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Jeremy Lin got the best of Deron Williams last time these two teams matched up at Madison Square Garden. I expect this to be a hell of a battle tonight. Obviously Lin has been running ransack through the NBA the past two weeks. New Jersey has struggled all year but Williams is averaging 27.4 points per game in his last five games. The all-star point guard was reportedly unhappy with his performance in New York two weeks ago and he will be looking for revenge tonight. The 16-16 Knicks look to get above .500 and the Nets look to defeat their crosstown rivals. It should be fun.
Here's what to watch for:
- The point guards. Deron Williams verus Jeremy Lin is a primetime matchup. It's the classic all-star versus upstart matchup. Obviously New Jersey has been horrid once again this year but they always get up to play the Knicks. Even dating back to Williams' first start with the Nets last season, the Knicks and Nets always play tough games. Tonight will be no different. Williams will come out extra motivated to upstage the Knicks neophyte point guard and obviously Lin will be giving his usual strong efforts. When these two teams matched up earlier this year, Lin not only dominated offensively but shut down Williams defensively. Given the 46 minutes that Lin played yesterday, I have a hard time believing he will continually stifle Williams. I expect both point guards to play well in this game and I don't expect Williams to struggle offensively again.
- This is a big game for the Knicks. I know the Knicks are playing well. I know the Nets suck. I know a lot of fans are looking past this game. They shouldn't. This is a big game for the Knicks. Looking at the Knicks remaining schedule, there are only 13 "should win games" left on the schedule. "Should win games" are games the Knicks have against sub-500 teams. There are 34 games left in this NBA season and the Knicks are currently the 8th seed. The Knicks cannot afford to be blowing games, like last Friday at the Garden, against bad teams. If they are going to get up to the 3rd, 4th or 5th seed, they have to win the games they are supposed to win. Tonight is one of those games. With Atlanta and Miami coming up later in the week, a loss tonight would be devastating for the Knicks.
- The return of Carmelo Anthony. I personally think Melo and Lin will fit great together. What Melo's biggest problem was before Lin's emergence was the "point forward' role he was asked to play. The Knicks did not say "hey, we got a great point forward!" when they traded 4 starters and the statue of liberty to get Anthony last season. He is a scorer, and a pretty damn good one. Most people forget, the Knicks were 6-4 before Anthony was hampered by multiple injuries. He was balling. Given that Anthony is healthier than he was earlier in the year, I expect his play to improve. Carmelo Anthony is not stupid. He understands that New York is enticed with Linsanity right now and that if he screws it up he will be booed right out of the Garden. I think in terms of basketball, Melo is going to get plenty of touches and opportunities. I think the Knicks need to use Melo in the post more, as he is dominant posting up on the right block. I think with the emergence of JR Smith and Steve Novak, defenses can no longer double or triple team Melo. If he is posted up and defenders come down on him, he can kick it out to guys who can knock down open shots (i.e. not Bill Walker). To be completely honest, I could see Melo playing the best of his career if he is healthy. He has never played with a true distributing point guard, *cough* Chauncey Billups *cough*, like Jeremy Lin and I think Lin will find an open Melo in situations in which Toney Douglas miserably failed. I'm excited to see what happens.
- Baron Davis is supposed to play/Iman Shumpert is OUT. Shumpert has patella tendinitis on his left knee and is day-to-day. This is not the same knee he injured in the season opener against Boston. Baron Davis is expected to make his debut. If he can give the Knicks anything, he will be far superior to Toney Douglas and Mike Bibby. If Davis is able to spell Jeremy Lin 10-12 minutes a game and give the Knicks production, that will do wonders for both Lin and the team. If Lin plays 46 minutes every game, he will deteriorate in health and production. That is a fact. If Davis can play well enough to push Lin to 34-37 minutes a game, I think the young Knicks point guard will benefit greatly. D'Antoni's system seems to fit the skill set of both players and I am interested to see how Davis will play.
- Brook Lopez is also out… in case anybody cares about that.


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- Burkett Center
- Homepage
2019-2020 JEFCOED Teachers of the Year
Congratulations to the 2019-2020 JEFCOED Teachers of the Year! These teacher leaders have been selected by their school to represent them as their Teacher of the Year as well as serve on the Jefferson County Schools Superintendent's Teacher Advisory Council (STAC). They have been recognized for their excellence in teaching and their dedication to their profession as educators. Our district is grateful for the difference that these teachers are making in the lives of our students and we look forward to their continued leadership as they serve our district through STAC.
More About the Jefferson County Schools Superintendent's Teacher Advisory Council:
The Jefferson County Schools Superintendent's Teacher Advisory Council exists to promote and support four core components of professionalism: advocacy, communication, leadership, and outreach. The council offers a bridge between the Jefferson County Schools superintendent and JEFCOED teachers, providing a direct avenue of communication and a systematic way to leverage teacher leadership with the goal of improving student achievement throughout the district. The council will provide its members with valuable school district information and a forum to discuss challenges, issues, questions and celebrations from the perspectives of all feeder patterns throughout the school district.
|Adamsville Elementary
|Ashley Kizer
|Bagley Elementary
|Meredith Kilgore
|Bragg Middle
|Lisa Cole Hyde
|Brighton School
|Mandy Jayne Antwine
|Brookville Elementary
|Melisa Little
|Bryan Elementary
|Jennifer Murphy
|Burkett School
|Mary Bell
|Center Point Elementary
|Angela Griffith
|Center Point High
|Dr. Denise Weems Bryant
|Chalkville Elementary
|Karen Eddleman
|Clay Chalkville High
|Sonjia Gordon
|Clay Chalkville Middle
|Jordan Tyler
|Clay Elementary
|Melissa Hettich
|Concord Elementary
|Amy Smithey
|Corner High
|Jason Adcock
|Corner Middle
|Jennifer Rouse
|Crumly Chapel Elementary
|Anna Theros
|Erwin Intermediate
|Misty Zabriskie
|Erwin Middle
|Karen Powell
|Fultondale Elementary
|Ginger Wilson
|Fultondale High
|Tiffany Alexander
|Gardendale Elementary
|Kathy Casaday
|Gardendale High
|Allison Roney
|Grantswood Community
|Donita A. Hicks
|Greenwood Elementary
|ChiQuitta L. Williams
|Gresham Elementary
|Starla Castle
|Hillview Elementary
|Kimberly Carter
|Hueytown Elementary
|Emily Bivens
|Hueytown High
|Amanda Bryant
|Hueytown Middle
|Jamey Cerka-Wilks
|Irondale Community
|Nicole Donnell
|Irondale Middle
|Vachael Walton
|JCIB Middle
|DeLaura C. Downs
|Johnson Elementary
|Lisa Gray
|Lipscomb Elementary
|Stephanie Kidd
|McAdory Elementary
|Theresa Moyer
|McAdory High
|Stephanie Huffman
|McAdory Middle
|Tyler McCaleb
|Minor Community
|Sarah Wilcox Hines
|Minor High
|Brittney Miller
|Minor Middle
|Kwastina Melton
|Mortimer Jordan High
|Lisa Byrd
|Mount Olive Elementary
|Tasha Dill
|North Highland Elementary
|Shawna Davis
|North Jefferson Middle
|Cynthia S. Densmore
|Oak Grove Elementary
|Heather Baughn
|Oak Grove High
|Courtney Gardner
|Pinson Elementary
|Amelia Hattway Evans
|Pinson Valley High
|TaSharra Hilson
|Pleasant Grove Elementary
|Dorielle Dixon
|Pleasant Grove High
|NeKeisha Bone
|Rudd Middle
|Jennifer Patrick
|Shades Valley High / JCIB
|Sommer Brown
|Snow Rogers Elementary
|Brandi Wilson
|Warrior Elementary
|S. Allyson McCombs
|West Jefferson Elementary
|Dayna Raymond

subset: commoncrawl


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Insulin is a hormone in the body that helps control glucose levels in the blood. It helps transport glucose from the bloodstream to the cells for energy. Glucose is needed by all cells to perform their functions.
People with type 1 diabetes are unable to make insulin. While those with type 2 diabetes can make insulin, the body is resistant to it and unable to use it appropriately. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and the cells become starved, which can lead to serious health problems.
Insulin Shots
If you have diabetes, you may need to take insulin shots to make up for your body's inability to make or use naturally occurring insulin. You may need anywhere from 1-4 shots a day. The medication may also be given using a special injector pen or pump.
How much insulin you need depends on several factors, such as your:
- Residual insulin production
- Body weight
- Body fat percentage
- Physical activity level
- Diet
- Other medications that you take
- Emotional health, including your level of stress
- Overall health
Insulin Types
Here are different types of insulin that your doctor may prescribe and an approximate onset and duration of action:
Usually taken before a meal to target the sugars consumed during mealtime Works quickly and does not last long5-30 minutes 3-5 hours Lispro Aspart Glulisine
Usually taken before a meal to target the sugars consumed during mealtime Works quickly and does not last long30-60 minutes 5-12 hours Regular insulin (U-100)
Keeps blood sugar under control after rapid-acting insulin has stopped working Slowly absorbed by the body and is long-lasting2-4 hours 10-18 hours NPH
Keeps blood sugar under control after rapid-acting insulin has stopped working Slowly absorbed by the body and is long-lasting1-4 hours 18-24 hours Glargine (U-100) Detemir
There is also premixed insulin, which is a combination of two types. The mix usually consists of rapid- or short-acting insulin combined with intermediate-acting insulin.
You and your doctor will create a diabetes management plan that will outline steps for controlling your diabetes, which involves diet, physical activity, and medications like insulin. You may need to try different insulin doses or types until you find the regimen that works best for you.
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board - Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 06/2017 -
- Update Date: 07/14/2015 -


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focal length(redirected from Back focal length)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Acronyms, Encyclopedia.
Related to Back focal length: focal distance, Focus length
an expression of the longest dimension of an object, or of the measurement between its two ends.
crown-heel length (CHL) the distance from the crown of the head to the heel in embryos, fetuses, and infants; the equivalent of standing height in older persons.
crown-rump length (CRL) the distance from the crown of the head to the breech in embryos, fetuses, and infants; the equivalent of sitting height in older subjects.
cycle length in cardiac pacing terminology, the time interval in milliseconds from one event to the next; it is the inverse of the intrinsic rate (beats per minute) or the paced rate (pulses per minute).
focal length the distance between a lens and an object from which all rays of light are brought to a focus.
focal length
In optics, the length from the lens to the point of focus of light rays passing through the lens.
See also: length
length, focal
The linear distance separating the principal focal point (or focus) of an optical system from a point of reference (e.g. vertex, principal point, nodal point). The first (anterior) focal length is the distance from the lens (or first principal point) to the first principal focus. The second (posterior) focal length is the distance from the lens (or second principal point) to the second principal focus. Symbol: f.In a spherical mirror the focal length f, i.e. the distance between the focal point and the pole of the mirror, is equal to half its radius of curvature r
f= r/2Syn. focal distance. See principal focus; mirror; cardinal points; principal points; equivalent power; refractive power; sign convention.
1. limited to a small area or volume.
2. pertaining to or emanating from focus.
focal distance
see focal-film distance.
focal length
the distance between the lens and an object from which all rays of light are brought to a focus.
focal liver disease
widely disseminated micro-abscesses or abscesses, migration paths of helminth larvae.
focal macular melanosis
dark colored spots on the skin, not elevated above the skin surface but apt to be confused with melanosis.
focal myelitis-encephalitis
widely disseminated inflammatory lesions, usually the result of blood-borne infection, in brain and spinal cord.
focal symmetrical encephalomalacia
see focal symmetrical encephalomalacia.
focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia
see focal symmetrical spinal poliomalacia.
focal ulcerative dermatitis
manifest by ulcers in the unfeathered anterior breast skin of 4 to 5 months old male turkeys. The incidence is influenced by litter type. Called also breast buttons.
focal zone
in ultrasound, the area of the transducer where the sound beam is most sharply focussed and where the area under examination will give the best image.


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Manufactured from premium-quality TPU, a sturdy, long-lasting material which provides enduring protection from harm, this Samsung Galaxy S4 case is a professional and understated option for ensuring that Samsung\\\'s new flagship handset remains in top-notch condition. The case is easy to use: a plastic internal holder in its body allows the Samsung Galaxy S4 to be held securely in place at all times, providing increased stability during operation. Unlike many cases and covers, which can add excess weight, the Samsung Galaxy S4 case is made to be as lightweight and unobtrusive as possible, ensuring that the user experience is as comfortable and as streamlined as it can be. The Samsung Galaxy S4 case has a number of convenient cut-out ports in the back of its frame, enabling constant access to the 13 Megapixel camera of the Galaxy SIV. As a soft case, though, one of the chief utility features of the Samsung Galaxy S4 case is the side grip packaged into its frame, which enable you to keep your phone securely protected as your Smartphone moves in your hand
- Compatible with all versions of the Samsung Galaxy S4 i9500 SiV (Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, International)
- Material: TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) It\\\'s highly resistant to oil, dirt, and scratches with a look of a hard case but shock absorption and protectection of a soft case
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- Only Buy From Cable And Case TM- Other Sellers Are Selling An Inferior Product
- *Due to the varying color display of different brand monitors, actual case shell colors may differ from photo


text:
Padres unable to solve Roark in loss to Nationals
WASHINGTON -- For five fitful innings on a sun-kissed Saturday, just about everything that could go wrong for the Padres did go wrong, and in spades.
There were fielding and throwing errors, a potential double-play ball was dropped, a replay challenge went against them and pitcher Andrew Cashner was drilled in the right knee by a line drive.View Full Game Coverage
WASHINGTON -- For five fitful innings on a sun-kissed Saturday, just about everything that could go wrong for the Padres did go wrong, and in spades.
There were fielding and throwing errors, a potential double-play ball was dropped, a replay challenge went against them and pitcher Andrew Cashner was drilled in the right knee by a line drive.View Full Game Coverage
Eventually, there were too many obstacles for the Padres to overcome on Saturday, as Nationals pitcher Tanner Roark (2-0) tossed a shutout -- allowing three hits, while striking out eight -- as Washington topped the Padres, 4-0, before a crowd of 31,590 at Nationals Park.
A night after getting one-hit by Stephen Strasburg, Roark tied the Padres in knots with impressive command of his fastball and changeup. Roark didn't allow a hit -- or a baserunner -- until Rene Rivera, hitting just .167 when he stepped to the plate, slapped a single up the middle with one out in the sixth inning.
"He was aggressive," said Nationals manager Matt Williams. "He threw a lot of really good changeups today for strikes -- that's one of his weapons. He keeps lefties off balance with that and his comeback fastball in to the lefties, as well. He threw the ball really well."
How good and efficient was Roark? He needed all of six pitches to get three outs on three ground balls in the fifth inning.
Did we mention the Padres had no hits and just as many baserunners to that point?
"When you don't score and make a couple of errors, [shortcomings] become more magnified," said Padres manager Bud Black.
All told, Roark needed just 105 pitches to get his 27 outs.
Simply taking more pitches in hopes of making Roark work harder wasn't the approach Black wanted from his hitters.
"If the guy is throwing strikes and you're taking pitches, you're going to be behind in the count," Black said. "... If you're trying to make him work, you're going to be 0-1, 0-2 awfully quick. He was throwing strikes and working both sides of the plate with his fastball. We just couldn't square any balls up."
Roark's counterpart, Andrew Cashner, called his stuff as good as it's been at any time this month, with the one notable exception of where many of those pitches ended up -- over the heart of the plate. His two-seamer had late run and his slider had movement, but he couldn't steer the ball from the middle.
"I thought I threw some of the best pitches I've had," Cashner said. "I just couldn't stop the bleeding."
Cashner (2-3) was undermined by the defense behind him, as the Padres had a season-high three errors and could have -- and likely should have -- had a fourth, which changed Cashner's final line dramatically.
The Nationals (14-11) scored three runs in the bottom of the first inning, as Anthony Rendon -- who had four hits on Friday -- and Jayson Werth singled. Adam LaRoche had an RBI single and Ian Desmond and Danny Espinosa also knocked in runs.
Werth's ball was initially ruled as an error on second baseman Jedd Gyorko, who moved to his right and was in front of a hard ground ball that kicked off him and into shallow left field. Cashner, who was charged with four earned runs over six innings, could have easily been charged with two unearned runs.
Shortstop Everth Cabrera threw a ball into the seats on a double play he tried to complete himself after he stepped on second base. First baseman Yonder Alonso also threw a ball away. Gyorko was charged with an error in the fifth inning, when he overran a ball.
Black sensed that position players might be allowing their offensive struggles -- the team has a collective .221 average -- to affect their defensive play.
"We've got to stay away from our hitters letting their offense go into their defense. That's been talked about," Black said. "Whether that's happening because we're not swinging the bats, we'll address that."
Aside from Rivera's hit, the Padres -- who have scored one run over their last 18 innings -- got a single by Gyorko in the seventh inning and a single by Chris Denorfia in the ninth.
"We do hope our offense gets better," Black said.
So far, it hasn't happened. No matter the mixing Black has done with the lineup, it's been terribly difficult to squeeze runs out of the offense with the team's top two hitters coming into the season -- outfielder Carlos Quentin and third baseman Chase Headley -- on the disabled list.
There is a sense in the Padres' clubhouse that things will change, that better at-bats are coming and, with that, better offensive production. But 25 games into the season, and with May less than a week away, it still hasn't happened.
"We're going to get out of this sooner or later," Rivera insisted. "We just have to keep playing baseball. I still think we've got a good ballclub."
Corey Brock is a reporter for MLB.com. Keep track of @FollowThePadres on Twitter.


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London Check and Leather Sneakers
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the UK. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- Smart, versatile sneakers in textural London check with smooth leather accents. A padded cuff, moulded insole and gripped rubber sole are engineered for comfort and support.
- Upper: 65% calf leather, 35% PVC
- Lining: 85% sheep leather, 15% polyester
- Sole: 100% rubber
- Lace-up closure
- Raised Burberry lettering at heel
- Imported
Item 40567661


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Antique chandeliers were once a symbol of wealth, but today they're ubiquitous lighting fixtures. Antique chandelier lighting adds elegance and class to any room in your home, and it's available in a variety of designs, sizes, and finishes. Complete your home's vintage look with antique ceiling fans.
Style Your Space with Antique Chandelier Lighting
Del Mar Designs offers a large selection of chandelier lighting for your residence, including antique chandeliers. In the past, chandeliers were used power positions such as dining room and entryways, where guests would notice them and turn them into a conversation piece. No longer just for upscale homes, antique chandeliers are now appropriate for any room in a home - bathrooms, kitchens, nooks, and more. Pair your antique chandelier light with close to ceiling lighting such as flush mounts and semi-flush light fixtures for balance illumination. Don't forget about your patio, illuminate your home's exterior with outdoor hanging lights. The low prices of chandelier lighting fixtures has helped antique chandeliers become popular among consumers.
Even for homeowners who want to purchase an antique chandelier, it may be quite a challenge to figure out which one to purchase. To help homeowners with this dilemma, Del Mar Designs even provides them with a chandelier buying guide on their website that informs them on what to look for when deciding how to choose an antique chandelier. Said guide will direct homeowners on how to make sure that the chandelier they pick will be the right size for their rooms. Said guide also includes tips for homeowners who want to display their antique chandelier in their foyer.
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text:
Quartets for Trombone - Book 2 - Volume 1 - Adaptable Chamber Music Series (ACM)
Quartets for Trombone - Book 2 - Volume 1 - Adaptable Chamber Music Series (ACM)
Book 2 includes: Score in C
(For Performance - 1 book per stand is recommended)
Each Volume of these Quartets is published in four books with transposed parts for common wind instruments. Each group is written in the major key for the specified instrument unless otherwise noted. (For example: Trumpet in Bb, Flute in C, Horn in F, Alto Saxophone in Eb, etc...) Each book may be used with similar or mixed instrument groups as long as the part name, book and volume # match. Mixed instrument groupings should be as closely configured to SATB style as possible. [Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass: Higher instruments on the top voices, lower towards the bottom, like a choir.]
The arrangements are written within the standard range for each instrument based on difficulty level (book #). The length of arrangement is also based on difficulty. For the most fun work your way up to Book 4 where original notation, articulation, phrase markings and key signatures are closely referenced!
A note for younger players: Take your time! Work slowly & precisely in steps. Along the way, focus on consistent air/breath control, accurate intonation, strict rhythm, clean attacks, dynamic contrast/balance, full phrasing, and all expression markings. Familiarize yourself with the composer's names, writing styles & harmonies. Lastly, have fun!
*This series is dedicated to Mr. Michael Nestor, Director of Bands at the Savannah Arts Academy.


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Terms & information
To validate the limited Lifetime Warranty, the Warranty Registration Card must be filled out and sent to Fernandes Guitars within ten days of purchase.
Fernandes instruments are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for the limited lifetime of the instrument. While under warranty, all replaceent parts and labor will be provided without charge.
This warranty applies to the original purchaser only and is non-transferable (guitars purchased as used are not under warranty).
Should your instrument require service you must contact the Fernandes dealer you purchased the instrument from. The Fernandes dealer will determine if the instrument can be repaired at their location or if it needs to be returned to Fernandes. The dealer must contact Fernandes for a Return Authorization Number. Next, securely pack your instrument along with a copy of the original sales receipt and write the Return Authorization Number on the outside of the shipping carton. All transportaion charges are responsibility of the purchaser.
This warranty does not cover damage caused by misuse, accident, neglect or normal wear and tear. Also, excluded from coverage is damage to battery box or instrument's wood or finish due to the natural properties of wood with climatic changes. Determination of all such damage shall be by Fernandes Guitars.
Fernandes Guitars reserves the right to replace or repair defective instruments. In the event a duplicate part or instrument is not available, Fernandes Guitars will replace the part or instrument with one of equal or greater value. Fernandes Guitars is not responsible for any incidental or censequential damages resulting from any defect or faailure of the instrument other than the repair or replacement under the terms of this warranty. This warranty gives the purchaser legal rights, which vary from state to state, and is in lieu of any and all other warranties or agreements either expressed or implied, except as may otherwise be required by law.


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Latin American leaders slammed European governments on Wednesday for diverting Bolivian President Evo Morales' plane on rumors it was carrying a wanted former U.S. spy agency contractor, and announced an emergency summit in a new diplomatic twist to the Edward Snowden saga.
Bolivia said Morales was returning from Moscow on Tuesday when France and Portugal abruptly banned his plane from entering their airspace due to suspicions that Snowden, wanted by Washington for leaking secrets, was onboard. Italy and Spain also banned the plane from their skies, it said.
The unusual treatment of the Bolivian military aircraft touched a sensitive nerve in the region, which has a history of U.S.-backed coups. Regional leaders, particularly from the left, rallied behind Morales, Bolivia's first indigenous president and a former union leader of the country's coca farmers.
"(These are) vestiges of a colonialism that we thought were long over. We believe this constitutes not only the humiliation of a sister nation but of all South America," Argentine President Cristina Kirchner said in a speech in Buenos Aires.
Heads of state in the 12-nation South American bloc Unasur denounced the "unfriendly and unjustifiable acts." The grouping issued a statement late on Wednesday saying the presidents of Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Argentina, Uruguay and Surinam had agreed to attend a summit in Cochabamba, Bolivia, on Thursday.
"Latin America demands an explanation," tweeted Ecuadorean leader Rafael Correa. "If what happened to Evo does not merit a Unasur summit, I don't know what does."
Dilma Rousseff, president of regional economic powerhouse Brazil, issued a statement repudiating the European countries that denied Morales access to their airspace based on what she called the "fanciful" notion that Snowden might be on board.
The Chilean Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying it "lamented" what happened to Morales and that more clarity was needed on the facts.
Much more blunt was the statement from Mexico's Congress condemning what it called the "disgraceful and discriminatory" treatment Morales had received in Europe.
A spokesman at France's Foreign Ministry blamed the flap on "an administrative mishap," saying France never intended to ban Morales from its airspace and that there were delays in getting confirmation that the plane had fly-over permits.
International agreements allow civilian airplanes to overfly countries without obtaining permission ahead of every flight. But state aircraft including Air Force One, the plane that carries the U.S. president, must obtain clearance before they cross into foreign territory.
Government aircraft, whether carrying diplomats or missiles, always require approval before they can enter foreign airspace, legal experts said.
"Every state on the basis of state sovereignty has the right to deny overflight to state aircraft," said John Mulligan, a research fellow at the International Aviation Law Institute at DePaul University in Chicago.
Anti-U.S rhetoric
Bolivian officials were quick on Tuesday to accuse the United States of strong-arming the Europeans into denying access to their air space in an "act of intimidation" against Morales for suggesting that while attending an energy conference in Moscow he would consider granting asylum to Snowden if requested. Morales said earlier this week no request had been made.
The White House declined to comment on the assertion that it was behind the plane scandal.
President Barack Obama has warned that giving Snowden asylum would carry serious costs.
Morales was expected back in Bolivia on Wednesday night.
Snowden is believed to be still in the transit area of a Moscow airport, where he has been trying since June 23 to find a country that will offer him refuge from prosecution in the United States on espionage charges.
The Bolivian government said it had filed a formal complaint with the United Nations and was studying other legal avenues to prove its rights had been violated under international law.
Morales has yet to restore full diplomatic relations with the United States after expelling the U.S. ambassador in 2008.
In May of this year, Morales expelled a U.S. development agency from Bolivia in protest after U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry referred to Latin America as Washington's "backyard."
The comment was a stark reminder of the United States' history exploiting South America's natural resources and supporting some repressive right-wing governments.
This week's diplomatic mess was bad news for American expatriates planning to celebrate the Fourth of July at the U.S. Embassy in La Paz. The embassy said late on Wednesday that its Independence Day party had been put off "until further notice."
(Additional reporting by David Ingram in Washington, Daniel Ramos in La Paz, Marco Aquino in Lima, Brian Ellsworth in Caracas, Anthony Boadle in Brasilia, Miguel Gutierrez in Mexico City, and Alexandra Ulmer in Santiago; Editing by Xavier Briand and Peter Cooney)


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The Republican Party has long been known for its hard stance against illegal immigration. But former Florida governor Jeb Bush said that many immigrants come to the U.S. as an "act of love" to provide for their families. It's still a crime, he said, but one that should be treated differently from other crimes. Is Jeb Bush right? Can he still win the GOP presidential nomination with his stance?
Won't be president
One thing's for certain: Jeb Bush will never be president. The GOP voters who pick their party's nominee will never select a man who speaks about illegal immigrants in such empathetic, humane terms.
Which is great for Democrats.
It's been a decade since John Judis and Ruy Teixeira produced "The Emerging Democratic Majority," which predicted America's demographic trends — particularly the growth of the Latino population — would produce an electorate increasingly inclined to vote for Democrats and against Republicans.
The 2012 election — in which Mitt Romney received the votes of most white guys and Barack Obama collected a majority of everybody else — seemed to confirm that thesis. And Republicans knew it too: It's why Sean Hannity almost immediately softened his rhetoric on immigration after that election, and why Sen. Marco Rubio spent a year in his failed attempt to bring the Democratic and Republican parties together on a grand bargain to achieve some level of immigration reform.
But it wasn't the Democrats who failed Rubio. It was the GOP base, which won't allow their representatives to vote for any measure that offers any path to citizenship for illegal immigrants who are already here. How silly.
Unless you're a Native American, your parents or grandparents or great-grandparents came here for the exact same reasons immigrants come today, facing the exact same challenges — ranging from language barriers to simple contempt — faced by today's immigrants. Republicans want you to believe this wave is different, somehow, more threatening to the American identity. That's what conservatives said during previous immigration waves, going all the way back to Ben Franklin's time.
Millions of immigrants here now aren't, for the most part, going home. They have family and friends who vote, though; someday, too, their children and grandchildren will vote. Forget "love" as a justification; you'd think the GOP would love its own electoral prospects enough to change. It doesn't. It's going to be a great few decades to be a Democrat.
— Joel Mathis
All you need is love?
If illegal immigration is an "act of love," what does that make legal immigration? An act of compliance? How boring. Love and bureaucracy don't mix.
As "acts of love" go, however, it's difficult to pinpoint where exactly sneaking across the border might fall on the spectrum. It seems more momentous than a first kiss or a first marriage, but less significant than the birth of a child or remaining devoted to the Chicago Cubs.
As you can see, the metaphor runs into trouble quickly. How many adulterers could justify cheating on their spouses as an "act of love"? What are crimes of passion if not perverted "acts of love"? What is sin if not love misdirected?
We're talking policy, not theology. Not all illegal acts are immoral, and not all immoral acts are illegal. But we really don't need a potential Republican presidential candidate confusing people about the rule of law this way.
Gov. Bush is right about this much: As crimes go, crossing the border of the United States illegally isn't quite so bad as murder, rape or disturbing a federally protected wetland. The hardworking men and women at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement bureau will tell you it's much more serious than jaywalking or breaking the speed limit, however.
But the truth is, federal agents are more likely to use force against a rancher raising "trespass cattle" in Clark County, Nev., than they are to crack down on the thousands of people trespassing daily on U.S. soil in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. That may not tell you everything you need to know about the government's misplaced priorities, but it should tell you a great deal.
Bush believes some illegal immigration "is a different kind of crime" and that even though "there should be a price paid … it shouldn't rile people up that people are actually coming to this country to provide for their families."
This is wishful thinking, not serious statesmanship. But given the intractable politics of immigration reform, perhaps it's better to play down hard-nosed considerations of sovereignty, security, assimilation, and citizenship — the stuff that nations depend upon to survive. Who needs a green card when all you need is love?
— Ben Boychuk
Ben Boychuk is associate editor of the Manhattan Institute's City Journal. Joel Mathis is a contributing editor to Philadelphia Magazine. email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


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Wildfire Prompts Evacuation at Magic Mountain Amusement Park
The climate crisis is now invading amusement parks.
A wildfire that erupted Sunday near Los Angeles forced evacuations from the Six Flags Magic Mountain and Six Flags Hurricane Harbor parks, NBC News reported.
"I was getting iced coffee and when I walked outside, ash was raining down on me," Rachel Gallat, who was visiting a friend who works at the park, told The Associated Press of the experience. "There was a big cloud of smoke. I saw people around me panicking; they didn't know where they were supposed to go."
Climate change has driven an increase in the severity and frequency of fires in the Western U.S., extended the fire season in some areas and nearly doubled the amount of land burned in the last 35 years, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.
Sunday's evacuations came after the Sky Fire ignited around noon near Valencia, California, sending smoke into the sky that made the air near the amusement parks unsafe to breathe, according to NBC News. Magic Mountain is the nation's 14th busiest amusement park and averages 9,200 visitors a day. Hundreds headed to the exit following the evacuation order, The Associated Press reported.
"Six Flags Magic Mountain and Hurricane Harbor are currently being evacuated due to the Sky Incident brush fire. The safety and well being of our guests and team members is our top priority," the parks' management said at about 12:30 p.m., as NBC News reported.
Firefighters had the fire 50 percent contained as of 9:30 p.m. Sunday, The Los Angeles Times reported. It had burned 40 acres and sent nine people to the hospital due to smoke exposure. No structures were damaged.
The Los Angeles County Fire Department did not order the park evacuations.
"Magic Mountain is evacuating, but they are doing it on their own," supervising dispatcher Melanie Flores told The Los Angeles Times. "We did not tell them to do this."
Fire officials actually told park guests to shelter in place about half an hour after the initial evacuation order because of road closures blocking the park exit, The Associated Press reported. Guests were told to wait in the back of the property while firefighters attacked the fire near the front.
Shalane Gonzales, a 34-year-old park visitor, was directed back to the parking lot when she tried to pick up her partner and two sons at the entrance.
"The fire was feet away from where we were," she told The Associated Press.
Once the roads were reopened, the park closed for the day. It should reopen Monday at 10:30 a.m., The Los Angeles Times reported.
The outbreak of the fire coincided with the first summer heat wave in southern California.
"Temperatures at Magic Mountain were between 93 and 96," National Weather Service in Oxnard meteorologist Kathy Hoxsie told The Los Angeles Times. "Overall, we're looking at 10 percent humidity, gusts up to 35 mph in some places, and temperatures up 10 degrees from yesterday — so, we're definitely hitting critical fire conditions."
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
9,000 Flee 'Unprecedented' Wildfires on Spain's Gran Canaria Island
Wildfires raging on Gran Canaria, the second most populous of Spain's Canary Islands, have forced around 9,000 people to evacuate.
Washington State Kills Last of Wolf Pack Hours Before Court-Ordered Reprieve
The last four members of an embattled wolf pack were killed in Washington State Friday, hours before the court order that could have saved them.
How to Counter Trump's Disastrous Attack on Our Public Lands
By Randi Spivak
Slashing two national monuments in Utah may have received the most attention, but Trump's Interior Department and U.S. Forest Service have been quietly, systematically ceding control of America's public lands to fossil fuel, mining, timber and livestock interests since the day he took office.
Hawaii's Kilauea volcano could be gearing up for an eruption after a pond of water was discovered inside its summit crater for the first time in recorded history, according to the AP.
'Alarming' Report Uses NASA Satellite Data to Reveal World's Toxic Air Pollution Hotspots
A new report by Greenpeace International pinpointed the world's worst sources of sulfur dioxide pollution, an irritant gas that harms human health. India has seized the top spot from Russia and China, contributing nearly 15 percent of global sulfur dioxide emissions.
Norway Freezes $33.2M Transfer to Brazil's Amazon Fund Amid Deforestation 'Surge'
By Sue Branford and Thais Borges
Ola Elvestrun, Norway's environment minister, announced Thursday that it is freezing its contributions to the Amazon Fund, and will no longer be transferring €300 million ($33.2 million) to Brazil. In a press release, the Norwegian embassy in Brazil stated:
Given the present circumstances, Norway does not have either the legal or the technical basis for making its annual contribution to the Amazon Fund.
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro reacted with sarcasm to Norway's decision, which had been widely expected. After an official event, he commented: "Isn't Norway the country that kills whales at the North Pole? Doesn't it also produce oil? It has no basis for telling us what to do. It should give the money to Angela Merkel [the German Chancellor] to reforest Germany."
According to its website, the Amazon Fund is a "REDD+ mechanism created to raise donations for non-reimbursable investments in efforts to prevent, monitor and combat deforestation, as well as to promote the preservation and sustainable use in the Brazilian Amazon." The bulk of funding comes from Norway and Germany.
The annual transfer of funds from developed world donors to the Amazon Fund depends on a report from the Fund's technical committee. This committee meets after the National Institute of Space Research, which gathers official Amazon deforestation data, publishes its annual report with the definitive figures for deforestation in the previous year.
But this year the Amazon Fund's technical committee, along with its steering committee, COFA, were abolished by the Bolsonaro government on 11 April as part of a sweeping move to dissolve some 600 bodies, most of which had NGO involvement. The Bolsonaro government views NGO work in Brazil as a conspiracy to undermine Brazil's sovereignty.
The Brazilian government then demanded far-reaching changes in the way the fund is managed, as documented in a previous article. As a result, the Amazon Fund's technical committee has been unable to meet; Norway says it therefore cannot continue making donations without a favorable report from the committee.
Archer Daniels Midland soy silos in Mato Grosso along the BR-163 highway, where Amazon rainforest has largely been replaced by soy destined for the EU, UK, China and other international markets.
Thaís Borges.
An Uncertain Future
The Amazon Fund was announced during the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali, during a period when environmentalists were alarmed at the rocketing rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. It was created as a way of encouraging Brazil to continue bringing down the rate of forest conversion to pastures and croplands.
Government agencies, such as IBAMA, Brazil's environmental agency, and NGOs shared Amazon Fund donations. IBAMA used the money primarily to enforce deforestation laws, while the NGOs oversaw projects to support sustainable communities and livelihoods in the Amazon.
There has been some controversy as to whether the Fund has actually achieved its goals: in the three years before the deal, the rate of deforestation fell dramatically but, after money from the Fund started pouring into the Amazon, the rate remained fairly stationary until 2014, when it began to rise once again. But, in general, the international donors have been pleased with the Fund's performance, and until the Bolsonaro government came to office, the program was expected to continue indefinitely.
Norway has been the main donor (94 percent) to the Amazon Fund, followed by Germany (5 percent), and Brazil's state-owned oil company, Petrobrás (1 percent). Over the past 11 years, the Norwegians have made, by far, the biggest contribution: R$3.2 billion ($855 million) out of the total of R$3.4 billion ($903 million).
Up till now the Fund has approved 103 projects, with the dispersal of R$1.8 billion ($478 million). These projects will not be affected by Norway's funding freeze because the donors have already provided the funding and the Brazilian Development Bank is contractually obliged to disburse the money until the end of the projects. But there are another 54 projects, currently being analyzed, whose future is far less secure.
One of the projects left stranded by the dissolution of the Fund's committees is Projeto Frutificar, which should be a three-year project, with a budget of R$29 million ($7.3 million), for the production of açai and cacao by 1,000 small-scale farmers in the states of Amapá and Pará. The project was drawn up by the Brazilian NGO IPAM (Institute of Environmental research in Amazonia).
Paulo Moutinho, an IPAM researcher, told Globo newspaper: "Our program was ready to go when the [Brazilian] government asked for changes in the Fund. It's now stuck in the BNDES. Without funding from Norway, we don't know what will happen to it."
Norway is not the only European nation to be reconsidering the way it funds environmental projects in Brazil. Germany has many environmental projects in the Latin American country, apart from its small contribution to the Amazon Fund, and is deeply concerned about the way the rate of deforestation has been soaring this year.
The German environment ministry told Mongabay that its minister, Svenja Schulze, had decided to put financial support for forest and biodiversity projects in Brazil on hold, with €35 million ($39 million) for various projects now frozen.
The ministry explained why: "The Brazilian government's policy in the Amazon raises doubts whether a consistent reduction in deforestation rates is still being pursued. Only when clarity is restored, can project collaboration be continued."
Bauxite mines in Paragominas, Brazil. The Bolsonaro administration is urging new laws that would allow large-scale mining within Brazil's indigenous reserves.
Hydro / Halvor Molland / Flickr
Alternative Amazon Funding
Although there will certainly be disruption in the short-term as a result of the paralysis in the Amazon Fund, the governors of Brazil's Amazon states, which rely on international funding for their environmental projects, are already scrambling to create alternative channels.
In a press release issued yesterday Helder Barbalho, the governor of Pará, the state with the highest number of projects financed by the Fund, said that he will do all he can to maintain and increase his state partnership with Norway.
Barbalho had announced earlier that his state would be receiving €12.5 million ($11.1 million) to run deforestation monitoring centers in five regions of Pará. Barbalho said: "The state governments' monitoring systems are recording a high level of deforestation in Pará, as in the other Amazon states. The money will be made available to those who want to help [the Pará government reduce deforestation] without this being seen as international intervention."
Amazonas state has funding partnerships with Germany and is negotiating deals with France. "I am talking with countries, mainly European, that are interested in investing in projects in the Amazon," said Amazonas governor Wilson Miranda Lima. "It is important to look at Amazônia, not only from the point of view of conservation, but also — and this is even more important — from the point of view of its citizens. It's impossible to preserve Amazônia if its inhabitants are poor."
Signing of the EU-Mercusor Latin American trading agreement earlier this year. The pact still needs to be ratified.
Council of Hemispheric Affairs
Looming International Difficulties
The Bolsonaro government's perceived reluctance to take effective measures to curb deforestation may in the longer-term lead to a far more serious problem than the paralysis of the Amazon Fund.
In June, the European Union and Mercosur, the South American trade bloc, reached an agreement to create the largest trading bloc in the world. If all goes ahead as planned, the pact would account for a quarter of the world's economy, involving 780 million people, and remove import tariffs on 90 percent of the goods traded between the two blocs. The Brazilian government has predicted that the deal will lead to an increase of almost $100 billion in Brazilian exports, particularly agricultural products, by 2035.
But the huge surge this year in Amazon deforestation is leading some European countries to think twice about ratifying the deal. In an interview with Mongabay, the German environment ministry made it very clear that Germany is very worried about events in the Amazon: "We are deeply concerned given the pace of destruction in Brazil … The Amazon Forest is vital for the atmospheric circulation and considered as one of the tipping points of the climate system."
The ministry stated that, for the trade deal to go ahead, Brazil must carry out its commitment under the Paris Climate agreement to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent below the 2005 level by 2030. The German environment ministry said: If the trade deal is to go ahead, "It is necessary that Brazil is effectively implementing its climate change objectives adopted under the [Paris] Agreement. It is precisely this commitment that is expressly confirmed in the text of the EU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement."
Blairo Maggi, Brazil agriculture minister under the Temer administration, and a major shareholder in Amaggi, the largest Brazilian-owned commodities trading company, has said very little in public since Bolsonaro came to power; he's been "in a voluntary retreat," as he puts it. But Maggi is so concerned about the damage Bolsonaro's off the cuff remarks and policies are doing to international relationships he decided to speak out earlier this week.
Former Brazil Agriculture Minister Blairo Maggi, who has broken a self-imposed silence to criticize the Bolsonaro government, saying that its rhetoric and policies could threaten Brazil's international commodities trade.
Senado Federal / Visualhunt / CC BY
Maggi, a ruralista who strongly supports agribusiness, told the newspaper, Valor Econômico, that, even if the European Union doesn't get to the point of tearing up a deal that has taken 20 years to negotiate, there could be long delays. "These environmental confusions could create a situation in which the EU says that Brazil isn't sticking to the rules." Maggi speculated. "France doesn't want the deal and perhaps it is taking advantage of the situation to tear it up. Or the deal could take much longer to ratify — three, five years."
Such a delay could have severe repercussions for Brazil's struggling economy which relies heavily on its commodities trade with the EU. Analysists say that Bolsonaro's fears over such an outcome could be one reason for his recently announced October meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping, another key trading partner.
Maggi is worried about another, even more alarming, potential consequence of Bolsonaro's failure to stem illegal deforestation — Brazil could be hit by a boycott by its foreign customers. "I don't buy this idea that the world needs Brazil … We are only a player and, worse still, replaceable." Maggi warns, "As an exporter, I'm telling you: things are getting very difficult. Brazil has been saying for years that it is possible to produce and preserve, but with this [Bolsonaro administration] rhetoric, we are going back to square one … We could find markets closed to us."
- Brazil's New President Could Spell Catastrophe for the Amazon ... ›
- Amazon Deforestation Increase Prompts Germany to Cut $39.5M in ... ›
Gina Lopez, a former Philippine environment secretary, philanthropist and eco-warrior, died on Aug. 19 from brain cancer. She was 65.
Shell Union Workers Told to Attend Trump Speech or Lose Pay
Thousands of union members at a multibillion dollar petrochemical plant outside of Pittsburgh were given a choice last week: Stand and wait for a speech by Donald Trump or take the day off without pay.


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Staff writer
Marion County Planning and Zoning Director Tonya Richards brought the county commission recommended zoning regulation changes on Monday.
There were two changes suggested by the Planning and Zoning Board. The first was to allow existing parcels to be landlocked between properties owned by other owners as long as there is an easement that provides utility and road access to a residence.
The second was to allow noncompliant manufactured homes — trailers made before 1994 — to be moved within the county. Noncompliant trailers from outside the county would still not be allowed to move into the county. All manufactured homes would need to meet U.S. Housing and Urban Development specifications, which began in 1974, Richards said.
The commission had no problem with the second change, but Randy Dallke suggested an amendment parcel split regulation. He suggested that new construction could be permitted on a landlocked parcel if the owner applies for an easement through a conditional use permit process.
Richards was initially against the idea because she said it is much easier for utility access if a residence can be reached from the road. There is no guarantee that landowners would maintain an easement driveway with any regularity. However, Richards said that the conditional use permit process, which requires builders to state the reasons for building on a land locked parcel, would be enough to ensure that a builder was committed to maintaining an easement. She said she would take the amended regulations back to the Planning and Zoning Board.
Richards and Transfer Station Director Rollin Schmidt requested the authority to refuse demolition of a property if the property was not inspected.
A recent dust-filled demolition was the inspiration for the request. Schmidt was concerned about asbestos in the former commercial property. With commercial properties, owners are required by state law to have the building inspected for asbestos.
There is no such law governing residential properties. The commission approved the request and said that if Schmidt or Richards suspects there might be asbestos in a demolition property, that they can request an inspection.
If asbestos is found and the owner does not want to have the asbestos professionally removed, they said the owner could remove the hazardous substance and take it to a landfill in Sedgwick County, which disposes of asbestos.
In other business:
- An extension was approved for a 10-year neighborhood revitalization rebate at 1 Lois Lane at Marion County Park and Lake. Gary Fritzler originally applied for a rebate in June 2010, but building, planned for July 2010, stalled because of architectural problems. Commissioners granted the extension although building had not started as long as Fritzler applied for a new building permit, began construction by May 1 and complete construction by Dec. 31, 2013. The rebate is set on a sliding scale based on property valuation, appraiser Cindy Magill said.
- The commission approved $4,000 to be paid to Ty Wheeler of Kansas Legal Services. Kansas Legal Services provides Marion County residents with low-cost legal services primarily for domestic and disability cases.
- The commission received a memorandum from County Attorney Susan Robson stating that the Kansas Attorney General's office would be prosecuting the case against Gary Williams. With the charges being for an off-grid felony, it is standard procedure for the Attorney General's office to prosecute.


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If you have been wondering how you can help out, here is one way. :-)
A quick introduction:
If you don't know me, I am looking after many of the perl.org services with Robert Spier. When I started I helped look after the majordomo system it was running on then. Soon after I moved the lists and the websites we hosted to a computer under my desk at ValueClick where I did work back then. Later Perl.org got moved to a better server and installed in the ValueClick colocation facility where it stayed for ~4 years.
A few years ago Ticketmaster helped us get our own rack at the wonderful IX2 facility and our own bandwidth from Internap. We know have a full rack of old servers. The mailing list server is one of the 1U Dell servers near the bottom of the rack (donated by ShopZilla). We actually have the rack next to this one too now, but it's almost empty. Robert and I are planning to go and spend a day there around christmas and install some new (old) stuff in the empty rack and do some re-organizing. We post updates on that sort of thing in the Perl NOC Log occasionally.
Anyway, now go back to read about helping us with the list-owner emails


text: In a era where most DJ's focus on their celebrity status and following the leader instead of the listeners/fans DJ Bandana Black does the exact opposite, Which is the reason he has been hands down the fans favorite for years and counting. Not only does he consistently give the listeners all the music they want but he also engages the listeners in a way that they make it a point to not miss a single minute when he is on-air. If he is not breaking the newest & hottest records on the Radio and Mix-tapes ,than you can catch him Spinning at all your Favorite Clubs,Concerts and Venues. DJ Bandana Black can be heard on Power 102 Jamz Thursday & Sunday Nights. Be sure to keep up with DJ Bandana Black on all social media outlets —> @DJBandanaBlack


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The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is seeking public comment on a proposal that would benefit the wholesale gas market by updating and improving standards for business practices of interstate natural gas pipelines.
FERC today issued a proposed rule that would amend its regulations to incorporate by reference, with certain exceptions, the latest version of business practice standards adopted by the Wholesale Gas Quadrant of the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) applicable to natural gas pipelines. These are known as Version 2.0 Standards.
The new standards include provisions that support coordination between the natural gas and electric industries, standards for pipeline postings of information regarding waste heat, and general revisions to the standards designed to allow more efficient processing of wholesale natural gas transactions. FERC proposes not to adopt certain NAESB standards regarding posting of operationally available and unsubscribed capacity that appear to conflict with Commission regulations.
With respect to the standards regarding coordination between the natural gas and electric industries, the new standards provide public utilities and other shippers with clear identification of changes in pipelines' system conditions by creating 15 new notice types posted on the pipelines' websites and disseminated through email. The new notice types inform shippers and interested parties of intraday bumps, operational flow orders and other critical notices. The use of these additional notice categories should enable shippers to more quickly identify changes in pipeline conditions by enabling them to filter pipeline notices more efficiently.
FERC proposes that pipelines implement the new standards beginning the first day of the month four full months after issuance of a final rule. Pipelines also would be required to file revised tariffs reflecting the new standards at least two months before implementation of the new standards. A sample of the revised tariff may be viewed here: http://www.ferc.gov/industries/gas/indus-act/pipelines/standards.asp
Comments are due 30 days after publication in the Federal Register. They may be filed either electronically using the eFiling link at www.ferc.gov (Documents and Filings tab) or by postal mail to FERC, Secretary of the Commission, 888 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20426.


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by Katie Parker, sports information graduate assistant
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. - The Georgia College & State University women's basketball team (18-7, 11-4 PBC) was victorious in Saturday's (Feb. 20) Homecoming catfight against the Columbus State University Cougars (15-10, 9-6 PBC), winning 55-43 at the Centennial Center.
Junior Chimere Jordan (Gray, Ga.) led the Bobcats with 17 points and a career-high of six steals. She also snagged six rebounds, five of which were off the defensive glass.
Forward Tammeshia Law (Athens, Ga.) helped the Georgia College offensive efforts, scoring a career-high of 15 points, her fourth double-digit scoring game for the 2009-10 campaign. The sophomore also had a team-best today of seven boards.
Senior Antoinette Reames (Orlando, Fla.) rounded out the double-digit scoring for the Bobcats with 11 points. She grabbed five rebounds and claimed four steals, while swatting one. Her classmate and fellow Florida native, Shandrea Moore (Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.) recorded a team-high tonight of six assists.
For the Columbus State, Phebe Smith and Monique Jackson put up 10 points each. Renee Jackson led the Cougars in assists with five, while Hali Moore led the team with seven boards.
Columbus State out-rebounded Georgia College 36-34, while GCSU outshot CSU .382 to .341 from the floor. The Bobcats outscored the Cougars 22-16 on points in the paint and 14-4 on second chance points. However, Columbus State's bench outscored the Georgia College bench 14-6.
At 11-4 in conference play, the Bobcats sit atop the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) West standings, leading Clayton State University by one game.
The Bobcats are back in action Wednesday, Feb. 24 for Senior Night against PBC opponent the University of Montevallo, starting at 5:30 p.m.
The GCSU Department of Athletics, winners of the 2008-09 PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, GCSU prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the Bobcats' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at Twitter.com username GCSUSID for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCSUBobcats.com to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GCSU Athletics Hall of Fame.


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As a Cadet, you'll take part in a full and
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If you're at university, you can join a first aid society.


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The number of homeowners falling behind on their mortgages for the first time has finally fallen close to pre-housing-crisis levels, but those already in trouble on their mortgages may still not be getting a fair shake from their lenders.
(Read More: Underwater Mortgages: CNBC Explains)
New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced Monday he is suing Bank of America and Wells Fargo for, "339 violations of standards agreed to," under the National Mortgage Servicing Settlement. That settlement, signed by the nation's five largest lenders in early 2012, was the result of so-called "robo-signing," or foreclosure paperwork infractions and fraud.


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|Mix up the pieces and put them back to start
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An interesting packing puzzle. There is a half-cube frame, some internal pieces with pegs, and a series of plaques with holes. To solve the puzzle, you must arrange the internal pieces in order to fit the constraints of the plaque. This is quite challenging as the plaques can be rotated multiple ways respective to each other.
Made in wood and stainless steel by Jean-Claude Constantin. Jean-Claude Constantin lives in Germany, where he designs and manufactures many different wood and metal puzzle, as well as magic tricks.
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Introduction to Data Relationships
The Keys to a Relationship
Introduction to Relationships
Imagine you have been asked to create a database for a hotel. The manager gives you many pieces of paper that are currently used to handle the business. One of the papers has the names of customers, the times they staid in the hotel, the rates paid for the rented rooms, etc. As you examine the list, you see various names of customers. One of the names on one line is Gwendolyn Sims. On another line, you see a name as Gwen Simms. You ask the manager whether it is the same or another customer. The manager says it is the same customer.
On another piece of paper, you see the name Gwenn Simm. After asking, the manager confirms once again that it is the same customer, just typed differently. A computer database helps to solve this type of problem so that information can be typed once, in one list. Then, the information in that list can be made available to other lists that can use it by selecting it, instead of re-typing it.
So far in our databases, we created a table with the necessary columns. To perform data entry, we were typing the necessary value in each field. If we needed another table, we would just create one. This made it possible for a database to have as many tables as we wanted, except that these lists did not communicate. There was a risk of error if we tried to enter the same information in various lists.
In the same way, you would need a list of the rooms available for renting to customers. Each room would hold some information such as the type of room (regular bedroom, studio, or conference room, etc), the type of bed (queen, double, or king), the rate, and the availability. We cannot put the room information in the customer's information because the room does not belong to the customer and, even if a particular customer A is renting a room 104 today, that room would be rented to another customer next time. If we put the room information in a customer's information, when another customer comes, we would have to re-enter the same room information into the other customer's record. This is not professional and is prone to error. Therefore, the customer and room's information should be kept separate.
After creating the customer information and the rooms lists, to rent a room, we can select the customer and associate him or her to a room:
One of the problems we need to solve is to keep track of the customer's room occupancy: what night the customer stays in the allocated room and how much is charged for the room for one night or for each night the customer uses it. The manager might also have indicated that the hotel offers wireless Internet access but the customer has to pay a one-time fee for it if he or she wants it. The customers are also allowed to use the phone in their room but they must pay for each phone call placed outside the hotel. Therefore, simply assigning the room to a customer does not take care of tracking the regular charges and expenses. To solve this problem, we can create another list in which we would enter some information for the customer (such as his or her name or an account number) and some room information (such as the room number):
This is the idea behind a relational database. A relational database is an application that contains two or more tables so that information in one table is made available to another table or other tables that need(s) it. The information is entered once in one particular table. If the same information is needed in another table, it is simply identified one way or another. This reduces, and can eliminate, the likelihood of mistakes that result from duplicate data.
As its name implies, to create a relational database, you must have a way for tables to communicate or relate to each other. To start, for a table to make its information available to the other lists, the table must have a way to be identified. This is done by creating a field used to refer to that table. This field is called a primary key. The primary key can be one field or it can be represented by many fields.
To make a field primary key, display its table in the Design View. You have two options:
The field that is made the primary key would then appear with a key icon to its left.
To create a primary key of more than one field, display the table in Design View and select, as a group, the fields that would constitute the primary key. Then:
The fields would then appear each with a key icon to its left:
One of the rules that the primary key must follow is that it must be able to uniquely identify each record in the table. If you make a field a primary key, you can instruct the person performing data entry to make sure no two records have the same value for that field. Sometimes this can be easy to implement. For example in a small company of 2 to 20 people, it is usually easy to make sure that each employee is assigned a unique number. In a database with many records such as a department store that gives credit cards to its customer, it can be difficult to give a unique account number to each customer. In fact in this case, the clerk performing data entry might not have the appropriate number for a customer when creating his or her account. Fortunately, Microsoft Access (like most database environments) provides a quick fix to this.
To automatically have a unique identifier associated with each new record created on a table, you can create a field whose data type is AutoNumber. When a field receives this data type and when the clerk creates the first record, it receives the number 1. Every time a new record is created, the number is increased and assigned to the field. The number never repeats. If a record is deleted, the numbers are not reset: the deleted record is gone with its assigned unique number. This ensures that each record keeps a unique number.
The AutoNumber in Microsoft Access is not a real data type, just as, except for Text, none of the items in the Data Type combo box of the Design View of the table is a true data type. Their names are only made friendly to help you identify their types. AutoNumber is actually a long integer.
We have seen how to create a primary key to prepare a table for a relationship. The primary key makes it possible for such a table to make its data available. It only signals this to the other table(s) of the (same) database. If one table wants to use the data stored in another table, the first table has to be prepared for it. The first table can be called the parent table. The other table can be called the child table.
To make it possible for the child table to access the data in the parent table, the child table must have a field that would communicate with the parent table. This field represents the parent table. To act as a liaison between both tables, the field in the child table communicates with the primary key of the parent table. In order to get this communication to work, the communicating key in the child table must use the same data type as the primary key of the parent table. Since the field in the new table is only used to represent the data from the first table, it is called a foreign key:
In the same way, any table that wants to use data from a certain table must have a foreign key that can communicate with the primary key of that parent table.
To make it easy to identify a foreign key in a table, it is a good idea, not a requirement, to give to the foreign key the same name as that of the primary key. The only real requirement is that both fields use the same data type. Remember that AutoNumber is not an actual data type. Therefore, if the primary key is of type AutoNumber, the foreign key should use the Long Integer as its data type after selecting the Number in the Data Type combo box of the Design View of the table.
There are various ways you can create and manage a relationship between two tables. Once you have a primary key in one table, to get a foreign key, you can ask Microsoft Access to create and even configure one for you. You can simply indicate where the data will come from, that is, you must indicate the table that holds the primary key, select the field that holds the actual data to use. Microsoft Access would take care of configuring everything, or almost everything, behind the scenes for you. For this approach, you use a lookup field, which can be a combo box or a list box.
As done with the simple lookup, you can create a field whose data would be selected from a list. As opposed to an unbound lookup field whose values you can predict at the time you are creating a database, a bound lookup field is one whose values are not known in advance. The values for such a field become available as the database is growing.
To create a bound lookup field, you can open the table in Design View, set the data type of the field to Lookup Wizard... This would open the Lookup Wizard. Since you are creating a field that would get its data from another table or query, you must select the first radio button and click Next. Then follow the wizard.
You can also create a lookup combo box using the Datasheet View of a table. To do this:
Any of these actions would open the Lookup Wizard. Since you are creating a field that would get its data from another table or query, you must select the first radio button and click Next. Then follow the wizard.
Once you have created a foreign key on a child table, you can use the Field List to add the desired column of a parent table to the child table. To do this, open the child table in Datasheet View. On the Ribbon, click Datasheet. In the Fields and Columns section, click the Add Existing Fields button . The Field List would come up. To use the field, locate and expand its table. You can then drag the desired field from the Field List to the table. The Lookup Wizard would come up. You can then follow it as we saw previously.
When creating a bound lookup field, if you select only one column in the third page of the Lookup Wizard, a combo box would be created so the user can select the desired value. If the value you selected represents some type of insignificant number or character, when the user clicks the arrow of the combo box, the list of values that appear can be confusing and could lead the user to select the wrong one. Consider the following example:
When the user clicks the arrow of the combo box to select a room, this list does not specify what type of room the number represents. Any number could be for a bedroom, a studio, or a conference room. Because these numbers are vague, the user could select the wrong number and for example assign a conference room to a person who wants to rent a simple bedroom. There are various ways you can solve this type of problem. If no records have already been created and that involve that field, you can recreate the lookup field and make it display more than one column of values.
If you are creating or recreating a lookup field and you want it to display more than one column, in the third page of the wizard, you can double-click each of the desired values from the Available Fields list box:
Then continue with the wizard. When you finish with the wizard, Microsoft Access would take care of configuring the column. Sometimes you will not like the way Microsoft Access did the job. You can then modify it to your liking.
If the records exist already, you can simply modify the configuration of the lookup field. You have many options.
The configurations of the lookup field can be found in the Lookup section of the bottom part of the table in Design View. To configure a lookup field, click it in the top section of the table and, in the bottom section, click the Lookup tab. Here is an example:
To change a property, click it in the left section and change the value in the right section:
|Copyright © 2008 Yevol


text:
A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of a Chickenpox Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000837
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : August 31, 2001
Last Update Posted : February 13, 2015
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to see if it is safe to give Varivax to HIV-positive children and whether it protects children from infection. Varivax is a vaccine against varicella zoster virus (VZV), the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster).
VZV can cause many serious complications in HIV-infected children. Varivax is a VZV vaccine that has been approved for use in healthy children. More research is needed to find out how this vaccine will affect HIV-infected children.
|Condition or disease
|HIV Infections
|Biological: Varicella Virus Vaccine (Live)
|Phase 1
Primary varicella infection, or chickenpox, can be devastating to HIV-infected children because complications occur at higher rates in immunocompromised hosts. Current passive prophylaxis measures with varicella-zoster immune globulin are suboptimal because administration must be repeated for each exposure during the child's lifetime and timely notification of exposure is not always possible. Since Varivax has been licensed for routine vaccination of healthy individuals, it must be determined whether this vaccine can be safely administered to HIV-infected children.
Thirty-six children who are varicella zoster virus (VZV)-naive (treatment group) receive Varivax at Weeks 0 and 12, with a possible boost at Week 52 if the patient is still seronegative for VZV and cytomegalovirus infection. Twenty children who have a history of wild-type varicella exposure within the past year (control group) receive no study treatment. All patients are either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic for HIV infection. Patients make 12-14 visits to the clinic. [AS PER AMENDMENT 9/9/99: This study has been reorganized into two cohorts (asymptomatic and symptomatic). In the asymptomatic cohort, accrual has been completed with 40 patients in Treatment Group I and 19 in the control group. This phase of the study demonstrated that Varivax was well tolerated in 48 HIV-infected children with asymptomatic disease. The symptomatic cohort includes Treatment Groups II and III, each with 30 patients. The first 10 patients from Group II are monitored for 42 days following the first dose of vaccine before the remaining 20 are accrued. Once the first 10 patients in Group II have been evaluated with acceptable toxicity and immunologic profiles, the remaining 20 Group II and the first 10 Group III patients are enrolled. The first 10 Group III patients are also followed for acceptable toxicity and immunologic response before accrual of the remaining 20 Group III patients.]
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Enrollment :
|127 participants
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Phase I/II Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Live-Attenuated Varicella Vaccine (Varivax) in HIV-Infected Children
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|November 2005
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|12 Months to 8 Years (Child)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria
Children may be eligible for this study if they:
- Are HIV-positive with no symptoms or moderate symptoms.
- Are between 1 and 8 years old (consent of parent or guardian required).
- Have had a CD4 cell count greater than 200 for the past 3 months. If a child had a lower CD4 count before this time, then he/she must have been on stable anti-HIV therapy for the past 3 months.
Exclusion Criteria
Children will not be eligible for this study if they:
- Have had an infection or a fever of 101 F or higher in the past 3 days.
- Have had chickenpox or shingles. (This study has been changed. Children who had VZV infections were eligible originally.)
- Have been exposed to chickenpox or shingles in the past 4 weeks.
- Live with someone who is HIV-positive or who has a lowered immune system.
- Have certain serious diseases including tuberculosis or a disease of the immune system (other than HIV infection).
- Are allergic to any part of the chickenpox vaccine, including neomycin.
- Have recently had certain treatments or might be taking certain treatments during the study such as aspirin, VZIG, IVIG, other vaccines, steroids, anti-herpes medications, blood products, or drugs that might interfere with the immune system.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00000837
|United States, California
|Long Beach Memorial Med. Ctr., Miller Children's Hosp.
|Long Beach, California, United States, 90801
|Usc La Nichd Crs
|Los Angeles, California, United States, 900331079
|UCLA-Los Angeles/Brazil AIDS Consortium (LABAC) CRS
|Los Angeles, California, United States, 900951752
|Children's Hosp. & Research Ctr. Oakland, Ped. Clinical Research Ctr. & Research Lab.
|Oakland, California, United States, 946091809
|Children's Hosp. of Orange County
|Orange, California, United States
|UCSD Mother-Child-Adolescent Program CRS
|San Diego, California, United States, 920930672
|Harbor - UCLA Med. Ctr. - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases
|Torrance, California, United States, 90509
|United States, Colorado
|Univ. of Colorado Denver NICHD CRS
|Aurora, Colorado, United States, 802181088
|The Children's Hosp. (Univ. of Colorado, Denver) P7001 CRS
|Aurora, Colorado, United States
|United States, Connecticut
|Yale Univ. School of Medicine - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Disease
|New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06504
|United States, Florida
|South Florida CDTC Ft Lauderdale NICHD CRS
|Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, 33311
|United States, Illinois
|Chicago Children's CRS
|Chicago, Illinois, United States, 606143394
|United States, Maryland
|Johns Hopkins Hosp. & Health System - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 212874933
|Univ. of Maryland Med. Ctr., Div. of Ped. Immunology & Rheumatology
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 29425
|United States, Massachusetts
|HMS - Children's Hosp. Boston, Div. of Infectious Diseases
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 021155724
|BMC, Div. of Ped Infectious Diseases
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118
|Baystate Health, Baystate Med. Ctr.
|Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, 01199
|United States, New Jersey
|NJ Med. School CRS
|Newark, New Jersey, United States, 07103
|United States, New York
|Nyu Ny Nichd Crs
|New York, New York, United States, 10016
|Metropolitan Hosp. Ctr.
|New York, New York, United States, 10029
|Harlem Hosp. Ctr. NY NICHD CRS
|New York, New York, United States
|Strong Memorial Hospital Rochester NY NICHD CRS
|Rochester, New York, United States, 146420001
|SUNY Stony Brook NICHD CRS
|Stony Brook, New York, United States, 117948111
|SUNY Upstate Med. Univ., Dept. of Peds.
|Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210
|United States, Pennsylvania
|The Children's Hosp. of Philadelphia IMPAACT CRS
|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 191044318
|Study Chair:
|Myron J Levin
|Study Chair:
|Anne A Gershon
|Responsible Party:
|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00000837 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
10613 ( Registry Identifier: DAIDS ES Registry Number )
|First Posted:
|August 31, 2001 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|February 13, 2015
|Last Verified:
|February 2015
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
Herpesvirus 3, Human
Viral Vaccines
AIDS-Related Complex
Vaccines, Attenuated
Chickenpox Vaccine
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
Herpesviridae Infections
DNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs