text:
Interstate 278
Map of New York City with I-278 highlighted in red
|Route information
|Auxiliary route of I‑78
|Maintained by NJDOT, PANYNJ, NYSDOT, NYCDOT, and MTAB&T
|35.62 mi[1][2] (57.32 km)
|1961 – present
|Major junctions
|West end:
|US 1-9 in Linden, NJ
| I-95 / N.J. Turnpike in Elizabeth, NJ
NY 440 in Staten Island, NY
Belt Parkway in Brooklyn, NY
I-478 in Brooklyn, NY
I-495 in Queens, NY
Grand Central Parkway in Queens, NY
I-87 in Bronx, NY
I-895 in Bronx, NY
Bronx River Parkway in Bronx, NY
|East end:
|I-95 / I-295 / I-678 / Hutchinson River Parkway in Bronx, NY
|Highway system
Interstate 278 (I-278) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in New Jersey and New York in the United States. The road runs 35.62 miles (57.32 km) from U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9) in Linden, New Jersey to the Bruckner Interchange in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The majority of I-278 is in New York City, where it serves as a partial beltway and is the only Interstate to pass through all five of the city's boroughs. I-278 follows several freeways, including the Union Freeway in Union County, New Jersey, the Staten Island Expressway (SIE) across Staten Island, the Gowanus Expressway in southern Brooklyn, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (BQE) across northern Brooklyn and Queens, a small part of the Grand Central Parkway in Queens, and a part of the Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx. I-278 also crosses multiple bridges, including the Goethals Bridge, the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, the Kosciuszko Bridge and the Triborough Bridge.
Despite its number, I-278 does not connect to I-78. There were once plans to extend I-278 west to I-78 east of the Route 24 interchange in Springfield, New Jersey. This was cancelled due to opposition from the communities along the route. The segment that does exist in New Jersey was opened in 1969. There were also plans to extend I-78 east across Manhattan and into Brooklyn via the Williamsburg Bridge; this would have been a second location where the two highways would have interchanged, but these plans were also thwarted. In New York, the various parts of I-278 were planned by Robert Moses, an urban planner in New York City. Some of these completed segments predated the Interstate Highway System and are thus not up to standards. Over the years, portions of I-278 have required upgrading. In addition, they tore through many New York City neighborhoods, causing controversy. All of I-278 through New York City was completed by the 1960s. I-87 was once planned to follow the segment of I-278 between the Williamsburg Bridge and the Major Deegan Expressway, but this ultimately became a part of I-278. In addition, the Bruckner Expressway portion of I-278 had been designated with different route numbers. At first, it was to be I-895 between I-87 and the Sheridan Expressway and I-678 past there. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway and the Sheridan Expressway to I-95 (with no route number for the Bruckner Expressway past there) before the current numbering took place by 1970, with I-895 designated onto the Sheridan Expressway.
- 1 Route description
- 2 History
- 3 Exit list
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Route description
New Jersey
The New Jersey segment of I-278 begins in Linden, Union County at the junction with US 1 and US 9 (US 1-9), where it merges into the southbound direction of that road. The freeway heads east and carries two lanes in each direction, with the eastbound direction widening to three lanes.[1] I-278 runs between urban residential areas to the north and the Bayway Refinery to the south as it continues into Elizabeth.[1][3] In this area, the road meets Route 439 and the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) at the only intermediate interchange that I-278 has in New Jersey.[1] This short length is sometimes called the Union Freeway. After the New Jersey Turnpike, I-278 turns southeast and crosses the Arthur Kill on the four-lane Goethals Bridge to Staten Island, a borough of New York City. This bridge is maintained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[1][3]
Staten Island Expressway
Upon coming onto Staten Island, I-278 becomes the Staten Island Expressway.[3] After the Goethals Bridge, the highway has a toll plaza serving the bridge. At this point, the freeway becomes eight lanes and maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation, coming to an exit for Western Avenue and Forest Avenue before reaching a directional interchange with New York State Route 440 (NY 440, named the West Shore Expressway). NY 440 forms a concurrency with I-278 and the road heads into residential neighborhoods. The road carries four lanes eastbound and three lanes westbound as it comes to the exit serving Richmond Avenue. Immediately after, NY 440 splits from the Staten Island Expressway at a large interchange, heading north on the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway.[2][3] This interchange also provides access to Victory Boulevard.[2] The six-lane I-278 turns to the east past this point, with Gannon Avenue serving as a frontage road, and reaches the Bradley Avenue exit.[2][3]
The next interchange the Staten Island Expressway is with Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue.[2] At this interchange, the freeway gains a bus lane in each direction that also serves as a high-occupancy vehicle lane during rush hours.[4] After Todt Hill Road, I-278 runs through a wooded area where it comes to an incomplete interchange that was to be the northern terminus of the Richmond Parkway.[3][5] The road continues back into residential areas and comes to an interchange serving Clove Road and Richmond Road.[2][3] The next interchange the freeway has is with Hylan Boulevard.[2] A short distance later, the Staten Island Expressway comes to a large interchange that serves Lily Pond Road and Bay Street. Immediately after, I-278 reaches the toll plaza for the Verrazano Narrows Bridge.[2][3] Following the toll plaza, I-278 goes onto the Verrazano Narrows Bridge linking to Brooklyn over the Narrows. This bridge, which is maintained by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, has six lanes on the lower level and six lanes on the upper level.[3][6] In addition to local traffic on Staten Island, the expressway provides the most direct route from Brooklyn and Long Island to New Jersey. It is widely known throughout the New York area as one of the most congested roads in the city.[7]
Gowanus Expressway
After the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, I-278 continues into Brooklyn on the Gowanus Expressway. Immediately after the bridge, the freeway comes to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance for the Belt Parkway. After this, a full interchange serves 92nd Street at which point I-278 becomes a single-level six-lane freeway. Along this road, one of the eastbound lanes serves as a high-occupancy vehicle lane.[8] The Gowanus Expressway continues northeast into urban residential neighborhoods and reaches an eastbound interchange at Fort Hamilton Parkway and a westbound interchange at 86th Street. Turning more to the north, I-278 comes to a partial interchange at 65th Street, with an exit eastbound and entrance eastbound. The road curves northwest at this point and comes to a directional interchange providing access to 3rd Avenue and the Belt Parkway.[2][3] The Gowanus Expressway turns northeast again at this interchange and continues along an elevated alignment through urban residential and commercial areas.[3] Along this viaduct, I-278 has interchanges with 38th Street/39th Street and the western terminus of NY 27 (Prospect Expressway). After the NY 27 interchange, the freeway widens to eight lanes and heads north, coming to an interchange with the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel approach (I-478), with the exit ramps splitting from the median of I-278. Westbound access to the tunnel is provided by the Hamilton Avenue exit.[2][3]
In this area, the freeway passes over the Gowanus Canal, an extremely polluted canal that was once used for shipping, and has been designated a Superfund Site by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Brooklyn–Queens Expressway
At this interchange, I-278 heads north onto the six-lane Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, passing through urban neighborhoods near downtown Brooklyn on a depressed alignment.[3] The next interchange the highway reaches serves Atlantic Avenue.[2] After Atlantic Avenue, the road runs along the East River harbor in downtown Brooklyn and is partially covered to create the Brooklyn Heights Promenade.[3] I-278, at this point maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation, makes a sharp turn to the east away from the East River and comes to an interchange serving the Brooklyn Bridge and Cadman Plaza.[2][3][9] The freeway continues on an elevated alignment and makes a turn southeast as it comes to ramps accessing the Manhattan Bridge.[2][3] The highway becomes state maintained again and reaches at an exit serving Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue.[2][9] At this point, the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway continues east through residential areas and turns northeast upon coming to the Wythe Avenue/Kent Avenue exit. The road passes through the Williamsburg neighborhood on a depressed alignment, reaching an interchange that serves the Williamsburg Bridge, with an exit at Metropolitan Avenue a short distance later. I-278 becomes elevated again as it passes through more neighborhoods and comes to the interchange with Humboldt Street/McGuinness Boulevard. The Brooklyn–Queens Expressway enters more industrial areas as it comes to Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue.[2][3]
I-278 crosses the Newtown Creek into Queens on the Kosciuszko Bridge. Upon entering Queens, the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway runs north between residential neighborhoods to the east and Calvary Cemetery to the west before coming to an interchange with I-495.[2][3] After I-495, the freeway makes a turn to the east, passing over homes before crossing over New Calvary Cemetery.[3] The road turns northeast through more urban neighborhoods and reaches an interchange at NY 25 (Queens Boulevard).[2][3] At this point, I-278 becomes city maintained again and passes under the Long Island Rail Road's Main Line as it continues into a depressed alignment.[3][9] The Brooklyn–Queens Expressway turns north as it comes to the exit for Broadway and Roosevelt Avenue. I-278 heads back onto a viaduct and comes to a single-point urban interchange at NY 25A. A short distance past NY 25A, the freeway splits into east and west segments with four lanes each that respectively merge into the Grand Central Parkway east- and west-bound; Astoria Blvd is accessible from either;[2][3] both legs receive interstate highway funding.[10]
Grand Central Parkway and RFK Bridge
I-278 turns west to run along the eight-lane state-maintained Grand Central Parkway, with Astoria Boulevard (and Hoyt Avenue later on) serving as a frontage road.[3][9] The frontage road serves as a truck route since large trucks are not permitted on the Grand Central. (Since November 2003, small trucks have been allowed on the Grand Central, an exception to the law prohibiting trucks on parkways in New York State.) The road runs along a depressed alignment, passing under Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.[3] At the 31st Street interchange, the Grand Central Parkway overlap ends, and I-278 continues northwest as an eight-lane freeway over neighborhoods.[2][3] The road crosses the Hell Gate on the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, maintained by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, and comes onto Wards Island, which is a part of the borough of Manhattan.[3][6] On Wards Island, the road heads north through Wards Island Park and passes to the east of Manhattan Psychiatric Center as it heads onto Randall's Island.[3] I-278 comes to a toll plaza before an interchange that provides access to Franklin D. Roosevelt Drive by way of another segment of the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge over the Harlem River. After this interchange, the Triborough Bridge carries the route over the Bronx Kill into the Bronx.[2][3]
Bruckner Expressway
In the Bronx, I-278 becomes the Bruckner Expressway and reaches an interchange with the southern terminus of I-87 (Major Deegan Expressway).[2] At this point, the Bruckner Expressway heads northeast on a six-lane elevated alignment through industrial areas with some residences, paralleling the Northeast Corridor.[3] Along this section, there is a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for 138th Street.[2] I-895 splits from the eastbound direction of I-278 as the Bruckner Expressway makes a turn to the east into residential and commercial neighborhoods on a surface alignment, crossing the Bronx River on a drawbridge.[2][3] The road has an interchange at Hunts Point Avenue before coming to the Bronx River Parkway. Continuing east, the road has an exit serving White Plains Road and Castle Hill Avenue.[2] I-278's eastern terminus is at the Bruckner Interchange further to the east. Here, the Bruckner Expressway becomes I-95 and continues towards the New England Thruway. At this interchange, I-278 also has access to I-295, I-678, and the Hutchinson River Parkway.[2][3] Legally, the New York section of I-278 is defined as part of Interstate Route Connector 512 and all of Interstate Route Connector 518 in New York Highway Law § 340-a.[11]
New Jersey
The New Jersey portion of freeway was planned in 1955 as the Union Freeway and designated as I-278 in 1958. It was to connect the Goethals Bridge west to I-78 at the tripoint of Springfield, Union Township, and Millburn.[12][13] The western part of this planned freeway faced strong opposition. Even though it was to run along an abandoned railroad right-of-way, it would traverse through dense development in Roselle Park, Kenilworth, and Union Township, thereby making the project further disliked.[14][15][16] By 1967, state officials decided not to pursue the continuation of I-278, and used the funds for I-278 to build I-195 across Central New Jersey instead.[17] Meanwhile, I-278 was built between US 1/9 in Linden and the Goethals Bridge, opening to traffic in 1969 at a cost of $11.5 million.[18]
The Union Freeway Extension was revived again, and was to start at US 1/9, but end at I-287 in Hanover Township, following the Route 24 freeway between I-78 and I-287. Nevertheless, the Federal Highway Administration rejected the proposal, thus ending the I-278 project.[19]
Staten Island Expressway
The Staten Island Expressway was first planned in 1941 as the Cross-Richmond Express Highway, a freeway connecting the Goethals and Verrazano bridges that was a part of a comprehensive system of freeways and parkways for the borough of Staten Island.[20] In 1945, Robert Moses took over planning for the freeway and called it the Clove Lakes Expressway.[21] The plan received approval in stages through the mid-1950s and construction on the expressway began in 1959.[14][22] By this time, the Staten Island Expressway had received the I-278 designation.[12]
The construction of the Staten Island Expressway was particularly noted for the massive movement of earth required to build the section of the highway between Clove Road and Price Street (now Narrows Road North, a service road of the expressway) between Grymes Hill and Emerson Hill. The earth removed from the cut in the hill was placed in a remote section of central Staten Island adjacent to Sea View Hospital and has since been nicknamed "Moses Mountain," as a backhanded compliment to the highway's builder.[23] Originally Moses intended for a spur of the expressway to follow the central ridge of the island, to connect with the Outerbridge Crossing. But local opposition to this spur was tremendous, and unlike previous projects by Moses, it went down to defeat when Mayor John V. Lindsay took office in 1966; the southern half of this proposed spur did get built, however, and was opened for traffic as the Richmond Parkway, which was to have been the name of the entire roadway.[5] The aborted section, from the Expressway to Richmond Avenue, has become part of the park system of New York City known as the Staten Island Greenbelt.[5] A ramp stub of an interchange on the expressway still exists cut into the hillside section of Todt Hill. Part of the trail system of the Greenbelt was using the abandoned overpass bridge as pedestrian crossing of the Expressway up until 2013, when it was dismantled for lane widening improvements.[3][24]
The first link of the Staten Island Expressway opened in January 1964, from the Goethals Bridge to Victory Boulevard. The remainder opened later that year. The freeway had a total cost of $47 million.[25] In 1998, bus lanes were created on the eastern part of the Staten Island Expressway near the Verrazano Narrows Bridge; they were extended west to Todt Hill Road/Slosson Avenue in 2005.[26][27] In 2008, the bus lanes were opened to high-occupancy vehicles during rush hours.[4]
It was announced in July 2008 that a major project to improve the notoriously bad traffic conditions on the expressway is expected to commence in spring of 2010 at a cost of $50 million. Included in the project is the construction of six new on- and off-ramps, improvements to and relocations of existing on- and off-ramps, and other improvements to surrounding roads. This comes following numerous minor improvements to alleviate traffic, such as time/distance displays and designated bus lanes.[24] A brand-new exit 15, which served Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street on the eastern end of Staten Island opened to traffic on July 9, 2012, replacing a former exit further to the east. Signage would also be changed to reflect Fingerboard Road and Lily Pond Avenue rather than Lily Pond and Bay Street.[28] On January 17, 2013, it was announced that the westbound exit 13 was permanently closed in favor of a new interchange setup, which involved two new ramps, exit 13B for Richmond Road and Targee Street and exit 13A for Clove Road and Richmond Road.[29]
Gowanus Expressway
The Gowanus Expressway was initially the Gowanus Parkway, first planned in the 1930s.[30] Construction of the road, overseen by Robert Moses, started in 1939, with the parkway being built on top of the BMT Third Avenue Line. The parkway was completed in 1941 and became part of a Belt Parkway that received the NY 27A designation.[31] The Gowanus Parkway was to be reconstructed into the Gowanus Expressway in the 1950s to connect the Verrazano Narrows Bridge to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. This road was initially planned to be twelve lanes with a 3–3-3–3 configuration, but was reduced to six lanes to reduce disruption to the Bay Ridge neighborhood.[21] The Gowanus Expressway was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and became a component of I-278.[12] The improvements to the Gowanus Expressway into a six-lane freeway configuration was completed in 1964 with a $100 million price tag.[25] The NY 27A designation was removed from the Gowanus Expressway by 1970.[32][33] By 2000, a high-occupancy vehicle lane was added to the eastbound Gowanus Expressway to serve traffic heading toward Manhattan.[8] Over the years, the viaduct structure of the Gowanus Expressway has deteriorated.[34] In 1998, a $16 million feasibility study for a tunnel for the Gowanus Expressway was awarded.[35] The New York State Department of Transportation was considering putting the road in a tunnel,[36] but in November, 2011 the Federal Highway Administration canceled the project.[37] The viaduct's vertical steel supports show material missing due to rust,[38] but the federal government promises it won't collapse.[39]
Brooklyn–Queens Expressway
The Brooklyn–Queens Expressway was initially planned in 1936 as the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, a link between the Gowanus Parkway and the Triborough Bridge .[40] A part of the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway opened in 1939 between Meeker Avenue and NY 25. In 1940, engineering mogul Robert Moses proposed an expressway between Queens and Brooklyn to relieve local streets of congestion from the Manhattan and Williamsburg Bridges.[41] A section between the Williamsburg and Kosciuszko bridges opened in 1950; the road in its entirety was completed in 1964 at a cost of $137 million.[42][43] Construction of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, overseen by Moses, tore through many residential neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens instead of following the East River.[23][44]
In 1958, existing segments of the expressway were eligible for interstate highway funding. For a short time, the segment of highway between the Triborough Bridge and the Williamsburg Bridge was to be designated I-87 and continue north as the Major Deegan Expressway. By 1959, the I-278 designation was given to the entire length of the highway.[12] Since the roadway was constructed prior to modern expressway standards, the road needed to be upgraded to meet standards. By the 1990s, a major multiyear project beginning in the 1980s brought upgrades to the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway.[45] In 1999, a proposal surfaced to put the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway in a tunnel.[46] In the early 2000s, the expressway underwent another upgrade project that replaced many bridges along the route within Downtown brooklyn and Fort Greene.[47]
The BQE was designed by Robert Moses who had originally planned for the two-tiered section in Brooklyn Heights to go straight through Hicks Street, then connect to the Brooklyn Bridge at Adams Street. . Another route that was proposed by Moses would have continued up Hicks Street passed Atlantic Ave removing all the buildings on one side of court street (where Trader Joes is located today) destroying what is now a thriving commercial and residential district, then curving east into Tillary Street (at Cadman Plaza). The Brooklyn Heights Association was able to fight off these proposed routes which created the two-tiered section above Furman Street with the Promenade over it. Today this section of the BQE is in need of repair and the DOT proposed building a tunnel which was unable to get the support or funds. Most likely in the next couple of year one level will be repaired at a time which will force north and south bound traffic on the other level. This has yet to be confirmed by the DOT. [48]
The brief portion of I-278 that follows the Grand Central Parkway between the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway and the Triborough Bridge opened in the 1930s.[49]
Bruckner Expressway
The Bruckner Expressway was originally the Bruckner Boulevard, designated as part of NY 1A.[50][51][52] In the 1930s, a freeway was planned on the Bruckner Boulevard alignment in order to provide a connection between the Triborough Bridge and a freeway leading north into Westchester County.[20][40] Robert Moses took over planning for the road in 1951 and called for an elevated freeway between the Triborough Bridge and the Bronx River and a depressed freeway east of there.[53] Construction on the elevated Bruckner Expressway began in 1957 while it started on the depressed segment in 1959. The depressed portion was opened in 1961 while the elevated portion of the Bruckner Expressway was opened in 1962.[54] In 1972, the large Bruckner Interchange was finished, completing the route.[55] Over the years, the I-278 portion of the Bruckner Expressway has had different designations. When the Interstate Highway System was first created, the road was to be part of I-895 from I-87 to the Sheridan Expressway and I-678 from there to I-95.[12] Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway from I-87 to the Sheridan Expressway, where it would continue on that freeway to I-95, while the Bruckner Expressway was not designated an interstate north of there.[32] By 1970, I-278 was aligned onto its current alignment, with I-895 created along the Sheridan Expressway.[33]
Exit list
This section contains a table that is missing mileposts for one or more junctions. Please help by adding the missing mileposts.
|Old exit
|New exit
|New Jersey
|US 1-9 south – Linden
|Western terminus; proposed link approved by the Port Authority would allow access to US 1-9 north[56]
|Route 439 (Bayway Avenue) to US 1-9 north – Elizabeth, Linden
|I-95 / N.J. Turnpike
|Exit 13 on I-95 / NJ Turnpike
|Arthur Kill
|Goethals Bridge (eastbound toll)
|New York
|Western Avenue
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Forest Avenue
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|NY 440 south (West Shore Expressway) – Outerbridge Crossing
|Western terminus of concurrency with NY 440
|Graniteville–Bulls Head
|South Avenue
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Richmond Avenue
|Victory Boulevard
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|NY 440 north (Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Expressway) – Bayonne Bridge
|Eastern terminus of concurrency with NY 440; exit 10 on NY 440
|Victory Boulevard
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Manor Heights–
Castleton Corners
|Bradley Avenue
|Todt Hill Road / Slosson Avenue
|Concord–Park Hill
|Clove Road / Richmond Road / Targee Street / Hylan Boulevard
|Signed as exits 13A (Clove) and 13B (Richmond / Targee) westbound; Hylan Boulevard only accessible eastbound
|Concord–Shore Acres
|Narrows Road west / Fingerboard Road / Hylan Boulevard
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Fingerboard Road / Lily Pond Avenue – South Beach
|Signed as exits 15S (south) and 15N (north) westbound
|The Narrows
|Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (westbound toll)
|Fort Hamilton
|Belt Parkway east – Kennedy Airport
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit 3 on Belt Parkway
|Bay Ridge
|92nd Street – Bay Ridge
|Fort Hamilton Parkway
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|86th Street
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Sunset Park
|7th Avenue / 65th Street / 6th Avenue
|Third Avenue
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|Belt Parkway east
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; western terminus of the Belt Parkway
|Greenwood Heights
|38th Street / 39th Street
|No entrance ramps
|NY 27 east (Prospect Expressway)
|No westbound entrance from NY 27; western terminus of NY 27
|Red Hook–Carroll Gardens
|Battery Tunnel (I-478) – Manhattan
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit is via exit 26
|Hamilton Avenue
|Signed westbound for Battery Tunnel – Manhattan
|Cobble Hill
|Atlantic Avenue
|Brooklyn Heights
|Cadman Plaza West
|Signed as exit 28 westbound
|Brooklyn Bridge
|Westbound exit is via exit 28
|Downtown Brooklyn
|Manhattan Bridge
|Westbound exit is via exit 29
|Tillary Street – Brooklyn Civic Center
|Signed as exit 29 westbound
|Clinton Hill
|Flushing Avenue
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|Wythe Avenue / Kent Avenue
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Williamsburg Bridge – Manhattan
|Eastbound exit is via exit 32
|Metropolitan Avenue
|Signed as exit 32 eastbound
|Humboldt Street / McGuinness Boulevard
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|Greenpoint–East Williamsburg
|Meeker Avenue / Morgan Avenue
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Newtown Creek
|Kosciuszko Bridge
|I-495 (Long Island Expressway) / 48th Street / Greenpoint Avenue – Midtown Tunnel, Eastern Long Island
|Westbound exit to I-495 east is via service road; no eastbound entrance from I-495 west; exit 17 on I-495
|NY 25 (Queens Boulevard) / 65th Place / 58th Street
|Signed as exits 39E (east) and 39W (west) westbound
|Woodside–Jackson Heights
|Broadway / Roosevelt Avenue
|NY 25A (Northern Boulevard)
|East Elmhurst
|Grand Central Parkway east – LaGuardia Airport
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit 4 on Grand Central Parkway
|30th Avenue
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|Astoria Boulevard west
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
|Grand Central Parkway east – LaGuardia Airport
|Eastern terminus of concurrency with the Grand Central Parkway; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|31st Street / Astoria Boulevard
|Western terminus of the Grand Central Parkway
|East River
|Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (suspension span)
|New York
|Randall's Island
|Randall's Island
|Westbound exit only
|FDR Drive – Manhattan, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Icahn Stadium
|Toll collected in both directions on I-278 mainline and on Manhattan exit
|Hell Gate
|Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (truss span)
|Port Morris
|I-87 north (Major Deegan Expressway) – Albany
|Southern terminus of I-87
|East 138th Street
|Westbound entrance closed
|Hunts Point
|I-895 north (Sheridan Expressway) to East 177th Street
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; southern terminus of I-895
|Hunts Point Avenue – Hunts Point Market
|Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
|Bronx River Avenue
|Westbound exit only
|Bronx River Parkway north – White Plains
|No westbound exit; exit 2 on Bronx Parkway
|White Plains Road / Castle Hill Avenue
|Throggs Neck
|I-295 south (Throgs Neck Bridge) / I-678 south (Whitestone Bridge) / Hutchinson River Parkway north / Zerega Avenue
|Eastbound exit and westbound entrance;
exit 19W on I-678; exit 12 on I-295
|I-95 north (Bruckner Expressway) – New Haven
|Eastern terminus; exit 6B on I-95
|1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "I-278 Straight Line Diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 9, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 "2010 Traffic Volume Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. July 25, 2011. pp. 204–205. Retrieved April 9, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 Google (February 9, 2010). "overview of Interstate 278" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved February 9, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yates, Maura (January 11, 2008). "Staten Island Expressway bus lane open to HOV starting Monday". Staten Island Advance. Retrieved February 9, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 O'Grady, Jim (November 22, 1998). "Neighborhood Report: Staten Island Up Close; Greenbelt Fans Want Routes Off the Maps". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "MTA Bridges and Tunnels". MTA Bridges & Tunnels. Retrieved February 10, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Staten Island Expressway Bridge Rehabilitation and TSM Measures. TRC Companies, Inc.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Liff, Bob (March 6, 2000). "Study: Keep HOV Lane at Gowanus". New York Daily News.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "NYSDOT – Region 11 (New York City) Built and Unbuilt Arterial System". New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 3, 2007.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ NYCDOT Bridges &Tunnels Annual Condition Report 2010 (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. p. 199.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New York Designation Of State Interstate Routes, New York Assembly, retrieved December 19, 2009<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Wright, George Cable (September 19, 1958). "New Roads with New Numbers Will Parallel Old U.S. Routes". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Township of Millburn in the County of Essex New Jersey (Map). Millburn, New Jersey. 1968. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Arterial Progress 1959–1965. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. 1965.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Union County Sheet 1 (Map). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Union County Sheet 2 (Map). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New Jersey Highway Facts. New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Elizabeth Link to Goethals Bridge Set To Open". The New York Times. October 29, 1969.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Report on the Status of the Federal-Aid Highway Program. U.S. Senate Committee on Public Works. 1970.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Master Plan: Express Highways, Parkways and Major Streets. New York City Planning Department. 1941.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Joint Study of Arterial Facilities. Port of New York Authority and Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. 1955.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bennett, Charles G. (June 20, 1957). "Span Approaches Approved by City". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Caro, Robert A. (1974). The Power Broker. Vintage Books-Random House.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "State announces $50M project to improve X-way". Staten Island Advance. August 1, 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 21, 1964). "Hour Will Be Cut for Some Trips". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Push Is On for Varied Road Tolls". New York Daily News. November 23, 1998.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Solomonow, Seth (November 27, 2005). "New Bus Lanes Earn Cheers, Jeers from Motorists". Staten Island Advance.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "New Last Exit Before Brooklyn-bound Verrazano-Narrows Bridge In Place Beginning Mon., July 9th" (Press release). New York, New York: MTA Bridges and Tunnels. July 6, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sedon, Michael (January 18, 2013). "comments New Exit 13B opens on Staten Island Expressway". Staten Island Advanced. Retrieved August 1, 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New Parkways in New York City. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1937.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "More Moses Loops Form". The New York Times. June 29, 1941.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Map of Metropolitan New York (Map). Cartography by H.M. Gousha. Chevron Oil Company. 1969.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Map of New Jersey (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1970.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Herman, Peter and Albert Appleton (November 13, 1996). "Reconstructing the Gowanus: A Tunnel Is a Realistic Alternative to the Elevated Roadway". New York Law Journal.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stamler, Bernard (December 13, 1998). "Gowanus Expressway: Trouble Overhead". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Gowanus Project". New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 30, 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Daniel Bush (1 Dec 2011). "Get used to the Gowanus!". Brooklyn Daily. Retrieved 11 June 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ James Howard Kunstler (1 June 2012). "June 2012 Eyesore of the Month". Eyesore of the Month. Retrieved 6 July 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Daniel Bush (1 Dec 2011). "Gowanus Expressway: History of a highway". The Brooklyn Paper. Retrieved 11 June 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Freeways Are Now Urged". The New York Times. December 13, 1936.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Vital Gaps in the New York Metropolitan Arterial System. Triborough Bridge Authority. 1940.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Opening Set Today for Three Road Links". The New York Times. October 14, 1950.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Brooklyn–Queens Link To Be Completed Today". The New York Times. December 23, 1964.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Liff, Bob (December 4, 1988). "New York: Chess in Concrete". Newsday. New York City.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Faison, Seth (January 4, 1993). "New Year Brings New Road Projects to Test Commuters' Patience". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Samuel, Peter; Poole Jr., Robert W. (1999). How To Build Our Way Out of Congestion (PDF). Reason Public Policy Institute.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Most Of BQE Upgrade To Be Completed By Sept". The Queens Gazette. February 25, 2004. Retrieved February 13, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Garvin, Alexander. The Planning Game. New York, 2013
- ↑ "Motorists on the Road". The New York Times. September 5, 1937.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Thibodeau, William A. (1938). The ALA Green Book (1938–39 ed.). Automobile Legal Association.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New York Info-Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Gulf Oil Company. 1940.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1940.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Traffic Improvement of Bruckner Boulevard. Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. 1951.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Elevated Road To Open in the Bronx". The New York Times. October 18, 1962.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Prial, Frank J. (December 21, 1972). "The Bruckner Interchange Is Open at Last". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Port Authority approves Goethals Bridge 'link' with Routes 1&9". NJ.com. Retrieved 4 October 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Category:{{#property:P373}}|Interstate 278]].
|KML file (edit • help)
- Infobox road maps for Wikidata migration
- Routes needing mileposts
- Jct template errors
- Interstate Highways in New Jersey
- Interstate Highways in New York
- Auxiliary Interstate Highways
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- Transportation in Manhattan
- Transportation in the Bronx
- Transportation in Union County, New Jersey


text:
I am so glad we finally got the new Review Site rockin' n rollin', because the Dr Dick Review Crew has been itchin' to update you on a whole bunch of new products.
Have you visited Dr Dick's Set Toy Reviews yet? If not, what the hell are you waiting for? It's so cool; easy to navigate, easy to search and each product has it's own review. You can even search for all the reviews done by your favorite Review Crew member. CHECK IT OUT!
This week's Review Crew include: Jada and Jack & Karen.
Jada is here with a Jelique product.
Tasty Twist Oral-Sex Balm $10.95
Jada: "I love this new site, Dr Dick's Set Toy Reviews; I'm so proud to be part of this effort.
I would like to introduce you to an interesting product — Tasty Twist Oral-Sex Balm. It's a creamy lotion one applies to one's genitals, or the genitals of a partner to flavor them up and make them tingle.
I should say from the outset that I would have never considered using this product had I seen it in the store. I would have simply passed it by. You see, I like the way I taste and smell when I am aroused.
I used Tasty Twist Oral-Sex Balm first by myself. It has an intense butter cream scent. It has a pleasant enough taste with a hint of mint. I licked some off my finger first before I put some around my labia. The hint of mint comes from the menthol in the ingredients. This, I assume, is also what adds the tingling effect.
It tastes like icing on a cake. It's sweet to the tongue, but it also has a bit of a chemical aftertaste. Maybe that's the mineral oil base; I don't know. What I do know for sure is that, because of the mineral oil base, this product is not compatible with latex condoms. But I believe that Tasty Twist Oral-Sex Balm is geared toward masturbation and oral sex.
Full Review HERE!
Jack & Karen are here with another Jelique product.
Tooshies $8.95
Karen: "I'm a new-cumer to anal. Sometimes it takes me a while to warm up to this particular activity."
Jack: "I love her for trying anal. She did it just to please me."
Karen: "Well, that and it feels great once I get over the first hurtle."
Jack: "We were lucky enough to score Tooshies to review. It's a minty flavored Benzocaine based numbing gel formulated to ease the initial discomfort of anal sex."
Karen: "We've been looking around for such a product, but didn't know which one to choose. Or if such gels and or lube worked."
Jack: "Tooshies works!"
Karen: "It does; that's for sure. It's just the thing I need to boost my confidence and to desensitize my rectum. I just have to say, Benzocaine is not for everyone. It's pretty common for some people to have an allergic reaction to it. I suggest you try a little dab on the inside of your elbow first to see if you have a reaction or not. The inside of your elbow is not the same thing as the mucus membranes in you rectum, but you'll have a better sense of things nonetheless."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"Crypto-games.net is an online slot machine game for playing with crypto currencies. "...See More
Terms & Conditions
Please read these Terms and Conditions ("Agreement", "Terms and Conditions") carefully before using coin-street.com ("the Site"). This Agreement sets forth the legally binding terms and conditions for your use of the Site at coin-street.com. By accessing or using the Site in any manner, including, but not limited to, visiting or browsing the Site or contributing content or other materials to the Site, you agree to be bound by these Terms and Conditions. Capitalized terms are defined in this Agreement.User Activity
Your use of any information or materials on this website is entirely at your own risk. Spamming, bad language, non-informative comments/posts will be removed without notice.Changes To This Agreement
Terms & Conditions will be updated continuously. Your continued use of the Site after any such changes constitutes your acceptance of the new Terms and Conditions. Please review this Agreement periodically for changes. If you do not agree to any of this Agreement or any changes to this Agreement, do not use, access or continue to access the Site or discontinue any use of the Site immediately.Privacy Policy
We are committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement.Images and Content
Some images and text are gathered from the world wide web. We try to make sure that they are all legal to re-distribute on our news site. However, do you find any images or content that we are infringing please send us an email to email@example.com and we will make sure they are promptly removed. The content of the pages of this website is for your general information and use only. It is subject to change without notice.Links To Other Sites
Our Site may contain links to third-party sites that are not owned or controlled by coin-street.com. coin-street has no control over, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third party sites or services. We strongly advise you to read the terms and conditions and privacy policy of any third-party site that you visit.
"Crypto-games.net is an online slot machine game for playing with crypto currencies. "...See More


text:
Imagine making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land with a masterful teacher and storyteller without leaving the comfort of home. "Jesus: A Pilgrimage," by Jesuit Father James Martin, takes you on this journey and much more.
What sets this book apart is the seamless way in which Father Martin weaves together the place where Jesus lived with biblical study. The personal stories that are interspersed throughout each chapter act like leaven that make Scripture come alive. Also included in each chapter are spiritual reflections that challenge the reader to answer the question, "What does this mean for me?"
It is obvious that Father Martin has a deep love of Jesus that he's eager to share with the ordinary person. Often when an author attempts to marry high-level biblical studies with all of the different elements of place, personal stories and spiritual reflection, the reader is lost in a sea of Church-speak. Not so with this book. What makes this such an outstanding book is the fact that it meets people where they are in their quest to know Jesus.
While, most of us would jump at the opportunity to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, that was not the case with Father Martin, who shares early in the book that he was very reluctant to make the trip for fear that it would ruin his mental images of the places mentioned in the Gospels. The outcome of his change of heart is quality writing that makes the world of first-century Nazareth come alive. In each chapter we discover more about the life and times of Jesus, leading to a deeper understanding of him.
This isn't your usual tour of the Holy Land. In the chapter "Parables," Father Martin recounts his quest to find the Bay of Parables. After following a path marked with violet stones, Father Martin and his traveling companion found themselves on the rim of a natural amphitheater. Amazingly, all around them was rocky ground, fertile ground, stony ground and even a thorn bush — just like what is described in the parable of the sower. This was a reality that Father Martin had never considered. Jesus wasn't talking in generalities; he was talking about the things right around him.
Thankfully, there isn't a strict sequential order to follow in reading the book. Each chapter stands alone. During Holy Week, I skipped ahead and read about Jesus' death and resurrection. I'm glad I did.
In Chapter 22, "Risen," Father Martin tells the story of the most powerful spiritual experience of his entire pilgrimage.
This experience at Jesus' tomb in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem both affirms and confirms the risen Jesus.
The bottom line: "Jesus: A Pilgrimage" is a great tool to get to know Jesus better.
Lori Neumann is OSV's associate parish acquisitions editor.
For more summer book reviews: Swing into summer reads
Copyright © 1996-2019 Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.


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text:
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...I tend to shy away from overly sweet desserts, but I must admit I have a real weakness for coffee cake. I've been testing recipes this past week in an attempt to find something new to serve for breakfast or brunch during the holidays. Fortunately, I'm still in meeting mode, so I have lots of testers and I'm getting lots of feedback about my efforts. When I saw a photo of this cake on the Huffington Post, I knew I had to try it. The recipe was originally developed for Food and Wine magazine and I backtracked to their site for the recipe. At first glance, the recipe appeared overly involved, but as I stepped through it I could see that is was divided into three distinct parts, and none of them was difficult. I decided to give it a try. The finished cake is quite nice, but I found it to be a bit dry. I will be making it again because the flavors are delicious, but I plan to use less flour in the cake and I want to cut back on the amount of streusel that's used to top it. I never thought I'd say a cake has too much streusel, but I've meet my match here. The pecan and cardamom crumbs are delicious, but I think they weigh the cake down and contribute to its dryness. Less would be more. I hope I haven't discouraged you because this is a wonderful coffee cake and I hope you will give it a try. Here's how it is made.
Pecan Streusel Coffee Cake...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite courtesy of Food and Wine magazine
Crumb Topping
2 cups pecans
1 cup unsalted butter, melted
3/4 cup light brown sugar
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1/2 teaspoon ground cardamom
1/2 teaspoon salt
2-2/3 cups all-purpose flour
3 cups all-purpose flour
1-1/4 cups sugar
1-1/2 teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon salt
2 large eggs
1 cup whole milk
3/4 cup unsalted butter, melted
2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
1/2 cup confectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
2 teaspoons whole milk
1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1) Preheat oven to350 degrees F. Position a rack in center of the oven. Butter a 9-by-13-inch metal baking pan.
2) To make crumb topping: Spread pecans on a rimmed baking sheet and toast for 8 minutes, until browned. Let cool, then coarsely chop nuts. In a medium bowl, stir melted butter with both sugars, cardamom and salt. Add flour and stir until clumpy. Stir in chopped nuts.
3) To make cake: In a large bowl, whisk flour with sugar, baking powder and salt.
In a medium bowl, whisk eggs with milk, melted butter and vanilla. Add egg mixture to dry ingredients and stir until just combined. Scrape batter into prepared baking pan, smoothing the surface. Scatter crumbs in large clumps over cake; crumb layer will be quite deep. Bake for about 55 minutes, until crumbs are golden and firm and a tester inserted in center of the cake comes out clean. If crumbs brown before the cake is done, cover the cake loosely with foil. Transfer pan to a rack to cool.
4) To make glaze: In a bowl, whisk all of glaze ingredients together. Drizzle glaze over cake; let cool slightly. Serve warm or at room temperature. Cake can be kept covered at room temperature for up to 3 days. Yield: 15 servings.
One Year Ago Today: Baked (American) Indian Pudding
Two Years Ago Today: Broccoli Pesto and Pasta with Pesto and Peas
Three Years Ago Today: Cranberry Bread Pudding with Orange Hard Sauce


text:
Starbucks Makes Play to Keep Cellphone Users Longer
Is Wi-Fi the new latte? Google has teamed with more than 7,000 Starbucks stores to provide free Wi-Fi service, replacing AT&T. Drew FitzGerald offers details on digits.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... while commit Digits I'm slowing Constable ... who can provide forty why Fi and snow box full of look that good stuff happening we don't Drew ... FitzGerald and dwarfing counts helpful but thanks for being is something threatening ... so too will providing free one five ... aam who was basically given eighteen T the bill aam acts at seven thousand more than seven thousand U S Arctic stores ... aam who was not going to be managing a lot of the infrastructure ... you know the wires to cable or elders As Knievel up in a company called level three Communications which actually handles a huge amount of all the Internet traffic ... across the world ... aam blog Google is going to be kind of partnering with level three ... on in in providing this service and Dom you know de Tiller that to to be an ounce ... and its content they and this is what I think it's fantastic ten times faster than the current service game ... Starbucks right that ... gets the name of giving coffee getting in some write the copy that and getting the coffee service ... might be about the same ... light ... on their promising that a give or take ... a little dairy store to store ... it the kind of connection that filled the ... aam ... wiring cooking these stores up to will be ten times as fast eighteen T ... on clean up ... and said that the offers that ATT is perfectly capable ... of acquiring seven thousand stores with with faster internet ... and that says that ... basically imply that they were turned up content into interesting now ... or so while discharging has been mimicking Orchant writes that when you want when this guy's anyone of one of them at what's changing map ... right so um ... Starbucks is also working with Duracell on their about wireless charging mats ... ALM that we'll ... it'll be a slow rollout animal feed every store immediately but ... aam hopefully make it easy or easier for a cell phone owners to just ... off their phone down on the table while the drinks and coffee and headed towards it ... again it's it's all about getting people into the store and painted and again the Windows Store Max Baucus the upside but with the duty to some of the top team at ... what you like the polka safe to walk off ... win with upside the Dougall here ... well that's the big question right the ... they haven't been very clear about exactly what they're going to do with their presence in Starbucks stores on Starbucks and will set the Fed to work on building out their digital network ... aam which obviously ... already nap now includes ... music offers saddle CDO's on drink offers and coupons for warrants and loyalty program ... but they haven't been very specific about what that that's can mean so for now the only benefit could be ... on who gets a lot of nice publicity for him and googles a priority as they've ... said again and again in the past couple years ... has been ... to defraud the other carriers eighteen T Verizon ... aam you cable companies ... to get faster internet ... everywhere because the faster the internet is the more we use the Internet will use the internet ... no I did benefit from the right man for the project ... drew FitzGerald Wall Street John all I'm Simon Qassam on that's it ... that's digits now


text: Hello everyone, I installed Scyld Beowulf 27z-8. When I boot a slave node, here are the lines that seems errors. I can provide the complete log file if you want. (does this list allow attachments?) [...] eth0: 3Com 3C905C Tornado *** INVALID CHECKSUM 002F *** [...] hda: no response (satus = 0xa1), resetting drive hda: no response (satus = 0xa1) hdb: no response (satus = 0xa1), resetting drive hdb: no response (satus = 0xa1) [...] It obviously looks for hard drives though we've diskless nodes ... Here is what the /etc/beowulf/fstab looks like: /dev/ram3 / ext2 fs_size=65536 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 $MASTER:/home /home nfs defaults 0 0 Even displaying these errors, the nodes complete booting sequences and become UP. But if I try to run an MPI program (one of the examples) It says, on master node: p0_7699: p4_error: net_create_slave: bproc_rfork: -1 p4_error: latest msg from perror: Operation not permitted bm_list_7650: p4_error: interrupt SIGINT: 2 and on the slave nodes: vmadump: mmap failed: /usr/lib/mlibbproc.so.1.0.0 Can anyone tell me what is wrong. Thank you. David


text:
Sand Creek Massacre News Release
June 23, 2014
For Immediate Release
Craig Moore, 719-729-3003
"And Still He Stayed!"
July 19th Program at Sand Creek
Join park staff as they discuss the extraordinary life of Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle. The chief's incredible journey to southeastern Colorado and the complexity of his relationships with other Cheyenne, other tribes, and the U.S. government will be explored. Black Kettle's miraculous escape during the Sand Creek Massacre, his untimely death at the Battle of the Washita, and his profound, yet enigmatic legacy will be highlights of the program. On July 19th, the presentation will begin at 11am and last approximately 60 minutes. Visitors should plan on meeting at the park's overlook area. Inclement weather on the day of the event may result in program cancellation; visitors with reservations will be notified.
Entrance to the park is free and gates open at 9am. The visitor contact station offers water and restroom facilities. The park bookstore is open concurrently with the site and offers over fifty titles to interested visitors. Reservations for "And Still He Stayed!" are encouraged, but not required. Please make reservations by calling 719-729-3003.
The Sand Creek Massacre is located in Kiowa County, Colorado. To visit the site, follow Colorado State Highway 96 east off Highway 287 near Eads, or west off Highway 385 at Sheridan Lake. Near Chivington, turn north onto County Road 54/Chief White Antelope Way or at Brandon, turn north onto County Road 59. Follow these roads to their intersections with County Road W. The park entrance is along CR W a mile east (right) of CR 54 or several miles west (left) of CR 59.
Caution Large Vehicles and Motorcyclists: Eight miles of dirt/sand roads lead to the site.


text:
Nancy B. Simmons
Curator-in-Charge, Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology
Professor, Richard Gilder Graduate School
- Email:
- email@example.com
- Phone:
- 212-769-5483
- Fax:
- 212-769-5239
- University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D., 1989
- University of California, Berkeley, Ph.C., 1985
- Pomona College, B.A., 1981
Research Interests
Dr. Simmons specializes in the morphology and evolutionary biology of bats (Chiroptera). She works with both living and fossil species, and is interested in patterns of species diversification, biogeography, the evolution of dietary habits, higher-level bat relationships, early Tertiary fossil bats, and the evolution of flight and echolocation. A morphologist by training, she works with data gained from museum specimens and high-resolution CT scans, combining these with DNA sequence data generated by collaborators to build and test phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses. She conducts fieldwork yearly in the Neotropics, and has lately been expanding her work into Southeast Asia. Most recently she has been collaborating on detailed studies of noctilionoid bats (including the hyperdiverse Neotropical Phyllostomidae) and pteropodids (megabits or Old World Fruit bats). She is also working on detailed studies of Eocene and Oligocene bats from around the world. In addition to her work on bats, Dr. Simmons is part of team working on further development of tools for managing large-scale morphological projects (e.g., MorphoBank) and crowd sourcing collection of phenomic data to help build the Tree of Life.
American Museum of Natural History Youth Science Program
Morpholution: An Authentic Youth Science Program
Researchers Reconstruct the Common Ancestor of Placental Mammals
Gunnell, G., N. B. Simmons, and E. R. Seiffert. 2014. Myzopodidae (Chiroptera) from the Late Paleogene of Egypt: Emended family diagnosis and biogeographic origins of Noctilionoidea. PLoS ONE 9(2): e86712.
Velazco, P. M., R. Gregorin, R. S. Voss, and N. B. Simmons. 2014. Extraordinary local diversity of Disk-winged bats (Thyropteridae: Thyroptera) in northeastern Peru, with the description of a new species and comments on roosting behavior. American Museum Novitates 379: 1-28.
Olival, K. J., C. W. Dick, N. B. Simmons, J. C. Morales, D. Melnkck, K. Dittmar, S, L, Perkins, P. Daszak, and R. Desalle. 2013. Lack of population genetic structure and host specificity in the bat fly, Cyclopodia horsfeldi, across species of Pteropus bats in Southeast Asia. Parasites and Vectors, 6: 231 (18 pp).
Burleigh, G., K. Alphonse, A. J. Alverson, H. M. Bik, C. Blank, A. L. Cirranello, H. Cui, M. Daly, T. G. Dietterich, G. Gasparich, J. Irvine, M. Julius, S. Kaufman, E. Law, J. Liu, L. Moore, M. A. O'Leary, M. Passarotti, S. Ranade, N. B. Simmons, D. W. Stevenson, R. W. Thacker, E. C. Theriot, S. Todorovic, P. M. Velazco, R. L. Walls, J. M. Wolfe, and M. Yu. Next-generation phenomics for the Tree of Life. PLOS Currents Tree of Life, 2013.
Velazco, P. M., H. O'Neill, G. F. Gunnell, S. B. Cooke, R. Rimoli, A. L. Rosenberger, and N. B. Simmons. 2013. Quaternary bat diversity in the Dominican Republic. American Museum Novitates 3779: 1-20. h
O'Leary, M. A., J. I. Bloch, J. J. Flynn, T. J. Gaudin, A. Giallombardo, N. P. Giannini, S. L. Goldberg, B. P. Kraatz, Z. Luo, J. Meng, X. Ni, M. J. Novacek, F. A. Perini, Z. Randall, G. W. Rougier, E. J. Sargis, M. T. Silcox, N. B. Simmons, M. Spaulding, P. M. Velazco, M. Weksler, J. R. Wible, and A. L. Cirranello. 2013. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-KPg radiation of placentals. Science, 339: 662-667.
Giannini, N.P., T. E. Macrini, J. R. Wible, T. P. Rowe, and N. B. Simmons. 2012. The internal nasal skeleton of the bat Pteropus lyeli Andersen, 1908 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 81: 1-17. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2992/007.081.0101
Dávalos, L. M., A. L. Cirranello, J. H. Geisler, and N. B. Simmons. 2012. Understanding phylogenetic incongruence: lessons from phyllostomid bats. Biological Reviews 87: 991—1024.
Nogueria, M. R., I. P. Lima, A. L. Peracchi, and N. B. Simmons. 2012. New genus and species of nectar-feeding bat from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae).
American Museum Novitates 3747: 1—30.
Smith, T., N. B.Simmons, J. Habersetzer, and G. F. Gunnelll. 2012. Systematics and paleobiogeography of early bats. Pp. 23—66 in: G.F. Gunnell and N. B. Simmons (eds.), Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules, and Morphology. Cambridge University Press.
Giannini, N. P., G. F. Gunnell, J. Habersetzer, and N. B. Simmons. 2012. Evolution of body size and related key characters in bats. Pp. 530—555 in: G.F. Gunnell and N. B. Simmons (eds.), Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules, and Morphology. Cambridge University Press.
Almeida, F.C., N. P. Giannini, R. DeSalle, and N. B. Simmons. 2011. Evolutionary relationships of the Old World Fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Another star phylogeny? BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 281-298.
Gunnell, G.F.; J. Habersetzer, E. Schlosser-Strum, N. B. Simmons, and T. Smith. 2011. Primitive chiropteran teeth: the complete dentition of the Messel bat Archaeonycteris trigonodon. Pp. 73-76 in Lehmann, T. & Schaal, S.F.K. (eds), The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203.
Velazco, P. M., and N. B. Simmons. 2011. Systematics and taxonomy of Great Striped-faced bats of the genus Vampyrodes Thomas. 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).
American Museum Novitates 3710: 1-35.
Simmons, N. B., K. L. Seymour, J. Habersetzer, and G. F. Gunnell. 2010. Inferring echolocation in ancient bats. Nature 466: E8.
Lim, B., M. D. Engstrom, F. A. Reid, N. B. Simmons, R.S. Voss, and D. W. Fleck. 2010. A new species of Pteropteryx (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from Western Amazonia with comments on phylogenetic relationships within the genus. American Museum Novitates 3686: 1-20.
Giannini, N. P., F. C. Almeida, N. B. Simmons. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of harpionycterine megabats. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 331: 183-204.
Almeida, F., N.P. Giannini, R. DeSalle, and N. B. Simmons. 2009 The phylogenetic relationships of cynopterine fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Cynopterinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 772-783.
Teaching Experience
Faculty Appointments
- Professor, Richard Guilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, 2008- present
- Adjunct Associate Professor, Ph.D. Program in Biology, CUNY Graduate School, 1993-present
- Adjunct Faculty, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Columbia University, 1997-present
Courses Taught
Graduate Advisees
(Last 5 Years)
- Zachary Calamari, AMNH RGGS, 2013-present
- Miguel Pinto, CUNY, 2009-present
- Susan Tsang, CUNY, 2009-present
- Lauren Oliver, AMNH RGGS, 2011-2013
Graduate Committees
(Last 5 Years)
- Eugenia Gold, AMNH RGGS, 2012-present
- Camino Sanin, Columbia University E3B, 2010- present
- Snorri Sigurdsson, Columbia University E3B, 2008-present
- Esther Quintero, Columbia University E3B, 2006-2010
- Cullen Geiselman, Columbia University E3B, 2004-2010


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ryandxn needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 67 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
YoungRepublicans.tv needs a new logo, we are looking for fresh hot designs! We are looking for creative designers to make this logo amazing. Web 2.0 Logo
We want a logo designed in any way for YoungRepublicans.tv using the Republican elephant which a transparent image can be found here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republ…ed_States) Be creative! YoungRepublicans.tv can be incorporated in the logo, or not. We want to build a brand, so we want something that will stand out. Feel free to add anything you want to the logo. We are going to be doing media, such as online TV and a Podcasts. Web 2.0 Logo.
Creative logo. Original but new.
If you have ideas go for it.
Generic Logos
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Tommy2 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 62 designs submitted by 17 freelance designers.
TrainStation HR
Hi there. TrainStation HR is going to be a new web based application for small and medium organisations where an online training account is created for each employee and they can always access information and training documents quickly and easily.
Small and medium organisations of all industries across the world
I do not require a very complicated logo. Given the title of TrainStation HR, an obvious idea is to have a train of some kind incorporated into the logo.
The overall emphasis is on a positive HR site that offers benefits to employees, offer them the chance to learn new skills and 'keeps their learning on track'...sorry for the cheesy pun!!
I would like there to be blue and white in it ideally to suit the overall colour scheme i have in mind for the site.
Sorry for the vagueness, i will give feedback on any efforts and all will be appreciated.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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At the end of 1957, the ratings data strongly indicated that there was a Monster Culture revolution brewing. SHOCK! had boosted the ratings for KTLA-TV in Los Angeles from seventh to second place; WABC-TV jumped from sixth to first place in the NYC market. Most famously, KRON-TV in San Francisco had increased its ranking 807% with the SHOCK! films. It wasn't long before the popularity of monster movies on television spawned other media manifestations, the most beloved of which were monster movie magazines for kids.
One such mag was Famous Monsters of Filmland, launched in February 1958 by publisher James Warren and editor Forrest J. Ackerman. FM's pages were crammed with reproductions of publicity stills and promotional material for horror movies going back to the age of silent movies. Brief articles covered the work of classic horror movie actors and provided extended explanations of movie plots as well as some production notes. FM was wildly popular with the younger generation of monster-movie lovers, many of whom caught the bug by seeing these films for the first time on SHOCK!--- the first issue of FM had an article called "TV's Monster Parade," in fact.
publisher James Warren in a Topstone mask on issue #1 of FM
Warren Publishing set up its own in-house mail-order service, Captain Company, which advertised in the pages of FM and the subsequent other titles of the Warren publishing line. For kids who couldn't find any monster-related goods at their local department stores, Captain Company mail order must have seemed like paradise: posters, monster novelties, model kits, magazines, costumes, Super 8 reel versions of monster movies, and other fascinating outré items.
Warren expected to turn a much higher profit with Captain Company items than he did with the 35-cent magazine itself. It is not uncommon today to hear old-timers complain that they had been bilked out of their hard-earned allowance money because the Captain Company's sensationalistic come-on ads were not always completely accurate accounts of the item purchased. (Personally, my bitterest rip-off memories involved sending away for a completely cool "giant life-size moon monster" for a $1 in the summer of 1969, but that scam wasn't the work of Captain Company.)
Masks made by the Topstone company were among the most popular items sold by the Captain Company in the pages of FM. Topstone's full-face latex masks were inexpensive ($2.00 plus .25 postage) and usually avoided movie studio licensing fees by presenting monsters and fiends who were not directly tied to specific motion pictures, such as "Gorilla Monster," "Lagoon Monster," "Horrible Melting Man," "Savage Cannibal," and "Girl Vampire." One of the masks was called "Shock Monster."
With the close relationship between Famous Monsters and the SHOCK! broadcasts, I think that we can explain the name change from "Horror Zombie" to "Shock Monster" as an attempt to tap into the enthusiasm that the Captain Company's customer base had for the SHOCK! movies. In other words, the "Shock Monster" mask sold through Warren's mail-order operation was specifically meant to be SHOCK!'s monster mascot.
Into the 1960s and even the 1970s, the Shock Monster became a recognizable and iconic face of the FM vanguard's stake in the Horror Culture Revolution, appearing in Warren magazine graphics, t-shirts, decals, and other items--- you can easily imagine it painted on a hot rod in the mid-1960s. Unlike a t-shirt with a Frankenstein Monster face or a Dracula face design, the Shock Monster could not be identified with any specific film story. The Shock Monster was an unknown, free-floating symbol of excitement for monsters rather than a plug for any specific horror film product. He was, in a sense, an indie monster whose only connection was to the experience of the weekly "Shock Theater" or "Creature Feature" or "Nightmare" movies.
{Information for this blog post was culled from the pages of the Universal Monster Army forum and the Halloween Mask Association forum. Both of these sites are frequented by collectors of all kinds of Horror Culture memorabilia; I have found that many of the folks there are knowledgeable and can be very forthcoming with information about these items.}


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McDowell Recorder
Son-in-Law of Lewis Collins, Murdered at Litwar, Is Arrested
Has Been Placed in County Jail - Will Figures in Case - Conley Maintains His Innocence
June 13, 1924
McDowell Recorder
Son-in-Law of Lewis Collins, Murdered at Litwar, Is Arrested
Has Been Placed in County Jail - Will Figures in Case - Conley Maintains His Innocence
George Conley, son-in-law of Lewis Collins, Litwar merchant murdered in his bed Monday night, was arrested Tuesday afternoon by Chief I. S. Cline, Iaeger, on a warrant charging murder. Conley spent the night in the Iaeger jail, but was brought to the county jail this morning by Chief Cline. Conley maintains his innocence.
At the time a warrant was sworn out against Conley another was issued for the arrest of Arthur Collins, a nephew of the slain man. Young Collins was connected with the crime by reason of the fact that tracks led from the store to his home. Further investigation, however, disclosed that he had spent the night at the Collins home, waiting on a sick home.
Suspicion was early directed toward Conley.
His first wife was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Collins. She and her baby died about a year ago. Saturday Conley was married again, his second wife being a daughter of Elijah Vance. It is understood that at the time of the marriage of Conley to Miss Collins, who was a deaf mute, there had been an understanding between him and Mr. Collins that he would be willed a certain portion of the Collins property. Following the death of his wife, Conley had approached Mr. Collins a number of times on the subject, but no definite agreement had been reached. Recently Conley had left the Collins home, where he had made his home since his first marriage. He was induced to return, it is said, by Mr. Collins promising to build him a home on his property, it being understood that he and his second wife would make their home there.
Arthur Collins, nephew of the murdered man, came under suspicion by reason of certain shoe prints that led to and from the store and the nephew's home.
An investigation of the crime was made Tuesday afternoon by Sheriff W. J. Hatfield, Prosecuting Attorney G. L. Counts and Coroner H. G. Camper.
It was at first thought that Collins had been murdered with some blunt instrument, but an examination disclosed the fact that he had been shot twice above the left ear. A 38-calibre pistol shooting steel-jacketed bullets was used. Mr. Collins had such a pistol, and it is thought that the murder was committed with this gun, which has not been found. The murdered man was known to have kept the gun in the room back of the store, which he used for a bedroom. The theory is that the murderer was well acquainted with Mr. Collins' habits and with the surroundings; that after entering the room he picked up the pistol, which is thought to have been lying on the table, and walking round the bed from the door, to have fired. Had the murderer been a person unfamiliar with surroundings it is thought probably that he would have fired from the side of the bed next the door.
It is now believed that entrance into the bedroom was effected through the door that connects it with the store, and not through the window. That the removal of the window pane was merely a blind.
The time of the murder was first fixed at 1 o'clock, as shots were heard at this hour by a woman who lives nearby. The woman was up with a sick child.
Excitement was tense in Litwar and Ieager yesterday and today as a result of the murder. Lewis Collins was one of the best beloved men of the community, counting all as friends. He was a man of many splendid qualities, charitable and kindly disposed, and the fact of his brutal murder has arroused a strong resentment against the murderer.
Funeral services will probably be held Thursday afternoon at the home. Interment will follow in the family burial ground on what is now the Dr. Iaeger farm, but on property which formerly belonged to the Collins family.
Mr. Collins was murdered in bed early Monday morning. The body was discovered by his son-in-law, George Conley, about 7:30 o'clock, who immediately went to Iaeger and notified Chief Cline. Conley showed the officer where he had found a window pane removed, and he said he thought the murderer had entered by way of the window.
Chief I. S. Cline, Iaeger, who had been investigating the murder of Lewis Collins, found dead in his bed in a room behind his store at Litwar, Tuesday morning, had a long talk today in the county jail with George Conley, son-in-law of the murdered man, who is held for the murder. Conley maintains his innocence, but has been unable to explain away some? damaging circumstantial evidence.
For instance, he told officers that he left the store where he worked with his father-in-law at 8:30 o'clock on the night of the murder, and he named a number of people who were in the store at the time. All the persons named admit having been in the store early in the night, but say that when they left Conley was still there. He also said he went straight home after leaving the store and went to bed. The Collins residence is not a quarter of a mile from the store, yet persons in the house say that he did not arrive there until some time between 11 and 12 p. m. There were probably 20 persons in the Collins house at the time, there for the purpose of sitting up with Floyd Morgan, father of Mrs. Collins, who was very ill, and who was not expected to live.
It was learned this afternoon that a search warrant had been sworn out in Iaeger to search the home of Will Clayton, negro. The search was instigated at the instance of Conley, who suggested today to Chief Cline that the pistols belonging to the murdered man might be found there. There were two pistols on the table in the store bedroom on the night of the murder, and one of these, shooting 38-calibre, steel-jacketed bullets, was used to kill Mr. Collins.
There were no new developments in Lewis Collins' murder case today. George Conley, son-in-law of the murdered man, who is held in jail charged with the murder, has refused to make a statement. He will be questioned further this afternoon by officers as to his actions on the night of the murder.
Chief I. S. Cline, of Iaeger, who has been investigating the case, said that officers were still at loss to fully explain Conley's motives in committing the crime, if he is guilty. It is known that he had been treated as a son by Mr. Collins; that a will in his favor devising the Collins property to him, had been promised and had probably been made, though it is impossible to find this will, and Conley denies that it has been made. He will probably be asked to explain how he knows the will has not been made.
It is further known that Mr. Collins had told Conley to bring his second wife to live with him, making their home there as had Conley and his first wife, who was a daughter of the murdered man. This first wife, who was a deaf mute, died about a year ago in giving birth to a child, the child dying with the mother.
It has been said that during the life time of the first wife Mr. Collins had promised to make a will in favor of Conley. This promise had been renewed after the wife's death, and was again renewed even after Conley married last Saturday for the second time.
Mr. Collins is said to have had $200 in his pockets on the night of the murder. This was missing
So far as is known Conley has not secured counsel. No date for a preliminary hearing has been fixed.
Crime and Punishment


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Q. In the Church's view, what would be an appropriate frequency for confession?
A. Here's a reply from Father Reginald Martin:
The Church's Code of Canon Law stipulates Catholics are bound to confess serious sins each year. "After [reaching] the age of discretion, each of the faithful is bound by an obligation…to confess serious sins at least once a year" (Canon 989). The Catechism of the Catholic Church reminds us we may not approach the Eucharist unless we are in the state of grace. It states, "Anyone aware of having sinned mortally must not receive communion without having received absolution in the sacrament of penance" (No. 1415). The Catechism likewise observes those preparing for marriage should "prepare themselves for the celebration of their marriage by receiving the sacrament of penance" (No. 1622).
These, however, are "minimum" requirements; our baptism unites us in a community with every other baptized Christian. This community is damaged by sin and nourished by the Sacraments of Reconciliation and the Eucharist. The Catechism says: "The confession … of sins, even from a simply human point of view … facilitates our reconciliation with others. Through such an admission man…takes responsibility for [sins], and thereby opens himself again to God and to the communion of the Church" (No. 1455). How often we avail ourselves of the sacrament must remain a personal decision, but frequent — perhaps monthly — confession is probably a good idea.
Copyright © 1996-2019 Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.


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Next Episode of Real Momentum is
As part of Logo's "Real Momentum" documentary series, which takes a look at everyday heroes in the LGBT community, "Real Momentum" Profiles goes a step further in understanding the lives of these remarkable people, thriving in their element. From Mary Seton Corby and Florent Morellet breathing new life into their urban communities, to couple Pam and Susan taking on the toughest terrains, to Mark Randall fostering a new generation of artists, these LGBTs have broken down all barriers to achieve their dreams. (Source: LOGO)
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For Matthews clan, baseball a family affair
CHICAGO -- Approximately one month ago, Gary Matthews Jr. was speaking to a group at the University of Texas about African-Americans in baseball, and specifically Jackie Robinson's historic dreams regarding this exact topic.
Gary Jr. took an educated guess at Robinson's goal for African-Americans to become managers and general managers and owners. Toward the end of this speech, Matthews Jr. brought up his family.
CHICAGO -- Approximately one month ago, Gary Matthews Jr. was speaking to a group at the University of Texas about African-Americans in baseball, and specifically Jackie Robinson's historic dreams regarding this exact topic.
Gary Jr. took an educated guess at Robinson's goal for African-Americans to become managers and general managers and owners. Toward the end of this speech, Matthews Jr. brought up his family.
"I said that I don't know what exactly Jackie's dreams were, but I hope my family owns a small piece of those dreams for African-Americans," Gary Jr. said during a phone interview from his Orange County, Calif., home.
"We've had positions as players, as All-Stars. My father has been a coach, he's been on radio, he's been on TV," Gary Jr. said. "My younger brother has been in the front office. I'm so proud my family has occupied that small piece of those dreams."
The Matthews family has plenty to be thankful for at this time of year. Then again, they have much to be proud of or celebrate at any time on the calendar. And as Gary Jr. explained, some of those greatest achievements came through baseball.
Known to all as "Sarge," Gary Matthews played for five teams over a 16-year career that featured a .281 average and 234 home runs. He currently works on Phillies broadcasts but lives in Chicago, where he found fame as the left fielder of the 1984 Cubs team that came one win away from reaching the World Series.
Del Matthews had a brief Minor League career as part of the Brewers organization but now serves as assistant director of player development and scouting for the White Sox. And Gary Jr. played for seven teams over a 12-year run that included one All-Star selection in 2006 before retiring after the '10 campaign.
Countless young boys grow up playing baseball in their backyard or at the local park, envisioning someday putting on the uniform of their favorite team. The Matthews brothers did their growing up around Major League ballparks and ended up going into the family business.
"We loved this game and this sport and just being around it. Watching Dad prepare, it shaped us with the work ethics we have," Gary Jr. said. "You see your father get up at 6 in the morning, go to breakfast with him and watch him get ready for day games at Wrigley. It can't help but have an impact with the way you work."
"That's all we did was play baseball," Del said. "We'd play catch, go hit, go to the cages. Play baseball in the living room, anywhere we can form a game. We'd play in the tunnel of the stadiums. It's funny now when I'm going home and going through the tunnel [at U.S. Cellular Field] and see other players' kids throwing the ball around and playing baseball. That's what we did."
When Sarge was holding down left field at Wrigley Field, his focus was on helping the Cubs get to the postseason. But every now and then, he would allow himself to look up to the bleachers and see Gary and Del running around with other players' kids. They got to know standouts from Pete Rose to Shawon Dunston along the way, and created lifelong memories.
There was one occasion when Matthews hit a home run with the Braves and Del was serving as batboy. As the father hit home plate, his son was picking up the bat and jumped up to give his dad a high five. Gary Jr. ended up playing the same left field for the Cubs at Wrigley that he watched his dad do 15 years earlier.
"Really unique," Gary Jr. said of the career symmetry with his father. "There aren't words to describe how much it means."
"As a dad, I never pushed baseball," Gary Sr. said. "Even if they had great days, I never said, 'You'll be a Major League player.' We talked more so about going to school."
Playing baseball was a common conversation had between Gary Jr. and Del. Not just playing, but the team where they would end up, winning a World Series, making All-Star squads and playing with and against each other.
They were together in Arizona one Spring Training, with Del part of the Brewers and Gary Jr. with the Cubs, and maybe someday again they can work together as part of a front office. Del returned to the University of Illinois-Chicago after his playing career didn't work out, and he eventually decided to go into the business side of the game.
He ran the Arizona Fall League in 2005 and made his way into MLB's executive-development program, which gave him great experience through a department rotation in New York for one year before being placed with a club. That club was the White Sox, with Matthews having earlier talked to then general manager Ken Williams for a college assignment.
Since the fall of '08, Del has been a full-time and important part of the organization.
"I'm so proud of him," said Gary Jr. of his brother. "The White Sox have been great for him, and he's grown in his professional life. He has a unique skill set."
"Definitely, I'm very thankful and privileged and blessed to have the opportunity to do what I love and have a passion for," Del said. "It's a connection with my dad and my brother, it brings us together. We always have that bond."
Dustin, Dannon and Paige join Gary Jr. and Del as part of the full Matthews family picture. That athletic prowess extends throughout the immediate family, with their cousin Aja Evans an Olympic bobsledder and cousin Fred Evans a defensive lineman for the Vikings.
Both Del and Gary have children of their own, possibly extending the Matthews baseball legacy. One of the grandchildren's present baseball connections comes from singing the seventh-inning stretch at Wrigley with Gary Sr.
With the holidays fast approaching, it's easy to see how it already has been a wonderful baseball life for this tight-knit baseball family.
"There hasn't been a major decision in my life that I've not talked with my dad or my brother about," Del said. "From that standpoint, I feel thankful and a great sense of pride.
"My dad has been there for me and for my brothers. For us to still be able to tap into his life experience and his wisdom, it has made us all better because of that. I take a lot of pride in being my father's son."
Scott Merkin is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Merk's Works, and follow him on Twitter @scottmerkin.


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Following the Mets' GM search brings a couple of thoughts to mind.
I don't see the Mets hiring Sandy Alderson plus Rick Hahn, as has been suggested. I believe the job is Alderson's for the taking, which would enable him to help groom John Ricco to be his successor. I don't think they'll end up hiring one assistant GM (Hahn) when they won't interview their current assistant GM. If they did, they'll take a risk at losing Ricco.
Because of Logan White's proficiency in scouting, I can see him joining Alderson.
Whomever, the Mets hire as their general manager, I'm beginning to think Wally Backman won't be hired as their manager if the new guy has the autonomy the Wilpons have promised. I've seen several list of the top managerial candidates and Backman hasn't been on any of them.
I keep hearing about Backman's spit and fire, but he's not the only fiery personality out there, and that's not the primary quality in a manager. The ability to motivate isn't confined to yelling and over turning the food spread in the clubhouse. There's also game management and dealing with player personalities.
Backman has not proven he can be that on a major league level, and with a team in transition such as the Mets a veteran presence is the best option. Like the general manager, I'd prefer a manager with a track record, one who could groom Backman by bringing him on as a bench coach.
This isn't to say Backman won't eventually become an accomplished major league manager, but I don't believe this is the right time. There's still too much for Backman to learn, and a rebuilding situation like the Mets isn't the best place to start. I keep hearing about Backman's fire and the ties to the 1986 championship team, but that sounds more and more like a gimmick hire.
I just don't see a new general manager tying his success to an unproven manager.


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A Southern Governor breaks with the past
A Southern Governor breaks with the past
By George E. Curry
There are some painful things from my childhood in segregated Tuscaloosa, Ala., that I will never forget. At the top of the list is Gov. George C. Wallace's June 11, 1963 "Stand in the School House Door" at the University of Alabama. I had just completed my sophomore year at Druid High School when Wallace came to my hometown to prevent two African Americans – Vivian Malone and James Hood – from registering for classes at Foster Auditorium.
In his inaugural address as governor, Wallace had promised, "segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever." In an attempt to maintain segregation, Wallace showboated at the university with a state's rights speech in which he had the gall to mention that the federal government was formed on the premise that "individuals are endowed with the rights of life, liberty, and property…" Of course, he was referring to white individuals, not people who looked like me.
Deputy U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach asked Wallace to step aside and allow Malone and Hood to register. After Wallace refused, Katzenbach left and placed a call to President John F. Kennedy. The president federalized the Alabama National Guard and Katzenbach returned later in the day with Gen. Henry Graham, who was now under federal command.
Graham told Wallace, "Sir, it is my sad duty to ask you to step aside under the orders of the president of the United States." After a few more comments, Wallace stepped aside and Vivian Malone and James Hood registered as students.
That was a joyous day on the west side of town, where most Blacks lived.
A year earlier, riots erupted in the state immediately west of us when James Meredith desegregated the University of Mississippi at Oxford. Another segregationist governor, Ross Barnett, led the opposition to Meredith's enrollment. U.S. Marshals and Army military police were called in to restore order. Two people were killed during the riots – a French journalist on assignment and a jukebox repairman. Meredith graduated with a political science degree on August 18, 1963, about two months after Wallace's Stand in the School House Door in neighboring Alabama.
In 1966, Meredith returned to Missisippi to embark on what he called the "March Against Fear," an effort to encourage Blacks in Mississippi to vote. Thirty miles into his 220-mile march from Memphis to Jackson, he was shot several times by a White sniper. Meredith survived the bullet wounds.
On the east side of Alabama, Lester Maddox was elected governor of Georgia in 1966, largely on his reputation as a staunch segregationist. When Blacks tried to integrate his restaurant in 1964, Maddox confronted them with an ax handle. He sold his restaurant rather than comply with the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
North Carolina Gov. Beverly Perdue broke with that racist past when she made the bold decision to pardon the Wilmington Ten just before completing her term. Upon issuing the pardons – the only ones she signed in office – Perdue said, "I believe the Wilmington Ten were victims of the times, and victims of a deep-seeded prejudice and racism that circumvented any kind of likelihood that their trial was fair."
A federal appeals court reached the same conclusion in 1980 when it overturned their conviction on arson and conspiracy charges in connection with the firebombing of a White-owned grocery store. Although an earlier governor had commuted the sentences of the Wilmington Ten, only Perdue would issue pardons of innocence, which had the same effect of their never having been convicted of a crime.
At a luncheon last week sponsored by the National Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation, Perdue has honored for her courage.
For all the talk of a New South, nothing symbolized a changed region more than Perdue