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There are several GUI's and Lisp interfaces to the X Window System. Mailing lists for these systems are listed in the answer to question [4-7]. Various vendors also offer their own interface-building packages. CLX provides basic Common Lisp/X functionality. It is a de facto standard low-level interface to X, providing equivalent functionality to XLib, but in Lisp. It is also a good source for comparing the foreign function calls in various Lisps. Does *not* depend on CLOS. Available free as part of the X release in the contrib directory. Also available by anonymous ftp from ftp.x.org:/R5contrib/ as the files CLX.Manual.tar.Z and CLX.R5.02.tar.Z. [Note: The new version of CLX for X11R6 can be found (untarred) in ftp.x.org:/pub/R6.1/contrib/lib/CLX/ with documentation in ftp.x.org:/pub/R6.1/contrib/doc/CLX/ and includes some slight modifications for CLtL2 compatability. You can get it in tarred form from the CMU AI Repository, Lisp section.] Primary Interface Author: Robert W. Scheifler <email@example.com> Send bug reports to email@example.com. The 232 page manual is available in /pub/R5untarred/mit/hardcopy/CLX (PostScript format) and /pub/R5untarred/mit/doc/CLX (Interleaf source). CLIM (Common Lisp Interface Manager) is a portable, graphical user interface toolkit originally developed by International Lisp Associates, Symbolics, and Xerox PARC, and now under joint development by several Lisp vendors, including Symbolics, Franz, Lucid, Illudium, and Harlequin. It is intended to be a portable successor of Symbolics UIMS (Dynamic Windows, Presentations Types). CLIM 2.0 also supports more traditional toolkit-style programming. It runs on Symbolics Lisp Machines; Allegro, Lucid, and Harlequin on several Unix platforms; Symbolics CLOE on 386/486 IBM PCs running Windows; and MCL on Apple Macintoshes. It is *not* free, and with the exception of Macintoshes, if it is available it can be purchased from the vendor of the Lisp system you are using. For the Macintosh version write to Illudium: Contact: Dennis Doughty - email@example.com or contact: Bill York - firstname.lastname@example.com Illidium has signed a distribution agreement for MCL CLIM with Lucid. [Contact Harlequin for information about Lucid.] CLIM includes a general purpose grapher. The CLIM 2.0 SPECIFICATION is available by anonymous ftp from ftp.franz.com:/pub/clim/clim.ps.Z. To be added to the mailing list send mail to email@example.com. CLUE (Common Lisp User-Interface Environment) is from TI, and extends CLX to provide a simple, object-oriented toolkit (like Xt) library that uses CLOS. Provides basic window classes, some stream I/O facilities, and a few other utilities. Still pretty low level (it's a toolkit, not widget library). Available free by anonymous ftp from csc.ti.com:/pub/clue.tar.Z Written by Kerry Kimbrough. Send bug reports to firstname.lastname@example.com. CLIO (Common Lisp Interactive Objects) is a GUI from the people who created CLUE. It provides a set of CLOS classes that represent the standard components of an object-oriented user interface -- such as text, menus, buttons, scroller, and dialogs. It is included as part of the CLUE distribution, along with some packages that use it, both sample and real. Allegro Common Windows provides a front end to CLX. Uses CLOS. It is *not* free. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com for more information. [Intellicorp's KEE4.0 comes with Common Windows also. They've implemented the CW spec to run on Lucid 4.0 on Sparcs, HP300/400s, HP700/800s, and IBM RS6000s. Contact email@example.com for more information.] The LispWorks Toolkit is an extensible CLOS-based widget set that uses CLX and CLUE. The LispWorks programming environment has been written using the toolkit and includes: an Emacs-like editor, listener, debugger, profiler, and operating system shell; browsers/graphers for classes, generic functions, processes, windows, files, compilation errors, source code systems, and setting LispWorks parameters; and an interactive interface builder and complete online hypertext documentation. Contact: email@example.com CLM (Common Lisp Motif) and GINA (Generic Interactive Application) and IB (Interface Builder). CLM runs Motif widgets in a separate C process, with minimal work on the Lisp side and communicates between C and Lisp using TCP sockets. Runs in Allegro CL, Sun CL, CMU CL, Lucid CL, and Symbolics Genera. GINA uses CLOS. Available free in the X contrib directory or by anonymous ftp from either ftp.x.org:/contrib (formerly export.lcs.mit.edu) or ftp.gmd.de:/gmd/gina [18.104.22.168] as the files CLM+GINA.README, CLM2.2.tar.Z and GINA2.2.tar.Z. CLM was written by Andreas Baecker <email@example.com>, GINA by Mike Spenke <firstname.lastname@example.com>, and IB by Thomas Berlage <email@example.com>. Contact Mike Spenke for more info. To be added to the mailing list, send a message to email@example.com. EW (Express Windows) is intended to mimic Symbolics' Dynamic Windows user and programmer interfaces. It is available free in the Common Lisp Repository as ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/lang/lisp/gui/ew/ It is no longer under active development. Runs on Sun/Lucid, Franz Allegro, and Symbolics. Should port easily to other Lisps with CLX. Written by Andrew L. Ressler <firstname.lastname@example.com>. Garnet is a large and flexible GUI. Lots of high-level features. Does *not* depend on CLOS, but does depend on CLX. Garnet (version 2.0 and after) is now in the public domain, and has no licensing restrictions, so it is available to all foreign sites and for commercial uses. Detailed instructions for obtaining it by anonymous ftp are available by anonymous ftp as a.gp.cs.cmu.edu:/usr/garnet/garnet/README [22.214.171.124] Garnet includes the Lapidiary interactive design tool, C32 constraint editor, spreadsheet object, Gilt Interface Builder, automatic display management, two widget sets (Motif look-and-feel and Garnet look-and-feel), support for gesture recognition, and automatic constraint maintenance, application data layout and PostScript generation. Runs in virtually any Common Lisp environment, including Allegro, Lucid, CMU, and Harlequin Common Lisps on Sun, DEC, HP, Apollo, IBM 6000, and many other machines. Garnet helps implement highly-interactive, graphical, direct manipulation programs for X/11 in Common Lisp. Typical applications include: drawing programs similar to Macintosh MacDraw, user interfaces for expert systems and other AI applications, box and arrow diagram editors, graphical programming languages, game user interfaces, simulation and process monitoring programs, user interface construction tools, CAD/CAM programs, etc. Contact Brad Myers (email@example.com) for more information. Bug reports should be sent to email@example.com. Administrative questions should be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com. Garnet is discussed on the newsgroup comp.windows.garnet (which is gatewayed to email@example.com for those without access to netnews). LISP2WISH is a very simple demonstration of how to connect and communicate SYNCHRONOUSLY between a lisp process and a C process running a Tcl/Tk executable. The demo uses the vanilla 'wish' executable that is included with the Tcl/Tk distribution. Tcl/Tk is a very flexible system for building Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), with the look-and-feel of Motif. One writes scripts in a high-level, C-like language, and an interpreter evaluates the commands and passes execution either to a built-in function (and there are many), or to your own C routines. Tcl/Tk is becoming increasingly popular because of its ease of use, and because it is freely distributable (even commercially, I believe). For more information on Tcl/Tk, look on the USENET newsgroup comp.lang.tcl, or get the distribution from the archive (listed below) or ftp.cs.berkeley.edu. The Tcl/Tk archive also has many user-contributed extensions which make Tcl/Tk even more desirable. Tcl/Tk was originally written by Dr. John Ousterhout, at Berkeley. LISP2WISH lets you make a window/menu/drawing interface for your lisp routines, where you can take advantage of all the stuff written for Tcl/Tk (and build your own!). LISP2WISH has only been tested under X-Windows and Lucid Common Lisp 4.0 and 4.1, but should work on other platforms that support Lucid (or Allegro) and Tcl/Tk. LISP2WISH is available at the Tcl/Tk archive harbor.ecn.purdue.edu:/pub/tcl/lisp2wish6.tar.gz, from the author through the WWW at the URL http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~kaye/home.html by anonymous ftp from ftp.cis.upenn.edu:/pub/kaye/lisp2wish6.tar.Z or in the GUI section of the Lisp Repository as ftp.cs.cmu.edu:/user/ai/lang/lisp/gui/lsp2wish/lsp2wish.tgz For more information, contact Jonathan Kaye <email@example.com>. LispView is a GUI written at Sun that does not use CLX. Instead it converts Xlib.h directly into Lucid foreign function calls. It is intended to be fast and tight. Uses CLOS. Available for anonymous ftp from ftp.x.org:/contrib/lispview1.1 (formerly export.lcs.mit.edu) and xview.ucdavis.edu:/pub/XView/LispView1.1 Includes a general-purpose 2D grapher library. Written by Hans Muller (firstname.lastname@example.com). Runs in Sun CL and Lucid CL. Direct questions about the source provision to firstname.lastname@example.com. WINTERP (Widget INTERPreter) is an application development environment developed at HP. It enables the rapid prototyping of graphical user-interfaces through direct manipulation of user interface objects and their attached actions. WINTERP provides an interface to the X11 toolkit (Xt) and the OSF/Motif widget set and a built-in RPC mechanism for inter-application communication. It includes an object-oriented 2.5D graphics and animation widget based on the Xtango path transition animation system, the XmGraph graph browser (with graph nodes as arbitrary WINTERP widgets), and GIF image support. The interpreter is based on David Betz's XLISP interpreter, which implements a small subset of Common Lisp and runs on PCs, IBM RS/6000, Decstation 3100s, HP9000s, Sun3, Sparcs, SGI, and NeXT. XLISP provides a simple Smalltalk-like object system, with OSF/Motif widgets as real XLISP objects -- they can be specialized via subclassing, methods added or altered, etc. WINTERP includes an interface to GNU-Emacs which allows code to be developed and tested without leaving the editor. WINTERP is a free-standing Lisp-based tool for setting up window applications. WINTERP is available free in X contrib directory, or by anonymous ftp from ftp.x.org:/contrib/devel_tools/ as winterp-???.tar.gz (formerly export.lcs.mit.edu) where ??? is the version number. The current version is 2.03 (X11r6 support). If you do not have Internet access you may request the source code to be mailed to you by sending a message to firstname.lastname@example.com. The WWW home page for WINTERP is accessible via the URL http://www.eit.com/software/winterp/winterp.html or mirrored on file://ftp.x.org/contrib/devel_tools/winterp.html Contact Niels Mayer <firstname.lastname@example.com> for more information. To be added to the mailing list, send mail to email@example.com. Xgcl provides an interface to X Windows for GCL (GNU Common Lisp), formerly Austin Kyoto Common Lisp (AKCL). It includes a low-level interface to the Xlib routines, and an interface that provides graphics, menus, and mouse interaction via functions that are called from Lisp. Xgcl is built on top of GCL, and it is somewhat larger (e.g. 6.7 MB for Xgcl vs. 4.9 MB for GCL) because it incorporates Xlib. To make Xgcl, you must first obtain and make GCL. The code was written by Gordon Novak, Hiep Nguyen, and William Schelter. Xgcl is available by anonymous FTP from math.utexas.edu:/pub/gcl/ ftp.cli.com:/pub/gcl/ ftp.cs.utexas.edu:/pub/novak/xgcl/ and on the Web from http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/novak as the file xgcl-2.tgz. To use, put the xgcl-2.tgz file in the same directory as gcl-1.1.tgz and uncompress it with gzip -dc xgcl-2.tgz | tar xvf - Then see the README in the directory xgcl-2. For more information, write to Gordon Shaw Novak, Jr. <firstname.lastname@example.com>. YYonX is a port of the YY system to X windows. Runs in Lucid CL, Allegro CL, and Symbolics Genera. Supports kanjii. Developed at Aoyama Gakuin University. Available free by anonymous ftp from ftp.csrl.aoyama.ac.jp:/YY/ Written by Masayuki Ida <email@example.com> Picasso is a CLOS based GUI, and is available from postgres.berkeley.edu:/pub/Picasso-2.0 toe.cs.berkeley.edu:/pub/picasso/ It runs on DecStation 3100s, Sun3 (SunOs), Sun4 (Sparc), and Sequent Symmetry in Allegro CL. The file pub/xcl.tar.Z contains X-Common Lisp interface routines. Send mail to firstname.lastname@example.com for more information. [Picasso is no longer an actively supported system.] XIT (X User Interface Toolkit) is an object-oriented user interface development environment for the X Window System based on Common Lisp, CLOS, CLX, and CLUE. It has been developed by the Research Group DRUID at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Stuttgart (firstname.lastname@example.com) as a framework for Common Lisp/CLOS applications with graphical user interfaces for the X Window System. XIT contains user interface toolkits, including general building blocks and mechanisms for building arbitrary user interface elements and a set of predefined common elements (widgets), as well as high-level interactive tools for constructing, inspecting, and modifying user interfaces by means of direct manipulation. Although the system kernel is quite stable, XIT is still under active development. XIT can be obtained free by anonymous ftp from ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de:/pub/xit/ [22.214.171.124]Go Back Up
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Retro T-Shirts & Clothing - 70s, 80s and 90s
Looking for a retro T-Shirt to treasure? How about an old-school sweater paying tribute to your fave sport team? A cult tee brimming with nostalgia for those irreplaceable childhood cartoons or the halcyon days of retro gaming? A vintage-style top that flaunts your love for your fave band? We've got it all, and heaps more, here at TruffleShuffle! Our Tshirts And Tops, Hoodies and Jumpers, Coats and Jackets, Dresses, Leggings, Shorts and Swimwear (we could go on!) are created with '60s, '70s and '80s kids in mind, and with tons of designs exclusive to TruffleShuffle and available in limited numbers, you'll know your clothing stays individual and you'll be looking totally unique when you shop with us. So whether you're looking for clothing that's emblazoned with the logo of your favourite superhero, celebrates top movies and TV or expresses some serious music fandom, you can show your love subtly or shout it loud and proud with our collection of awesome, unique and clever T-Shirt and clothing designs.
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SUPERANNUATION in Australia is divided into two distinct sectors: the increasingly popular self-managed super funds, and the professionally managed industry and commercial funds.
One of the reasons given for the popularity and increasing size of the SMSF sector is the level of control given to members. A common complaint levelled at industry and commercial funds has been: "Why would I pay someone else to lose my money?" This criticism often comes from a belief that the large super funds do not have enough connection with members.
Two events this week have provided evidence of this lack of connection. The first was the announcement that the construction union was looking to influence the board of Cbus, the construction industry superannuation fund, not to invest with a company the union was in dispute with.
The last thing a superannuation member intent on maximising their retirement investment savings wants to hear is that investment decisions are to be influenced by industrial relations disputes rather than good investment policy.
The second event related to a submission by the Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia, the industry body for the industry and commercial super sector, to the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority.
ASFA's submission was a complaint about increased reporting requirements that its members faced. At the heart of the complaint was that the superannuation industry was split into two categories.
Its members are regulated by APRA and SMSFs are regulated by the Australian Taxation Office.
ASFA felt it was unfair that, as the increased data to be collected by APRA was meant to inform government so that more efficient policymaking decisions can be made, SMSFs were not subject to the same increased data reporting requirements by the ATO.
This submission shows how far out of touch ASFA, and by association its super fund members, are with reality when it comes to superannuation. It also ignores one of the big differences between SMSFs and other superannuation funds. SMSF members are looking after their own money while the other superannuation funds are looking after other people's money.
Most of the reporting requirements imposed on APRA-regulated funds are there to ensure that members' interests are protected.
Much of the data collected by APRA is more about ensuring the large super funds are correctly administering the money they hold on behalf of members than being a source of data for governments to make policy decisions on.
The submission by ASFA also ignores the reporting requirements placed on SMSFs by the ATO. The amount of information required by the ATO includes a breakdown of expenses of the fund into 14 categories, what contributions are being made and benefits paid out for each member, and information about investments made by the SMSF broken down into 19 different categories.
This information collected by the ATO is widely published and made available to the government. As a result of this, the government has more than enough information on what SMSFs are doing to base policy decisions on.
The ASFA submission highlights a weakness of the super industry. Despite SMSFs being the largest sector in the industry, it does not have a body to represent it to the same degree as industry and commercial funds do. If it did, many of the meaningless rules imposed on trustees, originally designed to protect members from the actions of trustees, would not still be in place.
This story Administrator ready to work first appeared on Nanjing Night Net.


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A close shave for set theory
Suppose you walk past a barber's shop one day, and see a sign that says
"Do you shave yourself? If not, come in and I'll shave you! I shave anyone who does not shave himself, and noone else."
This seems fair enough, and fairly simple, until, a little later, the following question occurs to you - does the barber shave himself? If he does, then he mustn't, because he doesn't shave men who shave themselves, but then he doesn't, so he must, because he shaves every man who doesn't shave himself... and so on. Both possibilities lead to a contradiction.
This is the Barber's Paradox, discovered by mathematician, philosopher and conscientious objector Bertrand Russell, at the begining of the twentieth century. As stated, it seems simple, and you might think a little thought should show you the way around it. At worst, you can just say "Well, the barber's condition doesn't work! He's just going to have to decide who to shave in some different way." But in fact, restated in terms of so-called "naïve" set theory, the Barber's paradox exposed a huge problem, and changed the entire direction of twentieth century mathematics.
In naïve set theory, a set is just a collection of objects that satisfy some condition. Any clearly phrased condition is thought to define a set - namely, those things that satisfy the condition. Here are some sets:
- The set of all red motorcycles ;
- The set of all integers greater than zero;
- The set of all blue bananas - which is just the empty set!
This set is not a member of itself
Some sets are not members of themselves - for example, the set of all red motorcycles - and some sets are - for example, the set of all non-motorcycles. Now what about the set of all sets which are not members of themselves? Is it a member of itself or not? If it is, then it isn't, and if it isn't, then it is... Just like the barber who shaves himself, but mustn't, and therefore doesn't, and so must!
So now we realise that Russell's Barber's Paradox means that there is a contradiction at the heart of naïve set theory. That is, there is a statement S such that both itself and its negation (not S) are true. The particular statement here is "the set of all sets which are not members of themselves contains itself". But once you have a contradiction, you can prove anything you like, just using the rules of logical deduction! This is how it goes.
- If S is true, and Q is any other statement, then "S or Q" is clearly true.
- Since "not S" is also true, so is "S or Q and not S".
- Therefore Q is true, no matter what it is.
The paradox raises the frightening prospect that the whole of mathematics is based on shaky foundations, and that no proof can be trusted. In essence, the problem was that in naïve set theory, it was assumed that any coherent condition could be used to determine a set. In the Barber's Paradox, the condition is "shaves himself", but the set of all men who shave themselves can't be constructed, even though the condition seems straightforward enough - because we can't decide whether the barber should be in or out of the set. Both lead to contradictions.
Attempts to find ways around the paradox have centred on restricting the sorts of sets that are allowed. Russell himself proposed a "Theory of Types" in which sentences were arranged hierarchically. At the lowest level are sentences about individuals. At the next level are sentences about sets of individuals; at the next level, sentences about sets of sets of individuals, and so on. This avoids the possibility of having to talk about the set of all sets that are not members of themselves, because the two parts of the sentence are of different types - that is, at different levels.
But to be a satisfactory philosophy, we have to be able to say why you are not allowed to mix levels. Although, for example, it is not true that the property of being red is itself red, this is surely a wrong statement, rather than actually meaningless. And there are properties that seem reasonably to apply to themselves - the Theory of Types disallows statements such as "It's nice to be nice" but really this seems like a reasonable and true statement!
For this and other reasons, the most favoured escape from Russell's Paradox is the so-called Zermelo-Fraenkel axiomatisation of set theory. This axiomatisation restricts the assumption of naïve set theory - that, given a condition, you can always make a set by collecting exactly the objects satisfying the condition. Instead, you start with individual entities, make sets out of them, and work upwards. This means you do not have to suppose that there is a set of all sets, which means you don't have to try to divide that set up into those sets that contain themselves and those which don't. You only have to be able to make this division for the elements of any given set, which you have built up from individual entities via some number of steps.
To end on a more flippant note, if Russell had been aware of the inbuilt sexism of the language of his day, the course of twentieth century mathematics might have been different. There is an easy solution to the Barber's Paradox, which doesn't require the opening of any nasty cans of set-theoretic worms. Just make the barber a woman...
About the author
Helen Joyce is editor of Plus.
The Barber's Paradox
This is the first time I've seen this paradox. It is confusing. But it just seems like a play on words. You can't seem to cross more than two levels unless you change the definition of the set. If A=odd #s and B=even #'s then A and B are not members of themselves. So if C=A+B then C could be considered the set of sets that are not members of themselves, or C could be the set of all real integers. But if A was the whole number digits of pi and B was all prime #'s then you can't really define A+B. I guess it is in the hierarchy. You can't really cross two levels by defining the second level as C when it is really undefined. You're just puting a label on something that doesn't fit. It is like saying A is all red motorcycles and B is all blue motorcycles and calling the set A+B the set of motorcycles. It's not true. You either would have to add them together and say the set of all blue and red motorcycles, or keep it as 2 separate sets that can not be combined because there is no definition to that set. So by saying you have a set of sets that are not members of themselves, you could be talking about a set of infinite possibilities with no real parameter defined. I guess in my opinion when you say a set of sets that are not a member of themselves, you could be talking about anything. Now if that "anything" happens to be a group of things that have a physical rule that each individual thing shares then it could be a set defined by that rule. But, if there is no physical common bond other than the "anything" is just a group of sets drawn together and labeled with a variable, then in my opinion they are not really a set. More of an irrational set. And in the Barber Paradox it seems to me that this is just an irrational statement. I shave everyone that doesn't shave themselves. Well, he misspoke. He shaves everyone who doesn't shave themselves, other than himself. The set was not defined properly. Basically, the barber is the definition of the set. The flaw to me is this. People who do not shave themselves are individuals with a rule. The barber is really a parameter, not an individual. You must first be an individual then follow the rule to be in the group. How can a set be a member of individual motorcycles that are red? It's not a motorcycle, it is a set. Anyway, that's my thoughts on the subject. I guess I would have to see how this applies in mathematics to fully understand.
The God Paradox
Can God create a stone that he can not lift up?
This is based on the general assumption that everything is possible to god.So if he creates a stone which he cann't lift up,then it breaks the condition he can lift anything.At the same time if he cann't create a stone, then its against that he can create anything.
Can God create a stone that he can not lift up?
Well God can create a stone, that is already lifted up, since it is already lifted up, he cannot lift it up again.
condition proved.
can god create a stone he can not lift?
if god can't lift up a stone that is already lifted, it states that god can't do anything, which he can, thus he can lift an already lifted stone.
The God paradox
An axiom: God is infinite. (True)
So let's study the action of creating that stone which God cannot lift up.
The stone would have to be of an infinite mass.
Therefore when God creates that stone, He would no longer exist.
Why? If God would still exist outside that stone, that would mean that the stone would be of a finite mass, which is false.
Therefore God would no longer exist while the stone which He cannot lift exists. So there would be no one left to lift that stone.
That proves that the paradox does not take place.
The God Paradox
Hmm well your axiom
God is infinite..
violates your whole proof so nice try but it's a definite no go..
axiom : God is Infinite
predicate : God is Inifinite If and only if God has no mass
otherwise God would take up all mass and there would be no stones.. :) (this was your argument not mine.. that a stone can't be infinite mass or god would be gone. , which is contrapositive to this this proposition)
nice try though..
if god is infinite , he sure must be massless, energyless too for that matter..
Before talking Mathematics, I advise you to go and read some Philosophy of Mathematics...
The Barber's Paradox
The aim of every science is to discover the laws that could explain one or another phenomenon. Once these laws are discovered, then science proceed to study the other phenomena, which in the nature are of an infinite set. It is interesting to note that in the process of discovering a law, for example in physics, people make thousands of experiments, build proves, among them some experience, or evidence - useful for understanding a certain phenomenon, but other experiments or evidence proved fruitless. But it is found only with hindsight, when the law is already discovered. Therefore, with the discovering of the law it is enough to show 2 - 3 experiments or prove to verify its correctness. All other experiments were the ways of study and there is no need to repeat them, to understand how the law works. In the exact sciences, it is understood, and therefore the students studies only the information that is necessary to understand specific phenomena. By no means is the case with the study of formal logic.
Formal logic, as opposed to other sciences: physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology and so on, studies not an infinite number of phenomena in nature, but only one how a man thinks, how he learns the world surrounding us, and how people understand each other. In other words, what laws govern the logic of our thinking, i.e., our reasoning and judgments in any science or in everyday life.
By the beginning of XVIII century four laws of logic were formulated : the law of identity, Law of Contradiction, the Law of Excluded Middle and the Law of Sufficient Ground. The first three laws were formulated by Aristotle in the 4 th century BC, as the 4th law was introduced by Leibniz at the beginning of 18 century. So far for more than 300 years, none of the philosophers discovered neither the 5th or 6 th law of formal logic. During this time, all the "discovery" of formal logic were limited only to it's the distortion and confusion.
If to consider a formal logic of Aristotle from the point of view of its essence , then its center of gravity is its Laws, that were discovered by Aristotle, based on analysis of the different types of syllogism, which Aristotle classified to track down those Laws. In his research, the syllogisms played the same role as the experiments in physics or chemistry for the discovery of regularities, to explain the process of certain events. Once these logical laws of thinking have been discovered, the syllogisms have fulfilled their role. And it would be foolish to assume that our knowledge in any science, is built only on Aristotle's syllogisms or others discovered later. Whatever syllogisms would not have been discovered since Aristotle, none of them had added something new in the laws of formal logic revealed by Aristotle and Leibniz. But philosophers still continue to analyze Aristotle's syllogisms, a historic mission of which ended more than 2000 years ago. Moreover, after the discovering of 4th of law of formal logic, the law of sufficient ground , the legality of any syllogism is easy checked from the viewpoint of the four laws of formal logic, because all our judgments and inferences must be obeyed to these laws, to be true.
Bertrand Russell is the one who belongs to this category of the philosophers, who in his book "History of Western Philosophy", examining the formal logic of Aristotle, has continued to pick weaknesses in his syllogisms, rather than focus his attention on the importance of the laws of formal logic in the human knowledge and to point out to the incompleteness of their definitions.
Here he writes about the formal logic: "Aristotle's most important work in logic is the doctrine of the syllogism... Apart from such inferences as the above, Aristotle and his followers thought that all deductive inference, when strictly stated, is syllogistic. By setting forth all the valid kinds of syllogism, and setting out any suggested argument in syllogistic form, it should therefore be possible to avoid fallacies.This system was the beginning of formal logic, and , as such, was both important and admirable. But considered as the end, not the beginning, of formal logic, it is open to three kinds of criticism:(1) Formal defects within the system itself. (2) Over-estimation of the syllogism, as compared to other forms of deductive argument. (3) Over-estimation of deduct5ion as a form of argument." (Bertrand Russell, "A History of Western Philosophy", p196-197, published by Simon&Schuster)
As we see, in his chapter "Aristotle's Logic" he did not mention at all about the importance of three laws of formal logic discovered by Aristotle. As I said earlier, the power of formal logic, its common to all sciences, based on its four laws, rather than on different types of syllogism. Russell's misunderstanding of this fact led him to an underestimation and distortion of formal logic.
Such a perversion, and was introduced by the famous philosopher, B. Russell, in formal logic, as shown by his following explanation to the 3rd position above: " All the important inferences outside logic and pure mathematics are inductive, not deductive; the only exceptions are law and theology, each of which derives its first principles from an unquestionable text, viz, the statute books or the scriptures" (p. 199)
And in another place he writes:"Valid syllogisms, in fact, are only some among valid deductions, and have no logical priority over others. The attempt to give pre-eminence to the syllogism in deduction misled philosophers as to the nature of mathematical reasoning. Kant, who perceived that mathematics is not syllogistic, inferred that it uses extra-logical principles, which, however, he supposed to be as certain as those of logic. He, like his predecessors, though in a different way, was misled by respect for Aristotle" (p.199)
Rather than to say that even outside of logic and pure mathematics, four of law of formal logic, without any doubt remained valid, he emphasizes on the syllogisms that do not constitute the essence of formal logic and for this reason are not general to all science. His misunderstanding of role of the laws of formal logic in human thinking is confirmed by his paradox with the notion of set. Let us show how this paradox violates the basic laws of formal logic.
The paradox of Russell in the original form is linked to the notion of set or class. But the whole world knows it in another interpretation. Russell proposed the following popular version of discovered him paradox of set theory. Suppose there is a town with just one male barber; and that every man in the town keeps himself clean-shaven: some by shaving themselves, some by attending the barber. It seems reasonable to imagine that the barber obeys the following rule: He shaves all and only those men in town who do not shave themselves. Under this scenario, we can ask the following question: Does the barber shave himself ? Asking this, however, we discover that the situation presented is in fact impossible:
If the barber does not shave himself, he must abide by the rule and shave himself.
If he does shave himself, according to the rule he will not shave himself.
In this paradox, all the men in town are divided into two categories : those who shave themselves, and those who do not shave themselves. And barber is in one of these categories (one sufficient ground) , as he is a man from the town. But on the other hand, the man identified as a barber (another sufficient ground) with the functions that are contrary to the first two categories or sufficient ground:
he shaves all and only those men in town who do not shave themselves. Thus barber is determined in two ways for both categories:(1) as a man who shave himself and (2) as a barber, who shave all and only those men in town who do not shave themselves; or (1) as a man who does not shave himself and (1) as a barber, who shave all and only those men in town who do not shave themselves. The paradox violated the laws of formal logic: the law of identity and the law of sufficient ground. Violation of the Law of Identity takes place by introducing into the paradox of the two sufficient grounds: town men and town barber. And if our assumptions have violated the basic laws of formal logic, the conclusions would be incorrect.
For example, imagine a foreigner with an excellent memory, who memorized 5000 English words, but he absolutely does not know the rules of the English language. Rather than to say: "Today I read an interesting book", he said: "I book today read an interesting ." This sentence does not make sense to anybody because it has no meaning. It is well known that in order to learn new language one has to know besides the words, all the rules of language, another words to be familiar with the laws of the language which one tries to learn. The same thing is in any science, including formal logic. But it does not mean that the English language does not always work or it is not powerful enough to express any idea, because the foreigner breaks the rule of the language. But based on the same logic philosophers come to the conclusion that the formal logic is not perfect , when confronted with logical paradoxes that violating the laws of formal logic .
It is interesting to note that Russell is aware of the presence in the paradox of two sets of definitions, which poses a problem. Russell's own answer to the puzzle came in the form of a "theory of types." The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers. " - but he does not associate it with a violation of the law of Identity , not to mention about the law of Sufficient ground, because in this case there would be nothing to talk about and there would be nothing new to be discovered, because this problem has been resolved by Aristotle over 2000 years ago.
His critique of Aristotelean formal logic remind me the story about the curious man who visited Zoo and tried to pay attention to everything including tiny insects, but after his visit of Zoo, he started to boast about his knowledge of animals that he saw, and one of his listeners asked him did he see an elephant in the Zoo and he said that he did not noticed one.
As I have said early, to understand the importance of the law of sufficient ground in its aggregation it is necessary to understand very well the relationship of formal and dialectical logic, and Russell denied the existence of the latter: "Even if (as I myself believe) almost all of the teachings of Hegel is false, it is still important, which not only belongs to history, as it best represents a certain kind of philosophy, which have other, less coordinated and less than comprehensive." After this statement about the dialectical logic, and with such understanding of formal logic, he can not be called not only as a great philosopher but even as a philosopher, because he did not introduce anything new to the development of formal logic of Aristotle, except of the distortion and perversion....
Ilya Stavinsky
The different identical objects or The uniqueness of truth
A perfectly true sentence: "Identical objects are different."
To make this statement interesting i will give the answer two weeks after it's publication.
A close shave for set theory...
"Do you shave yourself? If not, come in and I'll shave you! I shave anyone who does not shave himself, and no one else."
"Does the barber shave himself? If he does, then he mustn't, because he doesn't shave men who shave themselves, but then he doesn't, so he must, because he shaves every man who doesn't shave himself... and so on. Both possibilities lead to a contradiction. "
A seemingly true paradox, but really just a naive question.
The parameters of the question are undefined. For instance; what defines a "shave"?
Is it considered a shave when you:
A. Remove all the hair from your face?
B. The initial cutting of hair that defines a shave?
Lets define this by way of common language:
I can start to shave and stop to answer the phone,
most likely my wife reminding me to shave,
so I answer, "I am not done shaving but I was shaving"
So by the aforementioned conversation, the "act of shaving" is the term by which we agree to acknowledge what consitutes a shave. There for by this "definition" the answer would have to be;
He would start to shave himself but never finish and from the point on only get some one else to shave him...
Just Letting You Know
I used your Barber paradox in my blog today and included a link to the page I used. Great website, I hope I didn't anger you by using the example.
The Green Dude
Hidden sexism?
Clearly, the "anti-sexist" way-out for the barber's paradox could have worked - had the original statement been that the barber is the person who shaves any MAN that does not shave himself. But it doesn't! It says that the barber shaves anyONE that doesn't shave himself - that is, women included.
To add to the "God paradox": can God create a barber? And must that barber then be of a non-human race?
This Awesome Theory!
To Helen Joyce,
Yes, this is all well but what actually is the answer? I would like to know!
Then also do you know any sites (other that this one) that give you long lost/forgotten mathematical mysteries that DON'T involve any algebra?
Please if you go post it on this site! Also I do think this is a bit sexist so I think it's best if you kind of think through what you're going to type and the viewpoints/opinions you're going to get about it. I thank you for your time reading this.
Yours Mysteriously,
solution or not?
If the barber were to wax his beard or hair off or have it removed by plucking or in any other way that does not include a razor, would that count as shaving? If not, then that would save him and everyone else the trouble of deciding whether or not he should shave himself.
What if the barber was bald and therefore he would not need someone to cut his hair.
The phrase 'one does not shave oneself'
The phrase 'one does not shave oneself' also includes the following cases along with the usual case in which one is shaved by another person:
1. one cannot (i.e. is not able to) grow hair (on head or beard or etc.)
2. one does not cut one's hair.
A contradiction means a premise is false
The barber could be a woman, a pre-beard child, an American Indian, skin can't grow hair due to fire accident on the face making it impossible, etc. Essencially, any situation where a barber growing a beard doesn't apply.
Let's assume the barber can grow a beard (some women included), and shaving includes all methods of removing hair (including things like fire to the face), then the solution is still obvious. One of premises in the original statement is false: "Do you shave yourself? If not, come in and I'll shave you! I shave [everyone] who does not shave himself, and noone else."
One of these premises are false:
1. Everyone in town has a clean shave, which includes the barbor. (so the barbor has a beard)
2. "I shave [everyone] who does not shave himself..." (so he doesn't shave everyone who does not shave himself)
3. "...and noone else." (so he shaves others too)
Bottom line: the orignal statement has to be false.
Problem of the Paradox
The real problem with the paradox is in the verb shave is used differently in two instances.
To demonstrate this, here is my solution to the paradox:
Those men that shave themselves do not go to the barber.
Those men that do not shave themselves are shaved by the barber. This should really be, those men that do not shave themselves are barbered by the barber.
And like that, the paradox is solved.
Does the barber shave himself? Yes, but he does not barber himself.
Round and round
The principal of Russell College instructed her maintenance staff "If the front door is red, then paint it any other colour. But if it's any other colour, then paint it red."
That was some years ago and they're still painting.
Barbershop quintet
There are in fact at least five barbers, each of whom shaves himself if and only if he doesn't.
The most famous one, call him Bertrand, shaves all and only those who don't shave themselves.
Alfred, on the other hand, is shaved by all and only those who don't shave themselves.
Gottlob shaves all and only those who don't shave him.
Georg is shaved by all and only those whom he doesn't shave.
Augustus (my favourite) shaves all and only those whom he doesn't shave.
Chris G
Easily solved, the barber is
Easily solved, the barber is a woman, as it's states. 'I shave anyone who does not shave himself' "himself" not 'theirself' therefore she can shave all men, if she does grow a beard by chance, she can still shave herself, as she is a woman not a man, Hahaha easily solved :-)
Wow, it must have been a real
Wow, it must have been a real slow day in your shop to come up with that. I am a female barber, I do not shave my face. How ever, I do straight razor shave men.
My solution
The paradox is clearly not about barbers or sets.
It can feature any verb or verb phrase - shave, adore, paint, include in a set, share a pizza with - that can take a subject, object, and crucially, a tense. Almost any verb you like in fact. What we're concerned with here however is the logical tense. This kind of tense isn't necessarily overtly marked by any grammatical suffix like "-ed" in English, or by a word like "then" or "now" or "tomorrow". But it is demonstrated just by the repetition of the verb in a compound proposition or sequence of such propositions. Each constituent clause or proposition featuring the same verb, even with the same grammatical tense, has a different logical tense and refers to a different time.
An artist paints all and only those who don't paint themselves. Each of the two occurrences of "paint" have a different logical tense since they occur at different place-times in this sequence of clauses. We can make this difference highly explicit: An artist will paint tomorrow all and only those who didn't paint themselves yesterday. So if the artist didn't paint herself, then she will. And if she did, then she won't. Simple. Logical. The set will include all and only those sets it didn't include before, so if it did include itself before then it won't next time, and vice versa. Any paradoxical contradiction is merely a result of failure to differentiate with respect to logical tense, of flattening out the entire argument into a kind of timeless present.
This shouldn't be an entirely unfamiliar idea. We use brackets to indicate arithmetical tense, that is the order in which operations are to be performed, to avoid contradiction.
Time heals all logical wounds.
Chris G
The barbers paradox
Actually this is only a paradox if we assume that it is impossible for the barber to lie. Just because the barber's sign STATES they "shave anyone who does not shave themselves and no one else" doesn't necessarily mean that IS the case. You might call that the Madison Avenue theory, or the P.T. Barnum... ;)
The Barber's Paradox
When the barber is saying:
"Do you shave yourself? If not, come in and I'll shave you! I shave anyone who does not shave himself, and noone else"
it means that he is a barber who obviously works in his shop during working hours, i.e. from 09:00 until 17:00. By the law, this must be clearly visible at the entrance door of his barbershop.
Before that time or after that time he is not working as a barber and he can easily shave himself; obviously he shaves himself.
The time element must be added to the equation.
Time and self
I agree particularly with your last sentence, Robert, and would be interested in feedback from you about how I go about adding the time element in my comment "My solution" shortly before yours (in space that is, but a year in time).
The words you put in the barber's mouth "I shave anyone who does not shave himself, and noone else" also clarify the matter. He clearly isn't talking about what he does or doesn't do to his own bristles, that subject is irrelevant. Similarly with Russell's famous set. It may include any set that doesn't include itself and none other, but that has no implications to whether it includes itself.
In fact this point still stands even if the barber just says "I shave anyone." since he's still not talking about shaving himself. Even if he has no shop or special working hours, and even if he isn't a professional barber. It's really just a feature of how we use verbs (or verb phrases) that take an object. Consider the absurd syllogism "John shook hands with everyone in the room. John was in the room. Therefore John shook hands with himself". Same goes for "shave".


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Many aspects of business are difficult — if not impossible — to control. Influencing, or even predicting, the multiplicity of factors that impact the success or failure of a business keeps many entrepreneurs up at night. Business owners struggle to reach new markets, develop sound supply chains and keep up with changing social and technological trends, many of which they have no control over. That's why more and more savvy business owners are looking to optimize areas of the business that they do control. Customer service, for example, is one aspect of a business that can be controlled to a high degree. Unfortunately, many businesses overlook this critical area of opportunity; however, my recent experience with an online t-shirt retailer Dodge & Burn reinforced my belief in the power of customer service.
As an avid photographer and collector of camera equipment and paraphernalia, I happened upon a website selling photography-inspired graphic t-shirts. There were a range of colours and styles to choose from, each with a different camera model printed on the front. After perusing through the website and checking out the shipping options, I decided to purchase four shirts. Within minutes of checking out, I received a confirmation email of my purchase and a notice indicating shipping time. Excellent.
A few days later, I was the happy recipient of four t-shirts. After unpacking them, I washed them so they'd be ready to wear the next day. I decided to wear the black one first, but as I was putting it on, the shirt ripped. Disappointed, I showed my girlfriend and exclaimed, "I just bought this! And now look at it!"
A few days later, I was reading an article on the photography blog PetaPixel when I noticed an article about Dodge & Burn. A few other readers had left comments below the article so I decided to share my experience about my t-shirt ripping. To be fair, I also pointed out the excellent communication and fast shipping of the seller.
The day after posting my comment I received an email from the owner of Dodge & Burn, Ted Rybakowski:
I heard through the grapevine that one of your shirts ripped. We'll be more than happy to send you a replacement (provided we have it in stock). Let me know which shirt was faulty and I'll have a new one out to you ASAP.
I was blown away by Ted's dedication to customer service. Ted was obviously aware of the press he was receiving on PetaPixel, and had read the comments section under the article. He could have easily overlooked my comment, chalking it up to a whiny customer. Instead he took it as an opportunity to service his customer and stand behind his product. I replied to Ted, by complimenting him on his service and thanking him for his offer. To that he replied:
Actually, I saw your comment on PetaPixel this morning and was sorry to read that your shirt tore before you even wore it. Part of the fun I have in running this business is that I get to run it exactly how I want to, and that includes making sure my customers are happy (it's right there in the FAQ where we describe our customer satisfaction policy)! Your replacement shirt is going out in tomorrow morning's post. Don't hesitate to get back in touch for any reason.
Ted certainly made his point: I was one happy customer — happy enough to write an article about it and happy enough to share the experience with my friends and other photography enthusiasts.
When customers are treated fairly it stands out. Sadly, it stands out because so few businesses focus on it. If every business treated customers as fairly as Dodge & Burn did, I wouldn't be writing this article. It would be par for the course.
The opportunity is clear: when others are ignoring their customers, focusing on customer service will increase all-important brand loyalty. Ted heard that his customer's shirt had ripped its stitches; however, by standing behind his product, by setting things right, Ted will reap what he has sewn. His act of recompense has turned what would otherwise be a one-time sale, into a word-of-mouth bonanza. As a business owner, you can't control everything, but you certainly can control your dedication to your customers.


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About Us
Volleyball England is the recognised National Governing Body for Volleyball, Beach Volleyball and Sitting Volleyball in England. Volleyball England is responsible for the development, promotion and delivery of Volleyball across England.
Volleyball England is working hard to modernise the image of the game and has set itself some ambitious targets for the expansion of its membership. This includes an increase in affiliated Clubs, of qualified, registered and active Coaches and Referees, of Volunteers and of players of all standards and ages irrespective of gender and background.
Our Mission
Volleyball England is committed to leading the growth of, and excellence in all disciplines of volleyball in England.
Our Vision
- Volleyball England will lead by creating innovative, exciting new opportunities for people to enjoy volleyball
- Volleyball England will respect the diverse communities within the game and will be ethcally driven
- Volleyball England will develop world class structures and events to enable those with the potential to succeed
- Volleyball England will celebrate, support and develop staff and vounteers through all of the games
- Volleyball England's image will be recognised and respected by stakeholders
Our Values
Volleyball is an Active, exciting game played by all ages
Volleyball is Inclusive in all opportunties that are offered
Volleyball innitiatives and programmes are Innovative in their approach
The volleyball experience is Positive for all those who take part in or contribute towards it
Volleyball is Competitive in all its forms, sitting, beach, outdoor and indoor
Volleyball England is Supportive of all our staff and volunteers
Find Clubs / Events


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NEW YORK (Reuters) - JPMorgan Chase & Co (JPM.N) has decided to get out of the student loan business, after the biggest U.S. bank concluded that competition from federal government programs and increased scrutiny from regulators had limited its ability to expand the business.
JPMorgan, which already restricted student loans to existing Chase bank customers, will stop accepting applications for private student loans on October 12, at the end of the peak borrowing season for this school year, according to a memo from the company to colleges that was reviewed by Reuters on Thursday. Final loan disbursements are expected before March 15, 2014.
"We just don't see this as a market that we can significantly grow," said Thasunda Duckett, chief executive for auto and student loans at Chase, in an interview.
Not making more loans "puts us in a position to redeploy those resources, as well as focus on our No. 1 priority, which is getting the regulatory control environment strengthened," Duckett said.
JPMorgan's decision comes after Congress acted in mid-2010 to bypass the banks and have the government lend directly to students. The federal government now issues 93 percent of student loans. Banks and other private lenders have also come under pressure from regulators and politicians to offer more flexible repayment terms on student loans.
JPMorgan's portfolio has been shrinking by roughly $1 billion to $2 billion a year since then, and is a small fraction of its assets. The company's student loan portfolio at the end of June held $11 billion - less than 0.5 percent - of its $2.44 trillion of assets. Last year, Chase made education loans to 12,500 people for a total of about $200 million.
Hundreds of thousands of students, however, still look to private lenders when they have exhausted their federal borrowing limit. Richard Hunt, president of the Consumer Bankers Association, said decisions like JPMorgan's show that the government's direct lending policies are leading to "less competition in the marketplace."
He said the government programs encourage students to take on more debt than they can afford because the loans, unlike those made by banks, do not require assessments of the ability to repay.
But many experts have said that the primary problem with student lending lies in how much college costs and in the sheer size of the debt taken on, not in who makes the loans and how they are structured and how much they cost in interest.
Moreover, others may fill in the gap. Other major lenders that remain in the business include SLM Corp (SLM.O), known as Sallie Mae; Wells Fargo & Co (WFC.N); and Discover Financial Services (DFS.N). Both Wells and Discover said on Thursday that they would continue to make student loans.
Danny Ray, president of Discover Student Loans, said although competition from the government has taken business from lending for graduate studies, his bank found more demand from undergraduate students who have already reached their government borrowing limits and are still short of the money they need.
Credit unions could also use exits by banks such as JPMorgan as an opportunity to do more business. Many entered the market in 2010 and have made about $2 billion of student loans since then, according to Paul Gentile, executive vice president of the Credit Union National Association.
JPMorgan's decision follows a broader, ongoing review of businesses amid new regulations, heightened scrutiny and capital requirements.
In July, the bank said it would exit physical commodities trading, as Wall Street's role in the trading of raw materials comes under political and regulatory pressure.
In June, the bank said its private equity unit, One Equity Partners, would become independent, as it increased its focus on client businesses. At the time, a source said the move was also driven by the bank's decision to simplify its operating structure.
Reporting by David Henry in New York. Additional reporting by Elvina Nawaguna in Washington.; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick, Gunna Dickson, Douglas Royalty, Andrew Hay


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Welcome back to Ammertime!
This podcast is a bit of an amalgamation of last months events.
We talk a bit about what we are doing in the hobby.
Henry discusses his trip to England and the games at Pigmar Wargaming Club in Bath.
Kristoffer has a wee rant about 1.2
Henry interviews a coupe of Danish ETC guys to hear about their build up to the ETC next year.
Danish ETC forum: www.powerfist.dk/forum/index.php?topic=32769.0
Danish ETC hub: www.facebook.com/pages/Rollespils…f=message_bubble [Read More]


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You can blame the closing of the Living Water Christian Bookstore on cyberspace sales, the overall decline of the print publishing industry, technology, or perhaps, another cause.
Since going into the ministry, the Rev. Roy Miles has been able to share Jesus with others as the answer to most of life's roller coasters, but this is a ride he doesn't have an answer for.
KERSHAW – A stolen car led deputies to discover a mobile methamphetamine (meth) lab in a Kershaw park early Wednesday morning, Aug. 15.
Lancaster County Sheriff's Office Maj. Matt Shaw said a man and woman were arrested at about 7 a.m. when a patrol deputy found them inside a stolen car at Kershaw's Stevens Park.
After they were arrested, Shaw said deputies found materials commonly used to manufacture meth inside the car.
A wonderful student. Rock solid. A pillar of the community.
The words came quickly to Indian Land High School Principal David Shamble as he struggled through shock and sadness to remember 21-year-old Thomas Russell Harris III on Monday.
Shamble learned last weekend that Harris, a 2009 ILHS graduate, was killed following a motorcycle accident in Indian Land on Saturday, Aug. 11.
"It was a shock. He was a wonderful person," Shamble said. "The staff is coming to grips with it now."
The interior of the Native American Studies Center is said to be so nice that visitors may think they're in a much larger city such as Charleston or Greenville.
That's what Lancaster City Councilwoman Sara Eddins said she's been told by those who've seen the renovated Main Street building that will soon be occupied by the University of South Carolina Lancaster.
Faculty members plan to move in this week.
The percentage of Lancaster County students meeting state standards increased in most subject areas last year, according to Palmetto Assessment of State Standards (PASS) and High School Assessment Program (HSAP) data released last week.
PASS results
Now in its fourth year, the end of year PASS test is administered to third- through eighth-graders.
The Lancaster County Council of the Arts is pleased to announce that in the galleries of the Springs House are the works of two talented local artists: Dr. Frances Story and Leon McFadden. The Springs House is located at 201 W. Gay St.
For the month of August, the walls of the galleries will feature the watercolors of Story and the pedestals will hold the wire creations of McFadden, a true folk artist.
About the artists
Clinton Elementary School will allow students to transfer to other public schools as a result of recently released data tied to federal No Child Left Behind standards.
Based on final data collected as part of the state's Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), the S.C. Department of Education has identified Clinton Elementary as a school required to offer public school choice for the 2012-13 school year, with transportation provided by the district.
A Lancaster man suffered a facial fracture following an assault at a wedding party, and police are still searching for the suspects.
Officers began investigating the incident after a 24-year-old man came to the lobby of the police department at about 3:30 a.m. Aug. 5, to report an assault, according to a Lancaster Police Department incident report.
A North Elementary School summer program student was suspended last week after bringing a pocket knife to school.
Though no one was threatened or injured in the incident, Lancaster County School District Transportation and Safety Director Bryan Vaughn said the incident is a good reminder as the new school year begins of the seriousness of the offense.
Vaughn said the incident came to light when another student told a teacher that the 11-year-old rising fifth-grader had a knife.
Officials with the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) met with Indian Land residents at Indian Land Middle School on Aug. 7 to discuss a pending permit for Pressley's Recycling Center and solicit public input.
Pressley's Recycling Center owner Ronald R. Olsen has requested a permit to operate a previously unpermitted concrete crusher in the wake of a December compliance letter from DHEC ordering him to address multiple regulatory violations at the site.
The center is located at 9531 Charlotte Highway.
Copyright © 2019
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Words starting with letters
To find all words beginning with one or more letters , just enter the letters in the text box and Findmewords will list all the words with that prefix . For each word also display its part of speech. The results will be sorted by the number of letters. To obtain the definition, part of speech, origin and etymology of any word just click on it.


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I've been neglecting this blog for a while, partially because life got really busy, and partially because I felt like I had outgrown this space. When I got married I changed my last name, but I didn't really know what to do with sites like this that were still in my maiden name. I made a new website with Squarespace, whose interface I like much more than my previous Indexhibit site, and I hope that having a space that is easy to update that includes a blog and shop all in one will help me post more often and be able to share the things I've been so busy making.
Please update your blog readers, the new site www.jackiethomson.squarespace.com
UPDATE: The shop is at the same space on etsy: www.etsy.com/shop/loomroomtextiles
This shop has my weaving work and illustration work together
Feel free to email with inquiries or custom weaving or illustration projects


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Louis CK Puts Being A Dad Into Amazing Perspective [Video]
Louis CK isn't known for his sympathy or patience for people. He shows a different side in this video on his experience being a dad. More specifically, his growth into a dad. Nobody knows exactly what they are doing when they become a father, but coming to a realization about what it truly means can be all the difference in the world. He loves his kids and has a great story about spending time with his daughter to start it off.
The 2nd Annual Butterfly Ball (a father/daughter dance) is June 9th at the Rockin TJ Ranch. There will be tons of fun events. Miss Rodeo Montana, games, prizes, and ice cream from Cold Stone Creamery!
Get your tickets right now, and ask out the lovely little girl in your life! (If dad isn't available, ask grandpa, or brother, or uncle or family friend.)


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http://ropetacklecentre.co.uk/events/be ... x-project/
Adam ???
It is currently Thu Aug 22, 2019 8:09 am
AndyM wrote:Yes, imagine a Jimi duet with Davy Graham.........
Adam Blake wrote:Bless.
..this chap here
Chris P wrote:Adam Blake wrote:Bless.
..this chap here
that's Sue & John's son Benji, just how out of touch are you Adam? (adze?)
Chris P wrote:yeh but you dunno about 'em* do ya! (dear bwoy)
* english n irish n etc folk 'scene'
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Clash Royale
Turmoil Royale has got to be freemium cellular phone option performance put together and also authored by Supercell. The sport of golf combinations items within very old debit card educational baby toys, tower health and safety, as well as multiplayer on the site have difficulty hallway. The sport of golf arrived on the scene on this planet with Attend only two, 2016.
Gameplay with Struggle Royale. Typically the battler includes merely busted an extra shot player's tower.
Typically the battler advantages your have difficulty out of wounding other websites next the attacker, none through harming their opposition "King's Tower", who seem to offers programmed couple of "crown" good results.
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Gameplay on the Clan Problems Gamemode; your some individual clan versus. clan gamemode.
On peak the only hack clash royale 2016, real, forged truly does design as well as better of clans. Clan readers will perform an individual from a couple towards not one but two "friendly battles" collectively, the fact which unfortunately will not topple trophies none bosom however , have nonetheless, lead to the woman 'practice at friends' finish. The woman "friendly battle" hold facilitates pull through spectating using their company clanmates. Clan patients might expose none inquire invitations on one beginning
For Attend 2017, "Leagues" isn't added onto the game of golf. When ever in excess of 4000 trophies, students can be found from a single that have been 7 various leagues about Competitor I always to be able to Previous Receiver. In the end associated with an year or so, ensemble have profits dependant upon the top combination executed through a calendar year. Other comprise that is implanted was basically "Clan Battles". Couple of students arrived at prevention together with an extra shot membership rights of this clan against wash it out facing not one but two the other one equals in an extra shot clan. Which is HACK DE GEMAS CLASH ROYALE the ahead of time to


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The Library: Drugs & Alcohol
This report focuses on LGBT people's use of alcohol and illegal drugs or legal drugs without prescription/medical advice and the important roles of sexual/gender identities in understanding their use of drugs and alcohol. The report makes recommendations for future strategy and service development.
- Academic Findings Report (PDF 1.3mb) 190 pages - June 2009
- Community Summary (PDF 75k) 2 pages - July 2009