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LAUNCH CAR WITH OVER £5000 WORTH OF EXTRA'S, You will not find a higher specification car than this beautiful 1 private owner V40 Cross Country. I will post some more photos when she has been fully prepared but ring quickly to arrange your test drive as there probably isn't another car like this in the country. Part exchange welcome, finance arranged. Now back on its correct 63 Prefix , 3 months warranty, 12 months MOT, Full service history, Excellent bodywork, Black Full leather interior - Excellent Condition, Tyre condition Excellent, Solid Passion Red, 1 owner, ** FREE MOT FOR LIFETIME OWNERSHIP OF THIS CAR **, £7,995 p/x welcome
This car comes with
Rear Park Assist, Winter Pack, LKA (Lane Keeping Aid), Winter Pack, Driver Support Package, Satellite navigation, Leather seats, 16in Geminus Alloy Wheels - 205/60 R16 V Tyres with Locking Wheel Nuts, Anti-Theft Alarm, Volume Sensor and Level Sensor, Bluetooth Handsfree System, Cruise Control, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Radio, ECC (Electronic Climate Control) with Pollen Filter, Front and Rear Auto Open/Close Power Windows, High Performance Audio System - 1x Radio/CD, 5in Colour Display Screen, USB/iPod Input, IDIS (Intelligent Driver Information System), Rain Sensor with Automatic Wiper Function, Start/Stop System, WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System), Autofolding, Power Adjustable and Heated Door Mirrors with Ground Lights, Body Coloured Bumpers, Roof Rails - Silver, 4 x 45W Amplifier, Eight Speakers, DSTC (Dynamic Stability and Traction Control) Including Advanced Stability Control and Torque Vectoring, Dual Chamber SIPS Airbags, IC (Inflatable Curtains), ISOFIX Attachment (Rear Seats), Cruise control, Keyless Ignition & Entry, Active Bi-Xenon headlights, Distance Alert, Collision Avoidance , Digital Display, Lane departure warning
- 201905188094017
- 2013
- 63
- £7,995
- 800
- 97,000
- Cars
- EPmSqCJZ3jI=
Vehicle summary
|Body style
|Engine size
|1560 cc
|Fuel type
|Number of doors
|Number of seats
|Gearbox type
|CO2 emissions
|99 g/km
|Insurance group
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (miles)
|No details available
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (years)
|3 years
|Standard paintwork guarantee
|3 years
Performance & economy
|Fuel consumption (urban)
|67.3 mpg
|Fuel consumption (extra urban)
|80.7 mpg
|Fuel consumption (combined)
|74.3 mpg
|0 - 60 mph
|11.2 seconds
|Top speed
|115 mph
|Engine power
|115 bhp
|Engine torque
|199.15 lbs/ft
|1458 mm
|Height inclusive of roof rails
|No details available
|4370 mm
|2646 mm
|2041 mm
|Width including mirrors
|No details available
|Fuel tank capacity
|52 litres
|Minimum kerb weight
|1404 kg
|Interior features
|Exterior features
|IDIS (Intelligent Driver Information System)
|Autofolding, Power Adjustable and Heated Door Mirrors with Ground Lights
|12V Socket (Front and Rear Tunnel Console)
|Body Coloured Bumpers
|Leather Gear Knob
|Start/Stop System
|T-Tec/Textile Upholstery
|16in Geminus Alloy Wheels - 205/60 R16 V Tyres with Locking Wheel Nuts
|High Performance Audio System - 1x Radio/CD, 5in Colour Display Screen, USB/iPod Input
|Roof Spoiler
|Height and Reach Adjustable Steering Column
|Roof Rails - Silver
|Cruise Control
|Steering Wheel Remote Audio Controls
|DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Radio
|4 x 45W Amplifier
|Bluetooth Handsfree System
|Height Adjustable Driver Seat
|Versatile Split-Folding Rear Seat (60/40)
|Front and Rear Centre Armrest with Storage
|Heated Rear Screen
|Front and Rear Auto Open/Close Power Windows
|Front and Rear Cupholders
|Rain Sensor with Automatic Wiper Function
|Lockable Cooled Glovebox
|Floor Mats
|Leather Steering Wheel with Chrome Trim
|ECC (Electronic Climate Control) with Pollen Filter
|Eight Speakers
|Dual Stage Drivers Airbag
|Dual Stage Passengers Airbag with Cut-off Switch
|ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System) and EBA (Emergency Brake Assist)
|Front and Rear Head Restraints
|Deadlocking System
|Power Assisted Steering
|Key Integrated Remote Control Central Locking Including Fuel Flap
|ISOFIX Attachment (Rear Seats)
|High Level LED Brake Light
|Daytime Running Lights
|Centre Rear Seat Belt
|Anti-Theft Alarm, Volume Sensor and Level Sensor
|WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System)
|Traction Control
|DSTC (Dynamic Stability and Traction Control) Including Advanced Stability Control and Torque Vectoring
|Tyre Sealant Kit and Compressor
|Dual Chamber SIPS Airbags, IC (Inflatable Curtains)
|Knee Airbag (Drivers Side)
Please note
This includes MPG figures which are calculated under European Standards, in test conditions, and will vary under normal driving conditions. The information displayed above describes the typical specification of the most recent model of this vehicle. It is not the exact specification for the actual vehicle being offered for sale which may vary. Specifications for older models may also vary. Please contact us prior to purchase to confirm the exact specification of this vehicle.
Newman & Reidy
Based on 53 customer reviews
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text:
Miami-Dade County
Security detail walks off job at Miami-Dade County Liberty City offices
Imperial Security offered around-the-clock services for a Liberty City building that houses several Miami-Dade County offices. At midnight Wednesday, security officers walked off the job.
On Thursday morning, about a dozen officers took to the streets in front of the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza, a pink, five-story building at Northwest 62nd Street and 25th Avenue, which houses three county departments.
The security officers say they are owed $100,000 in back pay, and some say they have not been paid in two months.
"I want to see my money hit my bank account," said Joseph Handsford, carrying a sign that reads, "Where is our money Mr. Mayor?"
"I have two kids in private school and a wife at home," he said. "I'm struggling."
The county pays $203,000 monthly to BAC Funding Corp. to lease office space for three departments — the corrections and rehabilitation department, information technology, and public works. Day-to-day operations, including security, are handled by PTA Property Management, which is run by long-time Miami developer Otis Pitts Jr.
According to Emmanuel Joseph, owner of Imperial Security, the property management group routinely writes bad checks and pays invoices late. When he inquires, Joseph said he is told they can't pay him on time because the county is late on its rent.
Joseph provided a series of emails to the Miami Herald showing he has sent at least 20 delinquent notices over a two-year period to PTA Property Management for nonpayment.
In an attempt to get his workers paid, Joseph said he has been trying to meet with county officials to implore them to pay their rent on time so that vendors like himself could be paid.
But, a county spokesperson said Miami-Dade is not delinquent on its rent and that the security company's fight is with the building's owner, not the county. The county has no direct responsibilities to vendors on the premises, wrote spokeswoman Suzy Trutie in an email.
"The owner of the building, BAC Funding Corporation, is responsible for providing all services, including paying vendors through its management company," Trutie said in her email.
Pitts of PTA Property Management has developed several buildings in Liberty City. The former cop has a public history of not paying his bills. Last year, the county foreclosed on Edison Plaza, a Liberty City retail complex he built with $13 million in public funds. Pitts neglected to pay his monthly $53,000 mortgage and his annual property taxes.
"The county is paying him, but Otis refuses to pay us," Joseph said. "It's disrespectful and we're not going to take this anymore."
Pitts could not be reached for comment Thursday. A woman who answered the phone at the plaza declined to comment. Pitts' daughter, Otoria Pitts, vice president of operations for PTA Property Management, also declined to comment.
Earlier in the day, before the protest began, Joseph said Otoria Pitts handed him four checks totaling nearly $76,000 to settle most of the debt owed to his company. When he drove to the nearest Wells Fargo bank, he said a teller told him not to bother trying to deposit the checks.
"There was no money on their account to cover the bad checks they wrote. They were worthless," Joseph said.
Shortly after a Miami Herald reporter contacted her, Otoria Pitts emailed Joseph, he claims. He said she promised to FedEx a check Friday to his North Miami-Dade office.
Joseph replied, "I can assume that it won't be able to be processed like the four previous ones you issued me this morning."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Additional Agents and Miscellaneous Therapies
These drugs in general, and clonazepam in particular, were among the first used and reported on (in 1979) for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS).1 However, their ability to specifically alleviate RLS symptoms is controversial. At one time, they were commonly recommended for the treatment of RLS, but most RLS experts use these drugs primarily as supplementary therapy to treat the insomnia associated with RLS,2 although some patients may respond to monotherapy. The early reports of success in RLS with benzodiazepines did not use validated instruments and may have depended largely on the alleviation of sleep-related or bedtime complaints. In the modern era with more sophisticated controlled designs and validated assessments, there have been no studies with benzodiazepines and few with newer sedative-hypnotics.
The majority of studies are open label and may have been contaminated by the placebo effect, which is common to RLS treatment trials using subjective measures.3 This placebo effect may account for much of the relief of any daytime symptoms attributed to the benzodiazepines. Even in the placebo-controlled trials, the marked improve-ment of disruptive sleep patterns due to the use of these drugs and resultant increased daytime well-being may decrease the perception of bothersome daytime RLS symptoms.
Another concern about the use of sedative-hypnotics (especially with their daytime use or with the bedtime use of long-acting ones that may carry over into the next day) is that they have a potential for worsening daytime RLS symptoms4 if they induce sedation. One study found that intravenous administration of diphenhydramine 25 mg or lorazepam 0.5 mg to 12 RLS patients who were adequately treated with dopamine agonists caused both similar and severe exacerbations of their otherwise controlled RLS symptoms.4 Further, they can increase the risk of accidents, including falls in the elderly and errors during activities that require vigilance, such as driving.
However, the real goal of physicians is to make patients feel better. If these drugs accomplish this goal for RLS sufferers, they should be considered, especially when other drugs have not been helpful. Furthermore, a significant group of RLS sufferers state that the sedative-hypnotic drugs relieve their symptoms.
It is not uncommon for long-time RLS sufferers to have continued insomnia even after their symptoms have been resolved by treatment. After years of not sleeping well, they typically develop a "conditioned insomnia."The use of sedative-hypnotic drugs may be invaluable to break this poor sleep cycle. These drugs can markedly decrease awakenings and stage 1 sleep that occur from periodic limb movements (PLMS) and are so common in RLS sufferers, which may be another benefit from their use
However, when choosing a sedative-hypnotic, it is generally best to select one that has a quick onset to promote sleep initiation and a relatively short half-life to prevent daytime sleepiness or drowsiness that in turn may promote increased daytime RLS symptoms. For chronic daily use, the nonbenzo-diazepines are greatly preferred due to their decreased side effect profile and markedly decreased risks of tolerance and dependence. Much of the selection depends on clinical judgment, because there is little specific evidence to support use of the agents in RLS.
The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) task force recommendation for the use of sedative-hypnotics is that clonazepam should be considered as probably effective for improving symptoms in primary RLS when given at 1 mg before bedtime but also probably as ineffective when given at four doses throughout the day. However, any of the benzodiazepines that are approved for sleep and all of the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics can be used for their approved indication to aid sleep, which is often necessary for the RLS population.
TABLE 1 Benzodiazepines (Hypnotics and Sedatives)
|Individual Dose
|Approved as Hyponotic
|Half-life (hr)
|Range (mg)
|for Sleep
|6 to 12
|0.25 to 1
|30 to 40
|0.5 to 2
|7.5 to 30
|7 to 48
|2 to 25
|24 to 100
|2 to 10
|10 to 24
|0.5 to 2
|47 to 100
|15 to 30
|10 to 20
|0.5 to 2
|10 to 30
|39 to 73
|7.5 to 30
|9.5 to 12.5
|7.5 to 30
|1.5 to 5.5
|0.125 to 0.5
This group comprises several drugs that share similarities and are marketed either as a hypnotic for inducing sleep or to treat anxiety. Despite being approved and marketed only as a sedative, some of these drugs may be suitable for use as a hypnotic. The discussion below will review the literature on the use of these medications for treating RLS.
Clonazepam was used, beginning in 1979, to treat RLS. It was probably introduced into RLS because of the association with PLMS, then usually termed nocturnal myoclonus: at that time, clonazepam was one of the mainstays of general myoclonus treatment. The first reports were just small cases series.1,5 The first double-blind crossover trial of clonazepam was a comparative trial against vibration in six subjects.6 Clonazepam, but not vibration, was more effective than placebo and was also well tolerated with significant adverse effects.6 However, the next study, also a placebo-controlled double blind crossover study, did not find clonazepam to be more effective than placebo.7 As a result of these mixed results, the EFNS recommendation for clonazepam was that it is probably effective for RLS when given at 1 mg before bedtime but was probably ineffective when given at 4 doses throughout the day.8
Clonazepam is a readily available and inexpensive drug and as such has a particular physician following for treating RLS. As noted earlier, it clearly resolves the insomnia associated with RLS and improves well-being in people who were suffering before treatment.
The concern with this drug is that it has a 30- to 40-hour half-life, which may easily result in next-day sedation, especially when taken for several nights consecutively. Some studies have suggested that this adverse effect may not be clinically significant for many patients, including the elderly.9 This daytime sedation is often not apparent to the patient, especially compared with their previous RLS-induced, sleep-deprived state. As other shorter-acting sedative-hypnotics have been shown to be effective for RLS (see later), there are alternatives that may be safer and also inexpensive. Tolerance and dependence are real risks with benzodiazepines, although this may not be a universal finding.9
An open-label study examined alprazolam at 0.5 mg to 1 mg at bedtime given to 10 subjects with RLS.10 Eight of 10 patients were said to improve on alprazolam. One patient stated that taking 0.5 mg of the drug before going to the theater would provide her with relief throughout the entire evening. Alprazolam, although not approved as a hypnotic, can still be a reasonable choice for that purpose. Its onset is rapid and has a short to medium-duration half-life of 6 to 12 hours that at lower doses may avoid daytime sedation. Similar to other benzodiazepines, tolerance and dependence may occur with chronic daily use.
There is one report of triazolam 0.25 mg taken at bedtime helping one patient with RLS for 6 months.11 This patient stopped the drug and experienced recurrence of her symptoms within 48 hours. There are also several articles demonstrating the benefits of triazolam12-14 for PLM. These studies demonstrated improvements in sleep architecture by increasing total sleep time, decreasing the number of awakenings and arousals, decreasing stage 1 sleep, while increasing stage 2 sleep and increasing sleep efficiency. Additionally, daytime sleepiness was diminished. Although the number of PLM was not decreased, there was a major decline in the number of arousals and awaken-ings from the PLM. Triazolam has a very quick onset of action and a very short half-life of 1.5 to 5.5 hours that limits next-day drowsiness. However, use of this drug has been associated with a significant degree of retrograde amnesia and rebound insomnia, which limit enthusiasm for its use.
No studies have yet evaluated this drug for RLS. However, one study has shown the efficacy of temazepam for PLS.15 Improvements in sleep similar to those noted above for triazolam were also observed with temazepam. This drug has an onset after 45 to 60 minutes with a half-life of about 9 to 12 hours. No studies have yet been done in RLS.
Most sleep specialists prefer using this class of drugs for treating insomnia. They have short half-lives and a limited degree of dependence or tolerance. Of course, these drugs are not for everyone as they do have their own side effect profile. There is only one study on RLS with zolpidem that is discussed below. However, any of these drugs may be beneficial to help RLS patients fall asleep whether or not the insomnia is due to RLS symptoms.
This drug was studied for RLS in one open-label prospective trial on eight subjects who were unresponsive or could not tolerate L-dopa and benzodiazepines.16 All patients were reported to have complete relief of their RLS symptoms within an average of 4 days of starting zolpidem at 10 mg that lasted 12 to 30 months with no relapses or side effects. Two patients stopped their medication after 1 year of treatment and had their symptoms return, then go away again with re-institution of zolpidem. Zolpidem has a very quick onset of action and a short half-life of 2.5 hours, which ensures that most patients will not experience daytime sleepiness. It has been associated with abnormal sleep-related behaviors such as sleep walking, talking, or sleep-related eating disorders17 but otherwise has been well tolerated. There is a controlled-release version of this drug that increases the half-life and releases some of the drug immediately, while the rest is released later in the sleep period to help main-tain sleep.
Other Sedative-Hypnotic Agents
None of the other nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic has been studied for activity and tolerability in RLS. For those who have problems with sleep maintenance or obtaining sufficient sleep time, eszopiclone with its longer half-life of 6 hours may be more appropriate than zolpidem. On the other hand, those who feel the residual sedation in the morning may benefit from the shorter half-life (1 hour) of zaleplon. Due to its very short half-life, patients can take zaleplon for their middle of the night awakenings and not wake up sleepy a few hours later. Ramelteon is very different from all the other hypnotic drugs discussed earlier. It does not act on the GABA receptors that help promote sleep but rather on the melatonin receptors. This drug, which has relatively few side effects, is indicated for sleep-onset insomnia, because its effects on improving sleep maintenance are much less pronounced.18 It has not yet been determined how well this drug works in comparison with the more traditional hypnotic drugs for both insomnia and RLS.
Other Oral Medications
These other drugs do not fit it into the four major categories of drugs that are commonly used to treat RLS. In addition, there is very little literature or experience to support the use of these other drugs. However, in cases where the standard drugs have not been effective or cannot be tolerated, these drugs may be considered.
This drug, which stimulates a-adrenoceptors in the brainstem, is approved in the United States for treating hypertension and was first used for RLS in 1985.19 Several other reports have described the use of clonidine for treating primary RLS20-22 with one 2-week double-blind trial.23 This double-blind study started their subjects on 0.1 mg of clonidine twice daily (2 hours before symptoms generally occur and again at bedtime) and then titrated by 0.1 mg every 1 to 2 days until symptoms were relieved or a maximum of 1 mg/day. Clonidine was found to be effective in relieving the leg sensations and morning drowsiness. Sleep latency was decreased (likely due to the sedative effects of the drug); however, sleep time, sleep efficiency, the number of PLMS, and arousals or awakenings were not improved. Side effects include dry mouth, decreased cognition and libido, lightheadedness, sleepiness, and headache.
Due to the lack of general experience with this drug, it might be dosed according to the double-blind study.23 Clonidine may be a reasonable therapy for people with RLS who also have hypertension. In addition, for those who are intolerant of this drug by the oral route, some may benefit from the newer transdermal patch, which avoids the gastroin-testinal system and may produce more steady serum drug levels. The EFNS has indicated that clonidine is probably effective (class B) at reducing symptoms and sleep latency in primary RLS in the short term.8
Amantadine is approved in the United States for use in Parkinson's disease, for the prophylaxis of influenza A, and for drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. The exact mechanism of action of this drug for Parkinson's disease or RLS is unknown but may involve increasing the synthesis or release of dopamine or decreasing presynaptic reuptake of dopamine. After oral administration, amantadine reaches peak plasma concentration in about 3 hours, has a half-life of about 17 hours, and is excreted unchanged though the kidneys. Only one study has examined the use of amantadine for treating RLS.24 This open-label trial treated 21 patients with amantadine, often as an add-on medication, starting at 100 mg/day, increasing to a maximum of 300 mg/day until symptoms were relieved or intolerable side effects were experienced. Eleven of the patients responded to the drug at a mean dose of 227 mg/day with 6 complete responders. The most common side effects were drowsiness, fatigue, and insomnia (similar to dopaminergic medications) and only 2 subjects stopped the drug due to these side effects. This drug may provide dopaminergic enhance-ment for subjects who cannot tolerate agonists or levodopa.
Other Oral Agents Mentioned in the Literature
β-Blockers: Propranolol
In 1967, one investigator reviewed 40 cases of RLS found in 600 of his Parkinson's disease patients. Based on his experience, he commented that 5 to 10 mg of the b-blocker propranolol taken at dinner and if needed before bedtime worked well for RLS both therapeutically and prophylactically.25 Two other cases reports also reported efficacy in RLS.26,27 Other experience is lacking, but b-blockers have also been used for treatment of akathisia, which can resemble RLS.28
Vitamin B12 and folate were reported to benefit RLS in a few uncontrolled open case series.29-31 Fifteen patients with RLS and other neurological disorders in an open-label trial responded to folic acid at doses of 1.25 to 30 mg/day.31 Because folic acid deficiency has been noted in pregnant women with RLS,32 it may be important to be sure such patients receive folic acid supplements.
Two reports of case series found that vitamin E could benefit RLS.33,34 However, there are no recent studies to support this vitamin's use.
Iron treatment is a potentially important treatment for RLS and is discussed earlier. The other mineral studied for RLS, magnesium, was reported to be effective in one open-label study,35 even though the subjects were not all magnesium deficient.
Other Routes for Treatment, Surgical, and Additional Approaches to Restless Legs Syndrome
Transdermal Treatment
As discussed earlier, two agonists have been formulated in patches—rotigotine, a nonergot agonist,36 and lisuride, an ergot derivative—that may not have same risk of fibrotic complications as other ergot-derived agonists.37 Clonidine is also available in a transdermal formulation38 as are some opioids, such as fentanyl.39 The advantages of this formulation is that it both avoids the oral route and generally delivers a fairly constant drug over a period of a day or more. The major disadvantage—cutaneous skin reactions40—is a relatively unique adverse event. Although it can be fairly common in RLS treatment, it is not usu-ally a reason for discontinuing treatment in therapeutic trials.36 Other dopaminergic side effects tend to be comparable with those of oral agonist with transdermal agonist treatment.36
Subcutaneous Injection
The mixed dopamine and opioid agonist apomorphine has been reported beneficial in pilot studies of RLS.41-43 The advantages of this system include its usefulness when oral input is not possible and its rapid onset of action; its disadvantage is its brief duration of action, requiring frequent repeated injections. An oral formulation may be developed.
Intramuscular Injection
Iron is available for intramuscular injection but has not been used for RLS. Various opioids can also be injected. Botulinum toxin type A, which is derived from the exotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum type A, is approved in the United States for use in the treatment of cervical dystonia in adults, severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis, strabismus, and blepharospasm associated with dystonia and for cosmetic treatment of wrinkles. In one study performed on this drug for RLS, it was given intramuscularly to three patients who were ineligible for oral therapy.44 Injections were given at the sites of their RLS symptoms and improvement was noted within a few days. The duration of this effect appeared to be about 12 weeks when patients would get reinjected and continue to respond to this therapy. No adverse effects were noted with treatment. This unique treat-ment of RLS clearly needs further investigation before being recommended. In fact, there are some anecdotal cases of exacerbating RLS with this treatment.
Epidural and Intrathecal Delivery
There is one report of an emergent treatment of severe, intractable RLS "status"with epidural delivery of morphine45 and two cases treated with intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine.46 These routes may offer additional complications, such as meningitis, local infection, or hemorrhage, but have the advantages in delivering much smaller doses that can be better tolerated because they are more exactly targeted. Implanted pumps can deliver regular doses. They may be explored in the future for severe cases, particularly those which have developed intractable augmentation on dopaminergics.
Nerve, Spinal Cord, and Deep Brain Stimulation
One case report found that RLS resolved after vagal nerve stimulation,47 an approved treat-ment for epilepsy,48 but also for pain,49 which may be more relevant to RLS. Anecdotal reports have suggested that spinal cord stimulation may benefit RLS, but there are no published reports on this. After an initial report of improve-ment of RLS with an ablative pallidotomy,50 there have been a number of reports of changes in RLS with deep brain stimulation. These have not been consistent. RLS was improved by pallidal stimulation51 and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation52 in reports of patients with comorbid movement disorders and RLS. In one study, Parkinson's disease patients after STN stimulator implantation had an emergence of RLS symptoms,53 but this may have been due to reduced dopaminergic medication. RLS has been associated with essential tremor,54 but thalamic stimulation (VIM) for essential tremor has been reported not to benefit comorbid RLS symptoms.55
Other Surgical Approaches
There was one initial report on sclerotherapy as benefiting almost all treated RLS patients with varicose veins,56 although repeated treatments were sometimes required and benefit was transient for some. However, that report did not provide clear diagnostic criteria for RLS and a later study suggested that RLS symptoms may not be common in varicose veins,57 raising questions whether the varicose vein subjects in the sclerotherapy trial did have RLS.
Other surgical approaches have been used to alleviate underlying disorders that could cause secondary RLS—such as kidney transportation for renal failure—and not for idiopathic RLS.
1. Matthews WB. Treatment of restless legs syndrome with clonazepam. Br Med J 1979;1:751.
2. Silber MH, Ehrenberg BL, Allen RP, et al. An algorithm for the management of restless legs syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:916-922.
3. Fulda S, Wetter TC. Where dopamine meets opioids: A meta-analysis of the placebo effect in RLS treatment studies. Brain 2008;131:902-917.
4. Allen RP, Lesage S, Earley CJ. Anti-histamines and benzodiazepines exacerbate daytime restless legs syndrome symptoms [abstract]. Sleep 2005;28:A279.
5. Boghen D. Successful treatment of restless legs with clonazepam. Ann Neurol 1981;8:341.
6. Montagna P, de Bianchi LS, Zucconi M, et al. Clonazepam and vibration in restless leg syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;69:428-430.
7. Boghen D, Lamothe L, Elie R, et al. The treatment of the restless legs syndrome with clonazepam: A prospective controlled study. Can J Neurol Sci 1986;13:245-247.
8. Vignatelli L, Billiard M, Clarenbach P, et al. EFNS guidelines on management of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in sleep. Eur J Neurol 2006;13:1049-1065.
9. Schenck CH, Halfaker BA, Mahowald MW. Sustained benefit and low risk of major adverse effects during long-term nightly benzodiazepine and/or opiate treatment of injurious parasomnias, restless legs/periodic limb movement disorder and insomnia in 121 adult patients. Sleep Res 1994;24:81.
10. Scharf MB, Brown L, Hirschowitz J. Possible efficacy of alprazolam in restless leg syndrome. Hillside J Clin Psychiatry 1986;8:214-223.
11. Tollefson G, Erdman C. Triazolam in the restless legs syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985;5:361-362.
12. Doghramji K, Browman CP, Gaddy JR, Walsh JK. Triazolam diminishes daytime sleepiness and sleep fragmentation in patients with periodic leg movements. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;11:284-290.
13. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. The use of triazolam in older patients with periodic leg movements, fragmented sleep, and daytime sleepiness. J Gerontol 1990; 45:M139-144.
14. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Chronic use of triazolam in patients with periodic leg movements, fragmented sleep and daytime sleepiness. Aging (Milano) 1991; 3:313-324.
15. Mitler MM, Browman CP, Menh SJ, et al. Nocturnal myoclonus: Treatment efficacy of clonazepam and temazepam. Sleep 1986;9:385-392.
16. Bezerra ML, Martinez JV. Zolpidem in restless legs syndrome. Eur Neurol 2002;48:180-181.
17. Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH. Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Med 2002;3:323-327.
18. Borja NL, Daniel KL. Ramelteon for the treatment of insomnia. Clin Ther 2006;28:1540-1555.
19. Handwerker JV, Palmer RF. Clonidine in the treatment of restless legs syndrome. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1228-1229.
20. Bastani B, Westervelt FB. Effectiveness of clonidine in alleviating the symptoms of "restless legs"[letter]. Am J Kidney Dis 1987;10:326.
21. Cavatorta F, Vagge R, Solari P, et al. Risultati preliminari con clonidina nella sindrome delle gambe senza riposo in due pazienti uremici emodializzati. Min Urol Nefrol 1987;39:93.
22. Zoe A, Wagner ML, Walters AS. High-dose clonidine in a case of restless legs syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28:878-881.
23. Wagner ML, Walters AS, Coleman RG, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clonidine in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 1996; 19:52-58.
24. Evidente VG, Adler CH, Caviness JN, et al. Amantadine is beneficial in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2000;15:324-327.
25. Strang RR. The symptom of restless legs. Med J Aust 1967;1:1211-1213.
26. Ginsberg HN. Propranolol in the treatment of restless legs syndrome induced by imipramine withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:938.
27. O'SullivanRL,GreenbergDB.H2antagonists,restless leg syndrome, and movement disorders. Psychosomatics 1993;34:530-532.
28. Sachdev P. Akathisia and Restless Legs. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
29. Botez MI. Folate deficiency and neurological disorders in adults. Med Hypotheses 1976;2:135-140.
30. Botez MI, Fontaine F, Botez T, et al. Folate-responsive neurological and mental disorders: Report of 16 cases. Eur Neurol 1977;15:230-246.
31. Botez MI, Lambert B. Folate deficiency and restless-legs syndrome in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1977;297:670.
32. Lee KA, Zaffke ME, Baratte-Beebe K. Restless legs syndrome and sleep disturbance during pregnancy: The role of folate and iron. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2001;10:335-341.
33. Ayres S Jr, Mihan R. Leg cramps (systremma) and "restless legs'' syndrome. Response to vitamin E (tocopherol). Calif Med 1969;111:87-91.
34. Ayres S, Mihan R. Nocturnal leg cramps (systremma): A progress report on response to vitamin E. South Med J 1974;67:1308-1312.
35. Hornyak M, Voderholzer U, Hohagen F, et al. Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: An open pilot study. Sleep 1998;21:501-505.
36. Oertel WH, Benes H, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Efficacy of rotigotine transdermal system in severe rest
less legs syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-week dose-finding trial in Europe. Sleep Med 2008;9:228-239.
37. Benes H. Transdermal lisuride: short-term efficacy and tolerability study in patients with severe restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2006;7:31-35.
38. Prisant LM, Bottini B, DiPiro JT, Carr AA. Novel drug-delivery systems for hypertension. Am J Med 1992; 93:45S-55S.
39. Skaer TL. Transdermal opioids for cancer pain. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006;4:24.
40. Musel AL, Warshaw EM. Cutaneous reactions to transdermal therapeutic systems. Dermatitis 2006; 17:109-122.
41. Haba-Rubio J, Staner L, Cornette F, et al. Acute low single dose of apomorphine reduces periodic limb movements but has no significant effect on sleep arousals: A preliminary report. Neurophysiol Clin 2003; 33:180-184.
42. Tings T, Stiens G, Paulus W, et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome with subcutaneous apomorphine in a patient with short bowel syndrome. J Neurol 2005; 252:361-363.
43. Tribl GG, Sycha T, Kotzailias N, et al. Apomorphine in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: An exploratory study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:181-185.
44. Rotenberg JS, Canard K, Difazio M. Successful treatment of recalcitrant restless legs syndrome with botulinum toxin type-A. J Clin Sleep Med 2006; 2:275-278.
45. Vahedi H, Kuchle M, Trenkwalder C, et al. [Peridural morphine administration in restless legs status (published erratum appears in Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1994;29:521)]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1994;29:368-370.
46. Jakobsson B, Ruuth K. Successful treatment of rest-less legs syndrome with an implanted pump for intrathecal drug delivery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:114-117.
47. Merkl A, Brakemeier EL, Danker-Hopfe H, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation improves restless legs syndrome
associated with major depression: A case report. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:635-636.
48. Groves DA, Brown VJ. Vagal nerve stimulation: A review of its applications and potential mechanisms that mediate its clinical effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2005;29:493-500.
49. Multon S, Schoenen J. Pain control by vagus nerve stimulation: From animal to man … and back. Acta Neurol Belg 2005;105:62-67.
50. Rye DB, DeLong MR. Amelioration of sensory limb discomfort of restless legs syndrome by pallidotomy [letter]. Ann Neurol 1999;46:800-801.
51. Okun MS, Fernandez HH, Foote KD. Deep brain stimulation of the GPi treats restless legs syndrome associated with dystonia. Mov Disord 2005;20:500-501.
52. Driver-Dunckley E, Evidente VG, Adler CH, et al. Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease patients may improve with subthalamic stimulation. Mov Disord 2006;21:1287-1289.
53. Kedia S, Moro E, Tagliati M, et al. Emergence of restless legs syndrome during subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson disease. Neurology 2004;63:2410-2412.
54. Ondo WG, Lai D. Association between restless legs syndrome and essential tremor. Mov Disord 2006; 21:515-518.
55. Ondo W. VIM deep brain stimulation does not improve pre-existing restless legs syndrome in patients with essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006;12:113-114.
56. Kanter AH. The effect of sclerotherapy on restless legs syndrome. Dermatol Surg 1995;21:328-332.
57. Bradbury A, Evans C, Allan P, et al. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey. BMJ 1999;318:353-356.


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Happy Tuesday everyone! Welcome to a brand new Sparkle Creations Rubber Stamps challenge!
As Sparkle is sponsoring Tuesday Morning Sketches today, we thought it would be a great idea to use their sketch as today's new SCRS challenge. So we'd like you to follow this wonderful sketch by Theresa Winslow this week:
I used CUPCAKE RUBY for my make today (all Ruby stamps are currently on sale at 15% off!) and paired her with some more of the yummy MME Lime Twist 'Life of the Party' 6x6 paper:
Here is a close up of Ruby (if you click on the pic it will enlarge even more, although don't look too closely otherwise you will spot a couple of colouring errors, LOL!):
Do you like the crinkle seam binding that I've added? This is the first time I've used seam binding and I LOVE IT!!! I have used the Aquarelle colour and this is just one of the 27 colours of seam binding that Emma has added to the Sew Sweet Store. You can choose to order your seam binding flat or pre-crinkled - mine was flat and I crinkled it myself, plus I frayed the ends a little! I added a lovely pink button from the 50g Summer mixed button bag and finished it with some Green Apple Divine Twine.
Sparkle Creations challenge is open to all players. Each week a random winner will be chosen, and they will receive a SCRS rubber stamp. [In order to qualify for a prize, you must use a Sparkle Creations image on your creation.]
Do pop along to the rest of the SCRS DT's blogs to take a peek at their awesome challenge creations:
Tanya Johnson {June Guest Designer}
Alice Wertz
Kim Yu
Shaela Odd
Simonne Clay (me!)
Sparkle Smith
Stephanie Kraft
Alice Wertz
Kim Yu
Shaela Odd
Simonne Clay (me!)
Sparkle Smith
Stephanie Kraft
Thanks for dropping by! Hope you have a fab Tuesday!


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It's 2016 and You're Still Not Blogging?!
Let's be fair – for most, the idea of sitting down and writing something evokes unpleasant memories of schools days gone by, when homework was either completed or teachers sent notes home to the parents.
Here are a few reasons you should be blogging already, as well as a few reasons why you should try to start blogging as soon as humanely possible.
Blogging can bring more people to your website.
If you are a business owner and you are reading this, but you do not have a website for your business, stop reading this immediately and go set up a website.
Unless you personally live under a rock and offer some sort of 'live under a rock' insurance plan, your business needs a website. It's 2016 and people can search for businesses on a web browser from their cell phones while driving, even though they shouldn't. If you do not have a website for your business, anyone who is searching for local service providers or stores will not know that you exist, putting your business at a severe disadvantage.
For those who are not offering 'under the rock' protection plans, or 'I live under a rock' awning sets, or whatever, your business website probably does not receive as many visitors as you would like. Yes, people may find your website when searching for your specific business in your specific location, but what else would they find?
Adding a blog can get people to actually visit your site. That leads to the next point, actually…
Fun Fact!
The more traffic your website gets, the better its SEO (search-engine optimization) will be. If you're disinterested in technical jargon, SEO is a simple formula: better SEO = higher on the google search.
Studies show that most people are only going to look at the first page of a google search. Is your business on the first page? Even if it's #1, are you willing to risk being knocked from your perch?
A blog with unique content can attract people to visit your website, which boosts traffic numbers, which boosts your google search results, which boosts traffic numbers… it's a cycle that ends up with you getting more clients and more business.
The process will also give your business a little something extra…
Personality, impersonally
Those who fail to take the human element into account are often left behind. If you write a blog, people who read it will start to associate the content of that blog with your business and the people who work for your business.
Ivy league business schools spend whole semesters talking about 'brands' – brands being businesses that transcend simple transactions and begin to have a personality in and of themselves. Coke, Nike, Hugo Boss – these are companies that stand for more than just the products they sell. Rolex watches are more than just a timepiece – its a statement.
Believe it or not, having a competently written blog that is interesting and engaging to those who might read it establishes something of a brand for your business. You are no longer some guy who does vinyl siding: you're the guy who does vinyl siding who has a very funny story about some nightmare job you did three years ago. You're no longer the woman who cuts hair: you're the woman who cuts hair while giving beauty tips to clients so they can always look their best.
Done correctly, an integrated business blog can give your clients and customers a personality to associate with your company. Great care and effort must be taken to ensure your blog is actually worth reading, but adding interesting stories to a blog makes your business interesting to anyone who reads that blog.
So, there you have it. If you haven't been blogging up to this point, you do indeed have some homework to do.
Take solace in the distinctions between these writing assignments and the ones you did as a child, though. You no longer have to complete assignments in the vague hopes of plaudits from the illusory authority of some educator; this time, your report card is worth far more than a few letter grades.
With just a few blogs here and there, you can earn some tangible results: more money. Perhaps you don't need to be half-mad to start writing, after all?


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A Comprehensive Service Provided to Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease
The primary goal of Cardiac Rehabilitation is to enable the participant to achieve his/her optimal physical, psychological, and social functioning through exercise training and lifestyle change.
Cardiac Rehabilitation is a service that includes:
Those who benefit from Cardiac Rehabilitation include those with a history of:
Click on the links below for more information about:
Cardiac Rehabilitation | Heart Failure | Peripheral Arterial Disease | Exercise and Physical Activity | Lowering Cholesterol | Controlling Blood Pressure | Weight Loss/Control | Healthy Eating Habits | Managing Stress and Depression | Smoking Cessation | Diabetes Management/Prevention | Other Valuable Resources
Cardiac Rehabilitation Resources
"Mended Hearts is a nationwide, community-based program offering the gift of hope to heart patients and their families through a unique peer visiting program in 460 hospitals and cardiac care facilities. For 60 years, Mended Hearts trained visitors have drawn on their personal experience as they educate, reassure and inspire others. Ongoing support is offered for both patients and caregivers through regular meetings at 300 chapters and satellites and through phone and online visits.
May 2012 - AACVPR partnered with Life Systems International (LSI) Inc on an educational documentary produced by the Discovery Channel's Profile Series. This documentary spotlights the preventive medicine of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Specifically, the overwhelmingly positive outcomes for patients and the equally surprising underutilization of this healthcare service throughout the USA. The video also highlights that use of this service seems to be less utilized by women. AACVPR is highlighted as the key industry participant for guidelines and best practices. LSI is highlighted as an industry leader in technology and innovation. Click Here to watch the documentary.
Heart Failure
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is atherosclerosis or clogging of the arteries outside of the heart. This includes the arteries leading to your legs, kidneys, brain, arms, stomach and aorta. People with coronary artery disease are at higher risk of developing peripheral arterial disease, and vice versa. Just like atherosclerosis of your heart arteries, PAD can be treated with medicines, lifestyle changes including exercise, and, if needed, surgical procedures. Look below for more information about PAD and lifestyle changes to prevent/manage PAD.
Exercise and Physical Activity
Lowering Cholesterol
Controlling Blood Pressure
Weight Loss/Control
Healthy Eating Habits
Managing Stress and Depression
Smoking Cessation
Diabetes Management/Prevention
Other Valuable Resources
The link above will direct you to WomenHeartTV. Here you will find videos that provide information on women's heart health.
Third-Party-Submitted Resources
American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR)
330 N. Wabash Avenue | Suite 2000 | Chicago, IL 60611
Phone: 312/321-5146 | Fax: 312/673-6924 | Email: email@example.com
Contact AACVPR | Privacy Statement | Site Map
Copyright © 2019 American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation


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What is "organic"?
We all have our own ideas about what it means to be organic. In food speak, the term "organic" actually refers to the way agricultural products are grown or raised and processed. In the US, specific requirements—which are set and regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – must be met and maintained by manufacturers in order for products to be labeled "organic."Read more


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Once finished I realized that my new tank top that I am officially in love with is see thru after I get good and sweaty, and since I get good and sweaty walking into the gym this could be a problem.
I finished up my workout with a short row and a long steam. I felt pretty good when I finished this workout and was pleased with my run over all.
Work was pretty busy but we did have time to go to lunch and celebrate BossLady's birthday. I ate a small breakfast and planned out my lunch food in advance so I didn't destroy my diet at a Chili's fest! The majority of the lunch conversation was about a co-workers breakfast that made her go into a food depression when she realized her breakfast had 760 calories.....we shouldn't have laughed but it was soooooo funny.
After work we had the last ballgame of the season and it just so happened that the game was earlier than normal so I was able to get a swim in, a really really long swim and still get home before 10pm.
This was the test for my new Lifeproof phone case. I used it to count my laps. I wanted to swim for about an hour since I had more time than usual but didn't want to have to keep track of my laps the whole time.
The phone was a success...and I managed 50 laps in the pool!!! It was an amazing swim; I couldn't have asked for a better one. I could have asked that the girl in the lane next to me wear a bathing suit that was larger than a thong but that is just getting picky.
Friday: This morning started off with Pump. I am still using my heavier weights but it is not getting easier yet. I have high hopes! I really want to be able to use the big plates for the whole class but I'm still pretty far away from that goal, but that's why you have a goal right?
Anyway, after Pump I had a solo workout so instead of doing my circuit I thought I would get on the stair stepper and see how far I could go. I set the goal of 50 floors and when I got to 50 I knew I could do more so I cranked it up and tried for 75. Victory! After lots and lots of sweat I hit the magic number! I almost clapped for myself (btw: I actually did clap for myself the other day in the dressing room. I skipped a pants size, that required clapping!) but I held it in.
I finished up with a short trip on the elliptical and another long steam! I put that in there every single day because it is important, every. single. day!!!!
Work today was ugh! Nothing bad happened and there was nothing really bad but I just didn't want to be there. I was incredibly productive cause I just put my head down and worked and tried not to look at the clock until it was quitting time. I did eat well today except for the Baked Cheeto snack that I hopefully burned off during my last workout.
I had a good workout planned for this evening. I had a 15 mile Brick planned and ti was a good one. I did 13 miles on the bike with lots of hills and then a 2 mile run right after that I was averaging about a 12 minute mile. For me that is fast...and applause again!
This was one of the last really long training sessions I will do before the big race because the big race is 24 days away!!!!! I cannot believe how excited I am about this race. I have been working so hard at this for so many weeks and months that I'm just ready for it to be time. I think I am ready today!
So now that we are all caught up I have to rest these bones so I can do it all again tomorrow. The plan tomorrow is the same as Tuesday swim and run but surely I can find something else to fill in the 4 hours between getting off work and going to sleep! Surely...


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The annual Castlerock Christmas Lights Switch-on ceremony is set to take place this week.
Kicking off on Thursday, December 8 from 7pm, Santa is set to switch on the Christmas tree lights with help from special guest Justice Minister Claire Sugden MLA.
There will also be music on stage as well as entertainment from Ballyhackett and Hezlett schoolchildren.
The young children from 1st Castlerock Scout Group and Castlerock Community will take part in a festive lantern parade through the village to the tree.
You can also expect a selection of seasonal food, mulled wines and tea, coffee and hot drinks.
After the lights have been switched on, the whole community will be invited to follow Santa to his magical grotto where there will be gifts for all the children.


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Mesa Kids Cooking School cooks up confidence.
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A 19-year-old man is charged with raping a 4-year-old. According to St. Louis County court records, the child tested positive for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
James M. Davis, of East St. Louis, is charged with statutory rape in the first degree. The abuse allegedly occurred between October 31st, 2009 and January 14th, 2010 in an apartment in St. Louis County. Police said they began an investigation last fall.
Social workers, who work with abuse victims, say it's not that uncommon for children to test positive for an STD. Margie Batek, a lead social worker at Children's Hospital, said slightly less than half of the abuse cases evaluated for sexual abuse involve sexually transmitted diseases.
"Even in those children where we don't have the results back, if they've been exposed and there's a possibility that they may have contracted a sexually transmitted disease, usually, prophylaxis is given to ensure they don't develop that disease," said Batek.


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So you've written a book...
anyone but you ever see it? And how will you know if anyone besides
your mother would think it was any good? If you've written and
re-written, spell-checked, and read it aloud, it's time to take the next
step. At YourBestBookForward, I offer three levels of writer services:Professional Manuscript (MS) CritiqueManuscript (MS) EditingCreative Consulting
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edits. She is one of those special people who embody the phrase: Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well." - Douglas W. Farnell, author of The Snow Leopard and the Ibex


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Title: Support Afrikan-Centered Education, Support Bakari Institute
Time Frame: 1 Month
Plan of Action: Contribute supplies, volunteer hours and financial support towards Barkari's goal of providing educational services for children, youth and adults that facilitate an a clear Afrikan identity and commitment to serve the Afrikan community first.
Purpose of Action: Support Afrikan (Black) owned community and educational centers and the idea of educational experiences that meet our needs and our cultural context.
The Bakari Institute is an Afrikan-centered, family ran, non-profit cultural arts organization that uses art as a medium to promote positive activity among economically-disadvantaged youth and their families. Bakari also offers youth access to homework and mentors.
The Institute recently began rehabbing a new facility. The facility will feature a hair salon, music studio, dance studio, Afrikan clothing store, technology center, rehearsal room for musicians, art room, outdoor educational area, a sewing room, garden and a full kitchen.
Youth will not be trained to HELP with the rehabbing of this historic building, but they will trained to EARN A LIVING in the cultural arts that will be taught at the new Bakari Institute. Many youth are already performing locally and regionally with Bakari's dance troupe and drum ensemble.
The Bakari Institute is one the last genuine Afrikan-centered organizations in St. Louis. They serve youth in communities where no one else seems to be interested in supporting and uplifting our youth.


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Many people don't know this, but in addition to being a Poly Features coordinator, I am also the staff coordinator and Maître d' of Terra Café. Terra is a student-run volunteer restaurant with a focus on sustainable, local, and organic food. The café currently meets every Wednesday from 11:30 am to 1:30 pm on the fifth floor of EMPAC, though we used to meet on the top floor of Russell Sage Dining Hall. I have been with Terra since partway through my first semester of freshman year. I started as a waiter, like almost everyone else, and since then have handled parts of every position but one in Terra Café's hierarchy. Needless to say, I've grown to be one of the most present members of the staff.
I suppose a bit of a history of my time at Terra can't hurt. My freshman year, we had very few regular volunteers, but we would get about 120–200 people every week. I was the only absolutely regular waiter, though the staff coordinator at the time was also there every day. A couple times during freshman year, I ended up helping out on days when we had only two people in the kitchen and two people on the floor with our normal customer base, which meant I would handle at least half of the customers. Looking back, the worst day among those would probably be the day with two reserved tables that the staff coordinator had to deal with, leaving me with 16 tables of my own (essentially the entire floor). Nowadays, the staff coordinator is a lot less likely to be a waiter on any particular day.
During my second semester of freshman year, I offered to take over as staff coordinator. The previous staff coordinator was still around, and we had a reasonable volunteer base. We ended up doing pretty well, and I continued on as staff coordinator during my first semester of sophomore year. That semester, we got a significant volunteer base, some of whom have stayed with us to the present day. The biggest change during this time was that we realized that it was not practical for the waiters to be serving the beverages themselves, so we established a table from which the customers could serve themselves drinks. While this was the considered by some of the older staff to be a bad idea, without that change, Terra would probably not have existed for as long.
My second semester of sophomore year, I became vice president of Terra and kitchen coordinator. I realized, however, that some aspects of the waiting system still needed to change. Mainly, we stopped using the old circus tickets to record orders. This did mean, however, that we had to flatten prices so that both the vegetarian option became $7, the same as the meat option. Of course there were negative responses to that, but we kept going and it worked quite well (and I didn't get any more complaints about the cleanliness problem that the tickets had).
In terms of this year, especially after having person upon person come up to myself or Sam Brown '15, Terra Café's president, I'd like to personally apologize to anyone that is against the move to EMPAC. Honestly, I feel that Terra Café and its customers should have more of a choice in whether or not we move there, especially if we cannot guarantee on either part—ours or Sodexo's—that it will work smoothly. It's not in any sense purely anyone's fault that it didn't work well last week; there were problems all around. Anyways, the basic reason that we are in EMPAC is that Sodexo at RPI gets pressure from EMPAC management and Sodexo higher-ups to have us move (although those higher-ups haven't directly seen Terra). In past years, we've been given an option, but this year we were not. It's not our decision. We really cannot do much about it. I hope you continue to come to Terra and I would hope that any student could have an experience as fulfilling as mine with the Café.


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Dietitians love food and our curiosity to understand the science behind it drives us. Like all regulated health professionals, we undergo comprehensive and rigorous training, both on the job and in universities. You can find us working everywhere, including in health care, the food industry, education, business, government, and many other places.
We collaborate with our patients, clients, industry and government leaders, and communities to deliver reliable, life-changing advice.
Find out more here about dietitians and the difference between a dietitian and a nutritionist.
Food Portions Toolkit
My Menu Planner
Quick and Easy Meal Ideas
Making homemade soup costs less, and is healthier and tastier than most soups you buy.
Vote for your favourite recipe from our Easy Home Cooking Contest.
Start off your day with a great breakfast with these delicious breakfast ideas.
Bringing your lunch from home is a smart way to save money. Try these dinner leftovers and no-cook lunches.
Try these veggie, dip, fruit and whole grain healthy snack ideas to keep you energized throughout the day.
Diabetes Menu Plan for Prevention and Management
What is a Dietitian?
Picky Eaters: Commonly Asked Questions


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Student riding bike to school hit by car in NW Harris County
A middle-school student was rushed to the hospital Tuesday morning after he was hit by a car while he was riding his bicycle to campus in northwest Harris County.
The incident happened about 7 a.m. on Spring Barker at Barker Cypress, according to the Harris County Sheriff's Office.
The boy is in the 7th grade at Goodson Middle School, said Nicole Ray, a spokeswoman for Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District. Ray said the student was rushed to Cy-Fair hospital after he was hit. His possible injuries and condition were not released.
Deputies are investigating the incident.
It's the second time in as many days a student on the way to school has been hit by a vehicle.
About 6:30 a.m. Monday, a teenager was rushed to the hospital after a sports utility vehicle hit her as she was possibly crossing the street near her high school in north Harris County.
That incident happened on Spears near Gears not far from Davis Senior High School, said Mike Keeney, spokesman for the Aldine Independent School District.
Keeney said the girl was flown by LifeFlight medical helicopter to Memorial Hermann-The Texas Medical Center. Her possible injuries and condition were not released.
The SUV driver stopped. It was not known if any citations have been issued in the case.


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UWGBirders Great Wisconsin Birdathon, May 15, 2013
UWGBirders Team. Pictured from L to R: Stephanie B. (me), Erin G., Nick W., and Lindsey B.
On May 15, 2013 the UWGBirders Birdathon team competed in our first ever Great Wisconsin Birdathon/Bandathon! The rules of the Birdathon are quite simple, find as many birds as you can in one 24-hour period. In addition, the team's Birdathon must take place on one date in the month of May, as chosen by the team, and it must take place within Wisconsin's state lines. As part of the event, supporters of the team can make donations in the team's name and all donations go to Wisconsin projects which aide bird conservation (more information is available on the Great Wisconsin Birdathon website).
Our team was comprised of UWGB graduate students (Nick, Lindsey, and I), and staff of the UWGB Cofrin Center for Biodiversity (Erin and Josh). Our goals were to bird band in the morning and capture over 50 birds and to continue birding throughout the day and reach over 100 bird species observed. We originally planned on going out on Friday, May 10. However, rain and high winds prevented us from being able to open our nets for banding. We had already selected a rain date of Wednesday, May 15, though so the date was set. Friday came and went without much news of spectacular bird sightings and our team was relieved. The birds were not here yet and a big day was in the near future. Tuesday morning came, and I awoke, not to birdsong, but to the chiming sound of text message alerts. The messages: WARBLERS ARE HERE! I ran out the door and went birding obviously, ticking off some 74 bird species at the Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary, including 22 kinds of warblers, and I found even more birds along the Bayshore. Conditions were perfect and there was no question we would surpass our goal of 100 bird species on Wednesday. We aimed slightly higher: we could get 120 at least.
The day started at 4:15 AM. Some birdathon teams start even earlier, but our team didn't have lofty goals to stay out for the full 24 hours. The birds had already risen and were in full chorus at the time Nick and I drove to our bird banding site at 5:15 AM. For background information: our regular bird banding operation takes place at Point au Sable Natural Area, a peninsula of protected habitat that juts out into the southeastern edge of the bay of Green Bay. At 5:30 AM, we had already checked off several birds while driving, like Northern Cardinal, American Robin, House Sparrow, and a Bald Eagle perched near the roadside. As we stepped out of our cars, we were greeted by the songs of Baltimore Oriole, Tennessee Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, and American Redstart. We had to walk out to the banding area which is a about a half mile walk and kept getting stopped by bird sightings. On our walk, we were treated with a single Brown Thrasher and one Blue-winged Warbler, which we would not find again later in the day. Our banding operation finally began slightly after 6:00 AM, about a half hour after sunrise. We opened 6 mist nets which were stretched along a path which winds around mixed woodland and shrubby areas near the coastline of Point Sable. After the nets were open for a half-hour, Nick and I went to check to see if we had captured any birds. We struck out on capturing any birds, so we dawdled and birded on the way back, spotting new birds left and right. Wood Thrush in full song, Indigo Bunting, Eastern Kingbird, Black-and-white Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, and one of our highlight birds: a Red-headed Woodpecker, a striking woodpecker with specific habitat requirements, and which unfortunately, is facing serious decline in this state. They can be hard to find in the Green Bay area so we felt like we lucked out. Meanwhile, Erin was waiting back at the banding station with the first capture of the day: a stunning male Canada Warbler.
Canada Warbler, male
We were all very impressed with the Canada's beautiful necklace. How could you not be? We banded him and released him, ready for more warblers. We were not disappointed. The next net-runs yielded Northern Waterthrush, a thrush-like Warbler, and several Yellow Warblers. A steady flow of birds ended up in our nets and peaked around 8-9AM. The theme of the day at the banding station was WARBLERS! We continued to check off warblers that we were seeing although they were not in our nets. Blackburnian, Black-throated Green, and Black-throated Blue Warblers were all heard. We never observed a Wilson's Warbler that day in the field, but one surprised us by landing in our nets.
Wilson's Warbler
We determined this Wilson's to be a female, since the black cap on her head was not as extensive as it is in the male. After Yellow Warbler, the second-most common Warbler was Magnolia. And what a beautiful bird! We had caught Magnolias in the fall too, but it was nice to see them in their full glorious spring plumage.
Magnolia Warbler
After Yellow Warblers and Magnolia Warblers, our other common warblers caught were Black-and-white and Palm Warbler.
Palm Warbler
In addition to warblers, we caught several Catbirds, Cowbirds, and Robins. We also caught a bird similar in size to a warbler, but not related, a Least Flycatcher. The Least Flycatcher belongs to a family of flycatchers called Empidonax flycatchers, a group which is so difficult to identify, you often are not able to identify one in the hand without taking various measurements and comparing them to values stated in the Pyle guide, the massive and thorough bird bander's manual. Luckily, our team was up to the task.
Least Flycatcher
Bird activity began to slow dramatically as it always does as it approaches the noon-hour. Net-runs only yielded 1 or 2 birds instead of a dozen. We birded some more and checked off Sora (a type of rail), Solitary Sandpiper, three species of Terns (Forster's, Common, and Caspian), and another surprise: a pair of Merlins who were fiercely hunting our beloved songbirds in flight. The Merlin is a small species of falcon, and it is rather uncommonly seen compared to the other more common birds of prey in the area. I checked the nets to make sure the Merlins weren't targeting any birds we were catching. There were only a few net runs left at that time though and we didn't have many birds. The last net run yielded one Magnolia Warbler and one lovely male Blackpoll Warbler. Both were banded and released, and we packed it up shortly after 12:30 PM. In total, we banded 39 birds (including 11 species of warblers) at Point Sable and we had checked off 94 species on our list of birds observed. We needed to make it over 100! On to search for more birds!
After a brief pit-stop at the UW – Green Bay campus, we were on our way to Bayshore County Park to search for ducks out on the bay. We knew we would pick up Long-tailed Ducks, which had been seen the day prior, but we also found Red-breasted Merganser, Double-crested Cormorant, and Eastern Meadowlark. The sheer abundance of birds on the bay wasn't great, as many waterfowl have already made their way further north, but we had finally made it past 100!!
Setting up the spotting scopes to scope out the bay at Bayshore County Park
The afternoon was wearing on, but we knew we could pick up more species at the Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary. It was around 3:00 PM when we finally arrived and it was getting to be that time in the afternoon where I could really use a nap. The birds thought so too, as activity was getting pretty low. There were still species to be seen though. We easily picked up Carolina Wren, something of a rarity in Northeastern Wisconsin, but a regular resident of Bay Beach. We also added Bay-breasted Warbler, Gray-cheeked Thrush, Wood Duck, and Cedar Waxwing. We soon met up with birdathon team member Josh, who helped us by adding Belted Kingfisher and Eastern Bluebird. Some possibly semi-exhausted birdathoners pondered over a strange bird call heard at Bay Beach (was it a Cuckoo???), but then we all remembered that the wildlife sanctuary was home to many caged rehab animals which could not return to the wild, including a vocal pair of Ravens which were on display for education purposes.
Bay-breasted Warbler
Heading from Bay Beach at 5:00 PM, it was a short trip to the mouth of the Fox River, where we knew we would find one of the pair of nesting Peregrine Falcons using a nestbox atop the Pulliam Power Plant. We were there for a few minutes and then back on the road to Sensiba State Wildlife Area. Stealthy birdathon team member Erin and birdathon helper Aaron spotted a Clay-colored Sparrow while driving and all but caused a small traffic jam along narrow Resort Road, just north of Sensiba. Nick's spotting scope was soon set up on a muddy agricultural field and we all got awesome glimpses of a flock of shorebirds which included Short-billed Dowitcher, Least Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, and Killdeer. We were over 120 birds! We jaunted over to Sensiba where we were guaranteed Yellow-headed Blackbird, Marsh Wren, and Virginia Rail. When we got there were also surprised by American Bitterns making their odd-sounding, deep "gunk-a-lunk" vocalization. Plus, we finally got our first Great Egret, a bird which should have been easy to find but had been eluding us all day. 129. Where to next? We didn't have a plan but we were so close to 130 birds. I suggested the reforestation camp, since we were in the neighborhood and Nick promised us views of a nesting Broad-winged Hawk and potentially Winter Wren and Brown Creeper. We piled out of our vehicles at the reforestation camp and listened. The pine forest was almost silent except for a few abrupt calls from resident peacock and swans in the neighboring zoo. We couldn't count those birds. All of a sudden though, something whizzed past my face. After not spotting a new bird in awhile, I immediately perked up and shouted, "HUMMINGBIRD!" We quickly added the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, along with Broad-winged Hawk, and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 131. We were adding birds to our list more slowly now, but the night wasn't over yet.
7:00 PM. We all knew I soon had to join fellow UWGB grad student, Tom, to conduct an evening survey of amphibians as part of a large EPA-funded survey of the Great Lakes Coastal wetlands. The first stop of the amphibian survey was along the Cat Island Chain Restoration Project. We could all go out to the Cat Island Chain since we had permission as we were all staff of UW – Green Bay. Plus, we could fully anticipate adding new shorebirds as well as Black-crowned Night Heron. I asked if others wanted to join, fully expecting team members to drop off due to exhaustion. It was quiet but no one outright said no, so it looked like we were all in. We quickly stopped for a fast food dinner and then headed for Cat Island as the sun began to set. Tom led the way and helped point out Tundra Swan, Green-winged Teal, Ruddy Turnstone, and Dunlin. By then we were losing daylight fast but we were in a location where hundreds of birds congregate to roost for the night. The spotting scope was set on a group of black specks in the bay which were determined to be Black Terns for species number 139. It was 9:00 PM and darkness had settled. The group split up to drive home, content with our birdathon efforts. Then a text message appeared on my phone, the group had heard an American Woodcock for 140.
Possibly feigned excitement over Tree Swallows and Red-winged Blackbirds at the UWGB Arboretum
Between 5:00 AM and 9:00 PM on May 15, 2013, the UWGBirders team checked off 140 bird species! It's a definite possibility we could have seen and heard more birds that day, but we were pretty proud nonetheless. Our team also helped raise over $500 for bird conservation in Wisconsin!! Oh yeah and we can always try for 150 next year. Bird on!
Thanks again to our team's helpers: Mia, Hans, Aaron, Tom and Dr. Kevin Fermanich. Thank you to Drs. Bob Howe and Amy Wolf and the Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, University of Wisconsin – Green Bay. And huge thanks to all our supporters and those who donated!


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Top Ten Fears – And Killing them Dead in 3 Easy Steps
Fear /fir/ Noun: The unpleasant experience of threat, danger or concern there may be immanent harm.
Boo! Scared you? We surely hope not. Yet everyone is afraid, now and again. It's part of being human. And some of us are more afraid of different things than others. We polled the office very unscientifically and came up with our own top ten.
What do you think? Are we close to yours?
- Snakes and Other Creepy Crawlies – They've plagued us since the beginning, and they top the list of American fears in a recent Gallup poll. Bugs, especially spiders, and vermin that bite or live in filth are universally disliked, and often feared beyond their actual ability to do us harm.
- Public Speaking (and other social phobias with people) – While some folks take their energy from a room of new people, others wither. Public speaking, in particular, means standing up and standing out, separating ourselves out and having the spotlight shine on us. That's hard for most everyone. For many of our team, it sat atop the list. In a recent Gallup poll, it came in second in a list of top American fears.
- Isolation (and other social phobias without people involving loneliness, abandonment, othering, and rejection) – It's a difficult fear, because we all want to fit in. It feels as if our very survival can depend on it, and sometimes it really can. Advertisers sell us products based on these very insecurities, and newscasters play to these fears as well.
- Death – It's a transition that's scary. No matter what we believe, we all know that death involves a significant change, and an ending of a life on earth. Our culture is very death averse. We sanitize it away, until the only time we see it is in echoes, at Halloween. Even for those who do not hold to the pervasive materialistic viewpoint, the process of death and dying can be difficult and painful.
- Aging – This may be simply a mix of fears – such as fear of death, pain, disease, lack, loss of control, and isolation – all rolled in one. Growing old sometimes – not always – bring such challenges. It also brings a beauty and wisdom all its own. To everything there is a season.
- Spaces – Open Spaces (Agoraphobia), Closed Spaces (Claustrophobia, e.g., elevators), High Places, Airplanes (Aviophobia), Cars, Bridges, and so on.
- Weather (e.g., thunder and lightning, earthquake). Some folks experience paralyzing fear of such "Acts of God."
- Animals (Dogs, Horses, etc.) – There are many people who have an extreme fear of dogs. Others fear horses, or cats, especially black cats. Sometimes, but not always, the fear is based on life experience: "once bitten, twice shy."
- Pain – Whether experienced as physical pain, mental suffering, disappointment, injections at the doctor's office, or even the pain of hunger, the fear of pain looms large. The imagined potential for pain may be why between 10 and 20% of Americans say they avoid the dentist.
- Contagion – the fear of disease (and doctors, and medical offices) is so common it's probably instinctive. Disease can bring on other things we fear, such as painful injections and treatment, social stigma and isolation, and even, ultimately death itself.
Halloween gives us a chance to playfully act out our fears, engaging with them in a safe way where nobody gets hurt. We do the same thing when we indulge in roller coaster rides, visit the "haunted mansion" or watch dystopian, apocalyptic, or horror films. When we work out our fears, together, we bond with each other. Perhaps that's part of what's happening with groups of Americans who panic about distant and unlikely pandemics. They may simply be saying to each other, "Do you feel fear right now? So do I!" And that's not an entirely bad or unhealthy thing to do, sometimes.
Okay, we've named ten fears. Now, let's disarm them in three "easy" steps.
- Step 1 – Get Educated – Starting with Knowing Ourselves. Looking at our fears, that is, examining the specific thing we fear, can help us understand ourselves better. For example, if I experience fear of public speaking, I could ask myself what underlies that fear? Is it fear of ridicule and rejection? Of disappointment in ourselves or the reaction of others? Or is it fear of shining? Gaining greater knowledge can disarm your fear. For example, knowing the risks are very low can reduce panic. Some things, like public speaking, improve with practice. Visit our vocal tips page for tips that will help you stand strong.
- Step 2 – Trust on God's Goodness. As much as we can grow to know the nature of God as loving, as the "Our Father" who loves us as we are and is still not finished with us, we can remember that, although we're unable to fully understand, we can trust we're never alone, never rejected, never abandoned, and death has lost its sting. It's hard, sometimes, to remember that we're beloved children of God, when the world gives us such intensely different messages. Yet, as much as we can look to God rather than humans for acceptance, we can let go of the fear of ridicule or rejection. And, as much as we allow the Holy Spirit to flow through us, we needn't be afraid to let it shine… after all, it's all to the glory of God.
- Step 3 – Walk In Loving Kindness. We're social animals, and at our roots we understand that when we live in kinship with each other and the earth, we're well and whole. The more we practice acts and thoughts of loving kindness, the closer we are to God, and the more distant we grow, from our own fears. The Bible says it perfectly: There is no fear in love, but perfect love casteth out fear (1 John 4:18).
What are WebDefs?
WebDefs – simple definitions of key terms relating to ministry and healing arts – are a regular feature of NHM Ministrants. Offered (where applicable) in conjunction with select key scriptural passages and analysis, WebDefs can be a useful starting place for exploring a topic of interest. See our other WebDefs entries.