I've heard confronting this repertory among the younger generation of singers; that and her glamorous persona should carry her far. Her July appearance at Lincoln Center in the Bolshoi's Tsar's Bride should be eagerly awaited.
Send feedback to OPERA NEWS.


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Bay Area Hospital strives to improve the health of our community every day.
Bay Area Hospital is a tobacco-free campus.
We provide some of the most advanced and compassionate care in the region.
Whether you are receiving care or visiting a loved one, our goal is to make your stay with us a positive one.
Bay Area Hospital offers a wide variety of support groups and programs to improve the health of our community.
We are continually looking for opportunities to improve our organization and keep our community informed.
How does your metabolism influence weight loss — or weight gain?
You''ve probably heard people blame their weight on a slow metabolism, but what does that mean? Is metabolism really the culprit? And if so, is it possible to rev up your metabolism to burn more calories?
It''s true that metabolism is linked to weight. But contrary to common belief, a slow metabolism is rarely the cause of excess weight gain. Although your metabolism influences your body''s basic energy needs, it''s your food and beverage intake and your physical activity that ultimately determine how much you weigh.
Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy. During this complex biochemical process, calories in food and beverages are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function.
Even when you''re at rest, your body needs energy for all its "hidden" functions, such as breathing, circulating blood, adjusting hormone levels, and growing and repairing cells.
The number of calories your body uses to carry out these basic functions is known as your basal metabolic rate — what you might call metabolism. Several factors determine your individual basal metabolic rate, including:
Energy needs for your body''s basic functions stay fairly consistent and aren''t easily changed. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 70 percent of the calories you burn every day.
In addition to your basal metabolic rate, two other factors determine how many calories your body burns each day:
It may be tempting to blame your metabolism for weight gain. But because metabolism is a natural process, your body has many mechanisms that regulate it to meet your individual needs. Only in rare cases do you get excessive weight gain from a medical problem that slows metabolism, such as Cushing''s syndrome or having an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).
Unfortunately, weight gain is complicated. It is likely a combination of genetic makeup, hormonal controls, diet composition, and the impact of environment on your lifestyle, including sleep, physical activity and stress. All of these factors result in an imbalance in the energy equation. You gain weight when you eat more calories than you burn — or burn fewer calories than you eat.
While it is true that some people seem to be able to lose weight more quickly and more easily than others, everyone will lose weight when they burn up more calories than they eat. Therefore, to lose weight, you need to create an energy deficit by eating fewer calories or increasing the number of calories you burn through physical activity or both.
While you don''t have much control over the speed of your basal metabolism, you can control how many calories you burn through your level of physical activity. The more active you are, the more calories you burn. In fact, some people who are said to have a fast metabolism are probably just more active — and maybe more fidgety — than are others.
You can burn more calories with:
Don''t look to dietary supplements for help in burning calories or weight loss. Products that claim to speed up your metabolism are often more hype than help, and some may cause undesirable or even dangerous side effects. Dietary supplement manufacturers aren''t required by the Food and Drug Administration to prove that their products are safe or effective, so view these products with caution and skepticism, and always let your doctors know about any supplements you take.
There''s no easy way to lose weight. The foundation for weight loss continues to be based on physical activity and diet. Take in fewer calories than you burn, and you lose weight.
Our knowledge is increasing about all of the mechanisms that impact appetite, food selection, and how your body processes and burns food. Your health care provider can help you explore interventions that can help you lose weight.


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Four years is a long time when you're talking about the progression of technology, and with the London games set to kick off today, we thought we'd round up some of the cool new innovations that have surfaced since Beijing 2008.
Quantum timing
The last time the Olympic Games came to London back in 1948, Omega revolutionized accurate timekeeping with the first photo-finish camera. Dubbed the Magic Eye, the device was accurate to a thousandth of a second — a vast improvement over previous years in which events were still hand-timed.
Fast forward to the present, and timekeeping has once again become more accurate than ever before. Race times in the London 2012 games will be accurate to one microsecond (0.00001) thanks to Omega's new quantum timers. That's — quite literally — faster than the blink of an eye, which takes roughly 350,000 microseconds. The coolest part is that Omega's timer can track the times of sixteen different competitors simultaneously.
Pressure-sensitive starting blocks
Ever since the 1976 games in Montreal, false starts have been detected by measuring when a sprinter's starting blocks move back 5 millimeters. If this movement was triggered any sooner than a tenth of a second after the gun was fired, a false start would be declared. Humans generally can't react to sound any faster than a 0.1 second, so anything faster than that isn't allowed. Rather than relying on movement, the starting blocks in London will detect false starts by using sensors to measure pressure exerted on them by runners.
The starting guns have also been improved. Since the sound of a traditional starting gun reaches each sprinter at a slightly different time depending on their distance from it, a better system was needed. This year, the "gun" is entirely electronic. When it goes off, the sound is broadcast through speakers located behind each runner, which ensures that each athlete will hear the "shot" at precisely the same moment.
Taekwondo sensor pads
In 2008, British taekwondo competitor Sarah Stevenson was nearly ousted from the competition after a quarterfinal match in which the judges failed to award her two points for a head-kick she landed in the final seconds of the bout. The British team representative protested, and the decision went to review. After a closer look at the video footage, the judges reversed their decision and declared Stevenson the winner, allowing her to progress to the semifinals.
Although she didn't go on to win the gold, the close call still drew attention to the potential for human error when judging such competitions. Starting this year, all competitors will wear special clothing and pads fitted with sensors made by Spanish company Daedo. These sensors will register a point-scoring hit when contact is made, and will serve as a backup for judges and hopefully reduce the potential for scoring errors.
Drag-reducing tracksuits
In addition to better blocks and guns, some Olympic sprinters will also get special dimpled tracksuits designed to reduce aerodynamic drag. Drawing inspiration from the golf ball, Nike's new Pro Turbospeed suit has proven in wind-tunnel tests that it can potentially reduce times by 0.023 second. Considering how close times can be in the 100-meter dash, this could mean the difference between taking home gold, or not even making the podium.
Robotic photography
Photographers at Reuters have stepped up their game with a host of remote-controlled robotic cameras they'll use to shoot the Games from a variety of new perspectives this year. Placed in locations that traditional photographers generally can't reach, the cameras will be controlled with a joystick, and will allow controllers to tilt or rotate them along three different axes. The robotic control system also simplifies the capture of panoramic and time-lapse shots.
Synchronized shooting
Fans of synchronized swimming will be glad to hear that a new dual-lens camera will be used to shoot the event like never before. Previously, broadcasters couldn't sync shots from above and below the water line due to the difference in the way that light refracts in water and air. The need for heavy image processing also made such shots problematic for live broadcast, but the new Twinscam from Japanese broadcasting company NHK has come up with a solution. The camera combines images from its two lenses — one above, and one below the water — to create a single shot. The result is an unbroken, undistorted view of the swimmers.


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10:00 am
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Mediterranean Specials" Test cook Bridget Lancaster reveals the secrets to making the ultimate Beef Kebabs. Next, tasting expert Jack Bishop challenges host Christopher Kimball to a tasting of Greek yogurt. And finally, test cook Bryan Roof uncovers the test kitchen's secrets to perfect Greek Spinach and Feta Pie. D
10:30 am
Around The House with Matt and Shari "Wonderful Walls" This show offers some great ideas for creating inexpensive and attractive wall art using fabric, calendars, scrapbook papers, and your computer. Then, Matt demonstrates tongue and groove paneling. Last, Matt and Shari demonstrate various painting techniques for a creative wall design. D
11:00 am
Austin City Limits "The Decemberists/Gillian Welch" The Decemberists highlight songs from their release The King Is Dead. Welch and her partner David Rawlings perform cuts from The Harrow & the Harvest.G
12:00 pm
Sesame Street "The Latinization of Marco" Gina is reading a book to Marco about the Spanish names for animals. Rosita asks what she is doing and Gina explains that since Marco was born in Guatemala where people speak Spanish, she would like him (and herself) to learn Spanish too. Rosita explains that there is so much more to learn and dashes off to get her guitar. D
1:00 pm
Dinosaur Train "Dinos A to Z, Part 3, Classification/Dinos A to Z, Part 4, A To Z Picnic" The Pteranodon family rides the Dinosaur Train - now with extra cars attached -- as it continues picking up more dinosaurs that are in the `Dinosaurs A to Z' song. The Pteranodon family reunites with some dinosaurs they've met before, and are introduced to species they've never met! The Pteranodon kids also learn about classification, and Don leads the way organizing the dinosaurs on the Train by their species, features, and size. The Pteranodon family is on the Dinosaur Train, now very crowded with all 26 dinosaurs mentioned in the `Dinosaurs A to Z' song. D
1:30 pm
Super Why! "Peter Rabbit" Red wants to find the perfect present to show Grandma she cares, but she is absolutely stumped! The Super Readers pay a storybook visit to Peter Rabbit and chase after the mischievous little cottontail bunny, who's on the hunt for some delicious fresh vegetables for his Mama. The Super Readers must help Peter find what he's looking for before his big appetite for veggies lands him in hot water! Educational Objectives: To learn how to show someone you care, investigate the alphabet, practice spelling skills and use the power to read to change the story. D
2:00 pm
Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "When I Grow Up/Doing It Differently" When I Grow Up - Sally and Nick are trying to guess what they'll be when they grow up when the Cat drops in for a visit. Cat is sure Nick and Sally will never guess what his friend Puggle will be when she grows up. When they see her, they start guessing right away! A frog? A duck? No, a beaver! They discover that, while Puggle may have some similarities to other creatures, she will grow up to be a duck billed platypus! Doing It Differently - Nick and Sally can't seem to find Harvey the guinea pig. D
2:30 pm
Wild Kratts "Cheetah Racer" Chris and Martin announce that no creature or vehicle can travel as fast over the rough and tumble African savannah as the cheetah. Aviva takes the challenge and declares she will build a ground racer that can run even faster than a cheetah. Of course Zach wants to prove that he is a better inventor than Aviva and joins the race. D
3:00 pm
Dialogue for Kids "Butterflies" Joan Cartan-Hansen and her guest scientists will answer students' questions about butterflies. Cartan-Hansen will be joined by Steve Burns, Director of Zoo Boise, and Dr. Paul Castrovillo, an entomologist and Insect Curator at the Orma J. Smith Museum of Natural History at the College of Idaho.G
3:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "French Riviera: Uniquely Chic" Long a favorite of Europe's elite, the coastline still sparkles with yachts. Rick follows in the footsteps of the 19th century aristocrats along Monaco's harbor and Nice's promenade des Anglais. Then he visits picturesque artist hangouts of Chagall, Matisse and Picasso.G
4:00 pm
Live from the Artists Den "Death Cab for Cutie" The Brooklyn Museum, one of the oldest and largest museums in the country, provided a majestic setting for indie rock favorite, Death Cab for Cutie. In the midst of a tour for its latest release, "Codes and Keys," the band performed for 800 fans gathered in the famous Beaux-Arts Court, surrounded by grand archways and classic European paintings on a rainy summer night. Recorded August 3, 2011, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY. D
5:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
6:00 pm
My Hero "Baby Talk" Janet's parents are arriving to visit their new grandchild, who is already showing characteristics of a pint-sized superhero.G
6:30 pm
Are You Being Served? "Forward Mr. Grainger" Mr. Rumbold attends a management seminar for a month, leaving Mr. Grainger temporarily in charge.G
7:00 pm
May to December "The Way You Look Tonight" Zoe feels inadequate when Simone boasts of how domesticated her mother was. Hillary is still infatuated with Anthony, while Vera ponders how to put her off the scent.G
7:30 pm
As Time Goes By "Showered with Gifts" When Lionel and Jean make a stand against the ghastly country set, they become popular with the villagers, who now shower them with gifts.G
8:00 pm
Last of the Summer Wine "Some Adventures of the Inventor of the Mother Stitch" Hobbo (Russ Abbot) moves to town. The retired milkman regales his friends with tales of working undercover as a spy, and Alvin and Entwistle stand guard in the back of the truck to watch for enemy agents. Barry and Glenda help a new neighbor move in who turns out to be Toby (Trevor Bannister), Barry's irrascible golf captain.G
8:30 pm
The Red Green Show "Life Cycle" Red in the possum van competes with Harold on a bicycle for distance covered on a $10 bet. Then Red shares his recipe for fire engine chili.G
9:00 pm
Keeping Up Appearances - The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket "Driving Ms Fortescue" Hyacinth is thrilled when the wealthy Mrs. Fortescue - practically an aristocrat - asks for a lift into town.G
9:30 pm
Mr. Bean "Tee Off, Mr. Bean" The series opens with Mr. Bean misplacing his trousers at the laundromat. The problem solved, he goes to the Krazy Golf Course where he finds he must play without touching the ball.G
10:00 pm
Outnumbered There is a lot to discuss during an evening with Ben's parents, including muggers, dangerous chemicals and reenactments of the Great Plague. Mum is still suspicious Jake is hiding something and Karen decides which of the world's great religions to lead.G
10:30 pm
Vicar of Dibley "Spring" Alice is busy arranging the forthcoming christening for her and Hugo's new baby girl, but there is still much deliberation over the child's full name. Geraldine is flustered and bewildered by a surprise proposition.G
11:10 pm
My Hero "Baby Talk" Janet's parents are arriving to visit their new grandchild, who is already showing characteristics of a pint-sized superhero.G
11:41 pm
Are You Being Served? "Forward Mr. Grainger" Mr. Rumbold attends a management seminar for a month, leaving Mr. Grainger temporarily in charge.G


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Author Iain Banks announced today on his website that he has cancer of the gall bladder, and is unlikely to live more than a year.
Banks is recognized as one of the most talented and original writers of his generation. His work divides between novels—such as The Wasp Factory, The Crow Road, and The Bridge; and Science-Fiction (written under the name Iain M. Banks)—Consider Phlebus, Surface Detail and The Hydrogen Sonata.
Banks wrote in his statement:
I am officially very poorly. After a couple of surgical procedures, I am gradually recovering from jaundice caused by a blocked bile duct, but that – it turns out – is the least of my problems.
I first thought something might be wrong when I developed a sore back in late January, but put this down to the fact I'd started writing at the beginning of the month and so was crouched over a keyboard all day. When it hadn't gone away by mid-February, I went to my GP, who spotted that I had jaundice. Blood tests, an ultrasound scan and then a CT scan revealed the full extent of the grisly truth by the start of March.
I have cancer. It started in my gall bladder, has infected both lobes of my liver and probably also my pancreas and some lymph nodes, plus one tumour is massed around a group of major blood vessels in the same volume, effectively ruling out any chance of surgery to remove the tumours either in the short or long term.
The bottom line, now, I'm afraid, is that as a late stage gall bladder cancer patient, I'm expected to live for "several months" and it's extremely unlikely I'll live beyond a year. So it looks like my latest novel, The Quarry, will be my last.
As a result, I've withdrawn from all planned public engagements and I've asked my partner Adele if she will do me the honour of becoming my widow (sorry – but we find ghoulish humour helps). By the time this goes out we'll be married and on a short honeymoon. We intend to spend however much quality time I have left seeing friends and relations and visiting places that have meant a lot to us. Meanwhile my heroic publishers are doing all they can to bring the publication date of my new novel forward by as much as four months, to give me a better chance of being around when it hits the shelves.
There is a possibility that it might be worth undergoing a course of chemotherapy to extend the amount of time available. However that is still something we're balancing the pros and cons of, and anyway it is out of the question until my jaundice has further and significantly, reduced.
Lastly, I'd like to add that from my GP onwards, the professionalism of the medics involved – and the speed with which the resources of the NHS in Scotland have been deployed – has been exemplary, and the standard of care deeply impressive. We're all just sorry the outcome hasn't been more cheerful.
Very sad news indeed.


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Hello everyone
I picked up my wonderful cockatiel last Saturday so have almost had him a week. He seems to be getting along well and is keen to come out of the cage and sit on us. Seems to like a head scratch and especially seems to like my partner and my 7 year old daughter a lot. He will step up on them and sit for ages. Me however he is not as keen on. He seems scared of my hands and just flys away but will sit on my head and shoulder. Anything I can do to help him get over this? He is fully weaned . He also has only explored one half of his cage but when he hears/ sees us in the room he paces up and down chirping to come out! Very cute.
Also - what age before they start getting noisy and vocal other tha. Just odd chirps?
Thanks for help and advice


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The 2004/05 U.S. rough rice crop is estimated at a record 230.8 million hundredweight, up 3.2 million hundredweight from the last production forecast reported in November, and 30.9 million hundredweight above a year earlier.
The upward revision was due to a higher yield; area was lowered slightly this month. At 6,942 pounds per acre, the 2004 average field yield is up 114 pounds from the November forecast and 272 pounds above a year earlier. This is the fifth consecutive year of a record yield. Both long and combined medium/short grain production were revised upward in January.
Last month, year-end survey data reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) pegged 2004/05 U.S. planted area at 3.35 million acres, down 17,000 acres from the November NASS survey but nearly 11 percent above a year earlier.
Plantings were the largest since 1999/2000. Plantings were lowered 10,000 acres in both Arkansas and California, while raised 3,000 in Louisiana. Medium grain accounted for all of the reduction in 2004/05 planted area.
Production forecasts were revised up last month for all producing states. Arkansas accounted for more than a third of the 3.17-million-hundredweight upward revision in 2004/05 production. Missouri's crop was increased 845,000 hundredweight. Production increases in other states were much smaller.
Yields were revised up in all producing states except Mississippi and Louisiana, where yields are unchanged from the last projections reported in November. Missouri's yield was boosted 400 pounds per acre and California's increased 200 pounds. Yield revisions in other states were much smaller.
Record crops
Rice acreage was larger in 2004/05 in all reporting states except Mississippi where area was unchanged from a year earlier. Arkansas, California, and Louisiana account for the bulk of this year's 328,000-acre increase in total rice harvested area. At 1.55 million acres, harvested area in Arkansas is up 100,000 acres from a year earlier.
California's near-record 590,000 acres is 83,000 acres above 2003/04. Louisiana harvested 533,000 acres of rice in 2004/05, an increase of 83,000 acres. Texas acreage is estimated at 218,000 acres, up 38,000 from a year earlier and the largest since 1999/2000. Missouri harvested 196,000 acres, up 24,000 from a year earlier.
At 234,000 acres, Mississippi's rice acreage is unchanged from 2003/04. Relatively strong prices at planting were behind the 2004 U.S. rice area expansion.
Field yields were higher for all reporting states in 2004 except Louisiana, with record yields achieved in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri.
California yields
California's average yield of 8,600 pounds per acre was 900 pounds above a year earlier and the highest since the mid-1990s. The weather was extremely favorable to growers in California in 2004. In 2003, California yields were adversely affected by a wet, cold spring followed an extremely hot summer.
Weather conditions were quite favorable in 2004 in most of the Delta rice growing areas as well.
At 6,910 pounds per acre, the Arkansas average field yield was up 300 pounds from a year earlier. In Mississippi, the average yield was 6,900 pounds per acre, up 100 pounds from 2003/04. Missouri's yield of 6,800 pounds per acre was 670 pounds higher than a year earlier.
The Texas yield — estimated at 6,740 pounds per acre — is 140 pounds higher than a year earlier.
In contrast, Louisiana's average yield dropped 520 pounds per acre to 5,350 pounds. The Gulf Coast, especially Louisiana, experienced heavy rain and winds early in the growing season.
Rice production was larger this year in all reporting states, with record crops harvested in Arkansas, California, and Missouri. Arkansas and California account for nearly three-fourths of the 30.9-million-hundredweight increase in production in 2004/05. At a record 107.4 million hundredweight, the Arkansas rice crop is nearly 12 percent larger than a year earlier, a result of both larger plantings and a record yield.
California up 30 Pct.
Near-record plantings and a higher yield boosted California's production 30 percent to a record 50.8 million hundredweight. Missouri's record crop of 13.3 million hundredweight is up nearly 27 percent from a year earlier, with both area and yield higher. Texas rice production jumped 24 percent to 14.7 million hundredweight — the largest since 2001 — mostly due to greater plantings. At 16.1 million hundredweight, Mississippi's production is up 1-2 percent from a year earlier, a result of a slightly higher yield. Despite a weaker yield, Louisiana's 2004/05 rice harvest of 28.5 million hundredweight was 8 percent larger than a year earlier.
Total U.S. rice supplies for 2004/05 are projected at a record 268 million hundredweight, up 2.2 million hundredweight from last month's forecast and 11 percent larger than a year earlier. On an annual basis, a record crop more than offset a smaller carryin and a decline in imports. At 23.7 million hundredweight, the 2004/05 carryin was nearly 12 percent smaller than a year earlier and the smallest since 1999/2000.
Imports are projected at 13.5 million hundredweight, a drop of 1 million from December's forecast and 13 percent below a year earlier. All of the month-to-month and year-to-year decline in imports is for medium/short grain rice. Puerto Rico — the largest U.S. territory — purchases the bulk of the medium/short grain rice imported by the United States.
Rice use projection
Total U.S. rice use in 2004/05 is projected at 228 million hundredweight, up 3.9 million hundredweight from December's forecast and 4 percent larger than a year earlier. Total use is the second highest on record. Total domestic use (including the residual, or unreported losses in handling, processing, and marketing plus any statistical errors) accounts for all of January's upward revision and most of the year-to-year increase in total use.
Total domestic and residual use is projected at a near-record 123 million hundredweight, 3 percent above December and 7 percent larger than a year earlier. Food, industrial, and residual use is projected at 119 million hundredweight, up 4 million hundredweight from last month and 8 percent above a year earlier.
Last month's upward revision was based on a smaller-than-expected Dec. 1 rice stocks estimate. Seed use was lowered 2 percent to 3.95 million hundredweight, 4 percent below a year earlier.
U.S. rice exports
U.S. rice exports in 2004/05 remain projected at 105 million hundredweight (rough equivalent of both rough and milled rice exports), up more than 1 percent from a year earlier. Exports are second only to the record 124.6 million hundredweight shipped in 2002/03. A big boost in U.S. supplies, a much smaller price difference over Asian competitors, and a decline in exportable supplies in several major Asian rice exporting countries — as well as in Australia — are behind the projected increase in U.S. rice exports.
By type of rice, U.S. rough rice exports are projected to decline while combined milled and brown rice exports are projected to increase. By class, a fractional decline in long grain exports is projected to be more than offset by stronger medium/short grain exports.
U.S. rough rice exports for 2004/05 remain projected at 32 million hundredweight, down 7 percent from a year earlier and more than 25 percent below the 2002/03 record. Brazil accounts for most of the expected decline in U.S. rough rice exports in 2004/05.
Combined milled and brown rice exports (on a rough basis) are projected at 73 million hundredweight, up more than 5 percent from a year earlier.
Expanded exports of milled and brown rice in 2004/05 are based on expectations that the United States will increase shipments to Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, two regions where the United States typically faces stiff competition from Asian exporters.


text:
Abbas & the PA should have used the support received in the UN to reach out to Israel for peace talks, said Canadian foreign minister.
Canadian Foreign Minister John Baird, who delivered a supportive speech of Israel at the UN before its vote Thursday on the Palestinian statehood, said Friday "the bottom line is we will not let the Jewish people and the State of Israel stand alone when the going gets tough."
Baird, in a phone interview from New York, said he had "absolutely no hesitation" about taking the podium and opposing the Palestinian bid, something he knew was not a popular position in the hall.
The Canadian foreign minister criticized Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas for the hostile tenor of his speech.
"Knowing that he had such overwhelming support, this would have been an occasion for him to reach out to the government and people of Israel, to embrace the Jewish people, to talk about his hopes for peace and be magnanimous," he said. "Unfortunately it was a rather aggressive speech that will really do nothing to advance the cause of peace or the peace process."
Baird said he was "disappointed with some countries in Europe for failing to stand up. I thought the Czech Republic was courageous to take the position it did and stand alone in the European Union. I certainly admire their leadership."
The Czech Republic was the only EU country to vote against the Palestinian resolution, and – along with Israel and Canada – made up a group of nine countries that opposed the bid.
View original Jerusalem Post publication at: http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=294114


text:
|FreeBSD General Other questions regarding FreeBSD which do not fit in any of the categories below.
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Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the vm.pmap.shpgperp
I have a FreeBSD 7.0-STABLE amd64 box which gives this message with apache 2.2 very often. Previously the contents of the box was on 6.3-STABLE x86 and I had no such problems. This started right away when we moved to 7, 64bit.
FreeBSD web.XXXXX.com 7.0-STABLE FreeBSD 7.0-STABLE #0: Tue Apr 22 02:13:30 UTC 2008 email@example.com:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/WEB amd64
Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max sysctl.
Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max sysctl.
I have increased vm.pmap.shpgperproc to 2000 and this seemed to stop complaints for a little while but they occur again...
ipcs -a return nothing
web:/root#ipcs -a
Message Queues:
Shared Memory:
Here are the active sysctl values:
vm.pmap.pmap_collect_active: 0
vm.pmap.pmap_collect_inactive: 0
vm.pmap.pv_entry_spare: 7366
vm.pmap.pv_entry_allocs: 93953399357
vm.pmap.pv_entry_frees: 93953160939
vm.pmap.pc_chunk_tryfail: 0
vm.pmap.pc_chunk_frees: 559631374
vm.pmap.pc_chunk_allocs: 559632837
vm.pmap.pc_chunk_count: 1463
vm.pmap.pv_entry_count: 238418
vm.pmap.shpgperproc: 2000
vm.pmap.pv_entry_max: 13338058
The box is lightly loaded, it is an 8 core box with load average about 0.2-0.4
Any ideas about what to check/do next? I only could find a post which suggests using:
kern.ipc.shm_use_phys: 1
But I already set it and it has no effect...box has 4gb of memory:
CPU: 0.1% user, 0.0% nice, 0.0% system, 0.0% interrupt, 99.9% idle
Mem: 180M Active, 1584M Inact, 467M Wired, 131M Cache, 214M Buf, 1578M Free
Swap: 8192M Total, 8548K Used, 8184M Free
I have the following in make.conf
CFLAGS= -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe
CXXFLAGS+= -fconserve-space
COPTFLAGS= -O -pipe
below is the kernel config file:
cpu HAMMER
ident WEB
options SCHED_ULE # ULE scheduler
options PREEMPTION # Enable kernel thread preemption
options INET # InterNETworking
#options INET6 # IPv6 communications protocols
#options SCTP # Stream Control Transmission Protocol
options FFS # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options SOFTUPDATES # Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_DIRHASH # Improve performance on big directories
options UFS_GJOURNAL # Enable gjournal-based UFS journaling
options CD9660 # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options PROCFS # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options PSEUDOFS # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options GEOM_PART_GPT # GUID Partition Tables.
options GEOM_LABEL # Provides labelization
options COMPAT_43TTY # BSD 4.3 TTY compat [KEEP THIS!]
options COMPAT_IA32 # Compatible with i386 binaries
options COMPAT_FREEBSD4 # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options COMPAT_FREEBSD5 # Compatible with FreeBSD5
options COMPAT_FREEBSD6 # Compatible with FreeBSD6
options SCSI_DELAY=5000 # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options KTRACE # ktrace(1) support
options STACK # stack(9) support
options SYSVSHM # SYSV-style shared memory
options SYSVMSG # SYSV-style message queues
options SYSVSEM # SYSV-style semaphores
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options ADAPTIVE_GIANT # Giant mutex is adaptive.
options STOP_NMI # Stop CPUS using NMI instead of IPI
#options AUDIT # Security event auditing
# Make an SMP-capable kernel by default
options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
# CPU frequency control
device cpufreq
# Bus support.
device acpi
device pci
# Floppy drives
device fdc
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device ata
device atadisk # ATA disk drives
device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives
options ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
# SCSI peripherals
device scbus # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
device da # Direct Access (disks)
device cd # CD
device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
#device ses # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
device twa # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device atkbdc # AT keyboard controller
device atkbd # AT keyboard
device psm # PS/2 mouse
device kbdmux # keyboard multiplexer
device vga # VGA video card driver
device splash # Splash screen and screen saver support
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device sc
device agp # support several AGP chipsets
# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device em # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
device ixgb # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device miibus # MII bus support
device dc # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
device re # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
device sk # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# Pseudo devices.
device loop # Network loopback
device random # Entropy device
device ether # Ethernet support
device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device firmware # firmware assist module
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device bpf # Berkeley packet filter
# USB support
device uhci # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device ohci # OHCI PCI->USB interface
device ehci # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device usb # USB Bus (required)
device ugen # Generic
device uhid # "Human Interface Devices"
device ukbd # Keyboard
device umass # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device ums # Mouse
# My Additions
# Statically Link in accept filters
options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA
options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP
# Other Devices & Options
device snp #Snoop device - to look at pty/vty/etc..
Any ideas on what might be going on?
Read this email thread in its entirety (i.e. the original and the reply).
Kill your t.v.
I already read that, but I already have the setting at 2000 and there are less than 50 httpd processes (about 20-30 average) which should be considered as very low load conditions and this problem usually occurs when the load is higher on the boxes according to posts I found from google. There says only that one can increase shpgperproc without much worry. There is no information about how can one see the pv entries used by a single process or how to get rid of this problem altogether. As I mentioned with almost same configuration the sites on this box was working without this error message on 6.3-stable i386. There must be something wrong/changed with FreeBSD 7.0 which is causing this and there of course must be a solution.
I think I already read this on one of freebsd mailing lists.
Read this and others in same thread.
tuning(7) is must read.
I dont see the point using amd64 on machine <= 4GB of RAM. And having 8 GB for SWAP is also strange. If you plan to use 8GB of swap at any time, buy instead more RAM.
Last edited by richardpl; 15th May 2008 at 09:12 PM.
Well, I read all those posts, and tuning, yet my questions are still unanswered...Believe me I have searched everything. Is there anybody who has an answer to how to monitor pv entries used by processes?
While not related, you are mistaken in usage of FreeBSD amd64 for <=4gb ram machines. For one thing, when you use amd64 version, you automatically have access to 64bit registers and as well as double the amount of SSE registers. This simple fact does double the speed of certain programs. Also there are further advantages of using amd64 version as you have access to parts of the processor and functionality which you cant use with i386 version. Thus, even with 1GB of memory, using amd64 version of FreeBSD would be beneficial. As well as this machine has 4GB of memory anyway and with i386 version most machines are only able to use 3.2GB of 4GB memory.
Ask developers, try freebsd-hackers mailing lists.
Just because of doubled registers you should use more than 4GB of RAM ....
I have asked to freebsd-stable list as well. I am waiting if somebody replies or not.
I am sorry but where do you get this information about one should use more than 4GB ram with 64bit OSes? I do not want to upset anybody here but you might want to check on your resources twice.
The registers work independent from the main memory. A register is the fastest piece of memory available in the computer and processor can only operate on data which is in a register. If you have more registers for usage, you do not have to move data so frequently between slow main memory and registers (which can take several clock cycles) and you can save tremendous amount of processing time if you have a program which operates on same variables very often as you will have more spare registers to keep the data in. You will have advantages whether you use 1gb of memory or 3gb of memory or more.
As examples to irrelevance of the memory amount in a system and 64bit os usage, there have been many 64bit ultrasparc computers with as low as 128mbyte memory as well as a lot of 64bit processors routers use 128mb-256mb memory. The efficiency of using 64bit processor is independent of the memory amount installed on the system.
The fact that 32bit systems can not directly address memory over 4gb means that you must use a 64bit OS to effectively use memory in systems which has more than 4GB of memory. But there is no reason to use a 32bit OS because you have less than 4GB memory.
There are more advantages of using 64bit OS other than the speed gains, a machine owner with a machine with 2gb of ram all of a sudden might decide to upgrade to 8gb of ram. Currently there is no way to upgrade FreeBSD 32bit to FreeBSD 64bit.
As well as if one is using prebuilt packages on an i386 box then they are not using all the advantages that the current processors provide like SSE functions or some other internal processor functions. This is because prebuilt packages should be compatible with a wide range of processors as low as 486 processors, so you are effectively not using any functions added to processor since 486 processors. However if you are using a 64bit OS, as this architecture is very new, all 64bit CPUs (supporting amd64 codeset) for sure support many current functions where the compilers already know that these processors for sure support these functions thus use these advanced functions while compiling a program for 64bit platform.
Long story short, it is always advantageous to use a 64bit OS if the processor is supporting 64bit independent of the amount of memory installed.
amd64 != ultrasparc
I never claimed that i386 is better in any way than amd64 or any other 64 bit or higer technology. My point was that amd64 OS is more useful with more RAM, and having only 4GB is just very minimalistic ... and that of course should not(I hope so) have anything with your current problem.
Having 64bit OS implies that size of int are doubled, and that doubles usage of memory.
Actually, that information is not correct unless I am mistaken. Int variables have a 32bit size and it doesnt matter if you compile your program on a 32bit or 64bit machine. One must use long int if 64bit int is wanted. 32bit registers do exist in 64bit machines too so there is no reason for the compiler to allocate twice the amount of space. As a repeatable example look at this tiny program compiled on 64bit OS.
Also as you can see, the registers, rax,rdx (64bit registers) and ecx,esi (32bit registers) are separetely used depending on the variable size printed.
If you were right, and int variables occupied 64bits on 64bit architectures then the machine couldnt use 32bit registers to store them for printing, also the memory space used would be 8bytes instead of 4bytes.
The only problem which I can see is that the memory alignment can force some small memory gaps however the compiler already does optimize for this this situation.
Honestly, I am quite tired of this discussion. If you think that using 32bit OS you are saving few bytes from 1gb-4gb memory then please go ahead. I just hope that you wouldnt suggest people who has <=4gb memory to use 32bit OS. Because that is a bad suggestion.
yes, fbsd on x64 uses LP64 data model ie. int=32 bits pointers and long=64 bits.
64 bit software has its pros and cons. the performance advantages of 64bit over 32bit software is not as clear-cut as you claim.
Well it is pretty clear to me. When you use AMD64 port of FreeBSD the OS has access to both 32bit parts of the processor and in addition to 64bit parts of the processor. Having a 64bit processor basicly means the OS has access to more resources. The programs might take advantage or not is another question of course. However compilers do optimizations. Agreed, some programs might use slightly more memory but nowadays even laptops ship with 2gb of memory, having a process which use 300mb memory use 400mb instead is negligible downside.
Here is some test results of various applications (not on FreeBSD but...)
According to these results most applications give 20-30% speed increase and some even 100% and only one of them is mentioned to be using noticeably more amount of memory.
So, if one considers pros and cons of this, if you have a 64bit processor you would be better of using 64bit capable binaries, not only for better speed, but also for being able to utilize full capabilities of the processor. Otherwise paying for 64bit processor but use it as 32bit doesnt make much sense.
<digressing> how did you get the assembly o/p with the C code?
can gcc do that or did you just insert them yourself?
I already put a note for this in my post with the code. If you compile the program with -pg flag then the source code lines are visible in the objdump -S output. (so I didnt enter them myself, and actually I am not sure if -g flag is also necessary at the moment but I used -pg and -g at the same time). For using -pg flag, you need to have profiled libraries installed in your system.
This also allows gprof to profile the code line-by-line so you can see exactly in which line code your program is spending time when you run gprof. Normally gprof only shows statistics in a function level which is not very useful.
I am writing my master's thesis on code optimization so I have been experimenting quite much with these stuff lately. You would be amazed how much performance increase one can get when you change one variable to use a cpu register actually in a certain program which is they run on supercomputing clusters, with kind of change(and few other changes) we have achieved 2 times speed increase where the program running 1 month could finish in 2 weeks only.
If you are interested in these stuff you might find intel vtune and amd codeanalyst quite interesting as well.
thanks, i found the objdump -S (profiling info is not required for this) feature very useful.
regarding 64 bit performance the ubuntu benchmarks looks overoptimistic.
this paper looks more credible: http://lixom.net/~olof/64bit-perf.pdf
Last edited by ephemera; 17th May 2008 at 09:51 PM.
The results can vary greatly depending on the compiler version and flags used as well as the program used for tests.
For example it seems like indeed OpenSSL test for DES gives slower results in 64bit however I recently wrote a program using Perl with Crypt-DES, and it definetely works magnitudes of faster on 64bit. I didnt take time but on 32bit it was visibly few times slower. (the program was suppose to crack a des encrypted file and it could do it way faster on 64bit)
So few programs maybe get screwed 1%-2% on the speed (especially synthetic benchmarks) but most can and do greatly benefit from 64bit. If you can find some benchmarks which show that the results from those real life programs from the benchmark results I posted are working slower on 64bit, then one of the benchmarks would be wrong of course but we are comparing apples with oranges here. 2 different set of results from few different programs does not really show the overall performance of a real life situation.
If in doubt, do your own tests. You cant really trust a 3rd person's tests. You cant imagine how many times I made some tests which were flawed for one or another reason and realized it later that I made some mistakes.
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text:
Bell resident Robert Mackin is frustrated that his monthly water rate keeps rising, by about 50% in the last few years.
He writes the check to his water provider, Golden State Water Co. But he is actually served by six separate agencies that each play a role in delivering his water — and charging him for the service.
"I'll be honest, I don't really have an idea of what all these agencies do … it's hard to understand," Mackin said. "When the bill comes in, I look at the total and write the check."
And he's not alone.
Two of those water districts — which serve more than a third of the nearly 10 million residents of L.A. County — have more than doubled their fees in recent years while spending significant amounts of time and money battling each other in a series of lawsuits, legislative showdowns and unusual PR campaigns.