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This article references Var. 25 of the Goldberg Variations and Canon 11 of BWV 1087, Bach's addendum to the Goldberg Variations. Both works can be heard at digitalbach.com/goldberg.
It was the habit of Wanda Landowska, one of this century's more brilliant interpreters of the Goldberg Variations, to refer to Variatio 25 as a "crown of thorns." As a renowned performer, Landowska was entitled, of course, to plead Christ's passion if only to soothe her own Angst when it came to the interpretation of this Herculean cycle.
But the demand of Variatio 25 is spiritual, not technical. Landowska's presentiment of agony must have been a consequence more of what was said than how. In that sense Landowska's crowning insight may have been for anagogical undertones which appear to have reverberated within the mind of the composer, Johann Sebastian Bach, himself. What are these undertones, and how did Landowska come to hear them?
The answer to these questions may be found in a little known canon which Sebastian Bach had inscribed on the flyleaf of a book owned by theology student, and sometime player in his orchestras, Johann Gottlieb Fulda. Beneath the puzzle Bach had scribbled Symbolum: Christus Coronabit Crucigeros, which translates, "Symbol: Christ will crown those who carry His cross." The puzzle, solved, is a double canon, in contrary motion, above a ground quotation of the first phrase of the Goldberg soggetto. The leading canonic voice employs a lamento of five semitones (figure 1) similar to that which commences Variatio 25. If Landowska had known of this double canon, its resemblance to the "ancient music" which she had resurrected would have been her metaphor's raison d'etre.
In view, however, of the fact that kinship would wait to be established until the fifteenth year after Landowska's death, we might wonder what the Polish harpsichordist might have seen, in Variatio 25, by way of allusion to that other crown...the one which bloodied the head of the Redeemer. Might she have envisaged, in the five semitones of its lamento bass, stigmata? Or was it Bach's lancinating dissonances that pierced, like Roman spear, Landowska's ear? Might she have counted in Variatio 25 a more cerebral filiation: fifth variation in the fifth cycle of six, the product of the number of Christ's wounds perfectly squared? Or was it Weltschmerz that led Landowska to exclaim "crown of thorns!"
Understanding, as we do, the relationship between the Crucigeros work and the larger Variations, we take for granted the passion not only of Variatio 25, but of the complete cycle. Landowska's insight is easily adduced by likening it to the canon for which the composer himself provides an iconological referent. Both works employ a five-tone lamento. Both works transmutate that lament by means of contrary motion. The canon features, moreover, a contrapuntal procedure that held profound theological significance for Bach.
In "Tonal Allegory in the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach," Chafe suggests that Bach's use of the term Symbolum bespeaks a metaphoric dimension "permitting us to take the canons as statements about the nature of meaning and the relationship between art and theology." He writes: "Artists of the baroque period had means of expressing basic relationships between art and transcendent meaning." One means was the poetic epigram wherein the author used antithesis, conceit and paradox to remind the faithful of fundamental truths by compressing them into aphorisms. Also called paradoxa, a typical epigram included juxtapositions of passages such as "God wills all men should be saved" with "few are chosen."
Chafe likens the allegorical canons of Bach's oeuvre to Lutheran paradoxa noting that they, too, are rooted in antithesis. Inversion, contrary motion, retrograde, major/minor and sharp/flat contrasts, represented a universe of antinomies which may have evoked, to Bach's way of thinking, epigrammatic overtones...in tones. As a consequence, Bach's canons are more than compressed tonal materials. They represent a peculiarly Lutheran dialectic in which antithesis can be understood to symbolize subjective realities transcending both the artist and his music. Bach's canons stand for the affirmation of Lutheran precept as much, or more, than exquisite examples of baroque art.
It is significant that the canonic followers, in twelve of the fourteen works of the addendum, derive either by melodic inversion (ten) or by retrograde motion (two). In three canons, including the Crucigeros, Bach employs an especially rigorous procedure in which intervals not only reverse direction but also strictly maintain quality as well as number. The follower voice of these "mirror" canons may be discerned, quite literally, in the reflected images of their leaders.
The reader who is curious enough to experiment with a mirror will find, for example, that the descending Schmerzenfigur of the Crucigeros work, like a diagonal line from top-left to bottom-right, is reflected as an ascending line from bottom-left to top-right. When superimposed upon the original, this reflection forms the Greek letter , a Christological symbol since ancient times, and one which Bach substitutes in many of his handwritten scores for the words Kreuz or Christus.
The canon thus limns its Latin...Christus Coronabit Crucigeros...in a representation of Christ (), those who carry his cross (five descending semitones of the lament), and the crown (ascending mirror image of the lament). The combination of canon and Latin reveal, what is more, a paradox in which only those who carry the cross will wear the crown. This revelation is recognizable as a typically Lutheran exegesis of Jesus' warning: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will find it" (Matthew 16:24-25). Bach elegantly affirms this paradox in his use of a mirror to generate the crown, as it were, from the cross (figure 2).
Figure 2: Symbolic Connotations of the Crucigeros Canon Realized
Figure 2 is the graphic representation of how it might be possible, then, to conceive of the Crucigeros canon as existing in three dimensions: temporally, spatially, and tropologically. As a musical work of art, the canon does not have being outside of the time dimension through which it, necessarily, is performed and perceived. Yet the canon does indeed have significance, even without sound, as a spatial icon in which notational symbols have been used to signify the cross and crown. Finally, the canon is tropologically comprehensible as the product of a mirroring process in which secondary meanings are reflected, figuratively, out of ordinary tonal materials.
Integral to our understanding of anagogical ramifications within the canon is the fact that it functions as part of a larger cycle which was supposed, for two centuries, to have been autonomous...neither linked with objects outside of itself, nor lending itself to, extra-musical inferences. But, by appending the fourteen canons to the Goldberg Variations and Latin epigram to Fulda's book, J. S. Bach not only inferred something, he supplied the key to understanding what was inferred and the work to which it referred. Unlocked, the referent opens the ear to a world of shared sentiment, if not motivic lineaments, with one particular variation within the Goldberg cycle. It is of this variation that Wanda Landowska exclaimed, ahead of her time: "crown of thorns!"
I have attempted, in this essay, to establish the significance of the Crucigeros canon as it relates to the Goldberg Variations. This significance is predicated upon historical and musical factors having little to do with the composer's disposition toward the objects he created. There exist, however, two bits of Bachianna which leave little doubt as to Sebastian Bach's private conception of both the canon and the Variations as confirming his own Weltanschauung.
Throughout his life Bach used a monogram consisting of the letters JSB in florid calligraphy combined with its mirror image. This monogram was inscribed, for example, upon a crystal goblet presented to the composer around 1735 (either for his fiftieth birthday or upon his appointment as court composer to the Saxon monarch). The monogram is preceded by the word Vivat (figure 3). The reverse side of the goblet contains cryptic notation in which Bach's name has been worked in musical tones.
Throughout his life Bach demonstrated unshakable confidence in divine providence. His conflicts were many, and they cut him deeply. Yet, as Cox has recently noted, it was during the seasons of frustration and blighted hopes... the dispute with Ernesti, the request for dismissal from Mulhausen, the troubles at Leipzig ...that Bach expressed, most eloquently, his faith in God's preordination of good to those who carry the cross willingly.
This confidence, this willingness to endure suffering for the sake of rewards in this life and the life hereafter was by no means limited to Leipzig in the middle of the eighteenth century. It has been an article of the Christian faith for nearly two millennia. The American, William Penn, may have expressed it best when he wrote: "No pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown." Although the American colonial penned his pamphlet fifty years before Bach scribbled on the flyleaf of Fulda's notebook, we surmise from the cunning symbols of his Variatio 25, double canon on the Goldberg ground, and personal monogram, that Johann Sebastian Bach would have agreed.
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1. In 1919 Landowska founded the Ecole de Musique Ancienne near Paris. Her tour of the U.S. in 1940 revived interest in the harpsichord in general, and the Goldberg Variations in particular.
2. Twelve of the canons in BWV 1087 had been unknown before 1974. The two extant before that date were No. 11 (the crucigeros canon) and No. 13 (the triplex canon which Bach had submitted for his 1747 initiation into Mizler's Society for Musical Sciences). It is this latter canon which Bach holds in his right hand in Elias Haussmann's famous portrait of the year before. Prior to the discovery of the addendum the triplex canon was thought to have been another of the canonic variations on the Advent hymn, Vom Himmel hoch (BWV 769), which Bach had also submitted as part of his probe.
3. When this article was originally published I incorrectly identified Christoph Wolff as the one who found BWV 1087. The actual discovery was made by Olivier Alain in Strasbourg. Alain was the brother of Jehan Alain, slain in combat in 1940, for whom Duruflé wrote his famous Prélude et fugue sur le nom d'Alain, Op. 7 in 1942. Their father, Albert Alain (1880-1971), was a composer and organist, and their sister, Marie-Claire Alain (b. 1926), a famous organist and student of Marcel Dupré and Maurice Duruflé. I apologize to the Alain family, and Prof. Wolff for this mistake.
4. Eric Chafe. "Tonal Allegory in the Vocal Music of J. S Bach." Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. p. 14.
5. I Timothy 2:4 and Matthew 22:14
6. There are two techniques for obtaining a mirror image, each one yielding a different result. One technique involves positioning the original behind the head and reading it through a mirror. This produces an image in which the line reads from right to left (in retrograde). The technique used in a true mirror canon involves touching the mirror, at a ninety degree angle, to the base of the original. This produces an image in which ascending intervals descend and vice versa.
7. See, for example, the autograph of the "St. Matthew Passion."
8. see Revelation 12:1.
9. Howard Cox. "The Scholarly Detective: Investigating Bach's Personal Bible" Bach: the Quarterly Journal of the Riemenschneider Bach Institute, XXV, No. 1 (Spring/Summer 1994), p. 37.
10. William Penn (1644-1718), "No Cross, No Crown" pamphlet (1669).
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Class Mysteries
Shop Mysteries
The finished size of quilt is 86" x 99 1/2", a full/queen size. One of Charlotte Angotti's popular "Let Me Surpize You" Mystery Patterns. A more generous queen size can be made by cutting the outer border several inches wider. This quilt's fabric selection was inspired by the border stripe. The same border fabric is used to make the stars. In addition, there are five light fabrics and twelve dark fabrics used in the quilt. It is a great stash quilt. The Classy Patterns have full color instructions and most have photgraphs placed into the pattern for extremely easy to read and concise directions.
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Joelle's Color Wheel Quilt is one of our favorite projects from her new book, Last Minute Patchwork + Quilted Gifts. It is a spectacular heirloom, a treat for the eyes, and a fun color experiment. We couldn't wait to get our hands on this incredible pattern and start picking out fabrics!
Luckily, the book includes templates for making the segments of the wheel as well as the background shapes and thorough details to help us along with its construction. Joelle explains how she cut and assembled the fabric, including tips on chain-piecing the segments together. That's all very helpful, but one question remains:
How do you choose all those colors? The gifted colorists at Purl Patchwork have created a brand new Color Wheel Fabric Bundle to help solve this dilemma!
The Color Wheel Fabric Bundle includes 52 bright and brilliant cotton prints from some of our favorite designers to make up the color wheel. Each print is cut into fat eighths, or 9 x 22 inch rectangles which is enough fabric to assemble your own color wheel.
To complete the quilt, you'll also need 7.25 yards of white cotton fabric for the background, quilt back, and binding; template plastic, pattern paper, thread, and a fabric marker, which are not included.


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In a global economy that has been plagued by troubles in the world's financial systems, the words "safe" and "bank" still give investors pause. The shakeup of banking systems around the world raises the question: "Which banks are the safest?" These rankings are being published first on CNBC.com.
For the past 19 years, Global Financehas compiled a list of the World's 50 Safest Banks, and in the current recessionary environment of increased regulation and oversight, long-term safety of banks is of key interest. According to Global Finance, the companies who ranked highly this year were the ones that "cleaned up their balance sheets and strengthened their capital positions."
This ranking of safe banks was created through the comparison of long-term credit ratings (from Moody's Standard & Poor's and Fitch) and analysis of total assets owned by the 500 largest banks in the world.
For ease of comparison, we've listed the highest ranking bank in each country, as well as key statistics for each country's banking system. The size of the banking system was determined by the total value of assets owned by the country's banks and financial institutions.
It may be a surprise where you'll find the safest banks in the world... click ahead to find out!
By Paul Toscano
Posted 30 Aug 2010


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US retail imports soar despite Hanjin bankruptcy
September should see near-peak levels for import cargo volume at major US retail container ports despite retailers working to cope with the Hanjin Shipping bankruptcy.
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Voter ID Law - Laws of 2012, Chapter 289 Explanatory Document During the 2012 legislative session the legislature passed House Bill 1354, also known as the "Voter ID" Law. The new law will phase-in a photo identification requirement over a period of time. This explanatory document is required under the "Voter ID" law as part of the process of educating the public about the law's requirements and application and outlines the law's requirements for 2012. What type of photo ID will I need in order to vote? For any election before Sept. 1, 2013, you will be asked to provide one of the following: Driver's license issued by any state (even if expired); ID card issued by NH DMV (Division of Motor Vehicles); U.S. Armed Services ID card; U.S. Passport (even if expired); Valid photo ID card issued by either the federal government or a state, county or municipal government; Valid student ID card Other photo ID deemed legitimate by the supervisors of the checklist, the moderator, or the clerk; or Verification of identity by a supervisor of the checklist, the moderator or the clerk. What if I do not have an approved photo ID? Before November 1, 2012, any voter who does not present an approved photo ID will be informed of the new law and permitted to vote. Between November 1, 2012 and September 1, 2013, any voter who does not present an approved photo ID will be permitted to vote after executing a "challenged voter affidavit." A voter who does not have an approved photo ID may obtain a free photo ID for voting purposes only by presenting a voucher from their town/city clerk or the Secretary of State to any NH DMV office that issues identification. Is there any post-election action required by me after I vote without an approved photo ID? After November 1, 2012, if you filled out a "challenged voter affidavit" in order to vote on Election Day, you will receive a verification letter from the Secretary of State, requesting confirmation that you voted in the election. If you do not respond in writing to the Secretary of State within 90 days of the date it was mailed, the Attorney General will conduct an investigation to determine whether fraudulent voting occurred. Where can I get more information? Your city or town clerk or the Secretary of State
(603) 271-3242


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Tonight at Against The Stream, Saturday Zen & Yoga, Death To All Monsters
Tonight, May 12, 2011 (Thu) at 7:30 pm I'll be speaking at Against The Stream 4300 Melrose Ave, Los Angeles, CA. I'll talk about Buddhism and Dogen and sex and zen and the Three Stooges. So be there!
On Saturday May 14 there's a Zen and Yoga one-day sesshin at the Hill Street Center 237 Hill Street in Santa Monica, CA. This will be led by Nina Snow. Nina's one of my closest friends and an experienced Yoga teacher and Zen practitioner. She'll lead a one-hour Yoga session suitable for all levels of experience at the beginning of the day (10 am) followed by zazen until around 3:30 pm. I'm going to see if I can make it. I'm not sure at this point.
Why am I not sure if I can make it? Glad you asked! It's because on Saturday I am filming scenes for the movie Shoplifting From American Apparel, in which I am arguably playing the main character. I say arguably because the character I'm playing, author Tao Lin, is being played by no fewer than three people, of whom I am one. This will be a very fun and funny and weird movie. If my scenes finish early enough and if I can get a ride out to Santa Monica, I'll be at Hill Street Center before things wrap up there. If not I won't.
My talk on Tuesday at the Ventura Buddhist Temple was a whole big bunch of fun. I thought it came out pretty well. The folks in Ventura are always a good audience. They participate actively in the discussion, which is what I always look for.
And it was a gas for me because someone brought along a printed copy of my new/old book Death To All Monsters! for me to sign. That was the first time.
For those who don't know, Death To All Monsters! was my first novel. It was completed in 1998 when I lived in Japan and worked for Tsuburaya Productions. The book is available as a download or print-on-demand at the following websites:
http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/BradWarner (print-on-demand available only here)
http://tiny.cc/dgrnx (Amazon)
http://tiny.cc/g38eg (Barnes & Noble)
The downloadable e-book is only a mere $5! How can you pass up a bargain like that? The answer is you cannot.
Here's what the book is about:
When Bob Morningstar started working for Nakajima Productions, Tokyo's leading producer of trashy man-in-a-rubber-costume monster-on-the-loose movies he had no idea the job would involve danger, international espionage and the possible destruction of all life on planet Earth. Bob has a problem. It seems he sent Death To All Monsters, the legendary "lost" film starring Gorezolla, Emperor of Monsters, to Shanghai by mistake.
What's the big deal? Death To All Monsters, like every other Nakajima Productions movie, is a juvenile fantasy about the giant monster Gorezolla battling it out with one of his warty rubber enemies. But it's a very big deal to Bob's boss, Junichi "Jackie" Satsuma, chain-smoking, dirty joking veteran of the Japanese Imperial Army who treats the only surviving print of the legendary "lost film" like it was the sort of classified document he used to deal with during the war against the Yankee pigs. And it's a big deal to the Joe Tortelli, president and CEO of Great Destruction Productions, Nakajima Productions' LA based US distribution arm, a man with shady connections to the secret services. And it's a matter of major importance to Charlie Lo, thoroughly sleazy self-styled Ted Turner of Hong Kong in whose hands the missing movie has mysteriously ended up. How exactly did that happen? Could it have anything to do with BJ Cheng, Nakajima Productions' "China expert" who seems to spend most of his workday doing the Japan Times' crossword puzzle? What's his relationship with Charlie Lo, anyway? And just what is in this movie that makes it so damned valuable to everybody?
As if that's not enough, Bob's girlfriend Keiko is kidnapped by a couple of half-crazed monster fans. Their demands are simple; release Death To All Monsters to people of the world, all of whom are dying for a glimpse of this classic piece of Japanese trash science fiction. Then there's the little matter of Bob's close encounters with a certain "alien being" who just happens to resemble a man in a cheap rubber costume. The alien tells Bob that Death To All Monsters contains secrets of cosmic importance, secrets that could lead to mankind's total destruction.
Now Bob must undertake a journey through the wilds of Hollywood, the jungles of Tokyo, the mazes of Hong Kong and the slums of Calcutta to get the movie back and save his girlfriend… Or die trying.
It's fiction. But it's all true.


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gavinmdthomas needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 85 designs submitted by 16 freelance designers.
C-Store Jobs
Job board targeting people interested in convenience store (C-Store) industry. From hourly and store management positions to operations and executive level careers.
I'd like to explore the following colors:
Let designers make suggestions:
Greens: Growth, harmony and success.
Blues: Knowledge, trust, calm and honesty.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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By popular demand, the Independence Days Challenge is back! Every Friday from February - September we are challenged to work on our skill set. Anyone can join in!
****Still no rain and reports coming in are bad. The local feed store has closed - local farmers are selling off their livestock or putting them down because supposedly the animals are dying off from too much nitrogen in their feed from the lack of rain? Both beef and pork.****
The categories and my responses:
Plant something: A lot of us were trained to think of planting as done once a year, but if you start seeds, do season extension and succession plant, you'll get much, much more out of your garden, so I try and plant something every day from February into September.
Plant something:
Harvest something: Everything counts – from the milk and eggs you get from your animals to the first dandelions from your yard to 50 bushels of tomatoes – it all counts.
Harvest something:
Weeds to feed to the goats and sheep
Calendula flowers
Preserve something: Again, I find preserving is most productive if I try and do a little every day that there is anything, from the first dried raspberry leaves and jarred rhubarb to the last squashes at the end of the season.
Preserve something:
-Drying Calendula flowers, Basil
Waste not: Reducing food waste, composting everything or feeding it to animals, reducing your use of disposables and creation of garbage, reusing things that would otherwise go to waste, making sure your preserved and stored foods are kept in good shape – all of these count.
Waste Not:
-Fed chickens, dog and cats scraps; composted unfeedable scraps
-free range grazing the sheep and tethering the goats
-using weeds to mulch plants as I weed & to feed to goats, sheep and chickens
Want Not: Adding to your food storage or stash of goods for emergencies, building up resources that will be useful in the long term.
Want Not:
-48 bags scratch grains = 6 month supply
-3 large round bales of hay (plus another 60 square bales around in storage) = 1 winter's supply
-bought shorts, shirts, pants at thrift shop for kids
-bought a shirt for me that i'll be bleaching and dyeing with walnut hulls soon
-bought shorts, shirts, pants at thrift shop for kids
-bought a shirt for me that i'll be bleaching and dyeing with walnut hulls soon
Eat the Food: Making full and good use of what you have, making sure that you are getting everything you can from your food, trying new recipes and new cooking ideas, eating out of your storage!
Eat the Food:
-eating eggs and milk
-food from farmer's market: free range chicken and beef, okra, green beans, onions, tomatoes, zucchini, watermelon, eggplant, kale, peppers
Build community food systems: What have you done to help other people have better food access or to make your local food system more resilient?
Build Community Food Systems:
-offering milk and eggs to my community
-bartering with friends at market: eggs and soap for produce
-teaching kids about herbs
-taught class about medicinal and edible weeds to kids at The Nature Institute
And a new one: Skill up: What did you learn this week that will help you in the future – could be as simple as fixing the faucet or as hard as building a shed, as simple as a new way of keeping records or as complicated as making shoes. Whatever you are learning, you get a merit badge for it – this is important stuff.
Skill Up:


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VoiceThread conversations are an answer to the question:
"Do I really need to schedule a meeting about this?"
No you don't. VoiceThread delivers full-spectrum human presence in an unscheduled and easy-to-use format.
The voice is a critical component of all high-value transactions. All job interviews, enterprise sales, training, professional development, and large and small team collaborations demand some kind voice interaction for a reason. VoiceThreading delivers voice and all its value in an intuitive and unscheduled format.
When you discuss media within a VoiceThread rather than email or discussion boards, you replace the confusing back-and-forth with a structure that is much more efficient and easy to comprehend. People who come late to a VoiceThread conversation see, hear, and understand quickly.
VoiceThread stores your original file when uploaded, which allows you to host a discussion about large PowerPoints, Photoshop, and Illustrator and image files while giving your team the ability to download the original to view and work in it's native form.
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So Happy Together - Fun with themed seed packs
- Written by Submitted by Molbak's
There are a zillion seeds out there just waiting to be planted, to grow, to delight. If you want a simple way to create a well-thought-out mini-garden filled with character and variety, reach for the ease and convenience of themed seed packets.
Inside a themed seed packet you'll find an assortment of carefully selected seeds that are proven to coexist happily, side by side. Whether you want to grow a mini-garden overflowing with gorgeous flowers or a container filled with delicious, fresh herbs and veggies, there are plenty of themed seed packets to get you started quickly.
Here are just a few of our favorite themes and inspired ideas for how to have fun with these delightful mixes:
Nurture & Conserve
Earth Day is April 22! Celebrate with seed collections that do their part to conserve precious resources and help nurture nature along. Botanical Interests® offers a Save the Bees mix filled with fragrant herbs and beautiful flowers that attract and provide food for honeybees. They also carry a Water-Wise Mix filled with highly adaptable, drought-tolerant plant varieties.
Gift idea: For an eco-conscious friend, arrange these earth-friendly goodies in a colorful biodegradable bamboo pot: garden gloves made from recycled water bottles, a rain gauge, a reusable water bottle and a packet of Water-Wise Seed Mix.
Flutter & Float
For the child at heart, there are plenty of playful mixes that will lure delightful creatures into your garden. Choose from themed seed packets that grow into irresistible gardens for hummingbirds, songbirds or butterflies. Botanical Interests also carries a Fairy Meadow mix that's so enchanting, it just might open your eyes to the magic of fairies.
Gift idea: Does your mother love watching hummingbirds flit about? If so, nest a pretty hummingbird feeder, some lovely aviary-themed notecards and a packet of Hummingbird Haven Seed inside a rustic gift basket. It's a Mother's Day gift that will make her heart soar.
Harvest & Enjoy
Few things are more satisfying than bringing homegrown herbs, vegetables and flower bouquets straight from your garden into your kitchen. Try a trio of fragrant basils; a hearty mix of corn, beans and squash; or a gourmet mix of baby greens for fresh summer salads. And for that empty corner of your veggie garden? Scatter a packet of Grandmother's Cut Flower Garden Seed from Renee's Garden and enjoy a charming mix of old-fashioned flowers, perfect for tabletop bouquets.
Gift idea: Celebrate sisterhood by giving a friend a brightly colored colander filled with recipe cards, a cookbook of Northwest favorites, and a pack of Native American Three Sisters Garden seeds from Renee's Garden. According to Iroquois legend, corn, beans and squash are three inseparable sisters who grow and thrive together. What could be more appropriate for a dear friend?


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Short, sweet, and to the point. Imagine owning a domain name for your business that succintly says what you're all about. Short domains bacames assets and real estate of web.
The right domain name can attract customers to your site without expensive awareness marketing, campaigns and can even boost your natural search rankings in all search engines
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Protectamark necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 158 diseños de 37 diseñadores freelance.
I am an attorney who specializes in the clearance and registration of trademarks. My website is called protectamark.com and I will offer companies and individuals an affordable alternative to those document preparation companies. Instead, a lawyer will conduct the work on the clients behalf. The services will include trademark clearance searches, trademark registration services, and packages for both search and registration. I will also have a copyright registration services incorporated as well, but the focus is trademarks (hence the name).
Any company that has a trademark or servicemark - which is everyone. Broad market, but focused niche of trademark clearance and registration service.
I would like the logo to be professional and fairly conservative since it is related to a law firm. I don't want it to look like a tech company, so nothing too flashy or over the top. Any design elements should be fairly simplex and nothing overly distracting. I tend to prefer color schemes such as 1) dark blues, light blues and grays, or 2) blacks and silvers (not a shiny silver look though, just silvery tone). I like the name Protectamark as one word, but I could also envision it being designed so that it appears to be three separate words PROTECT A MARK. Perhaps a design element as a separator or stylization?
I don't really have a specific example in mind, but as the designs come in I will give feedback as to the looks that I like.
The symbol for a registered trademark is an R in a circle. I realize there are two Rs in the name at equal ends of the words. Therefore, you might be able to do something creative with that; however, most of the logos that I have seen which incorporate the R in a circle tend to look pretty cheesy, so???
Finally, the name is protectamark, but the website is protectamark.com. Not sure whether I want the logo to include the .com? Feel free to play around with it both ways.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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A visit to Madrid is an opportunity to discover the many faces of the city which bear the imprint of its past. From mediaeval times to the neoclassical Madrid established by the Bourbon dynasty, and including what is known as the Madrid of Los Austrias. A city whose history has endowed it with a variety of architectural styles.
Royal Palace in Madrid
If you want to get to know Spain and Spanish culture, then Madrid is a destination not to be missed. This is not simply on account of the Prado Museum, one of the world's finest art galleries. This capital city is a living reflection of the diversity and variety that are so characteristic of Spain. It is happy and dynamic, and the vitality of its streets, by day and night, is infectious. Discover this open, welcoming city, where no one is a stranger. Madrid will never leave you indifferent.
Madrid is located in the heart of Spain, in the geographical centre of the country. A lot can be said about Madrid, because in this city, everything goes. It is modern yet traditional, majestic yet popular, lively yet peaceful. More than anything else it is a haven of culture. Madrid is one of the world capitals for art. Its museums, headed by the Prado, and its rich, diverse heritage and monuments, make it a unique cultural destination not to be missed.
A walk with the great artistic geniuses
If you enjoy art, you will find that Madrid is a vital stop on your trip. Here you can admire the great names and masterpieces of universal art, together on one unique itinerary: The "Paseo del Arte" (Art Route). The Prado Museum, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and the Reina Sofía National Museum are all located close together. Their collections will enable you to explore different artistic movements and styles from the 16th to the 20th centuries: Velázquez, Goya, El Greco, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Cezanne, Picasso, Kandinsky… The great works on display in these museums await you for a magical, unforgettable encounter.
If you have time, apart from these three main galleries, we would also recommend a visit to any of the other art centres and special exhibitions to be found around the city. Their quality is sure to satisfy all your cultural curiosity. Caixa Forum Madrid, the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Art and the Casa de Alba Foundation have collections with works of incalculable value; the Museum of the Americas and the Armoury at the Royal Palace, considered as one of the world's most outstanding, are just a few examples worth discovering.
Culture in the open air
Another outstanding attraction of the city of Madrid are its historic monuments and architecture. Strolling around the city you will have the sensation of being in an open-air museum which reflects Madrid's evolution towards the modern capital it is today.
The central area is one of the favourites among locals on account of its bohemian character and historic flavour. It is called "old Madrid" and the best way to explore it is on foot. Take a stroll around its streets and squares, packed with taverns, restaurants and traditional shops; immerse yourself in the unusual atmosphere of the busy Puerta del Sol Square; enjoy its most beautiful spots, such as the famous Plaza Mayor Square with its summer terrace bars…
You will soon find out that Madrid's most emblematic places are also those best loved by the local people. Just come and see for yourself. Madrid is not just monuments and famous historic sites, however. There is much more to do, with places to have fun, go shopping, sample different foods from around the world, or simply relax. The Royal Palace, Casa de la Villa House, Plaza de Cibeles Square, the Teatro Real Theatre, the Gran Vía, Puerta de Alcalá Gate, Retiro Park, Plaza de España Square… These are all places where you will be able to feel the city's rhythm and intensity to the full.
It would also be unforgivable not to leave time to sample Madrid's famous regional gastronomy. There is a broad choice of dishes, including huevos estrellados (fried eggs and potatoes mixed together), cocido (chickpea casserole), patatas bravas (potatoes with spicy sauce), potato omelette and all kinds of fish dishes. Madrid boasts Europe's best fish market. Apart from the food itself, the best thing is the price, available to suit every budget. You can choose restaurants from the most avant-garde to those specialising in traditional cuisine. There are also bars and taverns where the tapas are not to be missed – this is a typical Spanish social custom which means you can sample a huge range of different delicacies.
Come and discover all that the Spanish capital has to offer. You are sure to want to come back.
If you found this article interesting, you can find more information on the city of Madrid at: - Green Madrid - A stroll around Madrid's Royal Palace - The "Art Route", a world of painting within easy reach - Gastronomic routes in Madrid
Har denna information varit dig till nytta?
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Digital Scrapbooking: The Story Behind The Photo
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MACON, Ga. (Feb. 3, 2010) - Senior Kenneth Rotich (Nairobi, Kenya) ran his way to the 3000m title at the Liberty Open this past weekend, and on Wednesday afternoon the Buccaneer scholar-athlete received Atlantic Sun Runner of the Week honors.
With cold temperatures and snow flying outside the Tolsma Track Center, Rotich heated things up on the track as the Kenyan sensation dominated the 21-man field with a top time of 8:27.79. The engineering technology major, who was racing in the 3000m for the first time all season, beat his nearest competitor by over 10 seconds. Rotich's time is also eight seconds faster than any A-Sun competitor in 2009-10.
Rotich, who claimed his second Runner of the Year award this past October in cross country, captured his first weekly honor of the season and the second of his career during the indoor season.
The Atlantic Sun Conference is an 11-member league committed to Building Winners for Life. The A-Sun stands for achievement with integrity in both the academic and athletic arenas, with a focus on the balance between the two for our student-athletes. Headquartered in Macon, Ga., the A-Sun boasts six of the top eight media markets in the Southeast. The A-Sun includes a blend of the most prestigious and dynamic private and public institutions in the region: Belmont University, Campbell University, East Tennessee State University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Jacksonville University, Kennesaw State University, Lipscomb University, Mercer University, University of North Florida, University of South Carolina Upstate and Stetson University.
The Buccaneer track and field team returns to action this weekend, as Duronal Monal (Belle Glade, Fla.) and Mike James (Palm Bay, Fla.) head up to Blacksburg to compete in the Virginia Tech Elite Meet.
For more information on Buccaneer track and field, visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


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Three days after the Dolphins' locker room sent strong messages of support to guard Richie Incognito and no messages of support to tackle Jonathan Martin, reporters returned to the locker room and, for the first time, a player on the team publicly has said he'd welcome Martin back.
Via Bart Hubbuch of the New York Post, the endorsement came from cornerback Dmitri Patterson.
The well-traveled veteran, undrafted the same year Incognito joined the NFL as a third-round draft pick, joined the Dolphins in 2012, the same year Martin arrived.
"Definitely, I would," Patterson said regarding whether he'd welcome back Martin.
Patterson is the first player to swing the door open for Martin. It could take plenty more before Martin would ever be able to walk back into the locker room.
Cornerback Brent Grimes said merely that he hopes the situation ends soon. "I can't escape this," Grimes said. "I was trying to watch Comedy Central last night and they had something on this sh-t."
Grimes presumably is referring to The Daily Show, which put the situation under the microscope with the same blend of humor and common sense that it brings to every topic that lands in Jon Stewart's radar.
The fact that the story has landed on Stewart's radar confirms how big it has become. The next question is whether it continues to have legs even after a Sunday of games.
Given that it has crossed over from sports story to a mainstream news story, it's safe to say that this one will remain in the public eye at least until Martin's future with the team is decided, Incognito's future with the team is decided, and the NFL issues its reports and metes out any discipline and announces any and all changes to locker-room culture and conduct.


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|Haynes Publishing Group
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|Haynes 24081
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Chevrolet & GMC Full-size vans (96-10) (USA)
Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana full-size vans 1996 to 2010. Does not include information specific to all wheel drive, diesel or 8.1L engine models.
PLEASE NOTE that these manuals are intended for petrol engine cars (except where diesel is specifically mentioned) built to US specifications. Whilst many of them are useful for the same make and model of car built for other markets, such vehicles may have different features, especially in areas concerned with safety and emission control. Please also note that these manuals have a soft (paperback) cover.
Book number: 24081
ISBN number: 038345240812


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that thing sure has alot of hatches tony.
|Administered by The Pirate
that thing sure has alot of hatches tony.
I can tell you what I did today on my neighbor's boat. I cursed at it hoping the electric would get fixed!!
Carpet is getting ripped out now and we are replacing all the wood paneling in the master stateroom.
We tore the master stateroom down to bare wood framing to make some repairs from some long past window leaks... We located some rot in the very far port corner and ripped out all the rot and that unfortunately means that the built in drawers got demolished.
New nearly matching paneling is installed... doesn't look too bad... total cost less than $400...
It's not too bad overall.... Gibson did an good job on making this easy to repair.. We'll be putting brand new panel in and carpeting down tomorrow...
I think that instead of putting the drawers back we'll leave that space open for a nice reading nook and ultra comfy chair... We'll build a custom bed frame with drawers to replace the lost storage.
Last edited by DitchRider; 07-26-2012 at 07:01 PM. Reason: added images
I fixed my electrical issues!!!!!
Have not done anything so far, but as soon as my plane lands and drive out there I plan to sit up on the roof and have a cold one (or two).
We ended up spending the biggest part of Saturday last weekend cleaning up all the spider doo to an acceptable level. The spiders have been absolutely horrible this year!! After the cleansing I sprayed it all down with Bifen and to our satisfaction on Sunday the only spiders to be found were all the "dead spiders". We're seriously hoping that when we get back to the boat sometime today we can settle right down and enjoy it without having to spend a lot of time chasing cobwebs throughout the entire exterior of the boat.
well lets see. the new boat(to us) arrived 4 hours late tuesday,1/2 block before the ramp the hauler tore the horns and all the wiring for them from the roof.his words were" i thought it looked close".the new gel coat was still tacky when they shipped it,the road grime in it now has to be rubbed out with comet and simple green. the marina said it was the wax coming to the surface that was making it tacky thus the comet and simple green. i hope to have it all done by this weekend.all in all,just another fun week..........lol
I am sorry I just missed you the other weekend. Did the hauler pay for the horns?
After shopping to weeks I decided on the Good F850C anchor windlass and pivoting anchor roller for our 50'er.
Special thanks to Tom at Good Windlass for excellent support and a fair price and excellent service from a Made in the USA company!!!! Way to go and Thanks!!!
Look for pictures as soon as we get it installed and rigged up on M/V DitchRider..


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I love making my own homemade pizza dough, so I figured it was about time I made my own flatbread as well!
Flatbread is the thin and crispy sibling of pizza that is perfect for topping with a number of delicious ingredients! I made this homemade basil flatbread as the base for my Grilled Peach Flatbread with Goat Cheese and Balsamic Reduction. The result was crisp perfection!


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National Nursing Home Week, which began on Mother's Day and ends May 18, is a special week to recognize "Team Care: Everyone Pitches In!"
Today's skilled nursing care facilities (a.k.a. "nursing homes") encourage resident and family involvement in designing a personalized, resident-centered care plan - a program of medical, therapy, nutrition and social activities. Participation in care is the best way to ensure residents and families are satisfied with the quality of care that they receive.
This year's theme of "Team Care: Everyone Pitches In!" is a perfect backdrop to visit loved ones, friends, and neighbors residing in a skilled nursing care facility. If you can't visit, do something else like make a phone call, send a greeting card or flowers. This special attention will make someone's day!
Richard J. Herrick
President & CEO
NYS Health Facilities Association


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TOPEKA, Kan. (WIBW)–Several Easter egg hunts are taking place in northeast Kansas on Saturday.
Here is a list of some that you can head out to:
Parks and Rec Easter Egg Hunts on Saturday:
-9 a.m. Auburn Community Center, 121 W 11th St., Auburn; Ages 1-9
-11 a.m. Garfield Community Center, 1600 NE Quincy; Ages 1-10
-12 p.m. Shawnee North Community Center, 300 NE 43rd; Ages 9 and under
-1:30 p.m. Central Park Community Center, 1534 SW Clay; Ages 1-10
-2 p.m. Dover Community Center, 5928 SW Douglas Road; Ages 1-9
For more information visit www.parksandrec.snco.us or call 267-1156.
Fairlawn Plaza Easter Eggstravaganza
The event is Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Fairlawn Plaza Mall. It will feature an appearance by the Easter Bunny and an opportunity for families to have their child's picture professionally taken for only $8.00. Each child will receive one egg which includes a chocolate treat and coupons to various Fairlawn Plaza merchants upon arrival.
NOTO Easter Parade
The NOTO Arts District Easter Parade is Saturday from noon to 2 p.m. in the NOTO Arts District. It will feature an Easter Hat Contest. Hats can be pretty, outrageous, elegant or whatever the wearer desires. They should be handmade or hand decorated. Participants will go around to NOTO shops and galleries showing off their hats. The best hat will win a cash prize. Registration for the event goes from 11:30 a.m. to noon at Kaw River Mercantile.
Several NOTO shops will be open with specials and surprises. The Easter Bunny will also be available for photos.
Topeka Zoo Animal Easter Egg Hunt
The Topeka Zoo is hosting an eggstravagant Easter egg hunt for the furry friends at the zoo. Staff will hide eggs in various animal exhibits from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Saturday. Catch your favorite animal hunting for eggs at the times listed below.
9:15–Otters (paper mache eggs and hard boiled eggs)
9:30–Mt Lions (painted cantaloupes)
10:15–Bears (paper mache)
10:30–Coyote (paper mache)
11:15–Tigers (paper mache)
11:30–Elephants (paper mache and painted cantaloupes)
11:45–Lions (paper mache)
12:00–Dogs (hard boiled eggs)
12:30–Orangutans (paper mache eggs and hard boiled eggs)
1:00–Gorilla (paper mache eggs and hard boiled eggs)
1:30–Giraffe feeding (hanging paper mache egg in yard for them)
2:00–Porcupine (paper mache)
2:15–Hippo (painted cantaloupes)
2:45–Golden Lion Tamarin (hard boiled eggs)
3:00–Bobcat (paper mache)
Westminster Boswell Park Easter Egg Hunt
Children toddler age through 5th grade are invited to Boswell Park, near 13th and Boswell, for an Easter egg hunt put on by Westminster Presbyterian Church on Saturday. The hunt begins at 11 a.m. For more information, visit www.westminstertopeka.com.
Manhattan Adult Easter Egg Hunt
Registration begins at 6 p.m. for the Adult Easter Egg Hunt on Saturday at Memorial Stadium in Manhattan. The Hunt begins at 6:30 p.m. Tickets are $20 and benefit the Manhattan Area Habitat for Humanity.


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The moral hand is a metaphor of five basic ethical principles, one for each finger, summarizing coherent ethic. It is the result of a ten year study of ethics and it captures my complete ethical system. Each principle generates a principle of equality. To start a discussion on e.g. animal rights and veganism, I will apply the five principles to our consumption of animal products.
-The thumb: the principle of universalism. You must (may) do what everyone who is capable must (may) do in all morally similar situations towards all morally equal individuals. Prejudicial discrimination is immoral. We should give the good example, even if others don't. Just like we have to place the thumb against the other fingers in order to grasp an object, we have to apply the principle of universalism to the other four basic principles.
-The forefinger: justice and the value of lifetime well-being. Increase the well-being (over a complete life) of all sentient beings alive in the present and the future, whereby improvements of the worst-off positions (the worst sufferers, the beings who have the worst lives) have a strong priority. Lifetime well-being is the value you would ascribe when you would live the complete life of a sentient being, and is a function of all positive (and negative) feelings that are the result of (dis)satisfaction of preferences: of of everything (not) wanted by the being.
-The middle finger: the mere means principle and the basic right to bodily autonomy. Never use the body of a sentient being as merely a means to someone else's ends, because that violates the right to bodily autonomy. The two words "mere means" refer to two conditions, respectively: 1) if in order to reach and end (e.g. saving someone) you push a sentient being to do or undergo something that the being does not want, and 2) if the body of that sentient being is necessary as a means for that end, then you are not allowed to treat that being in that way. A sentient being is a being who has developed the capacity to want something by having positive and negative feelings, and who has not yet permanently lost this capacity. The middle finger is a bit longer than the forefinger, and so the basic right is a bit stronger than the lifetime well-being (e.g. the right to live). The basic right can only be violated when the forefinger principle of well-being is seriously threatened.
-The ring finger: naturalness and the value of biodiversity. If a behavior violates the forefinger or middle finger principles, the behavior is still allowed (but not obligatory) only if that behavior is both natural (a direct consequence of spontaneous evolution), normal (frequent) and necessary (important for the survival of sentient beings). As a consequence predators are allowed to hunt. Just as lifetime well-being is the value of a sentient being, biodiversity is the value of an ecosystem and is a function of the variation of life forms and processes that are a direct consequence of natural evolution. The valuable biodiversity would drastically decrease if a behavior that is natural, normal and necessary would be universally prohibited (universally, because you have to put the thumb against the ring finger).
-The little finger: tolerated partiality and the value of personal relationships. Just as the little finger can deviate a little bit from the other fingers, a small level of partiality is allowed. When helping others, you are allowed to be a bit partial in favor of your loved ones, as long as you are prepared to tolerate similar levels of partiality of everyone else (everyone, because you have to put the thumb against the little finger).
-The palm: universal love and solidarity. Do not hate or despise anyone. Love all living beings with respect and compassion. The palm holds the moral fingers together.
The forefinger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger correspond with resp. a welfare ethic, a rights ethic, an environmental ethic and an ethic of care.
These five fingers produce five principles of equality.
-The thumb: the formal principle of impartiality and antidiscrimination. We should treat all equals equally in all equal situations. We should not look at arbitrary characteristics linked to individuals. This is a formal principle, because it does not say how we should treat someone. The other four principles are material principles of equality. They have specific content and are generated when the thumb is applied to the four fingers.
-The forefinger: the principle of priority for the worst-off. As a result of this priority, we have an egalitarian principle of well-being: if total lifetime well-being is constant between different situations, then the situation which has the most equal distribution of well-being is the best.
-The middle finger: basic right equality. All sentient beings with equal levels of morally relevant mental capacities get an equal claim to the basic right not to be used as merely a means to someone else's ends.
-The ring finger: behavioral fairness. All natural beings have an equal right to a behavior that is both natural, normal and necessary (i.e. a behavior that contributes to biodiversity). E.g. if a prey is allowed to eat in order to survive, a predator is allowed to do so as well (even if it means eating the prey).
-The little finger: tolerated choice equality. Everyone is allowed to be partial to an equal degree that we can tolerate. If you choose to help individual X instead of individual Y, and if you tolerate that someone else would choose to help Y instead of X, then X and Y have a tolerated choice equality (even if X is emotionally more important for you than Y).
The five moral fingers can be applied to the production and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, eggs, dairy, leather, fur,…):
-The forefinger: compared to humans, livestock animals are in the worst-off position due to suffering and early death. The loss of lifetime well-being of the livestock animals is worse than the loss of well-being that humans would experience when they are no longer allowed to consume animal products. Livestock and fisheries violate the forefinger principle of well-being.
-The middle finger: the consumption of animal products almost always involves the use of animals as merely means, hence violating the mere means principle of the middle finger.
-The ring finger: animal products are not necessary for humans, because a well-planned vegan diet is not unhealthy (according to the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics). Biodiversity will not decrease when we would stop consuming animal products (on the contrary, according to UN FAO the livestock sector is likely the most important cause of biodiversity loss). Hence, the value of biodiversity cannot be invoked to justify the consumption of animal products.
-The little finger: we would never tolerate the degree of partiality that is required to justify livestock farming and fishing. Hence, tolerated partiality cannot be invoked to justify the consumption of animal products.
It follows that veganism is ethically consistent, and the production and consumption of animal products are ethically inconsistent.
-The thumb: give the good example, even when other people continue consuming animal products. From this principle, it follows that veganism is a moral duty.
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I think this is very interesting.
I am coming to the conclusion that those people who have a need for rules are those most easily persuaded by religious dogma. It seems to provide them with a structure by which they can live their lives. Not all people work well with rules. People who eschew rules unless they accord with their own understanding of morality, possibly find atheism a more valuable approach to life, functioning better without an externally provided route map.
For those who prefer clear and structured externally provided guidelines under which to operate, something like the Moral Hand that you have explained very clearly above, might be the solution for their needs.
Thanks for taking the time to post this.
I don't think your first sentence applies to me :-) I have a need for rules, but I am definitely not the moest easily persuaded by religious dogmas. Nevertheless, my search for a coherent ethical system was partly driven by the idea of finding an alternative for some religious ethic. As a former physicist, I approaced ethics as is approached physics and science looking for basic, unifying rules. The system of the moral hand is the end result of a lot of citical reflection on my moral intuitions. I took moral intuitions as input data, used the method of universalism to construct a coherent system, and threw away the weak moral intuitions that are not compatible with the coherent system, as moral illusions. So every moral intuition and judgment was subject to critical thinking. For example, the intuitions behind discrimination, especially speciesism, are moral illusions for a lot of people; those people have an inconsistent ethical system. Discussions with religious believers are now in some way very similar to discussions with speciesists; it comes down to inconsistencies
I'm not sure if the hand is as philosophically profound as that, but it reads well.
True, Pope Paul, but you have to at least consider the potential - especially if you are considering it as an alternative to religious teachings. I'm willing to bet that you aren't a rule-addict. I'm not, in a big way. But for those that are, this might be a reasonable substitute for ancient obfuscated texts.
Tolerance is only intolerant of intolerance. But since there exists a majority of those whose ideals are different than what is mentioned above, these well thought out stances tend to flail in the wind of day to day life.
Your principles are admirable, but your comment
"It follows that veganism is ethically consistent, and the production and consumption of animal products are ethically inconsistent."
leaves you with the question; What do you do with those who do not believe the same as you do?
If you were King of the World, you would stop consumption of animals. But you are not KotW, and the majority stakeholders of the world do not believe as you do. So it is not a question of what do you do with them, but what do they do with you? I believe you are on the right side of history, but I also think that you have a hard road ahead breaking through the millennia of built up industry, finance, and infrastructure of those who oppose you.
You are not the first to travel this path, look up Invisible Dictatorship
[t]here is only one power and one dictatorship whose organisation is salutary and feasible: it is that collective, invisible dictatorship of those who are allied in the name of our principle. -Mikhail Bakunin
what I do with those who do not believe the same as I do?
First, I look at common grounds, moral intuitions that we share, and in a lot of cases, I see that people already share some moral intuitions, putting them together in a consistent way brings the resulting ethical system very close to my system of the moral hand. So people who do not believe in veganism often already believe in sufficient moral judgments that will bring them to veganism as a logical conclusion and to speciesism as a moral illusion.
Then there are people who do not share my basic moral intuitions and judgments. These people can construct an ethical system that is consistent, but very different from mine. In that case, all I will keep on doing is trying to convince them of some basic moral judgments, trying to trigger their empathy,... Rational discussions with them will lead to nowhere if they have different basic moral values. Luckily, most people I know have basic moral values that I share and that underlie my argument for veganism. But the same is actually true with most religious believers that we know: they already share our epistemic values and virtues. The problem is, they have illusions, they have blind spots, their beliefs are inconsistent with their own epistemic values. In theory, they can be convinced with logical, rational arguments, but in pracice, due to their psychology.... But at least they share our epistemic values, which means they are not totally crazy :-) We have to celebrate their epistemic values.
The five moral fingers can be applied to the production and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, eggs, dairy, leather, fur,…):
This is your application of the "Moral Hand" approach, and I am sorry that I did not make my post clearer. It is the first part of your post with which I concerned myself with. I'm not a vegan or a vegetarian. I love my steaks and I'm not about to change my chicken intake either.
Just to be clear...
I see a bunch of stipulations functioning as premises. I don't need to act based on unproven premises.
You also have a problem right from the outset with vicious circularity. You are basically attempting to prove a moral or ethical theory by appealing to it. For example: You must (may) do what everyone who is capable must (may) do in all morally similar situations towards all morally equal individuals. Prejudicial discrimination is immoral.
And what is this ambiguity between "must" and "may" all about?
All ethical systems are subjective to some degree (usually a large degree), but being subjective to any degree totally takes away their universal applicability and they become someone's personal code.
In the end, ethics is about people's attitudes, not objective facts.
Finally, an ethic that doesn't help one in a real situation where a quick decision is required is merely an academic exercise. Your system doesn't even lend itself to a pocket card version.
I suspect your entire purpose is to arrive at something like "be nice to animals," but all that argumentation isn't helpful. If I go out to back my car out of the driveway and I notice that a cat is asleep behind my rear tire, whether I shoo the cat away before starting my car has nothing to do with my ethics and everything to do with who, over my lifetime, I have become.
the five principles are not themselves premises, but are the end result of some thinking based on premises. And these premises were moral intuitions that I have and share with a lot of other people.
There is no ambiguity between must and may, I tried to capture the idea in one sentence, but in fact it should read as two sentences, one with the word "must", one with "may"
Ethics is indeed about attitudes, not objective facts. The only thing I did is start with those attitudes and see if you can make them consistent, using some restrictions, such as the universality criterion.
The five moral fingers are compatible with some heuristics or rules of thumb for quick decision making. In fact, they can be used to test the reliability of rules of thumb. And sometimes we see that some rules of thumb, some moral heuristics, misfire, generating moral illusions. If you are interested, read the sections on moral illusions in http://stijnbruers.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/the-ethical-consiste...
The purpose was not to arrive at "be nice to animals". the only purpose was to arrive at a coherent system that best fits my strongest moral intuitions. Be nice to animals happens to be a result.
It's bad logic to more or less assume within your argument what you are attempting to prove. If you are attempting to arrive at a moral conclusion, you must eschew terms like "immoral," "wrong," etc.
But let's say it's not a true proof, then why present it as though you've generated a new theory of ethics, in which case it's something everyone should consider?
Simply because attitudes are consistent and can be formed into an argument, that doesn't make them good.
Those who exploit common people are criminals.
Criminals must be destroyed.
Jews exploit common people.
Thus, Jews are criminals.
Thus, Jews must be destroyed.
You have to argue with facts, not attitudes.
The whole concept of "sentience" is difficult to apply. Literally, it means "to be possessed of senses." Normally, one has to resort to assuming it, because, if sentience means being in possession of senses, the only senses we shall ever know are our own. Also, how far down the evolutionary chain to attribute senses? Amoebas and ferns seem able to respond to changes in their environment, implying some level of sensory perception.
Recent research shows that plants act in their environment much like animals only slower, battling each other for territory, conducting what can only be described as war. This happens not only above ground but, often, down in the soil as well. Roots forage for nutritional resources, too. The parallels with animals are striking.
Claiming that plants aren't sentient is becoming a losing battle. It's only by using analogies with ourselves (human-centrism) that we can favor animals over plants. The main difference is that animals are animals (animate beings) whereas plants are stationary (or planted). Animals can run, plants can't.
indeed, from the perspective of my ethical system, consistency of attitudes is not sufficient for moral goodness. The rule "be selfish" is consistent, but violates my basic moral intuitions. But I claim that a lot of other people already have similar moral intuitions, and that making their attitutes consistent results i e.g. veganism.
Indeed, I can only be sure of my own feelings, but that is not human-centrism, but egocentrism. All I'm asking is that we attribute sentience to others in a consistent way. No-one believes that s/he is the only sentient being in the world. I attribute sentience to you. Attributing sentience to plants, based on their self-recognition and communication, would not be consistent with not attributing sentience to our immune system, to computers,... However, the recent experiments on fish make it possible to consistently attribute sentience to fish, because they do something more than those plants, something that I can more strongly couple to my own feelings if I had similar behavior. see page 101 in http://stijnbruers.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/the-ethical-consiste...
It strikes me that the five fingers, when wrapped around a dick and moved, exactly follow the philosophical masturbation I just read.


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Discussion of Daily Sudoku puzzles
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Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 275
Location: Munich
Posted: Sun Aug 07, 2005 11:02 am
Post subject: Difficulty of a SuDoku position
I would be glad for ideas of how to measure the difficulty of a SuDoku position. I have something in mind, but would be glad for any suggestion.
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Max Beran
Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 1:54 pm
Post subject:
My candidate for this role is a simple summation of all the number of possibilities in all the unsolved cells. The rationale is that it is the number that you're trying to whittle down to zero so on average the higher the number from any position then the greater the effort required to do the whittling.
I've done a reasonable amount of work and it certainly isn't perfect. Numbers over 210 are certainly taxing and below 180 tend to be a doddle.
BUT, and this is a big but, it is not necessarily successful in identifying cases with cunningly hidden triplets or xy-chains so it may even be possible to construct a puzzle that is fiendish to solve but has quite a low score.
Then there's the additional problem of an objective measure to compare it with. One might have hoped that the computer solutions would provide ideal numbers with which to calibrate any score such as the one I've been working with. But this turns out not to be so. The practised eye can spot ways of rapidly depleting the "candidate score" (which is what I've termed the above summation) but the poor old computer has to slog through with laborious applications of simple rules.
Another point worth mentioning is that there is 0.95 correlation between the candidate score and the current number of filled cells (which is of course hugely less work to compute).
I'd love to hear your idea.
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Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 275
Location: Munich
Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 2:07 pm
Post subject:
here some other comments on this subjects (that I have exchanged) with someone else:
How about "average number of possibilities per spot" after doing a first pass of cleaning out the obvious impossibilities (where that digit is already present in the row/column/box)?
The cleaning - I call the "exclude" of a number for a cell. Meaning that it can not be there. Than the process of "excluding" has 2 phases:
1. the, let's call them direct excludes. You called them "obvious impossibilities".
2. the, let's call them indirect excludes. I have analysed this kind of excludes and think that I have found them all.
So, trying to solve a position (without a program) you will tend to use (because of the optic) only the first category, and only when you don't find a number, you will have to start thinking about the second category.
What about getting to evaluate a position with a single number, something like the entropy ?!
If you know the game mastermind, you will have to select the question that induces the minimum entropy, or in other words, gets the maximum of information, independent of the oponents response.
Ok. I think that the difficulty of a game should be measured as the sum of the difficulties of each step. One step is finding a number in a cell and than we get to the next step (except when we found the last number).
Now we reduced the problem to define the difficulty for a step, of a position. Here we will have a set of possibilities out of all that are left. This ones can be of 2 kinds. The first - simple, that can be found after we did the direct Excludes and second - complex, that can be found ONLY when doing the indirect Excludes. Now the difficulty is dependent on the number of indirect excludes we have to do.
The question is: how should I quantify the "indirect" excludes and their numbers and their dependency (meaning that a indirect exclude is a prerequirement of a second indirect exclude, etc).
When you try to get the 11 numbers that can be found with "logic" only, out of the following:
meaning trying to solve the first 11 numbers, you will understand better that I mean. This diffiulty is of course refering to humans and not computer programs.
Any feedback, ideas ?!
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Max Beran
Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 3:35 pm
Post subject:
Not sure if your last posting was addressed to me as it mentioned "obvious impossibilities", not a term that appears in my piece.
Anyway, a few instant reactions -
1. Why average when it is the total that matters. You could at a late stage in the solution arrive at a point where the remaining cells still have a fair number of possibilities even though they rapidly melt away. It seems obvious to me that an average of 4 possibilities over 55 cells is a hugely different proposition than an average of 4 over 5 cells.
2. Why exclude obvious excludes - they are part of what makes a puzzle hard or easy? If the setter is kind enough to make the solver's life easy, it seems actually misleading to engineer a score that gives the impression that it is harder than it is.
3. Some measure of dispersion or non-intersection could be useful and I was trying to dream them up - nearest neighbour statistics in a row-col-box space. Would it operate on the the filled or unfilled cells? Is a dispersed set harder than a clustered disposition of the same number of cells? I would speculate that if the given cells are strongly interconnected (whatever that might convert to quantitatively) then the puzzle will be that much harder.
4. Is the object a measure of the difficulty of the current situation (as your initial post implied) or of the original puzzle as set? And if the latter, do you seek a measure that can be obtained by the puzzler from inspection of the cells as they stand (to check if it's worth their while attempting it), or is it a score that the setter can quote having solved the puzzle manually or by program? These all have a bearing on the approach I think. Mepham of DT says that the assignment of difficulty category is subjective.
I'll have a look at your puzzle and see if it sparks any further comment.
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Joined: 04 Aug 2005
Posts: 9
Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 5:53 pm
Post subject:
I think the product, rather than the sum, might be a better measure.
Or take the log of the product, if you like.
What do you think of that idea?
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Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 6:44 pm
Post subject:
schwa wrote:
I think the product, rather than the sum, might be a better measure.
Or take the log of the product, if you like.
What do you think of that idea?
I will calculate like to calculate it with my program.
I have also about 200 table as test data.
Getting the results, and taking a close look at them will bring me to a better definition. The point is that is should measure the "difficulty" for a human (as I said before).
After adding this to my program, I will came back to the discussion.
For the moment, I have enough information. Thank you.
If someone has a tool to produce such a number (the difficulty),
don't wait for me, and just let us know. I can supply example to evaluate how good is it.
One more time, thank you all for your time spent and ideas.
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Max Beran
Posted: Wed Aug 10, 2005 10:57 pm
Post subject:
Using the product (or any other transformation) seems to make little sense. By amplifying the relative contribution of small count numbers over larger ones it iturns upside down what one might think is the natural order. For example, it says that an elimination step that reduces three possibilities to two is much more important than reducing 7 to 6 even though the actual skill required to do both is the same.
A simple summation appears to me to be a natural metric reflecting the average bnefit of the average step. It would also be easier to introduce into a running total over several puzzles, eg in a competition or time trial.
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Posted: Thu Aug 11, 2005 2:25 am
Post subject:
I presume you got the puzzle out to this stage:
It is solvable by logic beyond this point by using the X-wing based on the '6' candidates at r1 c6 and c9, and r9 c6 and c9. This allows you to eliminate 6's at r4c0, r7c6 and r7c9 after which the cells tumble into place with no further clever stuff.
On the candidate score this was a 237-er suggsting it's well up at the difficult end of the spectrum, which is absolutely right - it was.
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Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 275
Location: Munich
Posted: Thu Aug 11, 2005 7:56 am
Post subject:
Anonymous wrote:
It is solvable by logic beyond this point by using the X-wing based on the '6' candidates at r1 c6 and c9, and r9 c6 and c9. This allows you to eliminate 6's at r4c0, r7c6 and r7c9 after which the cells tumble into place with no further clever stuff.
On the candidate score this was a 237-er suggsting it's well up at the difficult end of the spectrum, which is absolutely right - it was.
a big THANK YOU! Just forgot to program the X-wing.
I had it from the solving of some position, but . . . 99,99% (just a feeling) you can solve it without the X-wing combination. My fault.
see u,
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Max Beran
Joined: 11 Aug 2005
Posts: 9
Location: Oxfordshire, UK
Posted: Fri Aug 12, 2005 1:28 am
Post subject:
Dear Guest (the one who offered Schwa to run tests on his archive of 200 puzzles)
The offer is mighty generous. Can I take you up on it? I would love to receive a data file with the following numbers for each puzzle:
1. The Candidate Score - being the summation of the number of candidates over the entire set of unsolved cells.
2. The number of solved cells as provided by the setter
3. Data to construct a measure of the overall tightness of the solved cells - the tighter they are, the more difficult it is to solve the puzzle (at least that is my hypothesis). What follows is an attempt at this:
Using the solved cells, fist create a table showing its row number, column number and box number (the domains). Then for each solved cell cycle through each of the other solved cells and count how many cells share with it a single domain (ie in the same row or column or box), share two domains (eg a row and a box or a column and a box), and share no domains. Organise the cycling through the pairs in such a way that you don't include the same pair twice. What I would like as output is the three numbers being to total number of one-domain links, two domain links and zero domain links. I can then play tunes on these to try to derive a single number index of difficulty and compare it with the others.
4. Does your program also generate any output that these scores could be correlated with and that might objectively quanify how difficult it was for the computer to solve? The sort of thing I have in mind is the total number of program steps that are there to eliminate candidates but do not end up with a solved cell; how many naked and hidden couplet, triplet, or x-wing steps.
If you need clarification, my email address is
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Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 275
Location: Munich
Posted: Fri Aug 12, 2005 5:19 am
Post subject:
Hi Max,
The "guest" was me. I forgot to logon as "someone_somewhere".
And now to business.
The 200+ are true and not. I have 200+ solved all except one, without a computer program.
As input for the program I have only 100+, selected only the "fiendish" and a couple of difficult. The input file is a extreme simple ".txt" as you can imagine. For example:
So I have 100+ such test files.
And now to the program. It first prints the input. Than it works through several "levels". A trace is available, just to show how he is "thinking" and is mainly giving:
- a found number, and why (which combination)
- a number that was excluded from a cell (for the so-called Exclude Table or Candidate Table) and why (which combination).
Everything is in a big loop of trying to find something.
When the lemon was squeezed and no drop falls into the coctail glass,
we have 2 possibility:
- the coctail is ready, initial position is solved. Solution is printed and some statistics.
- not solved. The "Exclude Table" (or left Canditate) is printed and the statistics.
Just to give you a feeling, how the drink tastes (for the above position):
Final SuDoku Table
1 4 3 9 8 6 2 5 7
6 7 9 4 2 5 3 8 1
2 8 5 7 3 1 6 9 4
9 6 2 3 5 4 1 7 8
3 5 7 6 1 8 9 4 2
4 1 8 2 7 9 5 6 3
8 2 1 5 6 7 4 3 9
7 9 6 1 4 3 8 2 5
5 3 4 8 9 2 7 1 6
SuDoku game was solved in 6 LEVELS !!!
Initial Numbers= 26
Unique Nr in Cell= 6
in Horizontal Line= 2
in Vertical Line= 44
in 3x3 Squarer= 3
Total Found Numbers= 55
Scan Horizontal Exclude in 3x3= 3
Vertical Exclude in 3x3= 3
Scan 3x3 Exclude Horz & Vert= 3
Scan Horiz 2 Nr Exclude other Nr= 0
Vert 2 NR Exclude other Nr= 4
3x3 2 Nr Exclude other Nr= 0
Scan Horiz 2 Nr Exclude same Nr= 10
Vert 2 Nr Exclude same Nr= 0
3x3 2 Nr Exclude same Nr= 0
Scan for Vertical X-wing Nr= 3
Horizontal X-wing Nr= 3
Of any help? I did not disclose a lot, but at the moment I have "only" 2 positions that are not solved by the program. The check program from this site tells me that it will need a "look ahead" for them.
So I am interested in the most, almost difficult, almost impossible (even not symetric) positions for improving the program and for developing the "difficulty" calculation.
see u,
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Joined: 07 Aug 2005
Posts: 275
Location: Munich
Posted: Fri Aug 12, 2005 10:50 am
Post subject:
Max Beran wrote:
1. The Candidate Score - being the summation of the number of candidates over the entire set of unsolved cells.
2. The number of solved cells as provided by the setter
CandidateScore = 9 * ( 81 - InitialNumbers )
looks to be valid at least for InitialNumbers between 19 and 41.
my email:
see u,
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Max Beran
Joined: 11 Aug 2005
Posts: 9
Location: Oxfordshire, UK
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2005 9:02 am
Post subject:
Dear someone-smewhere
Obviously I misunderstood what you were offering. What I thought was that you were prepared to use your program to calculate some difficulty indices that people might think up.
I'm responding to your other theory about candidate scores and filled cells on the other thread that you began for it.
Sorry about the confusion. I'll just have to do it for myself.
Max Beran
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Max Beran
Joined: 11 Aug 2005
Posts: 9
Location: Oxfordshire, UK
Posted: Sun Aug 14, 2005 10:43 am
Post subject:
Dear someone-somewhere
That other thread seems to have been pulled so I'll talk about your formula for predicting candidate scores here. Basically it doesn't work. As I mentioned in an earlier message, there is a 0.95 correlation between the number of filled cells and candidate score; it would be 1 if there was a simple formula like yours relating the two. Anyway, the numbers it predicts for candidate scores is at least two times too high.
As an example I sorted some puzzles with 29 filled squares. Candidate scores vary from 159 to 207. Your formula gives 477.
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JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Aug. 11, 2007) - ETSU men's basketball coach Murry Bartow has announced that his Buccaneers will add one final road contest to their 2007-08 schedule, visiting Big 12 Conference member Oklahoma State on Dec. 8. In addition, the Bucs have moved their Nov. 30 meeting with Tennessee Wesleyan to Dec. 1.
The Bucs and Cowboys will meet at 8 p.m. in Stillwater, and the game will be the first of a daunting three-game stretch for the Bucs, which will include a trip to Syracuse on Dec. 15, followed by a meeting with Georgia in the first round of the Rainbow Classic on Dec. 20.
"This gives us another marquee opponent and a chance for our players to play in one of the toughest, most unique arenas in the country," said Bartow, whose team is coming off a 24-10 season in which they won the Atlantic Sun Conference regular season championship and earned a trip to the NIT. "We're trying to play in some tough environments on the road to better prepare us for our conference schedule and postseason play.
"It's certainly the most challenging early season schedule we've had in my five years here."
For more on ETSU men's basketball and information such as 2007-08 preseason information, visit ETSUBucs.com.


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Shoes Collection
These two pairs are my daily shoes, I use them most of the times I do grociery shopping or university related things. You always see me with high platform shoes but I mostly wear kinda lower shoes like everyone ahah. The enginner boots are offbrand, the second pair is from the italian brand Primadonna (they remind a lot the Jeffrey Campell coltraine, I wish I add enough money to buy them one day!), they have both gold details.
Creepers are one of my favorite shoes model of all the time, I had a white pair but I sold them the past year 'cause they were too large for me. If it will be possible I'll buy them in a lot of other colors! The red pair is from Sango (a japanese brand inside the mall Sunshine City in Ikebukuro) and the black pair from Ebay.
I'm addicted to high platform shoes and these two pairs are so comfy and amazing I would like to wear them all the time. The white pair is from YRU, the second one from Cute to the core (if I understood well, it is a second line of the YRU brand). I highly recommend them, their prices are quite cheap compared to the well know Buffalo ones!
This shoes are my favorite in all my collection, they're the most liked and the most asked in all my profiles/accounts. They are the winged boots from Glad News, I think they were released about two years ago, it was really hard to find them but I was so lucky I got them on mbok auctions for less than the original price!
Another part of my collection, Jeffrey Campbell shoes! All the shoes are really comfy to walk in and so cool I can coordinate them with most of my outfits. I think my collection will grow soon 'cause I would like to get a pair of sandals too (if you have already got them let me know if they're comfy enough to wear with the hot summer weather!) From left they are: 8th street patent boots, Lita spikes, Lita coco.
This is another pair of boots I get questioned all the time, my pastel Dr Martens in lilac! I don't remember when they were released the first time...maybe 4 years ago? They are really cool and cozy, I used them but they still look like brand new! I had a pair of simple black Dr Martens in past, but I decided to throw them 'cause they were really ruined after 10 years of walking.
Bodyline hot pink boots (actually on sale for 20 euro + shipping XD) and my old engineer boots (offbrand), they are a bit worn out but I still use them in rainy days or in the snowy ones.
Antaina boots I bought several years ago for my lolita winter outfits and another pair of old engineer boots I use for bad weather days (they're from Bodyline).
I'm not a sneakers type, I have them only in case I decide to go to gym (maybe never), they were both really cheap, the leopard pair is offbrand and the second one is from a little shoes shop inside the Studio Alta in Japan.
Old boots pair from Pinkie I used for my lolita outfits and my really old rocking horse shoes from Montreal, I used them a lot but they're still in good condition!
My poor pair of sandals, they are really worn out because I wear them all time for three months a year XD it's not really easy for me to find a pair of sandals, I don't like most of the ones in stores :(. They're both from two italian brands.
Vivienne Westwood x Melissa are my favorite elegant shoes! As you can see I really like their three straps model (it's so comfy and good looking), the white pair is too big for me so if you would like to buy them just let me know!
Melissa shoes, the first pair is a cute and classic black pumps in velvet, the second pair is a special model (the heel is really strange) but I wore them only twice 'cause I haven't so many blue clothes :( so if you want them I'll sell the pair for a really cheap price!
Candy stripper replica shoes from Taobao are really cute, I'm sad I didn't find the original one anywhere! The second pair is another purchase from Taobao, they're really cozy and casual!


text:
|can you see the steam?
|love the purple edges
|tiny amethyst deceiver
|love this color palette
|scaly pholiota - poisonous but not deadly
|not deer poop, it's a green-headed jelly club
|jellied false coral next to a little puffball
|with some acorn caps and rocks, too
It's subtle, but the color on the right is my re-dye. I took Kim's advice and heated the wool with the dyestuffs this time rather than adding the wool to a cool dye. I was still concerned about the lightfastness so I dried the wool in the sun and it still retained a deeper pink shade. Thanks Kim, for the tip!
|on the left is my first batch, to the right is the re-dye


text:
Lisareinst needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 134 designs submitted by 36 freelance designers.
I am building this store so I can stay home with my children. The store will offer pajamas that are high quality and fashionable. I am looking for a look that will be fun and unique, but simple..I can't be more specific than that or I would not need to hire you! Visit the site and get a feel for the color scheme and let your imagination go wild!
women 30+
I am not sure what else to say that I have not said before. Look at the site and see where the logo will be placed, and I only plan on using the logo on the website at this point. I also expect the logo to be in a standard format that I can upload to the site. Also, please note that the website is selling pajamas not lingerie...the graphic that is up is simply a placeholder and part of the template....I can't wait to see what you come up with!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.