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Starting Anew
Achievement on the Rise
Appropriations Bill
Recognition: College Navigator
The Big Read
Volunteer Service
New Year Fun Facts
Upcoming Events
Starting Anew
On January 10, at 1:00 p.m. ET, Secretary Spellings will kick-off the new year with a major address at the National Press Club. She will highlight states' progress on core principles of No Child Left Behind and lay out her policy goals for 2008. The text of the speech will be available at http://www.ed.gov/ shortly after it is delivered. Also, excerpts from the speech will be streamed on the web site.
At the state level, the Department has begun awarding $125 million in School Improvement Grants to help turn around low-performing schools. These grants assist states in taking a greater role in creating and delivering leadership and technical assistance to reform schools and school districts that are not making Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). Authorized activities include the development and implementation of school improvement plans, targeted professional development for teachers and staff, corrective actions (such as instituting a new curriculum), the development and implementation of restructuring plans, and the provision of public school choice and supplemental educational service options for students enrolled in schools identified for improvement. The first group of awards ($52 million to 21 states) was announced December 20 (see http://www.ed.gov/news/pressreleases/2007/12/12202007.html). Another group of awards ($11 million to seven states and the District of Columbia) was announced last week. All awards are based on the Title I allocation for each state. For more information, please go to http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/stateletters/#schimp.
At the local level, the Department is currently accepting nominations for its 2007 American Stars of Teaching awards, which recognize educators who are improving student achievementusing innovative instructional strategiesand making a difference in the lives of their students. Anyone can nominate an American Star. After the Department receives a nomination, a verification form is sent to the teacher's principal. One teacher will be recognized from each state and the District of Columbia. The deadline for nominations is March 31. For more information, please go to https://www.t2tweb.us/AmStar/About.asp. (Note: 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 award winners are posted at https://www.t2tweb.us/AmStar/Prior.asp.)
Achievement on the Rise
In celebration of the sixth anniversary of the No Child Left Behind Act, the next "Education News Parents Can Use" broadcast (January 15, 8-9 p.m. ET) will answer the question, "How do we know that NCLB is working?," by showcasing three No Child Left Behind Blue Ribbon Schools. These schools have been effective in using the law's emphasis on accountability, parental involvement, and doing what works to close academic achievement gaps and help all students succeed. Among other components, the show will feature video stories of the schools' classrooms in action as well as conversations with the principals and other education experts about raising the bar as never before by having high expectations for all students, analyzing student data to track progress, identifying individual student needs to improve instruction, providing a rich curriculum aligned with state standards, and using professional development to improve teachers' skills. For more information, please go to http://www.ed.gov/edtv/. (You can watch archived webcasts at http://www.connectlive.com/events/ednews/.)
Note: Don't want to wait for the good news? NCLB Success Stories from past broadcasts are regularly added to http://www.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/reauth/successstories/.
Appropriations Bill
As the last act of the year, Congress passed and President Bush signed an omnibus appropriations bill (H.R. 2764) with funding for U.S. Department of Education programs. It includes:
- $13.9 billion for Title I grants to local education agencies, an 8.3% increase over fiscal year 2007;
- $11.8 billion for special education grants;
- $2.94 billion to help states improve the quality of their teachers;
- $1.27 billion for career and technical education grants, a small decrease from FY 2007; and
- $16 billion in Pell Grants for low- and middle-income college undergraduates, a 16.7% increase over FY 2007 when funding from both the appropriations bill and the separate College Cost Reduction and Access Act (approved in September) are combined.
Also, the Reading First program was significantly cut from $1 billion last year to $393 million this year. For more information, please go to http://www.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/news.html#08action.
Recognition: College Navigator
College Navigator (http://collegenavigator.ed.gov), the Department's web site for information about colleges and universities, has been named by Money magazine as "the best first screen" for researching higher education institutions. Navigator was cited in the publication's December 4, 2007, issue, which rated the Top 28 web sites in seven categoriesone of which was college search tools. Money notes that the web site, unlike many other college search tools, is not tied to any marketing department seeking students' personal information. It also credits the web site for being "one of the simplest" to use, for having "a good comparison tool," and for providing "a full set of the latest data on expenses, aid, enrollment, admission and graduation rates, majors, and more, along with a Google map pinpointing location." Launched in September, Navigator is one of several agency resources developed to supply the public with clear and reliable information on the college selection process and federal financial aid. They are part of Secretary Spellings' plan to make the American higher education system more accessible, affordable, and accountable. For more information, please go to http://money.cnn.com/2007/11/29/pf/
The Big Read
The National Endowment for the Arts' (NEA) The Big Read, now in its third year, provides citizens with the chance to read and discuss a single book within their communities. Libraries, municipalities, and non-profit organizations are encouraged to apply for one of approximately 300 grants that will be awarded for programming occurring between September 2008 and June 2009. The application deadline is February 12. Aside from a grant, communities will receive many resources, including reader's and teacher's guides and audio guides with commentary from artists, educators, and public figures. Communities will also receive publicity materials. For this cycle, communities will choose from 16 prominent classics used in 2007 and 2008 and six new titles: Washington Square by Henry James; A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula Le Guin; The Thief and the Dogs by Naguib Mahfouz (in a special cultural exchange initiative with Egypt); Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain; and Old School by Tobias Wolff. For more information, please go to http://www.neabigread.org/.
Volunteer Service
The Corporation for National and Community Service is asking Americans to appropriately honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s legacy on January 21 by making the holiday a day ONversus a day off. This year marks the 40th anniversary of Dr. King's assassination and the 21st observance of the holiday. King Day became a national day of service in 1994, when Congress passed legislation to give the holiday even greater significance. A dedicated web site enables organizers to register projects in every state and the District of Columbia. The site has ideas and resources, as well as photographs of previous activities. For more information, please go to http://www.mlkday.gov/.
Note: The King Day of Service falls during National Mentoring Month, which stresses the importance of bringing caring adults into the lives of children who need guidance, support, and encouragement. For more information, please go to http://www.nationalservice.gov/about/initiatives/nmm.asp.
New Year Fun Facts
To ring in the new year, the U.S. Census Bureau presented the following statistics:
- 73,685 The estimated July 1, 2006, population of Champaign, Illinois, a place whose name alone may get you into a celebratory mood.
- $475 million U.S. manufacturers' shipments of effervescent wines (including sparkling wines, such as champagne) in 2002.
- Over 303 million The nation's projected population as we ring in the New Year. This compares with less than 175 million 50 years earlier (1958) and less than 90 million one century earlier (1908).
Upcoming Events
The National School and Business Partnerships Awards, created by the Council for Corporate and School Partnerships, recognize strong school-business partnerships that improve the academic, social, or physical well-being of students. Partnerships involving public schools and/or districts and businesses are eligible to apply. The Council will make six awards; those selected will receive $10,000 to support partnership efforts. Applications are due by January 30. For more information, please go to http://www.corpschoolpartners.org/award.shtml.
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Please feel free to contact the Office of Communications and Outreach with any questions:
Director, Intergovernmental AffairsRogers Johnson, (202) 401-0026, firstname.lastname@example.com
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To be added or removed from distribution, or submit comments (we welcome your feedback!), please contact Adam Honeysett. Or, visit http://www.ed.gov/news/newsletters/edreview/index.html.
This newsletter contains hypertext links to information created and maintained by other public and private organizations. These links are provided for the user's convenience. The U.S. Department of Education does not control or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of this outside information. Furthermore, the inclusion of links is not intended to reflect their importance, nor is it intended to endorse any views expressed, or products or services offered, on these sites, or the organizations sponsoring the sites.


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June 28, 2013
Contact: Lawrence Hajna (609) 292-2994
Lawrence Ragonese (609) 984-1795
Hollie Gilroy PVSC (973) 817-5735
Program Has Removed Millions of Pounds of Debris Since Superstorm
(13/P68) TRENTON – Officials from the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and Department of Corrections (DOC) joined with the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission (PVSC) today to showcase the Clean Shores program as inmates worked to remove pieces of lumber and other storm debris from a stretch of Hudson River waterfront at Liberty State Park in Jersey City. As part of an ongoing and successful partnership, the Christie Administration has been utilizing state prison inmates to help clean urban and other shorelines of debris deposited by Superstorm Sandy, as well as other trash and debris.
"The Clean Shores program partnership has long been an important and successful part of keeping New Jersey's ocean beaches and urban shorelines free of debris and litter," said DEP Commissioner Bob Martin. "This program has taken on an even more significant role since Superstorm Sandy, removing more than two million pounds of debris and trash from our shorelines. This program will continue focusing on removing debris throughout the summer, especially in our urbanized areas."
Clean Shores is a statewide program that removes floatables such as wood, garbage, and recyclables from tidal shorelines with the use of state inmate labor. Since its inception in 1989, the program has removed some 140 million pounds of floatables and cleaned and re-cleaned more than 2,600 miles of shorelines.
The program is a key part of the state's Cooperative Coastal Monitoring Program, a multi-agency effort that utilizes state, federal and local resources. The program monitors beach water quality, conducts aerial surveillance of beaches, and intercepts floating debris before it impacts the beaches.
Funding for the Clean Shores program comes entirely from the sale of the Shore Protection "Shore to Please" motor vehicle license plates.
The Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission has been participating in the program for 10 years, and this year is undertaking extensive cleanups in Essex, Hudson and Union counties, many focused on Sandy debris removal.
"A project of this magnitude is only made possible by building strong partnerships. PVSC is pleased to continue our work with the DEP and the Department of Corrections to clean the shorelines in our service area," said PVSC Executive Director Michael DeFrancisci. "Given the catastrophic events associated with Superstorm Sandy, this work is more critical than ever. As a result, these cleanups will protect wildlife habitat in these sensitive ecosystems, and provide safer navigation in the harbor."
Crews are being deployed to clear the Newark Bay shoreline of debris in four municipalities in PVSC's service area: Newark, Bayonne, Jersey City and Elizabeth. The DEP uses the DOC's inmate labor to supplement the effort.
The work will take approximately ten weeks to complete, with PVSC and DEP providing skilled manpower. PVSC is providing equipment to move and dispose of the material collected by the inmates.
"The New Jersey Department of Corrections is proud to be part of such a worthwhile collaborative effort. The Clean Shores program provides state-sentenced offenders with an opportunity to give back to our communities in a tangible way, while also improving our environment," said DOC Commissioner Gary M. Lanigan. "Together, the PVSC, DEP and DOC are making a positive difference in New Jersey."
The targeted shoreline of Newark is all industrial, while the sites in Bayonne entail primarily parkland. In addition, the Jersey City location is a mixed-use site, with a large portion being Liberty State Park. Elizabeth is largely undeveloped shoreline.
"The inmates participating in this program can remove up to 16 tons of debris per day, depending on the location," said Virginia Loftin, DEP's Clean Shores program coordinator. "They are able to get at small debris in often hard-to-reach places, and provide the perfect complement to New Jersey's waterway debris removal efforts."
The PVSC operates one of the country's largest treatment systems, serving more than 1.4 million people in five counties. PVSC began its partnership with the Clean Shores program in 2003, providing a crew from their River Restoration Program to assist the DEP program. Debris typically includes large timbers and dilapidated docks, which require crews to use heavy machinery, including a front-end loader and chainsaws.
On average, crews fill between two to three 30-yard containers each day; the containers are provided by the PVSC. In 2012, the partnership removed more than 781,000 pounds of debris from the shorelines of Bayonne, Jersey City and Elizabeth.
The PVSC's River Restoration Program was created in 1998 and works to protect more than 100 miles of area waterways. To date, the PVSC has removed over 10,000 tons of debris from the Newark Bay, the Passaic River and its tributaries, and has sponsored over 872 individual clean-ups along shorelines and in communities, along with educating about 200,000 students on how they can help protect the Passaic River and our environment.
"Partnering with the Clean Shores program is another way that the PVSC continues to carry out our mission of preserving and protecting our local waterways," said PVSC Commissioner Kenneth J. Lucianin. "This partnership complements our existing cleanup efforts, including the deployment of our skimmer vessels, the sponsorship of volunteer cleanups and our educational outreach efforts in local schools."
For more information on the Clean Shores program, visit: http://www.nj.gov/dep/bmw/cleanshores/csindex.html
For information on the state's waterway cleanup efforts and other Sandy-related initiatives, visit: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/special/hurricane-sandy/
For more information on the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission, visit: http://www.nj.gov/pvsc/
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Last Updated:
June 28, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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#1 Source for Custom Awareness Ribbons Online | Personalized Cause
Shop Personalized Cause, the only site to purchase single, individual custom awareness ribbons (pins) with a name, date, cause or message.
Purple and Yellow Custom Awareness Ribbons | Lapel Pins
Purple and Yellow Custom Awareness Ribbons | Lapel Pins
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Personalized Cause's signature hard enamel, purple and yellow custom awareness ribbons (pins), measuring 1.5" (L) x 1" (W), let you wear your message on your lapel. Hand polished to a brilliant luster and smoothness, the personalized awareness ribbon pins feature a thin gold outline and clutch backing. Engraving is included in the price of each ribbon pin, and you can order one pin or many in bulk. We have no minimum orders and are the only awareness pin company that lets you customize one awareness pin at a time.
What does an awareness ribbon represent?
Our purple and yellow awareness ribbons represent the universal symbol of support. Whether ordering your purple and yellow custom awareness ribbons (pins) for yourself or over one hundred as fundraising and donor thank you gifts, our purple and yellow custom awareness ribbons (pins) are the subtle yet standout way to bring support to others and call attention to your cause.
Personalize Your Ribbon Lapel Pin
Personalize Your Purple and Yellow Custom Awareness Ribbon Pin with a Name, Date, or Message!
Personalized Cause's custom engraving transforms your awareness pin into a keepsake to wear on your lapel or give away as a special gift. Our ribbons make a personal statement by including a space for engraving that lets you wear your message of support or advocacy for others to see. Custom awareness ribbons accommodate up to two lines of text.
Examples of engraving are:
SURVIVOR (1 line of engraving)
My Mother (2 lines of engraving)
Please note that there is a 20 character limit per line, black type only, and that personalization appears in place of the words "Personalize It!" in the center of the awareness pin. On your pin, we will center the bottom line under the first if you choose two lines of engraving. Of course, we can engrave more than 20 characters per line, but please be aware that the more characters requested, the smaller the type will be.
The size of the engravable area is approximately .25" (H) x 1" (W). You will be prompted to enter your personalization at check-out in your shopping cart. Customization is included in the price of the ribbon pin.
Awareness ribbon pins may also be known as badges or awareness badges.
Related Purple and Yellow Awareness Products
Purple and yellow awareness products are also available in a non-customized purple and yellow awareness ribbon.


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Enhancing the Maxi experience.
Owning a Maxi yacht is all about the love of life at sea. Regardless of size, a Maxi is built to be the optimal choice of short – handed performance cruiser.
What is more important is the experience you will get from the easy handling of the yacht, the uncompromising comfort when living on board, and the distinctive, eye – catching Scandinavian design. Outside as well as below deck.


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I completely understand the concept of modulus arithmetic and grasp all the main ideas. The only thing I don't understand is equivalence classes.
The formal definition is:
Another interpretation is that modular arithmetic deals with all the integers, but divide them into N equivalence classes, each of the form $\{i + kN \mid k \in\mathbb{Z}\}$ for some $i$ between $0$ and $N-1$.
Could someone explain this in layman's terms with an example possibly? I have absolutely no idea what equivalence classes are.


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After my grandmother (who I love) had a stroke some years ago, with serious injuries from which she never recovered, I have changed the way I see the world. I chose a lifestyle that allows me to connect all the time with what is really important to me.
Meditating (even if just for 5 minutes), practicing sports (even if just for 10 minutes), watching the sea, playing with my pets that I have rescued from the streets, being vegetarian, recycling, only using organic cosmetics not tested in animals, smiling a lot, trying to stay positive all the time, really caring about others, having fun, always trying to do my very best, innovating, and always, always, keep learning, are what I do on a regular basis.
My company's flexible work arrangements and digital focus enable me to incorporate these wellness practices into my daily routine.
Although it is essential to keep digital disconnect moments in our diary, our smartphones can easily be a one-stop-shop for improving balance, health and well-being.
Here are some of my favorite resources toward a holistic well-being:
Social-emotional well-being
Inner Balance Trainer and ZorBuddha Tool, for a more balanced you (get your heart, mind and emotions in sync)
I feel fully aligned with who I am and truly happy with my choices. And the best part is that I have been noticing that my attitude also has a positive impact on others. I try to live by the title of the book authored by Wendy and Dennis Mannering, "Attitudes are contagious. Are yours worth catching?"
Volunteering at Elephant Nature Park, Chiang Mai, Thailand
At Raw Food Retreat, Aldeia da Cerdeira, Portugal


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With prayers, the solemn tolling of bells, second line parades, the drumming of Mardi Gras Indians, commemorative services, and tear filled eyes, south Louisiana residents relived those first days of Katrina. Local and national television stations replayed the heart wrenching scenes of thousands stranded on roof tops and the pitiful scenes of the disaster in the Superdome.
Katrina changed so many peoples lives and no one will ever be the same… but life moves on. And good things are happening in New Orleans. There is hope. We have a new mayor and a new police chief. We are recognized as having one of the best public school systems in the country. There is still lots of work to be done and many challenges ahead but we're headed in the right direction. The city is alive… now, if only they would do something about the wetlands.


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Puzzle Levels
Puzzle Categories
Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
St. Peter's Basilica - 3D Jigsaw Puzzle
Product Information
|Put together the jigsaw puzzle.
|101-499 Pieces, 3D
|72 cm x 33.5 cm x 23 cm / 28.4 in x 13.2 in x 9 in
|Cardboard Box
|Total Pieces
Product Description
Puzzle Pieces: 144
Maker: CubicFun
Size When Completed: 72 cm x 33.5 cm x 23 cm / 28.4 in x 13.2 in x 9 in
St. Peter's Basilica (Italian San Pietro in Vaticano ) is a major basilica in Vatican City, an enclave of Rome. St. Peter's was until recently the largest church ever built, and it remains one of the holiest sites in Christendom. Ancient tradition has it that St. Peter's Basilica was built at the place where Peter, the apostle who is considered the first pope, was crucified and buried; his tomb is under the main altar. Other popes are also buried in and below the basilica.
Many famous artists worked on the St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo, who served as main architect for a while, designed the dome, and Bernini designed the great St. Peter's Square
Customer Reviews |Write your own review!
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Valentine's Day
The Science of Love
If you need to set the mood this Valentine's Day, the world of science has some tips. Learn more in the articles below, like how chocolate can help prevent cannibalism or how finding a mate is like running a marathon.
science news
Never miss a discovery


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If I have PDF files on my Mac that I don't want stored on a remote server anywhere but I want to be able to read them on my iPod Touch, what software can I use?
I'm running iOS 6, and it appears that files sent to iBooks now get synced via iCloud. I don't want to store them in my Dropbox account (remote server), nor e-mail them to myself (same thing).


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Serious Eats' Brown Bag Challenge
We're excited to announce our participation in this year's Donors Choose Social Media Challenge, along with a whole bunch of blogs (including Apartment Therapy, Gawker, and Blogher). Donors Choose is an online charity that matches classroom projects with donors. We're asking you to join our Brown Bag Challenge to help us fund food and health-related projects. During last year's challenge, more than 165 bloggers participated. All told, they raised over $275,000 for classroom projects reaching 67,000 students in low-income neighborhoods around the country.
Donate Your Lunch Money to a Classroom Project
Help us make a difference in classrooms around the country by funding food and health-related classroom projects. It's as easy as brown bagging it and donating your lunch money to a classroom project via the Serious Eats Brown Bag Challenge Page. Throughout October, we'll be adding projects to the giving page, and if you have specific projects you'd like us to add, please share the link in the comments.
Here are a few of the projects we'd like to fund:
Kindergarten Kitchen - Feeding The Future
Class Cafe
Healthy Bodies Healthy Minds
How does it work?
When you give to DonorsChoose, you choose the classroom project, DonorsChoose purchases the items the classroom needs and delivers it to the teachers. You change lives and see the results through photos of the students and thank-you notes.
Browse all the Serious Eats' Brown Bag Challenge projects and give today!
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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Consult Construction
Consult Us For Construction
$200 bonus up for grabs
US defence secretary, Robert M. Gates is pointing his finger at Europe saying it needs to beef up its security. In his last speech on the Continent, Gates has also warned NATO is facing a "real possibility of collective military irrelevance."
Breaking News
Sunday 19th June, 2011
Trackback URL for this blog entry.


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Goessel boys overcome slow start
Contributing writer
Over 4 minutes ticked off the game clock before Goessel High School player Davis Cook powered his way to the bucket to start a run of 4 points Dec. 18 in Goessel.
The GHS boys trailed the Hope Lions 8-4 at the end of the first quarter. Bluebird Ben Wiens started the scoring in the second quarter. Nic Buller put in two more buckets, giving the Bluebirds their first lead of the game 10-9, and the home team never trailed for the remainder of the contest.
Goessel went on an 11-2 run punctuated by a break-away dunk by Cook and led 19-13 at halftime.
Senior Trey Schmidt scored 7 points in the third period, and the Bluebirds continued their tough defense. They closed the third quarter ahead, 34-23.
Goessel used an 8-0 run at the beginning of the fourth to build a 19 point lead. They won by a final score of 49-31.
The Bluebird defense came up with 20 steals and out rebounded Hope 31-21. Buller led scorers with 12 points, Schmidt added 11 and Cook hit 10 points. Also scoring for Goessel was Dan Smucker with 5, Reece Hiebert 4, Ben Wiens 3, and Lawton Makovec and Brian Hiebert each contributed 2 points.
The Bluebirds have a tough schedule in January, with the only home game being against Solomon on January 4. The boys are 4-2 overall and 2-0 in the Wheat State League.
Last modified Dec. 28, 2012


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Celiac patient gets reprieve
Staff writer
A smile crossed Elizabeth Perry's face when she passed the gluten-free section and made a beeline for the wheat bread.
"I haven't had anything but gluten-free crap for the past nine years," she said. "It's going to be good to sink my teeth into this loaf."
Perry is one of many people across the nation who are testing a new drug, which is marketed to help patients with Celiac disease by allowing them to eat foods that contain wheat, rye and barley. While it's still in the testing stages, the drug is believed to raise the villi, small hairs in a person's intestinal tract, opening up the receptors and allowing gluten to once again be absorbed into the person's body.
Many, like Perry, are hopeful that the drug will be successful and that they can pursue eating foods without fear or consequences.
"You'd be surprised the amount of things gluten is in," she said. "When I was first diagnosed, I had to throw away almost everything I used – even down to my toothpaste."
Perry said she was diagnosed as a Celiac later in life than most. At age 32, she had to change everything in her life that became habit — something that, she said, was a difficult undertaking.
"I couldn't just stop at Wendy's for a hamburger whenever I was hungry. I couldn't go to social functions, unless I brought my own food," she said. "It was a living hell. I didn't know how much of my life surrounded food — until it was taken away."
Now, Perry said she has a tad bit of hope that her lifestyle could "go back to normal." She has been on the drug for almost two weeks, and has seen a tremendous improvement. After being cleared by her doctor, Perry said she started eating gluten — but only in small doses.
"I started with saltine crackers," she said. "Even that little bit made me nervous; I hate getting sick."
But, she said, she gained confidence when she realized that she wasn't experiencing any negative effects from her new lifestyle choices. With a newfound energy, she began to experiment with food — and soon discovered that she could eat a variety of foods, including oatmeal and pasta.
"It's important to gradually work your way up," she said. "Even with the medicine, my body wasn't ready to handle the complex carbs all at once. These things take time."
Perry said she has frequent conversations with her doctor, who is tracking her progress. While she doesn't appreciate waiting in the doctor's office each week, she said it will be worth it if she can eventually get to a place where she is able to eat anything she wants, at anytime she wants.
"It'll be a dream come true," she said.
Perry said her doctor said she could start trying to consume complex carbohydrates, starting with bread, starting next week. While she was excited about the possibility, she also is wary that it might set her back a few pegs.
"It's always good to exercise some caution," she said.
She plans to limit herself to half a slice of bread per day for the first week, and see how it plays out.
"It's scary and exciting all at the same time," she said. "But I've never let my fear stop me before, and I'm definitely not going to let it stop me now."
She said the biggest motivation for her right now is to get to a point where she can eat her son's cake on his fifth birthday — and she tries to keep that in mind when she goes through the long, arduous steps of the drug trial.
"It's not always easy, but if you have a goal, it's better somehow," she said.
Meanwhile, she said she is proud of her success, and is glad she has finally reached the point where her physician told her she could eat even a small piece of bread.
"I never would have dreamed of making myself some toast before all this happened," she said. "It would make me gag, or I'd be rolling on the floor with the worst stomach ache in history. It's just not worth all that agony… unless, somehow, with the right drug it all goes away."
Perry will be on the drug for another six months. While results aren't guaranteed, she is hopeful for continued success and that she'll be able to rejoin the society of gluten-loving Americans.
Last modified May 23, 2013


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South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences
versão On-line ISSN 2222-3436
versão impressa ISSN 1015-8812
S. Afr. j. econ. manag. sci. vol.15 no.3 Pretoria Jan. 2012
Towards inflation targeting in egypt: the relationship between exchange rate and inflation
Aliaa Nabil Khodeir
Department of Economics, Helwan University, Egypt
Since the Egyptian economy has recently moved towards inflation targeting, it became very important to know whether exchange rate movements have serious inflationary implications or not. To investigate this subject, the study aims to analyse the relevance of inflation with the exchange rate by using the Granger-causality test. Two indicators of inflation will be used, the consumer price index (CPI) and wholesale price index (WPI). In general, the results show a strong relationship between the two variables in a way that may give support to the application of 'flexible inflation targeting regime instead of strict inflation targeting regime'.
Key words: inflation, inflation targeting, exchange rate, pass-through effect
1 Introduction
Egypt has recently decided to adopt price stability as an explicit monetary policy objective. Since June 2005, the Central Bank of Egypt has taken several steps to develop its monetary policy framework with the intention to implement an inflation targeting regime in the medium term (Al-Mashat, 2008).
The transition to this regime was justified by the negative effects of exchange rate targeting and the successful experience that many emerging countries had achieved through the application of an inflation targeting regime since 1990s.Under this regime, the exchange rate fluctuations have become an important issue in economic policy debate. On one hand, a floating nominal exchange rate represents, at least from a theoretical standpoint, a requirement for a pure inflation targeting regime. Its rationale is based on the policy dilemma of the 'impossibility of the Holy Trinity' (Berganza & Broto, 2011). The idea is that even with good planning and economic management it is impossible for the central bank to achieve free capital mobility, an independent monetary policy and fixed exchange rate simultaneously. On the other hand, one of the costs of fully floating in developing economies with their greater financial and real vulnerabilities is the higher volatility of exchange rates. This can entail the problem of having a high inflationary effect of the exchange rate, known as exchange rate pass through (ERPT). Developing countries may suffer even more than developed ones due to lack of credibility of their monetary authorities. This leads to a general belief among agents that any temporary fluctuation of exchange rate behaviour is indeed permanent (Eichengreen, 2002; Edwards, 2006).
This problem constitutes a base of the fear of floating behaviour, which implies interventions in the foreign exchange market through changes in the international reserves and interest rates. The high ERPT is a point of concern for developing countries which consider adopting an inflation targeting regime. This is due to the risk of seeing the exchange rate becoming the main objective of the central bank, thus dominating the supposed primary objective of the monetary authorities, which is the inflation rate (Youssef, 2007).
In the case of Egypt, realising this problem in its developing economy, its current challenge is how to compromise between the monetary policy target that focuses on price stability and the high volatility of the exchange rate. In other words, it faces the dilemma of choosing between fulfilling the theoretical conditions of 'strict inflation targeting', which imply a fully flexible exchange rate or applying a "flexible inflation targeting", which entails a de facto managed floating exchange rate.
Some studies which have been performed on Egypt to show the correlation between the exchange rate and inflation depended only on the CPI as an indication of inflation. The Egyptian Cabinet study (The Egyptian Cabinet, 2004), which measures the elasticity of consumer prices to the exchange rate and uses the VAR model with daily data during the period of 2001-2004, found that there was a weak relationship between the two variables. In another study, Neaime (2008) uses quarterly data during the period of 1990-2006 for each individual country of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Using the VAR model, the results indicate that prices have responded quite swiftly to exchange rate shocks in Egypt.
Given the inconclusive results of the previous studies and their limitations as they concentrate on one indicator, the objective of this paper is to present new empirical evidence regarding the relationship between exchange rate changes and inflation, using two indicators of it: CPI, WPI.
The rest of the paper is organised as follows: section 2 briefly reviews the theoretical and empirical studies that show how the inflation and exchange rate affect each other. Section 3 presents an overview of the development of inflation indicators and exchange rate movements in the Egyptian economy during the period of the research. Section 4 presents the research methodology of the Granger-causality test applied to Egypt. A summary of the results and the policy implications are provided in section 5.
2 Literature review
Economic theory suggests that inflation and exchange rate changes can affect each other.
From one side, inflation is a determinant of the exchange rate according to purchasing power parity (PPP) theory. It states that the exchange rate between currencies is in equilibrium when the domestic purchasing power is the same in each of the two countries. Therefore, the nominal exchange rate represents an offsetting factor to changes in relative prices. Using this definition, a high inflation in one country should be accompanied by depreciation of its exchange rate in order to return to PPP (Mungule, 2004).
There are two versions to express the PPP equation. In absolute PPP, the nominal exchange rate is equal to the ratio of the domestic price level to the foreign price level and, therefore, the real exchange rate is equal to one. In relative PPP, the rate of change in the nominal exchange rate is equal to the domestic inflation minus the foreign inflation rate so the real exchange rate remains constant.
The basis for PPP is the 'law of one price'. In the absence of transportation and other transaction costs, competitive markets will equalise the price of an identical good in two countries when the prices are expressed in the same currency. There are three caveats with this law: (1) Transportation costs, barriers to trade, and other transaction costs can be significant. (2) There must be competitive markets for the goods and services in both countries. (3) It only applies to tradable goods. Empirical evidence has shown that in the short run PPP does not hold (Ahmad & Ali, 1999). But studies on the long-run behaviour of exchange rates have found that it can take four to ten years to equalise the purchasing power of currencies and that PPP therefore describes the long-run behaviour of exchange rates (Antweiler, 2011).
On the other side, exchange rate change is one of the external factors that determine inflation in open markets. The inflationary effect of the exchange rate can be explained by two kinds of channels. The direct channel, which is connected to the aggregate demand refers to the effect of exchange rate change on the import prices of final consumption goods that the domestic consumers pay. The indirect channel, which is related to aggregate supply refers to the effect of exchange rate change on the import prices of capital and intermediate goods, which in turn influence the cost of production that the producers pay.
There are different factors that determine the ERPT. At the microeconomic level, it is determined mainly by market structure, industry's share of imports, degree of product differentiation and elasticity of marginal cost (Dornbusch, 1987; Yang, 1997). At the macro- economic level, it is determined by import prices, output growth, inflation persistence and credibility of the monetary authority (Campa & Goldberg, 2005; Karim, 2005).
Since the 1990s the degree of EPRT has declined significantly in economies that applied an inflation targeting regime due to credibility gains (Nogueira, 2007; Kara & Ogunc, 2008). As a result, it can be assumed that lower inflation decreases ERPT and this in turn helps in keeping inflation low (Taylor, 2000).
The mutual interaction between inflation rate and exchange rate as shown above was tested by some studies and the results seem mixed. Ndungu (1997) agrees with this mutual interaction using the Granger-non causality test based on Kenyan data during the period of
1970-1993. Nogueira (2007) shows that there was no evidence of endogeneity in a sample of some emerging and developed economics using the Granger-causality test during the period of 1983-2005. Using the same test based on annual data from Asia, the EU and North America during the period of 1991-2005, Achsani et al. (2010) found that there was a significant one-way causal relationship from the exchange rate to the rate of inflation for Asia, while the causal seemed to be in the opposite direction for non-Asian regions.
3 Developments of exchange rate and inflation in the Egyptian economy
There were significant milestones in the path of the exchange rate and inflation in Egypt during the period of the study (1990-2008). In order to spot these developments and their causes, this part will be divided into four episodes.
3.1 From January 1990 to December 1999
At the beginning of the 1990s, Egypt adopted a pegged exchange rate regime, where the authorities set the official exchange rate regardless of the market forces. In February 1991, the country applied a dual exchange rate containing a primary market and a free market and few months later these markets were unified into one market. The exchange rate was stabilised through this period and it ranged between Egyptian pound (EP) 3.33 per US dollar in 1991 to EP 3.39 per US dollar in 1999, which meant that the rate of change didn't exceed 1.8 per cent during all these years (National Bank of Egypt, 2002).
As a result of this stabilisation and in addition to the contractionary demand policies that followed in the first stage of the Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP), the inflation rates had a declining path. The CPI inflation was between 20 per cent in 1991 and 3 per cent in 1999 and the WPI inflation decreased from 18 per cent to 1 per cent within the same period according to IMF international financial statistics (IFS).
3.2 From January 2000 to December 2001
The exchange rate had faced persistent pressures in the late 1999 mainly due to the reduction of foreign reserves as a result of substantial balance of payments deficits and the increase of informal demand for the US dollar for speculation (The Egyptian Cabinet, 2003). These pressures caused series of gradual devaluations of Egyptian pound until it recorded 3.69 per US dollar in June 2000. In January 2001, the exchange rate was set to crawl within a band of + 1 per cent around the central rate which was set at 3.85 per US dollar. In August 2001, the band was widened to + 3 per cent. Nevertheless, the Egyptian pound devaluation problem exacerbated further, given that the supply of foreign exchange in the official market dropped sharply as exporters and holders of foreign currency sought more attractive rates in the black market to satisfy the excess demand. This caused the activity in the black market to expand significantly to the extent of trading at a 15 per cent premium over the official rate in 2002. During this period, the domestic currency lost about 29 per cent of its value (Al-Mashat & Billmeier, 2007).
Meanwhile, the CPI inflation and WPI inflation rates were relatively low, ranging around 2.5 per cent and 1.4 per cent respectively. This reduction was due to the persistence of the pegged exchange rate regime that slowed the degree of ERPT, in addition to the prevailing low international commodity prices at the time (Central Bank of Egypt, 2009/2010).
3.3 From January 2002 to December 2004
After the formal devaluations of the domestic currency in 2001 and 2002, the Egyptian government announced in January 2003 the adoption of a floating exchange rate regime. It was introduced mainly because of the deteriorating situation in the foreign exchange market. However, the lack of credibility in this new system and public expectations of a further drastic devaluation led to a severe shortage of foreign exchange. As a result, the Egyptian pound depreciated and lost 50 per cent of its value (Youssef, 2007).
The inflation rates have increased significantly due to high ERPT of Egyptian pound depreciation. The WPI was able to show the primary effects of exchange rate shock on the economy more strongly than CPI in 2002 and 2003 (Fares & Ibrahim, 2008). Depending on IFS data for year 2004, the CPI inflation reached to 11 per cent while the WPI recorded 17 per cent when the exchange rate of the Egyptian pound was 6.40 to the US dollar.
3.4 From January 2005 to April 2008
This period was characterisedby a stable exchange rate due to the establishment of the interbank foreign currency market in December 2004, and therefore the Egyptian pound strengthened. In March 2005, it appreciated for the first time since the starting of the ERSAP to reach 5.79 to the US dollar, and then it continued to improve until it recorded 5.37 to the US dollar in April 2008 according to IFS data.
This improvement was reflected in a decrease in the inflation trend through 2005 until May 2006. The trend was reversed by the effects of a set of internal factors (oil subsidy cuts and accelerating economic growth) and external factors (the rise in international food prices). During FY 2007/2008, the CPI inflation reached double-digit levels around 20 per cent (Central Bank of Egypt, 2009/ 2010).
Figures (1) and (2) trace respectively the exchange rate movements with the CPI and WPI inflation rates of Egypt during the period of study. In general, they showed a close link between the exchange rate and inflation, especially for wholesale prices.
4 Applied model
In this section, the Granger-causality test is applied to explore the nature of relationship between the exchange rate change and inflation. Data for Egypt was collected from the IMF international financial statistics database. The period of estimation corresponded to the interval from 1990MJ to 2008M4. To express inflation, this paper used both CPI and WPI. Exchange rate data is the change of the Egyptian pound per unit of US dollar (end of month). A positive variation means depreciation of the domestic currency, and a negative one means appreciation. Before running the causality, the data set becomes significantly stationary using Ducky-Fuller test.
The Granger causality test involves estimating the following regression model:
ΔΡ is the inflation rate measured as the rate of change in each of the price indices (first as
ACPI, second as Δ WPI).
Δ Ε is the nominal exchange rate change.
Ut and Vt are disturbances. Equation (1) postulates that the inflation rate is related to lagged values of itself as well as of exchange rate change. Equation (2) postulates that exchange rate change is connected to past values of itself in addition to the inflation rate.
The results of the Granger-causality test between exchange rate and the two indices of inflation are shown in tables (1) and (2).
Depending on the rate of change of CPI as a measure of inflation, table (1) points to a unidirectional causality running from the price growth to the exchange rate change when considering two lagged periods and 1 per cent of significance. The unidirectional causality moves in the opposite way from exchange rate change to price growth with six lagged periods and 5 per cent of significance. This reflects the appearance of ERPT effect. Meanwhile, there is a bi-directional causality between the two variables at 8 lagged periods and 5 per cent of significance. It means that the nominal exchange rate depreciation will increase inflation and the inflation will result in exchange rate depreciation.
The quick response of exchange rate changes to price growth shows that inflation plays an important role in exchange rate fluctuations on the short run. This matches the open economy of Egypt, while the relatively slower exchange rate ERPT effect could be attributed to some distortions resulting from the interference of the Egyptian government with price control and subsidies. Consequently the interference may be an obstacle in the variability of consumer prices. This explanation agrees with Al-Mashat & Billmeier (2007) who showed a sizeable share of administered prices in CPI, around one third of the items.
To examine the relation between exchange rate and inflation at another stage of commodity distribution, table (2) runs the regression between exchange rate change and WPI change. It shows that the causality moves from exchange rate change to price growth. This direction of causality does not change under different lag periods. Also, it can be seen that WPI reflects the impact of exchange rate change on inflation more rapidly than the CPI.
While the impact needs only 2 lagged periods to start with regard to WPI, it takes 6 lagged periods with regard to CPI. This may reflect the different composition of the two indices. WPI is driven mainly by prices of tradable goods, whereas CPI has large distribution between tradable and non-tradable goods (Bailliu & Fuiji, 2004). This means the larger the share of tradable goods in a certain price index, the more likely the effect of exchange rate on price level.
There is indeed an inflationary mechanism running from exchange rate change in both tables, thus reinforcing the existence of the ERPT phenomenon. This may be caused by the low price elasticity of import demand and high propensity to import in Egypt as a developing country. According to its import structure, there is a significant dependence on intermediate and capital goods in order to satisfy the requirements of economic development. In year 2008, the intermediate goods accounted for 66 per cent of total import, while the capital goods accounted for15 per cent (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Industry, 2010). This means any exchange rate depreciation will be reflected in higher import costs without the ability to decrease import demand significantly. Therefore, the domestic price level will increase specially in the presence of a price-wage spiral.
The results of this study proved the presence of the ERPT phenomenon in the Egyptian economy. By adopting the inflation targeting regime, ERPT will be tamed. The monetary authority will gain credibility from its role in targeting this regime. Therefore after a period of low inflation, the effect of the exchange rate on the formation process of agents' expectations is likely to fade.
5 Concluding remarks
The analysis in this paper was based on the Granger-causality test for monthly data during the period of 1990-2008. It showed a strong relationship between exchange rate changes and inflation. Both indicators of inflation succeeded in reflecting a clear ERPT phenomenon, but WPI showed a faster response to exchange rate changes than CPI. This is due to the distortions of CPI as many basic goods in Egypt have been subjected to price control and explicit or implicit subsidies (e.g. basic food stuffs, energy). This in turn ensures the insufficiency of CPI in reflecting the inflationary effect of the exchange rate.
The result that the exchange rate is a significant determinant of inflation has an interesting implication for Egypt's economic ability to attain an effective inflation targeting regime. It gives a clear justification for applying this regime to limit the ERPT phenomenon but there will be some challenges for consideration. First, the rise in the inflation rate is mainly due to the effect of the Egyptian pound's depreciation. With uncertainty about future price trends in the transient period of applying the regime, the monetary authorities not only have to deal with high levels of inflation, but also with a surge in inflation expectations. Second, the monetary authority may need to intervene more frequently in the foreign exchange market to decrease its fluctuations. Third, with regard to the clarity of ERPT effect and its consequences, there is the risk that the exchange rate becomes the main focus of the central bank, thus confusing the public about the priorities of the central bank, which distorts expectations.
Accordingly, to face the dilemma between applying a 'strict inflation targeting', or applying 'flexible inflation targeting', the central bank may choose to smooth short-run exchange rate movements to attain its target inflation rate. This does not mean that the central bank does not allow the currency to adjust to a new longrun equilibrium following a shock, but that it will not let this movement interfere with its attainment of the inflation targets. This implies that possible transparent interventions in the foreign exchange market are required for the attainment of the inflation target. This may justify applying 'flexible inflation targeting' by policymakers. In this context, a recent study has shown that although the inflation targeting regime has led to higher exchange rate instability than alternative regimes, foreign exchange interventions in some inflation targeting countries have been more effective to lower volatility than in non-inflation targeting countries (Berganza & Broto, 2011).
The main policy recommendations may also include: 1. To limit the over-vulnerability of the economy to exchange rate fluctuations by increasing the openness of the economy and improving the exporting ability. 2. To activate sufficiently developed channels beside exchange rate to guide monetary policy choices.
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Accepted: April 2012


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If trees could talk imagine the stories they might tell. From the big oak sitting in the center of the park – its bark etched with monograms and hearts professing someone's love - to the evergreen planted in a backyard signifying the birth of a child or the death of a loved one.
It was during my recent search to find a flowering tree that is likely to survive a year in Michigan, that John Tuffy, tree and shrub manager at Ray Wiegand's Nursery in Macomb Township, told me about the Lavender Twist Weeping Redbud. As its name suggests, this flower tree features heart-shape leaves and reddish-purple buds that open to lavender-pink flowers in early spring.
'The standard redbud is going to grow to be 30 or 40 feet,' said Tuffy. But this one's unusual trunk and weeping branches grow out to create an umbrella of color. 'It's more on the ornamental side,' he said.
Wanting to know more about it, I did a search to find a grower. It's then that I discovered the origins of this cool-looking tree.
In the spring of 1991, Charlie and Nancy Hanks, former owners of Westfield Nursery in Westfield, N.Y., stopped in to pick up an order at Brotzman's Nursery. While they were there, they asked for help in propagating a weeping redbud. Someone in their town had noticed a weeping redbud tree growing in the yard of Miss Cornelia (Connie) and wanted one of their own to give away as a gift. However, Miss Cornelia's tree – unlike others of its kind – was covered with lavender twists.
As the story goes, according to Connie, in the early 1960s her brother and mother returned to N.Y. from a trip to Florida. Among the items they unpacked was a small tree in a little pot. Connie's mother gave her the tree and told her to plant it in their yard. Connie had no idea where, why or how they received it, although she later surmised that her brother may have plucked the tree out of the ground during one of their stops along the way. Connie planted the small tree (weeping redbud) in her front yard as part of a shrub border. What made it unusual was at some point, a nearby lilac bush started growing into and on top of it.
To help in the process of propagation, Nancy sent the growers at Brotzman's Nursery some scions and photographs of the weeping redbud. Fifty grafts later, Tim Brotzman was able to successfully propagate the twisted weeping redbud.
The new selection was named Cercis Canadensis 'Covey' after the very endearing Miss Cornelia, who passed away in 2006. Lavender Twist is the descriptive name that stuck after Brotzman first saw Connie's tree in flower and remarked on how it was full of lavender twists. According to Brotzman's Nursery, 'Connie's neighbor remembered how he was helping to saw down the lilac when he came upon the strange-looking twisted plant. Not knowing what it was, he left it. What a lucky break for all of us that he did.'
Flowering trees If twisted trunks and purple flowers are not what you had in mind, Wiegand's John Tuffy said there are several varieties of flowering trees to choose from – all of which do well in Michigan's zone. Here are some examples:
* Eastern Redbud features bright rosy pink flowers that bloom for several weeks in April and reddish-brown leaves that change to dark green and then yellow in the fall.
* Kwanzan cherry is a vase-shaped tree with a rounded crown that spreads with age making it wider than it is tall. It has dark pink buds that open to reveal a softer pink flower surrounded by bronze-colored leaves that turn dark green, yellow, orange and then copper in the fall. A mature Kwanzan can grow to 10 feet.
* Adirondack crabapple is favored for its resistance to disease and annual bloom cycle, from abundant dark carmine buds to lighter red, then white, heavy-textured, wide-spreading flowers with traces of red; slightly fragrant.
* Vanilla Twist is the white-flower version of the Lavender Twist, introduced this spring by Brotzman's Nursery. In addition, Dr. Dennis Werner in North Carolina has used Lavender Twist to create a purple leaf version called Ruby Falls. He also did a variegated version that has circulated under the name of Whitewater.
Gina Joseph is a reporter and columnist for The Macomb Daily. Send comments to email@example.com, follow her on twitter @ginaljoseph and visit her beat blog at macomblife.blogspot.com.


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In High School, I had a good friend from Holland. At 17, he had already graduated his own High School, but decided to re-take his Senior year at mine because he wanted to immerse himself in American culture. They were giant-steps ahead of us. Regrettably, we don't place the greatest emphasis on education, and that could well mean the beginning of the end of America's leadership in the world.
One of our Presidential candidates, Rick Santorum, went so far as to say that we place too great an emphasis on education in this country. But then I suppose it's easier to get votes from an illiterate public --
The usual offered solution to this is to pay yet more taxes into education.
Simply shoveling money at this problem won't fix it. Specifically, more money spent teaching using failed methodologies also won't fix it. You can reduce class sizes all you want but if you insist on using failed methods to teach reading etc., you will just turn out more and more expensively babysat illiterates.
Americans are pretty unique in that many of us almost worship ignorance, believing education is bad and good-old horse sense (no matter how nonsensical) is good. I believe this has it's roots in the Bible, as it refers to scholars as fools.
You'll see this less in urban areas, college towns, and Liberal leaning states like in the Northeast or West coast.
I suppose it is based on the decline of education and the rise of fanatical christians as people in united states are more convinced of the end of days.I don't think stupid as whole as much as led by our very deep love of media. We as a whole have grown content to do as we are told without question. It is questioning that changes something within us to read, to learn to see the world through eyes beyond our own.there is a reason books have been attempted to be banned.The same reason show that actually provoke thought have slowly been eroded away . All to control how we think. Some of us are lucky enough to question what we are being told. We are few in number in comparison to the sheeple. Our voices drowned out by the the masses.
Yes, Elon, people in the U.S. ARE stupid. Not only that but they are proud of being stupid. Stupidity is part of what Americans call their "exceptionalism." Their schools are citadels of stupidity, where science is jettisoned for stupid religious claptrap; where the highly efficacious metric system is rejected in favor of clumsy methods of calculation because it isn't sufficiently stupid; where evolution isn't taught because it is too hard to find an American teacher who isn't too stupid to understand it.
Americans are so stupid they have to import scientists and academicians so they can keep winning Nobel Prizes. Americans are so stupid that they are willing to let fruits and vegetables rot and die, rather than allow a brown-skinned person to cross the border to harvest them. Americans are so stupid they delude themselves into believing they can keep pouring pollutants into the air and water in perpetuity without paying a price. Americans are so stupid they boo Bill Nye and other intelligent people for challenging their stupidity. Americans are so stupid that they can't figure out how to prevent 30,000 people a year from being killed by guns; and they pass stupid laws like "Stand Your Ground" in hopes of increasing that 30,000 figure. Americans are so stupid they let O.J. get away with decapitating his wife; Casey Anthony with killing her child; and Robert Blake with shooting his wife to death.
Americans are so stupid they believe "Fox News" is "fair & balanced." Americans are so stupid they watch reality TV. Americans are so stupid they watch the Nat Geo, TLC, and History Channels to learn that mermaids REALLY exist; that Bigfoot is right around the next tree; that E.T. is just over the next hill; and that the Long Island medium REALLY knows something they don't. They also believe that Jerry Lewis is a genius.
Americans are so stupid they think Rush Limbaugh is a wise, educated, family values sort of guy. Americans are so stupid they elected the supremely stupid Louie Gohmert and James Inhofe to Congress and almost let an Alaskan cheerleader be a heartbeat away from running the country. Americans are so stupid they believe that George Bush, Dick Cheney, and Condi Rice are NOT war criminals. Americans are so stupid they can't go much more than a decade or so without a war - ANY war; against ANYONE; for ANY reason. Americans are so stupid they actually believe they live in a democracy where rich & poor, black & white, gay & straight, male & female are treated equally. Americans are so stupid they believe they are not racists; they can usually be found at hockey games, swim meets, and NASCAR races. And, of course, Americans are so stupid they believe they are better in every way than any other people in the world.
But most of all, more than the people of any other developed country, profoundly stupid Americans believe there's a David Copperfield in the sky who is controlling their lives and will grant them eternal life. You don't GET any more stupid than that.
Yes, indeed, Elon, we are a stupid people being controlled and manipulated by a tiny minority of the wealth aristocracy that has managed to monopolize the lion's share of the world's wealth and power, for now. But when our house of cards collapses, and it will, if the Republicans have anything to say about it, the border fence we obsessively (and stupidly) built to keep you Mexicans out will protect you from the desperate hordes of America's stupid, poor people who will be flooding across the Rio Grande seeking a better life.
Would you like a glimpse of America's future? Rent Mike Judge's prescient film, "Idiocracy" (2006)
that film still makes me shudder would rather watch halloween than that movie again.
I think I would need to know what 'smart' looks like!
I think, generally, that I am a rather 'smart' guy, but know that, with some ease, that I could name several examples of my own occasional nuttiness.
When I have been called a 'fool/idiot/crazy', it seems to either come from people that have their own way(s) of doing things, or my own self talk/observations. If you want to be called a fool more often, just be rather creative in the presence of other dolts that want you to sweep the floor 'their way'. I was once considered a fool because I used too much celery in my Turkey dressing, or used trail-mix!
I have known my share of very creative people that have no significant formal education. For them 'reality' has been a very effective teacher. Sadly, getting enough real world experience might depend upon not winning the Darwin Award too soon!
Elon Johnson: I suspect you are actually an intellectually superior person. I also am, and this is not to boast but to advance a positive and often assisting reality. I denied this in high school when I tested with an IQ of 172 by saying I was just lucky. Must have made good guesses, but the truth was obvious. I was three years younger than my peers.
In my old age now, I like to think those with a superior intellect can often assist those who lead with confusion and ignorance, and they should be vocal but not arrogant about their abilities. I have never looked at others with disdain but with the commonality and appreciation of life that all humans are offered.
I attempt to help but as a psychologist I can easily discern the reason few accept--often in anger. Allow me to offer a supreme example: When I lived in Mexico for a few years I sincerely appreciated the Mexican people as they have no difficulty accepting assistance that makes their lives easier. I was on my 57 foot ketch with my wife and a useless helper who knew too much to learn and nearly ran us into a fifty foot rock. I kicked his lying ass off and stayed a while in La Paz, the capital of Bahia California Sur. A great city near the end of the peninsula bordering the Sea of Cortez.
Anyway, at one dock I watched a person (American) attempting to start a small outboard engine. For a half hour he pulled and pulled on the starter rope with no results. Those tiny engines are two-strokes and ultra simplistic. Other than a main seal leak, plugged carburetor, or fouled plug they will usually fire off and very quickly. (Yes there can be other difficulties but I have never seen a problem that could not be easily fixed--even a bent rod!) I went over and politely mentioned that I was extremely familiar with the intricacies of the obstinate beast he was attempting to get running, and could I offer assistance? His reply... only the sternest scowl imaginable and back to cranking, ignoring me. I immediately knew the problem from the fuel smell permeating the air.
So, I left. later on, I saw him throw the small motor on the dock in disgust, kick it, and stomp off. I returned to the boat in his absence hoping to find someone aboard that was more amenable to assistance than he. Sure enough, a wife aboard had about had it with Joe Jerk. She allowed me to get it running, and of course it just needed full throttle and the choke off. I had it going in about six pulls and it ran reasonably well. It did need an adjustment to idle well, but that was all.
Then I instructed his wife on how to start it every time. Two strokes are easily started with the right combination of throttle and choke. There is seldom need for more than four pulls to see them light up (if in running condition with adequate compression, spark, fuel and no nasty leaks).
When he returned, the motor was back on the dink and I had opened the port to hear any conversation. "Who put the fooking motor back on" he growled. his wife answered as I had instructed, saying she did. That's when el moron challenged her with "OK, then you can start it too!" and she did on the first pull.
What happened next was unfortunately too typical of some men when their abilities are taken into question. He ripped it off the dink and threw it in the ocean asking his wife "Can you dive too?" Then he was off to get drunk I presume.
I kept a huge homemade treble hook on a strong 3/8 line just for such things and with the wife's permission recovered it in a few minutes (shallow harbor, clear water, easy). Dumped the salt water out and rinsed it with the freshwater hose. Popped the bottom off the carb and did the same. Restarted it and had her warm it up completely. She could see me in the boat and I directed the warm up timing needed to blow any salt residue out. It takes little more than that and I have done this many times over 18 years sailing.
Then I had her take it inside where it would not be visible to jerk Joe coming back from the local bar. I asked her to meet him when he arrived. As expected, I heard him say "Guess you caint dive, huh?" with sarcasm dripping from his ugly sneer. Her reply was amazing. "Oh I can dive, and I can start motors too" then she told him to wait and returned with the little motor. She said "Here, catch, and never make me do this again!" and threw the motor to him. Then she told him to put it on the dink and stand back. He did, in a haphazard way obviously quite bombed.
Then she stepped into the dink and turned the gas on , set the choke, and fired it again on the first pull. She blipped the throttle a few times and asked "That what you want or should I pitch it and you back in and sail away too?"
Bombed or not he got that message. The only real force in some men's lives--is their wives.
It was wonderful and a few days later she brought over some cookies and a small pie. Said I had improved their relationship because he always considered her useless, and now he knew better. She was truly happy.She could start the motor and he couldn't.
What a difference attitude makes.
Appreciate your mentality and offer it to assist, not as an overbearing display of superiority, and there will be those who accept and those who are Joe Jerks. Just accept that "Yuh caint hep em all" and get on with those you can.
Sounds like you're a good man, John. I do hope you don't mind a minor correction - I, too, lived in Mexico for a number of years, and I know exactly the area you mean, it was on the other side of the peninsula from my own home. But it isn't, "Bahia California Sur," it's Baja California del Sur (Lower California, of the South) - the peninsula is divided into two states, Baja California del Norte, where I lived, and Baja California del Sur, where you obviously resided.
Speaking of intellect, I tried getting out of being drafted into the Army by failing the I.Q. test - they calculated the odds of getting all of the questions wrong but one, was so remote, that I had to have known all of the correct answers in order to miss only one. I outsmarted myself.
Early on, in order to fit in, I learned to play dumb - by now, I've had so much practice, it's second nature.
RE: "they calculated the odds of getting all of the questions wrong but one, was so remote, that I had to have known all of the correct answers in order to miss only one." - and yes, I realize that that statement is mathematically incorrect, but considering the oxymoron, "Army Intelligence," it was a comparatively accurate guess.


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10 U.S. Code § 4416 - Academy of Health Sciences: admission of civilians in physician assistant training program
§ 4416.
Academy of Health Sciences: admission of civilians in physician assistant training program
(a)In General.—The Secretary of the Army may, pursuant to an agreement entered into with an accredited institution of higher education—
permit students of the institution to attend the didactic portion of the physician assistant training program conducted by the Army Medical Department at the Academy of Health Sciences at Fort Sam Houston, Texas; and
(b)Agreement for Exchange of Services.—
An agreement entered into with an institution of higher education under this section shall require the institution, in exchange for services provided under paragraph (1) of subsection (a), to provide academic services described in paragraph (2) of such subsection that the Secretary and authorized representatives of the institution consider appropriate.
(c)Selection of Students.—
In consultation with the authorized representatives of the institution of higher education concerned, the Secretary shall prescribe the qualifications and methods of selection for students of the institution to receive instruction at the Academy under this section. The qualifications shall be comparable to those generally required for admission to the physician assistant training program at the Academy.
(d)Rules of Attendance.—
Except as the Secretary determines necessary, a student who receives instruction at the Academy under this section shall be subject to the same regulations governing attendance, discipline, discharge, and dismissal as apply to other persons attending the Academy.
(e)Limitations.—The Secretary shall ensure the following:
That the Army Medical Department, in carrying out an agreement under this section, does not incur costs in excess of the costs that the department would incur to obtain, by means other than the agreement, academic services that are comparable to those provided by the institution pursuant to the agreement.
That attendance of civilian students at the Academy under this section does not cause a decrease in the number of members of the armed forces enrolled in the physician assistant training program at the Academy.
(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VII, § 741(a)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1816; amended Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, § 1041(a)(19), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2645.)
2002—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–314 struck out heading and text of subsec. (f). Text read as follows:
"(1) Each year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the exchange of services under this section during the year. The report shall contain the following:
"(A) The number of civilian students who receive instruction at the Academy under this section.
"(B) An assessment of the benefits derived by the United States.
"(2) Reports are required under paragraph (1) only for years during which an agreement is in effect under this section."
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In response to the guest column by Franklin Whittlesey Sr., "What's next? Taxing sun?," in the Jan. 6 edition of The Lancaster News, I first would like to thank him for the Wikipedia-inspired copy-and-paste astronomy lesson on the size and make-up of our neighboring planets, as well as the shocking revelation that the Earth's core is made of molten lava.
Now I'd like to ask him: What's any of that got to do with the price of beans?
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When you visit Belmont Abbey College, take some time to explore the surrounding areas of Belmont and Charlotte, NC! We like to say that we have the 'Best of All Worlds' – city life, and small town atmosphere in close proximity to the mountains and the beach.
City of Belmont
Our students enjoy the charm of the local shops on Main Street including Tastebuds Popcorn Shop with over 150 flavors of popcorn, Hip Chicks boutique, and many antique and consignment shops. As a bedroom community of Charlotte, many restaurants have sprouted to call Downtown Belmont their home. To name a few but not all – Johnny B's Pizza, The String Bean offers organic and locally grown goods, Glenway Pub is a traditional American Fare restaurant, Oldstone Steakhouse is known for their great steaks and al fresca dining on Main Street.
If you have an extended stay with us, please take some time to visit the Daniel P. Stowe Botanical Gardens. It is a beautiful retreat in our small town of Belmont. For more information about seasonal exhibits and events, please click here http://www.dsbg.org/
City of Charlotte
U.S. National Whitewater Center – http://usnwc.org/
What to see and do in Charlotte: Various web-sites to keep you informed on what to see, eat, and do in the lovely growing metropolis of Charlotte!
Uptown Charlotte is only minutes away from campus. Learn more about the numerous attractions and opportunities that the Carolinas' largest city has to offer.
Carolina's News Channel – WCNC


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Nov. 10, 2006
With two dress rehearsals under their belt the Lipscomb Bisons are ready to open the regular season.
Saturday afternoon at 2 at Allen Arena the Bisons will face Tusculum College, a former NAIA foe now playing on the NCAA Division II level. The Bisons are coming off an 81-63 exhibition victory over Harding University, also a Division II program. The Bisons also defeated Freed-Hardeman, an NAIA school, 89-72, in the first exhibition of the season.
The Lady Bisons will play Alabama-Huntsville in an exhibition game at 4:15.
This is the third and final exhibition game of the season for Tusculum. They will not count this game on their regular season record. The last time the two teams met was Nov. 10, 1988.
Tusculum has been beaten by Xavier, 82-58, and Tennessee, 100-57. Both teams went to the NCAA Tournament last season. The Bisons participated in the National Invitation Tournament.
Tusculum is led by senior guard Chris Poore, who is averaging 16 points in the two exhibition games.
The Bisons are still in a learning mode as the regular season arrives.
The center position remains a work in progress for the Bisons with three players _ Jason Hopkins, Thomas Pfaff and Ryan Daniels vying for playing time.
"It is going to be musical chairs there until someone steps out front," Lipscomb coach Scott Sanderson said. "We will continue to shuffle those guys around until someone defends people, rebounds, takes care of the ball and finishes plays around the basket we will continue to shuffle those guys around.
"I want make the decision of who will play. They will make that decision for me."
The Bisons, as expected, are deep at the guard positions with Trey Williams, Brian Fisk and Michael Lusk leading the way.
"Trey has really improved his shooting," Sanderson said. "He is looking for his shot. He will probably average 10 points a game. That's a drastic change from last year when everybody guarded Brian Fisk and Eddie Ard with Trey's guy. But you can't do that this year. Trey is shooting with a lot of confidence."
Sanderson stressed that Lusk is the type of player the typical fan might take for granted.
"Sometimes fans can take Mike Lusk for granted," Sanderson said. "He is a lock down defender, He rebounds the basketball. He makes his open shots. He doesn't turn it over.
"His role is hard. He is the guy who can do so many things. We challenge him because he such a good defender."
Ard's latest accolade is to be named one of nine players to watch on the mid-major level by Kyle Whelliston, writing for ESPN.com. He is a force at forward with a ton of preseason honors.
"Eddie still has so much to learn, Lipscomb assistant coach Hubie Smith said. "He is not happy just being a good player. He wants to be great. That helps to keep him grounded."
Freshman Brandon Moore is expected to provide back-up for Ard when needed.
"Two weeks ago Brandon was completely on the outside looking in," Sanderson said. "He wasn't going to play very much. But he has started to come on unbelievable in the last week. He is understanding things better. He can be two feet out of position and still make a play. He can rebound and defend. He is a talent."
Another freshman, Michael Teller, could also fill that reserve role behind Ard.
"Teams have to guard Michael," Sanderson said. "Every time he shoots the ball we all think it is going in. He can also rebound the ball."
Sanderson is expecting the Bisons to present a balanced scoring attack with three to five players have the potential of reaching double figures each game.
"We will probably shoot a few more threes this year," Sanderson said. "I would rather have several players scoring in double figures than one guy hitting a bunch."
Sanderson has been thrilled with the crowds at the first two games.
"We need to build momentum early," Sanderson said. "It means a lot to all of us to have the students and fans show up for our games. It has been a great atmosphere."


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What are the Gaps in Your Stockpile?
Perhaps you've been working on building a good stockpile for a while, combining coupons and sales. Your pantry is looking full and so is your freezer. You wonder how long you could go without shopping if you couldn't.
What if you couldn't go shopping?
What if you knew your family would be living off of your food storage for 6 months or more? What would you make sure that YOU had on hand?
If you're going to the store every week for milk, bread, and fruits and vegetables (which most people are), then these are the most noticeable gaps that you have. These are the things that are going to be difficult to do without. Being without an income or on a reduced income is stressful enough for a family; worrying about what you are going to feed your family shouldn't be. A few additions to your stockpile will help things to be less stressful, more delicious, and more nutritious.
The solution to this is to buy powdered milk and evaporated milk.
Along with dish soap, more baking creates another need—more oil. Have oil for baking (it can be used in place of margarine and butter in many recipes) and non-stick spray for the waffle iron and your bread pans. You may not use a lot of oil now, and think that you don't need this. Having lived on our storage for 2 years, I have seen how necessary it is to have more oil on hand than I ever used before.
When we were able to work on building back up our food storage, I added canned pineapple, dried apples, applesauce, canned mushrooms, and more varieties of dried beans to our pantry shelves. I added more home-canned baby food. I also worked even harder in our garden (which had done poorly the first year). Having a garden really helped give us some variety. Our second year was a little better, and this year (our third) has been the best so far. We harvested over 100 artichokes! We ate asparagus, lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, Swiss chard, blackberries, grapes, apples, peaches, plums, pears, figs, apricots, tomatoes, zucchini, green onion, fresh herbs, and more. We are looking forward to our fall garden and our first pomegranates, as well as our citrus fruits.
Perhaps you have a freezer full of meat right now. Should the time come that you have eaten it all and have no money to replenish it, you may find that you really, really wish you had some canned chicken and beef on your shelves. Whether you can it yourself or buy it pre-canned, canned meat can be a great blessing to your menus. In an extended power outage, canned meat can be eaten straight from the can, or warmed up with an alternate cooking source for a quick meal.
What if you're a vegetarian? If you weren't able to go to the store (in the middle of winter, perhaps) what would you store so that you could have fresh food? If you like tofu, consider storing dried soy beans and investing in a soy milk maker (this is also important for those who drink soy milk, and can save you a lot of money over store-bought soy milk). Have beans for sprouting, but also consider what else would work best to keep some variety in your diet so that you can avoid appetite fatigue.
One of the most important things you can do is to plan your breakfasts, lunches, dinner and snacks now while you are not under the stress of living off food storage completely. By making sure your family has balanced meals, you will be healthier and happier should unexpected financial difficulties arise.


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Create a file
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Note: If someone else is working on the file, you'll see the changes they're making.
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When you create a new document, spreadsheet, or presentation, it will automatically be named "Untitled document," "Untitled spreadsheet," or "Untitled presentation." To rename the file:
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Jaguar F-Type S Coupe
The Jaguar F-Type coupe is being unveiled this week at the Los Angeles Auto Show and goes on sale in the United States next spring.
All three coupe variants will be priced $4,000 below their open-air counterparts with the range-topping R coming in $99,895, including shipping. The all-aluminum car is made of nearly 50 percent recycled metal.