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Basic virus dynamics models have been essential in understanding quantitative issues of HIV replication. However, several parts of the viral life cycle remain elusive. One of the most critical steps is the start of viral transcription, which is governed by the regulatory protein trans‐activator of transcription (Tat) that induces a positive feedback loop. It has been shown that this feedback loop can alternate between two states leading to a transient activation of viral transcription. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we integrate the transactivation circuit into a new virus dynamics model having an age‐dependent transactivation rate and reversion into latency. The cycling of infected cells between an activated and latent state results in the typical decelerating decay of virus load following therapy. Further, we hypothesize that the activation of latently infected cells is governed by the basal transcription rate of the integrated provirus rather than the intra‐ or extracellular environment. Finally, our systems approach to modeling virus dynamics offers a promising framework to infer the extracellular dynamics of cell populations from their intracellular reaction networks.
Visual Overview
The viral reservoir of latently infected cells is considered to be one of the major barriers for eradicating the virus from patients infected with HIV. During prolonged antiretroviral therapy, it has been shown that the pool of latently infected cells decays very slowly and at a decreasing rate. The underlying mechanisms causing this decelerating decay are still unclear (Lassen et al, 2004a, 2004b; Han et al, 2007). A recent study has shown that HIV can exhibit a switch‐like behavior where infected cells can either be activated or become resting in a latent state (Weinberger et al, 2005). To investigate the effect of this switch‐like behavior on the viral infection dynamics, we devise a new model that links the intracellular transactivation of the virus with the extracellular virus dynamics (Box 1). The model can explain the typical decelerating decay of HIV that is observed during antiretroviral therapy. We find that the activation of latently infected cells is governed by the basal transcription rate of the inserted provirus. Therefore, our analysis suggests that increasing the basal transcription rate of the HIV provirus could serve as a new therapeutic intervention for eradicating the pool of latently infected cells. In addition, our systems approach to modeling virus dynamics offers a promising framework for inferring the extracellular dynamics of cell populations from their intracellular reaction networks.
Linking the intracellular transactivation circuit of HIV into a virus dynamics model can account for activation of infected cells and reversion into latency.
We hypothesize that the activation of latently infected cells is governed by the basal transcription rate of the integrated provirus rather than through extracellular stimuli.
This systems approach to modelling virus dynamics offers a promising framework to infer the extracellular dynamics of cell populations from their intracellular reaction networks.
Within‐host virus dynamics has traditionally been investigated with mathematical models that describe events happening between different compartments on the extracellular level, i.e., the interaction between cells and virus particles. These models have given important insight into the dynamics of virus infections within a host (Nowak and May, 2000; Perelson, 2002). However, critical parts of the viral life cycle remain elusive. Specifically, it has been difficult to understand how the intracellular kinetics of virus replication can influence the extracellular virus dynamics.
In HIV, the protein trans‐activator of transcription (Tat) has been found to have a major role within an infected cell, where it induces viral transcription through a positive feedback loop (Karn, 1999). It was shown in experiments that the infected cells alternate between a highly transactivated and a resting or latent state, depending on the intracellular concentration of the protein Tat (Box 1). Stochastic computer simulations of the intracellular circuit that were used to analyze the process of transactivation were found to agree with the experimental results (Weinberger et al, 2005). These findings were intriguing and it was hypothesized that the transactivation circuit could be a critical determinant of viral latency.
Box 1 Schematic representation of the intracellular transactivation during the HIV replication life cycle
Box 1 Top left: In a newly infected cell, the viral RNA is transcribed into a linear DNA provirus (orange) that is imported into the nucleus. Before integration at a semi‐random position into the host DNA, pre‐integration transcripts can be produced. Top right: Viral transcripts are then translated into the regulatory protein trans‐activator of transcription (Tat) (blue) that gets re‐imported into the nucleus where it induces a positive feedback loop through the elevation of the proviral transcription rate (thick red arrow). Subsequently, the cell becomes transactivated and can produce a sufficient amount of viral proteins that can give rise to new viral particles that are budding of the cell membrane. Bottom right: The positive feedback loop in transactivated cells can interrupt and infected cells revert into a latent state. These cells are now subject to a low basal transcription rate (thin red arrow) that can eventually re‐activate the latently infected cells. Bottom left: The fate of a single cell can be determined through Monte Carlo simulations of the intracellular transactivation circuit. Repeating many simulation runs for single cells results in a distribution for the occurrence of each transition from which the corresponding rates can be determined. The rates for transactivation after infection (s), reversion into latency (r) and reactivation of latently infected cells (α) can then be applied in a mathematical model of virus dynamics which is depicted schematically. It should be noted that through all stages of infection, the cells can be subjected to cell death.
The viral reservoir of latently infected cells is considered to be one of the major barriers for eradicating HIV from an infected patient (Lassen et al, 2004a; Han et al, 2007). In patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the pool of latently infected cells decays very slowly, and at a decreasing rate (Finzi et al, 1999; Siliciano et al, 2003; Strain et al, 2003). Also, low‐level viremia can persist over years (Palmer et al, 2008). Mathematical studies have investigated the dynamics of latently infected cells in HIV but could not decipher the mechanism of activation and reversion (Muller et al, 2002; Kim and Perelson, 2006; Sedaghat et al, 2008). The majority of the pool of latently infected cells consists of resting CD4+ T cells (Chun et al, 1997). As HIV mainly replicates in activated CD4+ T cells, it is generally believed that latently infected cells need to be activated by extracellular stimuli to provide the right environment for viral transcription. Antigenic stimulation has been suggested as a mechanism at which latently infected cells can become activated (Gunthard et al, 2000) and the availability of cellular transcription factors, the chromatin structure and CpG methylation are believed to have an effect on viral transcription (Lassen et al, 2004a; Blazkova et al, 2009). On the other hand, different forms of viral transcripts have been found in resting CD4+ T cells, highlighting that latency is not due to a complete transcriptional block but is due to an insufficient amount of transcripts and regulatory proteins, such as Tat (Lassen et al, 2004b). Together with the findings on the intracellular transactivation circuit, this observation suggests that viral transcripts and Tat could slowly accumulate to induce the positive feedback loop which itself activates the infected cell and subsequently leads to viral replication.
We apply the intracellular model of HIV transactivation as presented in Weinberger et al (2005) to understand the processes of viral activation and reversion into latency. In a systems approach to modeling virus dynamics, we derive the transition rates of these processes and infer the dynamics of a heterogeneous population of infected cells. We find that a single process, the basal transcription rate of the HIV provirus, can govern the activation from viral latency. This highlights that the activation of latently infected cells in HIV might be dictated, at least in part, by intrinsic viral factors rather than through extracellular stimuli.
Dynamics of transactivation and reversion into latency
We investigate a modified version of the computational model presented in Weinberger et al (2005) to derive stochastic simulations for the transactivation and reversion of HIV‐infected cells (see Materials and methods). First, we strictly simulate only the intracellular transactivation circuit, i.e., do not take into account processes such as infected cell death or viral replication. Time plots of representative simulations show the individual behavior of single cells infected with HIV (Figure 1A). Concomitantly with the increase of the regulatory protein Tat, the concentration of the other viral proteins breaches a threshold where we assume that the cell is able to generate new viral particles. An infected cell can be transactivated for a long time period (e.g., black lines), whereas other cells quickly revert back into a latent state (e.g., blue lines).
Patients infected with HIV harbor, in the order of millions or more, infected CD4+ T cells that are either in an activated or a resting (latent) state (Chun et al, 1997). The turnover of the total infected cell population within a patient will be influenced by the stochastic fluctuations in single cells. To investigate the dynamics that arises from a large number of infected cells, we carried out many simulations of single cells to derive the probability distribution of transactivation (Figure 1B, red line). A small amount of pre‐integration transcripts, mRNAn (Wu, 2004), is sufficient for the early transactivation of an infected cell during the first 24 h after integration of the provirus. As a cascade of stochastic processes rules the event of transactivation, it is not surprising that the probability distribution approximates a log‐normal distribution. We can also derive the probability distribution of reversion into latency, i.e., the probability at which an activated cell that is producing viral particles will revert into a latent state (Figure 1C, red line). Finally, latently infected cells can get reactivated (Figure 1D, red line).
Once we know the probability distribution of a transition into another state, we can derive the age‐dependent rate at which it occurs (see Materials and methods). As expected, we find that infected cells have a high probability of being transactivated early after infection. The age‐dependent transactivation rate peaks a few hours after infection and decreases afterwards (Figure 1B, blue line). Once an infected cell is activated, it can revert into a latent state. This age‐dependent reversion rate, i.e., the reversion rate that depends on the age of the activated cell, reaches a constant value after an initial delay (Figure 1C, blue line). The delay is caused through the threshold that we set in order to discriminate between activated and latent cells. Overall, the rate at which the feedback loop is interrupted seems to be independent of the time the cell has spent in an activated state. Latently infected cells can get reactivated and we also find a constant rate of transactivation that does not depend on the age of the latent cell (Figure 1D, blue line). In our simulations, the process of transactivation in latently infected cells is indeed governed by a single process. The rate‐limiting step of the transactivation circuit is given by the basal transcription rate of the long terminal repeat (LTR) that determines the rate at which latent cells become activated virus‐producing cells. To test whether this behavior holds for an extended range of basal transcription rates, we run stochastic simulations with different basal transcription rates and obtain a linear relation between kb and the activation rate of latently infected cells, α (see Supplementary Figure S1). This highlights that the basal transcription rate determines the activation of latently infected cells, even if the rates are widely distributed.
An age‐dependent transactivation model predicts biphasic viral load decline during antiretroviral therapy
After deriving the transition rates between the different states of an infected cell, we can test whether the turnover between activated and latent cells can account for the characteristic virus load decline after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (Perelson et al, 1997). Hence, we integrate the cycling between activated and latent cells into a full virus dynamics model that includes viral replication, infection and cell death. As observed in Figure 1B, the transactivation of HIV‐infected cells early after infection follows an age‐dependent rate where the age, a, is given as the time that has passed since infection of the cell. In a virus dynamics model based on partial differential equations (PDEs) (Kirschner and Webb, 1996; Nelson et al, 2004; Althaus et al, 2009), this can be integrated as follows:
where I(a,t) is defined as the time‐density of infected cells of age a before they are transactivated with rate s(a) and produce viral particles. We assume that activated cells A are subject to a constant reversion rate r and die at a rate δ per day that is independent of the age of the cell (Althaus et al, 2009). Latently infected cells, L, are generated through reversion of activated cells and can either become activated with rate α or die with rate μ. The boundary condition of the infected cells (i.e., the infection of cells) is simply given by I(0,t). The dynamics of free virus particles can be described by the conventional dV/dt=pA−cV.
Using the transition rates that we derived from the transactivation circuit (Figure 1B, C and D, blue lines), we have run numerical simulations of the virus dynamics model given in Equation (1) to model the chronic state of the infection (Figure 2). This set‐point level during chronic infection is perturbed by the administration of antiretroviral drugs. Our model describes the typical shoulder phase during the first day after the start of therapy that is caused by the transactivation of recently infected cells I (Figure 2, black line) into activated, virus‐producing cells A (Figure 2, blue line). During the first week after the start of therapy, the virus load (Figure 2, red line) declines exponentially with a slope that approximates the death rate of activated cells A. In addition, the dynamics is partly determined by the reversion of activated cells A into latent cells L and the reactivation of latently infected cells (Figure 2, red line). After the first week during treatment, the virus decay is described by a slower second phase that is caused by the slow reactivation of cells in the latently infected cell pool, accurately describing the first two phases of virus load decline during antiretroviral therapy.
Intracellular Tat transactivation kinetics predict a decelerating decay during prolonged antiretroviral therapy
The basal transcription rate of the provirus depends on the position where it is inserted into the host DNA. Generally, the HIV provirus appears to be inserted at positions that are under active transcription because of the free access for integration (Schroder et al, 2002). However, experiments have shown that the transcriptional profile of HIV proviruses obeys a distribution (Jordan et al, 2001), suggesting that the basal transcription rates of some proviruses are likely to be low. Because of the linear relation between basal transcription rates and activation rates that we have shown above, this suggests that activation rates are also heterogeneously distributed. The decelerating decay of virus load following drug therapy has indeed been linked to different activation rates of latently infected cells (Strain et al, 2003, 2005). A decelerating decay can also be found in a recent study by Chun et al (2007) and has been suggested by mathematical modeling (Muller et al, 2002; Kim and Perelson, 2006). It has been speculated that the decelerating decay is a result of antigenic stimulation of resting CD4+ T cells that have different specificities. Here, we hypothesize that the heterogeneous activation rates of latently infected cells derive from the integration of the provirus at different sites in the host DNA, which results in the distribution of basal transcription rates. Once the latently infected cell pool gets depleted during drug treatment, the activation rates of the remaining cells shift towards low values resulting in a decelerating decay. As this affects the long‐term behavior of the decay dynamics, we use a simplified HIV dynamics model that does not take into account the population of recently infected cells, i.e., we omit the integral of transactivation from Equation (1). For the cycling between activated and latently infected cells, we devise the following integro‐differential equations with different classes of latently infected cells, La:
As we assume that de novo infections have stopped, activated cells A are only generated through activation of latently infected cells with a maximal activation rate αmax. They revert into latently infected cells with rate r or die with rate δ. Latently infected cells of type La are generated according to a distribution of activation rates, f(α), become activated with rate α and die with rate μ. By solving for the explicit solution (see Materials and methods) and using parameters values from the literature, we can accurately describe the decay dynamics of the virus load (Figure 3A and B) and the latently infected cells (Figure 3C). We obtain similar decay dynamics for several distributions of activation rates, f(α), as long as they decrease and approach zero at low activation rates. Both, the concentration of virus and of latently infected cells falls below one copy per ml over a prolonged period of treatment, but the virus fails to become eradicated because some latently infected cells have very low activation rates, i.e., harbor an HIV provirus with a very low basal transcription rate.
It is challenging to investigate how the intracellular life cycle of a virus influences the virus dynamics within a host. Only few attempts have been made that combine the intra‐ and extracellular levels of virus dynamics so far (Haseltine et al, 2005, 2008). Further, one often assumes populations to be homogeneous to model the dynamics of viruses and infected cells. However, theoretical and experimental studies have shown how intrinsic noise in single cells can give rise to heterogeneous cell populations (McAdams and Arkin, 1997; Elowitz et al, 2002). Here, we used a modified computational model of the intracellular transactivation circuit of HIV (Weinberger et al, 2005; Weinberger and Shenk, 2007) to elucidate the events of transactivation after infection, reversion into latency and reactivation of latently infected cells. In a systems approach to modeling virus dynamics, we show the influence of this transactivation circuit on the virus dynamics that is observed after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
Early transcription of non‐integrated proviruses has been observed in HIV‐infected cells, but the biological potential of pre‐integration transcripts are unclear (Stevenson et al, 1990; Wu and Marsh, 2003; Wu, 2004). We find that a small amount of pre‐integration transcripts of viral RNA can be sufficient to trigger the transactivation circuit that renders an infected cell into an activated, virus‐producing cell. The cascade of the intracellular transactivation circuit generates a delay between the infection of a cell and the production of viral proteins that contributes to the intracellular delay before virus production that is observed during the first day after antiretroviral drug treatment.
Latently infected cells consist of resting CD4+ T cells harboring an HIV provirus that does not provide sufficient transcription. Our simulations show, that a low basal transcription rate of the LTR can keep the infected cells in a latent state. However, as soon as a few Tat molecules have accumulated, the transactivation circuit may render a cell to become activated. Therefore, we postulate that the activation of latently infected cells is, at least in part, governed by the basal transcription rate of the provirus that is inserted in the host DNA. In contrast to previous studies, this suggests that the turnover of the latent infected cell pool is dictated by intrinsic viral factors, rather than extracellular stimuli such as antigenic activation. A recent study provides supporting evidence that Tat can indeed prime and activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) if cultured at physiological oxygen levels (Sahaf et al, 2008). Hence, the intracellular transactivation circuit might result in Tat levels that induce translocation of host transcription factors which are necessary to activate resting CD4+ T cells for virus production.
The mechanisms behind the generation of viral latency have been difficult to assess so far (Lassen et al, 2004a). Li et al (1996) proposed that HIV‐infected cells have a 'shutdown' mechanism for virus production. Mathematical models have incorporated the process of reversion into latency (Bucy, 1999; Sedaghat et al, 2008) but a definite mechanism has not been further investigated. The transient gene expression for the transcriptional circuit in HIV that has been found by Weinberger et al (2008) provides a model at which viral latency could be generated. One can speculate whether activated, virus‐producing CD4+ cells survive long enough to revert into a latent state (Han et al, 2007). The stochastic simulations of the intracellular transactivation circuit result in a reversion rate of ∼0.019 per day. In the model that describes the long‐term behavior of the decay dynamics, the reversion rate is determined by Equation (9) and we obtain r∼0.007 per day. As virus‐producing cells follow a constant death rate (Althaus et al, 2009), these two estimates suggest that about 1−3% of the cells becoming latent is sufficient to account for the characteristic dynamics.
We can also show, by assuming a distribution of activation rates in latently infected cells that would arise from a distribution of basal transcription rates, that a model with different classes of latently infected cells fully explains the long‐term decay dynamics during drug treatment. The second (Perelson et al, 1997), third and fourth (Palmer et al, 2008) phase of virus decay may not just arise from different compartments of infected cells but may reflect the decay profile of latently infected cells with different activation rates, similar as it was shown in Muller et al (2002). In contrast to the gradual depletion of latently infected cells that can be explained by a slow process such as the basal transcription rate, another phenomenon during antiretroviral therapy, the occurrence of transient viral 'blips', are unlikely to be caused by this mechanism. As blips appear to be the result of viral replication in a distinct sub‐population of latently infected cells, they are more likely to be caused by a mechanism such as antigenic stimulation of localized T‐cell populations harboring HIV (Rong and Perelson, 2009).
If the basal transcription rate indeed determines the activation rate of latently infected cells, then complete eradication of the latently infected cell pool during antiretroviral therapy is unlikely to happen, as the resting CD4+ T cells may persist lifelong. However, strategies for purging the pool of latently infected cells with activating stimuli have been proposed (Kulkosky et al, 2001; Brooks et al, 2003). Our study suggests that elevating the transcription rate of the provirus might prove to be a new target to activate the latently infected cells. If the basal transcription rates could be increased with transcriptional activators, or even with the molecule Tat, eradication of the latently infected cell pool in a reasonable time span may become feasible.
Different host factors are likely to contribute to the nature of viral latency in HIV, but we have shown that the properties of the intracellular transactivation circuit can account for many characteristics of the viral dynamics. These findings are in contrast with a common concept that the availability of host transcription factors determines viral latency. However, it is unclear whether the translocation of transcription factors is the cause or consequence of this process. Primarily, transcription factors such as the nuclear factor NF‐κB have been found to stabilize the transactivation circuit (Burnett et al, 2009). We can only speculate about the definite role of the basal transcription rate and the HIV protein Tat in the generation and maintenance of viral latency, but recent observations have given support that latency could indeed be an intrinsic property of HIV (Jeeninga et al, 2008).
Materials and methods
Intracellular transactivation circuit
To simulate the transactivation of HIV‐infected cells and their reversion into latency, we adopt the model from Weinberger et al (2005) and Weinberger and Shenk (2007). For some additions of the model and parameters, we refer to the studies by Reddy and Yin (1999) and Kim and Yin (2005). Using chemical kinetics, the transactivation circuit can be described as follows:
The promoter site of the HIV provirus consists of the LTR, which is under the control of a low basal transcription rate kb. Transcription can also happen in bursts giving rise to a higher number of mRNA molecules, i.e., . However, as long as the transcriptional bursts also occur at a low but constant rate kb, the properties of the transactivation circuit are not affected. Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus (mRNAn) and exported into the cytoplasm (mRNAc) at a rate ke. There protein translation takes place, which generates the proteins for viral particle assembly, P, and at a lower rate the regulatory protein Tatc. After it is imported into the nucleus, Tatn binds reversibly, together with co‐factors, to the LTR resulting in the transcriptional elongation factor pTEFbd. pTEFbd can reversibly become acetylated into the activated form pTEFba that leads to a much higher transcription rate, kf, of the provirus. Messenger RNA, Tat and proteins P have different rates of decay.
It is important to note that we do not take into account the processes of the HIV replication life cycle that occur before or after transactivation, such as reverse transcription or the assembly of viral particles. Also, it has been shown that after the first steps of transactivation, the regulatory protein Rev will generate differently spliced transcripts that eventually translate into structural proteins. Although these intermediate processes will extend the time delay until newly produced viral particles are released, it is unlikely that they influence the switch‐like behavior of the transactivation circuit. Therefore, we simply define an infected cell as activated and virus‐producing when the intracellular concentration of the viral protein P breaches a threshold of 103 (Figure 1A). We initialize the simulation runs of newly infected cells with a small amount of pre‐integration transcripts (Wu, 2004). Sensitivity analysis shows that a single transcript of mRNA is rarely sufficient to induce the positive feedback loop. However, a few mRNA transcripts are enough to launch the transactivation circuit in ∼99% of the simulation runs and we set the number of pre‐integration transcripts to mRNAn(0)=5. The parameters are given in Table I. For stochastic simulations of the transactivation circuit, we make use of the Gillespie algorithm (Gillespie, 1977). A program of the model was written in C and can be obtained freely on request from the authors.
From probability densities to age‐dependent rates
To analyze the behavior of a large population of HIV‐infected cells that are subject to stochastic processes, we carry out many simulation runs of the transactivation circuit given in Equation (3) within a single cell. For example, in the case of transactivation of recently infected cells, we measure the time point at which the viral protein P exceeds the threshold of 103 (Figure 1A). This point is defined as the time of transactivation and we repeat the simulation 106 times to obtain the probability distribution of transactivation depending on the age of the infected cell (Figure 1B, red line). Next, we derive the age‐dependent transactivation rate s(a), where a is the age of the cell after infection. The probability that an infected cell has not yet been transactivated until time t is given by
where ŝ(a) is the probability density function and the cumulative probability density function of transactivation. By taking the logarithm and differentiating over t we derive the age‐dependent transactivation rate
Similarly, the reversion rate and transactivation rate of latently infected cells can be obtained. For numerical simulations of the PDE model from Equation (1), we use the age‐dependent transactivation rate obtained in Figure 1B and the constant rates that are approached in Figure 1C and 1D to solve the equations using the escalator boxcar train model formulation as described in De Roos et al (1992) (available on http://staff.science.uva.nl/~aroos/Ebt.htm).
Virus dynamics with heterogeneous activation rates
Based on the model given in Equation (2), we derive an explicit mathematical solution for the dynamics of virus and latently infected cells during drug therapy. We extend a previous model by (Muller et al, 2002) to account for the reversion of virus‐producing cells into latency and additionally assume a distribution of activation rates of latently infected cells, f(α). For simplicity, we consider 100% drug efficacy and therefore assume that de novo infections have stopped.
First, we examine a simple case with only one class of latently infected cells, Lα, with a single activation rate α. As the turnover of activated cells is much faster than that of latently infected cells, we can make a quasi steady‐state assumption:
The virus produced by activation of latently infected cells is then given by
where p/c accounts for the virus production and clearance.
Second, we assume a distribution of latently infected cells and define the pre‐treatment steady‐state as
with A(0) being the pool of activated cells. The total pool of latently infected cells is then given by
Now, we can account for the virus production through activation of a heterogeneous pool of latently infected cells by simply substituting Equation (9) into Equation (7), which gives the final solution:
Similarly, the decay of latently infected cells is given by
In addition, the initial pool of activated virus producing cells is decaying rapidly and the virus load is given by
where represent the cells that are activated by latently infected cells at time 0 and therefore have been included in Equation (10). The total concentration of virus over time is then given by V(t)=VL(t)+VA(t). Numerical simulations of a full model without the quasi steady‐state assumptions validate our explicit solution (results not shown).
We thank Vitaly Ganusov for discussions on technical aspects of the paper and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Christian L Althaus and Rob J De Boer gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (VICI Grant 016.048.603).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary Information
Supplementary information
Supplementary figure S1 [msb20104-sup-0001.pdf]
This is an open‐access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation without specific permission.
- Copyright © 2010 EMBO and Macmillan Publishers Limited


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Okay folks, Spy Factory is now available at Amazon in kindle format. And those who have been honing their spy skills can even find it on Goodreads. Releasing in paperback in July. Here's the description:
Sixth-grader Nate Fischer never wanted to be a spy. But when a mysterious phone call lands him at a new school, he realizes that he doesn't have a choice: his new school is a spy factory. He barely has time to learn his locker combination before his first mission plunges him into danger. A sinister organization is trying to destroy his school and take over the world, and Nate has only a few hours to stop the evil plot.
With just a backpack full of spy gadgets, a bit of spy training, and their own cunning to guide them, Nate and his partner Lucy follow a trail of secret messages in pursuit of the one thing that can save their school from destruction. As they are chased through subway tunnels and across rooftops, Nate and Lucy must race to complete their mission before it is too late. Cracking secret codes, evading capture, and battling enemy agents—sixth grade wasn't supposed to be like this!

subset: commoncrawl


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George J. Vasquez, Esq.
George J. Vasquez is the owner of the practice and is always personally available for his clients. As a Fresno native, he is closely connected to the Central Valley community. He serves as legal counsel to the Latino Mayors and Elected City Officials Coalition of Fresno County, a non-profit focused on the needs of underrepresented people in Fresno County. George is also a panel attorney for the Central California Appellate Program, where he takes appointed cases for indigent appellants. George is admitted to practice in all California State Courts and the Eastern District of California.


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|OPEN CALL FOR ARTISTS| Mi Querido Barrio Augmented Reality Exhibition
?Mi Querido Barrio? is a project presented by the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute that will use augmented reality technology to map a historic and cultural tour of El Barrio. Our main goal is to foster greater awareness of the cultural history of the area?s landmark locations that identify the unique places of El Barrio. The works of artists in both traditional media and augmented reality will explore the theme of home and its varied definitions. CCCADI will be identifying four artists to participate in this augmented reality project. The project will be launching this Fall 2016 as part of the grand opening of CCCADI?s new home in El Barrio.
- Visual and Media Artists with a wide range of skills including strong computer and media skills.
- Visual and Media Artists with a strong interest in bringing their artistic styles into this very spatial and experiential medium are welcomed to apply.
21 and older visual and/or media artists with a flexible schedule on the weekends, interested in learning how to use new technologies for education and cultural preservation purposes.
? Be comfortable using computers
? Attend workshop on Saturday, July 16, from 10am-3pm
? Be committed to create minimum 2 augments
? Be committed to meet deadlines
? Be a team player and be willing to support and work with other artists in the group.
Participants will receive a stipend of $500 for successful projects completion.
If you are interested in participating in the Mi Querido Barrio project, please send in the following materials:
1. A Letter of Interest of no more than a page in length which outlines your skills and background as an artist and why you want to participate in this project
2. A one to two-page resume/cv
3. A sample of your work preferably in digital form.
Regina Bultron Bengoa - email@example.com, using the following subject line: Mi Querido Barrio Artist Application


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SharePoint List Lookup Column…!
One of my friend came to me with a question on how to create a SharePoint List Lookup column. He had gone through several approaches (Programmatically and Declaratively) and he was asking for a recommended best practice way. I remembered a bit how I did that before but was not so sure the exact steps. Then I put my hands on and was trying to do a POC and had to spend some time on it. So thought its valuable to blog it so I will have a reference back for my self.
Scenario for my POC was a typical one, Department and Employee Lists. So I want a lookup field inside the Employee list so I can pick Department from a lookup column.
Step 01: Create a list that will contain data for the lookup list. In my case it will be department list and below are the properties of it
List Name = "Departments"
List URL = "Lists/Departments"
Field name that I want to lookup = "Title"
Step 02: Create a list that will hold the Employee details.
List Name = "Employees"
It already contains a field to hold the Employee Full Name "Full Name"
Step 03: Now we have to define a lookup field to show the Department names. This is the most important section because this is the place we are doing something different than for other normal list fields(columns)
<Field ID="{BE38913E-20F4-4922-8694-799501852C5E}" Name="Department" StaticName="Department" DisplayName="Department" Type="Lookup" List="Lists/Departments" ShowField="Title"/>
The list field will have all regular attributes such as ID, Name, StaticName and DisplayName. So to tell SharePoint that this new field is a Lookup field, we specify the Type attribute as "Lookup". Then we have to specify the source list name that we will be retrieving data (Departments List). The value should be set to "List" attribute and it can be the ListId or the list path. If we are to deploy this solution in deferent locations we cannot go with a id specific column, because the ID changes, from one Site to other. So we have to specify the List Path.
One thing to note here is you need to give the full list path as it shows up in the browser URL.
So it should be looking like this.
Now we have a reference to the Department list and now need to decide what column should be retrieved. To specify that set the source column name to the ShowField attribute.
So we are retrieving the Title field from the Departments list.
That's it Add the newly created column to your list content type and in the view fields as necessary and you will be getting the lookup values as expected.


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For those that do their 60k and already have the tools and maybe even have some shim it might be easier to buy a couple odd shims. Well we have a large selection of shims for any valve adjustment.
Tech Notes
Some come from SHO motors and others from Yamaha.
You must purchase the shipping here for us to ship them: SHIPPING
Email us for other sizes.
Got a question about this or any other SHOSource product? Email us: firstname.lastname@example.com


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BIRD OF PREY, #1 This was supposed to be an easy case… Sémya Slotin had spent the last three years living in London with her best friend Polliannah Koch staying away from solving cases. After Hawaii, she was taking a break from puzzles, cases and mysteries that could potentially get her killed. Instead, she had been doing her second and third favorite things, drinking and selling expensive vintage wines and having earth-shattering sex with the mysterious, sexy, beautiful but ever so secretive Josh Heinz. Life in London was good….until her funds ran out. Too much wine drinking, not enough wine selling! When fashion designer and adoptive mother, Annika Slotin, summoned her back to Paris to hire her for what Sémya considered being the easiest case of her amateur sleuth career, all she could think of and see was money signs and a well-deserved Cuban holiday once it was solved. What Sémya didn't see was her stumbling on the fresh corpse of supermodel Johanna Cartier. She didn't think that male model turned fashion designer Julian Marais-Caldwin, who also happened to be Sémya's ex, would be suspected of brutally murdering her. Johanna was his girlfriend, his muse and he loved her. Sémya didn't see the dead bodies piling up or the conspiracy theories. Sémya was a little rusty. But then again, it was supposed to be an easy case and she was going to solve it. One vintage wine at a time… Sémya Slotin was officially back in business! The Plot Thickens by: Danielle-Claude Ngontang Mba Sémya Slotin Mystery #2 Genres: Mystery, Romance, Suspense, Thriller Amazon - Nook - Smashwords - iBooks
Synopsis:THE PLOT THICKENS, #2 What happened while Semya Slotin and Josh Heinz were busy solving Johanna Cartier's murder in Bird Of Prey? Polliannah's story... When Polliannah Koch Guryev meets John Allen, she thinks that she's finally found her Prince Charming a tall, blond and handsome banker. What could go wrong? John Allen has a job to do and getting closer to the beautiful Miss Koch Guryev is supposed to be a means to an end. But then they fall in love. He's a hit man on a mission, she's the sister of his targets. What possible future could they have? Now he and his Russian Princess have to leave London for their safety.But it may already be too late for them...
Polliannah Got Married! by: Danielle-Claude Ngontang Mba Sémya Slotin Mystery #3 Genres: Mystery, Romance, Suspense, Thriller Amazon - Nook - Smashwords - iBooks
Synopsis:POLLIANNAH GOT MARRIED!, #3 The truth this time, and nothing but the truth… Polliannah Koch Guryev is in trouble and her boyfriend is dead. It's not the first time amateur sleuth Sémya Slotin finds herself on the first plane to rescue her best friend, but nothing's prepared her for what she finds in Toronto. Polliannah is a widow and her late husband John Allen was a hit man for the powerful Dovos family. What did they want from her? Why is this happening? One thing they do know: their carefree life back in London is officially over. Sémya's long-time boyfriend Josh Heinz knows more than he lets on, but as usual he's not telling her anything. In fact, everyone knows more, but nobody's talking. But that never stops Sémya Slotin, Detective Extraordinaire, from finding out the truth beneath the lies… But at what cost? Old conspiracies and secrets resurface that put them all in peril. Sémya's worst fears about her relationship with Josh and his past are confirmed, and the rift between them may never heal. Sémya and Polliannah's world is falling apart. Will they be able to come out of this stronger? Oh, and did I mention that Polliannah got married?
Vincent Mallory Edgerton by: Danielle-Claude Ngontang Mba Sémya Slotin Mystery #4 Genres: Mystery, Romance, Suspense, Thriller Amazon - Nook - Smashwords - iBooks
Synopsis:VINCENT MALLORY EDGERTON, #4 The pursuit of peace is not always pacific. Vincent Mallory Edgerton had always been an efficient FREGG operative. It was his family legacy and his pride. He had always loved his job, even when he had to leave everything behind for his safety and become Josh Heinz. Every love story has a beginning. Sémya Slotin had been coasting through life solving one mystery after another. While in Hawaii, her young protégée disappeared. When Sémya met Josh Heinz, her mind kept telling her to stay away from the handsome stranger with the hypnotic light brown eyes but she found herself inexplicably drawn to him. He awakened something in her and she was unable to resist him. It never happened to her before. Who was that man? In Hawaii, Vincent had to work covertly with the sexy bold sleuth. Sémya's beauty and intellect completely enthralled him, but his passion and growing love for her also changed him. There was nothing he wouldn't do to finally win her trust and keep her safe, causing him to unleash events that would shape the rest of their lives. From the moment their gazes locked, Sémya and Vincent sealed their fate. Note: This book is part of the series and is not a standalone. You might be able to enjoy without reading Bird of Prey and The Plot Thickens first BUT I really advise to read Polliannah Got Married! first.
About the Author
I'm over 30. I was born in Quebec City, Canada. I grew up in France and in Gabon. I speak English & French fluently. Pizza is my favorite dish. Black Forest Cake is my favorite dessert. I met Michael Jackson when I was eleven. I loathe vodka but love gin, wine and tequila. I'm obsessed with Robbie Williams and Michael Fassbender. I call Toronto my home. I love reading. I love dancing. I love watching exciting TV shows. I love my life... most days. I'm a major goof. I can't stand intolerance. I'm curious, cheeky and oh so opinionated!


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Lexington Road is a traveling worship band from Boyce College, the undergraduate school of Southern Seminary. This seven-member band leads worship for various events on campus, as well as in local churches, conferences, and special events around the country. Their desire is to lead students in passionate worship with God-honoring music that is Christ-centered and infused with gospel truth. They feature a variety of worship music styles including prominent worship songs as well as original arrangements of traditional hymns.
Awake My Soul
- To God be the Glory
- Come Behold the Wondrous Mystery
- Man of Sorrows
- Nothing but the Blood
- Awake My Soul


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On Fri, Dec 29, 2006 at 11:04:01PM +0100, Sven Arvidsson wrote: > On Fri, 2006-12-29 at 16:42 -0500, Matt Price wrote: > > for stupid reasons I need to install via netboot on a compaq tablet > > (hoping this will work, it's my last shot!). I have an ubuntu desktop > > with two ethernet cards, eth0 & eth1, and have set up dhcp & tftp on > > eth1 as documented in various places on the web, e.g. here: > > > > http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/478 > > > > > > this works fine to a point. I have the ubuntu edgy netboot images > > in /var/lib/tftpboot, my tablet starts up with pxe, finding the images, > > and is ready to install but cannot find the broader internet 0-- it > > doesn't seem to see past the eth1 subnet. So, probably a simple > > question: how do I enable the eth1 traffic to bridge across to eth0 > > and thus access the whole internet? I guess it has something to do with > > ip forwarding or ip masquarading or one of those very scary and arcane > > pieces of dark magic. [...] > > Bridging is done using the tools from the bridge-utils package, and > isn't very hard to do, but unless I have misunderstood something, all > you want is to turn on ip forwarding? > > echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward > > There might be a more permanent and Debian friendly way to do this, but > it'll work in a pinch. you can modify /etc/network/options. its very self-explanatory. A
Description: Digital signature


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COMPETITION GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS These General Competition Terms and Conditions apply to all competitions run by the Promoter. They may be amended or varied from time to time by the Promoter. Special Terms and Conditions may apply to particular contests in which case, the Special Terms and Conditions will be highlighted on the competition/promotion page.
1. PROMOTER The Promoter is Equine Superstore: located at Equine Superstore, Falcon Park, Hophurst Lane, Crawley Down, West Sussex, RH10 4XF
2. WHO MAY ENTER The only persons who may enter and be awarded prizes who are not employees of the Promoter or its related bodies corporate, or the immediate family of such employees. "Immediate family" means spouse, parent, child or sibling, whether or not they live in the same household as the employee .
3. CONDITIONS OF ENTRY By entering the competition, participants agree to be bound by these General Terms and Conditions and any Special Terms and Conditions appearing on the website specific to the particular competition.
4. LIMITATIONS ON ENTRY Participants may only enter the competition once, unless the Special Terms and Conditions specify otherwise. Only the first received entry will be valid if more than one entry is received from a participant.
5. SELECTION OF WINNERS The Promoter will select the winner/s of the competition at random. The Promoter's decision in relation to any aspect of the competition is final and binding on every entrant. No correspondence will be entered into.
6. PRIZES All prizes must be taken as offered and are not exchangeable, transferable, redeemable for cash or for resale. In the event that a prize is unavailable, the Promoter reserves the right to substitute a prize of equal or greater value. Prizes unclaimed after a period of one month from the date of notification of the winner may be forfeited and used by the Promoter at the discretion of the Promoter. Prize collection method will be listed on the competition page. For certain competitions, prizes will be posted to the address nominated by the winner/s. No responsibility will be accepted by the Promoter for any lost or misdirected mail.
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10. INTERNET If for any reason a competition does not run for its duration due to a computer virus, tampering, unauthorised intervention, fraud, technical failures or any other cause beyond the control of the Promoter that corrupts or affects the administration, security, fairness, integrity or proper conduct of the competition, the Promoter reserves the right in its sole discretion to cancel, terminate, modify or suspend the competition or disqualify any individual who tampers with the entry process. The Promoter is not responsible for any:
(a) malfunction, delay or traffic congestion on any telephone network or line, computer on-line system, servers or providers, computer equipment, software, or website;
(b) failure of any email or entry to be received by the Promoter; nor any injury or damage to entrants or any other person related to or resulting from participation in the competition or down loading any materials in a competition.
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This clause does not affect any rights a consumer may have which are unable to be excluded under UK law. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any liability of the Promoter or its employees or agents for breach of any such rights is limited to the payment of the costs of having the prize supplied again.


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Only 3 Streets from glorious Palm Cove Beachfront and approximately only a 3 minute walk. Guests can simply walk down to the beach and be at the heart of Palm Coves popular dining scene, with a choice of beachfront cafe's & restaurant's merely moments away. Things to do there include jet skiing, sailing, kayaking and paddle boarding around Double Island or try your luck fishing off the jetty.
In this quiet residential location, you can enjoy privacy and cultivate the art of leisure whilst being only a stones throw from all amenities.
The timber patio overlooks the private sparkling inground pool and BBQ area. You can enjoy lazy days by the pool on the sunlounges with a refreshing drink in hand. This is a tree tropical home which brings the outside inside with lots of windows for cross flow breezes.
This comfortable and affordable fully air-conditioned home has 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. Perfect for the family getaway or a holiday with friends. This spacious home fits the bill for a great holiday; location, position, quality, privacy and above all, great value for money.
Sleeps 6 - Minimum 3 night stay in low season. Minimum 4 nights in high season.
High Season - $320 per night - June to Oct Inclusive
Low season - $220 per night - Nov to May Excluding Easter and Christmas Holidays
Plus a service fee of $205 per stay
Rates and selected dates are approximate and subject to change
Christmas period there is a 7 night minimum stay
Easter period there is a 4 night minimum stay
There is also a two week high season rate during the Easter Holidays
All linen (except for babies/cots), including beach and pool towels are supplied
PLEASE NOTE: This property is not serviced daily nor are any items supplied for your stay
Bedding Configuration:
Bedroom 1 - 1 x Queen bed
Bedroom 2 - 1 x Queen bed
Bedroom 3 - 2 Single Beds
Port-a-cot (no linen provided) to be cleaned by guest after use please
Highchair - to be cleaned by guest after use please
Property freatures:
- Approx only a 3 minute walk to the beachfront
- 3 bedrooms
- 2 bathrooms
- Ceilings fans & air-conditioning
- Fully equipped kitchen
- Washing machine & dryer
- Rear patio overlooking inground pool
- Ingound pool approx 5mtrs x 3.5mtrs
- Sunlounges
- Esky
- Port-a-cot (no linen provided) to be cleaned by guest after use please
- Highchair - to be cleaned by guest after use please
Located just 25 minutes from the Cairns International Airport and just a short distance from the main strip of restaurants and patrolled waters of Palm Cove, this residence represent's a privileged lifestyle.
Palm Cove is an intimate coastal village where real estate is tightly held and residents enjoy easy access to the economic hub of Cairns City and the laid back lifestyle of the beachside and easy access to the Great Barrier Reef.
Palm Cove is spectacular, no matter what direction you look, nestled between two World Heritage sites - The Great Barrier Reef and The Daintree Rainforest.
Palm cove local highlights:
Spa Treatments
Palm Cove has a variety of spas offering Indigenous inspired treatments and natural, tropical products in treatment rooms overlooking the Coral Sea. One treatment is never enough!
From small beachfront cafes to 5-star a la carte restaurants or private on-beach dining, including three of Australia's top 200 restaurants, the only hard part about eating in Palm Cove is choosing where to go.
Bicycle Paths
Hire a bicycle and explore Palm Cove and surrounds using the network of smooth bike paths connecting the Cairns northern beaches.
Australian Surf Live Savers are on duty daily and safe swimming nets make Palm Cove Beach an ideal location for year round fun in the sun.
The Great Barrier Reef and the Daintree Rainforest are all within easy reach. Enjoy swimming or sun bathing at a local beach or try jet skiing, sailing, kayaking and stand up paddle boarding to nearby islands or fishing.
Stroll along The Esplanade or take a swim in the man made lagoon. Cairns is also the home of SCUBA Diving in Australia and there are a number of companies offering dive trips and dive courses.
Other local attractions include the Botanical Gardens, Skyrail Rainforest Cableway and Scenic Rail to Kuranda, Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park, Cairns Kart Hire and Laser Tag or try cable skiing at Cairns Wake Park, AJ Hackett's Bungee Jump and two Golf Courses/Recreation Centres - World Class Paradise Palms Resort & Country Club and Palm Cove Country Club. Visit or feed the crocodiles at Hartley's Crocodile Farm.
If you want to explore further afield you could visit Paronella Park, go wild water rafting at Tully, Sky Dive, tour the Tablelands or simply take the beautiful scenic drive to Port Douglas.
Agent Details
Agent Details
Please contact us if you are interested in this property.
Address:28 Bokissa Road
Palm Cove QLD 4879


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Require Flood Damage Stafford Dry-Out Assistance?
Precisely how you manage your flooded house and its contents can have a bearing on not simply the damage degree but your own personal well being and safety
The longer a water-damaged residential property is left alone, the more the harm will develop. You need to take prompt action.
The greatest thing you can do is phone Water Damage Pros right now!
Remember! Your insurance company may try to force you into using from their supplier list of water remediation companies. You are not required to do so. In fact, fairly often this is simply a low bidder catalog. Service companies have consented to take less pay for their effort in order to be included on the insurance companies selection. Your residence is far too valuable to trust it to the lowest bidder!
Call Water Damage Pros - Stafford (832) 463-4922
Water Damage Stafford Restoration Pros On Duty.
Our company will:
- Address Your Doubts
- Describe the procedure
- Handle your insurance company and all of the paperwork.
- Take note! Your insurance rep might try to force you into picking from their list of water remediation organizations.
You undoubtedly want to get a experienced firm to deal with the overall work, but it isn't a possibility, you will obtain timely guidance on this site on the best way to address a flooding situation.
Stop The Water Source!
In the event that you arrive home to a flooding circumstance brought about by a washing machine leakage, or freezer or fridge water leak, damaged line, toilet plumbing, or defective water line, if possible turn off the water to the whole property. Quite often the water valve is located in the basement if your house has a basement. If you have a slab, usually there is a switch off attached to the side of your home.
Phone Water Damage Pros!
Locate a water remediation specialist in your property as soon as feasible. These specialists eliminate all the damaged belongings and begin the procedure of drying everything out. You want to be confident everything is dry and all of the mold has been eliminated before you commence any sort of remodeling.
Contact your insurance company. Do not do anything to your home (beside getting rid of standing water) until you have contacted your insurance company. Make sure you document it with photographs or video if you need to remove anything right away. The insurance agency ought to send out a water remediation expert at once.
Be Very careful With Mold
Make sure to not do anything to your house (beside getting rid of sitting water) until you have called your insurance broker. If you need to remove anything right away, make sure you document it with pics or video.
Keep from coping with mold yourself. Remediation should be delegated a professional. If you have to handle the work by yourself, take extreme caution. The more you disrupt the mold, the greater the chance it can expand through your house and become threatening to your health and well-being.
Call Water Damage Pros - Stafford (832) 463-4922
Water Damage Stafford Mitigation Pros On The Job.
Safety Is Number One!
Refrain from fixing mold on your own. If you will have to handle the job yourself, be extremely cautious.
Shut off the electricity. Before you do any work, shut off the electric to the locations you will be operating on.
Sorting Through The Damages.
- Furniture. Any furniture that has been soaked really should be gotten rid of.
- Rug and carpet. If your carpet has been soaked, dispose of it. The most reliable technique to get rid of it is to cut it into manageable sections with a razor or knife. Roll up the sections, leaving behind the carpet pad, next chop the padding into strips and dispose of them too. Carpet is held down by wooden tack strips thin strips of wood lined with dozens of upside-down nails. These can be taken out with a chisel and a hammer.
- Millwork and Sheetrock . Any millwork, such as baseboards, should be taken out and discarded. Remove soggy Sheetrock and any drenched insulation behind it.
- Cabinets. When water has gone underneath your cabinets, you may need to remove these. You may be able to save them if only a small amount of water went beneath them. You can drill or cut holes in the toe kick-- the bottom-most part of the cabinet that sits on the floor. The toe kick is a little set back from the remainder of the cabinet, so drilling into it is going to let air to flow under the cabinet and dry it out. These drill holes are fairly easy to mend when you start the reconstruction .
- Flooring. Simply because your floor tile or hardwoods look and feel dry to the touch does not indicate they are actually fully dry. A covering of roofing felt is installed in between the subfloor (plywood) and the hardwood flooring when hardwoods are installed. This sets up an great moisture content barrier for the flooring. On the other hand, it also keeps much of the water that falls on the floors. There are machines that can pull the water through the floors without removing them. Reviews though about this process are not the best with this process. If water is still found once you attempt this, you will need to take off the hardwood floor covering. Tile commonly has the identical issue water can come to be trapped between the tile and subfloor so you may have to take off your tile floors too.
Trash Time
Get A Dumpster: If obtaining a dumpster or another bin, get the largest one offered. The pricing difference when comparing the different sizes is usually negligible. Next get a method ready prior to loading it up. You need to obtain the highest quantity of rubbish in the minimum amount of space.
- Be careful when piling items!
- Put the lighter pieces on the bottom.
- Verify you can open the door to the container, positioned on one end. When you throw items over the top, you won't can load the dumpster effectively.
- Collapse items before you hurl these away, and be sure that they lie flat on top of one another.
- If water has gotten underneath your cabinets, you might just need to remove these at the same time. There is equipment that can extract the water through the floors without having to remove them. If water is still present once you try this, you will want to take off the hardwood flooring.
Sweep the house as the flood water recedes. Doing so implies the mud is being swept out with water as it recedes rather than leaving a layer of silt all through your house. That presumes that you have the ability to get access to your property as the water level drops.
Work very closely along with your adjuster: See to it you are onsite when the adjustor visits your property. Make sure that person is there as well if you have a contractor that you're working with. They can both go over the damages and supply judgements regarding the things it will require to fix the situation. Collectively, they may also indicate locations that may have damage that can not be observed.
Posted below are more postal codes of neighborhoods that our crew responds to:
77007, 77275, 77325, 77545, 77221, 77268, 77093, 77441, 77481, 77485, 77257, 77096, 77547, 77027, 77052, 77019, 77549, 77258, 77433, 77446, 77252, 77236, 77501, 77487, 77073, 77203, 77098, 77089, 77204, 77220, 77578, 77503, 77022, 77065, 77245, 77028, 77471, 77082, 77255, 77365, 77244, 77248, 77020, 77023, 77215, 77008, 77240, 77042, 77473, 77380, 77237, 77094, 77077, 77315, 77085, 77391, 77449, 77228, 77345, 77389, 77084, 77202, 77339, 77040, 77279, 77301, 77373, 77484, 77284, 77016, 77291, 77249, 77251, 77050, 77209, 77002, 77299, 77406, 77078, 77381, 77274, 77224, 77259, 77201, 77031, 77429, 77306, 77305, 77070, 77396, 77030, 77562, 77067, 77476, 77068, 77213, 77272, 77048, 77387, 77277, 77205, 77502, 77377, 77337, 77379, 77025, 77091, 77411, 77054, 77216, 77588, 77056, 77090, 77362, 77079, 77265, 77051, 77033, 77583, 77071, 77234, 77353, 77266, 77223, 77074, 77017, 77053, 77384, 77493, 77293, 77466, 77288, 77336, 77021, 77410, 77479, 77491, 77036, 77393, 77060, 77261, 77208, 77489, 77024, 77013, 77401, 77227, 77029, 77014, 77092, 77407, 77235, 77064, 77081, 77354, 77243, 77478, 77302, 77087, 77447, 77034, 77057, 77269, 77069, 77382, 77231, 77292, 77039, 77459, 77080, 77270, 77044, 77076, 77218, 77037, 77225, 77035, 77504, 77423, 77253, 77497, 77004, 77059, 77297, 77095, 77061, 77282, 77271, 77267, 77494, 77532, 77304, 77207, 77242, 77005, 77041, 77388, 77505, 77346, 77038, 77584, 77219, 77018, 77026, 77450, 77357, 77086, 77210, 77508, 77254, 77386, 77287, 77496, 77587, 77011, 77083, 77233, 77413, 77063, 77506, 77355, 77273, 77075, 77212, 77099, 77241, 77262, 77385, 77289, 77072, 77238, 77046, 77230, 77066, 77217, 77003, 77263, 77383, 77222, 77032, 77047, 77001, 77045, 77581, 77530, 77015, 77290, 77536, 77226, 77498, 77469, 77402, 77006, 77206, 77049, 77012, 77338, 77375, 77492, 77229, 77256, 77316, 77464, 77347, 77010, 77088, 77043, 77477, 77055, 77280, 77009
Our Services include: Doing away with smoke stench. Water damage extraction, water dry out, flood clean up, cellar flooding clean up, wet floor covering, water damage contracting, water extraction service, toilet over-flow clean-up, flooded cellar, flood damage, drying wet carpet, flood basement, basement drying, carpet flooding, water damage service, flooded carpet, flooded house, flooded home, water removal, water in cellar. Dial our company if you have a fire damage condition
Call Water Damage Pros - Stafford (832) 463-4922
Below are neighboring towns that our company responds to:
Pinehurst, Pearland, Channelview, New Caney, Spring, Porter, Brookshire, Stafford, Pasadena, Rosenberg, Houston, Richmond, Montgomery, Manvel, Deer Park, Alief, Hockley, Barker, South Houston, Humble, Pattison, Katy, Missouri City, Orchard, Galena Park, Crosby, Wallis, Simonton, Cypress, Kingwood, North Houston, Thompsons, Waller, Magnolia, Hufsmith, San Felipe, Friendswood, Rosharon, Fulshear, Sugar Land, Bellaire, Fresno, Conroe, Highlands, Huffman, Prairie View, Tomball


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Homemade Frozen Yogurt Recipes – With and Without Machines
Frozen Yogurts are the latest trend from the USA, which is also established in Germany. How to make these delicious desserts yourself is learned here.
Frozen Yogurt
The so-called frozen yogurt has already gained great popularity in the United States and now also wants to start its triumphant success in our country. As a low-fat alternative to normal ice cream, this yogurt-based dessert is very popular and is distributed in America in supermarkets but also in Ice Cream Shops. The fat content is significantly lower than with normal ice, since only yogurt and mostly skimmed milk are used instead of cream. As a lover of the low-calorie treat, you have to go back to making your own, since frozen yogurt Shops are rarely sown here. If you can buy them, they are not necessarily cost-effective. Luckily this is almost a children's game.
Homemade Frozen Yogurt
The production of frozen yogurt is similar to the soft ice cream, and even without ice machine possible. An ice cream maker is worthwhile for a lot of enjoyment, since it decreases a lot of work and facilitates the production, but not necessarily necessary. The original variant is made from (low-fat) yogurt, since the dessert is so popular because of its few calories. Instead of whole milk yogurt so take rather fettarmen. This tastes just as good and spares each of us a few kilos on the scales. So you do not need to use too expensive tools to start with yourself.
With frozen fruits and blender
The frozen yogurt is particularly delicious when it is refined with fruit. This is best served with frozen fruits, such as raspberries, strawberries or wild berries, from the supermarket. Of course you can also use fresh, but then you have to cool down the Frozen Yogurt again, to be able to enjoy it fresh.
Yogurt, powdered sugar and fruits are in a stable mixer, as the Kitchen Aid or the Vitamix, added crushed and briefly on the highest level. The longer you mix, the finer the mass becomes. The result is a delicious ice cream dessert with the best ingredients.Whoever wants to try a different variation replaces the yogurt with Creme Frâiche.
Preparation with ice machine
The production of Frozen Yogurt is particularly simple and time-saving when using an ice machine. There are many different models, but all are well suited for production. Here's a little recipe for the first Frozen Yogurt :
List of ingredients
- 500 ml natural yogurt
- Some honey, sugar, powdered sugar agave juice
- 1/2 teaspoon Bourbon vanilla extract or alternatively a packet vanillin
- 2 protein
The preparation
If you want a make Frozen Yogurt using an ice machine , the yogurt must be prepared beforehand. It has to drip in a screen with kitchen paper for about six hours. The sieve should be covered with kitchen foil and be weighed with a plate.
The mass that results from it can easily recall Quark. This is then beaten with the sugar and the vanilla sugar creamy. Both proteins are stiffly struck and subjected to the mass. The liquid ice cream mixture is now filled into the ice cream container by prescription.
This, in turn, is placed in the freezer and the agitator is switched on. This moves a propeller-like spatula or agitator, which scrapes off the cooling liquid on the walls and thoroughly mixes it. The Frozen Yogurt is ready at the latest after a three-quarter-hour. Depending on the model it is even faster. In addition to ice cream and Frozen Yogurt, some machines can be made on soft ice cream and sorbets.
Read Also: Simple and Easy Way How to Make Homemade Yogurt
Without ice machine
Of course, a production is possible without ice maker . This may take a little longer, but it tastes just as good. Here again a few ingredients for a homemade Frozen Yogurt:
List of ingredients
- 500 ml natural yogurt
- Some honey, sugar, powdered sugar agave juice
- 1/2 teaspoon Bourbon vanilla extract or alternatively a packet vanillin
The procedure
The yogurt is stirred into a bowl with a snow bean or hand mixer creamy. The sweetener, ie, sugar, honey, powdered sugar or agave juice, is gradually added during stirring. The amount of the sweetener can be determined individually according to who tastes better. Usually the amount is between 50 and 100 grams.
What you like best, can be found on several occasions. If the mass is creamy, vanilla is added. The mixture then comes into the freezer compartment and is removed every 15 to 20 minutes and stirred. This process usually takes over the ice machine. Care should be taken not to form any ice crystals. If the mass is well-frozen and still creamy, the yogurt ice cream is ready for consumption.
Toppings for the ice
Although it is possible to mix some ingredients into the yogurt mass during the production process, the Frozen Yogurts tend to live by their garnishings, which are called "toppings". This is just about everything, from nuts, small chopped biscuits and colorful sprinkles to sauces and cut fruits.
Creativity can be given free rein, because try is expressly allowed. For children, it is particularly nice to decide what is on the ice. The Toppings can, of course, also be lifted under the ice mass shortly before the end of the freezing time. The presented basic recipes allow any combination with other ingredients.
However, you should be a little careful. Because from the actually "healthy pleasure" can be by the ornament quickly a calorie bomb.
How long does Frozen Yogurt last?
Since the preparation often takes a little more time, you should always prepare larger portions of Frozen Yogurt. These keep themselves in the fridge between four and six weeks and can be enjoyed in time in peace.


text:
A meeting of Clayhidon Parish Council to be held at the Parish Hall, Clayhidon on Monday 12th September 2016 at 1.30pm. The meeting is open to the press and the public.
To receive any declarations of interest relating to business to be conducted at this meeting
To consider the following applications:--
4.1 16/01233/HOUSE. Graddage Farm, Clayhidon. Erection of extension to garage.
4.2 16/01334/HOUSE. Higher Heazle, Clayhidon. Alterations and erection of extension.
To note discharge of condition for:
4.3 16/00841/FULL. Mill View, Clayhidon. Erection of an agricultural building following demolition of 2 existing agricultural buildings. Condition(s): Prior to their use details are to be provided of the colour (RAL/BS Number) of the profile sheeting. In addition, the Yorkshire boarding will remain un-treated and a natural colour, details of the boards are to be supplied. Please note that we have received further details on the above application and they are available for your perusal.
To note permission granted for:-
4.4 16/00302/FULL. Cornerways, Rosemary Lane. Erection of a rural workers dwelling.
Parish Council > Agendas >


text:
by tips6247
2 years ago
On Thursday night, the W Miami hosted artist Sarah Bahbah's First Ever Solo Exhibition entitled, "Sex and Takeout" in celebration of Miami's Art Basel. The beloved Instagram-famous photographer displayed her 30×30 pieces sky-high on the 50th floor in Whisper Cocktail Lounge, overlooking Biscayne Bay and all the Basel action in Downtown Miami and Brickell. Known […]


text:
SOUTH Mildura's A Grade netballers are expecting a willing contest no matter who they face in the grand final next weekend.
The Bulldogs advanced to their second consecutive decider with an 11-goal win over Ouyen United in the second second semi-final.
It means they have a week off to rest before playing the winner of this weekend's preliminary final between the Kangas and Merbein.
For more of this story, purchase your copy of Thursday's Sunraysia Daily 13-9-2018. To subscribe to our Digital Edition Click here


text:
RAMSEY, N.J. -- A flight attendant with experience catering to first class clientele is bringing that level of service to salon goers in Ramsey.
"Everyone deserves to sit in first class once in awhile," said Mahwah resident Lynn Williams, who opened Runway Blowout Lounge in March.
A flight attendant with American Airlines for over 30 years, she's spent 20 years flying first class, both Europe and Transcon.
She's catered to celebrities like George Clooney and Brittany Spears and President Gerald Ford and other White House dignitaries.
She even served a mysterious businessman escorted onto the plane by customer service.
"That didn't happen often. As his flight attendant I thought it was important to understand how I should cater to him so I Googled him," she said.
It turned out he was the head of Google.
"Something I learned in the airline industry: I want each customer to feel like an individual because they're the success of the industry just like my customers are my success here. It's crucial to make people feel like an individual instead of just someone walking in," she added
Although she's not a hairdresser, it's her attention to first class customer service that prompted her to open Runway Blowout Lounge.
"The products I use are huge, the ambiance, my insanely talented team of stylists and the top level customer service. I do pride myself with giving extra time and don't rush anyone out."
Her shop is designed to evoke a feeling of calm and she makes it a point to balance the right music and lighting, depending on what's going on in the shop.
The decor, colors and massage loungers were chosen with peace in mind and she offers a club membership for regulars
"We have quite a few regulars and I'm promoting an annual membership that brings the prices of blowouts down and gives a discount on our product line and other services. I've heard people say they're part of 'the club.' It evokes a feeling of togetherness and family.
It was that feeling of closeness that drew Williams to open a salon. Like an airline crew, a salon works like a close-knit family, she said.
"I really do enjoy spending time with this select group of individuals that I handpicked that I can truly be proud of here," the mother of five said, noting she still flies about six days a month, catering to first class.
She imparts that airline first class customer service training on her staff, reminding them to "Up their game."
"I want clients to leave here feeling like it was the best blowout they've ever gotten. If they don't, then we're not doing our job. I always try to raise the bar."
Part of that is in the products. Williams brought in Kerastase products from Paris that are used on runway models during fashion week.
"I use the finest luxury hair care products on the market. It's expensive for an owner to use but I committed to bringing the best to customers. It's almost unheard of for salons to use high-end products in their salon back bar."
The most important lesson she's learned from the airlines and with celebrities is one she brings to her business.
"Everyone deserves your time and everyone deserves to be treated liked your only client," she said.
See the salon's website for more information or call (201) 818-8901.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text:
INSERT INTO sites(host) VALUES('zlib.net') 1045: Access denied for user 'www-data'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
|Meta Description:
|Meta Keywords:
|sponsored links:
|sponsored links:
|Alexa Rank:
|Google Page Rank:
|Sogou Rank:
|Baidu Cache:
|Search Engine
|Web Server:
|IP address:
|ICANN Registrar:
|Name Server:
|Whois Server:
|One Week Avg.
|Three Mon. Avg.
|Unique IP:
|Alexa Reach and Rank
|Who is zlib.net at net.whois-servers.net
Domain Name: ZLIB.NET
Registry Domain ID: 84558460_DOMAIN_NET-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.godaddy.com
Registrar URL: http://www.godaddy.com
Updated Date: 2017-12-10T17:17:07Z
Creation Date: 2002-03-16T18:34:24Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2022-03-16T17:34:24Z
Registrar: GoDaddy.com, LLC
Registrar IANA ID: 146
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: abuse
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: 480-624-2505
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Name Server: ns1.a2hosting.com
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Name Server: ns3.a2hosting.com
Name Server: ns4.a2hosting.com
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
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Title:zlib Home Site
Description:zip, zlib, or raw deflate stream.
zlib Home Site A Massively Spiffy Yet Delicately Unobtrusive Compression Library (Also Free, Not to Mention Unencumbered by Patents) (Not Related to the Linux zlibc Compressing File-I/O Library) Welcome to the zlib home page, web pages originally created by Greg Roelofs and maintained by Mark Adler. If this page seems suspiciously similar to the PNG Home Page, rest assured that the similarity is completely coincidental. No, really. zlib was written by Jean-loup Gailly (compression) and Mark Adler (decompression). Current release: zlib 1.2.11 January 15, 2017 Version 1.2.11 has these key improvements over 1.2.10: Fix deflate stored bug when pulling last block from window Permit immediate deflateParams changes before any deflate input Due to the bug fixes, any installations of 1.2.9 or 1.2.10 should be immediately replaced with 1.2.11. Version 1.2.10 has these key improvements over 1.2.9: Fix bug in deflate_stored() for zero-length input Fix bug in gzwrite.c that produced corrupt gzip files Version 1.2.9 has these key improvements over 1.2.8: Improve compress() and uncompress() to support large lengths Allow building zlib outside of the source directory Fix bug when level 0 used with Z_HUFFMAN or Z_RLE Fix bugs in creating a very large gzip header Add uncompress2() function, which returns the input size used Dramatically speed up deflation for level 0 (storing) Add gzfread() and gzfwrite(), duplicating the interfaces of fread() and fwrite() Add crc32_z() and adler32_z() functions with size_t lengths Many portability improvements You can also look at the complete Change Log. Canonical URL: http://zlib.net/ (US) zlib is designed to be a free, general-purpose, legally unencumbered -- that is, not covered by any patents -- lossless data-compression library for use on virtually any computer hardware and operating system. The zlib data format is itself portable across platforms. Unlike the LZW compression method used in Unix compress(1) and in the GIF image format, the compression method currently used in zlib essentially never expands the data. (LZW can double or triple the file size in extreme cases.) zlib's memory footprint is also independent of the input data and can be reduced, if necessary, at some cost in compression. A more precise, technical discussion of both points is available on another page. zlib was written by Jean-loup Gailly (compression) and Mark Adler (decompression). Jean-loup is also the primary author of gzip(1), the author of the comp.compression FAQ list and the former maintainer of Info-ZIP's Zip; Mark is also the author of gzip's and UnZip's main decompression routines and was the original author of Zip. Not surprisingly, the compression algorithm used in zlib is essentially the same as that in gzip and Zip, namely, the `deflate' method that originated in PKWARE's PKZIP 2.x. Mark and Jean-loup can be reached by e-mail at . Please read the FAQ and the manual before asking us for help. We are getting too many questions which already have an answer in the zlib documentation. The deflate and zlib specifications both achieved official Internet RFC status in May 1996, and zlib itself was adopted in version 1.1 of the Java Development Kit (JDK), both as a raw class and as a component of the JAR archive format. The lovely zlib-vise image above was provided courtesy of Bruce Gardner, art director of Dr. Dobb's Journal. It appears in Mark Nelson's article in the January 1997 issue (see below). The current release is publicly available here: zlib source code, version 1.2.11, tar.gz format (593K, SHA-256 hash c3e5e9fdd5004dcb542feda5ee4f0ff0744628baf8ed2dd5d66f8ca1197cb1a1): US (zlib.net) (GPG signature) Pick a mirror (prdownloads.sourceforge.net) zlib source code, version 1.2.11, tar.xz format (457K, SHA-256 hash 4ff941449631ace0d4d203e3483be9dbc9da454084111f97ea0a2114e19bf066): US (zlib.net) (GPG signature) Pick a mirror (prdownloads.sourceforge.net) zlib source code, version 1.2.11, zipfile format (730K, SHA-256 hash d7510a8ee1918b7d0cad197a089c0a2cd4d6df05fee22389f67f115e738b178d): US (zlib.net) (GPG signature) Pick a mirror (prdownloads.sourceforge.net) Note that zlib is an integral part of libpng and has been tested extensively as part of many PNG-supporting applications. zlib Information zlib Frequently Asked Questions Zlib-announce mailing list New versions of zlib are announced on this list. DD Zlib-devel mailing list Please do not send questions or comments about zlib to this mailing list. Send those directly to the authors at after checking the FAQ and the manual, of course. The zlib-devel list is for the development of zlib mdash;members are contributors to and testers of new versions of zlib. DD zlib Manual zlib Usage Example zlib Technical Details zlib-related specifications: RFC 1950 ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version 3.3 RFC 1951 DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3 RFC 1952 GZIP file format specification version 4.3 Deflate stream disassembler. infgen.c produces a readable description of a gzip, zlib, or raw deflate stream. zlib's Deflate Algorithm zlib's deflate flush modes zlib License All released versions of zlib zlib on github CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) Bonus Information Ross Williams' classic "A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms" Code to generate any CRC, with a list of CRC descriptions. crcany.c can take a description of a CRC and compute that CRC efficiently. It includes bit-wise, table-driven byte-wise, and table-driven word-wise CRC algorithms. Code to modify a message so that it generates the desired CRC. spoof.c takes an abbreviated description of the CRC, the exclusive-or of the current CRC of the message and the desired CRC, the length of the message, and a list of bit locations in a message, and tells you which of those bits should be inverted in the message to get the desired CRC. Note that it does not need the message itself, due to the linearity property of CRCs. ZIP File Processing Bonus Software Code to read a zip file as a stream and extract its contents. sunzip.c will read a zip file from stdin and extract the files therein that use compression methods 0, 8, 9, or 12 (stored, deflate, deflate64, or bzip2). It accepts Zip64 input. Code to merge multiple zip files into a single zip file. zipknit.c accepts Zip64 input files, and will create Zip64 output if the combined size of the merged zip file warrants it. All compression formats are permitted, since no decompression or recompression is performed. Encrypted entries are permitted, and pass through unscathed. Related External Links zlib for Linux, both shared and static plus headers (RPM format, many architectures) zlib for Solaris (alternate) zlib for macOS (Mac OS X): zlib is already included as part of macOS zlib for Palm Pilot zlib for Newton OS zlib for Windows CE zlib for Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP/2003 (DLL version, plus related utilities) zlib for Windows 9x/NT (DLL and static version) DotNetZip zip file manipulation for .NET, and more (including replacements for the buggy Microsoft GZipStream and DeflateStream classes) zlib for .NET in C# zlib DLL wrapper for .NET in C# Zip for .NET Mark Nelson's ZlibTool article (January 1997) zlib C++ wrapper for the gz* functions. C++ zlib and gzip filters in an iostream framework. zlib 32-bit OCX (C++ source and binaries for use with Visual Basic 4.x or Delphi 2.0) (unsupported VB5 binary also available) DD zlib Delphi 5 interface (includes compiled object files and corresponding C++ Builder 5 project files) DD zlib Perl interface (source code; look for Compress-Zlib*.tar.gz) zlib Python interface (online manual; part of the standard library as of Python 1.5) zlib Tcl interface mkZiplib zlib Haskell interface zlib Java interface (see also JAR format) zlib reimplementation in pure Java (not tested by us, but looks like a good alternative to java.util.zip) DD Mark Nelson's JavaZip article (with source code) (December 1997) Random access for gzip archives, for Java Gilles Vollant's zlib-based mini-zip and mini-unzip (see also Info-ZIP's UnZip, which optionally can be compiled with zlib) DD Scott Ludwig's zlib-based CExe executable compressor for Win32 zlib technical issues, including spec errors zlib information in Japanese zlib information in Russian Real World Scanning and Halftones (second edition includes a section on zlib) Markus Oberhumer's LZO `real-time' data compression library (not tested by us, but looks like a good alternative if you need more speed and less compression) DD lz4, a very fast compression algorithm (not tested by us, but looks like an even better alternative if you need more speed and less compression) DD Zstandard, a better compression algorithm (not tested by us, but appears to be a better alternative to zlib in both dimensions of compression and speed, as well as decompression speed) DD libbzip2 (not tested by us, but looks like a good alternative if you need more compression and less speed) DD PPP Deflate Protocol (RFC 1979) Info-ZIP Home Page Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Home Page gzip Home Page pigz (parallel gzip) Home Page DataCompression.info comp.compression Frequently Asked Questions list Send comments or questions about zlib to the authors at after checking FAQ and manual. Please report broken links to (PGP key). This page last updated December 15th, 2017. Web page copyright #169; 1996-2017 Greg Roelofs, Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. zlib software copyright #169; 1995-2017 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. zlib.org domain name donated by Andrew Green.


text:
Prince George nailed his page boy duties at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal wedding, even going above and beyond by comforting a crying bridesmaid just moments before the ceremony started.
Royal correspondents Emily Andrews and Omid Scobie shared the sweet anecdote about George on a wedding special of On Heir, their royals-themed podcast. The reporters revealed behind-the-scene details and secrets from the big day, including how Prince George looked after two-year-old Zalie Warren, who is Prince Harry's goddaughter and was the youngest member of the bridal party, at the beginning of the ceremony.
There were no tears as the bridesmaids and page boys made their grand entrance into St. George's Chapel. Once there, they waited for the bride to arrive. But then little Zalie started crying and George swooped in to help.
"Poor Zalie Warren had a bit of a meltdown," Andrews revealed in the podcast. "She's only two. She started crying when they were waiting for Meghan. It was only a couple of minutes. So Nanny Maria Borrallo kind of looked after her, and George apparently was trying to comfort her as well, which is very sweet."
As Andrews said, Prince George and Princess Charlotte's nanny, Maria Teresa Turrion Borrallo, was on call to help with the 10 bridesmaids and page boys. Borrallo was photographed holding a crying Zalie during the wedding ceremony.
Luckily, Zalie was a trooper for the rest of the wedding after her moment of tears. She even posed for official wedding portraits after the ceremony-no easy task for a two-year-old!
George's sister also took a leading role in the royal wedding. Princess Charlotte reportedly kept the rest of the wedding party on task, telling the bridesmaids when they were allowed to move forward. "There was one girl who wanted to go and she said, 'No you can't go yet, We have to wait until we are asked,'" a wedding guest told People."She was really organized!"
For more behind-the-scenes scoop from the royal wedding, you can listen to Andrews and Scobie reveal even more details from the wedding on the podcast here. Prince George's sweet gesture is discussed around the 29 minute mark.
Related Video: Prince Harry's Emotional Call with Ex Before His Wedding
For all things royal wedding, from details on Meghan Markle's dress to cute pictures of Prince George and Princess Charlotte, click here. Relive every royal wedding moment at yahoo.com/royalwedding.
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text:
June 15, 2007
Golden Gate Ferry Announces a Community Open House to
Preview the Newly Refurbished M.S. Marin on
Friday, June 22, 2007
Noon - 6:00 pm
Sausalito Ferry Landing
Anchor & Humboldt Avenues
Sausalito, California
The first of Golden Gate Ferry's Spaulding vessels, the M.S. Marin, entered into service on December 11, 1976. After 30 successful years of providing service between Marin and San Francisco counties, the vessel underwent a major rehabilitation of all customer amenities. Please join Golden Gate Ferry for a vessel preview before it returns to service in July 2007.


text: Mining Headgear Hoist Tower Small 303×320 Medium 606×640 Large 970×1024 Download TIFF Original 2273×2400 | (898.6 KB) Description A headgear is a wood or steel frame carrying hoisting ropes commonly used in mining. The towers are located at the mouth shaft. Keywords hoist tower, mining, Mining Headgear Hoist Tower, mining tower Galleries Mining, Towers and Spires Source:


text:
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text:
Getting in
|start a new screen session with session name
|screen -S <name>
|list running sessions/screens
|screen -ls
|attach to a running session
|screen -x
|… to session with name
|screen -r <name>
|the "ultimate attach"
|screen -dRR (Attaches to a screen session. If the session is attached elsewhere, detaches that other display. If no session exists, creates one. If multiple sessions exist, uses the first one.)
|detach a running session
|screen -d <name>
Escape key
All screen commands are prefixed by an escape key, by default C-a (that's Control-a, sometimes written ^a). To send a literal C-a to the programs in screen, use C-a a. This is useful when when working with screen within screen. For example C-a a n will move screen to a new window on the screen within screen.
Getting out
|C-a d
|detach and logout (quick exit)
|C-a D D
|exit screen
|C-a \ Exit all of the programs in screen.
|force-exit screen
|C-a C-\ (not recommended)
Window Management
|create new window
|C-a c
|change to last-visited active window
|C-a C-a (commonly used to flip-flop between two windows)
|change to window by number
|C-a <number> (only for windows 0 to 9)
|change to window by number or name
|C-a ' <number or title>
|change to next window in list
|C-a n or C-a <space>
|change to previous window in list
|C-a p or C-a <backspace>
|see window list
|C-a " (allows you to select a window to change to)
|show window bar
|C-a w (if you don't have window bar)
|close current window
|Close all applications in the current window (including shell)
|kill current window
|C-a k (not recommended)
|kill all windows
|C-a \ (not recommended)
|rename current window
|C-a A
Split screen
|split display horizontally
|C-a S
|split display vertically
|C-a | or C-a V (for the vanilla vertical screen patch)
|jump to next display region
|C-a tab
|remove current region
|C-a X
|remove all regions but the current one
|C-a Q
|send a command to a named session
|screen -S <name> -X <command>
|create a new window and run ping example.com
|screen -S <name> -X screen ping example.com
|stuff characters into the input buffer
using bash to expand a newline character
(from here)
screen -S <name> [-p <page>] -X stuff $'quit\r'
|a full example
# run bash within screen screen -AmdS bash_shell bash # run top within that bash session screen -S bash_shell -p 0 -X stuff $'top\r' # ... some time later # stuff 'q' to tell top to quit screen -S bash_shell -X stuff 'q' # stuff 'exit\n' to exit bash session screen -S bash_shell -X stuff $'exit\r'
|redraw window
|C-a C-l
|enter copy mode
|C-a [ or C-a <esc> (also used for viewing scrollback buffer)
|C-a ]
|monitor window for activity
|C-a M
|monitor window for silence
|C-a _
|enter digraph (for producing non-ASCII characters)
|C-a C-v
|lock (password protect) display
|C-a x
|enter screen command
|C-a :
|enable logging in the screen session
C-a H
Sharing A Screen Session With One Account
If you have two people logged into the same account from remote locations, they can easily share a screen session (so what one types the other sees and vice versa). To do this:
- Create a named screen session:
[devel@rice ~]$ screen -d -m -S dbgwindow
- Attach to the screen session in your terminal window
[devel@rice ~]$ screen -x dbgwindow
- Have the other person (logged into the same account) also attach to the screen session
[devel@rice ~]$ screen -x dbgwindow
- At this point both terminal windows should see the same thing.