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I have now been in the Springs for three days and have come to know and adore my traveling mates. These traveling journalists with such varied backgrounds and such richly cultured experiences have unknowingly taught me a lot. I have learned that Escargot is really good if it is prepared right, I have learned a couple Aussie phrases, and I have even learned how unconditional love looks through the mannerism of the couples on the tour. I guess this trip has served varying purposes, all of which the universe knew that I needed. And, after two days of waking up early and having full days of fun, food, and fabulousness, what I needed today was to sleep in and that's exactly what I did. Today's festivities would start with a tour of the Palm Springs Art Museum located conveniently adjacent to the Hyatt. So, I could take my time during the morning and walk to meet the crew at the museum for a guided tour.
For many of the young, hip, on-the-go Angelinos out there, being a connoisseur of art may not be on your top list of things to do. However, I would like to challenge you to immerse yourselves in an art gallery, like Palm Springs Art Museum, every now and then. Trust me, it will raise your "coolness" meter a few notches when you can spout off names of some famous artists or art collectors at your next party. I'm sure that Bob Bogard, Director of Marketing Communications and our tour guide for the day, wouldn't have any trouble seeming cool at any party. Bogard provided our group with a wealth of information related to the museum and that art that hung or sat within the 150,000 square foot facility. What amazed me the most is that out of all the art that we viewed, there is still nearly 95% in a secured storage facility in a location that you, nor I, will never know. But what we will come to know is everything about the collections mostly donated by some of the most affluent art collectors in the region. Collections like The Passionate Pursuit: Gifts and Promised Works from Donna and Cargill MacMillan.
The MacMillan's are local collectors whom have spent the last 20 years collecting amazing Modern and Contemporary art from around the world. Their collection consists of sculptures, paintings, design objects, and works on paper. The museum reveals that the "heart of the collection is its sculpture, which engages viewers with its direct appeal to emotion whether contemplating the polished finish of Anish Koper's reflective aluminum and lacquer disc or the abstract expressionism of Anselm Keifer's headless, Gnostic goddess; the hyperrealism of John de Andrea's pensive, reclining nude or the assertive presence of Louise Bourgeois's oversized spider…" In total, the museum houses a collection of more than 7,000 objects, including works by Andy Warhol, Helen Frankenthaller, Hery Moore, Marc Chagall, Pablo Picasso, Robert Rauschenberg, Roy Lichtenstein, and Donald Judd.
On the horizon for the museum is the J
ohn Lautner exhibit titled Between Heaven and Earth. The exhibit will run between February 20th and May 23rd, 2010. Lautner, who is often referred to as the "architect's of architect" created designs that mingled with nature, rather than creating an opposition. You may want to plan on checking it out, so get your tickets now! Museum admission is as little as $12.50 for adults, $10.50 for seniors (62 and over), and $5.00 for students. There are three ways that you can enjoy the museum for free! One, you can become a member, you can stay at a hotel (such as the Hyatt) which often offers passes to the museum, or you can visit the museum on the second Sunday of every month and Thursdays from 4-8p. Now how about that!
After the museum, our group made our way back to the ACE Hotel to view a cooking demonstration with Chef Johnny Vee. Chef Vee recently launched a new cookbook and was there during modernism week to highlight some of the most popular foods of that era. One of those foods, Fondue of course! One of the most interesting things that Chef Vee schooled us on during his demo was the "Etiquette of Fondue." Vee states, "If you are a man and you loose your bread in the fondue pot, you have to buy everyone at the table a drink. If you are a woman and you loose your bread in the fondue pot, then you have to kiss the man to your left." I thought this was hysterical! The next time I go out for Fondue, it will definitely be with wealthy and good-looking men, so either way I will be a winner – drinks and kisses all around!
There was an exciting bonus while at the ACE viewing Chef Vee, I just so happened to meet Jackie Saril who is the creator of The Rack Trap, a wonderful devise for women to hold their necessary items securly in their bra. I first saw this wonderful creation on the Wendy Williams show, so you can imagine how excited I was to meet and speak with its creator. Saril was visiting for Modernism Week and she just so happened to have a few samples of The Rack Trap to give to me and a few of the other ladies. These little pockets are so handy! Trust me, if anyone knows, Wendy Williams would know!
We had already had a full day, but it was only just beginning! Lunch was served at
Zin Café Med and, again, was delicious. Does anyone serve a horrible meal in the Springs? Maybe I just knew all the right things to order. At this Mediterranean inspired café that's perfect for people watching, I opted for the Caesar, "VERSIONE MODERNA", with Baby Romaine Leaves, Roasted Garlic Dressing, Croutons,White Anchovies, and Grana Padano. And, for my entrée I tried the Salsiccia Pizza with Fennel Sausage, Roasted Peppers, Red Onions, Mozzarella, Garlic, and Chiles. Another decadent choice ordered by Jerry, one of my tour mates, was the Veal and Ricotta Meatball Pasta. Created by
Mindy Reed and award-winning
Chef Nicolas Klontz, Zin and second restaurant Zini have been a fast favorite with both tourist and locals alike. The cuisine has just the right balance of Italian, Mediterranean, and American essences, which totes it as being restaurants that you could frequent at least twice per week.
Lunch accomplished it was now time for the piece de resistance, my spa treatment at the Spa Resort Casino, Taking of the Waters! Taking of the Waters is the signature spa service which consist of 5 steps: Mineral Steam to detoxify the body, Sauna to relax and improve circulation, Eucalyptus Inhalation to open up your airway and relax your muscles, Taking of the Waters which is a therapeutic soak in a private sunken tub of famed mineral waters, and finally a visit to the Tranquility Room where you relax with cumber pads placed over your eyes. It is a quick way to renew the body, mind, and spirit. You should definitely give it a try if you are going to be in the area.
Before we ended the night with dinner at Johannes Restaurant, Hillary Angel guided us on an art walk at the Backstreet Art District. Different from the art we saw at the museum, this art was raw and very unique to the artists that developed the pieces. Highlights of the art walk included showcases at Art by Peter Gallery and Studio, Grey Dove Gallery which exhibited art work by Robert Shafer and Giorgos Dimakis, and The Red Dot Gallery.
Now for dinner! Johannes seemed to be in a class of its own with cuisine that is pleasing to the eye and the pallet. The melody of ingredients – spices, sauces, vegetables, meats – were sophisticated and well balanced. To start off, our group order an assortment of Ahi Tuna and Avocado Tartar and Escargot that was baked in garlic, bread crumbs, and green herb butter. I lost my Escargot virginity at Johannes and for that reason alone, I will never forget my experience there. How was it? Sinful! For my entrée, I chose the Roasted Duck with Sautéed Spinach, Roasted Bosc Pear, and a Tangy Orange Tarragon Glaze. The skin of the duck was crispy and golden and the juiciness of the meat flavored by the glaze was sensual, my plate was licked clean and so were the plates of my travel mates!
Another wonderful day and night had passed by. I would have one more day to enjoy the Springs!
For information on any of the mentioned destinations, please check out the following Websites:
Palm Springs Art Museum – www.psmuseum.org
Zin Café – www.zinicafemed.com
Spa Resort Casino – www.sparesortcasino.com
Backstreet Art District – www.backstreetartdistrict.com
Johannes – www.johannesrestaurants.com


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Wednesday, 14 March 2012
Adventuring on my Two Days Off...
5 comments:
- Rhia said...
Definitely sounds like you had the time of your life. Surprising enough, all the time I've spent in England and I've never had afternoon tea, but I think next time I come I have to try that. Perhaps in the Laduree :D
- 14 March 2012 at 06:00
- Miss V. A. Hendricks said...
This sounds like heaven ! Let me know if you'd like company next time you go adventuring in London ?
- 14 March 2012 at 10:41
Love your adventures, thank you for sharing. I do believe that Florence is my favorite female singer, she is amazing! So glad you got a chance to see her live. She needs to come to Nashville! I've never been to London so I love seeing these photos!
- 14 March 2012 at 11:05
You crammed two month's worth of delightful experiences into your two days! I am exhausted merely reading about it. Thank you for including such lovely photos to illustrate your jam-packed, whirlwind tour.
- 14 March 2012 at 14:05
- Sabrina said...
Sounds amazing! I just watched the movie version of The Best of Everything a few weeks ago and really enjoyed it. I should read the book. All the pictures of food makes me so hungry! You always seem to have the best food going on. What a lovely holiday1
- 14 March 2012 at 20:51

subset: commoncrawl


text:
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Detectives have uncovered evidence that a Hollywood studio executive who mysteriously vanished 10 months ago was murdered, even though they have yet to find his body, law enforcement officials said on Thursday.
Gavin Smith, a 57-year-old film distribution executive for 20th Century Fox, was last seen on the night of May 1, 2012, driving in his black Mercedes Benz away from a friend's house in Oak Park, northwest of Los Angeles.
Authorities issued a missing person bulletin for Smith, also known for playing on UCLA's 1975 national championship basketball team under legendary coach John Wooden, and asked for the public's help in finding him.
But the discovery of Smith's car in a storage facility in February led to a break in the case, Los Angeles County Sheriff's spokesman Steve Whitmore said.
"This is a significant change in this case," Whitmore said. "The fact that they found the car, the condition of the car. Preliminarily, they believe Gavin Smith was murdered. The evidence is pretty sound."
Whitmore said detectives had also established what they believe was the motive for Smith's slaying, but he declined to discuss it further.
"They pretty much know what's going on," he said.
Police following a tip recovered the car in Simi Valley, about 20 miles by freeway from the unidentified friend's home in Oak Park. Smith's body has not been recovered.
The facility where the car was found was linked to a man currently being held at a Los Angeles County jail on an unrelated narcotics conviction, the sheriff's department said.
Whitmore said that man, John Creech, was considered a "person of interest" in the case, but has not been arrested or charged in Smith's disappearance.
It was not immediately clear if Smith and Creech were acquainted, but the missing man had met Creech's wife, Chandrika Creech, in rehab in 2009, Whitmore said.
"They had a relationship, but I'm not going to characterize what kind of relationship," he said.
Whitmore said detectives had spoken to Chandrika Creech and had served 25 to 30 search warrants in the sensational case. He said detectives had searched Creech's home and car, but declined to say if anything was taken as evidence.
An attorney for the Creeches could not be reached for comment on Thursday afternoon.
The sheriff's department said investigators were seeking public assistance in identifying anyone who may have helped move the Mercedes from an upscale Porter Ranch neighborhood of Los Angeles to the storage facility about a week after Smith went missing.
The sheriff's department did not say how they believe the Mercedes came to be in Porter Ranch - about 40 minutes by car from Oak Park, where Smith was last seen, and 20 minutes from Simi Valley, where it was ultimately found.
"We believe other people were involved in the aftermath of moving the car and moving the body," Lieutenant Dave Dolson told reporters.
When Smith drove away from his friend's home, wearing purple athletic pants belonging to one of his sons, he left behind his cellphone charger, shaving kit and other personal items, authorities say.
His disappearance made national headlines and prompted the film studio to issue a statement expressing concern.
Smith's family posted a $20,000 reward for information and pleaded with the public to help, saying the 6-foot, 6-inch former athlete with "movie star" looks should be easy to spot.
His son Evan Smith, a forward for the University of Southern California basketball team, took to Twitter to get the word out, tweeting messages such as "I will not stop until I find my father."
Reporting by Dan Whitcomb; Editing by Cynthia Johnston and David Brunnstrom


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The full-time job offer rate for graduating seniors who applied for a job has improved for the Class of 2014, according to results of a new survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE).
NACE's 2014 Student Survey found that, overall, the percentage of seniors who applied for a job and received at least one offer increased from 45.9 percent in 2013 to 47.9 percent in 2014. Surprisingly, the improvement appears to be totally located among students majoring in some of the weakest academic areas emerging from the recession, the liberal arts and sciences and education.
The majors showing the greatest level of improvement in offer rates are visual and performing arts (15.4 percentage points better than for the Class of 2013), education (11.5), communications (9.5), environmental science (7.5), and mathematics (6.8). This is likely attributable to improvement in the national education market, where graduates from most of these disciplines are traditionally employed.
About the Student Survey: NACE collected data for the 2014 Student Survey from February 15 to April 30, 2014. A total of 43,864 students responded from 696 NACE member institutions throughout the United States. Of these responses, 10,210 came from bachelor's degree seniors who indicated that they would be getting their degrees by August 2014. This story is based on the responses from this group of seniors. NACE will release the 2014 Student Survey report in the fall.
About NACE: Since 1956, the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) has been the leading source of information about the employment of college graduates. For more information, visit http://www.naceweb.org. NACE maintains a virtual press room for the media at http://www.naceweb.org/press-releases.aspx.


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About Me
- Leslie:
- Delta, British Columbia, Canada
- I took very early retirement from teaching in '06 and did some traveling in Europe and the UK before settling down to do some private tutoring. As a voracious reader, I have many books waiting in line for me to read. Tell me I shouldn't read something, and I will. I'm a happy, optimistic person and I love to travel and through that believe that life can be a continuous learning experience. I'm looking forward to traveling more some day. I enjoy walking, cycling, water aerobics & and sports like tennis, volleyball, and fastpitch/baseball. I'm just getting into photography as a hobby and I'm enjoying learning all the bits and bobs of my digital camera. My family is everything to me and I'm delighted to be the mother of two girls and the Gramma of a boy and a girl. I may be a Gramma, but I'm at heart just a girl who wants to have fun.
Sunday, January 29, 2012
C is for COMPOSITION
This week, I'd like to discuss "composition." There are three main rules around composition: the rule of thirds, the golden section rule, and the diagonal rule. I checked out various websites and chose one that seemed to be concise and simple to understand. You can see it here. You can click on any photo to enlarge it.
The rule of thirds is based on the fact that the human eye is naturally drawn to a point about two-thirds up a page. Imagine your photo divided into nine equal sections. When lining up your shot, make sure your main subjects are lined up at the intersection points, rather than centered. See photo below from the website.
Here are a few of my own photos that I think show good composition by using the rule of thirds.
The next rule is called the Golden Section Rule. This means that certain points in a picture's composition automatically attract the viewer's attention. Imagine your photo being divided into nine unequal sections. Each line is drawn so that the width of the resulting small part of the image relates to that of the big part exactly as the width of the whole image relates to the width of the big part. Points where the lines intersect are the "golden" points of the picture. See photo below from the website.
And one of my own photos:
The final rule for composition is the diagonal rule. This means that one side of the picture is divided into two, and then each half is divided into three parts. The adjacent side is divided so that the lines connecting the resulting points form a diagonal frame. According to the Diagonal Rule, important elements of the picture should be placed along these diagonals. See photo below from the website:
And a couple of my own photos, far from perfect as I've been working on trying to keep my camera straight and not on a diagonal:
There you have it - my contribution to Round 10, Week 3. I hope I haven't bored you completely to death and that you'll leave a comment to let me know if you're still compos mentis after reading all this. Ciao until next week.
36 comments:
- Roger Owen Green said...
I'm very amateurish at photography. But I read your advice anyway.
- Sun Jan 29, 06:13:00 pm
- Shrinky said...
You have captured some amazing frames up here, Leslie, I particulary love the pastel shades of mountain in (I think) the second photograph posted - it's worthy of hanging in a gallery. As you may know, photography has long been a passion of mine, but it never hurts to be reminded of the basics, as it's often too easy to complacently overlook what we strive to achieve.
Do you have the actual dates now, of when you and Cathy will be here? I must email you my phone number and address!
- Tue Jan 31, 04:13:00 am
- Carver said...
Great information about composition and wonderful shots. Carver, ABC Wednesday Team
- Tue Jan 31, 08:07:00 am
- Meryl said...
WOW!!!! THis was super informative and interesting. I LOVE your shots and you clearly explained why they work so well. I can't wait to try this out! Have a great week.
- Tue Jan 31, 08:10:00 am
- anthonynorth said...
Photography is not my greatest talent. Great advice.
- Tue Jan 31, 08:12:00 am
- Paula Scott said...
Fabulous condensation of compositional rules! Except, how would one apply this if the substrate is a paper coffee cup?
- Tue Jan 31, 09:02:00 am
- Luna Miranda said...
very useful tips! i used to have grid lines when i got my first camera. friends and family have been asking me about it.:p
- Tue Jan 31, 09:05:00 am
- photowannabe said...
Excellent explanation and examples. You deserve another red bubble.
That information will get beautiful photos every time.
- Tue Jan 31, 09:28:00 am
- mrsnesbitt said...
Absolutely wonderful Leslie - am really enjoying this guide to photography - will certainly put the facts you share to good use.
Denise ABC Team
- Tue Jan 31, 09:45:00 am
- Gigi Ann said...
I love shooting pictures, but don't get into the technical aspects of it. I read a few books about photography, but that was years ago.
The information was great that you shared with us, and the pictures are lovely.
- Tue Jan 31, 12:41:00 pm
- Jane and Chris said...
Now, I have better understanding of why I prefer some photos over others...although I'll never remember the rules.
Jane x
- Tue Jan 31, 12:47:00 pm
- Reader Wil said...
You are very clever at photography! I usually don't have the patience to take some time to tale a picture. I just point and shoot. Well anyway your explanation is very useful and I shall bear in mind to be more careful when I take photos next time. Have a great week!
Wil,ABC Wednesday team.
- Tue Jan 31, 02:37:00 pm
- nancygrayce said...
I'm very much the amateur, but a friend had told me the thirds rule. I'm being pushed gently to take a photography class!
- Tue Jan 31, 05:44:00 pm
- chubskulit said...
Bored? This is very interesting discussion and I am learning a lot from you Leslie, thanks for a free tutorial hehehe.
Crystal Palace & Carousel
Chubskulit, ABC Wednesday Team
- Tue Jan 31, 08:58:00 pm
- Hildred and Charles said...
Great pictures, Leslie, and I'm most interested in the rules that apply and enable you to capture them.
Thank you for all that wonderful information and for the pleasure of your lovely pictures.
- Tue Jan 31, 09:02:00 pm
- ChrisJ said...
Good information. I kind of used the technique without knowing why.
- Tue Jan 31, 11:15:00 pm
- aka Penelope said...
You've given some comprehensive information about composition here, Leslie, that is very helpful. I think some folks with good instincts frame their photos in such a way to fall in line with what you are saying without really understanding why it worked.
Thanks for asking about my cards, by the way. If you scroll to the bottom of my page you'll see where they're at currently. :)
- Wed Feb 01, 04:35:00 am
- Carol said...
Beautiful photos! You have very good composition. Love reading all the tips.
- Wed Feb 01, 07:23:00 am
- Hazel said...
Don't know much about photography but I appreciate a good pretty picture and your advice.
- Wed Feb 01, 08:17:00 am
- Kim, USA said...
Love that information. It's awesome!
Letter C
- Wed Feb 01, 11:04:00 am
- Joy said...
Love the pictures with the grasses an of course I am always love landscape with mountains and lakes.
Great tips there, didn't know about the diagonal rule, I had to read it twice, good job you illustrated it (me being a bear of very little brain.
- Wed Feb 01, 12:28:00 pm
- Jewaicious said...
Thanks for visiting. Your photos are libel, well composed with great textures
- Wed Feb 01, 02:09:00 pm
- Tumblewords: said...
Composition well captured! Gorgeous photos...
- Wed Feb 01, 02:30:00 pm
- ☆♥Shydub♥☆ said...
You do have amazing photography and sounds like you really know a lot about it. Thanks for sharing some tips about composition.
Happy ABC WEd. Thanks for the visit.
- Wed Feb 01, 06:08:00 pm
- Powell River Books said...
Nice tips to learn about composition. When I first glanced at your title I read C is for Compton - my old home town. That gave me quite a start. - Margy
- Wed Feb 01, 09:49:00 pm
- 黄清华 Wong Ching Wah said...
Thank you, i learn someting today !
- Wed Feb 01, 10:27:00 pm
- say cheese said...
great composition and photos!
- Thu Feb 02, 03:04:00 am
- Annie said...
Thank you - I learned a lot from this post!
- Thu Feb 02, 03:50:00 am
- EG Wow said...
Cool information, Leslie!
- Thu Feb 02, 07:03:00 am
- jill said...
Lovely photos, helpful tips thanks Love Jill xx
- Thu Feb 02, 02:32:00 pm
- Mel Cole said...
interesting to know pieces of that photography techniques. visiting from ABC Wednesday.
- Fri Feb 03, 07:05:00 am
- Mrs.D said...
what an awesome composition!
- Fri Feb 03, 08:37:00 am
- Dhemz said...
I see quiet a few of letter Cs around...good one!
- Fri Feb 03, 08:38:00 am
- ☆•.¸.Mildred.¸.•☆ said...
It wasn't boring at all! It was very interesting!
Thanks for sharing the wonderful pics and information;o)
Have a fabulous weekend****
- Fri Feb 03, 04:21:00 pm
- Shrinky said...
Hi Leslie, I don't know why, but my emails I try to send to you keep bouncing back as undelivered - please will you give me the best address to use? (x)
- Sun Feb 05, 05:29:00 am
- Welshcakes Limoncello said...
Very interesting, Leslie.
- Sun Feb 05, 03:00:00 pm


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TUG McGRAW: Coined one of the best slogans ever.
As far as team slogans go, the 1973 Mets' rallying cry "Ya Gotta Believe'' may not rank with Knute Rockne's "Win one for the Gipper,'' but it stood the test of time, lasting far longer than Reingold's "Ten Minute Head.''
Had it been a movie, the late and great Roger Ebert would have given it a thumbs down for it's corniness.
Going into the season, the 1973 team was arguably more talented than the 1969 Miracle Mets, with the additions of Rusty Staub, Jon Matlack, John Milner and Felix Millan. This was a team to be feared and sprinted out of the gate at 4-0, and was in first place by late April. However, overcome by injuries, the Mets nose-dived into the cellar, 7 ½ games behind by July 26. They dropped to 12 games below .500 with 44 games to play on August 16.
Even so, they were still within shouting distance in the mediocre National League East. It would be tough, Mets Chairman of the Board M. Donald Grant thought, but there were all those tickets to home games in September that needed to be sold.
Grant addressed the team and told them not to quit because there was time to turn things around. After all, he had had recent history to fall back on as the 1969 team overcame an eight-game August deficit to the Cubs.
That's when closer Tug McGraw stood up and shouted, "that's right, we can do it, Ya gotta believe.'' It was a moment of "was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor,'' exuberance that stuck with those Mets.
The Mets, Cardinals, Pirates and Cubs tripped over each other for much of September, but Yogi Berra's team was the most consistent, and had to be considering the ground it had to make up.
The Mets won 24 of 35 games to make up those 12 games and move into first place on Sept. 21, with a 10-2 rout of Pittsburgh behind Tom Seaver.
It was a fragile lead as only 2 ½ games separated them from fifth-place Chicago.
"We've been hot,'' Berra said at the time. "But I have to say it's still wide open.''
The Mets swept a two-game series with St. Louis and split a two-game series with Montreal before heading into Wrigley Field that final weekend with a one-game lead. On Friday the Mets were rained out, but Montreal beat Pittsburgh. The scenario repeated itself on Saturday.
By now, St. Louis leapfrogged Pittsburgh and trailed by 1½ games going into Sunday. The Mets split a double-header to go to 81-79 while the Cardinals were 81-81.
That set up another double-header for Monday with the Mets needing a split to win the division title, which Seaver gave them by winning the first game.
This might have been the Mets' grittiest team, and it's soundtrack being McGraw screaming "Ya Gotta Believe,'' as he slapped his glove on his thigh.
Although McGraw repeated the slogan with the 1980 Phillies, and Philadelphia fans tried to resurrect it several years ago, it didn't have the same impact as it did when it woke up New York, the team and the city, during the Summer of 1973.


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NEA News 2004 Volume 22, Number 2
Download this article in pdf format
Shifting paradigms in managing radioactive waste
Y. Le Bars, C. Pescatore*
Radioactive waste management (RWM) issues are embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk, energy policy and sustainability. In all of these fields there is an increasing demand for stakeholder involvement. Managers in both the public and private sectors find that such involvement can improve the quality and the sustainability of policy decisions, and participation is recognised today as one of the five "principles of good governance" together with openness, accountability, effectiveness and coherence.1
Stakeholder involvement in policy making has received considerable attention within the OECD.2 Moreover, public information, consultation and/ or participation in environmental or technological decision making are required by a number of international treaties. For RWM, these include the Joint Convention3 and, in Europe, the Espoo and Aarhus Conventions.
The NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence4 (FSC) was set up in 2000 as the result of a decade-long process during which stakeholder confidence issues increasingly took a more central stage in the formulation and implementation of longterm solutions for managing radioactive waste, and during which a cultural shift took place making "stakeholder dialogue" a lead principle in radioactive waste management. The FSC considers "stakeholder" to mean any actor – institution, group or individual – with an interest or a role to play in the societal decision-making processes associated with RWM.
A recent NEA publication entitled Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management brings together the key FSC findings and experience covering four years of work. Six main areas are targeted in the publication and are briefly described below.
Favourable conditions for issuing radioactive waste management policy
Technical expertise and technical confidence are insufficient, on their own, to justify waste management solutions to a wider audience, or to see them through to successful implementation. A successful waste management policy requires previous elaboration of national policy on energy choices in which the waste management programme is embedded as well as recognition – at the national level – that the status quo regarding waste management needs changing. Additionally, clarity is needed on the waste inventory and the final destination by waste type.
Since mechanisms, procedures and practices for managing radioactive waste are chosen to be compatible with the political system and decisionmaking culture of each country, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. However, as more and more players demand an active role, all national programmes will have to achieve a balance between the approaches of participative democracy (whereby the stakeholders contribute the specifi- cities of their demands and interests in a project) and representative democracy (whereby the elected representatives, both local and national, contribute their vision and engagement).
The design of the decision-making process
In today's decision-making context a "decision" no longer means opting for, in one go and for all time, a complete package solution. Instead, a decision is one step in an overall, cautious process of examining and making choices that preserve the safety and wellbeing of the present generation and the coming ones while not needlessly depriving the latter of their right of choice. Consideration is thus increasingly being given to the better understanding of concepts such as "stepwise decision making" and "adaptive staging" in which the public, and especially the most affected local public, is meaningfully involved in the planning process.5
Decision processes are expected to meet a number of competing requirements, e.g. they need to be participatory and accountable, goal-centred and adaptable. Competing requirements should be balanced by combining various policy tools, formal and informal procedures, analytic and deliberative techniques, linear and reversible steps, and their balance should be compatible with the type and context of the decisions.
Three overarching principles are the essential elements of any decision making seeking broad societal support:
The social and ethical dimension
Competing values inevitably need to be embodied in societal decision processes for these to be successful. The tension that exists between competing values such as technical effi- ciency, support by the stakeholders and distributive equity, lends complexity to decisionmaking processes. Additionally, for projects having a lifetime of decades, the dominant values approved by society may change over time.
There are multiple legitimate views and ethical principles concerning the fairness of a decision's outcome. If they clash, there is no encompassing theory that could help decide which of the competing views should be considered more important. Management strategies that meet multiple ethical principles simultaneously (for example, not placing undue burdens on future generations while preserving potential energy resources for future use) have a better chance of gaining broad societal support. Identifying such strategies may rely on fair processes in which stakeholders seek a compromise between divergent ethical principles. Research indicates that it is impossible to satisfy all the competing values through an idealised decisionmaking process. In a highly developed democratic society, however, all desired criteria should be accommodated at least to a degree.
Requirements for technical safety and societal control need to be reconciled in radioactive waste management. To accommodate these often competing requirements, many implementing organisations are focusing their efforts on developing a final repository concept that incorporates provisions for retrievability. New processes to forecast and monitor quality of life and social impacts are also being brought to the fore.
Trust in the actors
Trust is "a relationship between individuals within an existing or emerging group. It takes place in situations where individuals depend on people they trust to achieve important projects entailing significant risks for them".6 Process components can be designed to limit the reliance on trust and to try to restore trust where the trust relationship has been damaged. These include: i) involving in the decisions those who are affected, so that they gain more control; and/ or ii) dividing major decisions into relevant steps, providing feedback after each step and allowing the affected people to halt the procedure if they lose trust in the "trustees". FSC delegates recognise the importance of stakeholder involvement in building trust, but also the importance that institutions develop appropriate features in the areas of organisation, mission and behaviour.
Trust and fairness issues will play an important role throughout the decision-making process. Building and maintaining trust requires sustained commitment of substantial resources.
Stakeholder involvement
Stakeholder involvement is a key concept in modern approaches to governance. Not recognising its relevance will, most likely, lead one to failure.
OECD countries are moving away from a traditional "decide, announce and defend" model, for which the focus has been almost exclusively on technical content, to one of "engage, interact and co-operate", for which both technical content and quality of process are of comparable import to a constructive outcome. In this context, the technical side of waste management is no longer of unique importance; organisational ability to learn, to communicate and to adapt moves into the foreground.
Involvement rests on providing information and may include consultation, active participation and shared decision authority. Management tools7 are available, as are mandated instruments (e.g. environmental impact assessments), which include stakeholder involvement. Stakeholder involvement improves the information base for decisions, and broad participation may also compensate to some degree for the unavoidable absence of future generations in today's reflections or negotiations.
Institutions must be able to accommodate these changes in order to carry out the long-term projects for which they are responsible. Institutions capable of achieving and maintaining stakeholder confidence will need focused efforts in the three main areas of organisational aspects, mission and behaviour.
The local dimension of radioactive waste management
Long-term radioactive waste management involves the construction of only a limited number of facilities and it is therefore a national problem with a strong local dimension. Typically, it is only once a facility is located, or investigations are carried out, at a specific site that the greatest attrition manifests itself between national imperatives and local desires. Moving from the national to the local dimension requires the preexistence of a decision-making process that is widely supported, and adhered to, by all actors. The informing principles of this decision-making process should take into account that safety is the paramount criterion for the local acceptability of a facility and that participation in decision making and oversight, as well as the provision of community development schemes, are further contributors to trust in the process and the hosting of the facility.
The environment for decision making has been changing in a significant way in society, and large-scale technology projects are rejected, in general, when stakeholders have not been actively involved in creating them or developed a sense of responsibility for them. A trend can be seen in OECD countries towards implementing forms of participatory democracy that require new or enhanced dialogue amongst all concerned parties. Dialogue and stakeholder involvement have thus become a central part of the waste management process. Best practice in RWM has shifted from the traditional "decide, announce and defend" model to one of "engage, interact and co-operate". Time spent in dialogue, and in bringing stakeholder input into the organisation and into the waste management programme, is now seen to be time well spent.
Practitioners acknowledge that their roles have evolved in response to a change in the definition of radioactive waste management. In particular, as dialogue and stakeholder involvement have become a central part of the waste management process, scientists are having to address new questions raised by the general public, implementers are engaging in early, pro-active dialogue and regulators are becoming involved in the waste management process far earlier than before. Indeed, regulators have come to see their role increasingly as "safety communicators" and "peoples' experts", and recognise that they need to be involved in that role from the start of consultations with local communities, before final decisions on facilities, sites and concepts are rendered.8 Policy specialists are also exploring new forms of dialogue with a wider range of stakeholders. It has been broadly acknowledged that there needs to be clarity of roles as well as visibility for the institutional actors.
1. Good governance relies on "policies designed on the basis of reasonable decisions that are well communicated and discussed with the public". NEA (2002), Society and Nuclear Energy: Towards a Better Understanding, OECD, Paris. Online at www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/ nea3677.html.
2. See for instance OECD (2001), Citizens as Partners: Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-making; OECD (2001), Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policymaking; OECD (2003), Open Government: Fostering Dialogue with Civil Society; or OECD (2004), Problems and Promise of E-Democracy: Challenges of Online Citizen Engagement, OECD, Paris.
3. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. Online at www-ns.iaea.org/ conventions/waste-jointconvention. htm.
4. For more information on the FSC and its publications, see the FSC web page at www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/fsc.html.
5. See the NEA report of 2004 entitled Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-term Radioactive Waste Management (available at www.oecd-nea.org).
6. European Commission (2000), "The TRUSTNET Framework: A New Perspective on Risk Governance", Project Report, No. FI4P-CT96-0063, EC, Brussels.
7. NEA (2004), Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: A Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, OECD, Paris.
8. See NEA (2003), The Regulator's Evolving Role and Image in Radioactive Waste
Related links
Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management
Table of contents, NEA News No. 22.2
* Mr. Yves Le Bars (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) is Chairman of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) and President of Andra; Dr. Claudio Pescatore (e-mail: email@example.com) is Principal Administrator for RWM at the NEA and Technical Secretary of the FSC.


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The Obama administration's fiscal year 2010 budget proposal will include funds to provide a final settlement for the lawsuit that alleged discrimination against minority farmers in USDA's farm programs.
"I'm pleased that we are now able to close this chapter in the agency's history and move on," President Obama said in a statement. "My hope is the farmers and their families who were denied access to USDA loans and programs will be made whole and will have the chance to rebuild their lives and their businesses."
"I am very pleased that President Obama is taking swift action on this matter, as it will help us chart a new course at USDA, one on which all USDA customers and employees are treated equally and fairly," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack.
In 1999, USDA entered into a consent agreement with black farmers in which the agency agreed to pay for past discrimination in lending and other USDA programs. Thousands of claims have been adjudicated, but other claims were not considered on their merits because problems with the notification and claims process hindered some farmers' ability to participate.
To deal with the remaining claims, Congress provided these farmers another avenue for restitution in the Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008. For those who have claims that were not considered on the merits because the claim was found not to be timely, the 2008 Farm Bill provided the right to file a new claim in federal court. The total amount offered by the federal government, $1.25 billion, includes $100 million that served as a "place holder" in Section 14012 of the farm bill.
The announcement comes on the heels of a memorandum released two weeks ago by Ag Sec. Vilsack detailing an aggressive plan to promote civil rights and equal access at USDA. The memo announced the following:
- The temporary suspension of all foreclosures within the Farm Service Agency's farm loan program, which will not only aid farmers facing economic hardship but will also provide the opportunity to review the loan granting process for possible discriminatory conduct
- The creation of a task force to conduct a review of a sample of program civil rights complaints that have been processed or that are currently being processed – the complaints and inquiries total over 14,000, including over 3,000 that have not been processed
- Granting greater authority to USDA's Office of Civil Rights. The Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights will collaborate with the other agencies to develop and implement a proposal for data collection across USDA, make sure all complaints are incorporated as part of one data system and develop USDA policy and training to ensure that all complaints are received and dealt with in a consistent manner within a specific timeframe.
The full text of the memo is available at the USDA.


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< Tamiflu Under the Microscope
Nov 12, 2012 07:18
Category: General News
Category: General News
CIA Director David Petraeus' Requesting Privacy
WASHINGTON (AP) — The recipient of emails from former CIA Director David Petraeus' paramour is requesting privacy. Jill Kelley and her husband, Scott, have issued a statement saying they have been "friends with Gen. Petraeus and his family for more than five years, and they say, "We respect his and his family's privacy and want the same for us and our three children." The emails from Paula Broadwell led to the discovery of Petraeus' affair with Broadwell.


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Tuesday, August 24, 2010
My Elizabeth
My Elizabeth was born Elizabeth Armitage on August 24, 1852, in Bradford, Yorkshire, England.
She came to the U.S. when she was 12.
She was a bride at 17.
She was a mother at 18; and at 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, and 45, + 1 other year.
She became a U.S. citizen at 19.
She was the mother of 15 children, though only 6 lived longer than her.
My Elizabeth, my great-grandmother Elizabeth Armitage Meinzen, died in June, 1926, of cancer of the face.
Though I've never met her in person, she happens to be one of my heroes. I look forward to meeting her.
Gramma Elizabeth, I hope you have a wonderful birthday today, surrounded by friends and family! Happy Birthday!
You can read more about Elizabeth's life at Elizabeth.
4 comments:
Oh, I feel so tired. FIFTEEN children?! I suppose the older ones help out and all, but that was back in the days of washing by hand, sewing by hand, cooking from scratch, and limited health care. Wow, Elizabeth!ReplyDelete
What a lovely picture of Elizabeth. I think the death of so many children was so sad.ReplyDelete
Christine, I agree! I can't imagine it. I was thinking, too, about fires and hot stoves, and dirty diapers, and lots of other conveniences she wouldn't have had. Whew!ReplyDelete
Claudia, thanks for visiting. This photo of Elizabeth is sadly lacking in quality, but since it's the only one I have of her at that age, I use it. I think the original was proably a very small one and the person who gave this one to me enlarged the little one.
I agree that it must have been very sad to lose so many children.
What a great picture! Happy Birthday, Elizabeth.ReplyDelete
I appreciate your comments and look forward to reading what you have to say. Thanks for stopping by.


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Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Summer Specials at Eat'n Park
Finally, warm weather and sunshine have arrived, and so have our Summer Specials! With several brand-new items to tempt your taste buds, as well as a few crowd favorites that we've decided to bring back, you're sure to love these summer delights.
Baked Chicken Bruschetta
This brand-new item has us excited – not just because it's so delicious, but also because it happens to be Eat'n Smart! With only 326 calories, you can enjoy amazing flavor, guilt free!
We hand-bread a tender, boneless chicken breast with Italian-seasoned bread crumbs and bake it to perfection. Then, we top it with our homemade tomato bruschetta, drizzle on a balsamic glaze, and sprinkle with Asiago cheese. Served with your choice of two sides and bakery-fresh rolls. $8.99
Steak Salad
It's back, and it's better than ever!
Our steak salad features mixed greens, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, egg wedges, and French fries, topped with thinly sliced grilled rib-eye steak and shredded cheddar cheese. Enjoy it with our bakery-fresh Boston Brown bread and your choice of dressing. $8.49
Black Angus Texas Jack Burger
Smokin' hot! We put our Cajun-seasoned, 6 oz. Black Angus burger between grilled Texas-cut bread, and add Pepper Jack cheese, fried jalapeño peppers, and RedHot mayonnaise. Yowza! Served with a side of your choice. $6.99
Buffalo Chicken WrapA warm tortilla spread with bleu cheese or ranch dressing, wrapped around juicy all-white chicken fillets tossed in our own special Buffalo sauce, with shredded cheddar cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, and a side of your choice. It's a wrap! (Sorry, we couldn't resist the pun). $7.49
Classic Fruit Salad You look forward to it every summer, and now it's here! Our fruit salad is pretty much the definition of fresh and refreshing. This sweet and juicy medley of six of the season's finest fruits, with a scoop of sherbet or cottage cheese and our exclusive creamy dipping sauce, is served with Boston Brown bread. $7.99
P.S. If you're obsessed with strawberries, you'll be happy to know that you'll still be able to get our Strawberry Stuffed French Toast and our Grilled Chicken and Strawberry Salad all summer. You're welcome! Share
Posted by Eat'n Park at 6:00 AM
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Throughout this blog, we hope to share a bit of our culture with you through stories, recipes, and other information that we think you'll enjoy. More importantly, we hope you'll share with us – we want to answer those questions you've always had about Eat'n Park (how did we come up with that name, anyway?) and we want to hear your ideas, feedback, and hopefully, a few compliments too!
So, please feel free to comment on postings that pique your curiosity. We'll do our best to respond to questions within 72 hours. Please keep in mind that we are a family restaurant; comments containing offensive language will not be posted.
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Glover 1
Jonathan Glover
15 December 2008
Teaching Guide for Alejo Carpentier's The Kingdom of This World
I. Description of the Novel
Alejo Carpentier's The Kingdom of This World, first published in 1948, is a foundational
text in the genre of magical realism. In his preface to the novel, Carpentier outlines the goals and
necessary characteristics of the genre, which he called "lo real maravilloso," the "marvelous
real." Though a Cuban writer, Carpentier chose Haiti between the 1750s and 1826 as his setting
for The Kingdom of This World because, like so many authors before and after him, Carpentier
saw the Haitian Revolution as an important symbol of anticolonial resistance in the Americas
and beyond. Unlike many of those authors, however, Carpentier chose to write The Kingdom of
This World from the perspective of an obscure slave, Ti-Noel, rather than from the point of view
of one of the Revolution's canonized figures such as Toussaint Louverture or Jean Jacques
Dessalines. At the height of the Revolution's successes, Carpentier moves the narrative away
from Haiti, instead following the path of the fleeing French planters to Santiago de Cuba. Still
enslaved to Lenormand de Mezy, Ti Noel is part of this migration to Cuba.
Crafting his novel through meticulous historical research, Carpentier seems to have
constructed Ti-Noel from records of an actual slave owned by Lenormand de Mezy. Employing
the vantage of this little-known slave, Carpentier conveys a unique subaltern perspective on the
Revolution. The novel also includes Pauline Bonaparte, Napoleon's sister, who is sent to Saint-
Domingue with her husband Charles Leclerc (the French general charged with defeating
Louverture's forces). Henri Christophe, a major figure of the Revolution, also becomes a central
character, but emphasis is placed more on his reign as a dictator during the early years of Haitian
independence than on his role in the Revolution.
II. Potential Courses
With its complex treatment of genre and history, The Kingdom of This World lends itself
to a variety of potential courses. Two possible courses, a genre course on magical realism in the
Americas and a world literature course on the Haitian Revolution in history and literature, are
described in detail below. A short list of introductory courses is also provided. Secondary
sources that elaborate the relationship between genre, music, creolization, and history in
Carpentier's work are discussed in the bibliographic essay that concludes this teaching guide.
Specialized Courses
1) AML 2070-Survey of American Literature: Magical Realism in the Literature of the
Description: This course provides a survey of magical realist texts from Latin America,
the Caribbean, and the United States. The course attends to the historical and cultural factors
informing the production of those texts, as well as important debates over the defining
characteristics of magical realism. Potential texts include: The Kingdom of This World (Alejo
Glover 2
Carpentier), One Hundred Years of Solitude (Gabriel Garcia Marquez), Ceremony (Leslie
Marmon Silko), Beloved (Toni Morrison), The Grass Dancer (Susan Power), and excerpts from
Myth and History in Caribbean Fiction (Barbara Webb), MR (Brathwaite), and Magical
Realism: Theory, History, Community (Zamora and Feris).
Objective for including The Kingdom of This World: To understand the origins and
characteristics of magical realism. To understand the genre's role as a response to dominant
historical narratives. To understand the role of the Haitian Revolution in Caribbean nationalist
2) LIT 2120-World Literature: The Haitian Revolution in Myth, History, Literature, and Film
Description: This course approaches the Haitian Revolution as a historical event with a
contested meaning and significance. Historians, novelists, poets, dramatists, and political writers
have all used the Haitian Revolution as a symbol of either horror and chaos or liberation and
hope via black resistance to European oppression. These viewpoints relate to an ongoing political
debate over whether Haiti's politico-economic plights result mostly from external factors
(neocolonialism) or internal factors (the failure of black sovereignty, i.e., the failed-state thesis).
Texts would include: "To Toussaint L'Ouverture" (William Wordsworth), The Black Jacobins
(C. L. R. James), The Salt Roads (Nalo Hopkinson), Master of the Crossroads (Madison Smartt
Bell), The Kingdom of this World (Carpentier), excerpts from Haitian Revolutionary Studies
(David Geggus), excerpts from The Magic Island (William Seabrook), and Toussaint (Dir.
Danny Glover [forthcoming]).
Objective for including The Kingdom of This World: Carpentier's book is one of the first
writings about the Haitian Revolution to depart from emphasis on Toussaint Louverture.
Through this reordering of the historical record, the Revolution becomes a foundation for
Carpentier's New World aesthetics. Teaching The Kingdom of This World will illuminate how
stylistic choices make a historical/political statement about who (and/or what) should be
considered important actors/agents in human history.
Introductory and Survey Courses
3) Caribbean Literature Survey, 4) Latin American Literature Survey, 5) Introduction to Cuban
Literature and Culture
III. Lesson Plan 1: Historical Context of The Kingdom of This World
Haitian revolutionary history is a central feature of The Kingdom of This World.
However, Carpentier's treatment of the Revolution is idiosyncratic, departing greatly from
conventional renderings of the Haitian Revolution. The timelines below provide a historical
context for the novel. This context will help students identify and understand the sorts of choices
Carpentier has made in his construction of the novel. This timeline may be useful as a
handout/worksheet for individual or small group work or as a visual to accompany a lecture.
Glover 3
Topical Timeline-Relevant Dates in Haitian Revolutionary History
1757: Makandal's poisoning of the planters
1758: Makandal's execution
1791: Boukman foments an uprising with the Bois Caiman ceremony
1801-1804: French planters flee to Santiago de Cuba to escape the slave revolt;
Napoleon attempts to reclaim Saint-Domingue for France
1801-1802: Pauline Bonaparte follows Leclerc to Saint-Domingue
1803: Rochambeau retaliates against the revolting slaves
1803: Dessalines completes defeat of French forces
1807-1820: King Christophe's reign
1826: President Boyer's code rural (See Paravisini-Gebert 116).
Carpentier Timeline-Relevant Biographical Dates1
1927: Carpentier arrested for opposing Cuban dictator Gerardo Machado y
Morales. Starts writing Ecue-Yamba-O, which deals with the African-derived
traditions of the Cuban poor, during his 40 day incarceration. Leaves for exile in
France upon release from jail. Influenced by French Surrealism (Breton/Artaud).
1937: Attends anti-fascist writers' conference in Madrid (Span. Civil War).
Influenced by Span. Baroque.
1943: Carpentier visits Haiti, sees Christophe's Palace of Sans-Souci and
Citadelle La Ferriere
1945: Carpentier moves to Caracas, Venezuala, where he finishes The Kingdom of
This World
Of particular importance to the timeline are Carpentier's emphases on the enduring
influence of Makandal and the planter migration to Santiago de Cuba. The novel begins
sometime in the 1750s, before Makandal's career as a revolutionary maroon has begun.
Makandal remains a pertinent figure in the novel even after his execution, as Ti Noel often thinks
back on the teachings of Makandal and passes songs and stories about the revolutionary figure
on to his sons. While Makandal is frequently featured in traditional accounts of the Revolution,
conventional periodization tends to create a gap between Makandal's activities and the
Revolution proper-Makandal becomes prerevolutionary rather than a contributor to the actual
Revolution itself. Carpentier's treatment of Makandal asserts a subaltern historiography that
challenges this periodization, allowing Makandal to be an early and enduring figure in Haitian
revolutionary history.
But, of primary peculiarity is Carpentier's turn to Santiago de Cuba during Haiti's
victorious battle against Napoleon's counterrevolutionary forces. This turn to Cuba has been
seen as a symptom of Carpentier's pessimism (see Paravisini-Gebert), but this narrative
trajectory seems to further Carpentier's subaltern principles by amending the gaps of
periodization and "silences [that] enter the process of [traditional] historical production"
(Trouillot 26) with scenes from Ti Noel's life as a Haitian slave exiled yet still in bondage. In
Santiago de Cuba, Ti Noel meets to swap news with other French slaves (84), creating a sense of
subaltern solidarity that exists beyond the borders of Saint Domingue-the site of revolution is
thereby extended from Haiti to Cuba. The relevance of these narrative decisions can be a fruitful
'(See "Alejo Carpentier: 1904-1980" at http://biography.jrank.org/pages/3566/Carpentier-Alejo-1904-1980-
Writer.html for more biographical information)
Glover 4
source of class discussion. The following discussion prompts ask students to consider the
historical relevance of Carpentier's narrative decisions.
Discussion Prompts:
1: Why might Carpentier have chosen to follow Ti Noel and Lenormand de Mezy to Cuba when
landmarks in Haitian revolutionary history (Toussaint Louverture's campaign against French
forces, Napoleon's eventual capture of Louverture, Jean Jacques Dessalines' final conquering of
French forces, and the writing of the first Haitian constitution) are occurring in Hispaniola?
What happens to Ti Noel when he is in Santiago de Cuba?
2: Toussaint Louverture, the central figure of most literary and historical renderings of the
Haitian Revolution, only appears once in The Kingdom of This World. He is depicted as a
cabinetmaker incorrectly fashioning wood carvings of the three wise men for Lenormand de
Mezy's nativity display:
Toussaint, the cabinetmaker, had carved the Three Wise Men in wood, but they
were too big for the nativity, and in the end were not set up, mainly because of the
terrible whites of Balthasar's eyes, which had been painted with special care, and
gave the impression of emerging from a night of ebony with the terrible reproach
of a drowned man. (39)
Toussaint becomes a major force in the Haitian Revolution a few years later, but we do not see
these events in the novel since Carpentier follows Ti Noel to Cuba just as Toussaint assumes
leadership of the slave rebellion. What is the significance of Toussaint carving unusable wise
men? Consider the fact that Balthasar is described as a black magus in the Bible (Book of
IV. Lesson Plan 2: Music and Creolization
Cuban music is an amalgam of Spanish music and Negro rhythm. Both of these elements
were the basis of the original creole style which persisted for a long time, before Cuban
music could evolve its definitive stylistic characteristics so different from those of the
music of other lands of the continent"
-Alejo Carpentier and Ethel S. Cohen, "Music in Cuba (1523)" (374).
This lesson plan continues the theme of historical context and narrative choice but with a
closer focus on how Carpentier utilizes music and creolization as concrete aspects of his
alternate/subaltern history of the Haitian Revolution. Alejo Carpentier had a deep interest in
music for most of his life. Writing many articles, like the one quoted above, and a book, La
mufsica en Cuba (1946), Carpentier saw Cuban music as a unique syncretism of African and
Spanish musical idioms. The popular music style s6n, which Antonio Rodriguez helped
popularize in the 1940s, was of particular interest to Carpentier. Carpentier's interest in
creolization led him to Afro-Cuban music just as it led him to lo real maravilloso, a genre that
seeks to embody the creolized vitality of cultural life in the Americas. The following links
provide audio-visual examples of Cuban s6n and Haitian rara, also a creolized music form that
Glover 5
fuses African and European elements, as well as a clip of popular Haitian music group Boukman
Eksperyans, who use allusions to the Haitian Revolution in their lyrics as a representation of
liberation and hope for the African diaspora.
A photo and sound montage of popular 1940s s6n music band leader Antonio
Rodriguez: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oCudVfHZ88
A performance of Haitian rara music during a CIW (Coalition of Immokalee
Workers) march protesting the unfair treatment of Hispanic, Haitian, Mayan, and
other immigrants who work in the produce fields of Immokalee, Florida:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FmW SbnAssI
A music video of the Boukman Eksperyans song "Se Kreyol Nou Ye" ("We're
Creole"): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19sRrpZsFhw
Discussion Prompts:
1. According to Carpentier, s6n music is a creolization (amalgamation/intermixture) of "Spanish
music and Negro rhythm" that creates a uniquely Cuban style of music (Carpentier and Cohen
374). Carpentier's interest in music continues in The Kingdom of This World but within a Haitian
rather than Cuban context. View the clips of Antonio Rodriguez and the Haitian rara band. What
is the significance of Carpentier's shift from a Cuban cultural context to a Haitian one? Is Haitian
rara also a product of creolization? Does Haitian rara bare any resemblance to s6n?
2. Early in The Kingdom of This World, Ti Noel hums a song about the English king to himself
as "a kind of mental counterpoint" to Lenormand de Mezy's whistling of a French fife march:
M. Lenormand de Mezy and his slave left the city by the road that skirted the
seashore .... Old memories of his days as a petty officer stirred in the master's
breast, and he began to whistle a fife march. Ti Noel, in a kind of mental
counterpoint, silently hummed a chanty that was very popular among the harbor
coopers, heaping ignominy on the King of England. This he was sure of, even
though the words were not in Creole. (10)
Is Ti Noel's appropriation of a song from a different culture and in a different language than his
own a form of creolization? How does this scene relate to the novel's themes of anticolonialism
and resistance?
3. As the slaves begin to revolt on his plantation, Lenormand de Mezy starts to realize that "a
drum might be more than just a goatskin stretched across a hollow log" (72). Much later in the
novel, Henri Christophe becomes dismayed once the "the drums [have] boomed, the radas, the
congos, the drums of Bouckman, the drums of Grand Alliances, all the drums of Voodoo" (142).
Why do these authority figures fear the music of the slaves? How are drums more than just
instruments in The Kingdom of This World?
Glover 6
Optional Prompt
4. The name of popular Haitian band Boukman Eksperyans alludes to both Boukman, the
Jamaican Vodou priest believed to have led the Bois Caiman ceremony, and Jimi Hendrix's
band, the Jimi Hendrix Experience (eksperyans is Kreyol for experience). Review Carpentier's
depiction of the Bois Caiman ceremony (60-63), then view the clip of Boukman Eksperyans's
"Se Kreyol Nou Ye" ("We're Creole"). Why is Boukman an important icon for Boukman
Eksperyans? What is the significance of juxtaposing Boukman and Jimi Hendrix in the band's
name, and why might Boukman Eksperyans declare "We're Creole" in this song?
Bibliographic Essay for The Kingdom of This World
The lesson plans included in this teaching guide focus mostly on the topics of historical
context and music. This essay notes useful secondary literature on those topics, but it also notes
additional sources that can enhance an instructor's fluency with related aspects of The Kingdom
of This World, namely, the genre of magical realism and theories of creolization. This essay also
notes useful primary sources by Carpentier on the topics of music and creolization (La music en
Cuba) and the marvelous real (Carpentier's "On the Marvelous Real in America," a preface to
The Kingdom of This World). Publication dates have been included parenthetically for
convenience, but complete citation information can be found in the works cited page that follows
this essay.
Beginning with works by Carpentier himself can provide added understanding of nearly
all the topics mentioned above. Before writing The Kingdom of This World, Carpentier published
a book on musical creolization in Cuba, La music en Cuba (1946) and also co-authored an
article with Ethel S. Cohen, "Music in Cuba," in the journal Music Quarterly (1947). Both the
book and the article stress the syncretic nature of Cuban music, emphasizing the dual origins of
Cuban musical idioms in Spanish and African music traditions. This argument posits
creolization as a force that leads to the creation of a Cuban culture that emerges from European
and African sources but has evolved into something uniquely Cuban. An English translation of
La music en Cuba was recently published for the first time as Music in Cuba (2003). Editor
Timothy Brennan provides useful biographical and historical information about Carpentier and
Cuban music in his introduction to the English edition.
With the publication of Carpentier's "On the Marvelous Real in America," a continuation
of his interest in creolization can be seen, though in a broader context that includes all manner of
cultural production (music, religion, architecture, visual art) and locales far beyond the scope of
Cuba. Carpentier references his travels to Europe and Asia and his observations of the cultures
within those continents, but his gaze ultimately settles on Haiti, where he becomes fascinated
with Henri Christophe's citadel, a fascination that sets his creation of The Kingdom of This
World in motion. Carpentier describes lo real maravilloso, the marvelous real, as a literary mode
that blends realistic and fantastic elements to better depict the realities of creolized cultural life in
the Americas. An English translation of Carpentier's preface can be found in Magical Realism:
Theory, History, Community (1995), an anthology of primary and secondary sources on magical
realism edited by Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy Faris.
Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community serves as a valuable primer on the scholarly
debates concerning the characteristics and implications of magical realism. Editors Zamora and
Glover 7
Faris assert magical realism as a global genre rather than a regional phenomenon specific to
Latin America and, in addition to Carpentier's "On the Marvelous Real in America," their
anthology also includes Franz Roh's "Magic Realism: Post-Expressionism" (1925), in which
Roh coins the phrase "magic realism." A newer anthology on magical realism, Sisyphus and
Eldorado: Magical and Other Realisms in Caribbean Literature (2002/2007), edited by Timothy
J. Reiss, takes a Caribbean-specific approach. Analyzing the works of authors such as
Carpentier, Derek Walcott, Erna Brodber, Aime Cesaire, Wilson Harris, and many others, the
collection posits a distinction between a Sisyphean literary tradition common to Anglophone
Caribbean literature and an Eldoradean literary tradition common to the Franco- and
Hispanophone literatures of the Caribbean. Where the literary Sisyphus (realism, social realism)
adopts a pessimistic tone toward the Caribbean's ability or inability to survive postcoloniality,
the literary Eldorado (magical realism) explores creolity and creolization as symptoms of a new
and unique cultural vitality native to the Caribbean. Also of value is Anne G. Hegerfeldt's Lies
that Tell the Truth (2005), which provides a succinct overview of magical realism's contested
meaning and history, as well as a useful explication of Carpentier's contributions to the genre, in
chapters 1 and 2. Also of merit is Shannin Schroeder's Rediscovering Magical Realism in the
Americas (2004), which compares North and South American strands of magical realism to
assert a pan-American approach to the genre. A more demanding and experimental study of
magical realism, Kamau Brathwaite' s MR: A Black Caribbean Blues Perspective on Post-
Cosmological Disruption & Redemption in the New Millenium (2002) performs magical realism
as it theorizes it. Brathwaite defines magical realism as a response to cosmological catastrophe
that utilizes an "open system" (hybrid knowledge, creolized cosmologies) rather than the "closed
system" (rational/analytic knowledge, secularized cosmologies) that characterizes colonial and
neocolonial ideologies.
A common theme of creolization can be seen throughout Carpentier's writing on music,
his theory of lo real maravilloso, and the newer secondary literature on magical realism surveyed
above. A complicated topic, creolization can be challenging to teach, but familiarity with some
key theoretical works on creolization can yield immense benefits for understanding The Kingdom
of This World An early and accessible text on creolization, Kamau Brathwaite's Contradictory
Omens: Cultural Diversity andIntegration in the Caribbean (1974/1985) provides an etymology
of the term "creole" plus a cataloguing of the different usages "creole" and "creolization" have
been given since the sixteenth century ("Part One: Creolization"). Contradictory Omens gives a
clear history of these terms but can be a difficult text to find. Much easier to access but less
succinct in its explication of creolization is Brathwaite's The Development of Creole Society in
Jamaica 1770-1820 (1971/1978). Creolization is explicated through the exigency of plantation
life in colonial Jamaica, wherein the white planter class and the black slaves they oppressed
participated in a largely unacknowledged process of cultural exchange. Brathwaite's focus on
creolization under the extreme conditions of plantation slavery parallels Carpentier's interest in
Cuban music as a product of European and African syncretism that begins during plantation
slavery in Cuba. In these texts, Brathwaite and Carpentier both assert creole culture as the reality
of Jamaica and Cuba, respectively, a view that refutes a Eurocentric vision of colonies as
miniature versions of their metropolitan counterparts.
Newer relevant scholarship on creolization includes Caribbean Creolization: Reflections
on the Cultural Dynamics ofLanguage, Literature, and Identity (1998), edited by Kathleen M.
Balutansky and Marie-Agnes Sourieau; Michel-Rolph Trouillot's essay "Culture on the Edges:
Caribbean Creolization in Historical Context," available in editor Brian Keith Axel's anthology
Glover 8
From the Margins: Historical Anthropology and Its Futures (2002); and A Pepper-Pot of
Cultures: Aspects of Creolization in the Caribbean (2003), edited by Collier and Fleischmann.
Caribbean Creolization offers a variety of older and newer essays on creolization that situate the
Caribbean as a key site in a broader New World context of creolization, subsequently
highlighting important disagreements between scholars. Trouillot's essay calls for an
ethnographic approach to creolization that respects local specificities and contexts in order to
avoid a totalizing application of creolization theory, while the anthology A Pepper-Pot of
Cultures takes a pan-Caribbean approach and utilizes both linguistics- and literature-based
perspectives on creolization.
Ultimately, Carpentier's use of music, creolization, and the marvelous real all contribute
to a critique of traditional historiography of the Haitian Revolution. Michel-Rolph Trouillot's
Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History (1995) can provide a useful theoretical
approach to understanding Carpentier's treatment of Haitian revolutionary history. Trouillot
asserts that "[s]ilences enter the process of historical production" when sources, archives,
narratives, and a "history in the final instance" are created (26). Against these "silences"
characteristic of traditional history-making, Carpentier emphasizes music, a mode of subaltern
historical transmission, and uses Ti Noel, an obscure slave as his protagonist. Roberto Gonzalez
Echevarria's Alejo Carpentier: The Pilgrim at Home (1977) discusses Carpentier's use of
Haitian revolutionary history, asserting that Ti Noel becomes the thread that ties The Kingdom of
This World together. Barabara Webb also provides a useful examination of Carpentier's
approach to history in Myth and History in Caribbean Fiction: Alejo Carpentier, Wilson Harris,
and Edouard Glissant (1992). Of particular interest to those teaching The Kingdom of This
World are Webb's first and second chapters, "Lo real maravilloso in Caribbean Fiction" and
"The Folk Imagination and History: El reino de esta mundo, The Secret Ladder, and Le
quatrieme siecle." Chapter 1 situates Carpentier within an intellectual dialogue about the cultural
identity of the New World, emphasizing lo real maravilloso as Carpentier's contribution to a
"mythohistorical heritage of the America" (13). Chapter 2 compares the works of Carpentier,
Wilson Harris, and Edouard Glissant. Concerning The Kingdom of This World, Webb argues that
with "the consciousness of Ti Noel, Carpentier merges the mythic and historical cycles of the
novel. Thus the folk imagination (the oral traditions and religious beliefs of the Haitian slaves) is
the vehicle for the author's experiments with space and time in the narrative" (28). For a
dissenting opinion of Carpentier's narrative choices, see Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert's recent
article "The Haitian Revolution in Interstices and Shadows: Re-Reading Alejo Carpentier's The
Kingdom of this World' (2004). Paravisini-Gebert contests the notion that Carpentier reclaims a
lost history-from-below, arguing instead that Carpentier suffuses The Kingdom of This World
with a pessimism that devalues the Haitian Revolution as a historical event.
Glover 9
Works Cited
Balutansky, Kathleen M. and Marie-Agnes Sourieau, eds. Caribbean Creolization: Reflections
on the Cultural Dynamics ofLanguage, Literature, and Identity. Gainesville: UP of
Florida, 1998.
Brathwaite, Kamau. Contradictory Omens: Cultural Diversity and Integration in the Caribbean.
1974. Mona: Savacou, 1985.
--. The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica 1770-1820. 1971. New York: Oxford UP,
---. MR: A Black Caribbean Blues Perspective on Post-Cosmological
Disruption & Redemption in the New Millenium. 2 vols. New York: Savacou North,
Carpentier, Alejo. The Kingdom of This World. 1948. Trans. Harriet de Onis. New York: Farrar,
--. Music in Cuba. Ed. Timothy Brennan. Trans. Alan West-Duran. Minneapolis: U of
Minnesota P, 2003.
--- and Ethel S. Cohen. "Music in Cuba (1523-1900)." Music Quarterly 33.3 (1947): 365-
Collier, Gordon and Ulrich Fleischmann, eds. A Pepper-Pot of Cultures: Aspects of Creolization
in the Caribbean. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003.
Faris, Wendy B. and Lois Parkinson Zamora. MagicalRealism: Theory, History, Community.
Durham: Duke UP, 1995.
Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto. Alejo Carpentier: The Pilgrim at Home. New York: Cornell UP,
Hegerfeldt, Anne G. Lies that Tell the Truth. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2005.
Paravisini-Gebert, Lizabeth. "The Haitian Revolution in Interstices and Shadows: Re-Reading
Alejo Carpentier's The Kingdom of This World. Research in African Literatures 35.2
(2004): 114-27.
Reiss, Timothy J., ed. Sisyphus and Eldorado: Magical and Other Realisms in Caribbean
Literature. 2002. Trenton, NJ: Africa World P, 2007.
Schroeder, Shannin. Rediscovering Magical Realism in the Americas. Westport,
Greenwood, 2004.
Glover 10
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. "Culture on the Edges: Caribbean Creolization in Historical Context."
From the Margins: Historical Anthropology and Its Futures. Ed. Brian Keith Axel.
Durham: Duke UP, 2002. 189-210.
--. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production ofHistory. Boston: Beacon, 1995.
Webb, Barbara J. Myth and History in Caribbean Fiction: Alejo Carpentier, Wilson Harris, and
Edouard Glissant. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1992.


text:
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The death of celebrity disc jockey DJ AM was caused by an accidental drug overdose, and eight different substances were found in his body, the New York City Medical Examiner's office said on Tuesday.
The 36-year-old disc jockey, whose real name was Adam Goldstein, died last month from a lethal cocktail of cocaine, cold medicine and prescription drugs, it said.
A toxicology report found traces of the drugs used in the painkillers OxyContin and Vicodin and sedatives Ativan, Klonopin and Xanax. It also found levamisole, a cancer treatment drug that is also used to cut cocaine.
Goldstein's music appeared on the albums of artists, including Madonna and Will Smith. He survived a plane crash with Blink 182 drummer Travis Barker in 2008 and was once engaged to reality TV star Nicole Richie.
His death was ruled an accident and police have said no foul play was suspected.
Reporting by Martinne Geller; editing by Paul Simao


text:
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text: When refinancing, it is important to understand what your goal is right away, so that we can cater a loan program to you. Whether we are lowering your interest rate or putting you in a different type of loan, we will assess your needs to determine the right fit to get more money in your pocket. We understand that sometimes in life priorities change, and that is why we develop a refinance program to meet your newest lifestyle.


text:
Lean Six Sigma needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 24 designs submitted by 14 freelance designers.
Beyond Lean - Lean Six Sigma
We need a catchy yet elegant DVD Cover for a Lean Six Sigma Certification Course. Try not to use money and other overly-used "icons". It's a serious course, taught by a known expert in the industry. Preferred lay out included.
Business senior management, business consultants,entrepreneurs.
Imagery & style guidelines for the DVD cover for an established Company that offers professional Lean Six Sigma certification course (educational). Think - professional-authority-experience- corporate - clean -efficient. People who are associated with us become successful.
Key Deliverable: Please give us sample designs in DVD Cover Format:
1. The DVD Cover: a) front; b)spine; c) back-- (all 3 elements separate and all together)
2. DVD label
3. We require the fonts used for the design, so we can edit it need be.
Backcover - top half- an image presenting problem/solution (our course is the solution)
- bottom half - leave empty for now - we need to put copyright and the bar code


text:
Rick Suttle
Rick Suttle is a writer known for the novels, "Hauntings at Black Shadow Ridge," "Ghosts at Drayson Schoolhouse," "Hell Year" and "Bullies of Madison High." He's also written thousands of health, nutrition and business articles in publications such as The Houston Chronicle, GlobalPost, Livestrong, eHow and The Women's Nest. Rick is a graduate of Miami (Oxford, Ohio) and California Coast Universities. He currently lives in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Author Biography
Rick Suttle is a writer and consultant who has written four novels, two books of short stories and nine novelettes. He's also penned more than 5,000 business, nutrition, fitness and health articles on numerous print and Internet sites, including "The Houston Chronicle," "Livestrong," "eHow" and "GlobalPost."
In 2015, Rick appeared as a Chicago post office attendant in the movie, "Carol," starring Rooney Mara and Cate Blanchett. He currently lives in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Books by Rick Suttle
Ghosts of Lake Dread (The McCauliffe Adventures Book 3)
by Rick Suttle
Teen paranormal-investigator siblings Dylan, Mike and Sarah McCauliffe, investigate the hauntings at an old lake house in rural Kentucky where there are ghosts from many different time periods on the property, including a black shadow man who may be demonic. In a book that may force you to sleep with the lights on, find out if the McCauliffes can solve an age-old mystery, send the spirits on to where they belong and get back home safely.
The Dallas Nightclub Murders
by Rick Suttle
It's the mid-1980s and a murder has occurred amid the glitz and glamour of the Dallas nightclub scene. Weekend bouncer Nick Saunders finds himself working amid the panic and wondering if the killer is a patron or one of the bar employees. But everything becomes personal when Nick's girlfriend is kidnapped and he's forced to find her within 24 hours in a sick guessing game concocted by the killer. 325 pages.
Knockout High
by Rick Suttle
More than 40 stories featuring some of the most brutal fights between school girls and the woman who dare oppose them or get in their way.
Undercover Angel (Angel Tolbert Book 1)
by Rick Suttle
Angel Tolbert has recently been hired by her former boss, Captain Humphrey Barrett, to go undercover as a barmaid and investigate two murders and kidnapping, which may once again be tied to a brutal girl gang called the Fiends and some ruthless drug dealers. Angel soon finds herself in brutal game of cat and mouse that could ultimately claim her as the next victim.
Streetfight Chicks: Collector's Edition
by Rick Suttle
The complete 8-novelette "Tough Girl" Series, featuring brutal fights and survival struggles between biker chicks, rodeo cowgirls and regular women who are confronted by tough girl bullies. These fight stories are filled with bare-knuckle fighting, karate kicks and bruising, bone-crushing action. In the streets, at high school football games or even on abandoned roads, only the toughest of girls or women survive. And age doesn't matter.
Biker Chick Ambush (Tough Girls Book 8)
by Rick Suttle
Two twenty-something biker chicks make a drug run to an inner-city school at night in late May, after school has let out for the summer. Little do they realize that some tough black girls are waiting for them to exact revenge for the overdose deaths of some of their friends. A brutal struggle ensues before the women realize they are in for the fight of their lives.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: A Beginner's Guide to Getting Well
by Rick Suttle
When people suddenly develop severe adverse symptoms to common household items, fragrances or their work environments, they often don't know where to turn. And most doctors don't treat multiple chemical sensitivities, so they're often left to solve their own problems. This information alone can save you thousands and even tens of thousands of dollars instead of testing the myriad treatments and potions out there that don't work.
Streetfight Chicks 2
by Rick Suttle
This is the sequel to "Street Fight Chicks" which includes three new novelettes of girl against girl action. Whether it's in the street, behind the woodshed or in a culvert, there's plenty of action in these "fight for survival" stories.
Big Bertha Brotz (Tough Girls Book 7)
by Rick Suttle
Three female country line dancers accidentally crash into a girl's truck on a desolate road after she lost the state shot put championship for her high school. Feeling both angry and suicidal, she decides to take her frustration out on the trio. After beating two of them into oblivion, she pursues the driver through a cornfield with her truck. Soon, another brutal battle ensues where only one of them survives.
Rogue Cheerleader (Tough Girls Book 6)
by Rick Suttle
A rodeo cowgirl stops at a hotel for the night to get some much needed sleep. When some cheerleaders crank their television set up, she has no choice but to confront them. Later, when they bang on the wall, she calls the front desk to report them. Around midnight, one of the girls knocks on her door and tells her she's hit her truck in the parking lot. And when the woman goes outside, she soon realizes the girl is out for revenge.
Coyote Ugly Rejection (Tough Girls Book 5)
by Rick Suttle
A woman tries to become a Coyote Girl in Nashville. When she doesn't make the cut, she walks outside and kicks a garbage can into a truck. Moments later, as she drives around Nashville, she gets lost. She soon finds out the girl who owns the truck is after her. And she is suddenly in for the fight of her life.
Bullies of Madison High
by Rick Suttle
The school year is about to begin at Madison High School and new teacher, Debbie Preston, a former Dallas Cowboy's cheerleader, is getting ready to teach English at the school. But she's unaware of the horrors that await her in a school that's ruled by bullies. Alice Holmes, a huge girl, leads the bullies and eventually meets Debbie in a brutal fight for survival.
Street Fight Chicks
by Rick Suttle
The four novelettes from the "Tough Girl" series are now available in one ebook: Cowgirl Down, Cowgirl Kidnapped, The Initiation and Mistaken Identity. Plus you'll receive 13 bonus fight stories. Brutal girl fight action like you've never read before.
Hauntings at Black Shadow Ridge (The McCauliffe Adventures Book 2)
by Rick Suttle
The McCauliffe siblings, caught amid another paranormal frenzy. But this time their challenge is Black Shadow Ridge, one of the most haunted locations in Cincinnati, Ohio. They soon discover a mystery surrounding the hauntings which thrusts them into a world of dangerous spirits. And the only way to end the hauntings is to get rid of the witch.
Ghosts at Drayson School House (The McCauliffe Adventures Book 1)
by Rick Suttle
Three siblings investigate the hauntings at an old school in Ohio. They soon find themselves being chased by several spirits, including an evil one. When they find child ghosts in the basement, they must determine who the ghosts are and what's keeping them there. But they must first get rid of the evil apparition.
Cowgirl Kidnapped (Tough Girl Book 4)
by Rick Suttle
A rodeo cowgirl's best friend is kidnapped for $100,000 by a huge girl with revenge on her mind. When the cowgirl discovers the real reason for the kidnapping, a brutal struggle ensues in a Texas gravel pit late at night. The women soon realize that the girl and her friend plan to kill them, as they try to fight them off and survive.
Mistaken Identity (Tough Girl Book 3)
by Rick Suttle
Two former cheerleaders plan to attend the first high school football game, then hit some bars later that night. But when some punk girl gang members confront them toward the end of the game, they are led into the woods behind the school's field. Soon, they find themselves fighting for their lives because the teens have mistaken them for drug-dealing biker chicks. It's a true fight to the finish along the banks of the Scioto River in Columbus.
The Initiation (Tough Girl Book 2)
by Rick Suttle
Four rodeo bunnies stumble upon a high school girl's gang initiation when they get lost in rural Ohio. When they discover what the gang is really up to, one of the women intervenes. After a brief scuffle with the beefy leader, the cowgirl is beaten and taken to a abandoned stable. Soon, the other women devise a plan to get her back, leading to a brutal life-and-death struggle at the end.
Cowgirl Down (Tough Girl Book 1)
by Rick Suttle
A rodeo cowgirl takes a detour down a desolate road searching for some new boots at a western apparel store. When she finds nobody around, she decides to take them--with the intention of paying for them by check when she gets home to Texas. Instead, she get's caught before she reaches the door. And then she's confronted by a huge teen girl who decides to take matters into her own hands.


text:
MU Extension > For faculty and staff > Communications and marketing > DIY communications > Web publishing policies
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These policies apply to all Web pages/sites developed on the MU Extension public Web server, including domains extension.missouri.edu, 4h.missouri.edu, missourifamilies.org, frti.org, leti.org, nursingoutreach.missouri.edu, and all persons developing pages on this server. Additionally, policies pertaining to accessibility, consistency, content ownership and credibility apply to all MU Extension programmatic and administrative websites, regardless of the server on which they are housed.
The University of Missouri Extension Web Team maintains the University of Missouri Extension main pages and statewide program pages. The Web Team is responsible for overall consistency, compliance, coordination and support of the extension Web presence. The Web Team, in cooperation with ETCS, issues accounts for Web authoring on the MU Extension server and may revoke account privileges for violations publishing policies or violations of the acceptable use policy.
The Web Team is responsible for ensuring the MU Extension Web presence is professional, well-organized, easy to navigate and adheres to the MU Extension Web publishing policies. As such, Web Team members have the authority to make changes to any content in the MU Extension website to correct problems and policy violations.
All University of Missouri Extension websites and content are a reflection of the university and its employees. As such, these websites are expected to meet a high standard of professionalism and credibility while providing unbiased, research-based information from the University of Missouri.
All content on MU Extension Web pages shall be reviewed for accuracy. Accuracy is just as important in electronic publications as it is in print publications and shall have equally high priority. Programmatic curricula must go through the same review by Program Directors as for any other type of publication.
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It is NEVER an acceptable practice to re-publish content from other websites or printed sources onto your own website or into a printed publication UNLESS one of the following criteria are met:
University of Missouri Extension is committed to providing equal access to our services and resources to all citizens, including those with disabilities. In addition, as part of the land-grant university system, extension is funded in part by the USDA, requiring use to comply with ADA laws governing federal agencies. In 1998, Congress amended the Rehabilitation Act to require federal agencies to make electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities.
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Groups wishing to hire an independent contractor or otherwise engage someone who is not an employee of MU Extension to design, build or maintain Web pages housed on extension.missouri.edu must involve the extension Web Team, prior to signing a contract or beginning work, in all discussions regarding the scope and nature of the work the contractor will do.
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