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A system and method that provide a hosted application and associated services for encoding, indexing, publishing and searching video media to content owners on a public network. The system and method allow the user interface to be customized and injected into the content-owner's website using dynamic HTML and template-based presentation mechanisms, thereby greatly enhancing the website's branding, advertising, and community building capabilities.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/827,772, filed on Apr. 6, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,222,163), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/195,667, filed Apr. 7, 2000 and titled "INTERACTIVE VIDEO APPLICATION HOSTING." Each of the above-referenced applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 09/828,618 (VIRAGE.030A), filed Apr. 6, 2001 and titled "VIDEO-ENABLED COMMUNITY BUILDING," U.S. application Ser. No. 09/828,507 (VIRAGE.029A), filed Apr. 6, 2001 and titled "VIDEO-ENABLED E-COMMERCE," and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/828,506 (VIRAGE.033A), filed Apr. 6, 2001 and titled "NETWORK VIDEO GUIDE AND SPIDERING," which are all hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the field of accessing and processing digital video on a network such as the Internet. More particularly, the invention relates to providing media content owners the capability to deliver media content to end users as an interactive experience.
2. Description of the Related Technology
A number of techniques have evolved in recent years as the Internet has grown in size and sophistication, including:
The use of web servers and HTML delivery to web browsers.
The use of the application-server model for connecting database information with web pages and interactive interfaces for end users.
The use of dynamically generated HTML that pulls information from a database to dynamically format HTML for delivery to the end user.
The use of a template language to merge database output with pre-formatted HTML presentations.
The use of 'cookies' to track individual user preferences as they interact with the web pages and applications.
These and other related web technologies and techniques are in commonplace use and readily accessible on the Internet.
In addition to the technologies described above, video indexing technology has also emerged, herein referred to as 'video logging'. Video logging is a process that incorporates both automated indexing and manual annotation facilities to create a rich, fine-grained (in a temporal sense) index into a body of video content. The index typically consists of a combination of visual and textual indices that permit time-based searching of video content. The index may incorporate spoken text, speaker identifications, facial identifications, on-screen text, and additional annotations, keywords, and descriptions that may be applied by a human user executing the video logging application. The Virage VideoLogger is one example of this type of video logging technology that is commercially available.
The delivery of streaming media on the Internet requires the encoding of video content into one or more streaming video formats and efficient delivery of that content to the end users. Common streaming formats presently in use include RealVideo, Microsoft Windows Media, QuickTime, and MPEG. The video logging technology may coordinate the encoding of one or more of these formats while the video is being indexed to ensure that the video index is time-synchronized with the encoded content. The final delivery of media content to an end user is typically accomplished with a wide variety of video serving mechanisms and infrastructure. These mechanisms may include basic video servers (such as those from Real, Microsoft, and Apple), caching appliances (such as those from CacheFlow, Network Appliance, Inktomi, and Cicso), and content delivery networks (herein "CDN's", such as those from Akamai, Digital Island, iBeam, and Adero). These types of video serving mechanisms deliver media content to the end user.
Media content owners often wish to offer their content on the Internet for a variety of purposes, including commerce, community building, and to generate revenue through advertising and syndication mechanisms. The delivery of interactive, searchable, and personalized video content (for example video, Flash™, Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language or SMIL, and similar formats, herein collectively referred to as 'video') on the Internet is a difficult task to accomplish for a majority of content owners. It would require significant time and monetary investments in technical infrastructure as well as the expertise of Information Technology ("IT") professionals within the content owner's organization to achieve the desired business goals.
Among the important business criteria for success in this area is that the content owner retains total control over their content. It is beneficial for the content owners to have control over the presentation, delivery, access controls, and editorial-indexing aspects of their content at all times. Therefore, what is needed in the technology is a system whereby a service provider can offer a hosted application and associated services for encoding and indexing video media that achieves the content owner's business goals without requiring the existence of technical infrastructure and expertise within the content owner's own organization.
By using dynamically generated HTML and branded, embedded video player windows, the hosted interactive video application service can deliver the content owner's content to the end users in a seamless fashion, such that the end user does not perceive that they have ever 'left' the content owner's website. These features greatly enhance the content owner's purposes related to website commerce, community building, and generation of revenue through advertising and syndication mechanisms. All of these beneficial criteria are realized by the video application hosting techniques disclosed in the present invention.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a system for hosting of video content over a network, comprising a content owner facility, comprising a content owner network server, and a service facility comprising a video encoding module configured to receive the video content, a video logging module configured to receive the video content and generate an index of the video content, a video application server module configured to receive the index of the video content, and a service facility network server configured to receive the index of the video content and produce electronic templates for use by the content owner network server. The system further comprises a content distribution network configured to receive encoded video from the video encoding module and provide encoded video to a user.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a system for delivering media content services over a network, comprising media content to which a content owner has rights, a content owner facility comprising a content owner network server, and a service facility comprising a video processing module configured to extract metadata from the media content and encode the media content and a hosted video application module configured to provide video elements for display on the content owner facility network site. The system further comprises a content distribution network providing media content to a user.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for hosting of video content over a network, comprising providing video content for video processing, encoding the video content, indexing the video content to generate a video index, providing video elements for incorporation in a content owner network site, and delivering the encoded video to a user via a network.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be better understood by referring to the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings and the associated description are provided to illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The following detailed description of certain embodiments presents various descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways as defined and covered by the claims. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout.
The following provides a number of useful possible definitions of terms used in describing certain embodiments of the disclosed invention.
A network may refer to a network or combination of networks spanning any geographical area, such as a local area network, wide area network, regional network, national network, and/or global network. The Internet is an example of a current global computer network. Those terms may refer to hardwire networks, wireless networks, or a combination of hardwire and wireless networks. Hardwire networks may include, for example, fiber optic lines, cable lines, ISDN lines, copper lines, etc. Wireless networks may include, for example, cellular systems, personal communications service (PCS) systems, satellite communication systems, packet radio systems, and mobile broadband systems. A cellular system may use, for example, code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), personal digital phone (PDC), Global System Mobile (GSM), or frequency division multiple access (FDMA), among others.
A website may refer to one or more interrelated web page files and other files and programs on one or more web servers. The files and programs are accessible over a computer network, such as the Internet, by sending a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) request specifying a uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the location of one of said web page files, wherein the files and programs are owned, managed or authorized by a single business entity. Such files and programs can include, for example, hypertext markup language (HTML) files, common gateway interface (CGI) files, and Java applications. The web page files preferably include a home page file that corresponds to a home page of the website. The home page can serve as a gateway or access point to the remaining files and programs contained within the website. In one embodiment, all of the files and programs are located under, and accessible within, the same network domain as the home page file. Alternatively, the files and programs can be located and accessible through several different network domains.
A web page or electronic page may comprise that which is presented by a standard web browser in response to an HTTP request specifying the URL by which the web page file is identified. A web page can include, for example, text, images, sound, video, and animation.
Content, media content and streaming media content may refer to the delivery of electronic materials such as music, videos, software, books, multimedia presentations, images, and other electronic data, for example over a network to one or more users. Content data will typically be in the form of computer files for video, audio, program, data and other multimedia type content as well as actual physical copies of valuable content, for example CD-ROM, DVD, VCR, audio, TV or radio broadcast signals, streaming audio and video over networks, or other forms of conveying such information. The terms content, media content and streaming media content may be used interchangeably herein.
A computer or computing device may be any processor controlled device that permits access to the Internet, including terminal devices, such as personal computers, workstations, servers, clients, mini-computers, main-frame computers, laptop computers, a network of individual computers, mobile computers, palm-top computers, hand-held computers, set top boxes for a television, other types of web-enabled televisions, interactive kiosks, personal digital assistants, interactive or web-enabled wireless communications devices, mobile web browsers, or a combination thereof. The computers may further possess one or more input devices such as a keyboard, mouse, touch pad, joystick, pen-input-pad, and the like. The computers may also possess an output device, such as a visual display and an audio output. One or more of these computing devices may form a computing environment.
These computers may be uni-processor or multi-processor machines. Additionally, these computers may include an addressable storage medium or computer accessible medium, such as random access memory (RAM), an electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), hard disks, floppy disks, laser disk players, digital video devices, compact disks, video tapes, audio tapes, magnetic recording tracks, electronic networks, and other techniques to transmit or store electronic content such as, by way of example, programs and data. In one embodiment, the computers are equipped with a network communication device such as a network interface card, a modem, or other network connection device suitable for connecting to the communication network. Furthermore, the computers execute an appropriate operating system such as Linux, Unix, any of the versions of Microsoft Windows, Apple MacOS, IBM OS/2 or other operating system. The appropriate operating system may include a communications protocol implementation that handles all incoming and outgoing message traffic passed over the Internet. In other embodiments, while the operating system may differ depending on the type of computer, the operating system will continue to provide the appropriate communications protocols to establish communication links with the Internet.
The computers may contain program logic, or other substrate configuration representing data and instructions, which cause the computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner, as described herein. In one embodiment, the program logic may be implemented as one or more object frameworks or modules. These modules may be configured to reside on the addressable storage medium and configured to execute on one or more processors. The modules include, but are not limited to, software or hardware components that perform certain tasks. Thus, a module may include, by way of example, components, such as, software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.
The various components of the system may communicate with each other and other components comprising the respective computers through mechanisms such as, by way of example, interprocess communication, remote procedure call, distributed object interfaces, and other various program interfaces. Furthermore, the functionality provided for in the components, modules, and databases may be combined into fewer components, modules, or databases or further separated into additional components, modules, or databases. Additionally, the components, modules, and databases may be implemented to execute on one or more computers. In another embodiment, some of the components, modules, and databases may be implemented to execute on one or more computers external to the website. In this instance, the website includes program logic, which enables the website to communicate with the externally implemented components, modules, and databases to perform the functions as disclosed herein.
Certain Innovative Aspects
One embodiment of the present system and method includes techniques whereby indexing, encoding, publishing, and searching of video is provided as a service to content owners on the Internet. A search application allows the user interface to be customized and injected into the content-owner's website using dynamic HTML and template-based presentation mechanisms. In this way, the video content and search/retrieval interface appears to be a seamless part of the content owner's website. The content owner may thereby integrate easily publishable and searchable video with opportunities to tie advertising and e-commerce transactions to the video content, thereby enhancing the value of their website. In addition, by allowing the user access to the video services described herein without having to leave the content owner's website, the time on the website is increased, also enhancing the website's value.
The content owner may provide content to the service facility for processing via many media sources, including, but not limited to, tape, cable, satellite, or digital files. The content may be encoded or transcoded into various video formats, for example, Real, Windows Media, or QuickTime, and indexed. Indexing may be performed using a video logging application, such as the Virage VideoLogger, that analyzes the video signal to extract metadata. Metadata is not the video data itself, but instead is data that is derived by processing performed on the video, audio, or closed caption inputs using advanced media analysis algorithms. Human operators may add additional editorial information through a process commonly referred to as 'clip marking'. The result is an index of the visual, audio, and textual elements of the video content, synchronized with the corresponding streaming video.
In one embodiment, the video index is loaded into a video index database by a video application server, where it becomes part of a database of video content. The encoded video is similarly loaded onto a video server, where the video application injects interactive video elements into the content owner's website through the use of templates and web page component URLs. Interactive video elements typically include the simple clip publishing elements, search forms, results pages, video player windows, or other potential features, for example a 'favorites' window or personalization capabilities. The final web page that an end user sees may therefore be a composite of graphical and text elements being served by various servers, and may include the content owner's web server. This interaction of various servers is not noticeable to an end user. The video search application hosting is therefore nearly indiscernible to the end user, appearing to be part of the content owner's website.
In one embodiment, the interactive video becomes part of the content owner's website, not a separate web destination. This enhances website value in the form of branding, community building, and e-commerce within the content owner's site. The content owner does not incur the significant costs of developing information technology infrastructure or building in-house video processing expertise. Instead, they are able to purchase this capability as a service at a lower cost and in a shorter amount of time. Additionally, the content owner is able to retain complete control over the presentation, delivery, and access to their content, paramount for the ultimate business success of such an endeavor. Content owners are typically highly reluctant to delegate any of this type of control to a third party. One innovative aspect of the present system and method is therefore the ability to provide remote, web-based interfaces that allow content owners to access and modify the template mechanism for the presentation of their content, and the ability to define guidelines and remotely edit the video index metadata according to their own editorial policies.
In certain embodiments, the interactive video application hosting aspect of the present system and method is delivered via a persistent application server (herein referred to as the Video Application Server, or "VAS"). The VAS may share many common features with standard web-based application servers, namely, interfacing with an off-the-shelf web server, for example Apache, Netscape, or Microsoft Internet Information Server, and providing application logic that delivers the desired experience and end-user interface through a standard HTML web browser.
One innovative aspect of the VAS as it relates to the present system and method is the ability to interface with video logging applications to receive and process video metadata and manage a video index on behalf of the content owner. A single VAS server can organize, manage, and administer multiple video indices for multiple content owners using a multi-level 'account' and 'view' structure, which separates the actual content from the presentation of that content. This innovation of separation and account management enables the hosting of the video application for multiple content owners from a single network operating facility, and enhances the overall scalability of the hosted-application framework and delivery model. Separation of content and presentation is also a desirable aspect for syndication business models that allow the same content to be delivered through a wide variety of user interfaces, each one specific to a given website and containing unique layout, advertising, commerce, and personalization capabilities.
Another innovative aspect of this embodiment of the VAS is its ability to publish, search, and provide an interactive video experience for the end user through the use of a specialized template language that is designed specifically for the needs of web-based video. While template languages have been widely used for dynamic HTML presentation, the VAS template language contains novel capabilities that specifically allow video content to be published, searched, and rendered in a manner that is customized for a particular site or use of the content. This includes, but is not limited to, advertising opportunities, integration with traditional web content presentations, e-commerce features tied directly to the video content, and personalization of video content. As an example, an end user who is a Chicago Bulls fan may be presented with Bulls video highlights, along with advertising for an upcoming game and an opportunity to purchase a team poster. These capabilities emerge from the combined mechanisms of a rich video index, content-based targeting of advertising and commerce, and traditional web-based delivery and streaming techniques.
The server computers 108, 110, and the user device 115 may each have any conventional general purpose single- or multi-chip microprocessor, for example a Pentium processor, a Pentium Pro processor, a MIPS processor, a Power PC processor, an ALPHA processor, or other general purpose processors. In addition, the microprocessor may be any conventional special purpose microprocessor such as a digital signal processor or a graphics processor. Additionally, the server computers 108, 110 and the user device 115 may be desktop, server, portable, hand-held, set-top, or other desired type of computing device. Furthermore, the server computers 108, 110 and the user device 115 each may be used in connection with various operating systems, including, for example, UNIX, LINUX, Disk Operating System (DOS), VxWorks, PalmOS, OS/2, Mac OS, a version of Microsoft Windows, or other operating system.
The server computers 108, 110 and the user device 115 may each include a network terminal equipped with a video display, keyboard and pointing device. In one embodiment of the network configuration 100, the user device 115 includes a network browser 120 used to access the server computers 108, 110. The network browser 120 may be, for example, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. The user 102 at the user device 115 may utilize the browser 120 to remotely access the server program using a keyboard and/or pointing device and a visual display, such as a monitor 118. Although
The network 116 may be any type of electronic transmission medium, for example, including but not limited to the following networks: a virtual private network, a public Internet, a private Internet, a secure Internet, a private network, a public network, a value-added network, an intranet, or a wireless gateway. The term "virtual private network" refers to a secure and encrypted communications link between nodes on the Internet, a Wide Area Network (WAN), Intranet, or any other network transmission means.
In addition, the connectivity to the network 116 may be via, for example, a modem, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token Ring (IEEE 802.5), Fiber Distributed Datalink Interface (FDDI), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), or other form of network connectivity. The user device 115 may connect to the network 116 by use of a modem or by use of a network interface card that resides in the user device 115. The server computers 108 may be connected via a wide area network 106 to a network gateway 104, which provides access to the wide area network 106 via a high-speed, dedicated data circuit.
As would be understood by one skilled in the technology, devices other than the hardware configurations described above may be used to communicate with the server computers 108, 110. If the server computers 108, 110 are equipped with voice recognition or Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) hardware, the user 102 may communicate with the server computers by use of a telephone 124. The telephone may optionally be equipped with a browser 120 and display screen. Other examples of connection devices for communicating with the server computers 108, 110 include a portable personal computer (PC) 126 or a personal digital assistant (PDA) device with a modem or wireless connection interface, a cable interface device 128 connected to a visual display 130, or a satellite dish 132 connected to a satellite receiver 134 and a television 136. Still other methods of allowing communication between the user 102 and the server computers 108, 110 are additionally contemplated by this application.
Additionally, the server computers 108, 110 and the user device 115 may be located in different rooms, buildings or complexes. Moreover, the server computers 108, 110 and the user device 115 could be located in different geographical locations, for example in different cities, states or countries. This geographic flexibility which networked communications allows is additionally within the contemplation of this application.
The system architecture 200 additionally includes a content owner facility 220. The content owner facility 220 may include media content 224 for transferring to the video processing module 214 as shown in
The following paragraphs provide a description of the operation of an embodiment of the system architecture 200 of
In one embodiment, content 224 that is originally in analog form is encoded into a digital format in such a way that the time synchronization between the metadata and the encoded video is accurate, as is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/134,497, filed Aug. 14, 1998 and titled "VIDEO CATALOGER SYSTEM WITH SYNCHRONIZED ENCODERS," which is hereby incorporated by reference. Content 224 that is originally in digital form, typically a high-resolution format, is transcoded into an appropriate format for delivery. Typically, video content 224 is encoded in multiple formats (for example RealVideo, Microsoft Windows Media, Quicktime, or MPEG) and bit rates (for example modem speed or broadband speed) to offer end users 102 a choice, often depending on individual preferences or Internet connection bandwidth. The resulting digital video files from either encoding or transcoding are uploaded to the content distribution network 240, which delivers the actual encoded video for display to the end user 102. Once the end user 102 selects an actual segment of video content 224 to view, the appropriate video is transferred from the content distribution network 240 to the end user's browser for display via the Internet 116.
In one embodiment, the content owner facility 220 includes the media content 224 as described above. The content owner facility 220 additionally includes a server administration module 326 communicating with the service facility web server 314. The content owner facility 220 further includes the content owner web server 228, which accesses web pages 332 and a search form 334 via the Internet 116. Each web page 332 may depict a plurality of pages rendered by various web servers. The search form 334 allows user selection of arbitrary search criteria of video content on the content owner website, and the search criteria are communicated to the service facility web server 314. Further provided via the Internet 116 are results data 338, which are generated by the service facility web server 314. Also accessible via the Internet 116 is a video player 336, which receives encoded video from the content distribution network 240.
The following paragraphs provide a description of the operation of one embodiment of the architecture 300 shown in
In a further embodiment, regardless of its original form, the content 224 is processed by the video logging module 306 to extract index data, for example keyframes, closed-caption text, speaker identifications, facial identifications, or other index data. The content 224 may additionally undergo processing by the video editorial module 308, whereby humans may elect to label the content 224 by providing annotations, descriptions, keywords, or other labeling or marking information. The index and annotation information is transferred to the video application server 312, which hosts publishing, search, retrieve, browse, or other related video services. The video application server 312 may maintain the metadata in the video index 316. The video application server 312 provides the above-described video services to the content owner web server 228 for incorporation in the content owner's web pages 332 via the template mechanism described above.
The architecture 400 additionally includes an administration editing module 430, which generates and manages display pages 318, typically web pages, for server administration, metadata editing, template manipulation, and batch processing. Batch processing may be accomplished for insertion processes, deletion or 'aging' processes, metadata editing, or for automated performance of other tasks as well. The administration editing module 430 communicates with the video application server 312 and web server 314, and updates various template 424 configurations. The administration editing module 430 further allows system administrators to manage the video application server 312, including, for example, index management, asset management, editing, and startup and shutdown control. The architecture 400 additionally includes a search results rendering module 420, which communicates with the video application server 312 and the web server 314, as well as receiving template 424 configurations for dynamically-generating search results data 338.
At the completion of either the analog processing at block 530 or the digital processing at block 540, process 500 advances to a video editorial stage 550, which provides content owners the capability to direct or perform editorial functions on the processed video. At this stage 550, the content owner at the content owner facility 220 may provide guidelines to further annotate, describe, and clip mark the video by accessing and augmenting the baseline video index. Such annotation may by added by an automated tool such as the video logging module 306, a human operator using an editorial tool such as a metadata editor software module, or other annotation mechanism. The guidelines provided will typically vary among different content owners, but may include, for example, assigning keywords from a controlled vocabulary, creating clip summaries, providing categories or classifications from a list provided by the content owner, or any number of other marks or text that might be added. An upload metadata stage 560 uploads video indexes in final form via a network connection to the video application server 312 for access by end users 102. In a further embodiment, the application server 312 is located in a hosting facility providing robust and redundant power and network connections to the Internet 116. At block 570, an upload digital files to CDN stage uploads digital video files to the content distribution network 240 for efficient access by end users 102.
In the case where the user 102 is navigating on the website to published video, at block 640 the video is manifested by displaying any of the video metadata available about that piece of video, for example, keyframes, transcript, title, description, or other metadata. Advancing to block 646, the end user 102 accesses published video by selecting the desired video metadata displayed at block 640.
In the alternate case where the end user 102 accesses a page containing a search form 334, at block 650 the search interface is served by the video application server 312, and other page elements are served as described below. Continuing at block 652, the user 102 may then issue a query to search for video by typing in keywords to the search form 334, or by selecting options from pull-down menus or category selections. At block 654, the query is issued to the application server 312, which processes the query to identify video clips that match the query. The end user 102 is presented with the query results 338 on a portion of a new web page 332 (as will be shown in
At block 656, the user 102 may select to access a specific video by selecting a desired HTML link in the search results web page 332. At block 660, the accessed video information is served by the video application server 312 using dynamic HTML injection into the web page 332. All other elements forming the web page 332 are served by the content owner's own web server 228, or other sources such as ad servers or caching edge-network servers. The resulting web pages 332 seen by the end user 102 are complete HTML web pages containing information from all of these sources, and in particular, the video metadata elements that describe the published video and which provide links to actually access the video.
The end user 102 ultimately makes a video clip selection, whether published video or video search results, that they wish to actually view. Video clip selection may be invoked in a number of ways, for example clicking on a keyframe, a title, or part of a transcript, as will be shown in reference to
As described herein, the invention fills the longstanding need in the technology of a system whereby a service provider can offer a hosted application and associated services for encoding and indexing video media that achieve the content owner's business goals without requiring the existence of technical infrastructure and expertise within the content owner's own organization. While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
1. A system for delivering media content services over a computer network, the system comprising:
- media content to which a content owner has rights;
- a content owner facility comprising a content owner network server;
- a service facility comprising: a video encoding module configured to receive the video content; a video logging module configured to receive the video content and generate an index of the video content; a video application server module configured to receive the index of the video content; and a service facility network server configured to receive the index of the video content and produce electronic templates for use by the content owner network server; and
- a content distribution network configured to receive encoded video from the video encoding module and provide encoded video to a user.
Patent History
Type: Application
Filed: May 22, 2007
Publication Date: Jan 31, 2008
Patent Grant number: 7769827
Applicant: Virage, Inc. (San Franciso, CA)
Inventors: David Girouard (San Francisco, CA), Bradley Horowitz (San Mateo, CA), Richard Humphrey (San Mateo, CA), Charles Fuller (Foster City, CA)
Application Number: 11/752,206
International Classification: G06F 15/16 (20060101);


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There is a good chance that a forex brokers list is included with certain types of web-based or downloadable forex trading software you may use. The goal of providing this information is to help you make as educated of a decision about trading as possible.
A brokers list helps you make a decision about who would be the best possible firm with which to conduct your forex trading business. It helps you make a decision regarding who to conduct business with based on a variety of attributes.
Information that you can obtain from broker's lists include as follows:
- You might be able to find out whether they offer live customer service help or not. You should only deal with firms that are happy to help you when you need it.
- You might find out a little bit about a firm by what other investors and traders say about it. This info is found in reviews and comments made by foreign currency traders who dealt with specific firms.
- It helps if the broker you choose offers some type of charting software. Find this out as you view various brokers' lists. This often is provided free of charge, and you are encouraged to seek out the firms that indicate this possibility.
- Comparison charts provided with information about various trading firms most likely also will indicate how much of a deposit is required. You can compare minimum deposits required and find a broker that requires as low of a minimum deposit as possible. Usually the lowest minimum deposit required by a reputable company would be about $250.00. The highest would be in the tens of thousands of dollars.
- When seeking information about qualified firms with whom you hope to trade, you may need to seek out account types. Some brokers may allow you to trade micro or mini-lots which average between $.1 and $1.00 per pip (percentage in point, which is the smallest forex price increment).
- As you seek info about attributes of different trading firms, check out the advantage offered. The higher the advantage, the less the risk. This pertains to how much you would lose compared to how much you would invest.
- You may choose a particular firm with who to trade based on spreads. According to the advice of some experts, you would ideally want to work with a broker who offers spreads of about 2 to 3 pips, depending upon which shares are traded. You can in some cases go as high as 4 pips, but you are usually never advised to go any higher than that.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I love Christmas, I love making gifts for my family and all of the holiday crafts.
One of my favourite holiday traditions is making Christmas cards for my family and friends. This year I wanted to try something different. I love wrapping paper all the different colours textures and designs. This year I decided I would design my own.
You will need:
Paper – I used brown wrapping parcel paper as it is cheap and widely available and fitted with my theme. You could use also a roll of lining paper for your design.
Ink – The Range have a fantastic craft section with beautiful ink pads in loads of different colours. I used these as they dry quickly so you are not waiting for each section to dry before moving on.
Festive Stamps – Again you can use any stamps for your design. I got these clear stamps from The Works for £1. I used them to make my Christmas Cards and have put them away safely in my craft box for next year.
You can either plan your design or just go wild, I decided to use 2 different stamps, one with white ink and on with gold. I then stamped the full roll with my first stamp.
I randomly stamped this bauble print all over. I found it easier to work at my desk moving the paper down to the floor. Once I stamped the whole roll with my first stamp I rolled it up and started again with stamp number 2.
I filled in the gaps, again I just randomly stamped the paper. It was great fun. Don't forget to stamp the edges too not just the middle of the roll.
Sorry for the next picture, I wanted to show you a present all wrapped up, but the light isn't great for taking photos. I'm pleased with the end result. If your not very creative or crafty it doesn't matter there is no right or wrong way to do this. It is a great project to do with kids too. You could use felt tips and stencils, you are only limited by your imagination.
I hope you like this project. Let me know what you think. x


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The TNM staging system that is used for most forms of cancer has four classifications, with stage 4 designating the most serious or advanced form of the disease. Small cell lung cancer which comprises 15% – 20% of all lung cancer cases, has a simplified two-stage system that is usually employed, but can be matched up with the more widespread four stage system.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been linked to asbestos exposure and to smoking, two traits that it has in common with the more widely known asbestos cancer, mesothelioma. The two diseases also share other characteristics: they can be aggressive, fast-moving diseases and they are most often diagnosed well after the cancer has begun to grow and spread. SCLC in particular is known for its rapid spread; over two thirds of all cases are not diagnosed until they have reached the advanced stage four category. Because it is so rarely diagnosed early SCLC is staged with a simplified classification system using just two categories: limited and extensive.
Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer
The advanced stage of SCLC is termed extensive. As with stage four cancer designation, extensive small cell lung cancer has metastasized to distant parts of the body. It gets into the lymph system early in its development, which is how it spreads so rapidly. Many cases of SCLC are diagnosed at the extensive stage because the disease does not exhibit any of the normal lung cancer symptoms until it has spread beyond the lungs. Along with the lymph system extensive SCLC may be found in the liver, the chest wall, the outer lining of the lungs (where mesothelioma usually develops) and in the cranium. The migration to the skull is common enough that some oncologists will irradiate the area even if there is no current evidence of malignancy there.
Stage 4 Lung Cancer Definition
While the first three stages of this protocol have subsets (2A, 2B, 3A, 3b, etc.) there is no such subdivision for stage four lung cancer. For non-small cell lung cancer stage four means one or more of the following: the disease has moved into both lungs; there are malignant cells in the fluid surrounding the lungs, or the fluid surrounding the heart; or the tumor may be any size and may not be in the nearby lymph nodes but has migrated to distant parts of the body such as the liver or brain. The same applies to SCLC, except that it almost always has found its way into the lymph system via the nodes that are in the chest cavity.
Stage 4 SCLC Treatment
Surgery is rarely employed with small cell lung cancer because it is not often diagnosed early enough that surgical removal of the malignant tissue is a realistic possibility. However SCLC is unique among lung cancers in that it is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment. Both are very effective. For that reason the treatment protocol for small cell lung cancer is usually the same at all four stages, employing some combination of chemotherapy and radiation. However despite the powerful effect that these therapies can have on SCLC the disease almost always returns within two years, often in just a matter of months.


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Dallas Mavericks' Nelson, Harris Ejected
Dallas Mavericks coach Don Nelson was ejected late in the first quarter of Wednesday night's Game 2 of the Western Conference finals against the San Antonio Spurs.
And with about two minutes left in the first half, Mavericks assistant Del Harris was thrown out of the game for walking to the baseline near the Dallas basket to shout at referee Joe Crawford in a game that saw seven technicals called in the first two quarters. Crawford also ejected Nelson.
Dallas was trailing 63-36 when Harris was ejected and San Antonio led 69-44 at halftime.
Crawford hit Nelson with two technical fouls in a matter of seconds after the coach argued a foul call against Dallas forward Raef LaFrentz with 2:46 left in the quarter.
LaFrentz was called for a foul on San Antonio's Tim Duncan, the eighth foul against Dallas. Only three had been called on San Antonio.
Dallas assistant Donnie Nelson, Nelson's son, took over coaching duties after his father walked off the floor.
The technicals were the second and third of the game called by Crawford. The first was called on Dallas forward Dirk Nowitzki about four minutes earlier.
Following Nelson's ejection, technical fouls were called on Mavericks guard Nick Van Exel and Spurs forward Bruce Bowen.
After Harris left the floor, a technical foul was called on Spurs center Kevin Willis.


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THE devastated family of a popular Lye dad who was killed in an horrific car crash have told how they have been left "lost in grief on an unprecedented scale".
Dad-of-three Mohammed Shakeel had been driving his 18-year-old son Mohammed Sohail to a job interview when they were hit by another car on a country road at Frankley Green, near the M5.
Mr Shakeel, aged 41, of Vicarage Road, was taken to hospital after the crash on November 4 but later died.
His son Sohail has only recently been released from hospital but is currently unable to walk and faces a long road to recovery after suffering "horrifying injuries" in the two-car smash in which a five-year-old boy from Birmingham also died.
The teenager spent a fortnight in critical care and was too unwell to attend the funeral of his beloved father.
His relatives have told how they were unable to tell him for five weeks that his devoted dad had died after the crash for fear it would crush his recovery.
Mr Shakeel's niece Kirren Shehzadi said: "Sohail is slowly recovering from the horrifying injuries he attained from the car accident but he has a long road of recovery ahead of him. It has been difficult as a family to witness him endure the agony and discomfort he has had to face.
"He has been left absolutely devastated after learning his father did not survive."
She described taxi driver and business owner Mr Shakeel, who had recently opened Maison De La Beautee hair and cosmetics shop in Brierley Hill High Street, as "a devoted family man who has been taken away from his family and friends too soon" and she said: "Our hearts will never recover from the anguish and hurt we are suffering.
"He was deeply loved by everyone he encountered. He was full of life and always smiling.
"He went above and beyond to help any individual in need; he devoted his life to his wife, children, and family."
She said there has been a small comfort in "knowing that in his final journey he was completing his parental duties which is what gave him the most pleasure".
But she said: "We are a family lost in grief on an unprecedented scale; there are no words to define the loss and devastation; our world was fragmented in an imaginable way."
Usman Ahmed, Mr Shakeel's heartbroken 16-year-old son who has had to quit college to run the family business, said: "My father had a heart of gold and taught me that life is to be lived in kind and caring means.
"He was the greatest father a child could ask for; he worked very hard to ensure he provided for our needs and more. I love and miss my father very much, I wish he could have witnessed me and my two siblings achieve our dreams and progress into adulthood."
The family say thousands of people from across the world have visited Mr Shakeel's home to pay their respects since his tragic death and Kirren said: "The imam leading the funeral in England said it was one of the largest funerals to be witnessed in 50 years, his funeral in Pakistan was also one of the largest to be witnessed; this speaks volumes about his beautiful nature and popularity."
She praised the efforts of the emergency response teams and the "extremely compassionate" staff at Birmingham's Queen Elizabeth Hospital for their help following the incident which involved a Kia Ceed and a white Peugeot Expert which was being driven by Mr Shakeel - who also left a wife Gazala, aged 46, and daughter Anneasa, aged 14.
West Mercia and Warwickshire Police continue to appeal for witnesses to the crash in Ravenhayes Lane, in which a 35-year-old woman and 40-year-old man were also injured.
A nine-week old baby was also in the grey Kia at the time but was unhurt.
Anyone with information is urged to call police on 101, quoting incident number 300s of 4 November.


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"We connect people with the entertainment industry"
The 4th Annual, September 23, 2017
The Hollywood Weekly Magazine Film Festival, an exciting, relatively new, international film festival in Hollywood, is unique in many ways. Chief among them the fact that a Swedish talent and management company, IMA Content, with Maria Vascsak at the helm, exclusively and seamlessly produced the event this year. Quite a feat as this young, loud and hungry agency has its headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden.
Visitors streamed in from all over the globe for the gala evening, it was this young festival's fourth year in town and proved to be a glamorous and star studded event.
Established and new talent alike donned their red carpet best and rubbed elbows with industry heavy weights this September 23rd at Raleigh Studios in Hollywood. As the longest continuously operating studio in the country, Raleigh Studios has played a central role in creating and supporting the modern entertainment industry. Over the years, the studio has thrived because of its commitment to providing both the highest levels of studio service and the most advanced production technology.
The evening was perfect; the studio lot filled to capacity with talent and beauty, the drinks chilled and the conversations and deals made are sure to be readily available on a screen near you in the not too distant future.
click to read...
"OPUS OF AN ANGEL in connection with Junior Blind Of America screens at
Hollywood Weekly Magazine Film Festival with special invited guest STEVIE WONDER"
OPUS OF AN ANGEL by AZ Films in connection with JUNIOR BLIND OF AMERICA which has Stevie Wonder on its Board of Directors.
STORY: "When a suicidal man finds a blind girl lost and wandering the streets of LA, he is torn between getting her home safely and keeping his appointment with death"
"We are extremely excited to be able to showcase this visual story at the Hollywood Weekly Film Festival. Beyond wanting to create a touching and visually striking story, that will captivate audiences around the world, our goal for this project was also to show that the blind are wonderful functioning members of society, not to be disregarded. Kaylynn Kubeldis, who plays the leading role of Maria, not only gave a moving performance, she touched everyone in the project deeply with her wonderful outlook on life".
- Ali Zamani, Director / Zeus Zamani, Executive Producer
- BEST DIRECTOR - Ahmet Karaman, Dad where are you I'm lost
- BEST WRITER - Matt Olmsteadt, The Circle
- BEST CINEMATOGRAPHER - Claudio Miranda, The Circle
- BEST EDIT - Michael Jablow, Chasing Titles Vol.1
- BEST SOUND - Federico Vaona, The Mason Brothers
- BEST CASTING DIRECTOR - Nancy Yalley, Opus Of An Angel
- BEST FEMALE LEAD - Moa Malan, Storm
- BEST MALE LEAD - William Mcnmara, Opus Of An Angel
- FEATURE FILM - The Mason Brothers
- SHORT FILM - Chasing Titles 1
- HOLLYWOOD WEEKLY MAGAZINE FLM FESTIVAL IMAGE AWARD -Stevie Wonder and The Junior Blind of America HOLLYWOOD WEEKLY MAGAZINE FILM FESTIVAL RISING STAR - Kaylynn Kubeldis, Opus of an Angel
Hosts for the evening
Mikael Spreitz & Angelika Roberts
Photo: Daniel Gual, TheHead.se
Scandinavian Actor MIKAEL SPREITZ
Mikael Spreitz has a multifaceted career, on his resume he can write actor, television personality, bodyguard and special lecturer.
Spreitz is well known for The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest and The Girl Who Played with Fire where he portrayed Ronald Niederman.
Spreitz has a background as a martial artist competing for Sweden, multiple swedish champion and silver medalist at the European championship in 1985.
In 2013 Spreitz founded Fighterhjälpen , a non-profit charity foundation that supports children with cancer.
Scandinavian Actress ANGELIKA ROBERTS
Angelika Roberts is a graduate of The Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York, Roberts continued her education in Los Angeles with renowned teachers; Barry Papick (who coached Sean Connery, Jamie Foxx, Lindsey Lohan to name a few), Jeraldin Baron and Susan Peretz.
Roberts has appeared in Swedish TV-series and feature films and she has starred in many short films, industrials and commercials.
Past productions on stage include works of Shakespeare, Strindberg, Oscar Wilde and her own pieces. Roberts has starred or co-starred in numerous very popular open-air summer theater productions and children's theatre.
Roberts is well known for Zero Tolerance and "Den Utvalda" among several other Swedish TV –series and stage performances as well as her work at The Drew Carey Show in Los Angeles.
The Hollywood Weekly Magazine Film Festival is an exciting, relatively new, international film festival in Hollywood that is unique in many ways. With visitors streaming in from all over the globe and tickets already sold for the gala evening, this young festival's fourth year in town is proving to be a glamorous and star studded event. Established and new talent alike will be donning their red carpet best and rubbing elbows with industry heavy weights on September 23rd.
The festival being created was inevitable. Mr Prather Jackson's more than 20 years in the business with Hollywood Weekly Magazine, connecting people from all over the world, led him to establish this annual event. It has quickly become one of the largest, most international, networking scenes around. During one intense gala evening in the fall films are selected from an enormous amount of submissions and presented at the festival. Winners will be picked and lauded.
The Hollywood Weekly Film Festival is constantly working on strengthening relationships with the industry in the US as well as in countries worldwide to make it even more of a natural international meeting place for them and the movie goers. By sponsoring this fresh, new and unique event, you will be supporting a rich cultural life, not just in Hollywood, but also from a national and international perspective. Your support not only strengthens cultural activities but also contributes to a competitive region to live and work in.
IMA Content, a Scandinavian Talent Management/Production Agency based in Stockholm, Sweden, with established clients there as well as in Los Angeles and New York, saw the incredible potential of networking through Hollywood Weekly Magazine and The Hollywood Weekly Film Festival early on. The extraordinary synergy between these entities has been lucrative on many levels. So much so that the main hosts chosen for the event, Mikael Spreitz from The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo trilogy and Angelika Roberts with past productions on stage including works of Shakespeare, Strindberg and Oscar Wilde, are clients of IMA Content. Spreitz based in LA and Roberts in Stockholm, Sweden
The festival's audience is an attractive and affluent one that comes back year after year to enjoy the festivities and networking. During this Gala evening, the opportunity is given for companies and organizations to participate in order to strengthen relationships, meet new customers and partners. The audience is broad because, as we know, film is something that appeals to and touches most people one way or another. The festival offers businesses to be associated with strong brands within the entertainment- and cultural industry.
Panel Moderator
Newton Lee
Newton Lee is an author, educator, and futurist. He is the president of the 501(c)(3) nonprofit Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships; and an adjunct professor of Applied Computer Science at Woodbury University. He was the founder of Disney Online Technology Forum, creator of AT&T Bell Labs' first-ever commercial artificial intelligence tool, and inventor of the world's first annotated multimedia OPAC for the U.S. National Agricultural Library. His 108 publications are in more than 3,900 library holdings worldwide.
Social Media
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3rd Annual Film Festival
Opening Trailer
Hollywood Weekly Magazine
+1 (917) 717 9091
8345 Reseda Blvd. Suite 108 Northridge, California 91324 United States
Contact Us
All filmmakers who submit to Hollywood Weekly Magazine Film Festival consent to have Hollywood Weekly Magazine, LLC solicit distribution, sales and other opportunities to help promote each film sent to our festival. All winning entries will be invited to participate in HWMFF's online platform. In addition, filmmakers are invited to purchase advertising space in Hollywood Weekly Magazine to gain additional exposure for their films.
All submissions sent on DVDs, including additional marketing materials, posters and press kits sent to Hollywood Weekly are non-returnable.


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I'm sitting at my desk, going through my morning routine of checking out people.com for my daily dose of celebreality, when the little window pops up on my yahoo messenger showing that someone has requested to add me to their messenger friends.
I know I put my messenger ID on POF and Okcupid for people to be able to talk to me, but you can message someone without adding them as a friend. It's called a 'friend' for a reason. The people who are on my messenger are people I don't mind talking to on a regular or at least some what regular basis. It may just be me but I think it's kind of rude to just go adding people without asking them first if they mind.
So anyway - here's the very brief and spastic conversation that proceeded. Once again I've changed the userid to protect the privacy of the fella involved.
Overeager Boy: hey i saw you on pof i was gonna send a message but i live further than 75 miles
Overeager Boy: i am 29/m/troy,al no kids never been married
Dmpl Grl: Good morning
Overeager Boy: sorry to bother you i see you at work i hope we can tlk ltr
Overeager Boy: good morning
Dmpl Grl: no bother lol I don't actually do much "work" at work
Overeager Boy: hahaha well i sometimes go to my brothers shop but its bout to go outta business so i am lookin for other job as well
Overeager Boy: just so you know i live with my father at this time tryin to get a loan and money for a car i was goin out with a girl things didnt work out
Overeager Boy: so now i live here and my car was fallin to pieces in stopped runnin but i know this sounds bad
Overeager Boy: im a good guy
Overeager Boy: lol
Overeager Boy: i justs want someone to give all my love too
Overeager Boy: so tell me bout you
Dmpl Grl: wow slow down tiger lol
Overeager Boy: lol
Overeager Boy: coffee
Overeager Boy: lol
Overeager Boy:
Overeager Boy:
Overeager Boy: well you gonna be on i am doin laundry bout to get a shower maybe we can tlk ltr i would like tht
Dmpl Grl: I leave my messenger on while I'm at work most of the time - I'm never on after work
Overeager Boy: have a great oh
Overeager Boy: well i want to tlk to you
Overeager Boy: ahh can i call you
Overeager Boy: i live hours away from mobile i have a internet phone
reason i am askin its free
Overeager Boy: for me
Dmpl Grl: I'm sorry I don't give out my number until I've talked to someone online for quite some time
Overeager Boy: yeha thts cool i didnt mean it like tht im just gettin off of
here maybe we can tlk ltr ok take care have a great day but i have to go check clothes ttyl be good i will be back ltr cause i want to tlk and you a pretty woman
Overeager Boy:
Dmpl Grl: I think you may be just a little too hyper for me. Thank you though for the compliment. Have a good day!
Overeager Boy: no i have been up all night went with a friend to work at this motel i havent slept since sunday night but i am about to go to bed after i get a shower im sorry i didnt mean to come across tht way hopefully we can tlk ltr i have made a ass outta myself take care
Overeager Boy:
I mean seriously. Is meeting a nice, intelligent, decent, calm guy, that I'm attracted to asking too much?
My online-dating coach and self-professed One Date Wonder, Jane Wonder says that I'm not giving guys a fair chance. That maybe because of the thing with PT, I may be holding myself back.
I've gone on one date with another guy since the 'best first last date ever' with PT and while he was really nice and cute, there was just no attraction for me. He didn't talk much, was too shy and I just really wasn't into him. I've met another guy who I still talk to and will continue to be friends with, but there's no attraction with him either. There's a 3rd guy who I've been talking to in email and text, yet again -no attraction on my part.
Then there's the Persistent Puerto Rican who I'll blog about after this - but attraction or no I'm not going there!
I know everything happens for a reason, but I'm having a really hard time understanding why, after 5 years, out of all the guys I meet when I finally decide to start dating, the one I really like would have to be the one who wasn't looking for a relationship and is moving across the world in 3 weeks. :(


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Official Press Release
Beginning in April 2004, Oni Press will be kick off a brand-new series of fantasy-themed graphic novels, ONCE IN A BLUE MOON. Written by Nunzio DeFilippis & Christina Weir (SKINWALKER, NEW MUTANTS) and illustrated by Jennifer Quick, the series bends the bounds of reality, chronicling the adventures of Aeslin Finn, a young girl who finds a doorway into a strange and magical world.
"We've always been fans of epics," Weir said. "We like big stories that take the reader across a terrain that is fantastic and varied. We like books that make you excited and make you a part of the experience. When looking at working in the genre, we decided to try our hand at one of those stories that takes that metaphor to heart, a story about a heroine who sets out on her quest by entering this wonderful new place through the pages of a book!"
"Most of us grew up with a special place for THE NEVERENDING STORY," Oni Press editor James Lucas Jones explained, "and these days, I know a lot of people who can't wait for the next volume of FUSHIGI YUGI. Readers entering the story they're reading is a device that has stood the test of time and has become a subgenre unto itself. With the success of the books and movies of HARRY POTTER and the LORD OF THE RINGS trilogy, fantasy is more popular than ever. And since Nunzio, Christina, and Jen are all big fans of those franchises, it was only a matter of time before they tossed a book like this our way."
Aeslin Finn had a magical childhood-a nice house, two loving parents, and every night before bed, a whole new world to explore. THE AVALON CHRONICLES were the perfect tuck-in tale and her parents enjoyed reading the fantastic fables as much as she liked listening to them. But one day, the book shifted tones. The unbelievably brave Dragon Knight and her courageous Prince faced an evil Wizard that threatened the entire land. But before they could finish the chapter, Aeslin's parents left on a business trip. When her father died on that trip, it was time for Aeslin to stop living in a fantasy world. Aeslin's mom never read from the tome again. Now Aeslin's a teenager and living a fairly ordinary life. She has a crush on Michael, the most popular boy in school, and her best friend Samantha loves to trade secrets and share gossip. It's a fine, if not extraordinary, existence until Samantha happens on a new book-ONCE IN A BLUE MOON. It's a sequel to the novel Aeslin loved as a child. The new pages catch up on the denizens of Avalon and their miserable eight-year existence since the defeat of the Dragon Knight. Aeslin can't believe it. She wishes she could be there to defend all of the creatures and common folk she loved as a child. And then out of nowhere, she is…
"When we read the proposal, we knew it would be great as long as we found the right artist to do it," Oni publisher Joe Nozemack said. "James saw Jen Quick when he was looking at the website for her studio, www.estrigious.com. It almost seemed too good to be true. She completely understands the style and tone Nunzio and Christina were going for." Quick is also creating her own series for Studio Ironcat.
"With ONCE IN A BLUE MOON, we're world building," DeFilippis added. "It's a challenge to both ourselves and Jen to push our imagination in overdrive. Looking at Jen's skills, I just hope we can come up with enough cool things to put them to proper use. It's going to be fun for us just trying to come up with the sorts of things we'd like to see her bring to life."
ONCE IN A BLUE MOON is going to be published as a series of original graphic novels, with a goal of doing three volumes a year. The first volume is scheduled to ship in April. It contains 160 pages of story and art and retails for $11.95.


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How to: Restore a Database to a New Location and Name (Transact-SQL)
This topic explains how to restore a database with a new location and, optionally, a new name.
|Security Note:
|We recommend that you do not attach or restore databases from unknown or untrusted sources. Such databases could contain malicious code that might execute unintended Transact-SQL code or cause errors by modifying the schema or the physical database structure. Before you use a database from an unknown or untrusted source, run DBCC CHECKDB on the database on a nonproduction server and also examine the code, such as stored procedures or other user-defined code, in the database.
To restore a database with a new name
Optionally, execute the RESTORE FILELISTONLY statement to determine the number and names of the files in the full database backup.
Execute the RESTORE DATABASE statement to restore the full database backup, specifying:
The new name for the database.
If you are restoring the database to a different server instance, you can choose to use the original name instead a new name.
The backup device from where the full database backup is restored.
The NORECOVERY clause if you have transaction log backups to apply after the file backups are restored. Otherwise, specify the RECOVERY clause.
The transaction log backups, if applied, must cover the time when the files were backed up.
The MOVE clause for each file to restore to a new location if the file names already exist. For example, creating a copy of an existing database on the same server for testing purposes may be required. In this case, the database files for the original database already exist, and so different file names must be specified when the database copy is created during the restore operation.
The syntax for the MOVE clause is as follows:
MOVE 'logical_file_name_in_backup' TO 'operating_system_file_name'
[ ,...n ] [ , ]
Here logical_file_name_in_backup is the name of a data or log file in the backup set, and operating_system_file_name is the location to which the file should be restored. n is a placeholder indicating that you can specify additional MOVE statements. Specify a MOVE statement for every logical file you want to restore from the backup set to a new location.
To obtain a list of the logical files from the backup set, use RESTORE FILELISTONLY.
This example creates a new database named
MyAdvWorks is a copy of the existing
AdventureWorks database that includes two files:
AdventureWorks_Data and
AdventureWorks_Log. Because the
AdventureWorks database already exists, the files in the backup must be moved during the restore operation. The
RESTORE FILELISTONLY statement is used to determine the number and names of the files in the database being restored.
For an example of how to create a full database backup of the AdventureWorks database, see How to: Create a Full Database Backup (Transact-SQL).
The examples of backing up and restoring the transaction log, including point-in-time restores, use the
MyAdvWorks_FullRM database that is created from
AdventureWorks just like the following
MyAdvWorks example. However, the resulting
MyAdvWorks_FullRM database must be changed to use the full recovery model:
ALTER DATABASE MyAdvWorks_FullRM SET RECOVERY FULL.
USE master
-- First determine the number and names of the files in the backup.
-- AdventureWorks_Backup is the name of the backup device.
FROM AdventureWorks_Backup
-- Restore the files for MyAdvWorks.
RESTORE DATABASE MyAdvWorks
FROM AdventureWorks_Backup
MOVE 'AdventureWorks_Data' TO 'D:\MyData\MyAdvWorks_Data.mdf',
MOVE 'AdventureWorks_Log' TO 'F:\MyLog\MyAdvWorks_Log.ldf'
See Also
Managing Metadata When Making a Database Available on Another Server Instance
Security Considerations for Backup and Restore
Copying Databases with Backup and Restore
Other Resources
RESTORE (Transact-SQL)
SQL Server Management Studio Tutorial


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Ellison Has An Edge
The Hill declares Keith Ellison in the lead for DNC Chair: "The Hill has identified the stances of 240 DNC members, either through their private responses to a survey circulated over the past week or from public endorsements. Out of those who responded, Ellison leads with 105 supporters to Perez's 57. The remaining major candidates have less than a dozen supporters each … it appears likely the race will head to multiple rounds … each campaign claims that their private whip lists promise even more votes …"
Howard Dean endorses Mayor Pete Buttigieg. W. Examiner: "Buttigieg is 'the outside-the-Beltway' choice Dean said on Morning Joe on MSNBC Wednesday. 'Our party is old and creaky, including me,' Dean said, citing Buttigieg's age, 35 … Dean argued Buttigieg …could win the chairmanship race on the second ballot, calling him 'everyone's second choice.'"
GOP eager to tar Sen. Warren. Politico: "…Republicans are in search of a figure so reviled by the conservative base that he or she motivates donors to open their wallets and voters to go the polls. Party strategists believe the liberal Massachusetts senator's brand of politics is a serious turnoff to voters outside the coasts — and will be a liability for at least five Democrats up for reelection in states President Donald Trump easily won … It's not a surefire play for Republicans. Warren electrifies the Democratic base more than perhaps any other senator…"
Trump Moves On Deportations
Trump's Homeland Security sets policy to allow for increased deportations. NYT: "Documents released on Tuesday by the Department of Homeland Security revealed the broad scope of the president's ambitions: to publicize crimes by undocumented immigrants; strip such immigrants of privacy protections; enlist local police officers as enforcers; erect new detention facilities; discourage asylum seekers; and, ultimately, speed up deportations … For now, so-called Dreamers … will not be targeted unless they commit crimes [but] millions of immigrants in the country illegally now face a far greater likelihood of being discovered, arrested and eventually deported."
Mexico pushes back. Politico: "The Trump administration riled Mexican officials by choosing Tuesday — on the eve of visits by the U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly to Mexico City — to release sweeping guidelines on deportations and a border wall … It also could hurt America's ability to gain Mexico's cooperation on enforcing the new guidelines … When it comes to deportations, for example, 'you can't just leave people in the middle of a bridge — this has to be negotiated with the Mexicans,' said [a U.S.] diplomat…"
Deportations could hurt economy. Bloomberg: "…one study [is] suggesting that removing all of them would cost the economy as much as $5 trillion over 10 years … [The plan] would hit industries that already complain of worker shortages …"
And housing market. Bloomberg: "Legal and otherwise, immigrants, long a pillar of growth in homebuying, are no longer feeling the warm welcome and optimism necessary for their biggest purchase … A third of the 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. live in a home that they or a family member or friend own … New arrivals are expected to account for more than a third of growth of homeowners this decade …
"White House creates confusion about future of Trump's travel ban" reports Politico: "The Justice Department told the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals last week that Trump will 'rescind…and replace' the original order … But White House press secretary Sean Spicer said at the conclusion of his daily briefing Tuesday that Trump will not rescind the original order. Instead, the first order is being updated … His statements seemed to leave open the possibility that there could be two orders in effect at once — a situation that could complicate efforts to defend the new order in court."
Speaker Ryan visits border today. Politico: "The visit comes just weeks before Trump will formally ask Congress for a boatload of money to fund construction of the wall … While waiting on the president's request, which could reach as much as $20 billion, Republican leaders have discussed moving a border security bill … [But] Trump and Homeland Security have not even finalized their own plan … Democrats on the Congressional Border Caucus, meanwhile, are on a counter-mission, hosting a series of meetings in border towns about how Trump's wall will harm [their] communities."
Breakfast Sides
Trump may pursue version of school vouchers. Politico: "The Trump administration is considering a first-of-its-kind federal tax credit scholarship program that would channel billions of dollars to families from working-class households to enable their children to attend private schools, including religious schools … Public school advocates say such a tax credit is a voucher program in disguise and would divert tax dollars from struggling public schools … Critics on the right, meanwhile, worry such a plan would increase the federal role in education…"
Iowa farmers warns Sen. Chuck Grassley not to take away his insurance. HuffPost: "A pig farmer confronted Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) at a town hall meeting … Chris Peterson, 62, told the senator that he has diabetes and that he would not be able to afford health insurance if not for the Affordable Care Act. 'You're the man that talks about the death panel,' Peterson said at the packed town hall in Iowa Falls. 'We're gonna create one great big death panel in this country [if] people can't afford to get insurance. Don't repeal Obamacare, improve it.'"
Deadline for Dakota Access Pipeline protesters. NYT: "… the Army Corps of Engineers and North Dakota's governor have ordered that the largest protest camp — which sits on federal land — be cleared by 2 p.m. local time on Wednesday because of flooding concerns … It remained uncertain how many of those still camped out would heed the evacuation order and how the authorities would respond to anyone who refused to leave. But Mike Nowatzki, a spokesman for Gov. Doug Burgum, told The Associated Press that arrests were possible if people refused to leave."
Trump may rollback transgender protections. NYT: "The administration signaled that an announcement was imminent on the question of whether transgender students should be able to use the bathroom of their choosing — and that Mr. Trump could well come down differently from his predecessor … Mr. Trump believes that 'this is a states' rights issue and not one for the federal government,' Sean Spicer, the White House press secretary, told reporters on Tuesday."


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Got Stained Nails? Learn How To Whiten Your Nails!
Having stained nails can be frustrating, no doubt about it! We can prevent it all we want by slathering base coat upon base coat onto our nails but even that isn't foolproof. Unfortunately for us, some polish colors just seem to have a way of bleeding into your nails regardless of how much protective base you put on. Not cool. Stained nails are also stealthy little things, they always seem to catch you by surprise. All is good and cool until you go about removing your polish a week into your (now worn) manicure- you proceed to rub the polish color away with a cotton pad and a little bit of acetone but wait…did it just leave an unsightly stain on your nails?!
The good news about nail polish stains is that, they can be lessened or removed by various methods. Let's go over how to whiten your nails, shall we? 😉
How to Whiten Your Nails Tip #1: Whitening Toothpaste
Who knew whitening toothpaste could be used on your nails? Simply mix a bit of your favourite whitening toothpaste with water and gently rub it onto your nails. After covering your nails with the toothpaste, use an old toothbrush to brush the surface of your nails (just like you brush your teeth). This method works best for lighter coloured stains. 🙂
How to Whiten Your Nails Tip #2: Baking Soda and Peroxide
Yes, you can really use this white stuff to whiten your nails! To do this, first pour a small amount of the white powder into a bowl, then slowly pour in a hydrogen peroxide solution into the baking soda until it turns into a paste. After you've made the paste, use some cotton swabs to apply the mixture onto your stained nails. Leave it on your nails for ~3 minutes before rinsing the paste off with water.?
How to Whiten Your Nails Tip #3: Lemons ?
When life gives you lemons…use them to whiten your nails! (Okay sorry that was lame) As a natural bleaching agent, lemons can be effective for nail whitening. First, you'll want to find a bowl that's big enough for you to put your hands in. After you've got your bowl, go ahead and squeeze some lemon juice into it. Next, place your fingers into the bowl just enough so that your nails are dipped into the lemon juice. Leave your nails in that position for ~5 minutes. Do note that you may have to repeat the process (space it out!) a few times to get the desired results. But don't forget, lemon juice can also be harsh on the skin so moisturize, moisturize and moisturize afterwards!
How to Whiten Your Nails Tip #4: Buff Your Nails
Light buffing of the nails can also help with the removal of nail stains. By buffing your nails, you are effectively removing the upper layer of your nails which contains the discolouration. While this can be effective, be careful not to overdo it or you'll risk thinning out your nails! We recommend trying the other whitening tips first before buffing!
?Always Moisturize Your Nail Bed After Whitening Your Nails!
While your nails may look prettier afterwards, remember that whitening your nails can be damaging to your natural nail beds! It's a good idea to pamper them a bit afterwards with some cuticle oil or cream!


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German E. coli outbreak of 2011, also called E. coli O104:H4 outbreak of 2011, German Escherichia coli outbreak of 2011, or German E. coli O104:H4 outbreak of 2011, bacterial disease outbreak that began in Germany in late April 2011 and that was caused by a previously rare strain of E. coli (Escherichia coli) known as O104:H4.
The 2011 E. coli outbreak was the deadliest and the second largest on record—the largest was the Japan E. coli outbreak of 1996, in which more than 12,600 people became infected—and was responsible for a total of 4,321 cases and 50 deaths, most of which occurred in Germany. About 900 cases involved hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in which infection of the gastrointestinal tract by toxin-producing bacteria results in the destruction of red blood cells. Kidney failure, a frequent complication of HUS, was the primary cause of death during the outbreak.
Stages of the outbreak
In late April 2011 a small number of people in Germany were hospitalized with HUS, the cause of which was determined to be a strain of E. coli that produced a substance called Shiga toxin, named for its similarity to toxins produced by the bacterium Shigella dysenteriae. The unusual spike in E. coli-related HUS prompted German health officials to begin providing case data to the World Health Organization (WHO) on May 1.
Over the course of the next several weeks, the outbreak developed slowly; just 138 cases had been reported by the third week of May. By the end of May, however, the number of confirmed cases in Germany had jumped to 373, and more than two dozen additional cases had been reported in other European Union (EU) member states. As many as 12 to 16 deaths had also been reported by local authorities. About the same time, scientists reported that the causative agent appeared to be a strain of E. coli known as O104:H4, a rare form of the bacterium.
Beginning in early June, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), which had been providing daily updates on the number of HUS cases and deaths, also began supplying data on non-HUS E. coli infections, revealing that hundreds of other people were affected, many of whom, for reasons that were unclear, were women. Most cases were reported in and around Hamburg in northern Germany. The minority of cases and deaths reported outside Germany, in places such as Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, occurred in persons who had visited the country just prior to their illness.
The number of afflicted rose into the thousands through mid-June, which marked the peak of the outbreak. The last reported onset of illness was documented on July 4. On July 26, after the three-week incubation, diagnosis, and reporting period for infection had passed with no new cases, German officials declared the outbreak over.
Course of infection
Early symptoms of infection with E. coli O104:H4 included diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, vomiting, and occasionally a low-grade fever. Such E. coli infections often are self-limiting, with supportive treatment (e.g., hydration) facilitating complete recovery within five to seven days. In the O104:H4 outbreak of 2011, however, there was an unusually high rate of progression to HUS, symptoms of which typically appeared within about one week of the onset of diarrhea. Symptoms of the condition included fatigue, decreased urination, pallor, decreased consciousness, a skin rash with hemorrhagic spots (petechiae), and other indications of anemia. Treatment included administration of drugs such as corticosteroids, dialysis, and blood transfusion.
E. coli O104:H4
There are more than 700 infectious serotypes (closely related though distinguishable forms) of E. coli. The serotypes are classified based on the antigens (proteins that stimulate antibody production in animals) on their surfaces, with the O (cell wall) and H (flagellar) antigens being of primary importance. Based on their interactions with intestinal mucosa and on their genetic profile, the different strains of E. coli known to cause diarrheal disease in humans are further divided into six pathotypes: enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC). The causative EAEC O104:H4 bacterium of the 2011 outbreak was initially described as a strain of EHEC, but subsequent genetic analyses revealed that it was closely related to EAEC; some scientists classified it as a new pathotype, enteroaggregative-hemorrhagic E. coli (EAHEC), though this was not widely accepted.
In the 2011 outbreak one-third of O104:H4 victims were hospitalized with HUS, compared with about one-tenth to one-fourth of victims of other pathogenic (disease-causing) E. coli. E. coli pathogenicity is determined by the type and abundance of virulence factors the bacterium produces. Virulence factors enable pathogenic bacteria to colonize mucosal cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Research led by American scientists based at the University of Maryland School of Medicine that was published at the close of the outbreak revealed that O104:H4 possessed a rare combination of virulence factors as well as an additional set of these factors. The researchers speculated that the unusual traits enabled the bacterium to aggressively colonize the mucosa and thereby facilitate absorption of Shiga toxin, which promoted progression to HUS in susceptible individuals.
The investigation also revealed that the German O104:H4 strain differed from other O104:H4 strains in that during the course of its evolution it came to possess not only a prophage (a viral genome integrated into bacterial DNA) that produced Shiga toxin but also a plasmid (an extrachromosomal genetic element) expressing a gene for antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, when treated with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, often used to treat infectious diarrhea, the bacterium increased its production of Shiga toxin.
Progenitor strains of O104:H4 had been reported prior to 2011 in only six instances: in Germany in 2001, in France in 2004, in South Korea in 2004, in Georgia in 2009, in Finland in 2010, and in central Africa in a patient infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in the mid-1990s. The 2011 bacterium was thought to have acquired its unique infectious properties through the process of horizontal gene transfer.
Tracking the source
Contaminated food was the suspected source of the outbreak, but it was unclear which food or foods were to blame and where they came from. In late May, following analyses carried out at the Hamburg Institute for Hygiene and Environment, German authorities announced that traces of the bacterium had been found in cucumbers imported from Spain. Officials at the Robert Koch Institute in Hamburg advised consumers not to eat cucumbers, and the suspect vegetables were pulled from store shelves and in Spain were destroyed or fed to livestock. On June 1, however, officials with the European Commission (EC) announced that follow-up studies failed to confirm the initial findings. The EC immediately lifted a food safety alert that had been issued for Spanish cucumbers. The economic impact in Spain, however, was not so easily reversed. Estimates of the losses suffered by the Spanish agriculture industry amounted to some €200 million ($290 million), and the country's leaders sought financial compensation from the EU and Germany.
Investigators were next led to bean sprouts produced at a farm in northern Germany, just south of Hamburg. Growing sprouts require warm, humid conditions, and such conditions also support the growth of various types of bacteria. Hence, sprouts often are associated with outbreaks of food-borne illness. However, similar to the cucumbers, sprouts grown at the farm tested negative for the O104:H4 strain.
But on June 24, as German authorities were ready to dismiss sprouts, French health officials reported a small number of HUS cases linked to Shiga toxin-producing E. coli near Bordeaux, where eight people were hospitalized after consuming arugula, fenugreek, and mustard sprouts. The same strain of O104:H4 was at fault for the outbreak. A task force set up by the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) tracked the source to a single lot of fenugreek seeds imported from Egypt by a German distributor in November 2009. The distributor sold the seeds to about 70 companies, more than 50 of which were in Germany. The task force believed it was likely that this single lot of sprouts was the common link between the French and German outbreaks but also cautioned that other lots may have been contaminated as well. Consumers were discouraged from growing sprouts for consumption and were advised to avoid eating raw sprouts. Suspected Egyptian seeds were pulled from the European market, and the import of fenugreek seeds into Europe from Egypt was temporarily banned. Egyptian officials responded by arguing that E. coli could not have survived for two years on dried seeds and that handling by the distributor or the use of unclean water by growers could have resulted in sprout contamination.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
Germany, country of north-central Europe, traversing the continent's main physical divisions, from the outer ranges of the Alps northward across the varied landscape of the Central German Uplands and then across the North German Plain.…
E. coli
E. coli, ( Escherichia coli), species of bacterium that normally inhabits the stomach and intestines. When E. coliis consumed in contaminated water, milk, or food or is transmitted through the bite of a fly or other insect, it can cause gastrointestinal illness. Mutations can lead to strains that cause diarrhea…
Bacteria, any of a group of microscopic single-celled organisms that live in enormous numbers in almost every environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to deep below Earth's surface to the digestive tracts of humans.…
red blood cell
Red blood cell, cellular component of blood, millions of which in the circulation of vertebrates give the blood its characteristic colour and carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. The mature human red blood cell is small, round, and biconcave; it appears dumbbell-shaped in profile. The…
kidney failure
Kidney failure, partial or complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is classified as acute (when the onset is sudden) or chronic. Acute kidney failure results in reduced output of urine, rapidly and abnormally increased…


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