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|MLBPA Press Release
Seven players -- Robinson Cano, Carl Crawford, David Freese, Adrian Gonzalez, Hunter Pence, Mariano Rivera and Justin Verlander -- who did not make last year's list cracked the top 20 this time around. Players representing 11 different MLB clubs make up the list of top 20 most popular jerseys, with seven different clubs in the top 10. In addition, 12 of the top 20 players are under the age of 30. The Phillies and Yankees, the teams with the two best records last season, each have four players in the top 20. The top 20 include nine infielders, five pitchers, four outfielders and two catchers. Of the top 20, 12 were All-Stars in 2011 and 14 played on teams that reached the postseason.
MLB most popular jerseys (based on Majestic 2011 sales figures):
1. Derek Jeter, New York Yankees
2. Cliff Lee, Philadelphia Phillies
3. *Albert Pujols, LA Angels of Anaheim
4. Josh Hamilton, Texas Rangers
5. Roy Halladay, Philadelphia Phillies
6. Tim Lincecum, San Francisco Giants
7. Dustin Pedroia, Boston Red Sox
8. Ryan Braun, Milwaukee Brewers
9. *Hunter Pence, Philadelphia Phillies
10. Buster Posey, San Francisco Giants
11. Chase Utley, Philadelphia Phillies
12. Joe Mauer, Minnesota Twins
13. Justin Verlander, Detroit Tigers
14. Adrian Gonzalez, Boston Red Sox
15. Alex Rodriguez, New York Yankees
16. Ian Kinsler, Texas Rangers
17. Robinson Cano, New York Yankees
18. Mariano Rivera, New York Yankees
19. Carl Crawford, Boston Red Sox
20. David Freese, St. Louis Cardinals
*Pujols played for the Cardinals until signing with the Angels in December 2011. Pence was traded from the Astros to the Phillies in July 2011. In both cases, their rankings reflect sales of jerseys for both teams.


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Discover intriguing intarsia techniques as you knit stop-and-stare accessories. Learn to work intarsia with multiple colors, in the round and much more!
Create three exclusive intarsia projects with knitting innovator and instructor Anne Berk. Start with a cowl project to get confident working in more than two colors and knitting striking zigzag stripes. Next, discover Anne's technique for knitting intarsia in the round as you make a pair of seamless, fingerless mitts with a gorgeous five-color plaid pattern. Finally, knit a hat with multicolored diamond motifs wrapping around the entire design. Plus, learn tips for keeping your yarns organized, maintaining your tension, calculating yarn needs and more! Blend eye-catching colors and patterns into knit accessories that invite envy and inspire more works of extraordinary intarsia.
If you're not delighted with your Bluprint experience, we'll make it right or give you a full refund.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Guangzhou Baiyun Shijing Mingliang Stage Lighting Equipment Factory, located in Shijing Town, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, near Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, is a professional manufacturer of led stage lighting. Our company is specializing in the production, marketing and R&D of led disco lights. We focus on LED lights. Over 10 clients in Europe and America count on us and purchased $1 million worth of products last year alone. Backed by a reinvestment of 30 percent of our annual turnover in R&D, we release one to two new products every month. Our 5 engineers, each with at least four years of experience in development and producing, can also develop a new item for you according to your requirements and have your sample ready within 10 to 20 days. Now, our main products are: led lights, indoor lights, outdoor lights, stage lights, concert lights, party lights, dj lights, led disco lights, led par lights, led wall washers, led blinder lights, led gobo effect lights, moving heads, high power par cans, high power wall washers, a variety of led dmx512 lighting and stage equipment. Our monthly capacity is 5, 000 units. We can deliver your orders in 7 to 10 days. Minimum orders for just one unit are also accepted We use materials and recheck them before production. Two to three QC members are assigned to each production line to conduct strict inspections during the entire production process. All our products are CE & RoHS-certified and come with one-year warranty. We also welcome third-party inspections. We won the majority of customers' praise depending on advanced technology, excellent quality, stable performance and great service and we strive for total satisfaction of our customers. Our mission is "committed to further LED research and development, providing the best low consumption LED products for our loyal customers." Our business concept and spirit is 1) Quality guarantee and fair price. 2) Focus on innovation of high technology by introducing advance equipment and facility continually. Bring the good environment & bright & colorful world to people. "Quality is our life, innovation is our blood, service is our soul." Let's discuss your OEM/ODM projects. Inquire now.


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Find Our Latest Video Reviews on YouTube!
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Tuesday May 12, 2009 2:19 pm
Martin Jetpack Goes Public
Posted by Sheila Franklin Categories: Science, Transportation, Videos
Perhaps Steve Wozniak will give up his Segway now. Nine months ago it could only go about 2 feet off the ground, but now the Martin Jetpack can soar up to about 8,000 ft. A typical trip will last about 30 minutes at a speed up to 60mph. This is no simple toy for the curious, Due out later in the year, purchasing one of the first 10 will cost you $100,000.00, training included.
Read More | Martin Jetpack
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- jetpack, martin, martin jetpack, training, transportation, travel
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In the Last Year…
June 1, 2011 Leave a comment
Hey Everyone,
Memorial Day weekend marked the one-year anniversary of the start of the Great American Road trip and I'm sure you've all been wondering, "What in the heck have those traveling Truckies been up to in the last year?" Steph and John have both moved on to new opportunities and we asked them both to give you an update on their lives since their time with the Truckster. Read on to find out where their at and what lies in store for your favorite traveling twosome!
From Stephanie:
Well hello, hello fearless travelers! Truckie Steph here, reporting live from the Big Apple.
Since my days behind the wheel I've moved to Hoboken,NJ, and began my first 'big girl job' in the world of digital advertising for Neo@Ogilvy in Manhattan. Sadly, I haven't actually driven since last summer and I must say that I miss it. At least I went out with a bang. Most people who miss driving up here can't say they spent 3 months driving around the country before handing over their keys for good… but this girl can.
In fact, I think the next time you'll be passing me on the highway should be my next vacation which involves a road trip to Tennessee. Being from Austin, I'm a big live music fan so I'm spoiling myself with a ticket to Bonnaroo music festival in June. I'll be the one passing out Frisbees and beach balls next to the big green station wagon and staying in that rockin' vacation rental from HomeAway.com…
Oh man, I wish that were true!!!!
No joke, I just had this flash back to the first time I sat in the Truckster driver's seat. It was the lunch hour in downtown Austin and my boss and I went out for a test run. I was so nervous, so excited! I think I probably made our boss a little anxious that day, but she still let me come along for the ride of lifetime. That's so cheesy to say, but I can't seem to wipe the silly smile off my face right now, so it must be true.
Though my 'truckie' days might be over, that doesn't mean a thing when It comes to the memories John and I made last summer, the frequency at which I continue to wear my Truckster shirt OR the fact that I still refuse to hold a cold beverage without a koozie in hand, preferably a blue one with our favorite family's faces printed on it! Plus, any day I choose to relive the dream I'm so pumped we chronicled our voyage for the world to see and for me to remember. (Shout out to all the amazing travel bloggers we met along the way. I miss that life but thank goodness I get to live vicariously through your stories! Every traveler needs a blog!)
And with that, I better get back to my day job. Somebody convince that driving partner of mine to stop by for an overdue visit. : )
Gear up friends, summer's almost here and you know what that means: ROAD TRIP!
From John:
Hey again!
I'm writing to give you an update and prove that life does exist after Truckie retirement. After leaving the Great American Road Trip, I packed all my belongings (1 suitcase full) and moved to Athens,GA, home of the University of Georgia. Although I'm no longer in college and did not attend UGA, I like the town a lot because of the warm weather, my apartment complex's pool and its colorful music scene.
To make sure I don't lose my driving abilities, I currently commute to and from Atlanta where I work at Edelman Public Relations. When I started at Edelman, I was on their Digital team but recently moved to their Crisis and Issues Management department where I work in an extremely fast-paced environment full of surprises! I guess since the Truckster broke down so many times, I had the crisis experience that qualified me for my current job. Soon, I plan on moving to Atlanta, but for now, I'm cruising Holiday Road every day to work.
I still talk to Adam and Steph periodically, mostly to reflect on driving through fields of grasshoppers or to dream of living in vacation homes again. I haven't seen the Truckster since we parted last August, but I hear it's in great shape and ready for public appearances. With some extra cash I have saved up from last summer, I'm investing in some wood paneling for the side of my car (a Prius). Just kidding…or not?
Thanks for following along with us last summer! I hope you had as much fun as we did. I miss the baseball games, beach houses, long drives and Truckster fans but at least we all got to experience these great memories together!


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Munchkin 5: De-Ranged
Item Number: 2589
Buy Now
This is NOT a stand alone game. It is an expansion for Munchkin.
Maker: Steve Jackson Games
Age: 10+
More of the twisted humour of Steve Jackson and John Kovalic in a 112-card supplement for Munchkin!
De-Ranged has everything you love about Munchkin, including:
A new Class! Rangers can tame monsters and ride them!
Treasure! Track down the Philosopher's Scone, put Racing Stripes on your Steed, and fill your Canteen of Spleen with Carbonated Holy Water!
Monsters! Beware the Telemarketer, the Poultrygeist, and the Undead Clowns.
And more monsters: imports! That's right, unique monsters created by the European Munchkin publishers, available for the first time in English. Quake in fear at the Brothers Grimm and the Snerks! Or just kill them and take their stuff. Your choice.
Munchkin 5 – De-Ranged. All the munchkin-ism of a prestige class, with none of that annoying role playing stuff.
Similar Games
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Board Games


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What could possibly go wrong?
Risk assessment: prepare for the worst, don't frighten the horses
Project management Who says there isn't much government transparency on the riskiness of recent projects?
David Pitchford, executive director of major projects, efficiency and reform group at the Cabinet Office, recently said: "We in the UK have a propensity to try to do things that have never been done before. Innovation is a good thing, but innovation with a 100 per cent risk of failure is not innovation; it is a gamble. We do that very well."
Pitchford added that no one in government "seems to know how many projects are on the books or how much they will cost". Gulp! A risky business indeed.
Speaking at the recent Association for Project Management conference, Pitchford was perhaps preaching to the converted but his comment offered a rare glimpse of what seems to be the perceived level of risk in big government projects.
Such a candid exchange was itself a bit risky and the Cabinet Office has since issued a "no comment until the review process is over" statement. But in reality civil servants are confronting what every project manager (PM) has to consider: how to predict types and levels of risk and prepare for them.
In a perfect world we would identify all the risks, cost them and develop a contingency plan. "Simples", as the TV meerkat would say. But of course it is not so simples in reality.
Take for example the construction of Terminal Five at Heathrow. During the construction of the Heathrow Express Rail Link which was to serve the terminal, the train link tunnel running through the airport complex collapsed leaving a huge crater in the ground.
No one in government "seems to know how many projects are on the books or how much they will cost"
Unfortunately the prediction of possible tunnel collapse was not in the risk register, the document which seeks to foresee all possible risks.
David Hancock, Head of Project Risk, Transport for London and formerly responsible for the risk managment system on the project explains: "British Airports Authority (BAA) told us that when the collapse occured the contract had to be thrown out the window because the risk wasn't in the risk register. When we asked people about the register they said that a collapse seemed so unlikely it didn't seem worth putting it in the register.
"They also said 'but if we put it in there it might happen', and that 'if I put my name next to it I might get the blame for it.' So for whatever reason it wasn't in there."
This case study says a lot about the process of evaluating risk. Even if you are able to predict all the risks there may be human factors preventing you from taking account of some of them.
The ultimate solution was to pour concrete into the resulting hole for three days causing a bumper sales year for a lucky concrete supplier. Meanwhile it precipitated a major review of how contracts could be put together and led to new agreements that shared the risks with a shared contingency 'pot', instead of BAA holding all the risk. These became part of the Terminal 5 Handbook used for working with contractors.
Hancock believes this was a major factor in ensuring the Terminal 5 project was delivered close to its target date of completion.
What gave the project its "infamous" tag, of course, was the headline-grabbing failure of the baggage handling system when the terminal was handed over and opened for business.
So what is the best approach to risk? The first task is to draw up the aforementioned risk register (or "risk log" in Prince2 parlance) in an exhaustive attempt to identify and analyse risks and plan for possible management.
Implementation risks, which are generally easily foreseen, relate to suppliers, labour, and rework. The hazard rating is usually derived from "likelihood" multiplied by "impact". As such measures are subjective, this is a qualitative process. A range of other less likely risks – such as tunnel collapses – should be added to ensure completeness.
Alongside these calculations quantitative risk analysis works by creating random activity durations, using the Monte Carlo technique, within agreed duration limits to map out the probability of finishing the project at certain times. For example the critical path calculation may be 20 days with a probability of 60 per cent, and 25 days with a probability of 20 per cent.
A line graph of probability vs time gives a clear view of the probable completion on a particular date, with probability falling away on either side of that date in an inverted V.
An alternative to the Monte Carlo technique is to use a spreadsheet for project planning and run a range of "what if?" scenarios. This allows for a wider range of predictions for start and finish dates for selected activities.
The calculation of risk naturally leads to the creation of a contingency fund, and where appropriate insurance. However, the larger the contingency fund, the more it is prone to risk itself. How has the Olympic Delivery Authority been faring on the money markets with its jaw-dropping £1.2bn contingency fund? A Freedom of Information request might be needed to tease that one out.
Coping with risks during a project is often ad hoc but an issue log or register details each problem, its status and who owns it. Understandably, the issue log becomes the feared black book at most review meetings but it is helpful as an audited record of problems needing to be fixed, or at least contained.
A cost/benefit risk analysis is also commonly employed before, during and after a project to calculate its payback time or break-even point. Much of this is qualitative but on huge projects such as the government's ID card scheme it can lead to a big red light and cancellation. In the case of a new road such as the emerging motorway at Hindhead in Hampshire, designed to ease access to Portsmouth and beyond, calculations of benefit are very much of the "finger in the air" variety.
So how do PMs estimate risk in practice?
Ivan Lloyd, director of Corporate Project Solutions, thinks it is all about information gathering. "Drawing on past experience and best practices is best. Detailed requirements gathering will also help project managers understand every single step. Until this is done you can't accurately forecast resources or the risks involved," he says.
Others recognise that you have to narrow your focus for efficiency. Peter Taylor, author of The Lazy Project Manager, says: "I use the 80/20 rule for risk planning. You should be able to anticipate 80 per cent of the likely risks, then make sure that you are not running at capacity during the execution and control phase so you can deal with the risks you could not anticipate."
Strategies for minimising risk are many and varied but the standard principle is probably "be prepared or prepare your CV".®
The Heathrow Express Rail Link tunnel collapse was described in court as "the worst civil construction disaster for 25 years". Builder Balfour Beatty was fined £1.2m, while Austrian engineering firm Geoconsult, responsible for monitoring the progress of the Heathrow Express Link, was fined £500,000. Both companies paid a further £100,000 in costs.


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By listening to people with skin conditions, LEO Pharma develops complete care solutions that meet patient needs
Working at LEO Pharma
We understand that people power our success. Our global team – consisting of around 5,500 people in 61 countries worldwide – is LEO Pharma's greatest asset. This is why we continually seek to attract passionate, dedicated and solution-orientated people – and ensure that our people develop their talent.


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The American Anthropological Association (AAA) Committee on Ethics recently presented cash awards to two separate teams of anthropologists who offered proposals centered on encouraging awareness of and innovation in ethics curricular materials used in introductory, undergraduate, and graduate classes.
The goal of the AAA Small Grants Program is to foster the development and use of curricular materials for the teaching and communication of ethics and ethical practice across the discipline of anthropology. Award applicants exhibited the ability to develop curricular materials in a variety of different ways, including texts, films, blogs, websites, exhibits, and other innovative media forms.
Samuel Gerald Collins and Matthew Slover Durington of Towson University were awarded $350 for their proposal "Multimedia Ethics for a Networked Anthropology," which seeks to formulate and freely disseminate ethical guidelines for a public anthropology premised on the production and dissemination of multimedia. These would be used for an ethical component in the methodological classes they teach, in training seminars for anthropologists and other multimedia researchers, and would contribute to a general debate on how anthropology might enjoin a public sphere characterized more and more by shared, social media.
Lakshmi Fjord and Devva Kasnitz of AAA's Society for Medical Anthropology, Disability Research Special Interest Group were awarded $650 for their proposal, "Disability and Bioethical Curriculum: Please Mind the Gaps." Their project is designed to address the absence of the disability experience, expertise, and theory in anthropology and bioethics curricula. The primary product will be a 3-hour (one week) class module that contains clear learning objectives addressed in multimedia and cross-learning styles and includes new PowerPoints, lectures, and discussion notes for instructors' use, suggested assigned and supplementary readings, suggested short assignments and suggested use of existing documentary or film clip resources.
"The Committee on Ethics is please to make these awards to two teams of scholars who are dedicated to teaching ethics in new, innovative ways," AAA Committee on Ethics Chair Roberto Gonzalez said in a statement issued today. "I look forward to the final results of both of these projects, and am optimistic that they will provide helpful to our students, our members and our discipline."


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Campus Corner
Top basketball recruit Andrew Wiggins, described by Self as an 'alpha dog,' picks KU
The lines of communication had been dead for weeks. Andrew Wiggins had been in his own world, processing information, school by school, guarding his secret from a curious basketball world.
Bill Self was back in Kansas, waiting to hear if he would get the opportunity to coach a once-in-a-generation talent. On Tuesday morning, a few hours before Wiggins unveiled his college choice, Self reached for his cell phone and crafted one final recruiting pitch.
"Hey, man, I hope you have a great day today," Self wrote.
When the message reached Huntington, W.Va., Wiggins, the No. 1 basketball recruit in the country, tapped in a two-word response.
"Thank you."
It wasn't much. But it was something. And at 11:09 a.m., when Wiggins unveiled that he had chosen to attend Kansas, it was Self that was ready to return the thank you.
"It wasn't jubilation like you'd think," Self said. "It was kind of a surreal feeling. I was so happy, but at the same time it was almost a humble happiness."
Wiggins, a native of Thornhill, Ontario, picked the Jayhawks over finalists Kentucky, North Carolina and Florida State, the school his parents attended.
"I just followed my heart," Wiggins told reporters after a brief ceremony with his classmates and family at Huntingon Prep. "Kansas had my heart. So that's where I wanted to go."
The decision concluded one of the most highly anticipated recruitments of the last decade, ending weeks of speculation. And the decision could have lasting ramifications in Lawrence.
A 6-foot-7 small forward, Wiggins has been labeled as one of the top recruits of the last decade, an athletic specimen who elevates a rebuilding Kansas squad back into the national discussion after the Jayhawks lost their five leading scorers off a Sweet 16 team in 2012-13.
"He's an assassin, an alpha dog. And we definitely need that when you have a whole bunch of young kids," Self said. "I think he's going to be not just a good player but have the chance to be a great one."
The decision also burnishes Self's credentials as one of the nation's best recruiters. Back in October, Wiggins was still classified as a member of the class of 2014 at Huntington Prep — and Kansas was barely in the picture.
But Wiggins, who had attended two other high schools before Huntington Prep, would move back to the class of 2013, his original class. And soon, Self and assistant Kurtis Townshend took visits to meet him.
"I always thought it was a longshot," Self said, "at least when we first got involved and everything. The more we kind of hung around, the more we kind of felt like he liked us."
Wiggins slots in as a likely starter alongside soon-to-be sophomore power forward Perry Ellis and junior guard Naadir Tharpe. Wayne Selden, a McDonald's All-American combo guard, could also project as a freshman starter, while incoming freshman guards Conner Frankamp and Brannen Greene and center Joel Embiid are all ranked among the nation's top 40 recruits.
But Wiggins, who has been called the best high school player since LeBron James and drawn comparison to Tracy McGrady, is no doubt the crown jewel, the alpha dog.
"I'm hearing the LeBron comparison," Self said, "and I saw LeBron play some in high school, and I'm not sure that's a fair comparison for anyone. From a pure athletic ability, he's one of the better pure athletes that the college game has had in a while."
Wiggins' talents may actually delay his arrival to Kansas. Self said Tuesday that Wiggins would have the opportunity to play for Canada in multiple international events this summer.
"I don't think I've ever had anybody like him," Self said.
By later on Tuesday afternoon, after Wiggins had signed his letter of intent, player and coach still hadn't spoken. The celebration was still going on in Huntington, where Wiggins was surrounded by his father, Mitchell, a former NBA guard, and mother, Marita, a former Olympic sprinter for Canada.
"I'm just happy that I can put my heart back in my chest and we can go on," Marita told reporters in Huntington.
In addition, Wiggins' older brother, Nick, will be a senior at Wichita State, another selling point for Kansas.
"I just felt like that was the right place for me," Wiggins said. "And my brother is right there."
Throughout his recruitment, Wiggins had played things close to the vest. He simply wanted to weigh his options, and then take his time. By Sunday, he knew. He told his parents that day. And for two more days, he kept his secret.
When his future coach sent that text on Tuesday morning, Wiggins finally answered.
"I was so proud that we were able to land Andrew to go along with what is already a terrific recruiting class," Self said. "If anything, it got me excited to get to work."


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These are Harry Potter memes we thought were really...
Celebrity Burns
- by moonchild6901
- Rating:
- Published: 8 Jun 2016
- Updated: 14 Nov 2017
- Status: In Progress
The coolest burn book in town. (For a small town in Utah, that's not saying much).
Join MovellasFind out what all the buzz is about. Join now to start sharing your creativity and passion
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President Steve Scott addressed about 90 soon-to-be teachers on May 1 at the university's annual Teacher Recognition Ceremony, but not in his usual role. Scott said he was speaking to them not as president of the university, as a fellow teacher or as a PSU alumnus, but as Phil Scott's dad.
The president began his presentation with a childhood photo of Phil, who was born in 1981, following a difficult birth.
"I graduated from Pittsburg State University with a teaching degree and for several years I was a high school math teacher, but not until I had a son did I understand what great teaching is," Scott said.
When Phil was about 5, Scott explained, he was diagnosed with cerebral palsy. When it was time for Phil to begin school, Scott said, he and his wife, Cathy, had a mix of emotions.
"We had hopes, but we also had worries," Scott said.
Over the years, a series of teachers made a difference for Phil, Scott said. He showed a photograph that he described as a metaphor for a great teacher.
In the photo, Pittsburg High School science teacher Jim Foresman stands beside Phil Scott, who is wearing a helmet and gear in anticipation of a rappelling challenge, which was part of an after-school program for middle school students Foresman ran.
"I love the look on Phil's face," Scott said. "What do you see? Doubt? Anxiety? But he's concentrating and thinking about the task."
And Foresman, Scott said, stands beside his son instead of in front or behind.
"The look on Jim Foresman's face conveys a belief that 'you can do this.'"
"That, in my mind, is what great teaching is all about," Scott said.
The president concluded his brief remarks with a current photo of Phil standing in front of his apartment. He said that today, Phil is an outgoing, happy and active young man who works part time and maintains his own home. He gives much of the credit for Phil's success to teachers.
"When I think of great teachers," Scott said, "I think of Phil."
Scott offered encouraging remarks for the teachers just beginning their careers.
"It is a huge responsibility," Scott said. "I don't know that there is a more important role in American life."
Following President Scott's remarks, the new teachers received medallions and took "The Teachers Oath," a tradition that began with the Teachers Recognition Ceremony 10 years ago.


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Shearer Candles pride themselves over the fact they design and make their products including all Shearer candles, giftsets and diffusers. All products are rich in unique smells which will diffuse through your home to leave a calming atmosphere lingering.
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Whether you're enjoying a winters night in or you're longing for that summer breeze, there is a flavour for every smell that you can enjoy all year round.


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Small Firms Seek Skilled Workers but Can't Find Any
It isn't the just big manufacturers, oil companies and railroad operators that are struggling to hire skilled workers.
The "Help Wanted" sign is also a regular fixture at small firms such as Group One Safety & Security in Stuart, Fla., despite the high national unemployment rate, which was 8.2% in June.
About 31% of 811 small-business owners and chief executives said they had unfilled job openings in July because they couldn't identify applicants with the right skills or experience, according to a survey by The Wall Street Journal and Vistage International, a peer advisory organization for senior-level executives based in San Diego, Calif.
About 41% of the 154 manufacturing firms that answered the survey said they couldn't find applicants with the relevant experience or skills, compared with 30% of the 283 services businesses and 29% of the 56 retail businesses.
"We could grow a lot faster if we could find the right people," says Kevin Madden, president of Group One, which installs alarms and video surveillance in homes and commercial properties. He says he frequently declines new work because he doesn't want to jeopardize his company's customer service due to lack of sufficient support staff.
The 16-employee company currently has two unfilled job openings—for fire-alarm and burglar-alarm technicians. The jobs have been open for nearly 18 months.
The skills gap is a big topic among economists because of its policy implications. If companies aren't hiring due to an inability to find skilled workers, then part of the remedy for high unemployment might be training to help workers develop the required skills, rather than, say, lower taxes or lower interest rates.
For small businesses, in particular, the effects of the skills gap can be profound: The addition of just one or two employees to a small firm can be a significant growth move. Yet the amount of training small firms can afford to provide is often limited.
Most small firms "don't have the luxury of a training budget," says Kevin Sheridan, a senior vice president at Avatar HR Solutions Inc., a human-capital management consulting firm in Chicago.
Employers can be picky, especially at small businesses, where "the employer will say, 'It's saving me money not to fill it, and I'm in no rush here, really, so I may as well wait for someone who is perfect,' " says Peter Cappelli, director of the Center for Human Resources at the University of Pennsylvania's business school.
Owners' Outlook
"Any new hire is a major new investment and a major new risk for a small business," says Michael A. Marasco, director of the Farley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation at Northwestern University in Chicago. "Your tendency is to be conservative and try to make do with the employees you currently have."
According to the survey, 36% of small businesses said they offer training to help prospective employees develop the required skills for their unfilled jobs. About 24% of respondents said they tried raising salary offers to attract applicants for hard-to-fill positions.
At Ad-Ex International Inc., a 125-employee company that creates exhibits for corporate trade shows, there are now about half a dozen positions open, for sales personnel and tradesmen. Most have been available for months, including one that has been open for more than a year.
"Based on present economic conditions, we have to be cautious. It's expensive to train someone," says co-owner Mike Pierdiluca. He says he can get hundreds of applications for a job opening but many of the younger applicants lack the carpentry, painting and metalworking talents needed to perform the work.
In some cases, like an open administrative assistant position, many applicants are overqualified. He is wary of those candidates, he says, because he believes they "won't like the job—at least for very long."
Matt Noon, owner of Noon Turf Care, a lawn-maintenance business in Hudson, Mass., said he regularly has openings for telemarketing professionals because the work they are required to do—calling hundreds of prospective customers a day—isn't sexy. Five months ago, he raised the job's base salary to $45,000 from $25,000 and has since made four hires.
"It's increased the quality of applicants," he says, adding that he is hoping to hire at least five more sales professionals by the end of this year. The company is a fast-growing start-up with about 50 employees, and it had about $4 million in revenue last year, he adds.
Echo Interaction Group Inc., a maker of smartphone applications in Orlando, Fla., has had four openings for mobile developers since January. Carlos Carbonell, chief executive officer of the 16-employee business, says not enough people have the skills needed to do the job.
Though the firm offers to train new recruits, past hires who have taken up the opportunity didn't work out because they found the job to be too daunting, he says.
The firm launched in 2008 and is hiring because it's growing quickly, according to Mr. Carbonell. "We have a few new large contracts," he says.
Mr. Madden of Group One offers $18 to $30 an hour for fire-alarm technicians and $16 to $22 an hour for security-alarm technicians, depending on their experience and skills. If qualified candidates ask for more, he is open to negotiating, he says. On one occasion he offered the candidate overtime work, such as cleaning the warehouse.
He says he believes that "every kid in this country has been raised to go to college and they don't want to do the trade, construction, blue-collar work."
He estimates that about 80% of his applicants misrepresent or overestimate their skill sets. The rest may be qualified but don't take his offer because they seek higher pay or they are looking for easier work, he says.
Over the past two years, there have been about 10 instances where prospective hires with no skills asked Mr. Madden for a job. He provided them with a low-level burglar-alarm manual, he says, and asked them to come back and show they could operate the alarm panel. "None have come back," he says.
He is also hoping to eventually find a fire alarm inspector, an installer and a service manager. "If I can find five" of the right candidates "I will take them on," he says.
The survey, conducted monthly, provides insights into business and public-policy issues and is limited to firms with annual revenue between $1 million and $20 million. The most recent survey, conducted online from July 11 to July 20, has a 3.5% margin of error.
The July results also indicate that business owners are more concerned about the economy.
Only 28% of owners think economic conditions have improved compared with last year, down from 37% in June, for instance.
Overall, 46% of small-business owners said they plan to increase the number of employees in the coming 12 months and only 11% said they plan to scale back.
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The Tribe's Zach Walters hit a two-run home run in the 10th inning, lifting the Cleveland Indians to an 8-6 victory over the sliding Chicago White Sox on Tuesday night.
Zach Walters couldn't get a bunt down. And his manager was just fine with that since Walters came through with a go-ahead home run instead.
Walters hit a two-run home run in the 10th inning, lifting the Cleveland Indians to an 8-6 victory over the sliding Chicago White Sox on Tuesday night.
Pinch-hitter Lonnie Chisenhall doubled to lead off the 10th against Jake Petricka (0-4), and after failing to sacrifice Chisenhall to third, Walters hit a 3-2 pitch well into the right-field bleachers to give the Indians the lead.
"Fortunately he didn't get the bunt down," Indians manager Terry Francona said, "but he's a strong kid and there's a lot of life in that bat and he's that threat."
Francona said Walters didn't have to bunt, but just find a way to get Chisenhall to third. Walters did more than that, hitting his sixth home run of the season.
Bryan Shaw (5-3) pitched 2 1-3 scoreless innings in relief for the win, keeping Cleveland 5 1/2 games behind Kansas City in the AL Central.
The Indians' usually-sturdy rotation had an off night. Cleveland's starters entered the night with a 2.57 ERA since Aug. 1, but got only 4 2-3 innings from T.J. House, who squandered a 3-0 first-inning lead and gave up five runs, including Alexei Ramirez's fifth-inning home run.
Despite that, Cleveland won its third straight, moved to a season-high four games above .500 and kept pace in the tightly bunched hunt for an AL wild-card spot.
"We know exactly where we are and we know that we have to turn it on at this moment in time if we expect to catch anyone — whether it's the wild card or the division," House said.
Chicago lost its seventh straight and saw Petricka give up a go-ahead home run in his second consecutive appearance after allowing Brian McCann's 10th inning walk-off Sunday against the New York Yankees.
"I think it's location," Chicago manager Robin Ventura said. "He has everything velocity-wise and the stuff."
Chicago didn't get much from starter Jose Quintana, who went five innings and allowing six earned runs to match a season-high. His ERA also rose from 3.25 to 3.48 as he got his 11th no-decision of the year and major league-leading 38th since the start of the 2012 season.
Adam Eaton was reinstated from the 15-day disabled list (strained right oblique) before the game and went 1 for 4. He entered the game seventh in the AL with a .370 on-base percentage and had an eventful night in the field, committing an error in the sixth that led to a Cleveland run and also throwing out Roberto Perez at the plate on Michael Bourn's single.
"I felt a little upset with myself because I got pretty good support tonight," Quintana said.
Indians: C Yan Gomes (seven-day concussion disabled list) worked out with the team Tuesday and manager Terry Francona expects him to be ready Friday when he's eligible to return.
White Sox: OF Moises Sierra (strained left oblique) went 1 for 4 in his second game of a rehab assignment at Triple-A Charlotte.
Indians RHP Corey Kluber (13-7, 2.46 ERA) starts today against Chicago's Hector Noesi (7-8, 4.39 ERA). Kluber is 3-1 with a 3.51 ERA in eight games against the White Sox, including his May 4 start against Chicago when he struck out a career-high 13 and set a Cleveland record by fanning seven straight.
Starting Tuesday, the Indians play 30 games in 30 days. Francona isn't worried about the impact of the schedule and is welcoming the rush of games. "Days off are great," he said, "but we need to play.
White Sox general manager Rick Hahn said top prospect Carlos Rodon's next start will be Saturday at Triple-A Charlotte, not Saturday in Chicago when they face the Tigers in a doubleheader. Rodon, 21, was the third overall pick and is the first player drafted this year to reach Triple-A.


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Losing weight is not just about dieting, according to everydayhealth.com. More important are making lifestyle changes that can be helpful for losing weight and keeping the weight off.
Healthy and sustainable weight loss does not occur overnight, despite the promises of fad diets. Losing a pound or two a week is normal, and shows that you are adopting weight-loss habits as a part of your lifestyle.
Here are some simple strategies.
1. Watch Your Portions
Portion control is a key challenge to Americans pursuing weight loss. Start with small portions, and go back for (a little) more if you're still hungry. Keep in mind that your stomach will grumble early on, until it has shrunk to adapt to the smaller meals you're now eating.
Portion control is doubly important when eating out.
2. Eat Slowly
It takes a little while for your body to realize that you've eaten and to stop sending signals of hunger. If you slow down and savor your food, you probably will eat less before your body acknowledges that you're full.
3. Eat Your Vegetables First
Vegetables contain plenty of fiber and bulk but few calories. By eating them first, you might eat less of any fatty or high-calorie items on your plate.
4. Don't Skip Meals
Skipping meals sounds like a good idea, but it actually undermines your weight-loss plan. Your body thinks it is being starved and starts building body fat in an attempt to store energy away for later. The best course is to eat three small meals, with two or three small snacks in between.
5. Drink Plenty of Water
Water helps you feel full throughout your day, aiding your weight-loss efforts. Water also provides innumerable health benefits to your skin and your digestive and circulatory systems.
6. Switch to Healthy Snacks
Swap out the high-calorie or high-fat snacks in your diet for healthier alternatives, like fruit, low-fat string cheese, peanut butter, and whole-grain crackers. Create snacks that combine carbohydrates and proteins, like peanut butter on apple slices, as they will make you feel full longer.
7. Exercise as Often as You Can
Burning calories through physical activity is essential to weight loss. If you don't burn more calories than you eat, you won't lose weight.
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Food diaries are a proven aid to people pursing weight loss. Keep track of what you've eaten and how many calories the food contained. If you also keep a record of your exercise, you can compare how many calories you're burning to how many calories you're consuming.


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Big East rivals Syracuse, Marquette meet in Elite Eight
Washington, D.C. – It might not have been the matchup predicted on many brackets but in an all Big East Conference Eastern Regional Final, the fourth-seeded Syracuse Orange take on the third-seeded Marquette Golden Eagles at the Verizon Center on Saturday afternoon.
A few weeks ago Syracuse appeared dead in the water with regard to its chances of contending for the national title after having lost four of its final five games of the regular season. However the Orange have kicked it into gear in the postseason and that was certainly evident on Thursday night when they brutalized top-seeded Indiana, 61-50, to get to the Elite Eight for the second straight year. A win on Saturday would give the Orange not only their third 30-win season in the last four years, but their first trip to the Final Four since the 2003 National Championship squad.
After having reached the Sweet 16 in each of the past three seasons, the Golden Eagles finally pushed through to the Elite Eight for the first time since 2003 with a surprising 71-61 win over second-seeded Miami-Florida on Thursday. The win was certainly the most convincing for Marquette during the tourney after they just squeaked by No. 14 seed Davidson and No. 6 seed Butler in the previous two rounds. With a win in this matchup, the Golden Eagles would also be emulating the 2003 squad as it was the last to reach the Final Four.
During the regular season these teams met just once at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee where Marquette was a perfect 16-0 on the campaign. The Golden Eagles kept that record in tact with a hard-fought 74-71 victory. Despite that setback, Syracuse leads the all-time series by an 8-5 margin.
On Thursday night against Miami, Marquette was simply more physical at both ends of the floor in a game it controlled from start to finish. The Golden Eagles hounded the Hurricanes defensively, holding them to just 34.9 percent shooting while hitting 54 percent from the floor themselves.
What has been so intriguing about the Golden Eagles on their run has been how much they embody the total team concept. Vander Blue (14.8 ppg) has been fantastic as the unit's top scoring option all season, and especially during the tourney where he has averaged 19.7 points per game. However the Golden Eagles have been getting big efforts up and down the roster. Jamil Wilson (9.9 ppg) has been lethal as a long-range shooter and he has knocked down some big shots already, including his 16-point effort against Miami. Big East Sixth Man of the Year Davante Gardner (11.4 ppg) and Chris Otule (5.0 ppg) have both been tough on the inside, grabbing loose balls at both ends, while Trent Lockett (7.2 ppg, 5.1 rpg) and Junior Cadougan (8.6 ppg) have filled in the gaps on the wings.
Against a team that ranked in the top-10 nationally in scoring offense during the regular season, Syracuse completely dominated Indiana on Thursday night. Jim Boeheim's patented zone defense utterly baffled the Hoosiers as the Orange forced 19 turnovers and held IU to just 33.3 percent shooting en route to its lowest point total of the season. The Orange blocked 10 shots and did a particularly good job against Cody Zeller who was held to just 3-of-11 shooting.
Not normally an offensive force, Michael Carter-Williams (12.1 ppg, 7.5 apg) was in a zone by posting a career-high 24 points while the Big East assist- leader had just one helper. Even with talented defender Victor Oladipo guarding him, Carter-Williams consistently got to the rim for a number of athletic finishes. C.J. Fair (14.3 ppg, 7.0 rpg) had a modest scoring game by his standards with 11 points, but he pulled down nine rebounds, while Brandon Triche (13.8 ppg) bounced back from an eight-point effort in the previous round with 14 points. Triche has reached double figures in six of the last seven games. Productive long-range shooter James Southerland (13.4 ppg) was held to just five points in the win, but he still contributed with seven rebounds and three blocks.


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Difference between revisions of "The South"
m (→Plain Folk)
(→Plantation Historiography: map)
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==Plantation Historiography==
==Plantation Historiography==
Anderson (2005) shows that after the Civil War a wave of nostalgia created an image of the plantation South that endured for a century, most notably typified in the novel and movie, "Gone with the Wind" (1939). Memoirs and fiction by former white plantation residents indicate "that nostalgia occurs most forcibly after a profound split in remembered events and experiences." These literary strategies "reveal a potent change in elite white southern consciousness after the Civil War." By 1900, plantation reminiscences that described the Old South as a place of wealth, self-sufficiency, honor, hospitality, and happy master-slave relationships had gained regional, national, and international popularity. The nostalgic memories of Southerners helped them triumph over defeat and create a sense of continuity with the splintered past.
Anderson (2005) shows that after the Civil War a wave of nostalgia created an image of the plantation South that endured for a century, most notably typified in the novel and movie, "Gone with the Wind" (1939). Memoirs and fiction by former white plantation residents indicate "that nostalgia occurs most forcibly after a profound split in remembered events and experiences." These literary strategies "reveal a potent change in elite white southern consciousness after the Civil War." By 1900, plantation reminiscences that described the Old South as a place of wealth, self-sufficiency, honor, hospitality, and happy master-slave relationships had gained regional, national, and international popularity. The nostalgic memories of Southerners helped them triumph over defeat and create a sense of continuity with the splintered past.
Revision as of 21:53, 2 May 2009
The South includes the eleven states that made up the Confederate States of America which consisted of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina. The South is currently defined by the US Census as these states, as well as Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Oklahoma. [1]
- 1 History
- 2 Plantation Historiography
- 3 Plain folk of the South
- 4 Civil War and Reconstruction
- 5 Age of Jim Crow
- 6 Post 1960
- 7 Presidential politics
- 8 Military
- 9 Bibliography
- 10 Plantations
- 11 Plain Folk
- 12 References
The Ante-Bellum South comprised the slave states before the American Civil War started in 1861; all the northern states had abolished slavery. The social history is considered in terms of large plantations with more than 20 slaves that grew cotton and other crops for export, and the "plain folk", who owned few or no slaves.
18th century
Historians and archaeologists in recent years have rediscovered a great deal about the pre-1800 South. [2] Thomas Jefferson's parents operated Shadwell, a plantation in the 1740-70 period. The Jeffersons led lives of comparative cultural refinement, although Shadwellwas at the extreme western edge of the Virginia frontier. They created a personal "island" of gentrified culture in the Piedmont region, a homestead that virtually replicated the finer domestic accommodations and routines as well as "institutional structures, patterns of slaveholding and agriculture, and slave life" existing in the eastern Tidewater region at the time. Peter Jefferson (father of Thomas) was a successful planter, slaveholder, surveyor, and government officeholder. Jane (the mother of Thomas) was the educated daughter of a successful merchant; they shared a value system that focused their energy and talents on financial success and acquiring status. Shadwell's proximity to the Rivanna River, physical layout, main house and outbuilding construction, household furnishings, and the documentary record of the family's domestic and business activities reveal an extraordinary blend of rugged individualism and the social expectations of the planter class.
Plantation System
The ante-bellum economy was dominated by plantations owned by rich white families and using slave labor. Historians define a plantation as having 20 or more slaves (of all ages). Cotton was the main crop in a broad swath (called the "Black Belt") that included most of the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. Other plantations grew tobacco (in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and Kentucky), hemp (Kentucky and Missouri), rice (South Carolina) or sugar (Louisiana). Most slaves were owned by plantations, and slave culture has been extensively studied. The great majority of whites did NOT live on plantations, and farmed on a smaller scale or on a subsistence scale. The plantation South had few large cities; the most notable were Charleston, SC, and Natchez, Mississippi. In general the plantation owners invested all their profits in new lands and new slaves.
The system survived the Civil War, as the emanciapted Freedmen continued to work on plantation land, as hired hands, tenents or sharecroppers. Aiken (1998) notes the plantation after 1865 had scattered sharecropper huts (compared to concentrated location before). There were few towns so plantation owners provided a crossroads central place that provided a "furnish" store (to advance tenants seed, tools, food staples, against their share of the harvest) and other town-like services. The blacks set up their own Baptist and Methodist churches; the preachers became both religious and political leaders.
The system of cotton plantations collapsed in the 1940s as cotton picking machines drastically reduced the need for labor.[3]
Plantation Historiography
Anderson (2005) shows that after the Civil War a wave of nostalgia created an image of the plantation South that endured for a century, most notably typified in the novel and movie, "Gone with the Wind" (1939). Memoirs and fiction by former white plantation residents indicate "that nostalgia occurs most forcibly after a profound split in remembered events and experiences." These literary strategies "reveal a potent change in elite white southern consciousness after the Civil War." By 1900, plantation reminiscences that described the Old South as a place of wealth, self-sufficiency, honor, hospitality, and happy master-slave relationships had gained regional, national, and international popularity. The nostalgic memories of Southerners helped them triumph over defeat and create a sense of continuity with the splintered past.
Serious scholarship began in 1900 with Ulrich B. Phillips. He studied slavery not so much as a political issue between North and South but as a social and economic system. He focused on the large plantations that dominated the South.
Phillips's addressed the unprofitability of slave labor and slavery's ill effects on the southern economy. Phillips systematically hunted down and opened plantation and other southern manuscript sources. An example of pioneering comparative work was "A Jamaica Slave Plantation" (1914). His methods inspired the "Phillips school" of slavery studies between 1900 and 1950.
Phillips argued that large-scale plantation slavery was inefficient and not progressive. It had reached its geographical limits by 1860 or so, and therefore eventually had to fade away (as happened in Brazil). In 1910, he argued in "The Decadence of the Plantation System" that slavery was an unprofitable relic that persisted because it produced social status, honor, and political power, that is, Slave Power).
Phillips contended that masters treated slaves relatively well and his views were rejected most sharply by neoabolitionist historian Kenneth M. Stampp in the 1950s. However, Marxist historian Eugene Genovese revived many of Phillips' ideas in the 1960s. Phillips' economic conclusions about the decline of slavery were challenged by Robert Fogel in the 1960s, who argued that slavery was both efficient and profitable as long as the price of cotton was high enough. In turn Fogel came under attack.
Plain folk of the South
- see also Redneck
The Plain Folk of the Old South, often called yeomen, were the middling white Southerners before 1860 who owned few slaves or none. The term has been extended to include the poor and middling whites in the South into the early 20th century. Historians have long debated the social, economic and political roles. Terms used by scholars include "common people", "yeomen" and "Crackers." The term favored in Jeffersonian Democracy and Jacksonian Democracy was "yeoman", which emphasized an independent political spirit and economic self-reliance.
From the travel accounts of Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1850s through the early-twentieth-century interpretations of historians William E. Dodd and Ulrich B. Phillips, common southerners were portrayed as minor players in the antebellum period.
Romantic portrayals, especially Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind (1937) and its 1939 film ignored them. Novelist Erskine Caldwell's Tobacco Road, portrayed the degraded condition of whites dwelling beyond the great plantations.
Owsley as historian of Plan Folk
The major challenge came from historian Frank Owsley in Plain Folk of the Old South (1949). It ignited a long historiographical debate. Owsley started with the writings of Daniel R. Hundley who in 1860 had defined the southern middle class as "farmers, planters, traders, storekeepers, artisans, mechanics, a few manufacturers, a goodly number of country school teachers, and a host of half-fledged country lawyers, doctors, parsons, and the like." To find these people Owsley turned to the name-by-name files on the manuscript federal census. Owsley's Plain Folk of the Old South, says Vernon Burton, is, one of the most influential works on southern history ever written. Using their own newly invented codes they turned into data bases the manuscript federal census returns, tax and trial records, and local government documents and wills. Plain Folk argued that southern society was not dominated by planter aristocrats, but that yeoman farmers played a significant role in it. The religion, language, and culture of these common people created a democratic "plain folk" society. Critics say he overemphasized the size of the southern landholding middle class while excluding the large class of poor landless and slaveless white southerners.[4] Owsley assumed that shared economic interests united southern farmers without considering the vast difference inherent in the planters' commercial agriculture versus the yeomen's subsistence life style.
Recent scholarship: Burton and others
In his study of Edgefield County, South Carolina, Orville Vernon Burton classified white society into the poor, the yeoman middle class, and the elite.[5] A clear line demarcated the elite, but according to Burton, the line between poor and yeoman was never very distinct. Stephanie McCurry argues, yeomen were clearly distinguished from poor whites by their ownership of land (real property). Yeomen were "self-working farmers," distinct from the elite because they worked their land themselves alongside any slaves they owned. Ownership of large numbers of slaves made the work of planters completely managerial.
Wetherington (2005) argues the plain folk (of Georgia) supported secession to defend their families, homes, and notions of white liberty. During the war the established patriarchy continued to control the home front and kept it functioning even though growing numbers of plain folk joined the new wartime poor.
Wetherington suggests that their localism and racism dovetailed with a republican ideology founded on Jeffersonian notions of an "economically independent yeomanry sharing common interests" (p. 12). Plain folk during the war raised subsistence crops and vegetables, and relied on a free and open range to hunt hogs. Before the war they became more active in the cotton and slave markets, but plain folk remained unwilling to jeopardize their self-sufficiency and the stability of their neighborhoods for the economic interests of planters.
The soldiers had their own reasons for fighting. First and foremost, they sought to protect hearth and home from Yankee threats. White supremacy and masculinity depended on slavery, which Lincoln's Republicans threatened. Plain folk concepts of masculinity explains why so many men enlisted: they wanted to be worthy of the privileges of men, including the affections of female patriots. (p. 145). By March 1862, the piney woods region had a 60 percent enlistment rate, comparable to that found in planter areas.
As the war dragged on, hardship became a way of life; Wetherington reports that enough men remained home to preserve the paternalistic social order, yet there were too few to prevent mounting deprivation. Wartime shortages increased the economic divide between planters and yeoman farmers; nevertheless, some planters took seriously their paternalistic obligations by selling their corn to plain folks at the official Confederate rate "out of a spirit of patriotism." (p. 171). Wetherington's argument weakens other scholars' suggestions that class conflict led to Confederate defeat. More damaging to Confederate nationalism was the localism that grew as areas had to fend for themselves as Sherman's forces came nearer. During Reconstruction, plain folk viewed freedmen as the greatest affront and humiliating symbol of Yankee victory, so they turned their hatred against Carpetbaggers (Republicans from the North) and refused to tolerate Scalawags (white Republicans from the South).
Civil War and Reconstruction
Age of Jim Crow
- see Jim Crow
- see Black history
Jim Crow was the system of racial segregation in the Southern U.S. from the 1880s to 1964 in which African Americans were segregated (separated) in public schools and public places, so that they did not mingle in public with whites on equal terms. It also means that blacks had little or no political power. It was a low point in Black history after the euphoria of Reconstruction. The most prominent black leader was Booker T. Washington.
The Supreme Court of the United States held in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) that the Fourteenth Amendment did NOT give the federal government the power to outlaw private discrimination. In an even more important decision the Supreme Court held in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that Jim Crow laws were constitutional as long as they allowed for "separate but equal" facilities. Everyone knew that the "equal" in "separate but equal" was a technicality, and that great inequality was tolerated in practice.
Today conservatives and liberals alike denounce the policy of Jim Crow as an unacceptable violation of the principle of equal rights for all.
Post 1960
After 1945, the Civil Rights movement gained momentum and used federal courts to attack Jim Crow. The Supreme Court declared legal, or de jure, public school segregation unconstitutional in 1954, and it ended in practice in the 1970s.[6] The court ruling did not stop de facto or informal school segregation, which continued in large cities. President Lyndon B. Johnson, building a coalition of liberal northern Democrats and conservative Northern Republicans, pushed Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which immediately ended Jim Crow laws that segregated restaurants, hotels and theatres; these facilities (with rare exceptions) immediately dropped racial segregation. In 1965 the federal Voting Rights Act ended discrimination in voting for all federal, state and local elections.
Presidential politics
The South favoredf the Democratic-Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans during the First Party System, from the 1790s to 1820s. However during the Second Party System, 1830-1854, the region was closely balanced between Democrats and the Whig Party, with the Democrats gaining after 1848.
Political parties were in disarray in the late 1850s and were suspended during the Civil War. During Reconstruction, 1863-1877, the dominant Republican Party was a coalition of Freedmen (freed slaves), Carpetbaggers (new arrivals from the North), and Scalawags (white southerners), all supported by the U.S. Army. Violent confrontations led to the collapse of the Republican state governments in the 1870s; the last three fell in 1877. They were replaced by the Redeemers, conservative white Democrats allied to the Bourbon Democrats of the North.
The Democrats repressed a Populist movement in the 1890s, and dominated every state with rare exceptions down to 1964. The "Solid South" as political pundits called it, nearly always supported Democratic prfesidential candidates, except in 1928, 1952 and 1956.
1964 to 1992
Since 1964, the South has been highly competitive. The Solid South began to break down in the 1964 election, when five southern states voted for Republican Barry Goldwater. The largest and President Johnson's homestate, Texas, remained Democratic. In 1965 blacks were given the vote for the first time since the 1890s, and they becvame Democrats. In 1968, Richard Nixon and Independent George Wallace split the region, with the exception of Texas, which remained Democratic.
In the 1976 election, Democratic contender Jimmy Carter.[7] swept the region combining the black vote with a majority of evangelical whites. Beginning in 1972, candidates Richard Nixon (1972), Jimmy Carter (1976), Ronald Reagan (1984), George H.W. Bush (1988) carried every southern state.[8]
1992 to 2008
In 1992 Democratic candidate Bill Clinton reassembled Carter's coalition and carried Arkansas, Tennessee, Florida, and Georgia in 1992, but lost Georgia in 1996.[9] George W. Bush (2000 and 2004) carried every Southern state including Democratic challenger and incumbent Vice President Al Gore's home state of Tennessee.
In 2008 Barack Obama broke through, carrying Florida, Virginia and North Carolina, leaving the GOP base in disarray.
Large numbers of Southerners have served in the U.S. military. During the Civil War southerners did not volunteer in large enough numbers to match the military needs of the south. Approximately twenty percent of all Confederate soldiers were therefore draftees (compared to eight percent in the Union armies), and they were subject to "compulsory reenlistment."[10]
- Aiken, Charles S. The Cotton Plantation South Since the Civil War 1998; geographical study
- Anderson, David. "Down Memory Lane: Nostalgia for the Old South in Post-civil War Plantation Reminiscences." Journal of Southern History 2005 71(1): 105-136. Issn: 0022-4642 Fulltext: in Ebsco and online edition
- Camp, Stephanie M. H. Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women & Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South. 2004. 206 pp.
- Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. Within the Plantation Household: Black and White Women of the Old South 1988 online edition
- Genovese, Eugene, Roll, Jordan Roll (1975), the most important study of slavery.
- Isaac, Rhys. Landon Carter's Uneasy Kingdom: Revolution and Rebellion on a Virginia Plantation (2004), re: late 18th century
- Kern, Susan. "The Material World of the Jeffersons at Shadwell." William and Mary Quarterly 2005 62(2): 213-242. Issn: 0043-5597 Fulltext: at History Cooperative
- Kulikoff
- Lowe, Richard G. and Randolph B. Campbell, Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas (1987)
- McBride, David. "'Slavery as it Is': Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South." Magazine of History 2005 19(5): 36-39. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco
- Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (1975).
- Phillips, Ulrich B. American Negro Slavery; a Survey of the Supply, Employment, and Control of Negro Labor, as Determined by the Plantation Regime. (1918)online at Project Gutenberg
- Phillips, Ulrich B. Life and Labor in the Old South. (1929).
- Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton Belt," Political Science Quarterly 20#2 (Jun., 1905), pp. 257-275 in JSTOR
- Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Origin and Growth of the Southern Black Belts." American Historical Review, 11 (July, 1906): 798-816. in JSTOR
- Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Decadence of the Plantation System." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 35 (January, 1910): 37-41. in JSTOR
- Joseph P. Reidy; From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Central Georgia, 1800-1880 1992 online edition
- Rothman, Adam. Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (2005),
- Ruef, Martin. "The Demise of an Organizational Form: Emancipation and Plantation Agriculture in the American South, 1860-1880." American Journal of Sociology 2004 109(6): 1365-1410. Issn: 0002-9602 Fulltext: at Ebsco
- Savitt, Todd L. "Black Health on the Plantation: Owners, the Enslaved, and Physicians." Magazine of History 2005 19(5): 14-16. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco
- Stampp, Kenneth M. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-bellum South (1956)
- Virts, Nancy. "Change in the Plantation System: American South, 1910-1945." Explorations in Economic History 2006 43(1): 153-176. Issn: 0014-4983
- Volo, James M., and Dorothy Denneen Volo. The Antebellum Period. (2004), popular culture online edition
- Weiner, Marli F. Mistresses and Slaves: Plantation Women in South Carolina, 1830-80. 1998
- White, Deborah Gray. Ar'nt I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (1999) online edition
- Woodman, Harold D. "The Political Economy of the New South: Retrospects and Prospects." Journal of Southern History. 67#4 2001. pp 789+. online edition, covers 1877 to 1914
- Woodward, C. Vann. Origins of the New South, 1877-1913 (1951). classic survey of the region online at ACLS e-books
- Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Southern honor: ethics and behavior in the old South (1982) online at ACLS e-books
Plain Folk
- Ash, Stephen V. "Poor Whites in the Occupied South, 1861-1865," Journal of Southern History, 57 (February 1991), JSTOR
- Bruce Jr., Dickson D. And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain Folk Camp Meeting Religion, 1800-1845 (1974) online edition
- Bolton, Charles C. Poor Whites of the Antebellum South: Tenants and Laborers in Central North Carolina and Northeast Mississippi (1994) excerpt and text search
- Burton, Orville Vernon. In My Father's House Are Many Mansions: Family and Community in Edgefield, South Carolina (1985) online edition
- Campbell, Randolph B. "Planters and Plain Folks: The Social Structure of the Antebellum South," in John B. Boles and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds., Interpreting Southern History(1987), 48-77;
- Carey, Anthony Gene. "Frank L. Owsley's Plain Folk of the Old South after Fifty Years," in Glenn Feldman, ed., Reading Southern History: Essays on Interpreters and Interpretations (2001)
- Cash, Wilbur J. The Mind of the South (1941), famous classic excerpt and text search
- Cecil-Fronsman, Bill. Common Whites: Class and Culture in Antebellum North Carolina (1992)
- Hahn, Steven. The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890 (1983) excerpt and text search
- Harris, J. William. Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in Augusta's Hinterlands (1985)
- Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition." Journal of Southern History. 71#4 (2005) pp 803+.
- Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Yeomanry in the Antebellum South," in Boles, ed., Companion to the American South, 139-55.
- Hyde Jr., Samuel C. ed., Plain Folk of the South Revisited (1997).
- Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition" Journal of Southern History (Nov 2005) vol 71#4
- Hundley, Daniel R. Social Relations in Our Southern States (1860) complete text online
- Linden, Fabian. "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views," Journal of Negro History, 31 (April 1946), 140-89; emphasizes statistical inequality in JSTOR
- Lowe, Richard G. and Randolph B. Campbell, Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas (1987)
- McCurry, Stephanie. Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country (1995),
- McWhiney, Grady. Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South (1988) online edition, by a leading conservative
- Nobles, Gregory H. "The Transformation of the Other Virginia." Reviews in American History, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 506-511 in JSTOR
- Osthaus, Carl R. "The Work Ethic of the Plain Folk: Labor and Religion in the Old South." Journal of Southern History (2004) v. 70#4, 745-82.
- Otto, John Solomon. "The Migration of the Southern Plain Folk: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis," Journal of Southern History, 51 (May 1985), 183-200. in JSTOR
- Owsley, Frank Lawrence. Plain Folk of the Old South (1949), the classic study
- Owsley, Frank Lawrence. with Harriet C. Owsley, "The Economic Basis of Society in the Late Ante-Bellum South," Journal of Southern History 6 (Feb. 1940): 24-25, in JSTOR
- Sheehan-Dean, Aaron, Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia (2007) excerpt and text search
- Wetherington, Mark V. Plain Folk's Fight: The Civil War and Reconstruction in Piney Woods Georgia. 2005.
- Winters, Donald L. "'Plain Folk' of the Old South Reexamined: Economic Democracy in Tennessee," The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Nov., 1987), pp. 565-586 in JSTOR
- Wright, Gavin. "'Economic Democracy' and the Concentration of Agricultural Wealth in the Cotton South, 1850-1860," Agricultural History, 44 (January 1970), 63-93 in JSTOR, a statistical critique of Owsley
Primary sources
- Phillips, Ulrich B. ed. Plantation and Frontier Documents, 1649-1863; Illustrative of Industrial History in the Colonial and Antebellum South: Collected from MSS. and Other Rare Sources. 2 Volumes. (1909). vol 1 online and vol 2 online
- ↑ http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf
- ↑ See Isaac (2004) and Kern (2005)
- ↑ See Virts (2006); Aiken (1998) notes plantations never entirely disappeared.
- ↑ Hyde (2005)
- ↑ Burton (1985)
- ↑ Michael J. Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (2006)
- ↑ 1976 Electoral Distribution.
- ↑ In 1980 Carter carried his home state of Georgia.
- ↑ http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/elections/maps/>
- ↑ Tinadall & Shi, America: A Narrative History, 7th ed.(New York Norton, 2007):616-618.


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Top 10 – Board & Card Game Stocking Fillers
Christmas time, mistletoe and board games! I think that's how the song goes…
Yes, hello, welcome back you lovely folk. We're Timlah and Joel and today, we've opened up the "Large, Flat Green Present at the back", as your choice from last week. Lo and behold, the present happened to be this week's Top 10, our Top 10 Board & Card Game Stocking Fillers. These are all small games, under £20, along with their price and a relevant Amazon link – You know, for them last minute purchases you totally needed to do.
What? We can't assume you're prepared for Christmas, can we? (more…)
Top 10 Geeky Stocking Fillers
Fifteen days to go until the jolly man in red descends down our chimneys once again, in the world's greatest game of Thief. But don't you worry, he's not going to rob you – Only put some things down your stockings. Oo-err. But never you mind what this phantom of kindness is doing late at night, creeping around – He means well!
However, if you can't rely on Santa's most recent sat nav system, then you needn't worry! We've devised a Top 10 worthy to stuff your stockings, so strap yourselves in – We're going to sleigh you with these Top 10 Geeky Stocking Fillers. Before we rush into this one and unwrap all these awesome gifts, the base rule for this was: It should fit in a pretty standard sized stocking, rather than a sack. It should also be relatively inexpensive (The maximum price of an item is £15).
Top 10
10) Tabletop Minis
Quick and easy, something nice for the tabletop gamer in your life, or just someone who likes to build and paint creatively. The beauty of a new mini is that you can't go too far wrong, at least if you've got the right genre. A good looking mini isn't just a pretty ornament, but can often serve multiple uses; today's cleric is tomorrow's captain of the guard, what's a power-armoured soldier now could easily be a cargo android in another game. Alternatively there's no reason not to canibalize a gifted mini for spare parts, your new pirate could sacrifice an arm to give your ranger a musket.
There's a surprising amount of high-quality, cheap miniatures, and even miniature scenery out there that'd make a great gift for gamers of all stripes, or someone with a penchant for crafting and painting might find a new challenge in a model they've never seen before. And if your recipient has a particular fandom, by-and-large you'll find a miniature out there for them too.
Not Borderlands though, I tried.
9) Dice Games
I'm sure you've probably at least heard of the game Zombie Dice if you're on this website? If not, then don't worry – It's a teeny tiny little game that features some specifically labelled dice. You roll them, check the action, keep score and keep going until someone is a winner. There's also Cthulhu Dice, which is exactly the same, but with more insanity involved. Simple, easy, small – Perfect stocking filler.
But what if that special geek doesn't actually want a dice game? Well, you can very rarely go wrong with a special set of dice. Websites are popping up all over the place, offering custom dice sets, so why not check them out?
8) Cardboard VR Headset
Right, so get this. In the year 2014, VR was definitely becoming a reality. I mean, it was all brand new and all a bit fledgeling, but it was certainly on our horizon. Jump forward a year or two and BANG! We're hit by wave upon wave of Google Cardboard-wannabe's – but this is a great thing to the average consumer.
If the geek in your life loves a little bit of cheeky tech, then why not consider buying a VR headset for their phones? They come either pre-built or flatpacked, depending on the package you pick up. They have cheap little lenses inside of them and bang – You can see in a VR world. How exciting is that? It's all rather new, plus they have to have a relatively good phone, but hey – They can get involved with VR right now for dirt cheap.
7) Giant Microbes
Did you always want to give someone the plague, but you were never sure how to get hold of it? Want to post anthrax to a friend without getting arrested? Want to smack people in the face with yeast but couldn't get a solid handful? The good news is you can get these and many more microbes, cells, viruses and parasites in plushy and adorable form.
This season you can give the gift of gangrene, cholera, or blood. There are also… less tasteful options for the people in your life with a sick sense of humour, basically anyone with whom you've played a game of Cards Against Humanity. That said, many of these little gifts have a far friendlier side, right now if you give your friends the Zika virus, some of the proceeds from the sale will also go towards supporting relief for those currently suffering in the recent outbreak.
6) Booster Packs
We've a tendency to collect, is that fair to say? We like stuff, and the stuff we like, we want more of. Boosters of collectible card games, Lego minifigures, Minecraft mystery boxes, Marvel dice, all of these little randomly selected additions to our ever growing collection take just a sliver more space away and yet add so much value.
Plus boosters are often cheap and easy to grab a fistfull of and shove them in with some of your well thought out and carefully selected presents. Didn't get the card you wanted? Don't blame me, blame the booster.
5) Genki Gear T-Shirts
A specific example of high-quality geeky t-shirts at an amazingly good value. These guys are regulars to the convention scene and yes, I've got quite a few of their t-shirts. They're comfortable, they're light and they look amazing. The designs are really well thought out and I often get comments on the ones that I wear.
But it's as if they are aware that Christmas is a thing. They do a whole section dedicated to £10 t-shirts. From sizes Small to XX-Large, there are plenty of different designs which are of a high quality. So, why not get that geek in your life a super cool t-shirt from some guys who are also absolutely super cool.
4) Love Letter
How very sweet. Or… actually no, not very. If anything this is a cutthroat and underhanded little game in which all players are seeking to win the favour of the princess, and using their sway in court to pass a token of their affection to someone as close to her as possible.
It's actually one of the most simple games I have ever played, consists of no more than sixteen cards and a fistful of tokens all contained in an elegant drawstring bag, and you never have more than two cards at a time. It takes moments to learn, but time to master, as you start counting every card in play, guessing what each play could mean.
3) KitSound Cube Portable Speaker
This is a very specific present, but hold on there. This speaker is teeny tiny, at something daft like 6cm tall by 6cm wide. Yeah no, that's the size, it's teeny tiny and it's been on offer for £8 for quite some time. It's typically only £15 normally and I'd gladly pay the full price, but I got 2 for the price of 1 and £1 extra. Well worth it.
This is the speaker that's inside of our brand new GOCade (more info on that to come by on Mondays article). This is also a teeny tiny speaker that was vastly superior to our little TVs sound quality… And it's loud as hell. It's amazing, for such a tiny little device and so we figured, if you're looking for a gift for an audiophile, this is that gift. What's more, it won't break your bank, but it might break your windows!
2) Figurines
For every fandom there is merchandise, most of them made by Funko of course, but there's always your Fallout bobblheads, special edition statuettes, or a comicbook shop's glass cabinet filled with superbly made sculptures that most certainly should not appear in someone's stocking – too big and too pricey. A well made, high quality figure needn't be big or pricey, but they're a lovely way to celebrate your fandom, or perhaps show your understanding for that of your friends and family.
Of course it's always hard to find space for these things, and a tough decision to be made as to whether or not to keep the box – always worth debating your resale value – but no reason to let such considerations hold you back from getting some for other people. You never know when you might stumble across that unique find, or the one thing they've wanted but would never buy for themselves.
1) Nerf Gun Jolt & Darts
If you've never had the power of the air-propelled pistols in your hand, you've been missing out. I received my first Nerf Gun during the 2014 Super Secret Santa and you know what? I've kept it ever since – So if The British Bumpkins ever read this, huge thank you to both. I remember who gives me gifts – Especially when they own up to it!
So Nerf Guns are really simple little things. You put a spongy little foam dart into the a slot, then you aim the Nerf Gun at your friend and POP! You pull the trigger and your friend explodes backwards in a firey inferno, screaming "OH GOD WHY THE NERFS?!" Thankfully, this is just a dramatisation of what happens when I get hit by a Nerf Dart. The truth is, they don't hurt what so ever and they're great fun. I often have fired them off of walls, letting them come bouncing back to my hands and doing it all over again.
Honourable Mentions
We're getting somewhere near the bottom, almost time to start interacting with the relatives, overeating, and silently dreading returning to work. All the good stuff is gone, but there's still a couple of packages down here before you reach the satsuma that'll end up back in the fruit bowl before dinner.
Posters – GeekOut Posters
Ah yes, the poster is a very simple concept that everyone can buy into. I mean, it might be that the special geek in your life is really into Minecraft. There are posters dedicated to Minecraft. What about Game of Thrones? Don't you worry: There are definitely posters for the hit show! Heck, posters are a perfect and relatively inexpensive item to put down somebodies stocking. You can even buy specific poster tubes, which again are relatively inexpensive and can be picked up at your local post office. Lovely.
Wait a minute, what's this?! Your favourite website that produces Top 10s every single week without fail also sell posters?! Let us know in the comments if you need one for Christmas! We'll do a Christmas deal! That's right, 3 posters for £1.50 + PnP! That's just 50p per poster! PnP will be £3.50! Just £5 for three posters, ho, ho, ho that's a merry deal for you! (No serious, leave us a comment and we'll sort you out.)
This is a bit of an odd one. Personally I've no dislike of vouchers, it's not exactly high-effort but it shows a lot more consideration than cold cash. Both are a kindly gesture for sure, but at least a voucher shows better knowledge of the recipient, and who doesn't like some control over what they get for Christmas; wishlists exist for a reason. But here's why we dumped vouchers into the honourable section.
Would you really expect to see a voucher in a stocking? Envelope, sure. Cards, or even the bit of card it card it was hung upon in the first place, but surely a stocking is no place for it. A voucher is flat, easily folded, spindled and mutilated beyond use, and a stocking is usually filled indiscriminately with assorted stuff. By all means get your friends and family a voucher (perhaps Steam, League of Legends, or the local bookshop, keep it geeky folks) but if you're going to load it into their stocking then you're weird, and frankly wrong.
We're all out of wrapping paper for all of these amazing gifts, so why don't you get on down to your local shops to pick some of these up? I mean, after all, we've given you enough ideas to start buying gifts for that geek in your life, so why don't you just get on with it?! Honestly, we couldn't tell you anything else to buy – But you can tell us what we should do a Top 10 of next week by voting in the votes below! We're fast approaching the end of the year..!
Now of course, we didn't accommodate those boys and girls who were naughty – They don't deserve geeky goodness, but perhaps a pop with a Nerf Gun will put them in check. What do you think of our list of geeky goodies in a stocking? What will you be putting in a Christmas stocking soon? As always, leave a comment below, or over on Facebook, Twitter or Reddit.


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Using only apples, avocados, extra virgin olive oil, and unfiltered
cider vinegar, one can make excellent dairyfree fruit yogurt. It is
every bit as thick and creamy as real fruit yogurt, but contains no
saturated animal fats, milk protein, or chemical residues. Remember
to use organic goods.
It is best to eat the yogurt immediately
after preparing; it keeps no longer than 1 hour in the refrigerator in
a covered container. The flaxseed-cinnamon mixture oxidizes quite
quickly after being ground; it is best to make immediately before
The yogurt is by no means low-fat. However, it is an alternative to
real yogurt for those who cannot tolerate dairy products because of
allergies or lactose intolerance.


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Established in 1960, York Fluid Controls Limited is a leading stocking distributor of fluid transfer and process pumps, positive displacement and centrifugal pumps, liquid filtration, valves, mixers and tanks. York offers an extensive range of services, including a complete repair and test centre, an engineering department, custom fabrication, and a machine and assembly shop.
York serves organizations of all sizes and from all industries, throughout Canada. Reliability, service excellence, a desire to solve customers' problems and the highest ethical standards underpin this family-owned company and all that it does.


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What's Included
About This Organizer
Gymkana Summer Camp extends the philosophy of the University of Maryland Gymkana Troupe by providing an opportunity for boys and girls of all abilities to learn gymnastics, while stressing healthy, drug-free living. Our camp provides an environment for children to learn and participate in gymnastics without the pressure of competition.
Organizer Info
University of Maryland Gymkana


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Located in South Amboy, New Jersey, our school system serves about 1200 students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. We invite you to learn more about our school district and its many programs.
The mission of the South Amboy School District, a diverse community of supportive and committed educators, parents, and citizens, is to empower each child to develop intellectually, physically, emotionally, and socially. To that end, the school district will ensure that each child will become a responsible, self-directed, and ethical citizen. It will accomplish this by providing a varied and challenging educational program within an environment which fosters excellence, initiative, and mutual respect.


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Looking for design inspiration? Browse our curated collections!
by Marion Rose
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You'll never run out of power again! If the battery on your smartphone or tablet is running low... no problem. Just plug your device into the USB port on the top of this portable battery charger, and then continue to use your device while it gets recharged.
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1.80" W x 3.875" H x 0.90" D
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These retired fishermen are enjoying just hanging out where the boats are, out of the way of the tourists at Vernazza in the Cinque Terre villages of Italy.
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Morning Discussion
Digging around, Walker discovered that one of the 'experts' quoted was a victim of selective quoting, while another who had offered some fascinating thoughts on ratings and regulation wasn't used in the story at all.
As for the source of the rape claims, Dr Carole Lieberman, she initially couldn't offer the sources of her beliefs, not having them on hand because "When the Columbine murders took place, there were national polls where people voted on what they believed caused the two young men to kill. Media violence ranked high on the list, so I, obviously mistakenly, assumed that people still knew about the studies showing this connection--and believed them to have proven the link." When she did round her sources up, Walker dutifully examined them to pull apart her argument.
It's top-notch work. Such tabloid claims about video games are rarely handled so well by the video games media. Do read.


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New York
UNIDO Office New York
General information
UNIDO's New York Office is responsible for representing the Organization at the United Nations Headquarters in New York and for ensuring that UNIDO is kept informed of the relevant discussions that are taking place in New York. It also aims to strengthen UNIDO's visibility and interaction with the United Nations system and other development/financing agencies based in New York and Washington.
The New York Office participates in numerous events related to industrial development in order to ensure that stakeholders better understand the relevance of industrial development for the elimination of poverty and for the achievement of the other internationally agreed development goals.
Contact us
Room DC1-1118
1, United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
United States of America
Tel: +1 (212) 963 6890, +1 (212) 963 6885
Fax: +1 (212) 963-7904
Fax: +1 (212) 963-7904