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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Lewiston-Porter High School Junior ROTC will be hosting a dinner and basket raffle in honor of all veterans in the Lewiston-Porter area. The dinner will be held Friday, Nov. 9, in the high school cafeteria beginning at 5:30 p.m. A short program will begin at 6 p.m., followed by dinner at 6:30 p.m. The dinner is free for all veterans and a guest and $5 for additional guests.
Special guest that evening will be Theodore "Dutch" Van Kirk, the last living crewmember and navigator on the Enola Gay. Suzanne Simon Dietz, a Lewiston-Porter graduate, author, and Town of Porter historian, who wrote Van Kirk's authorized biography titled "My True Course," will accompany him at the dinner.
Organizers are accepting donations from local businesses to support the dinner and raffle. If any business would like to donate a basket or gift certificate, the contribution will be publicized during the event and all proceeds will be donated to local organizations to assist veterans in need.
To attend the event or to make a donation, contact AFJROTC by Wednesday, Nov. 7, at 716-286-7238 or email [email protected].


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Computation Opens a Window Closed to Experiment
They don't come from the planet Krypton or leap tall buildings, but it's not a big stretch to think of superacids as chemical superheroes. These fascinating compounds have, since the 1960s, become an essential tool of the chemical industry. Their powerful ability to react with and break down raw petroleum brings us such products as high-strength plastics and lead-free, high-octane gas. Exotic processes like coal gasification are unthinkable without superacids.
"Hundreds of thousands of tons of this material are used in the chemical industry on a routine basis," says Michael Klein, Hepburn Professor of Physical Science at the University of Pennsylvania and director of Penn's Center for Molecular Modeling. "Yet they're mysterious. Why do different superacids have different strength? How does a superacid actually work at the atomistic level?"
Despite their industrial applications, superacids aren't well understood, in large part because they are what they are extremely strong acids. By the accepted definition, superacid means stronger than 100 percent sulfuric acid; many are a billion or more times stronger than that. "They are very toxic, very volatile," says Klein's collaborator, post-doctoral fellow Dongsup Kim, "and it's difficult to do experiments."
Motivated by the industrial importance and unique properties of these compounds, Klein and Kim used Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center's CRAY T3E to get some answers. With a series of quantum chemistry studies, they have provided new insight into the relation between the molecular structure of superacids and their acid strength. With a powerful quantum approach that simulates molecular movement, furthermore, they produced the first detailed picture of a fundamental superacid property called proton jumping.
Acids Mixed with Acids
Harvard chemist and educator James Bryant Conant coined the term "superacid" in 1927 when he recognized that some acid systems are stronger than conventional mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid. In the 1960s, George Olah at Case Western Reserve University followed Conant's lead and developed powerful superacids by mixing acids. In this way, for example, his laboratory developed "Magic Acid" a mix of antimony pentafluoride (SbF5) and fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F), named for its seemingly magical ability to dissolve candle wax.
Olah and his colleagues found that by dissolving hydrocarbons in these compounds they stabilized a chemical species called carbonium ions that exists for only a fleeting instant in hydrocarbon reactions. These elusive ions couldn't be studied before Olah's experiments, and he won the 1994 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this work, which led to enriched understanding of organic chemistry and to many industrial applications.
During a visit to Penn's chemistry department a few years ago, Olah raised the topic of superacids. "A bell went off in my head," says Klein, recalling that he'd been interested in superacids many years ago, when computational science wasn't advanced enough to simulate them. "What makes superacids difficult is that chemistry's going on, the making and breaking of bonds. Superacids are liquid, and chemistry for 50 or 60 years has had a diversion into the gas phase. Real chemistry happens in solutions, but we couldn't do studies of liquids 25 years ago, because the computing hardware wasn't capable enough, and furthermore we didn't have the methods."
Taking the hint from Olah, Klein and Kim set out to fill-in some of the blanks. Experiments, for instance, with one of the superacids boric trifluoride in hydrogen fluoride (BF3/HF) had indicated no reaction between BF3 and HF in the gas phase, which posed a question: If these molecules don't react, why do they form a superacid in solution?
Naked Protons
Acids are defined by their ability to "protonate" bases that is, to donate protons. The key chemical species is the hydrogen nucleus, naked H+, stripped of its single electron. Because the naked proton has a very strong affinity for other molecules, it can't be found in liquids, where it's always bound with either the acid or solvent. Free protons exist only in the gas phase, one reason why experiments have focused there, yielding information not available experimentally with liquids.
Computational approaches, however, open a window that's closed to experiment. In the case of BF3/HF, the weakest superacid, gas-phase experiments indicated a feeble, electrostatic attraction between BF3 and HF called a van der Waals attraction. One might expect to see a stronger bond, a chemical bond in which the fluorine atom from HF shares electrons with the boron of BF3, yielding a BF4- ion and a naked proton. Availability of free protons is a key factor in acid strength, and the experiment suggested that the weak BF3/HF interaction might account for the relative weakness of this superacid.
Kim and Klein confirmed the experiment and also showed a more complex picture. They carried out a series of quantum structural calculations, starting with BF3 and a single HF and adding HF molecules one at a time, up to seven. With a single HF, the calculations show a weak attraction between BF3 and HF, as indicated by the distance between the molecules in their energy minimized, native state.
With more HF molecules, however, the picture changes. With four HF molecules, the intermolecular distance decreases, and a chemical bond forms, induced by a ring structure of HF molecules, bound together by hydrogen bonds, that stabilizes the BF4- ion. Adding more HF molecules further stabilizes the ion and shortens the bond length. With six and seven HFs, the ring architecture is further secured by hydrogen bonds, leading to H2F+ like structures, suggesting that this protonated HF is a key to superacids. "You need to have a solvent shell of neighbors," says Klein. "That's why the reaction takes place in the liquid."
How Protons Jump
A quantum approach called ab initio molecular dynamics is a powerful tool that allowed Klein and Kim to delve further into superacids. Ab initio means from first principles or from the beginning, without empirical data. Input to the calculation is solely the atomic numbers of the molecules. The electrons and atoms move freely. It's a computationally intense method made possible by recent advances in numerical approaches to quantum theory, and it can produce detailed, accurate pictures of how molecular structure evolves.
With this approach, the researchers took a close look at how protons move in superacids. The strongest superacid is antimony pentafluoride in hydrogen fluoride (SbF5/HF), and experiments have shown that these solutions conduct electricity better than can be accounted for by ionic diffusion, the normal process by which electrons in solution roam from ion to ion. "It's abnormal," says Kim. "There has to be some exotic mechanism."
A plausible scenario, he explains, arises from the reaction between SbF5 and HF. When the SbF5 becomes fluorinated to form an SbF6- ion, the free H+ can move into an HF chain, which becomes a pathway for the proton to jump from bond to bond like molecular leapfrog. Chemists have postulated that this "proton jump" scenario underlies the abnormal conductivity and other properties of SbF5/HF.
To simulate this game of proton leapfrog, Klein and Kim set up a cubic space containing 54 HF molecules and one proton. They excluded the SbF6- ion to keep the computational space within practical bounds. "This ion is so big," explains Kim, "that it interferes with the hydrogen dynamics between H and F." Using 64 CRAY T3E processors, it took a week of computing to simulate four picoseconds of molecular motion (four million-millionths of a second).
The results offer the first detailed picture of proton jumping, showing the precise sequence of moves as the proton hops along the HF chain. Notably, the jumps are very fast. "The excess proton," says Kim, "and the fluorine atom it's attached to travel across three bonds in a matter of femtoseconds."

subset: commoncrawl


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how do i research history of house
Posted 22 February 2013 - 04:34 PM
i have 4 houses i want to research the history on, and i dont know how.
am i able to do this online from home?
is there a certain website i should know about ?
or do i have to go somewhere for help to do it ?
Posted 22 February 2013 - 07:45 PM
Local newspapers might have records, if something noteable happened, or check your local library. Does your area have a historical society? They can be a source of information as well. Good Luck!
Posted 23 February 2013 - 03:26 PM
Posted 23 February 2013 - 09:47 PM
The only difference between Socialism and National Socialism is the snappy uniforms. - Logan "Aside from ending Slavery, Fascism and Communist World Domination, War has never solved anything! ""For it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' "Chuck him out, the brute! But it's "Savior of 'is country" when the guns begin to shoot." - Rudyard Kipling "People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf."---George Orwell "Always Remember-All Lessons in Life are Expensive.....and the last one costs you everything you have." - Logan" Socialism is just Communism without a Dictator....and you can always find a Dictator!" - Logan "An Armed Man is a Citizen. An Unarmed Man is a Subject. Subject to anything anyone wants to do to him." - Logan "Without the Second Amendment there is no First Amendment...or Third or Fourth or Fifth....or 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th or 27th!" - Logan Peace is not the Absence of War. Peace is the Absence of the Opportunity for War. True Peace comes through Superior Firepower. - Logan
Posted 25 February 2013 - 04:48 PM
Good Luck!
-Stephen G.
Co-founder of Fly By Night Paranormal Investigations.
Based in Omaha, NE with a chapter in Dallas /Ft. Worth, TX. FBN is primarily a paranormal research team with a focus on classical 'haunting phenomena.'
Please visit our website at www.fbnparanormal.net or find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook...NightParanormal
Posted 27 February 2013 - 02:25 PM
i would like to do it on my computer at home , i dont know if thats possible tho, i dont know what city hall is and im not sure if my town has a historical society but i can probably google it and find out
Casper, a city hall is the place where all city government takes place. It's where your mayor, treasurer, clerk, etc., go to work each day to run your hometown. The city clerk's office will have property records. The city treasurer's office will have tax bill records. If you go to your phone book, then look up City of _____, and look for city clerk (not to be confused with clerk of court), you can call them to see if they have this information online. If they do, they'll give you the web address. If not, you'll have to go down there and look at it. You can also garner much information at your local library as well. Just ask them about it at the reference desk.
Posted 27 February 2013 - 10:15 PM
Edited by Cryscat, 27 February 2013 - 10:15 PM.
Posted 27 February 2013 - 10:20 PM
Posted 28 February 2013 - 12:54 AM
and on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Art-of-Jim-Demick/261669903877527
"There are some things money can't buy...A good imagination is one of them
Posted 04 March 2013 - 02:29 PM
I live in WV...and with the exception of ONE local county having the most recent title information only online...I find that I have to do a lot of onsite research at the local genealogical library and the county courthouse. In my area, our city hall does not keep the records...those are at the county clerk's office at the courthouse.
The county clerk is where all the deed books are actually stored. You'll need to have either the full address or the owner's name in order to get started. Some counties provide computers where you can enter this data and have it give you which book to look in first. Others, you have to ask an employee to do this for you. Once you find the most recent deed, contained in the actual text will be the book and page of the previous deed from the previous owner....work your way back until you hit a snag. Once in awhile, this information isn't available, especially if there is a lien or mortgage or if its simply left out. Then, you can check the list of grantors/grantees to help you find where the next one is. Also, the county assessor's office is usually right across the hall...the assessor's office in my state is where the actual property maps can be obtained. Look at the property maps, as properties will sometimes combine or split up, and the wording in the deed isn't always super clear.
There are some downfalls to doing title searches....title searches will only tell you the owner of the property. It won't tell you who lived there. However, if you have a list of the owners, you can usually check through vital statistics who they were married to, and who their children were. This is where an Ancestry.com membership REALLY comes in handy. Ancestry.com has the census data for up until 1940 and will list everyone living in the home at the time.
Again, there are some limitations...census records, which can also be obtained at any library that has a genealogy section, are only taken every 10 years. If a child is born and dies within the span, they would be hard to track down through this data alone. Also, if the home was a rental property, chances are the renters are going to change several times within that span of time. That's where city directories can come in handy...again, can be found at the library. There are some city directories at Ancestry.com as well, but I have yet to figure out how to search them by address (usually they only come up when you have a person's NAME). I love city directories since you can look up data through name OR address. But, like anything, there are limitations here, too.
City directories report the address at the date of the publication, but addresses can change for the same building over time. That's why its important to check multiple sources when doing the history of a home or building if you want the full story. You can also simply type the address or any owners/tenants names into a search engine and if there is anything significant enough, it should come up. If you have some death dates of anyone in the home, try to find obituaries and/or death certificates to see if they died in the home, or if there were any fires/murders/etc. in the home.
And don't be discouraged, lol. I'm lucky enough to have access to some great locations, and lucky that the WV state archives has a lot of documents (birth/death/marriage) available online, but research is rarely black and white. It's never as easy as it looks on TV and very rarely does magical information that completely solves the case and answers all questions pops up on a website...especially a FREE website, lol. Those newspaper articles that come up with a simple search on scary movies...they don't tell you that you have to pay an arm and a leg to view them online, hehehe.
So yeah, there are plenty of aspects of research that CAN be done at home on the computer, but many of those services you do have to pay for. There is some stuff that you actually have to go and get the primary documents from the primary sources, either because its much more affordable, or simply because its NOT available anywhere online. If you absolutely refuse to leave the house, you might be able to pay someone to get these documents for you, but again, it adds up. Call the county clerk first and see if they pull documents for the public. If not, contact a local genealogy society....they will have paid volunteers that might do it.
Posted 08 March 2013 - 07:47 AM
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Dr. Conrad Murray is still treating patients at his Las Vegas office -- and according to The Doc, they're all pretty happy to see him.
Doc Murray strolled into work today, where he nodded when a photog asked if he was happy to be back.
As we previously reported, Murray -- who's facing an involuntary manslaughter charge in the death of Michael Jackson -- is prohibited from administering powerful anesthetics as a condition of his bail.
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04 September 2010
Players cry "No choices right!" for 3 September quiz(1370)
8 comments:
- Anonymous05 September, 2010 00:12
Hi Steven,ReplyDelete
When I was thinking about choosing the right option I was sure that the point would definitely arise.
I had two confusing option: 1) to consider 3rd option as correct, but I was not sure if that question was also related to choosing SQLERRM/SQLCODE for logging exception info
2) to consider it as incorrect, but was not sure if "to see" means "to get" an exception.
Moreover exception displayed by tools like SQLPLUS, TOAD etc is not the same as a result of PL/SQL block that actually doesn't display that error.
In both ways I didn't have 100% guaranteed answer and that's why I had to select just 1 option and I was unfortunate.
I think that is not good that the right option depends on unclear implications.
Kind Regards,
Sergey Porokh
I am sorry that some of the words I used led to confusion.
Let's see what we can learn from this experience to help answer future questions.
You say "was not sure if that question was also related to choosing SQLERRM/SQLCODE for logging exception info".
It is extremely important when taking the quiz to not "read into" the question any more than what is presented. I did not talk about logging the error information. Instead, I specifically talked about "seeing" an unhandled exception.
I don't how else one would most naturally interpret "to see" except that you run the block and see what happens: "Oh! That exception went unhandled!"
Looking at the choices, though, I realize that what could have caused confusion was the use of DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE to display the error code.
The screen output does not play a role in the quiz, and I should probably not have included those statements.
Cheers, Steven
- Anonymous06 September, 2010 02:13
This was a great question - almost tripped me up :) but it was fairly obvious to me that the question was about where a RAISE; is allowed, not about how the error is displayed on the screen.ReplyDelete
I found your post-question comments interesting - particularly:
"And, certainly, if you try to compile a RAISE; statement in a separate procedure, with the intention of creating a nice, reusable "log and re-raise" utility, Oracle will not let you. That is very unfortunate and hopefully they will relax this restriction in the future. All they have to do is shift the check for "RAISE; only valid when an exception has already been raised" to run-time instead of compile-time!"
+1 this. I'd like to have code like this:
PROCEDURE log_and_raise
(the_exception IN EXCEPTION)
RAISE the_exception;
(the_exception => PLSQL%EXCEPTION);
Yes, Jeff - that is another fantasy/dream of mine. Imagine: pass an exception as an argument! Treat it as a variable just like any other kind of data...sigh...I get the feeling we will have to wait a LOOOONG time before we see that.ReplyDelete
Well Steven,ReplyDelete
I do agree that if you present a questioin, there should be only 1 correct answer and by providing the sentence "see an unhandled VALUE_ERROR exception ("ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error")" I also get thrown off because in IT correct is correct. I did not see the unhandled exception "("ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error")" only the code. So in this case you must give us the benefit of the doubt. You must also understand that as NOT (mothertonque) English speaking people we cannot sense the nuances in the English language as you can.
So again, we have the benefit of the doubt.
danny Ven
You write "if you present a question, there should be only 1 correct answer." That is simply not the case in the PL/SQL Challenge. There can be more than one correct choice.
I don't understand what you mean by "I did not see the unhandled exception "("ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error")" only the code." True, you are just looking at the code, but you need at a minimum to visualize what will happen when the code is run, or write yourself a little block to test your understanding.
You write "So in this case you must give us the benefit of the doubt." If you mean I should give you credit, no, I am not rescoring in this case. I do think it was clear enough, even if English is not your first language.
Again, what else can it mean to "see an unhandled exception" except that when you run the code, an exception comes out of the block unhandled?
Regards, SF
- Anonymous06 September, 2010 13:03
Hello Danny,ReplyDelete
I do agree with Steven that this particular case was not related English language related misunderstanding.
My confusion was related to
1) using dbms_output that doesn't display ORA message in the 3rd option.
2) usage of word "to see".
Yes we can "see" just a code, i.e. SQLCODE displayed by dbms_output.
But the text of exception is printed by environment where this code is run (SQLPLUS, TOAD)... it still seems to confusing for me and not really correct, but I cannot find right arguments to prove it :)
That is why I can accept that it should not be re-scored.
However, that doesn't mean that I am very happy with this decision.
Kind regards,
- Anonymous06 September, 2010 14:27
I cannot agree more on this. Once again I am surprised there are complaints. With or without the DBMS_OUTPUT lines, it was perfectly clear what the question was. Seems again you cannot please everyone all the time...ReplyDelete


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What is a Memoizer and why should you care about it?
A Memoizer is a class created by Doug Lea/Brian Goetz. It's basically a create-and-store cache. That is, it has one very useful property:
- A Memoizer is a Generic class that encapsulates the process of creating a value, and remembering the value (memoizing it) so that subsequent calls to get the value will return the memoized value, and not call the Factory method to create it.
Why do you care?
- A Memoizer encapsulates the process of "getOrCreate()" which is highly useful when you are getting a resource that does not change by a key (think cache) and which is generally considered to be expensive to create.
But, you ask, I already can do that, why do I need a Memoizer? Glad you should ask. Memoizer is unique in its solution, because it caches a value by key, but its implementation is very efficient. It has the following additional properties:
- Calls to get items are concurrent
- Calls to get items for a particular key are guaranteed to call the Factory method for that key once and only once
It's important to understand that what the Memoizer does is both efficient, and correct. It's relatively easy to roll your own "
getOrCreate()" method that has only one of those properties (and most people do). It's not so easy - or obvious - to do both and that's why you should use a Memoizer - and not roll your own.
To review, let's see the strategy most people would use for calling the Factory method once and only once. Here's how to call the Factory method once and only once:
private final Factory<A,V> factory = ...;
private final Map<A, V> map = new HashMap<A, V>();
public V getOrCreate(A key) {
synchronized (map) {
if (map.contains(key)) { return map.get(key); }
// create
V value = factory.create(key);
map.put(key, value);
return value;
But of course, the line
synchronized (map) should be a tip-off that this implementation is not concurrent
since there is only a single lock protecting access to our map. Can we do better? Sure. Let's use a ConcurrentHashMap to make our
getOrCreate() method concurrent (but as we'll see, will not have the once-and-only-once property):
private final Factory<A,V> factory = ...;
private final ConcurrentMap<A, V> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<A, V>();
public V getOrCreate(A key) {
if map.contains(key) { return map.get(key); }
// map doesn't contain key, create one -- note that first writer wins,
// all others just throw away their value
map.putIfAbsent(key, Factory.create(key));
// return the value that won
return map.get(key);
So, those are the two implementations, each implements either correctness (once and only once) or performance (concurrent puts and gets) but neither accomplishes both simultaneously. Of course, that's the whole point of this article. To introduce you to Memoizer. So how does Memoizer ensure correctness (once and only once) while being simultaneously concurrent?
The trick is to delay the call to the Factory create method into the future. We already know how to make the operation concurrent, but making the operation concurrent means that the first writer will win, and all the other writers will lose. So we delay the Factory create call by wrapping that call in a FutureTask. In other words, instead of putting the actual value into the map, we put a Future (which is a wrapper for getting the value sometime in the future) into the Map.
(Note: If you have not yet become familiar with the
Future and
FutureTask classes introduced in the JDK 1.5, you should)
By putting a Future into the map - and not our actual value - we can move the work of calling the Factory create method into the future - specifically we can move it until after the winner of the race to put the value into the map has been determined. That enables us to call get - which calls create on the Factory - on the one and only Future instance that is contained within the Map.
The full code for Memoizer illustrates this trick. Note that the
Computable interface specifies a generic "Factory". Also note that I have not been able to find a library or canonical reference for Memoizer. The best I have is here: Memoizer.java.
Here it is re-created for your convenience (note that I have adjusted it slightly, for example allowing the user to specify the number of segments created in the underlying ConcurrentHashMap):
public interface Computable<A, V>
V compute(A arg) throws InterruptedException;
public class Memoizer<A, V> implements Computable<A, V>
private final ConcurrentMap<A, Future<V>> cache;
private final Computable<A, V> c;
public Memoizer(Computable<A, V> c)
this(c, 16);
public Memoizer(Computable<A, V> c, int segments)
this.cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<A, Future<V>>();
this.c = c;
public V compute(final A arg) throws InterruptedException
while (true) {
Future<V> f = cache.get(arg);
if (f == null) {
Callable<V> eval = new Callable<V>() {
public V call() throws InterruptedException {
return c.compute(arg);
FutureTask<V> ft = new FutureTask<V>(eval);
f = cache.putIfAbsent(arg, ft);
if (f == null) {
f = ft;
try {
return f.get();
} catch (CancellationException e) {
cache.remove(arg, f);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
You will of course need the
LaunderThrowable implementation to compile this example. For a full code listing, hop on over to Terracotta, where I show not only a full working example, but demonstrate how it works with Terracotta across two nodes:
Full Memoizer Example with Terracotta


text:
BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Details:
- BMW's first front-wheel-drive vehicle
- 3 different turbo engine packages & M Sport version available
- More Interior room via long wheelbase, raised roof and fold-flat passenger seat
- First model in segment with a head-up display
The deuces, they keep coming. On the heels of unveiling the M235i coupe - the first of the 2 Series and successor to the 1 - BMW is at it again, this time heralding the arrival of the 2 Active Tourer, a five-door CUV of sorts that represents the brand's first foray into production front-wheel-drive (FWD). The crossover will floss turbo engine choices and the latest in BMW EfficientDynamics tech and ConnectedDrive connectivity - a raft of features outlined below.
BMW's First FWD
There was a day when front drive meant compromised driving dynamics, but not anymore. The 2 Active Tourer employs a single-joint spring strut axle at the front, a multi-link rear axle and electromechanical steering system to make it agile, precise, stable and comfortable, especially up front where BMW claims to have achieved outstanding steering feedback and zero torque steer.
The OEM also infuses the Active Tourer with many of its EfficientDynamics technologies, like the use of lightweight high-tensile steels, Auto Start Stop, Brake Energy Regeneration, Optimum Gearshift Indicator, on-demand operation of ancillary units and integral Air Curtain, which uses two vertical air inlets in the front bumper to direct the airstream along the front wheels. If FWD doesn't float your boat, BMW looks to be adding xDrive AWD variants2 Active Tourer lineup later on.
If It's FWD, It Can't Be a BMW
Oh, but it can. With unmistakable design cues like forward-slanting kidney grille at the front flanked by twin circular lights, short overhangs, Hofmeister kink in the rear side windows (wow, there's a name for that?), L-shaped rear lights and interior controls angled toward the driver, how can the 2 Active Tourer be anything else?
Does It Come in M?
That's another reason why the 2 Active Tourer is unequivocally Bimmer - trims include a sporty Sport Line (see what we did there?), an elegant Luxury Line and an M Sport package, and nothing is more "M" than BMW. The kit includes M Aero, M suspension and 17 or 18-inch M alloy rims for the exterior and M leather steering wheel and uniquely upholstered sport seats for the inside.
Turbocharged Three & Four-Pot Motors
Topping the engine range will be the 225i Active Tourer, which boasts a 231hp four banger that pulls the car to 62mph from a standing start in a smidge under 7 seconds (6.8 according the BMW). The diesel plant in the 218d makes just 150hp by comparison but does so with an incredible 243 lb-ft of torque, while the three-pot petrol unit in the 218i is a 1.5L number that generates 136hp.
Utility When You Need It
Like any proper ute, the 2 Active Tourer rocks space for haulin' stuff. Interior room is optimized through the use of elements like a long wheelbase, raised roof and fold-flat passenger seat. Higher seating positions up front make it easier to get in and out of the CUV, and access to the hatch is simplified thanks to the large, broad, wide-opening tailgate, which can furthermore be optionally specified with pushbutton automatic opening and closing or the Smart Opener function that works with a quick flick of the foot. There's also an option of a large panoramic roof for the ultimate in all-around viewing.
Stay Connected
The 2 Active Tourer also has a host of ConnectedDrive bells and whistles, BMW's name for its assistance systems and various infotainment features. The lot includes tech like the Traffic Jam Assistant and the camera-based cruise control system with Stop & Go function, which both work using a mono camera. BMW ConnectedDrive Services & Apps bring smartphone apps into the car and allow features like the Concierge Service or Real Time Traffic Information to be added. Finally, the Active Tourer is the first model in the premium compact class to be made available with a Head-Up Display; however, instead of being displayed on the windscreen itself, the information is shown on a screen that extends out between the steering wheel and windscreen.


text:
Human Resources
Because one size doesn't fit all, please use the zoom feature of your browser to increase or decrease the text size.
The City of Des Moines is a great place to locate or expand your businesses. The Des Moines Office of Economic Development office is dedicated to helping you meet your existing and future development needs.
More Info
The Engineering Department's efforts include the design, construction and project management of the City's Capital Improvements Program (CIP) and other major construction projects.
The Civil Service Commission of the City of Des Moines, Iowa is a special tribunal created under the Code of Iowa, Chapter 400, Civil Service.
More . . . .
All job postings have a close date and time for application submission. To determine when a job posting will close click on the position you are interested in. At the top of posting under the job title you will see the closing date and time.
Studies show that employees who participate in wellness programs enjoy short-term and long-term benefits; are more productive, take fewer sick days, and are generally happier.


text:
|Facing Clew Bay, as the tide begins to come in.
|In the foothills of Croagh Patrick.
Click on images to view larger versions.
|Facing Clew Bay, as the tide begins to come in.
|In the foothills of Croagh Patrick.
And they walk up that hill in bare feet, it's bleak round there I will say but I miss visiting IrelandReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments Bill! I've never walked it in bare feet, but I have walked all of the over 2,500 feet to the chapel at the top.
Thanks for sharing these dreamy photos, Jennifer. Wish I were there!ReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments Linda; they are always much appreciated! I'm glad the photos 'spoke' to you.
I love your excellent photos, Jennifer. Thanks so much for sharing these. I live in Vancouver BC Canada, and this port city is tucked close to the Coast Range mountains - quite high, so I love photos showing water nearby, and the mountain (well, I'd call it a hill, actually!). Gorgeous photos.ReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments Celia; they are always much appreciated! I'm glad you love the photos.
Beautiful. I want to visit again.ReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments Colleen. They are always much appreciated. I feel the same way you do and find coming to this area near the foot of Croagh Patrick especially meaningful because my Geraghty ancestors farmed land close by.
Love the layers of cloud and sky.ReplyDelete
Me too! Thanks for your comments Pauleen; they are always much appreciated.
Comments on this blog are always deeply appreciated; however, in the spirit of true collegiality, I ask that you do not write something you would not say to me in person.
This blog is CAPTCHA free, but because of spammers, comments moderation is in operation for posts older than two days.
Any comments that are mean-spirited, include URLs which are not connected to the post topic, contain misinformation, or in any way resemble advertising, will be removed.
Cheers, Jennifer


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The Royal Society of Canada is a registered charitable organization. Since its founding, the Society has sought to maintain a diversity of sources of funding in order to ensure its independence. Initially the Society's operations were financed primarily by annual membership dues. Occasionally, additional support for particular projects was provided by the Government of Canada. Unlike many other National Academies, the Society does not receive any block base funding from government. Much of the overhead and indirect costs are covered by volunteer service from the fellowship and, through the fellowship, from Institutional Members.
Today the Society receives direct financial support from five sources: Fellows, Institutional Members, the Private Sector, Granting and Research Councils and Charitable Foundations and, for national and international project funding, governmental agencies.


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Descriptive Epi
Name: Mona Wenger
Position: District 2 Field Epidemiologist
Education: Master of Science in Community Health
How did you get started in Public Health?
I have always been interested in the medical field and having a family. I came from a large Italian/German family with five brothers and five sisters. I remember my dad having to work three jobs to support us.
After high school graduation, I joined the United States Navy as a hospital corpsman. I met my husband Ken while in the Navy. After leaving the service, I entered the nursing program at Ball State University. After having trouble finding suitable child care, I chose to leave nursing and remain at home to care for our three children.
I have always loved the community where I grew up. As we reared our family in my hometown, Ken and I watched the community physically deteriorate (e.g., empty buildings with broken windows). Decreasing job opportunities, alcohol and drug abuse, teen pregnancy, and labeling of people based on where they lived became real problems. There is an objective that I utilize often in public health: a community is not healthy unless every individual in the community is healthy (Healthy People, 2010).
Ken died unexpectedly 14 years later at age 41 from a heart attack after outpatient knee surgery. Faced with the need to provide for our family, I returned to school. I had been out of the nursing field too long to utilize my credits, so I graduated with a Bachelor of General Studies degree.
My desire to help my family and friends drew me into the field of Community Health. I was accepted for an internship in the Health Science Department at Ball State University while earning a Masters of Science Degree in Community Health Education. My internship included working with the HIV/STD Program at the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH). I enjoyed working in public health but, unfortunately, my community had no monetary resources to hire me as a health educator. I accepted a position with the ISDH Perinatal Hepatitis B Program and moved to St. Joseph County.
The ISDH District 2 Field Epidemiologist position then became available. This position has provided me the opportunity to put into practice all I have learned in the nursing and health education fields. I also try to utilize the knowledge I have acquired to assist my hometown community in public health issues.
What is the most rewarding part of your job?
Knowing that my job creates a positive health outcome for the population I serve.
What is a typical day like for you?
The day often begins with general work issues, such as requests for guidance on public health issues from the District 2 local health departments and hospitals and research requests on communicable diseases. Usually the week does not end without being notified of a possible foodborne illness, vaccine preventable disease, or other communicable disease event.
What is your ideal vacation?
I love hanging out with my family and friends at any location WITHOUT my Blackberry.
What is your favorite hobby?


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Why Michael Jordan is overrated
Michael Jordan is the greatest player of all time, but he's also probably one of the most overrated player of all time.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: MJ has the rings, the MVPs, and all of the NBA success imaginable, but he's also frequently hyped up beyond reason.
Michael Jordan was the best because he worked the hardest; rare workout footage (VIDEO)
Thanks to stack.com, we now have a rare look at how Michael Jordan trained off the court.
Hoopsvibe's quick call: Probably the greatest lesson we can learn from Jordan is that if you want to be the best at something, you need to outwork the competition.
Was Kobe Bryant's 81 Point Game His Best Ever Performance?
We've hit the point in the offseason, with the draft and free agency long over, there's not much to do besides wait for the preseason which is 36 days away.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Kobe's career is full of great games and clutch performances, but was their anything better than his 81 point game?
Spidey spotted playing streetball to the tune of 7 million views (Part 2).
Spider-Man (aka The Professor) strikes again.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Who knew Spidey had this kind of handle?
Clippers Sign Antawn Jamison
Jamison moves across town from the Lakers to the Clippers.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Jamison is a great fit for the Clippers. He still has plenty to give.
Charles Barkley Goes Off On 76ers
Someone had to say it; who better than "Sir Charles"?
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Everyone is still pissed about the Andrew Bynum disaster and a fruitless head coach search has compounded frustrations.
Summer Trade Review: Western Conference
Everything you need to know that changed this summer in the Western Conference.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Get educated kids. It's about to all get started and you don't want to be the only one that doesn't know what team Jrue, Tyreke, Andre, Dwight, and Eric now play for.
Happy Hump Day! Dirk stars in funny Mavs commercial (VIDEO)
In honor of Wednesday, I thought it was only fitting to share with all you Hoopsvibers out there the Dallas Mavericks most recent Hump Day parody commercial featuring Dirk Nowitzki.
Hoopsvibe's quick call: I didn't think Dirk was that funny prior to seeing this commercial. I was pleasantly surprised. And I hope you are too.
Top 10 Rappers Who Can Ball
Today In NBA History 1999: Grizzlies, Rockets and Magic Complete Largest Trade Ever
Bigger is always better.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: To get Steve Francis, the Rockets were willing to trade roughly a third of their roster.
Read More
Bucks Larry Sanders Misspells Latest Tattoo
The only thing worse than getting a tattoo of your ex-lovers' name is tattooing a misspelled word.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Maybe he can cover it up with the word. "Oops".
Tracy McGrady retires from the NBA
Former NBA All-Star and scoring champion, Tracy McGrady, has officially retired from the NBA.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: T-Mac, a fan favorite for years, has decided to leave the bright lights of the NBA hardwood for good.
NBA Brothers Who Played On Same Team.
Fake or Authentic sneakers: Pick the right website!
Sometimes it's hard to tell which kicks are legit.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: Get the lowdown on where to get your kicks.
Report: Lamar Odom Battling Drug Problem
Reports have surfaced that NBA star Lamar Odom has been using recreational drugs for a significant period of time.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Fame, wealth and success don't cure all ills.
Lebron James picks top 3 NBA ballers of all-time
Lebron James was recently asked who he thought were the best three NBA ballers of all-time, and one Hall of Famer seemed to have some objection to his answer.
Hoopsvibe's quick call: When FOX Sports asked the question, we could see the pot stirring a mile away.
CP3 Elected President of Players Union.
"Basketball Time Machine" App Is Sweet
As technology has evolved, it's become even easier to spend time at work not working.
HoopsVibe Very Quick Call: Like many an NBA player's booty call, the Basketball Time Machine app sucked me and wouldn't let me go.
Nike Looks to Reinvent "Just Do It."
On the 25th anniversary of "Just Do It" Nike challenges everyone to go further.
HoopsVibe's Very Quick Call: LeBron teams up with Serena and others in a short film to push us all a little further.


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Man sets underpants on fire, prompts Walgreens evacuation
The 45 year old tossed his burning underwear in a toilet
The 45 year old tossed his burning underwear in a toilet
A man set his underpants on fire in a Modesto Walgreens Saturday, prompting a storewide evacuation.
45-year-old Andrew Cheadle reportedly told Modesto police that he had an accident, and when he could not remove his underwear, he attempted to use a lighter to burn them off, according to the Modesto Bee.
Cheadle then tossed the burning underwear in a toilet, extinguishing the fire and generating enough smoke to fill the bathroom. The Walgreens, at Standiford Avenue and Carver Road, was evacuated shortly thereafter, at about 9:20 a.m.
The suspect exited the store after admitting to employees that he had started the fire. Police found and arrested him in a nearby neighborhood, but not but not on suspicion of the pants fire. According to the Bee, Cheadle had two felony warrants issued from Sacramento.


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Complementary Therapies and HIV
April 9, 2015
Table of Contents
Decisions about your health care are important -- including those about what types of therapy to use. Most health care providers will agree that using complementary (also called alternative or integrative) therapies with standard medicines can help people living with HIV (HIV+) live longer, healthier lives. Most often, people living with HIV use complementary therapies to ease side effects of HIV drugs, boost their immune systems, or improve their overall health.
Complementary therapies refer to a series of health care treatments that are most often not considered to be part of conventional (Western) medicine. These types of treatments can include acupuncture, aromatherapy, biofeedback, homeopathy, hypnosis, massage therapy, Ayurveda, relaxation techniques, nutritional supplements, energy work, and traditional healing.
An important note: while it is important for everyone to tell their health care providers about any and all complementary or integrative practices they use, it is especially important for people living with HIV. Since HIV and HIV drugs affect the immune system, we recommend talking to your health care provider about any complementary treatments before you use them. This gives your provider a full picture of what you do to manage your health and makes sure the treatments you choose are safe and helpful for you.
What Are Some Common Complementary Therapies?
Acupuncture is a practice developed in China several thousand years ago. It involves the use of small thin metal needles that are inserted in the skin at particular points on the body. By activating these specific points, acupuncturists look to remove blockages in the flow of one's life force or vital energy, called qi (pronounced "chee"). In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), energy or qi is believed to circulate through the body. Proper circulation or flow of qi promotes health and well-being. Acupressure uses finger-pressure rather than needles to stimulate healing points on the body and achieve proper flow of qi.
There are now many studies that demonstrate the potential benefits of acupuncture. A partial list of conditions for which acupuncture can be helpful includes: pain, headache, nausea, diarrhea, menstrual cramps, and menopausal symptoms. In the US, many states require acupuncturists to be licensed (L.Ac), and an increasing number of insurance plans cover acupuncture. You can find a licensed acupuncturist through the organization that grants the licenses: the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). Be sure your acupuncturist uses only disposable, sterile needles.
Aromatherapy involves the use of essential oils to improve emotional or physical health. These oils are inhaled or rubbed into the skin, and are generally used to reduce pain, improve mood, and promote relaxation. There is not strong evidence to support the immune-boosting effects of aromatherapy. However, tea tree oil has a demonstrated anti-microbial effect on the skin. It is important that you discuss any use of essential oils with your health care provider.
Biofeedback is a technique that trains people to control some of the body's operations that usually occur without our having to think about them, such as breathing rate, heart rate, or blood pressure. By being connected to devices that measure these actions and watching these measurements (e.g., heart rate) on a monitor, people can affect the inner workings of their bodies and gain some control over the body's "involuntary" actions. Biofeedback is most often used to help people with headaches and pain.
Related Stories
This article was provided by The Well Project. Visit The Well Project's Web site to learn more about their resources and initiatives for women living with HIV. The Well Project shares its content with TheBody.com to ensure all people have access to the highest quality treatment information available. The Well Project receives no advertising revenue from TheBody.com or the advertisers on this site. No advertiser on this site has any editorial input into The Well Project's content.
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Whole Foods to open third area store in Upper St. Clair
A one-mile stretch of Washington Road in Bethel Park and Upper St. Clair is becoming a mecca for specialty food stores with the planned addition of a Whole Foods Market, the region's third location for the popular grocery chain.
Whole Foods signed a lease for a store at the site of the former Consol Energy Inc. headquarters in Upper St. Clair, the 315-store chain and developers of the property said on Wednesday.
The chain is known as a "destination store" because of its unique products, including a wide array of organics, with the Pittsburgh-area stores drawing customers from Erie, Youngstown and Morgantown.
Mt. Lebanon-based KGA Partners is the developer. Whole Foods anticipates a fall 2015 store opening. Austin-based Whole Foods has locations in Wexford and Shadyside.
By the time the store opens, Whole Foods could be just one of five specialty grocery stores along Washington Road.
A Giant Eagle Market District and Trader Joe's are located in Bethel Park. Demolition is under way to accommodate a Fresh Market on a lot across from The Galleria in Mt. Lebanon.
And Fletcher, N.C.-based Earth Fare Market next week intends to present a proposal to Upper St. Clair officials to open its first Pennsylvania store in the former Dick's Sporting Goods location at South Hills Village.
The planned Whole Foods store, with 222 parking spaces, would occupy part of the 28-acre lot at the corner of Washington and Fort Couch roads, across from South Hills Village mall.
Property owners Hal Kestler and Gerard Cipriani spent months working with township officials last year to allow "mixed-use" zoning for retail and housing on the former Consol property. Upper St. Clair planning director Scott Brilhart said the developers have not filed plans for approval.
Crews are razing the office building that housed Consol until 2008, when the company moved to Cecil.
Cipriani and Kestler told the township of plans to develop "upscale" retail there, hinting to neighbors about Whole Foods and potentially relocating Best Buy from Bethel Park.
Residents expressed concern about traffic and customers the grocer would draw from other communities.
Matthew Santoni is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 412-380-5625 or email@example.com.


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Sat W needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 162 designs submitted by 36 freelance designers.
gizport offers an online tech support information for consumer electronics and appliances, repair services, manuals, guides, faqs, troubleshooting and latest ( worldwide ) products shopping. (like FixYa.com, retrevo.com, epinions.com...).
Our focus is on;
Gender Male 60%, Female 40%
Age 20 - 50
We are looking for a clean and contemporary logo, which is not to techy but very web 2.0, trustworthy, friendly and not too corporate.
We think a blue/green scheme is appealing to our target audience, but we are open for other suggestions.
The logo should be able to be used as:
1. Header of website
2. As part of an advertisement (web or print)
3. As part of header/footer of document, email, business card
4. Ideally, easily adaptable for a favicon.
The files we will require are:
Print file format - .ai (CMYK)
Web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB)
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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MG Investments needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 46 designs submitted by 11 freelance designers.
MG Investments
I am a retired Corporate President of a large construction company in Central Califrornia who built custom homes, residential homes and commercial buildings. We did every project as if it was our personal residence, slow and easy with no drama. We were considered the best of the best in our area and honesty with integrity was the norm. After selling my shares in the corp I started a small company who buys short sale houses - remodels them to perfect and sell them to good families not to the highest bidder. It is and always has been passion of mine to restore old, rundown houses with character and turn them into a piece of art while selling them for very little profit. Good people in a house that can now breath turns simple people into families. That's my intention
Middle to lower income families of 6 or more who work hard every day and love their kids unconditionally. Men and women who have dreams of being a homeowner and persueing the American dream. People who feel "If wishes were horses" - "Dreamers would ride"
No requirements just suggestions
Favorite colors: Crimson & Grey together - Black - Teal green - Indigo blue
Make the desgn with a builders mentality instead of an Investors mentality. A builder with compassion and a builder who strives for perfection
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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AmIAm vs Surgeon General Rap Battle P. 1 [Grind Time Florida]
Drect reports "Battle from Saturday, January 24, 2009 at the Citrus Bowl in downtown Orlando. AmIAm tries to go 2-0 against 3-2 Surgeon General. "
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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Audio exams have become very popular during recent times. The major advantage of this audio exam is that you can study for your examination through audio format. This will be similar like a teacher teaching you in a classroom. Testking 000-267 audio exam have started this option for the candidates to prepare for the examination on the move or at any place/ time etc. Apart from the testking�s audio material, having testking�s study guide material will be a great plus to the candidates while preparation. In case if you are confident with the audio materials alone, then there is no need for study guide.
Testking offers the audio content in Mp3 format and even they can be burnt in separate CD or DVD for convenience. Some candidates will be working for any organization and they might not get time for reading books or go for attending class room training etc. By considering all these issues, testking started with this option to those candidates. Candidates can pay the fee for a particular exam and the study material will be mailed directly. They can be downloaded at any time, any place and used according to your convenience.
Regarding the contents, testking provides materials with well researched and prepared by experienced experts in the same field. All these experienced professionals know exactly about the exam objective and they are fully equipped with the preparation of audio. They create the contents which attract all types of readers and hence testking 000-267 audio exam plays an important role for passing the examination in the very first attempt.
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There once was a tramway into town
November 16, 2012
Workers from Lyndon Jones Construction on Tuesday afternoon installed a plaque in Old Town marking the site of the historic Crescent Tramway.
The plaque is located at the Park Avenue-Heber Avenue intersection. City Hall had the plaque made using an old photograph and text from the Park City Museum.
The Crescent Tramway was three miles long and operated in the 1880s and 1890s, according to the museum. The tramway was a narrow-gauge railroad that wound its way from the Crescent Mine, which was located close to the spot of the modern-era Thaynes chairlift at Park City Mountain Resort, into Old Town.
The route took the tramway along what is now Heber Avenue to the Crescent Mill, which sat close to the location now occupied by the Old Town roundabout.


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As both the game's title and developer Bugbear Entertainment stress, Ridge Racer: Unbounded is not Ridge Racer 8. So, what does the curious subtitle bring with it other than the surprise that it is, in fact, a real word?
On the one hand, to be unbounded is to provide in abundance: certainly the variety of game modes, customisation options and wealth of creation tools of both the basic and advanced track editors fulfil this part of the offbeat moniker.
There's the carnage of Dominate mode, which encourages the creation of short cuts through the destruction of sign-posted environmental targets; this is made possible thanks to a power bar that's fed by indulging the series' iconic drift ability. Survival mode is based on the same premise, but being taken out by another driver, or colliding head on with an unbreakable structure, puts you out of the race for good.
Drift Attack is a less aggressive affair: a race against the clock in which drifting is essential to add precious seconds to the decreasing timer to enable you to finish the course. This is deliciously juxtaposed by Frag Attack, which offers up the multi-tonne Behemoth 200 truck for taking out a convoy of cop cars to earn time and points.
Online multiplayer features the same modes as offline single-player and revolves around the concept of player-owned cities. Each city contains between five and ten player-created tracks and Bugbear is indulging those that wish to throw a course together in a few minutes as well as the more dedicated virtual architect.
The advanced track editor provides options to place level furniture such as chicanes, ramps and genre-defying exploding red barrels, thus adding further layers to the basic building blocks of straights and corners. The game mode for each track is set by its creator, with Bugbear producer Joonas Laakso confident that each mode will be well represented by player-created events online.
"We're trying to deliver enough content so that each mode will find its own fans and people will find bits that they like and create events based on those modes," Laakso explains. "But we're not going to be limiting it, so I guess if we've not done our jobs correctly – and the other modes are crappy - then yes, there could be an imbalance in the modes people use to base their events on."
This is the second pertinent characteristic of Ridge Racer's subtitle, because something that is unbounded is also uncontrolled. In a bid to facilitate player-choice, Bugbear seems to be running the risk of certain elements of Ridge Racer's structure undermining its good intentions by allowing for too much freedom.
The level furniture available in the advanced track editor, for example: presented with an inexhaustible supply of exploding red barrels the temptation to place them on every corner, behind every breakable object and at the top of every ramp will prove too great for many gamers.
"Currently, it is possible to slow the frame-rate to a crawl by piling up your levels with 1,000 exploding barrels, for example," Laakso admits. "So, it's a question of whether we want to restrict that or perhaps have a warning message to say you're approaching the limit of acceptable frame-rate performance, we're not quite sure yet."
Indecision about how best to address potentially game-breaking, barrel-based avarice is one thing, but this uncertainty of approach extends to the basic track editor, too.
The requirement for every circuit to loop back to its starting tile, combined with what is currently an inadequate method of displaying the remaining memory available for track creation, means it's possible to run out of resources before the track is finished, necessitating the removal of earlier tiles to shorten and reshape the track.
However, the most problematic result of this apparent lack of moderation can currently be seen in straight-up multiplayer. The build we played supported six concurrent players but that was sometimes enough to quickly exhaust opportunities for careening through a building to open up a shortcut, which then remains open to all players for all subsequent laps.
With up to 12 players supported in the final game, there's the risk that the closing laps of a race might be devoid of incident, with other players having been there and done that before you've had the chance to blaze your own destructive trail through the environment. With tighter pacing and a little restraint, Bugbear could ensure that the feeling that "anything can happen" could be maintained throughout every race, not just the thrilling opening laps.
Bugbear Entertainment and Nacmo Bandai are taking a bold step in pushing this beloved franchise in a new direction but Ridge Racer: Unbounded is currently being undermined by its own good intentions and occasional inability to effectively communicate with the player. Encouragingly, the underlying game mechanics are enjoyable and the interface and pacing issues could yet be fixed ahead of its March release.
Ultimately then, Ridge Racer: Unbounded requires its limitless ambition to be reined in a little if it's to reach its full potential.


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Alvin H. Strelnick, MD (bio)
Assistant Dean for Community Engagement
Professor of Clinical Family & Social Medicine, Department of Family and Social Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health
Chief, Division of Community Health, Department of Family and Social Medicine
Bronx Hope Programs
Check back soon for more upcoming events.
view calendar
The Bronx-Einstein Alliance for Tobacco-free Health and Environmental Services, the tobacco cessation center serving the Bronx, provides training and technical assistance to health care organizations and clinical providers in tobacco dependence and treatment, as well as community education to increase awareness of the New York State Smokers' Quitline and other tobacco cessation resources. see website
Bronx CREED's mission is to reduce and eliminate ethnic and racial health disparities through promotion, coordination, and integration of health disparities research; community outreach, information dissemination, and collaboration; health disparities education for health professionals, community members, policymakers and public officials; training of investigators at the undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral levels; and strengthening and expanding existing academic-community partnerships in the Bronx. see website
Bronx Healthy Start provides free, voluntary, and confidential medical and social services for pregnant women and their families.
see website
The Healing Arts at Montefiore is a network of programs that uses the arts, creative arts therapies, integrative medicine, and other healing approaches to enhance the quality of life, health and well-being of our patients, associates and community. see website
New York State's first Hispanic Center of Excellence (HCOE) reinforces Einstein's continued presence and participation in the Bronx community, highlighting the College's longstanding institutional commitment to under-represented minorities in the Bronx and throughout the city and state, as well as providing leadership in education and research in health care disparities and Hispanic health issues. see website


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|This specification defines a way for an XMPP client to request an XMPP server to prep and normalize a given JID.
|Lance Stout
|© 1999 – 2018 XMPP Standards Foundation. SEE LEGAL NOTICES.
|Standards Track
|Last Updated:
WARNING: This document has been automatically Deferred after 12 months of inactivity in its previous Experimental state. Implementation of the protocol described herein is not recommended for production systems. However, exploratory implementations are encouraged to resume the standards process.
1. Introduction
2. Discovering support
3. Use Cases
4. Implementation Notes
5. Security Considerations
6. IANA Considerations
7. XMPP Registrar Considerations
7.1. Protocol Namespaces
7.2. Protocol Versioning
7.3. Service Discovery Category/Type
8. XML Schema
A: Document Information
B: Author Information
C: Legal Notices
D: Relation to XMPP
E: Discussion Venue
F: Requirements Conformance
G: Notes
H: Revision History
In order to properly compare and match JIDs, a normalization and prepping step is required by RFC 6122 [1]. The responsibility for such normalization is split between the server and client, where the server is expected to prep any JID slots that it recognizes, particulary those related to stanza routing and roster items. However, the server can not prep JID slots that it does not understand, and so those are left for the client to process.
In some environments (in particular, browser based environments), a client does not have access to the various Unicode and internationalization libraries necessary to properly prep and normalize a JID. For those situations, this protocol defines a way for a client to ask a server to normalize a JID on its behalf.
If a server supports JID prep queries, it MUST specify the 'urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' feature in its service discovery information features as specified in Service Discovery (XEP-0030) [2] and the Entity Capabilities profile specified in Entity Capabilities (XEP-0115) [3].
<iq type="get" to="capulet.lit" from="firstname.lastname@example.com/balcony" id="info1"> <query xmlns="http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info"/> </iq>
<iq type="result" to="email@example.com/balcony" from="capulet.lit" id="info1"> <query xmlns="http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info"> ... <feature var="urn:xmpp:jidprep:0"/> ... </query> </iq>
The JID prep service MAY be supported through the use of an external component (Jabber Component Protocol (XEP-0114) [4]); in which case, the component MUST return an identity of "component/jidprep" in addition to the "urn:xmpp:jidprep:0" feature.
<iq type="result" to="email@example.com/balcony" from="jidprep.capulet.lit" id="info2"> <query xmlns="http://jabber.org/protocol/disco#info"> <identity category="component" type="jidprep" /> ... <feature var="urn:xmpp:jidprep:0" /> </query> </iq>
In order to request prepping for a JID, the client sends an <iq/> stanza of type "get" to the server, containing a <jid/> element qualified by the 'urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' namespace and whose XML character data is the JID in question:
<iq type="get" to="capulet.lit" id="prep1"> <jid xmlns="urn:xmpp:jidprep:0">email@example.com/orchard</jid> </iq>
The server MUST return either an IQ-result or an IQ-error. When returning an IQ-result, the server sends an <iq/> staza of type='result' containing a <jid/> element qualifed by the 'urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' namespace and whose XML character data MUST be the prepped and normalized version of the requested JID:
<iq type="result" to="firstname.lastname@example.com/balcony" from="capulet.lit" id="prep1"> <jid xmlns="urn:xmpp:jidprep:0">email@example.com/orchard</jid> </iq>
If an IQ-error is returned, then it SHOULD specify an error condition of <jid-malformed/> if the given JID could not be processed to a normalized form:
<iq type="error" to="firstname.lastname@example.com/balcony" from="capulet.lit" id="prep1"> <jid xmlns="urn:xmpp:jidprep:0">romeo@@montague.lit/orchard</jid> <error type="modify"> <jid-malformed xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-stanzas" /> </error> </iq>
If a client has the ability to perform the prepping and normalization process itself, it SHOULD NOT make a JID prep request to the server.
Upon a successful response, the client SHOULD cache the result, mapping the original JID to the normalized version.
In order to reduce the number of queries made by clients, the server MUST enforce normalization rules for any JID slots understood by the server (e.g. the to and from attributes, roster item JIDs, etc). [5]
As the process for normalizing a JID can be resource intensive, there is a possibility for denial of service attacks. A server MAY rate limit the number of requests to prevent such attacks. Likewise, the server MAY only respond to requests from users that are local to the server.
This document requires no interaction with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [7].
The XMPP Registrar [8] includes 'urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' in its registry of protocol namespaces (see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/namespaces.html>).
If the protocol defined in this specification undergoes a revision that is not fully backwards-compatible with an older version, the XMPP Registrar shall increment the protocol version number found at the end of the XML namespaces defined herein, as described in Section 4 of XEP-0053.
The XMPP Registrar [8] includes a category of "component" in its registry of Service Discovery identities (see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/disco-categories.html>); as a result of this document, the Registrar includes a type of "jidprep" to that category.
The registry submission is as follows:
<category> <name>component</name> <type> <name>jidprep</name> <desc> A server component that offers a JID prepping and normalization service to constrained clients. </desc> <doc>XEP-0328</doc> </type> </category>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' targetNamespace='urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' xmlns='urn:xmpp:jidprep:0' elementFormDefault='qualified'> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation> The protocol documented by this schema is defined in XEP-xxxx: http://www.xmpp.org/extensions/xep-xxxx.html </xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> <xs:element name='jid'> <xs:complexType> <xs:simpleContent /> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> </xs:schema>
Series: XEP
Number: 0328
Publisher: XMPP Standards Foundation
Status: Deferred
Type: Standards Track
Version: 0.1
Last Updated: 2013-05-28
Approving Body: XMPP Council
Dependencies: XMPP Core, XMPP IM, XEP-0030
Supersedes: None
Superseded By: None
Short Name: NOT_YET_ASSIGNED
Source Control: HTML
This document in other formats: XML PDF
JabberID: email@example.com
The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is defined in the XMPP Core (RFC 6120) and XMPP IM (RFC 6121) specifications contributed by the XMPP Standards Foundation to the Internet Standards Process, which is managed by the Internet Engineering Task Force in accordance with RFC 2026. Any protocol defined in this document has been developed outside the Internet Standards Process and is to be understood as an extension to XMPP rather than as an evolution, development, or modification of XMPP itself.
The primary venue for discussion of XMPP Extension Protocols is the <firstname.lastname@example.com> discussion list.
Discussion on other xmpp.org discussion lists might also be appropriate; see <http://xmpp.org/about/discuss.shtml> for a complete list.
Errata can be sent to <email@example.com>.
The following requirements keywords as used in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119: "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED"; "MUST NOT", "SHALL NOT"; "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED"; "SHOULD NOT", "NOT RECOMMENDED"; "MAY", "OPTIONAL".
1. RFC 6122: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Address Format <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6122>.
2. XEP-0030: Service Discovery <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0030.html>.
3. XEP-0115: Entity Capabilities <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0115.html>.
4. XEP-0114: Jabber Component Protocol <https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0114.html>.
5. This requirement is intended to be subsumed by the requirements introduced in rfc6122bis [6]
6. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Address Format <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-xmpp-6122bis/>. Work in progress.
7. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols, such as port numbers and URI schemes. For further information, see <http://www.iana.org/>.
8. The XMPP Registrar maintains a list of reserved protocol namespaces as well as registries of parameters used in the context of XMPP extension protocols approved by the XMPP Standards Foundation. For further information, see <https://xmpp.org/registrar/>.
Note: Older versions of this specification might be available at http://xmpp.org/extensions/attic/
Initial published version approved by the XMPP Council.(psa)
Incorporated feedback.(lance)
Initial version.(lance)


text:
by Michael Caruso
The Delaware Valley Opera Company (DVOC) opened its 2013 summer season Saturday night with a stellar production of Mozart's "Le Nozze di Figaro" (The Marriage of Figaro). The performance marked two "firsts" for the local company: its first at Stage One in Wallingford, Delaware County, and its first with orchestral accompaniment.
During the more than two decades I've reviewed DVOC's productions, the troupe has performed in several venues. First was the Hermitage Mansion in Roxborough; then came the auditorium of Roxborough High School; that was followed by the auditorium of the Salvation Army's Kroc Center in the farthest reach of East Falls.
All three of these venues were problematic. The Hermitage facility was outdoors and was, therefore, vulnerable to the vagaries of summertime weather. Roxborough High's auditorium isn't air conditioned and often felt like an oven. Also, parking was a challenge. The Kroc Center's auditorium is spacious and air conditioned, and it boasts plentiful, secure parking, but it's located in an unappealing industrial park.
Stage One is part of the Suburban Music School located just off the intersection of Baltimore Pike and the Blue Route. The auditorium does, indeed, have that dreary look of '60s architecture, but it was comfortably cool Saturday evening despite an audience that packed the space. Best of all, it offers room enough for a small chamber orchestra which, in turn, was the strongest element of the performance.
Mozart's "Marriage of Figaro" remains one of the funniest yet most telling comedies in the entire operatic repertoire. Based on the Pierre Beaumarchais play of the same name, Lorenzo da Ponte's libretto is a masterpiece of cunning humor, profound characterization and political dynamite. Saturday night's performance was superbly conducted by Tim Ribchester. His small chamber orchestra offered a solid sonic foundation for a well-chosen cast effectively directed by Germantown's Connie Koppe.
The evening's finest performance was given by soprano Meghan Dewald as the Countess. A woman of surpassing beauty and elegant carriage, Dewald offered a creamy tone, seamless legato, eloquent phrasing and unaffected yet potent acting. Baritone Brian Ming Chu gave an exemplary performance as her wayward husband, Count Almaviva. Baritone Martin Hargrove had a few ensemble problems as Figaro, but soprano Tracy Sturgis was a delightful Susanna. Mezzo Alyssa Lehman was a boyish Cherubino, and Milo Morris was a wily yet engaging Bartolo.
"Marriage of Figaro" will be performed once more on Wednesday, June 19, 8 p.m. For ticket and season information: 215-725-4171 or www.dvopera.org.
The Mary Louise Curtis Branch of Settlement Music School, 416 Queen St. in South Philadelphia, will host "Chamber Music Conversations" Friday, June 21, 3:30 to 8:30 p.m. The event, free and open to the public, is an invitation to adult amateur musicians, music lovers and concertgoers and is a part of "Make Music Philly" celebrating chamber music of all kinds on the first day of summer. Adults are encouraged to bring their own instruments, and ensembles will be organized for anyone interested in playing. The adult chamber music program is offered at all Settlement branches, including those in Germantown (6128 Germantown Ave.) and Willow Grove (318 Davisville Rd.).
Among the many adult amateur musicians already involved in Settlement's chamber music program is Anne Hawkins, who recently moved from Hershey to Wyndmoor, in part to eliminate a two-hour commute to Settlement's Willow Grove Branch.
"Although I played the piano as a child," Hawkins explained, "I only started the cello when I was 25 years old … This is my life right now. This is why I moved to this area, and everything I had hoped would happen is happening. In addition to Settlement, I play in several groups with people I've met at Settlement."
Another local musician in the adult chamber music program is Chestnut Hill's Linda Baldwin. "I majored in piano at Temple University," she said. "One of the requirements for a degree in music education was to take a string class. This was my first exposure to playing the violin, and I really liked it. While a senior in college, I purchased the violin I'm still playing. I studied for a couple of years, first with Florence Rosenzweig, and then with Edgar Ortenburg at Settlement, put down the violin for 10 years until my daughter was 10, and then picked it up and began playing in the Orchestra Society of Philadelphia."
For more information, call 215-320-2683 or visit www.smsmusic.org.


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Galaxy Note 3 Features On Galaxy Note 2 - Complete Guide:
The added functionality of S-pen features on the Galaxy Note 3 are quiet appealing and fascinating. You may have thought it would be great if you had those features in your Galaxy Note 2. So for the people who want the Note 3 features on your Note 2, there is a way to do so.
- Stock Leaked 4.3 version for Note 2 N7100.
- Mod rom v3.5 .
- Pen window manager app to add more apps to pen window.
- Odin flash tool.
- You can use any touchwiz rom which is 4.3 version and should be deodexed.
- There are some issues for the one hand operation and Samsung keyboard FC's while using S-pen(Affects some users only). These issues will be rectified soon.
- If you already have an android 4.3 on your device then follow from the 7th step.
- Download the stock leaked 4.3 version from the above link.
- Extract the file.
- Open Odin, check the box next to PDA button.
- Click on the PDA button and browse for the leaked 4.3 version.
- Then hit the start button and wait for the flashing to complete.
- Once you have got the android 4.3 on your device then, Download the mod rom v3.5.
- Flash mod rom v3.5 from custom recovery.
- Reboot.
- Activate the air command by going into Settings > My device > Air Command.
- You can add more apps to pen window by downloading Pen window manager app.
- For the Note 3 browser and flash bar fix download this file and flash it in the custom recovery.
For any queries just leave a comment.
You can follow us on Twitter and Facebook or subscribe to our RSS feeds for the latest new
Posted on 2:21 AM / 0 comments / Read More


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Back in September 1984, Brabus founder, Bodo Buschmann, took me for a wild ride in a dark-blue 190E with the V8 motor from a 500SE shoehorned under its short bonnet. This unholy marriage of the smallest Mercedes model with a tuned version of the biggest Mercedes engine was a recipe for some serious action.
Bodo did a fast U-turn on the street outside his company, steering as much with his right foot as the tiller. We left a cloud of vaporized Pirelli rubber hanging in the air. Then we rocketed up the local autobahn at speeds far in excess of anything the 190's designers had ever envisioned for their new baby.
For me, this was a spectacular initiation into the world of Brabus. Big-displacement engines in small, relatively light cars is an age-old recipe, but for the smallest car ever to wear the three-pointed star, this was just the beginning.
In the ensuing years, Brabus cars with big engines have been getting more powerful and faster, creating several Guinness World Record entries for fastest Saloon, Estate, SUV and so on along the way.
The Brabus E V12 is now in its third incarnation, and the 730-hp version that was used to set their most recent record has now been eclipsed by a car wearing the Brabus 800 designation.
However, for many Brabus fans, the car that really captured their imagination was the first Brabus Rocket of 2005. Based on the first-generation CLS, the Rocket formula gave the stylish four-door coupe real attitude, turning it into a fire-breathing monster with teeth and claws to match.
Six years down the line, the Rocket 2 made its debut at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, and I drove the precious prototype two weeks before it was wheeled onto the stand.
Standing in the middle of a long defunct steel mill in the heart of Germany's industrial Ruhr region, the battleship grey Rocket 800 looks like something that has just landed from outer space. Its sleek lines stand out in stark contrast to the broken buildings and rusty ironwork of this rough neighborhood.
Yet, the second-generation CLS looks far more at home here than its rather feminine looking predecessor could ever be. Enhanced by the aggressive visage of the Brabus Rocket 800 conversion, Mercedes designer, Hubert Lee's taut and muscular CLS now has the stance of a street fighter, and the firepower to back it up.
Under the bonnet, Brabus uses the very latest full-fat version of its bi-turbo V12 powerhouse. That means 800 hp at 5500 rpm with 812 lb-ft of torque electronically limited down from a potentially axle snapping 1,048 lb-ft.
Installing the V12 motor went down more or less the same path as with the E-Class. "The chassis does not require any modifications as such," explained Jörn Gander, Brabus' Deputy Development Chief. "We substitute the alloy front subframe for an steel one to take the extra weight and torque, and use the E V12 mountings."
The bespoke stainless steel sports exhaust has 200-cell free-flow metal catalysts and a valve control bypass that opens when you go to full throttle for more power and sound.
The big mechanical change is the gearbox. No ancient five-speed automatic this time. Instead, Brabus has finally done what many enthusiasts have been waiting for, uprating and adapting the seven-speed automatic gearbox to work with the mighty V12.
Starting with the latest wet-clutch AMG Speedshift MCT from an S63 AMG, with its 664 lb-ft torque capacity, Brabus strengthened the salient components to bear the onslaught of up to 812 lb-ft.
While the internal strengthening work was a fairly routine task, matching a set of disparate engine and gearbox components that were never meant to work together was more easily said than done.
"In the simplest terms, we had to modify the rear of the V12 motor's block, and an all-new flywheel we machined from a solid billet matches this to the wet-clutch system of the gearbox," explained Jörn. "We then added a larger-capacity cooling system for the gearbox oil."
While in empirical terms, even the standard V12 bi-turbo motor has ample torque to cover its five forward ratios, the extra two gears give it "seven league boots" in the most literal sense.
Seven league boots appear in all three of the books of the Bartimaeus Trilogy, worn by the mercenary Verroq. In The Amulet of Samarkand, Bartimaeus remarks that the boots were created in Medieval Europe by imprisoning a djinni in each boot, who could operate on a theoretical eighth plane. Because of this, the normal rules of time and space do not apply to them.
When it comes to sheer performance, that mythical description practically applies to the Rocket 800. With its traction aided by a 40 percent limited-slip differential, the 4,365-pound Rocket 800 blasts through the 62-mph and 124-mph markers in 3.7 and 9.8 seconds respectively, and reaches 186 in 23.8 seconds on its way to a top speed of 230 mph.
While these numbers are a tad faster than the E V12's thanks to the better gearing and lower frontal area, they do not show the subjective improvement in performance from behind the wheel.
The intermediate gears are stacked closer together, which makes the big V12's power delivery feel sharper and more immediate. As the engine stays in its sweet spot more of the time, it accelerates more aggressively in the mid-range. Between 62 and 124 mph for instance, the perceived thrust is simply mind-boggling and is sustained in a way that no high-revving, naturally aspirated supercar can match.
Best of all, its voice is subtly altered. The baritone V12 now snaps from gear to gear much faster than the five-speeder slurs its ratios, so its throaty roar gets back on song with greater verve.
"Previously, we offered a shorter final drive ratio that either gave you better acceleration, but limited top speed to 196 mph, or the taller 'Nardo' ratio that went to 230 mph. The standard ratio was in between at 212 mph," explained Jörn.
"The standard 2.65:1 rear differential ratio works perfectly with the seven-speed gearbox," he said. "Ratios one to six have the same speed range as the original five, and seven is the equivalent to the Nardo ratio. In the meantime, the closer intermediate ratios deliver better acceleration, while fuel economy at cruise benefits from the taller Seventh gear."
"As always, the biggest issue was getting all the electronics to work perfectly," said Jörn. While the mechanical changes are very much a Mercedes and Brabus parts bin affair, there is no "cheat sheet" for the electronic nightmares all this throws up in a modern car laden with a plethora of electronic control units that need to speak the same language, and be on the same page at any given time.
Modern cars transfer their data via a high-speed CAN-BUS network and in a car as sophisticated as a Mercedes, there can be up to two dozen separate ECUs sending data streams back and forth on the network.
"We practically have to recalibrate every ECU in the car to make sure they are shaking hands correctly," Jörn explained. "It is not just that the checksums have to add up, but we have to ensure there are no data collisions within the network that will throw up a fault code and possibly put the system into 'limp home' mode."
"For a start, the CLS was never meant to have a V12 motor, then the V12 was never meant to work with the seven-speed auto, and so on," he continued. "The ECUs in cars with four-, six-, eight- and 12-cyinders will all be coded differently as the data streams and operating parameters are different."
"And that is just the start of the problems. In a modern Mercedes, there are also ECUs that control things like the air-conditioning. All rely on an ID Code, physical numbers and a message that have to be delivered with special timing to communicate correctly. When all these work correctly, the corresponding ECUs on the network will understand the message correctly," he said.
"The prioritizing of data is another issue here, and the system is set up to know that in an overheating situation, keeping the air-con at [72 degrees] is not as important as engine temperature."
"In the end, it is the less obvious things that you have to think of," said Jörn. "For instance, you have to remember that the V12 motor has a lower redline than the normally aspirated 6.2-liter V8, so the MCT gearbox ECU has to be recalibrated accordingly to upshift at lower engine speeds."
Where the CLS63 AMG uses gas dampers and coil springs in front with air suspension at the rear, the Rocket 800 uses the same bespoke Bilstein coilover system as the E V12. This features height adjustment via its spring pans, and gas dampers with 10-position bounce and rebound adjustment. "This setup gives us the flexibility to tailor the ride and handling for individual owners," said Jörn.
The brakes use massive 380mm cross-drilled discs in front with 360mm discs at the rear clamped by 12- and 6-pot monoblock alloy calipers respectively. While 20-inch wheels are fashionable and look good, 19s are the optimum size to tackle speeds beyond 200 mph.
Thus, like the E V12, the Rocket 800 sits on 9.5x19 Brabus MONO block F wheels all round and shod with 255/35 and 285/30 Yokohama Advan Sport rubber. This is for space reasons as well as the TÜV homologation for the Rocket 800's very high top speed.
All the aero parts are made from carbon fiber, and start with a completely new nose section with the huge air intakes needed to feed the monster engine's larger primary radiator and the engine and gearbox oil coolers. The area above the grille has four small intakes that feed extra ram air to cool the engine bay. The front arches and track are the same width as the CLS63 AMG.
The new side sills lead to the wider rear arch flares, which make the car 40 mm wider overall, and the new rear valance with integrated carbon-fiber underbody diffuser. The rear wing is also made from carbon fiber and sits on two machined alloy stays bolted to the reinforced bootlid.
While such a wing is a bit "Fast and Furious" for Brabus, wind tunnel testing underlined the fact that it had to be that high off the bootlid to make the CLS stable at speeds over 186 mph.
The Rocket 800's luxurious cabin is wrapped and trimmed to perfection in fine Brabus leather with piano wood trim inserts. It is a supremely comfortable place from which to conduct the serious business of compressing time and distance.
Bigger, better, faster, more! The Brabus bi-turbo V12 story just keeps on growing, and with the Rocket 800, it has reached a pinnacle in image as well as outright performance.
To my surprise, a friend who has three Brabus cars, including a CL and an original Rocket with 730-hp V12S motors, e-mailed me to ask about the Rocket 800 the day after I drove it. I wondered how he even knew it existed as five days later, there is still nothing on the Internet. But that, it seems, is the draw of the legendary Brabus Rocket.


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XFree86 4.0 was the first official release of the new XFree86 4 series. The current release (4.0.2) is the latest in that series. XFree86 4 represents a significant redesign of the XFree86 X server. Not all of the hardware drivers from 3.3.x have been ported to 4.x yet, but conversely, 4.x has some hardware support not present in 3.3.x. Our Driver Status document summarizes how the hardware driver support compares between 3.3.6 and 4.0.2. Please check there first before downloading 4.0.2.
The 4.0.1 release introduced a new graphical configuration tool,
xf86cfg", and a text mode interface was added to it for the
4.0.2 release. It is work in progress, but definitely worth trying out.
The trusty old text-based tool "
xf86config" can also be used
for generating X server config files. In addition to these tools, we've
been working on a configuration tool that is built-in to the X
server. It is included in the release, and it works well for some
hardware. To try it out, just run (as root) "
XFree86 -configure".
Each of these configuration options will give you a reasonable starting
point for a suitable configuration file. We've put some effort into
documenting the 4.0.2 config file format, and you can find that
information in the XF86Config manual page. Check that, the driver manual
pages and the related documentation for further information.
Before you go to download and install the binary distributions for this release, please have a quick read through the Installation Document. It may save you some time and help you figure out which of the binary releases you need.
The next section describes what is new in the latest version (4.0.2). The other sections below describe some of the new features and changes between 3.3.x and 4.0. There are lot's of new features, and we definitely don't have enough space to cover them all here.