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Vesión en español
Leading innovation for the past 30 years
Based on collaborative work, we build communities that generate value through the adoption of standards and the introduction of logistics best practices in inter-company processes.
Generating knowledge applicable to the transformation and competitiveness of value networks through research projects in:
Sustainability, Public Policy, Megacities, Technology, Risk and Strategy. See more
Implementing solutions and developing competencies, to enhance value networks through:
Logistics Talent Development, Consulting and Information & Analytics. See more
Meeting point for the development of collaborative initiatives based on international standards and logistics best practices where large communities benefit. See more
Networking opportunities driven by LOGYCA, where players from different industries meet to build and implement - through dialogue and relationship-building - common innovative solutions to make their value networks more competitive and sustainable.
MEMBER companies of GS1 COLOMBIA | LOGYCA, representated by their top officers who exchange experiences and define action plans through consensus.
Each Collaborative Group meets four to five times a year. A participant-defined agenda is developed in these sessions. Academic components, conferences, talks, exhibitions; as well as practical workshops, tours, and visits are part of this agenda. Specific initiatives and plans that are measurable over the short, medium and long term arise from these interactions.
An initiative developed jointly between LOGYCA and Ministry of Agriculture led the consolidation of the agricultural sector in the country through the development of better logistics practices.
Ongoing initiatives:
Participants:Farmers, trade association and government entities in the sector.
This group defines and promotes collaborative initiatives that seek to increase the operational and competitive efficiency of sector companies, through the use of international standards, logistics best practices and innovation in their value networks, all this under the same premise: to satisfy the new demands of the omnichannel consumer.
Initiatives underway:
Participants:top producers and merchants from the mass consumption sector in the country.
Conscious of the significant role of the traditional channel in the value network of Colombia's mass consumption industry, this group identifies opportunities to develop collaborative iniciatives that seek to increase operational and competitive efficiency, dealing with the sector's challenges.
Participants:top mass consumption actors that are relevant in this channel.
This group was created as a development platform for the Hotels, Restaurants and Catering - HORECA - subsectors through the implementation of standard implementation tools and best logistics practices to achieve operational efficiencies through collaborative work with vendors and distributors.
Participants:: this group is comprised of industry, distributors, restaurants, catering companies and hotels, key players in the sector.
This group was designed to foster synergies between the various players in the sector's value network, and so implement cross-cutting solutions for the optimization of its logistics processes; from standard identification and data quality, to the use of RFID technology for real time inventory visibility.
Participants: leading sector companies, as well as clusters devoted to leveraging its growth in the country's various regions.
Patients deserve better care and the highest levels of safety in the supply of medications, procedures and provision of medical services. The so-called "five rights" are promoted from this group: the right medication/device, through the right administration/procedural pathway, in the right dose/condition, in the right patient and at the right time. All this, from the use of GS1 standards and the application of best practices, under the principle of collaboration.
Participants: these initiatives are led by hospitals, clinics and their medications and medical devices's vendors.
The Identification of Raw Materials and Supplies in Apparel Project, tends develop better logistics practices based on the use of international standards.
Participants:Industrial, raw material suppliers, retailers and major chains.
Through the collaborative work between industry and distributors in the traditional channel and banks, this group seeks to optimize the operational efficiency of this channel's financial value network - from order to payment - thus driving banking penetration in the sector and the country.
Participants:banks, industry and distributors that service the traditional channel.
This group's purpose is to foster dialog leading to the identification of common logistics issues among sector companies and define solutions that become a part of a long-term action plan whose results have real impact on the competitiveness and efficiency of the value network.
Participants: top generators and/or distributors of goods in Colombia.
With the growth of digital commerce and mobile technology, companies in the retail and mass consumption sector are focusing their efforts on increasing the operational and competitive efficiency of the online sales channel, offering a purchasing experience that meets the expectation of the omnichannel consumer.
Initiatives underway:
Participants:leading industry and chains
Starting from understanding the needs and challenges of our members and their sectors, this group develops and implements solutions increasing the operational and competitive efficiency of their customers, through the use of global standards and the adoption of logistics best practices.
Participants: software and hardware companies, vendors of logistics solutions based on the implementation of global standards and best logistics practices.
This group constitutes an innovative logistics community willing to collaborate in the implementation of best practices, the advancement of knowledge and the creation of new forms of work that generate competitiveness in their companies and sectors.
Participants: logistics and supply chain managers from our member companies, leading actors from value networks, in their different roles: logistics operators, industrialists in many sectors and merchants.
The actors in the pharmaceutical value network face great challenges associated to regulations, opening of markets and the high variability and uncertainty in their behavior. This group was created for the purpose of carrying out joint initiatives that allow its participants to be more efficient and competitive in this changing environment.
Participants:top laboratories and pharmaceutical products retailers in the country.
Thousands of companies, representing all economic sectors, have come together as MEMBERS and form today a unique community that leads and promotes efficiency and sustainability in Value Networks through collaborative work.
Thanks to the benefits offered by LOGYCA, our members have the opportunity to direct and impact the development of their value networks, their companies and their people.
Whether through participation in Collaborative Groups, leadership of Collaborative Initiatives, attendance at exclusive conferences or using and profiting from the reports produced by LOGYCA, our members take an active part and lead the development of their value networks.
Our role is to accompany and guide them as well as generate the framework to achieve change.
Voice and vote in initiatives that impact the development of your Value Network.
Information on trends and best practices and reports and studies on their value networks.
High-level networking through Collaborative Groups and Committees.
Special rates on LOGYCA SERVICES
Access to international standards.
Right to postulate your company to be member of the GS1 Colombia Directive Board, as well as attendance and vote in the General Assembly.
For more information about our services or any questions, please fill out and submit the following form. Please select the reason that best suits your need. We 'll be in touch soon.
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Versión en español


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At the bottom of the elevator shaft we found the lift car, smashed. Jeremiah helped me over the debris and we came out into a long corridor dimly lit by little yellow lamps. At intervals their light was aided by white orbs on metal stands, connected to the thick cylinder of cabling laid by engineers of the Citadel of the Recovery. Jeremiah strode down the silent corridor and I followed him, still chilled by his latest revelation about the untamed galactic wilderness beyond the borders of the Panstellar Neighbourhood...
Dear readers,
It's finally happened: the free version of this science-fiction novel has been taken offline in order to make room for the hard-cover printed edition from Ephemera Bound Publishing, on sale in stores and online beginning Valentine's Day, 2008.
I regret any disappointment. I kept the free version available as long as I could. Please do be sure to check out the new edition! See Cheeseburger Brown.com for more information and updates.
Cheeseburger Brown
P.S. You can read more of my free fiction via my weblog or in the complete story achives.

subset: commoncrawl


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Exclusive offer on Olaplex hair treatment in Bristol at our hair salons
We've got an exclusive offer this week at Stages Hair Design from our Bristol Hairdressing blog – and it's for amazing hair treatments using wonder hair product Olaplex.
Here's a picture of this incredible new hair treatment product, taken when we were at the recent Salon International show in London and talking to the Olaplex consultants on their stand during the UK's top annual hair exhibition.
Olaplex is a unique hair treatment for chemically or heat-damaged hair, and uses a bond multiplying system to rebuild hair strength, structure and integrity.
Once hair has been treated with Olaplex, it is possible to enjoy further hair colouring and it's compatible with all hair types – more importantly, Olaplex can be used on its own as a hair conditioning treatment, or mixed with hair colouring and used as a hair strengthening product during hair colouring.
As far as we're aware, Olaplex is the first hair product to treat hair from the inside out. It will be delivered to clients by James at our Patchway hair salon, and Jade at our Westbury hair salon.
Our exclusive offer on Olaplex hair treatments is a simple discount deal – normally priced at £16, you can enjoy an Olaplex hair treatment for only £12 when you quote 'SHD Olaplex' at either of our Bristol hair salons.
To find out more about the revolutionary hair treatment offered by Olaplex, and why it's such an incredible hair product, please visit here.
To see Olaplex in action, check out this superb YouTube video.
If you have any queries about our Bristol hair salons, please feel free to get in touch here.


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SEO Service Provider
SEO Service Provider is a person or organization offers seo service to companies and organization or needy individual people who ever becoming their clients. There are very many SEO Service Provider available in the market. you Can even choose one of them from back yard to high sky scraper.
SEO Service Provider is the actual seo provider so they have own set up and ideas to do the seo for 3rd party websites. Here you can understand the value of seo and how to do that correctly.
SEO Service Provider ?- Who is that ?
SEO Service Provider is the provider who provides seo service. We have already spoken about it. But seo service is since most important service to promote the websites the significance of this service will be most high. SEO provider must be able to solve seo related problems in on page and off page issues.
Normally SEO service Provider will give you a set of features of their service and special aspects of them. The list also will tell you the benefits you will enjoy from them if you choose them.
SEO Service Provider ? How to find apt provider?
SEO Service Provider can be available every where but if you try to find a quality seo work you must try better people. Your normal seo also will be useful or one from your back yard will be fit. But you must try to find that information. A good seo person can solve every problems related to all seo and ranking issues. When you choose some one you must ask for special features of that SEO service Provider. You can easily understand what all benefits you get if you choose them.
SEO Service Provider Features of our services and your benefits.
As a SEO Service Provider we also has own service features as well as own terms for accessing our service. Your benefits will go along with our features.
Here are they
1. Auditing of the web blog also Site speed considerations.
2. Site Errors removal- technical assessment-
3. Manual Submissions to Top Directories
4. RSS integration and disposal
5. Key word research, density check, data research- for Long Tiled and short tiled Key words
6. Re writing and adding seo content ( Will come under seo service )
7. Internal link structure through content
8. Content frequency
9. Media images and videos management through integrated content
10.Complete management of SEO Content – ( under the work of SEO service Provider )
11.External Linking architecture
12.External back link building
13.Managaement of link juice. ( under the work of SEO service Provider )
14.Post Penguin link structure implementation
15. Bad link removals. ( Will come under seo service )
16.Spying of competitors for keyword and links ( under the work of SEO service Provider )
17. Formulate plan to over come competitions
18.Implementation of the SEO plans/ Special SEO service Provider
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20. Total SEO service integrated as per the need- Tailor made SEO service- ( under the work of SEO service Provider )
It is already HIGH TIME Act now get best service from us right now.. Contact us now itself .


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Where to See a Tribute to Mag Mile — Michigan Avenue Magazine
Most shoppers thronging North Michigan Avenue would find it hard to believe that this stellar strip of real estate was once a pretty sleepy stretch of town. Sure, it had hotels and a few art galleries, but it was hardly the lively destination it is today. The street's metamorphosis into the Magnificent Mile was fueled in a large part by fashion, as high-end retailers transformed the blocks between Tribune Tower and the Drake Hotel into one of the country's premier shopping districts. This month, the Chicago History Museum celebrates our city's most famous thoroughfare with the opening of "Chicago Styled: Fashioning The Magnificent Mile."


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Middle School Computer Lessons; Smartboards
Middle School Computer Lessons; Smartboards
For the best middle school computer lessons go to www.middleschoolcomputerlessons.com
Smartboards can be great in any classroom. However it is up to the teacher as to how much a part of the class they become. I recently went to a conference on SB's and attended several classes about them. Every time I go to one of these things I feel overwhelmed about all the ideas out there in technology in education. I have to remind myself that I cannot be an expert in everything and need to pick what is best for me and my teaching situation. I do teach technology and actually no longer have a sb in my room. But I have had one in the past and would categorize myself as an "expert" in the Beginner category. I know enough to advise teachers who are looking to use one.
If you are new to SB's, I suggest you find a workshop and attend. When I leave I want to get into it with my students. If I taught a core subject, this would be a vital tool in my teaching. The possibilities are endless.
I my building, we have the wide range of SB usage. Some teachers are masters and others the SB sits in the room unattended. I would encourage any teacher who is remotely interested in using one in their room more to attend a workshop.
One of the best features of a SB is the software (Notebook 10) it is actually free. You don't even actually need a SB to use it. That in itself is an extremely useful teaching tool.
For more ideas and the best Middle School Computer Lessons on the web check out www.middleschoolcomputerlessons.com


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(719) 597-0004
When we think of Europe today, it's hard not to imagine it without largely open borders and the euro currency. But the European Union (E.U.) is just shy of a quarter century old.
The E.U. of course has an impact beyond Europe's borders so, with an anniversary coming up, this is a good time to look at how the organization came into being and the benefits that it's brought to travelers.
The seeds of the E.U. were planted in the aftermath of World War II. In September 1946, British statesman Winston Churchill referred to his vision of a "United States of Europe." It was hoped that cooperation among nations would bolster the economies of European countries and, by making them interdependent, ensure a stable, peaceful continent. Over the next decade, European nations forged ties in areas where they had common interests such as, the market for coal and steel.
Twenty-five years ago, the move toward cooperation took another giant step forward. On Dec. 9–10, 1991, representatives of European countries met in Maastricht, in the Netherlands, to draft a treaty that would form the basis for the European Union. The Maastricht Treaty was signed on Feb. 7, 1992 and went into effect on Nov. 1, 1993. At the time, 12 countries were part of the European Union. Today, there are 28 member nations.
From its inception, the E.U. has recognized the vital role that tourism plays in the economies of member nations. Tourism provides jobs, spurs growth, and develops little-known areas into popular destinations.
Indeed, Europe continues to be a popular vacation spot for Americans. A European river cruise in London, Rome, and Florence/Tuscany made the top 10 international vacation destinations in Travel Leaders Group's annual Travel Trends Survey, which polled 1,316 U.S.-based travel agency owners, managers, and frontline agents about their bookings for 2016. Paris was close behind at number 11.
Two outgrowths of the E.U. that benefit travelers are the single currency—the euro—used in most of the member nations and open borders across much of the continent—which makes traveling via car, train, or plane a much easier process given how many countries you can cross into over a relatively short distance.
A key element of the Maastricht Treaty was the creation of the euro, which was introduced on Jan. 1, 2002. Today, the euro is used by 19 of the 28 E.U. countries. (Some, including the United Kingdom, decided to stick with their own currency.)
For American travelers, a single currency makes it easier to budget a vacation, especially if it involves traveling to more than one country. There's no need to figure out multiple exchange rates. There's no need to exchange currency multiple times. And in recent years, a strong U.S. dollar has meant that travelers get more for their money when visiting Europe. For example, in 2015 the dollar reached an 11-year high against the euro.
Travelers will find open borders across a wide swath of Europe—meaning they don't have to show their passports as they go from one country to the next. (Although, before you go, be aware that there are exceptions and, at certain times, border security can be tightened.) Borderless travel makes seeing Europe quicker and easier. And with so much to see, there's no time to waste.
For help planning a trip to Europe, contact your us at (719) 597-0004.


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An Unbiased View of penang hotel
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I love these earrings! An effortless way to be so stylish. The skipping stones simple earring will be your favorite everyday earring. Bold and simple.
- Earring drop is 1" and 1/2" wide.
- Available in bronze and silver.
- All of our jewelry comes beautifully packaged and ready to give.


text: Question? Comment? Email Us, Its That Easy Trying to talk with us? Email us a quick comment and we'll be sure to answer any question or address any topic you may have. We want to make sure you're always in up to speed with your heating and cooling, so don't think twice about reaching out to us. If you feel you need emergency service or need heating and cooling service within 4 hours, please call us as soon as possible at 469-249-1971.


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Tuesday, October 16, 2007
Shipping Peace Around the World
So by articles like this, more people get to know about our project. We are trying to ship the show to the US by the end of this month so more people will probably get a chance to experience peace through art with children.
We'll let you know about the details...
P.S. It's lovely to ship the Peace around the world... I guess it just costs so much huh?!
2 comments:
- Cambodia said...
Cambodian people need more help. Most of rural people have low knowledge and easy to be cheat especially young girl...
- January 11, 2008 at 8:21 AM
- Setareh Masoumbeiki said...
It's true. Most of the young girls in the rural area are in danger of getting cheated. Friends International/Mith Samlanh* has a great prevention program called : Safe Migrants. For more information
please check: http://www.streetfriends.org/
* http://www.friends-international.org
- January 11, 2008 at 12:22 PM
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Got a 3D printer? If so, you have likely experienced 3D Printing Fails. A 3D printing fail is the point that you're beautifully crafted 3D model turns into a blob of molten plastic or if you're lucky a piece of 3D printed abstract art. 3D printing fails are part of the experience of 3D printing, typically the more detail you have in a model the higher the chance of failure, 3D printer maintenance and material can also effect this. As the 3D printing industry continues to grow what will we do with all of these 3D printing fails?
It's true that 3D printing one object can be more efficient than using traditional manufacturing techniques however as 3D printing scales up and the industry is reportedly set to be worth almost $5 billion dollars by 2018 that translates into a huge amount of failed plastic as well as support material for your object that is simply discarded. Plastic is harmful to the environment so when we do use it, it's best we don't use more than we absolutely need and its best that we don't create waste plastic such as '3D printing fails'.
There are companies out there with products that recycle plastic filament such as Filabot which is a really interesting concept and a good way to avoid directly binning those failed prints and support material. However when we start moving on to resins and composite 3D printing materials it complicates the situation again, my question to you is…
What do you do with your failed 3D prints?


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11:15am PT by Graeme McMillan
'Back to The Future' to Receive Live Orchestra Accompaniment for 30th Anniversary Rerelease
Where they're going, they don't need roads — but, as it turns out, full orchestral accompaniment is a whole other story.
To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the much-loved time travel adventure Back to the Future, the Robert Zemeckis-directed film is headed back in a way most would never expect. IMG Artists and the Gorfaine/Schwartz Agency announced a new partnership with Universal Pictures on Tuesday that will see the movie return to venues in 2015 across the globe, accompanied by a live orchestra performing Alan Silvestri's score.
Read more London Secret Screening Organizer Bringing 'Back to the Future' to L.A.
Silvestri, who was nominated for an Academy Award for his score to the 1985 classic starring Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd and Lea Thompson, will provide approximately 15 minutes of new material as part of the performance tour, which will debut with a screening and performance in Lucerne, Switzerland in May of next year.
The new series of orchestral screenings will actually be the second anniversary celebrations for the movie to center around music. In January, it was revealed that Zemeckis, screenwriter Bob Gale and theater director Jamie Lloyd were collaborating on a stage musical version of the story to debut in London at some point during 2015. That musical is also expected to feature new contributions from Silvestri.
Read more Back to the Future': How the Opening Sequence Was Created
Graeme firstname.lastname@example.com graemem


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November 29, 2010
History of Native and Hispanic American Land Claims resulting from
the 1943 U.S. Federal Seizure of New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau
A Research Paper Presented to
Instructor J. R. GARCIA, MA
New Mexico History #260
By Jeffrey E. Genauer
Introduction – Page 3
Native and Hispanic American Roots on the Pajarito Plateau – 4
History of the "Ramon Vigil" Land Grant – 6
United States Government Controls the Pajarito Plateau – 11
United States Government Addresses Land Claims on the Pajarito Plateau – 13
Conclusion – 17
Endnotes – 19
Bibliography – 20
For a number of years, as a peace and environmental activist supporting groups in New Mexico including Trinity Nuclear Abolitionists, Think Outside The Bomb, and Tewa Women United, my experience with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has been one of protest against the ecological devastation and runaway militarism associated with nuclear weapons. This August, for example, marked the 65th anniversary of the atomic bombs that the United States dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan in 1945. A coalition of peace groups commemorated this tragic date by holding a series of non-violent protest actions, in Santa Fe and Los Alamos, at which a number of people were arrested for civil disobedience. Although I was not one of those arrested, I participated in these actions by harvesting dozens of beautiful sunflowers – a worldwide symbol of nuclear disarmament and peaceful transformation – from an organic farm in Albuquerque. I then transported the flowers to these protests in order to heighten their visual representation of a peaceful and ecologically sustainable world without war and weapons of mass destruction. Ironically, as I learned by researching this paper, the area of Los Alamos itself was once covered in productive organic farms. But today, the radioactive pollution that seeps from LANL, through the air and from its canyons and watersheds, is a disconcerting source of environmental contamination to farmers downstream. My goal in researching this paper was to become a more informed activist by learning about the history of the land and of the former inhabitants of the Pajarito Plateau, with a focus on the background and results of their struggle for justice following the United States seizure of their properties. Ideally, I hoped to discover information proving that, in the words of LANL whistleblower Joe Guttierez, "the government does not have clear title to these lands." Although I was not able to definitively verify this allegation – and, in the past decade, settlements by the Pajarito Plateau homesteaders and by San Ildefonoso seem to have granted to the U.S. government the "clear title" that it previously may have lacked – I believe that researching this paper did successfully serve to expand my knowledge of the complex historical background to the establishment of and now-permanent occupation by the U.S. government and military upon the Pajarito Plateau. Thus, it has helped to me become a more informed and effective New Mexican peace activist.
Native and Hispanic American Roots on the Pajarito Plateau
When the Manhattan Project was established on New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau in 1943 by the United States War Department, this area was chosen to house hundreds of research scientists and their "top-secret" atomic weapons experimentation for some of the very same reasons that it had been only sparsely inhabited by people for hundreds of years. The Pajarito Plateau's relatively remote geographical location and difficult accessibility, in addition to its frequently harsh climate, had prevented this terrain of canyons, forests, and long narrow mesas from being attractive to settlement by more than small numbers of Hispano and Anglo homesteaders or colonists. Although the Pajarito Plateau and its surrounding vicinity had previously been home to a substantial society of native Indians, who left their permanent archaeological mark on the land in the form of sprawling complexes of built structures, these "ancestral Puebloans" had migrated from (but never "abandoned") the region in the 1300s – probably due to hardships caused by prolonged drought – and relocated in New Mexico's more fertile valleys. Their descendants, in particular those who live today at San Ildefonso Pueblo to the near east, have traditionally believed the Pajarito Plateau to be a sacred place where the prayers and spirits of their ancestors are still alive. In addition, from the 1880s into the 1940s, as lands grew more crowded in and a new railroad penetrated into the Española Valley below, the Pajarito Plateau became inhabited by several dozen homesteading families, as well as the 772-acre Los Alamos Ranch School.
These homesteaders were predominantly Hispanic but also included several influential Anglo settlers. By the beginning of World War II, despite its remote location, rugged terrain, and challenging climate, virtually all of the flatland areas of the Pajarito Plateau's mesas that could be inhabited, cultivated and grazed upon had been claimed as private property. Surrounded by expansive national forests and connected economically to the Española Valley, the Hispano homesteaders who lived there were engaged in hard but productive agrarian lives of ranching and both subsistence and commercial farming. Some of the Hispano farmers seem to have learned to use modern farming implements and advanced organic agricultural techniques from professionally trained and innovative dryland farmer H.H. Brook. Transplanting himself from the Midwest to New Mexico to recover from a bout with tuberculosis, Brook started homesteading on the Pajarito Plateau in 1909 and soon had 400 acres under cultivation, before selling his land in 1917 and becoming the extension agent in Dona Ana County for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Known locally as the "Bean King," Brook is believed to have sold his modern farm machinery to Hispanos who worked for him, such as homesteader Estanislado Gonzales, and his extraordinarily successful techniques (and possibly also his seed varieties) certainly filtered around the Pajarito Plateau. In the most successful years, certain homesteaders were able to harvest well over 20,000 cumulative pounds of beans, corn, wheat, oats, animal feed, and other crops.
Yet despite this impressive productivity and the extensive material improvements to the land that the Hispano homesteaders had made – including the fences and homes they constructed – their land was officially valued in 1943 at a miniscule fraction of the $335,000 that the Los Alamos Ranch School received from the U.S. government as compensation for the federal condemnation and seizure of their land. Many of the Hispano homesteaders were evicted with no compensation at all, and others were granted just $7 to $15 per acre (compared to the $220 per acre that the Ranch School negotiated). Later, from the late 1990s until 2007, after the Department of Energy was ordered by Congress to divest thousands of acres of its Los Alamos-area lands to Los Alamos County and San Ildefonso Pueblo, this severe disparity would produce the ultimately successful efforts by the Pajarito Plateau Homesteaders Association to achieve legislative relief and retroactive compensation, through lawsuits against and political lobbying to the U.S. government.
History of the "Ramon Vigil" Land Grant
However, in order to understand the full and complicated historical background to these lawsuits and the numerous changes in land tenure that have impacted the Pajarito Plateau, from the Spanish crown's jurisdiction over the area until today, one must first examine the controversial history and legacy of the "Ramon Vigil" land grant. This history began in 1742, when a former soldier named Pedro Sanchez was living on a small tract of land in Santa Cruz de la Cañada (now a neighborhood in the town of Española) with his wife, twelve children, three orphaned nephews, and three female servants. In his petition to the governor, Sanchez claimed to have so much trouble supporting his family on his tiny acreage that he needed a grant of extra land. At that time, the Spanish crown had a policy of rewarding subjects for their military service and, within limits, sought to encourage Spaniards to settle the remote peripheries of the empire. The land that Sanchez sought was described as being bounded on the north by the lands of San Ildefonso Pueblo, on the south by the lands of Captain Andres Montoya, on the east by the Rio Grande, and on the west by the Sierra Madre. Governor Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza soon granted this substantial area of land adjoining San Ildefonso Pueblo and neighboring Hispanos to Pedro Sanchez, who moved to the land with his family but then abandoned the property after only a few years. Under the laws and customs of the Spanish crown, this abandonment should have meant that the grant was subsequently declared null and void – and, officially, perhaps it was. But more than one century later, in 1851, the heirs of Pedro Sanchez revived their claim to the grant. On behalf of eight out of the eleven heirs – three of whom refused to sell their shares to him – Antonio Sanchez sold the grant to Jose Ramon Vigil, who had recently served as the alcalde (mayor) of Santa Clara. With the United States newly in control of the territory of New Mexico and undertaking an extensive but underfunded, chaotic, and "woefully inadequate" process to survey and demarcate its lands, the time was ripe for Ramon Vigil to attempt to prove and confirm his title to the Pedro Sanchez grant before the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court.
Although Ramon Vigil was one of the first Hispano citizens of New Mexico who was able to successfully defend a private land grant and have it confirmed by the U.S., contemporary historians have called the validity of his claim into serious question. Following upon the research of Los Alamos resident historian Marjorie Bell Chambers , Malcolm Ebright argues persuasively that the documentary evidence that Ramon Vigil presented in court was, in fact, forged. If the grant had indeed been abandoned by Pedro Sanchez (which is further indicated by his application for another grant in the late 1740s) and subsequently nullified by the Spanish crown, then the original grant document could have been stamped with a notice of revocation, as happened in other cases. According to Ebright, Vigil likely remedied this situation "by copying the entire grant and omitting the notation that the grant had been revoked, thus breathing new life into the grant." By comparing handwriting samples and analyzing discrepancies between the "forged" Sanchez grant document and its associated deeds of sale – including inconsistent tract boundaries – Ebright provides additional evidence that Vigil was proffering a counterfeit claim. At any rate, Vigil was not only clever enough to pass off the forged documents as legitimate but also ingeniously procured legal representation from J.S. Watts, an associate justice on the first New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court. In 1859, Surveyor General William Pelham recommended to U.S. Congress that the grant be confirmed, and in 1860 Congress finally confirmed it. In 1879, Vigil sold the grant to Father Thomas Aquinas Hayes for $4,000.
But while "the approval of a land grant of this size when the grant documents were forged was highly improper" on its own terms, the validity of Ramon Vigil's revival of the Pedro Sanchez grant is called into even greater doubt by the early protest against this grant by San Ildefonso Pueblo, followed by the Spanish crown's partial acceptance of their claim in 1764. Although the laws governing Pueblo land holdings were applied inconsistently throughout the reign of Spain in New Mexico, legal custom and precedent dictated that each Pueblo was entitled to four square leagues, traditionally measured from the cross at the center of the Pueblo cemetery. In 1763, San Ildefonso Pueblo launched a lawsuit that asked Governor Tomas Velez Cachupin to formally measure the four square leagues to which the Pueblo was entitled. They claimed that certain Hispanos (including aforementioned Captain Montoya) were encroaching upon their land from the south and east, and that part of the Pedro Sanchez grant was within their western boundaries. When the alcalde of Santa Cruz measured the lands, he indeed discovered that the house and corral of Pedro Sanchez (which apparently were then abandoned) were well within San Ildefonso's league. After referring the case to the magistrate in Chihuahua, Governor Velez Cachupin agreed to implement a compromise solution: The encroaching Hispanos on the south and east would be allowed to remain, but the Pueblo was granted "all the land they needed on the west side, including the land previously granted to Pedro Sanchez, for pasturing San Ildefonso's cattle." This ruling should have finalized the end of the existence of the Pedro Sanchez grant. Further complicating the matter, Rothman states that "ironically, Vigil's homestead was outside of the property he owned." Nevertheless, due to Ramon Vigil's industry and good fortune, the grant would be resurrected in the 19th century with the U.S. seal of approval. San Ildefonso Pubelo's position that this grant was unjustly authorized, officially revoked, and then again unjustly confirmed by the U.S. served to bolster their own particular claim in the 20th century to lands in the area occupied by Los Alamos National Laboratory.
In 1877, the history of the Ramon Vigil grant received another fateful twist when U.S. surveyors decided to cut its boundaries roughly in half, down to about 32,000 acres. Similar to many Spanish and Mexican land grants, the Vigil grant had informal borders. Traditionally, its northern limit was the seasonal creek in Guajes Canyon, while its western edge was formed by the peaks of the Jemez Mountains. The U.S. surveyors drew an arbitrary line for the grant's northern boundary and changed its western boundary to the base of the mountains. In 1881, Father Hayes, the grant's new owner, challenged this decision in court but lost the case. In 1885, he sold the grant to a duo of Midwestern investors for $100,000, thus accumulating the phenomenal profit of 2,400 percent over his original $4,000 investment. The new owners also protested against the huge decrease in the grant's acreage, and again lost in court. These decisions effectively classified much of the Pajarito Plateau as public land and opened it to settlement under the Homestead Act of 1862. According to the terms of the Homestead Act, prospective private landowners were required to undergo a prolonged process of filing an application, improving the land, and filing for a deed of title. Successful applicants generally received title to lots of land amounting to 80 or 160 acres. Small numbers of Hispano settlers, mainly Española valley residents who tended to reside in the plateau seasonally in the warm months and utilize the land for agriculture and livestock grazing, before migrating back to the valley for the winter, began to apply for and receive homesteading deeds in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The first homesteaders on record were Antonio Sanchez in 1885 and Donaciano Gomez in 1899 , but they were almost certainly joined by other Hispanos who, for whatever reasons, inhabited the plateau while neglecting to submit to the process of officially filing for land title under the terms of the Homestead Act.
At the same time, the Anglo capitalist owners of the now-diminished Ramon Vigil grant were leasing out the land to a series of efforts to make the land profitable through intensive cattle grazing and logging, all of which ultimately failed. First, large herds of Texan-owned cattle were decimated by the brutal winter of 1886-87. Then, after the Ramon Land and Labor Company (owned by H.H. Brook and partners) went bankrupt in 1913 due to a U.S. Forest Service lawsuit against them which alleged that they had illegally logged on federal land, ownership over the Ramon Vigil grant turned over to the United States Bank and Trust Company. The grant was sold to a consortium of prominent Detroit automobile industrialists in 1914, and then, in 1918, to Española-based businessman Frank Bond, who had grown wealthy from his introduction of a system of credit into the regional economy. By offering credit to the cash-poor Hispanos who shopped and traded at his general store in the newly founded railroad town of Española, Bond soon became one of the region's richest and most powerful Anglo men. His empire also extended to sheep, a traditional staple of the Hispano subsistence and commercial economy. By leasing sheep to Hispanos and simultaneously acquiring a monopoly over much of the grazing land in northern New Mexico, Bond was able to gain vast profits. Following the New Deal and Franklin D. Roosevelt's creation of the Soil Conservation Service, Bond profited again by selling the Ramon Vigil grant – now seriously degraded due to a generation of over-grazing by sheep – to the SCS.
United States Government Controls the Pajarito Plateau
Through this sale, by the 1930s, the federal government possessed the vast majority of land upon and surrounding the Pajarito Plateau. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt established the U.S. Forest Service as a division of the Department of Agriculture. In 1906, the Jemez Forest Reserve (later reapportioned to the Santa Fe National Forest) was created, which included some of the plateau's most important archaeological sites. Also in 1906, under the terms of the Forest Homestead Act, the government opened arable areas within national forests to settlement, which made more land available on the Pajarito Plateau. Despite this concession to the public, when the U.S. decided to locate the Manhattan Project on the Pajarito Plateau in 1942, the fact that most of the area was already held by the government contributed strongly to its desirability as the site for this wartime initiative. From among the approximately 54,000 acres appropriated for the secretive atomic weapons research program, about 8,400 were owned privately by the Los Alamos Ranch School, Anchor Ranch (owned by Anglos) and various Hispano homesteaders. The government designated a total of $414,000 to purchase this land, over 75% of which was paid to the politically and legally well-connected Anglo owners of the Ranch School.
While seizure of the Ranch School's property was subject to due process and compensated at fair market value, the Hispano homesteaders received no such judicious treatment. In contrast, in most cases, they were given 24-hour notice that their properties were being condemned and that they were required to abandon the area by U.S. military order. Their buildings were demolished and their livestock was killed, often in the direct view of families and children. After investing years, if not decades, in the creation of productive farming and ranching enterprises under the terms of the Homestead Act, few if any of these Hispano families were able to re-establish equally independent and profitable lives elsewhere in New Mexico. In the wartime climate of patriotic hysteria – which justified a wide range of domestic actions that repressed the rights and liberties of Americans, including the internment of Japanese citizens – these Hispano families had no legal or civil recourse to protest against their treatment or to acquire fair compensation for their extraordinary eviction. Some of them even were even forced to work, against their will and for horribly low wages, in the construction of the Manhattan Project. Only more than a half century later, after many of the original victims of eviction were already deceased, were they afforded the opportunity (through a process of protracted struggle) to win a measure of justice.
Meanwhile in 1943, lands belonging to San Ildefonso Pueblo were also designated for federal seizure. San Ildefonso Puebloans assert that they were assured by the U.S. government that this seizure was merely a "temporary" wartime measure. After the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs precipitated the unconditional surrender of Japan and the end of World War II in 1945, the permanence of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos was indeed in doubt. With its remote location and expensive cost, many military and governmental leaders preferred to shut down Los Alamos and relocate its infrastructure and scientists to a more centrally convenient site. A number of voices called for Los Alamos to be preserved as a national park, with its ramshackle buildings frozen in time as monuments to the spectacular birthplace of the atomic age. Numerous plans to move the nuclear facilities were proposed, but none gained the consensus of the military establishment, Congress, and President Truman. Furthermore, any move would require at least two years to take effect – six months to plan the move, twelve months to build the new location, and six more months for the actual move. Amid the uncertainty, Manhattan Project director Leslie R. Groves presented his fait accompli in early 1946: "The only solution, therefore, is to stay at Los Alamos for at least the next few years, and to improve the existing facilities to such a degree as is necessary." Under the leadership of Norris Bradbury, LASL's next director until 1970, this solution became permanent.
United States Government Addresses Land Claims on the Pajarito Plateau
In 1947, the Atomic Energy Commission took over authority over the town of Los Alamos. In 1962, exclusive government control over Los Alamos ended and the town became a self-governing community; Los Alamos County was founded in 1949 out of parts of Sandoval and Santa Fe Counties. In the 1990s, following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) entered a period of major flux, which included scientific diversification of its research projects and the political re-evaluation of its raison d'être. In 1997, New Mexico Senator Pete Domenici sponsored federal legislation ordering the Department of Energy (DOE) to divest itself of "excess property" at LANL in order to increase Los Alamos County's tax base. This legislation also included a return of land to San Ildefonso Pueblo, who had "loaned" land to the federal government in 1943 with the understanding that it would be returned after the war. The loosely organized group of former Pajarito Plateau homesteaders immediately requested 2,500 acres of the DOE's excess property as compensation for the original land they had lost. Domenici insisted that the land was already earmarked for Los Alamos County and San Ildefonso Pueblo, and he refused to include the homesteaders in the legislation. However, the legislation did specify that the U.S. Secretary of Energy – who then was former New Mexican Congressman Bill Richardson – was required to address the homesteader group's claims before the land transfer could proceed. Richardson offered the group nine acres for a monument recognizing Hispano contributions to the war effort, plus funds to preserve the original settlers' cabins and other buildings that had survived Army Corps of Engineers demolition. The homesteaders rejected this offer. Joe Gutierrez, the first president of the Pajarito Plateau Homesteaders Association, a LANL engineer, and an outspoken whistleblower and critic of LANL misdeeds, responded by saying, "We want land, not a monument. We want to prove that the government does not have clear title to these lands."
Mark Schiller, writing for La Jicarita News, describes in detail the process of what happened next. Organizing itself into a formal non-profit group, the Pajarito Plateau Homesteaders Association filed two lawsuits against the U.S. government: One addressed the injustices associated with the loss of land, and the second alleged human rights violations. The human rights lawsuit argued that some of the homesteaders were falsely imprisoned and forced to work on construction of the Manhattan Project without proper compensation, as well as alleging that some homesteaders were "subjected to medical experimentation by being exposed to high levels of radiation." Interviews by La Jicarita News with elderly homesteaders revealed that some of them had been forced to live in DOE facilities and to perform construction labor for the wage of one dollar per day. They further claimed that they were not permitted to leave the restricted area, that they were only allowed to shop at the "exorbitantly expensive" DOE commissary, that they were used to transport plutonium without adequate protection, and that they were forced to drink dubious "medicine" that made them sick.
Both cases were dismissed due to statute of limitation violations, and the homesteaders were told that "their remedy lies with the legislative branch." According to Schiller, Gutierrez claims that the politics surrounding the eventual settlement with Congress were "disturbing" and divisive. Republican Senator Domenici, apparently eager to control the issue by himself and be seen as the "white knight" correcting this historic injustice, used his political influence as a senior member of Congress to limit the involvement of New Mexico's Democratic Senator Bingaman and Congressman Udall. The homesteader association's lawyers, hungry for their own share of the settlement, exploited the fear of the homesteaders that they might lose the opportunity to get paid if they refused to "play ball" with Domenici. Thus, despite internal debate and dissension, the majority of Pajarito Plateau Homesteader Association members decided that supporting Domenici's proposal was their only hope of receiving compensation. On October 28, 2004, Congress passed an act known as "Compenstaion Of Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, Homesteaders For Acquisition Of Lands For Manhattan Project In World War II."
This act by Congress did not admit any wrongdoing on behalf of the government, but it provided $10 million to compensate eligible claimants. Judge Joseph Caldwell was appointed Special Master to distribute the funds. After the lawyers were given $2 million, the claimants had $8 million left to be divided among themselves, with the claims pro-rated upon the basis of the size of the original tract, the proximity in generational lineage of the claimant to the original owner, and the number of claims associated with each tract. On average, this settlement gave the homesteaders $3,200 per acre for the 2,500 acres for which they were seeking return or compensation. By the summer of 2007, 762 claims had been authorized for payment out of approximately 1,200 total claims, amounting to $7.8 million. The most substantial claims (to elderly claimants with small families) amounted to about $100,000, while some claimants received as little as $150. Viewing such insubstantial sums as another injustice, Gutierrez believes an "equitable settlement" would have totaled $60 million. His book documenting the entire history of the dispossession of the homesteaders and their efforts to be compensated is forthcoming.
Meanwhile, by settling the last remaining case filed under the provisions of the Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946, the enactment of the return of Los Alamos lands from the DOE to San Ildefonso Peublo represented "something of a milestone in Federal Indian Policy." Three centuries earlier, in 1704, the Pueblo received their original grant of four square leagues (about 1800 acres) from the Spanish crown. However, the Pueblo maintained that they had traditionally used and occupied a larger area than that contained within the Spanish grant. These larger areas were illegally taken or disposed of by the United States by three methods: 1) Conveyances to various third party grantees under U.S. public land laws; 2) the establishment of the Jemez Forest Reserve in 1905; and 3) by the establishment of the New Mexico Grazing District in 1941 under the Taylor Grazing Act. These findings by the Indian Claims Commission were confirmed by the United States Court of Claims in United States v. Pueblo of San Ildefonso. In 1996, the United States Court of Federal Claims ruled that the U.S. was liable to the Pueblo for these and various other claims. After this, through several years of negotiations between the Pueblo and Federal agencies, a mutually acceptable settlement was reached to convey to the Pueblo approximately 7,100 acres of its aboriginal area from within the Santa Fe National Forest. In addition, the agreement approved the separate transfer in trust to the Pueblo of about 555 acres, known as the "Water System Land," of land located within the Santa Fe National Forest. As one condition for this complex agreement involving multiple parties, the Pueblo accepted the designation of an evacuation route through Pueblo lands, in the case of an emergency within Los Alamos County.
As of the autumn of 2010, this author is aware of no more remaining extant claims, by prior owners of land on the Pajarito Plateau, for any part of the approximately 54,000 acres that the U.S government seized in 1943 for the Manhattan Project. This does not mean, however, that the status of all lands inside Los Alamos County is now permanently fixed. By the 1990s, "not a square inch of land in the region remained unclaimed; two or more entities argued over any specific piece. Signs forbidding passage and use abounded, and because of the inherent limits in usable space, the market value of the region seemed locked into a perpetual cycle of ever increasing monetary value." Compared to both the astronomical land values in Los Alamos County today and the $335,000 that Los Alamos Ranch School received as compensation in 1943, the belated compensation that Hispanic homesteading claimaints received in this decade indeed seems small. When we consider that this financial injustice is compounded by the heretofore unrecognized, unpunished and uncompensated violations of human rights that some homesteaders suffered, the anger that many New Mexicans still feel toward LANL (and the U.S. government overseers who created it) begins to become comprehensible. Ebright concludes that "the treatment of these Hispanic property owners is a shameful chapter in U.S. history." He argues that "the facts of their eviction and the government's active misrepresentation of the valuation process and willful failure to notify the homesteaders of the condemnation proceedings reveal a flagrant disregard for [their] rights." (2007 p. 28) In settling their claim, the United States acknowledged only that they had at first been underpaid and did not admit any willful or active intent to harm them. In light of this, plus the U.S. judicial system's refusal to provide justice for the homesteading claimants upon the basis of a technicality, Native American scholar Vine Deloria's radical criticism against U.S. law seems to possess more than a kernel of truth. "Law is a formal institution designed to make the arbitrary and whmsical behavior of the governing elite seem to have the aura of rationality and truth," he said.
Upon a surface analysis, compared to the Hispanic homesteaders, San Ildefonso seems to have fared somewhat better. After all, more than 7,000 acres of the Pueblo's taken land was returned to them, albeit in part held in trust for them by the U.S. government. But while the homesteaders at least have had the option to potentially move on and rebuild their disrupted lives in new places, San Ildefonso Pueblo cannot move. The Pueblo is stuck in its present location, perilously close to LANL's ongoing nuclear weapons research and production activities. In negotiating their settlement, the Pueblo gave LANL the right to evacuate personnel through Pubelo lands, in the case of a nuclear catastrophe or other type of crisis (such as the Cerro Grande wildfire that threatened LANL buildings in 2000). As the Pueblo with populations living closest to LANL, San Ildefonso sits uncomfortably on the precipice of disaster. Through my peace work as a volunteer and participant in events organized by Tewa Women United, I have heard stories relating their fear, anger and frustration in regard to the U.S. government's abuse and despoliation of their sacred lands. But under the vagaries of U.S. law, the Pueblo has little if any recourse to address this historic injustice. Federal laws that were intended to protect Native American religious freedom, including sacred places, have proven to be inadequate because U.S. courts have tended to interpret such legislation far too narrowly. In addition, as of the Thanksgiving holiday of 2010, the United States remains the only major country in the world that has not signed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Until now, the full history of San Ildefonso Pueblo's experience with the Manhattan Project and the subsequent development and ongoing expansion of Los Alamos National Laboratory has not been published. Many questions remain, such as the degree of critical importance to the Pueblo's religious freedom of the sacred ancestral lands now encompassed by LANL, that can only be answered by the San Ildefonsoans. Unfortunately, in the course of researching this paper, I did not have the opportunity to interview Pueblo members who may – if they are willing – be able to provide such answers. Finally, while the land claims on the Pajarito Plateau have now been settled, a number of fights are still continuing to compel LANL to reduce its environmental risk to present and future generations of northern New Mexicans. From efforts to force LANL to clean up old depositories of radioactive waste from canyons surrounding the Pajarito Plateau, to the multi-party lawsuit that was recently launched with the aim of slowing down or stopping construction of the massive new $4.2 billion Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement Nuclear Facility (CMRR-NF) which LANL intends to use to update and expand its plutonium pit production, New Mexico citizens are working diligently to confront the broader nuclear issues that the Native and Hispanic American land claims – and this paper – have lacked the scope to address.
1 Several photographs from these protests are posted at www.farmerswithflowers.wordpress.com
2 Anschuetz (2006) p. 57.
3 Martinez, Julian and Joseph H. Suina. (2006).
4 Ebright and Salazar (2007) p. 19.
5 Ebright and Salazar (2007) p. 19.
6 Ebright and Salazar (2007) p. 18.
7 Ebright and Salazar (2007) pp. 10-13.
8 Ebright (1994) p. 228.
9 Rothman (1992) p. 12.
10 Ebright (1994) p. 228.
11 Ebright (1994) p. 230.
12 Ebright (1994) p. 233.
13 Ebright (1994) pp. 37-40.
14 Chambers, Marjorie Bell & Linda K. Aldrich. (1999).
15 Ebright (1994) p. 234.
16 Ebright (1994) pp. 231-37.
17 Ebright (1994) p. 238. Rothman (1992) pp. 24-25 alternatively states that Hayes brought the grant 8 years earlier, in 1871, but does not provide a reference. He also emphatically states that "the motive for the purchase [by Hayes] could not have been speculation. Ebright argues it was speculation, and he provides reference to original document.
18 Ebright (1994) p. 231.
19 Hall (1987) p. 76.
20 Rothman (1992) p. 26.
21 Ebright (1994) p. 230.
22 Rothman (1992) p. 13.
23 Rothman (1992) p. 26.
24 Rothman (1992) p. 26.
25 Hoard (xxxx). p. 21.
26 Rothman (1992) pp. 31-32.
27 Ebright (2007) p. 6.
28 Rothman (1992) pp. 128-131.
29 Rothman (1992) p. 201.
30 Rothman (1992) p. 85.
31 Ebrogjht and Salazar (2007) pp. 7-10.
32 Ebright and Salazar (2007) p. 15.
33 Schiller (2007) p. 5.
34 Masco (2006) p. 118.
35 Szasz (2006) p. 127.
36 Szasz (2006) p. 136.
37 Schiller (2007) p. 3.
38 Schiller (2007) p. 4.
39 Schiller (2007) p. 4-7.
40 Committeee on Indian Affairs. (2006)
41 Committeee on Indian Affairs. (2006)
42 Rothman (1992). p. 2
43 Ebright (2007) p. 28.
44 Ebright (2007) p. 28.
45 Deloria (2006) pp. 94-95.
46 Gulliford (2000) pp. 101-102
Aldrich, Linda Harvey, Linda Kathleen Aldrich & John D. Wirth. (2003). Los Alamos: The Ranch School Years, 1917-1943. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Anschuetz, Kurt F. (2006) Tewa Fields, Tewa Traditions. Canyon Gardens: The Ancient Pueblo Landscapes of the American Southwest. Baker H. Morrow & V.B. Price, eds. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Atomic Heritage Foundation, The. Los Alamos Site Selection. http://www.atomicheritage.org/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=150&Itemid=102
Chambers, Marjorie Bell & Linda K. Aldrich. (1999). Los Alamos, New Mexico: A Survey to 1949. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Historical Society.
Chambers, Marjorie Bell. (1999). The Battle for Civil Rights, Or, How Los Alamos Became a County. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Historical Society.
Committee on Indian Affairs. (2006). Report on S.1773, the Pueblo de San Ildefonso Claims Settlement Act of 2005. Report 109-252. 109th Congress, 2nd Session.
Deloria, Vine. (2006) Conquest Masquerading As Law. Unlearning the Language of Conquest: Scholars Expose Anti-Indianism in America. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
DuMars, Charles, T., Marilyn O'Leary & Albert E. Utton. (1984). Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle for a Precious Resource. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Ebright, Malcolm (1987). New Mexican Land Grants: The Legal Background. p. 15-64, Land, Water and Culture: New Perspectives on Hispanic Land Grants. Charles L. Briggs & John R. Van Ness, eds. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Ebright, Malcolm, ed. (1989). Spanish and Mexican Land Grants and the Law. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press.
Ebright, Malcolm. (1994). "The Ramon Vigil Grant: An Undetected Forgery." p. 225-246, Land Grants and Lawsuits in Northern New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Ebright, Malcolm & Richard Salazar. (2007). Hispanic Homesteaders on the Pajarito Plateau: An Unconstitutional Taking of Property at Los Alamos, 1942-1945.
Eichstaedt, Peter H. (1994). If You Poison Us: Uranium and Native Americans. Santa Fe, NM: Red Crane Books.
Forest, Suzanne. (1989). The Preservation of the Village: New Mexico's Hispanics and the New Deal. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Guilford, Andrew. (2000) Sacred Objects and Sacred Places: Preserving Tribal Traditions. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.
Gutierrez, Joe. (2010). Interview With Joe Gutierrez, Former LANL Employee. La Jicarita News: A community advocacy newspaper for northern New Mexico. Chamisal, NM. Volume XV, Number IX.
Hall, Emlen G. (1987). The Pueblo Grant Labyrinth. p. 67-138, Land Grants and Lawsuits in Northern New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Hoard, Dorothy. (2009). Historic Roads of Los Alamos. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Historical Society.
Hunner, Jon. (2004). Inventing Los Alamos: The Growth of an Atomic Community. University of Oklahoma Press.
Lane, Michael A. (2007). The Legacy of the Hispanic Homesteaders on the Pajarito Plateau. http://www.lajuris.com/images/The_Legacy_of_the_Hispanic_Homesteaders_on_the_Pajarito_Plateau.pdf
Martinez, Julian & Joseph H. Suina. (2005). Two Pueblo Perspectives on the Pajarito Plateau. The Peopling of Bandalier: New Insights from the Archaeology of the Pajarito Plateau. Robert P. Powers, ed. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research.
Masco, Joseph. (2006). The Nuclear Borderlands: The Manhattan Project in Post-Cold War New Mexico. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rothman, Hal K. (1992). On Rims and Ridges: The Los Alamos Area Since 1880. University of Nebraska Press.
Schiller, Mark. (2007). Pajarito Homesteaders Settlement Agreement is "Unsettling". La Jicarita News: A community advocacy newspaper for northern New Mexico. Chamisal, NM. Volume XII, Number VII.
Szasz, Ferenc M. (2006). Cutting the Gordian Knot: How Leslie R. Groves and Norris Bradbury Made the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Permanent." p. 125-150, Larger Than Life: New Mexico in the Twentieth Century. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
White, Koch, Kelley and McCarthy, Attorneys at Law & New Mexico State Planning Office. (1971). Land Title Study. Santa Fe, NM: New Mexico State Planning Office.
Whitman, William. (1947). The Pueblo Indians of San Ildefonso: A Changing Culture. Marjorie W. Whitman, ed. New York: Columbia University Press.


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Saturday, 9 March 2013
Back in the Saddle
I came down with some sort of stomach flu this week, and have been down and out recovering. Finally feeling better today, luckily it's also the first gorgeous day in months. It's even warm enough for just a light jacket, so I plan on taking full advantage enjoying this weather. Nothing heals like sunshine, so bring it on sun!
Outfit: Leather Jacket - Sparkle & Fade; Sweater - Smart Set; Jeans - Rag & Bone; Bag & Ring - Forever 21; Flats - Tory Burch; Sunglasses - Ray-Ban; Necklace - Vintage
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Quote:Now is it me or are referees, like policemen, getting younger?The RFU Press Office wrote:
May 7, 2008
The Elite Rugby Department of the RFU has announced two new appointments to its Referee Unit under the management of Ed Morrison. Two new trainee full time officials, Greg Garner and JP Doyle take up their new posts on September 1, 2008.
Both Greg and JP started their officiating careers in the community game and have made consistent progress over the last five years.
Head of Elite Referee Development (Designate), Ed Morrison said Greg and JP are outstanding prospects and our aim is to have them acting as touch judges in the Guinness Premiership in the 2008/09 season and as referees in the elite domestic game in 2009/10.
Their appointments underline our commitment to providing more full time resource to support the elite game, encouraging young referee talent and potential, and rewarding it at the appropriate time during their development and careers.
Credit must be given to the National Panel coaches and assessors who have worked with Greg and JP over the last few years. They are all volunteers who give up significant amounts of time to assist referee development and its encouraging to see that referees of the appropriate quality are being produced for the elite game.
Steve Leyshon (Panel Development Manager) and Steve Savage (Panel Development Officer) should also be thanked as they have worked very closely with Greg and JP.
Greg Garner and JP Doyle will join Chris White, Dave Pearson, Wayne Barnes, Rob Debney and Andrew Small as full time officials in the Elite Referee Department.
Greg Garner said On behalf of JP and myself were delighted to be offered the opportunity to work with Ed Morrison and the full time referees. Ultimately our goal on the domestic stage is to take charge of a Guinness Premiership match but we both know that we have a lot of work to do before that opportunity presents itself. We will however have excellent support from Ed, Brian Campsall and Tony Spreadbury (Elite Referee Development Managers) and their experience can only benefit us.
JP Doyle, 28, is a teacher by profession who played rugby for Terenure College (School), Terenure College RFC (Rugby Club) and St. Marys College, Twickenham. JP started refereeing in England for the West list in London in January 2003 after starting his career in Leinster two years before.
JP was promoted to the South East Group in 2003 and made the National Panel in 2006. JP refereed a final in the Daily Mail Schools Day in 2007 and the EDF Energy National Trophy Final this year.
Greg, who is 27, started refereeing during his gap year in 1999 at Aquinas College in Perth, Western Australia. He was coaching at the time but they were short of referees and he agreed to take a course. After returning to Nottingham University in 2000, Greg was injured playing rugby and decided to spend more time on his refereeing.
He joined the Warwickshire Society of Referees and after two seasons he joined the National Panel. Since joining the Panel, Greg has been on an exchange trip to South Africa in 2005, taken charge of an Under 18 Six Nations match in Glasgow in 2007 and refereed an Under 20 international in Newport this year between Wales and Scotland.
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Exhibitor Register
Due to the success of The Florida General Merchandise Show, we are currently at our vendor capacity. However, in the near future, we anticipate adding additional showroom space. With the new showroom space, comes new vendors. We are currently accepting new vendor inquiries, which will be reviewed on a first come, first serve basis. Please feel free to leave detailed information about your company, so that we may keep you on our list. Thank you.


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Tag Archives: Dance
Dancing Shoes
I don't water the plants. I just don't. Not out of laziness or principle. It actually doesn't occur to me to do so. I am around the plants. I'm sitting with them. I just don't think to give them a … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Bay Roberts, Bloor Street, Carelessness, City, Clothing, Craigslist, Dance, Gardening, Hakim Optical, Last Minute Presents, Ossington, Plants, Shopping, Toronto 1 Comment
The Impossiblist
Wesley is having a birthday party. At school. Tomorrow. He will be 8 years old on Sunday and they are going to party. They sent home a note to the parents of the kids in his group that a special … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged birthday, Brigus, Children, Dance, Entertaining, Golden Books, Holidays, Home, Popple, Potato Head, Toronto, Zsa Zsa Gabor Leave a comment


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In August of 2015, Texas-born country artist, Granger Smith (accompanied by his alter ego, Earl Dibbles Jr.) signed a record deal with Wheelhouse Records. Just one year later, on September 9, 2016, Granger Smith played for his very first time at the new Joe's Live in Rosemont, Illinois. Granger has been perfecting his live show for several years now and is constantly coming up with groundbreaking ways to break the chains and entertain new fans as well as the ever faithful Yee Yee Nation. There were so many memorable "Yee Yee" moments from this show, but these six times stood out the most.
#1 Throwbacks.
Granger Smith is well aware that Yee Yee Nation has been following him long before his mainstream radio days. Therefore, he made sure to keep giving them what they came for in the first place, as well as keeping his team rooted in their humble beginnings. One of the songs that have been a part of the live show for some time is the Irish jig, "I'm Wearing Black." The crowd mimicked Granger and his band as they jumped around to the peppy tempo on stage and everyone belted the forlorn love lyrics.
#2 Garth Brooks Cover.
As one of Granger's biggest influences, it was appropriate that he covered Garth Brooks' hit "Ain't Goin Down Til The Sun Comes Up" while he danced and goofed around the stage with his band. It was a moment of giggles and reminiscing for the audience.
#3 The Fan Interactions
From the moment he took the stage, Smith flashed the crowd a smile of gratitude that didn't waver. Throughout the show, he seized every opportunity to connect with fans. During the widely popular song, "We Do It In A Field," Granger snapped selfies with as many fans as possible, and once the show was over, he stuck around to sign merch and meet fans from the stage.
#4 Backroad Song.
When an artist has been worthy of a #1 song for about a decade, it's a magical moment when it finally happens. "Backroad Song" is Granger Smith's first number one single, and listening to it sung back by fans new and old, at epic levels, is something that can't be explained. Watch a clip here!
Hey @GrangerSmith does it ever get old hearing your first #1 sung back to you? #CMchat #backroadsong @JoesRosemont pic.twitter.com/hBmegAgDBW
— Tiera Joy ✨ (@TieraBolt) September 10, 2016
#5 His band.
From the banjo, to the guitar players, to the wild man who bangs the double bass drums adorned with "YeeYee," Granger Smith's band is not only musically talented, but they enhance the show with an energetic charisma that entertains and complements Granger's lead.
#6 The Encore.
It's the moment you wait for when the show is seemingly over, the lights go out, and you're craving just a little bit more. You don't need a lighter for this encore, though. Instead, you're going to want to put a good dip in and crack one last cold one, because it's about to get real dang country. Cue Granger Smith's alter ego, Earl Dibbles Jr. Relive the moment via this clip!
If there was an award for best encore, it would go to @EarlDibblesJr (@GrangerSmith) #CMchat #yeeyee 🏆 pic.twitter.com/eymlDFVDBb
— Tiera Joy ✨ (@TieraBolt) September 10, 2016
Is Granger Smith coming out your way? Check out the upcoming tour dates here and let us know what you think of his show.


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Spring Mountain's 2-day SCCA Licensing Recommendation School provides you with the opportunity to obtain your SCCA License in one of our Radical SR3 (C Sport Racer). You'll learn SCCA rules, basic racing techniques, and you'll gain the experience necessary to apply for your SCCA Regional license.
Students must have graduated from one of Spring Mountain's basic driving schools: Ron Fellows Level 1, Radical or other qualifying school. SCCA licensing is not guaranteed.
You can take advantage of our Photograpy Service to Capture the Excitement.


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Frankenstein's original monster and Larry Talbot as the Wolfman are coming out of retirement to go head to head in mortal combat again.
The first time the two powerhouses met, the Wolfman did the Monster in only moments before someone from an angry mob dynamited the fight venue, causing the entire place fall in on their heads. But the two are back to settle matters.
"I only wanna die," Talbot said yesterday during a press con-fur-ence. "I just hope the Monster has it in him to take me down for good. I'm sick of this curse of the werewolf that's upon me."
The Monster had no words. He's still in the process of being rebuilt. Sources said he's getting parts from boxers who perished with the fight still in them, legendary wrestlers from 100 years ago and M4 Sherman tanks that saw action in WWII.
The match-up will take place during the fall at a time and date to be announced soon. Fight organizers are pushing to get Madison Scare Garden to host the bout.


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If you have questions or would like information about CalOptima, please contact us at:
Members with hearing or speech impairments can call our TDD/TTY line at 1-800-735-2929.
The Provider Advisory Committee is comprised of 15 voting members, each seat representing a constituency that works with CalOptima and our members. These include:
One of the 15 positions is a standing seat represented by the Orange County Health Care Agency. Each of the remaining 14 members serve three-year terms with a limit of two consecutive terms.
For more information about the Provider Advisory Committee, please call 1-714-347-5785.
Materials available on this Website in PDF format may require the free Adobe Reader to view. To download Adobe Reader for free from the Adobe Website, click here.
Copyright 2019 CalOptima - All Rights Reserved


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CFTC Final Rule: Provisions Common to Registered Entities
|FINAL RULE: At its July 19, 2011 open meeting, the CFTC approved its final rules regarding provisions common to registered entities. The changes made to "Part 40" as instructed by Dodd-Frank include the implementation of "a new statutory framework for certification and approval procedures for new products, new rules and rule amendments submitted to the Commission by registered entities" as well as a new timeline for "self-certified submissions of new rules and rule amendments (and, notably, does not apply to self-certified new products)."
|Proposal Date
|Final Rule Issue
|Effective/Compliance Date
|November 2, 2010
|July 27, 2011
|September 26, 2011
The CFTC in its final rule requires a 60-day advance notice of any rule changes by systemically important derivatives clearing organizations (SIDCOs) in the case that that rule change affects risk information presented by the SIDCO.
Specific prohibitions:
- "The listing, trading, or clearing of products that involve terrorism, assassination, war, gaming, or an activity that is unlawful under any State or Federal Law."
- "The listing, trading, or clearing of a product involving similar activities and that the Commission determines, in a future rulemaking, to be contrary to the public interest."<ref>Open Meeting on Three Final Rule Proposals and Two Proposed Rules under the Dodd-Frank Act. CFTC. Retrieved on July 19, 2011.</ref>
Related Documents: Fact Sheet, Q&A, and Federal Register Entry[edit]
Background on CFTC Proposed Rule[edit]
On October 26, 2010, the CFTC held its third in the series of open meetings to consider the issuance of proposed rulemakings under the Dodd-Frank Act. One of the agenda items was a proposed rule regarding the the implementation of new statutory provisions common to registered entities ("Part 40 of commission regulations").<ref>Open Meeting on Third Series of Proposed Rules under the Dodd-Frank Act. CFTC. Retrieved on March 3, 2011.</ref>
The proposal appeared in the Federal Register on November 2, 2010.


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European AIS
Here you can find the contact details and websites of AIS/AIM providers and regulators from European states in alphabetical order.
Free of charge access to AIP of EAD PAMS states is available on the European AIS Database public user website - EAD Basic (registration required).
* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.


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Thomasville City Schools are committed to the belief that education is a means by which each individual has the opportunity to reach his or her fullest potential.
We believe that all students have a right to educational experiences that challenge their individual development whether it is below, at, or beyond the level of their age peers.
Special Education
Thomasville City Schools provides Special Education services for students who have met eligibility criteria in accordance with the state of Georgia rules for implementing IDEA and its regulations which ensure:
Gifted Education
The goal of educational services for gifted students in Thomasville City Schools is to provide for:
Section 504
Students who have a disability that significantly impacts learning but does not require special education services may qualify for a 504 Plan.


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The hotel is located 2km from Bauska city centre. 3 banquet halls, 2 equipped meeting / conference rooms, cafe, sauna, steam room, swimming pool.
Guest House "Bērzkalni" offers 34 comfortable rooms, available for 84 persons, and together with additional places – for 102 persons.
It offers free Wi-Fi in public areas. The Berzkalni features a café (34 places). There is a sauna, a fitness centre, a hammam and a swimming pool (open Septemner-May), available upon prior booking and subject to availability. Free private parking is available.
OpenHotel - 24h;
Monday - Thursday: 12:00 - 20:00
Friday - Saturday: 12:00 - 22:00
Sunday: 12:00 - 20:00
€ 15.00 - € 40.00/per person; € 70.00 LUX room;
Breakfast 5.00 € /person
Main course from EUR 4.20
Black Coffee EUR 1.20
Bauska Castle
The oldest part of Bauska Castle – the impressive 15th centuryFortress of the Livonian Order on the peninsula between the junction of the Musa and Memele Rivers was once a safe guard of the order's border.The Newest part of Bauska Castle – residence for the Dukes of Courland was built at the end of the 16th century. Visitors can look the ruins of the Livonian Order Castle and visit the viewing platform in the tower, the exposition on the history of the castle, thematic exhibitions.
The recreation complex "Mikelis" is located in Gailisi parish, on the bank of the Musa River, only 12 km from Bauska. In this picturesque area of Zemgale it is possible to enjoy natural peace and well-being, explore the history by observing of Peasant Farm and the Retro Car Museum and the fine dining at the complex's restaurant. There is new and modern hotel for longer stay in this beautiful place.
Bauska Brewery
Bauska Brewery offers group tours around the production unit and tasting of the products.


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Most of us are familiar with Ugly Indians, those who push and shove in queues, litter and make a spectacle of themselves. But The Ugly Indian you will read about below is of a different kind
Imagine random people, no organization, yet a pre-determined schedule, targets and 'quality control'. Imagine such a setup trying to tackle centuries old problem of India. If it is too hard to imagine, you are most welcome to Bengaluru. Welcome to The Ugly Indian.
It's been six years since the people's initiative called The Ugly Indian got underway. Since then, Bengaluru's residents have sensed a distinct decline in the sight of garbage, or the wafting stench of freshly 'delivered' urine whether on the 80 Feet Road, Koramangala or the flyover near EcoSpace or the Richmond Circle flyover.
What started six years ago is visible in these areas, clean, beautified spaces, decorated with colorful patterns and figures. You could be forgiven for wanting to pinch yourself, even take a selfie just to confirm what you are seeing. But the end result will leave you in no doubt: something beautiful is indeed happening in Bengaluru, and it's a purely people's initiative which has sustained and spread.
The people behind this don't want to be known (how Un-Indian!). They don't want their names out there, they don't have any hierarchy, they operate out of a "common sense problem solving approach". Their website underscores that "We aim to make a change from within - one that sustains because everyone wants it and is comfortable with it."
In a country like India, where there is a severe people - resource mismatch, most of our problems are blamed on the population and the 'system' that is thriving in the country. There is a common perception that problems related to education, cleanliness, health, sanitation, etc can't be tackled easily because of the scale of such issues. The Ugly Indian group is taking a innovative approach towards such mindset.
The website makes no extravagant promises, rather there is an admission: "We are realists, and accept that many of India's problems are hard to solve even if the government and public work closely together and money was freely available."
There is also the hint of a possible solution: "We view the problem of visible filth on our streets as a behavior and attitude problem that can be solved in our lifetime (or rather, this month). This can be achieved without spending money or changing legislation or systems. It requires coming up with smart ideas to change people's rooted cultural behavior and attitudes. And making sure those ideas work."
So far so good. How does it work on the ground? How does one ensure a spot that has been cleaned doesn't get mucked up again?
The key is sustainability. A newly cleaned spot should survive 90 days without any supervision. This requires changes in public behavior. Shop owners, garbage collectors, the authorities involved, in short all the stakeholders of that specific spot need to be identified and brought on board.
In posh Church Street, it took the Ugly Indians weeks to convince 100 odd shops to change their garbage dumping behavior. It has been almost 5 years since that spot was fixed, not a single digression from the expected behavior has been observed.
When the groundwork has been laid, a group of volunteers join together with their equipment and resources to actually clean up and beautify the place. And who are these volunteers? Any Ugly Indian, who feels enough has been said already and now is the time to get the hands dirty. Gloves, brooms, paintbrushes, cleaning chemicals are procured and volunteers come in together to first clean the place systemically. Sometimes, the municipal workers also join in.
Once the cleaning is complete, the volunteers put their artistic cloaks on and set on to beautify the place. Very simple, minimalistic designs and patterns are used, which are aesthetically pleasing and blend with the surroundings. The idea is for the people to realize the aesthetic potential of the place and deter them from creating a mess out of that place again. Flower pots and benches work well in that sense. If there is a danger the flower pots could be stolen or broken, there are lots of cheap pots available that are not worth stealing.
For those curious to know how The Ugly Indians actually work, here's a tip: Join them whether in Bengaluru or in the other cities where people have banded together to clear out the filth and win back their public spaces. In this Swachh Bharat year, let's all be Ugly Indians!
© 2016 Sulabh Swachh Bharat. All Right Reserved


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Our on-site karate center is located on West 52nd Street. We are just steps away from Columbus Circle on the Upper West Side (UWS) in Manhattan. We train Adults, Children, and Families in small groups or private sessions with our unique and world-class karate methodologies.
We provide workshops in self-defense, flexibility, and strength training. Karate City is a non-profit organization that is supporting children in the Foster Care system. We provide them with inspiration, guidance, effective decision-making skills, and mentorship.
We are promoting the civilized Olympic Sport of Karate, which is regulated by the largest international governing body in karate, the World Karate Federation (WKF). The WKF is a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), affirming Karate to Olympic sport status.
We work with foster care agencies to ensure that their children receive the best education possible. We believe that these children in particular need an education that activates their minds and builds confidence. We aim to changing Millions of the lives of children all around the world.
Karate City brings the world the most modern style of learning and teaching karate.
I can say with certainty that Igor Dyachenko sets a new bar for quality in karate training!
Karate City initiative is amazing: the importance of sport for kids cannot be underestimated.
He has helped thousands of kids and adults become the healthiest versions of themselves.
I increased my stamina and discovered new limits I did not know I could achieve.
Igor is a true gentleman and virtuoso of karate. I've been blessed to train with him!
Great place to get in shape. Personalized approach and amazing attention to details.
Karate City teaches kids discipline and how to focus in order to make steady process.
We educate children from 2.5 years of age and onward. We work individually within the group structure, observing the children's learning processes using our proven karate methodology.
Create lasting memories with a Karate City Self Defense Birthday Party. 5 years old and up. We make Karate fun.
What are respectful boundaries? What are the rules? How does decision making affect consequences and rewards? We can help. We can create a healthy life plan with you for your child.
NYC has it obstacles. Learn our practical techniques of self defense while having fun with your friends in our Karate center.
Engage your physical strength, flexibility, and stamina while instinctively recalibrating your mental and emotional health.
In karate we never strike first. NYC is a place where you must stay keenly aware of your environment at all times. Learn how to handle yourself in any situation.
We will guide and teach you how to make healthy choices.
You can be anything that you want to be. You make it happen. We can help you achieve your weight loss goals .
Lead your family into further happiness and unity by training together as a family. Create solidarity, an encouraging atmosphere, and achieve greatness together.
Train together, learn together, and grow together.
We create a personalized private workshop for your family.
Engage your family's physical strength, flexibility, and stamina while instinctively recalibrating mental and emotional health.
In karate we never strike first. NYC is a place where you must stay keenly aware of your environment at all times. Teach your family how to handle any situation.


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The quality of our materials is everything. When it comes to the cotton bags and other eco-friendly and recycled fabric bags that we supply, we want to make our customers happy – really happy. That's why we work so hard to supply only the highest quality wholesale cotton bags and choose only to work with suppliers who live up to those same high standards.
Whether you're after a bag to love or a Bag for Life we think you'll find the answer in our extensive range of cotton, canvas, jute and numerous other environmentally-friendly bags. Whatever the material, we strive for the very best for our customers.
All of our wholesale cotton bags are ethically traded, and we are always looking to minimise environmental impact. For instance:
Cotton is a perfect bag material. All of our plain cotton bags are made from naturally grown, ethically sourced cotton fibres. They're lightweight and can be folded flat. We carry a large stock in various sizes and colours.
Canvas gives more sturdiness and durability than cotton. All of our canvas bags are made from naturally grown, ethically sourced cotton fibres. While more robust, they can still be folded flat. Their repeated reusability makes them a hugely popular choice with retailers and shoppers alike.
Increasingly, many of our customers are asking for organic cotton and canvas bags. They want to be sure of the provenance of the bags they order. We can provide bags made from material certified 100% organic by the supplier mills we work with. A little more money guarantees quality and organic production peace of mind.
If it's toughness you're after, look no further: jute is the material for you. The coarser woven texture of jute makes finely printed detail more difficult to achieve, but what it lacks in finesse it more than makes up for in brute strength!
More and more people are coming to know about juco. It's a fabric which blends the best properties of cotton and jute: a close-enough weave which can handle more intricate printing, but the rugged spinach-eating strength of jute.
As 'Bag for Life' candidates go, NWPP ticks all the boxes. It's a heavy-duty but lightweight fabric which is fully recyclable and water-resistant. It's a type of thermoplastic polymer (that means it can be melted down, recycled and used again). It's just one step away from the bio-based plastics at the best end of the Greenpeace pyramid of plastics.
Another super-eco-friendly option from us. PET bags are made from recycled plastic bottles. As with NWPP, a durable, water-resistant and environmentally-friendly option.
Woven polypropylene, like it's non-woven counterpart, is a heavy-duty but lightweight fabric which is fully recyclable and water-resistant. The woven construction means that this style of fabric is tougher still and also tear-resistant. It's particularly well suited to heavy loads.
We hold a large stock of cotton bags in the UK which can be screen printed or for more complex full colour artwork heat transfer printed.


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Saturday, 5 December 2015
The silly season is nearly here, so grab it by the @*%#s and go for it, have some fun.
12 comments:
- Serenata said...
Fabulous post with lots of glorious colour and fun. Glad you girls got to have what looks like a fantastic day out. I really must try and get down your way next year when I am over visiting my parents.
- 5 December 2015 at 22:27
- Poppy Q said...
I love the post too. Looks like you had a lovely walk around. Give Tex a gentle pat from us.
Julie and Poppy Q
- 6 December 2015 at 00:41
- Jazzy Jack said...
I hope I have such comfy and loving care when I am old!
Lovely post and especially love the angel singing so sweetly :-D
Xo Jazzy Jack
- 6 December 2015 at 12:10
- Leeanne said...
Oh thanks Sue and Sue Two......you gave a me a laugh I needed!
- 6 December 2015 at 13:31
- Beth Waltz said...
A glorious day for a walk about with a friend -- I could hear the birds s/qwacking and smell the roses away over here in the land of cold gray skies.
Your braids made me smile, as did your remark about the bun thingy. I've torn out hair attempting to use "hair-do's made easy" devices!
I, too, have begun a vigil with a much loved elderly feline. Mme. Mephi Wu is snug on her pillow on my desk as I write. She has made her wishes vis a vis vet visits known, so we're opting for home hospice care only. She is securely wrapped in love, as is dear ol' Tex. Give the old fellow an extra snuggle behind the ears for me.
- 6 December 2015 at 16:29
- Julie said...
Enjoyed coming along on your lake walk with you both Sue. Wasnt that amazing that the waitress knew your age !!! Loved the christmas angel you came across in the Rose Gardens. Poor old Tex - bless him & give him a gentle hug from me.
- 6 December 2015 at 16:30
- Goody said...
I'm convinced the world would have all the problems solved quickly if the Sues were in charge. Your Christmas tree is lovely, and guess what? I bought a second wooden angle/propeller/candle thingee (they must have a name?)last summer in Kansas, and it is identical to yours. I have a feeling we'd be comfortable walking through each other's houses as we probably arrange our kitchen cabinets the same too ;)
Your nightie has some very nice trim on it. Don't know if you crocheted it yourself or not, but it is very pretty.
We all get a bit slower in the heat as we age-perhaps Tex is just conserving energy for the cooler weather. I'm certain he knows how much he's loved, and what could possibly be a better thing at the short end of life than to be comforted by those that love you?
- 6 December 2015 at 17:43
- Melanie said...
Academy Awards for you and Sue. Hahaha. Best video I've seen in a long time. Another wonderful post full of nature and fun. I'm glad you made it around the lake and that the toy cars escaped extreme modernization into extinction. Hurrah! Hope you're having a great weekend.
- 6 December 2015 at 18:43
- Angels have Red Hair said...
LOL ... I'm totally expecting to see Sue on the next season of The Voice.
- 6 December 2015 at 23:28
- Mel Baker said...
I love your tree, even if it is leaning. I can't believe how much color and beauty you are surrounded by. Everywhere you go is just gorgeous. Thank you for sharing it with us.
- 7 December 2015 at 17:52
- freckleface said...
Congratulations on the tree, ours is still in the loft. Hopefully tomorrow it goes up. I'm fairly sure you're doing the bun right, looks pretty good to me. Love the decals. I hear it's hot down thereabouts!! Xxx
- 13 December 2015 at 00:59
- Blogger said...
Did you know you can create short links with BCVC and make dollars for every click on your short urls.
- 26 September 2016 at 00:01