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Open Vessel – Meditation Cocoon Chair
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Open Vessel – Meditation Cocoon Chair
Open Vessel is a meditation pod that aims to restore energy, focus, and balance by offering a cozy cocoon to help shut out the world around you. The egg-shaped pod is paired with an audio experience the user can set through the built-in tablet, with the options being: Relax, Energize, DayDream, Meditate in Silence, or […]
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Source of publication: 12-01-2018 21:22
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waiting on the mailman that is. I've been very good to myself this week. I've spent around $325 on stash for 3 upcoming projects! I never buy and stash stuff - I wait until I'm ready to start a project, them I gather the supplies I need. Not this time!
I've always wanted to stitch a Mirabilia, and was gifted (thanks S) with the Queen Mermaid http://www.mirabilia.com/crossStitchFrames/md57.html and Tammy at Stab and Stash http://www.stabandstash.com/ gifted me with a gorgeous one-of-a-kind piece of 32ct Linen that will be beautiful for this piece. Here's the DMC color chart http://www.needlepointers.com/displaypage.aspx?ArticleID=31979&URL=http%3a%2f%2fyarntree.com%2f075dmcolors.jpg, the outer ring of color is a beautiful teal like 3808 or 991, it has splashes of apricot like 3778 and 3779 along with a lemon yellow like 727 and a little baby blue. You just have to see it - and you will once I start stitching. Just waiting on the beads to arrive and make sure everything matches okay.
Everyone I know seems to be starting Blackstone Fantasy Garden by Ink Circles http://www.inkcircles.com/html/blackstone_fantasy_garden.html so I had to have it too - and the recommended thread pack from Carrie's Creations http://www.carriesthreads.com/images/Blackstone_Fantasy.jpg - aren't they GORGEOUS. Ordered 32ct Jobelan in Parchment (DMC 543) for this one.
Now, I've always wanted to try a Chatelaine (enter Kim, who got me hooked on Taj Mahal). So, that chart and recommended silks and bead pack took a big chunk from my checkbook this week. I've ordered 32ct Jobelan in Ivory.
I've taken this pampering business a little too far.....I did manage to shave my legs 4 times this week (that's a record for winter time). And, the best of all is my face cream from Bath & Body Works http://www.bathandbodyworks.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2126960&cp=2484526.2413515&view=all&view=all&parentPage=family
this stuff is like silk for your skin. It is incredible - I bought a trial kit last year and am just now getting around to using it everyday. It seems pricey but a little bit goes a long, long way.
I've been stitching on my Truth SK, around 2000 stitches left. Have a wonderful weekend everyone.....
Saturday, January 06, 2007
New stash awaits.............
waiting on the mailman that is. I've been very good to myself this week. I've spent around $325 on stash for 3 upcoming projects! I never buy and stash stuff - I wait until I'm ready to start a project, them I gather the supplies I need. Not this time!
Posted by Giggles rule! at 1:54 PM 2 comments
Wednesday, January 03, 2007
A little pampering never hurt anyone.....
My pledge to myself for personal growth this year is to pamper and treat myself better. Nothing makes you feel more feminine and special than a little pampering. Nothing drastic, it's in the little things. Like taking the time to use (everyday) the fluffy good smelling lotions I buy; (don't laugh here) actually shaving my legs more often than once a week, it's winter but still; going to lunch with friends and socializing; keeping my eyebrows tweezed into shape (amazing how this lifts my spirits); wearing perfume even on the days I'm just puttering around the house; burning candles while I stitch just for the joy of it......I'm sure I'll find some other ways too.
We women always put the people in our lives ahead of ourselves, so this year be good to yourselves too........your loved ones will appreciate it.
Currently stitching on Truth Storykeep
Posted by Giggles rule! at 8:54 AM 2 comments

subset: commoncrawl


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Can countries tackle climate change and still grow? Yes, say the leaders of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund – and the need to do so is urgent.
Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde weighed in on development and climate change in their first public discourse together on the topic, ahead of Annual Meetings with finance and development leaders this week.
"Technology has advanced so much that you can grow very robustly and go down a cleaner path," said Kim at the Economic Case for Climate Action, which also touched on fuel subsidies, carbon markets and taxes, renewable energy, cities, and climate-smart agriculture.
Dealing with climate change should be "very high" on member country finance ministers' list of priorities, added Lagarde.
"Climate change is a short-term, a medium-term, and a long-term issue, and if you don't deal with it in the short term, it will come to haunt us, our children, and our grandchildren," said Lagarde.
She said the key to addressing the problem is to "get the pricing right" and to gradually phase out and remove energy subsidies that amount to $485 billion globally today.
"If the price of fossil fuel is right – because it incorporates the negative externalities – then it encourages investment in cleaner fuels without the need for subsidies," she said.
Also needed: long-term financing for sustainable energy in developing countries; putting fast-growing cities on a clean development path; and "climate-smart" agriculture that incorporates climate-resilient farming techniques and crops. These are all things the World Bank Group can help with, said Kim.
"Please don't assume that tackling climate change means that all your costs are going to go up and that there are no good options," said Kim. "...keep an open mind as to all the things you can do right now, today, that would not only create a cleaner future, but help you grow economically."
The event, moderated by Zanny Minton Beddoes, economics editor for The Economist, also featured a panel of ministers from Peru, the Philippines, and Zambia, and was webcast, live-blogged, and tweeted in multiple languages with #wblive. Replay the live blog and webcast.
Watch Wednesday, Oct. 9:
The End of Poverty. Really?
9-10 a.m. ET
Follow the event live on Twitter with #wblive.
From Poverty to Prosperity
12-1:30 p.m. ET
Follow the event live on Twitter with #wblive.
Inclusion Matters: The Foundation for Shared Prosperity
2-3 p.m. ET
Follow the event live on Twitter with #wblive and #inclusionmatters
Innovation in Systems: The Art and Science of Change, with President Jim Yong Kim and Dr. Atul Gawande
3-4 p.m. ET
Follow the event live on Twitter with #wblive.
Join the Conversation
The AWAREness Campaign on The Human Population was founded in 2001. Since that moment I have seen it as a moral imperative to continue the work I've been doing for many years now: getting the message out and explaining to as many people as possible that human overpopulation of the Earth is occurring on our watch, that it poses profound existential risks for future human well being, life as we know it and environmental health, and that robust action is required starting here, starting now to honestly acknowledge, humanely address and eventually overcome.
How do you humanely address overpopulation?
China has done it inhumanely. Disease prevention has made War (or some catastrophic virus) the only real means of lowering the world population and that would not be considered humane.
Just tell the poor to stop breeding.


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2011 Season
Named first team All-Big West Conference for a second straight season ... Voted CSUN's Most Outstanding Performance Award ... One of the great water polo players in Cal State Northridge history ... In only 2-plus seasons at Cal State Northridge, Delgado has scored 191 career goals (35 goals in 2009, school record 80 goals in 2010, 76 goals in 2011), second-best in school history ... Only school record holder Allison Brookes (222 goals, 2005-08) stands ahead of Delgado ... Delgado was not only the team leader with 76 goals, but also tops in the Big West Conference and second-best for a single season in school history ... Her 76 goals was also fourth-best for a single season in Big West Conference history ... Delgado scored at least one goal in 32 of the team's 37 games ... In the last two seasons, Delgado has scored two or more goals in 52 games ... Scored two or more goals in 22 games this season ... Scored a career-high seven goals against Cal State Bakersfield (2/12/11) ... Has dished out 90 career assists, ninth-best in school history ... Fourth on the team in assists (40) and steals (30).
2010 Season
Honorable Mention All-American by the Association of College Water Polo Coaches (ACWPC) ... First Team All-Big West selection ... One of the top players in the nation ... Set a school record with 80 goals which tied for the league lead with UOP's Jasmine Myles ... The school record initially was set by Chari Christopher during the 2005 season ... Scored at least one goal in 32 of 34 games she played ... Tallied two or more goals in 22 games including a career-high six goals against nationally-ranked Arizona State (3/6/10)... Tallied five goals against Chapman (4/11/10), and against Pacific (4/25/10) in the Big West Tournament semifinals... Scored four goals against Cal Lutheran (3/6/10) ... The team's leading scorer in 14 games ... Has scored 115 goals in two seasons at Cal State Northridge, fifth-best in school history ... On pace to easily break the school record in career goals in the next two years ... The school record holder is Allison Brookes (2005-08) with 222, followed by Chari Christopher (2003-05) with 177, Jessica Coy (2006-09) with 162 and Erica Bonetti (2003-06) with 131 ... Tops on the team in shooting percentage (.544) ... Among the team leaders this year in assists (32, #3) and steals (33, #4).
2009 Season
Voted CSUN Rookie of the Year ... A freshman who was fourth on the team in goals scored with 35 (0.97 gpg, #11 in the Big West) ... Scored at least one goal in 21 games ... Tallied a season-high three goals in games against UC Irvine (2/8/09), Loyola Marymount (2/22/09) and Redlands (3/7/09).
High School
A standout water polo player at Thousand Oaks High School ... A four-year starter and letter winner ... Gained numerous honors including first team All-CIF, and two-time MVP (2007, 2008) ... During her junior season, broke the school record for goals in a season with 111 ... Also competed in swimming.
Matador Memo
Born May 23, 1990 in Thousand Oaks, Calif. ... Parents are Margot and Blake Delgado ... Her heroes are her parents ... Has two brothers, Preston and Quinn ... Both brothers played collegiate water polo, Preston at Cal Lutheran and Quinn at Pepperdine ... Roots for the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Lakers' Kobe Bryant ... Her favorite actor is Will Ferrell, and her actress is Reese Witherspoon ... Favorite television show is "Home Improvement" ... Loves pasta but can do without sea food ... Enjoys the music of Justin Timberlake ... Favorite movie is "Anchorman" ... Her best friend from another team is Casey Flacks at Loyola Marymount ... Her favorite pre-game ritual is to listen to music ... She can't imagine going a week without her cell phone ... The best advice she ever received is "always have fun" ... Communication major.


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Singletrack Social Ride – May – August – Blue Sky Trailhead
August 15, 2018 @ 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
An event every week that begins at 6:00 pm on Wednesday, repeating until August 29, 2018
Overland Singletrack Social (What is a Singletrack Social?)
For May-August, when we have more light, we will meet at 5:45pm at the Blue Sky Trail parking lot off of CR38E across from the Canyon Grill (4701 W County Rd 38E) so we can be riding by no later than 6:00pm.
All skill levels are welcome.
Beginner/Easy groups will generally ride the Valley trails in Lory State Park or Blue Sky Trail.
Intermediate groups will generally ride Blue Sky Trail and Indian Summer Loop.
Advanced groups will generally ride into Horsetooth Mountain Park via the road, Towers Trail or Sawmill Trail and ride various other trails.
We usually try to get together after the ride and socialize at Road 34. We will post after-ride details prior to the ride or let you know at the ride. Come out and join us for a fun time.


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I was one of the judges for the Smoke on the Mountain barbeque contest held recently in Galax.
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Cool Kitchen Gifts for Mother's Day
Today's post is part of the #HolidayHQ Blog Hop. See the links below for more posts from the best party and entertaining experts, and join us tonight at 8pm EST on Twitter for our #HolidayHQ chat.
If Mom is a culinaire, why not surprise her with a gift that's both practical and a bit unique? I found these eight trendy items last month at the International Housewares Association show. Best in show, for sure!
Nambé Monroe Salt And Pepper Set - $150.00
This salt and pepper set nestles together with
Rosanna, Inc. Pressed Glass Goblet - $42.00, set of 4
Doesn't this remind you of Depression glass? These beautiful pieces would even make lovely votive holders.
Curtis Stone Workbench Cutting Board - $299.99
This sturdy chopping block features recessed
Cooking is fun with the world's first patterned knife. Groovy!
Corkcicile Bottle Chiller - $29.95
Insert into a wine bottle and it chills the wine
Scentilizer MIST-WHISTLER, Frosted Glass - $349.95
Banish those lingering kitchen aromas! This product uses fragrant water vapor to reduce the dryness of indoor air. It also has a built-in speaker for pre-programmed music or to connect an iPod.
FFerrone Design Champagne Flute
This clever line of glassware by FFerone pulls
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The Network of SME Envoys met yesterday in Brussels to discuss how to improve market access opportunities for the 23 million SMEs in the EU.
The SME Envoys were particularly concerned by the low participation rate of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement.
They supported the upcoming review of the European procurement rules which will make it easier for small companies to participate in public tenders.
The SME Envoys also called upon SMEs to seize all the opportunities of the green economy, as only 26% of SMEs are active in green markets today.
The global market for environmental goods and services is estimated to be around €1000 billion per annum and expected to triple by 2020.
The third main topic of this meeting was assisting SMEs to go international. Member States representatives and Business Organisations alike agreed on the need to follow up with concrete measures.
On invitation of the Maltese government, the next SME envoy meeting will take in Valetta on 15 June 2012.


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Geologic Materials Center - General Information
New Fees for Services
Fees for services at the Geologic Materials Center are effective November 9, 2017 and have been updated July 1, 2019. Set by DGGS Director's Order, the fees will help offset operational costs and solidify the long-term viability of the facility.
About Us
The Alaska GMC, located at 3651 Penland Pkwy in Anchorage, is the central repository in which geologic materials collected from Alaska are cataloged, stored, and studied. The center is permanently maintained and managed by the State of Alaska with support from cooperating government agencies that include the USBLM, USGS, USBOEM, AOGCC and private industry.
Alaska is home to world-class, discovered and undiscovered natural resources. The ability to provide baseline geologic data and access to samples from prior exploration efforts is a critical part of investing in the future of our state and crucial for researchers to improve on existing data and obtain a better understanding of our natural resources.
The cores and samples stored at the GMC are critical for exploration and resource management in the state, as the information they provide will likely help discover new or additional oil and gas reserves, regions of viable geothermal energy, or new mineral prospects, as they have in the past.
Modern sophisticated analysis of archived samples is widely recognized as a cost-effective alternative to the tremendous expense of core drilling and resampling in the field. One foot of core can provide critical information to an exploration or development company, potentially leading to discovery and ultimately to millions of dollars in lease, tax, and royalty revenue to the State and hundreds of local jobs.
Please contact us to schedule a visit.


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On a perfect afternoon for football, 65,541 chose instead to watch the Bengals and Cleveland Browns. They endured the Cincinnati debut of Ryan Fitzpatrick, sat through another frustrating performance by Derek Anderson and saw little to suggest either team is headed for better things.
On a perfect afternoon for football, 65,541 chose instead to watch the Bengals and Cleveland Browns. They endured the Cincinnati debut of Ryan Fitzpatrick, sat through another frustrating performance by Derek Anderson and saw little to suggest either team is headed for better things.
The Browns were a little less bad and emerged with a 20-12 win, but neither team deserved the blue skies and cool breeze that kissed Paul Brown Stadium.
They combined for five offside penalties and another that was declined. They burned three timeouts because they had the wrong defensive players on the field - two by the Bengals, who could have used the timeouts in the final minutes.
The teams traded turnovers on one play in the second quarter - the Bengals gained 6 yards and a first down on the exchange. They had matching fumbles in the fourth quarter. The Browns recovered both and turned them into seven points, which essentially decided the game.
"It's becoming the same thing over and over," Bengals cornerback Leon Hall said.
The difference was the man running Cincinnati's offense: Quarterback Carson Palmer did not play because of an elbow injury, so Fitzpatrick started in his place. He threw three interceptions, and he lost a fumble with about two minutes to play that all but sealed the loss.
Anderson, whose job has been in jeopardy, threw for only 138 yards for the Browns, but he led them on a 13-play touchdown drive that bridged the third and fourth quarters. He capped it with a pretty 4-yard pass to Braylon Edwards in the corner of the end zone, and moments later he threw another perfect pass for a 20-yard gain that set up another touchdown.
Those two passes were enough to keep backup quarterback Brady Quinn on the sideline for another week and give the Browns their first win of the season. For what a win over the winless, Palmer-less Bengals is worth.
"I think the confidence of the team will be lifted a bit," Browns coach Romeo Crennel said. "Now they know they can win. Up until you win one, you don't know whether you can win or not."
In the other locker room, the questions continue. The Bengals are 0-4, with a game upcoming against high-powered Dallas.
"We're going to pick it up, or we're going to be embarrassed," receiver T.J. Houshmandzadeh said.
The Bengals gained only 211 yards, the third time in four games they were held to 215 or fewer. As a result, the Browns (1-3) held the ball eight minutes longer, which took a toll on the Cincinnati defense. Mental mistakes also doomed the Bengals.
Cleveland's 13-play, 80-yard scoring drive was aided by an offside penalty on defensive end Antwan Odom that negated an interception. The Bengals took two timeouts on the drive in order to get the proper personnel on the field.
"It wasn't the way we wanted it done, but it happened," coach Marvin Lewis said.
On the first play after Anderson's touchdown pass to Edwards, Browns linebacker Kamerion Wimbley forced a fumble by Chris Perry, giving the Browns the ball at the Cincinnati 24-yard line. Anderson threw a 20-yard strike to Kellen Winslow Jr. Anderson and Jamal Lewis then botched a handoff, but the Browns recovered the fumble and even gained 2 yards on the play. Lewis scored moments later, and Cleveland had turned a 6-3 deficit into a 17-6 lead.
"It almost put tears in my eyes to see us play as a team, a complete team," Browns receiver and kick returner Joshua Cribbs said.
The tears in the stands were for a different reason. This was a parody of NFL football, at the same price as the genuine product. At least the Browns left with a win. It's something.


text:
Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration
In some people, AMD advances so slowly that vision loss does not occur for a long time. In others, the disease progresses faster and may lead to a loss of vision in one or both eyes. As AMD progresses, a blurred area near the center of vision is a common symptom. Over time, the blurred area may grow larger or you may develop blank spots in your central vision. Objects also may not appear to be as bright as they used to be.
AMD by itself does not lead to complete blindness, with no ability to see. However, the loss of central vision in AMD can interfere with simple everyday activities, such as the ability to see faces, drive, read, write, or do close work, such as cooking or fixing things around the house.


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Subscribe To Music, Tom Hanks On Becoming Walt Disney And More Showcased In New Saving Mr. Banks Videos Updates
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On the eve of its initial limited release, Disney is inviting viewers into the thought process that went into developing John Lee Hancock's docudrama Saving Mr. Banks. Perhaps it wasn't so much a thought process as just everyone standing around googly-eyed in Tom Hanks' presence. But by focusing on Hanks' jovial spirit and the classic music behind Mary Poppins, these two clips admittedly do an excellent job of drawing me into a film I'm not particularly sold on seeing.
The Oscar-winning actor says it best when he admits, "I don't look anything like Walt Disney. I don't sound like him." But it only takes him matching the whimsical confidence that Disney exuded to wipe the slate clean as far as preconceived ideas of appearances are concerned. The chameleon-like manner in which Hanks can insert himself into roles is always impressive, and even in his least exciting films, he is still the breath of relatable air that makes them universally watchable. I haven't a care in my body for Mary Poppins as entertainment, but dammit if I don't want to experience whatever it is that's making Hanks smile like that. This is not stalker material.
Both clips feature Oscar-winning musician and songwriter Richard Sherman, who created the Mary Poppins soundtrack along with his brother Robert Bernard Sherman; they're played in the film by Jason Schwartzman and B.J. Novak, respectively. If anyone is equipped to credibly judge Hanks' performance, as well as everyone else's, it's the guy who was a part of the classic film's creative background.
I like Novak and Schwartzman in anything they star in, so seeing them teamed up here singing "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" is quite fun, and I think that I would readily enjoy a movie that was completely focused on this behind-the-scenes toe-tapping good time. But with a plot that draws much of its dramatic side from Poppins author P.L. Travers (Emma Thompson) and her childhood's influence into her stubbornness, I wonder how easily the happier scenes will guide audiences through the melodrama. (According to our own Kristy's review, not always so well.) But Thompson was the only member of the Saving Mr. Banks team to get a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Drama, so I guess happiness isn't chim-chim-cher-everything.
After its December 13 limited release, Saving Mr. Banks will hit theaters nationwide on December 20. Watch the trailer below and tell us if you think this film has still got any Oscar pull following the Globe noms.


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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama said on Saturday he had decided the United States should strike Syrian government targets in response to a deadly chemical weapons attack, but said he would seek a congressional vote for any military action.
"We cannot and will not turn a blind eye to what happened in Damascus," Obama said in statement at the White House Rose Garden.
Reporting by Paul Eckert


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Obituary index
Norman F. Knollenberg
Send a link to a friend
[August 20, 2014]
Norman F. Knollenberg, 83, passed away on Saturday, June14, 2014 at
St.Clara's Manor in Lincoln.
One hour prior to the service at the church.
11:00 a.m. on Saturday, August 23rd at Immanuel
Lutheran Church in Lincoln
Funeral home: Holland Barry & Bennett Funeral
Norman F. Knollenberg, 83, passed away on Saturday,
June14, 2014 at St.Clara's Manor in Lincoln, IL.
He was born June 16, 1930 to Herman and Bertha
Knollenberg of New Holland, IL.
He is survived by a son, Allen Knollenberg of New
Castle, DE, two brothers, William and Kenneth, both
of Lincoln,one sister, Dorothy(Hampe), of Lincoln
a granddaughter, Kimberly(Griffin), of Rutland, VT.
He was preceded in death by a brother, Walter, a
sister,Ruby(Aper) and his wife Gwendolyn.
Norman served in the US Marine Corp during the
KoreanConflict where he was stationed in Oceanside,
CA and Boston, MA. While stationed at Oceanside he
was an amphibious landing craft mechanic and a
member of the Camp Pendleton trap shooting team.
Later, after being transferred to Boston, he served
as a MP. Upon completion of his tour of duty he
returned to Lincoln where he began farming near
Lawndale and Beason until he retired in 2005. He was
also a DeKalb Seed Dealer for over 50 years.
Norman was a longtime fan of Lincoln High School
Railer basketball serving many years as a member of
the fan club Board of Directors. He was an avid
Cardinals fan who also enjoyed ballroom dancing.
Norman was a lifelong member of Immanuel Lutheran
A service in memory of Norman will be held at 11:00
a.m. on Saturday, August 23rd at Immanuel Lutheran
Church with Pastor Turner officiating. A luncheon
will be provided after the service. Visitation will
be from 10:00 to 11:00 a.m. at the church, prior to
the service.
Holland Barry & Bennett Funeral Home is in charge of
Memorials may be made to the family.
Click here to send a note of condolence to the Knollenberg family.
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Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering
versión On-line ISSN 2309-8775
versión impresa ISSN 1021-2019
J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng. vol.55 no.3 Midrand ene. 2013
Friction behaviour of fresh concrete in the vicinity of formwork
S Bouharoun
This study seeks to understand the mechanisms that occur at the concrete/formwork interface when fresh concrete is poured into the formwork. Four ordinary concretes with paste volumes of 28, 30, 32 and 34%, and four concretes at different dosages of superplasticiser were studied. The rheological properties of fresh concrete were measured using the ICAR rheometer. A detailed study of the friction at the concrete/formwork interfaces was then performed using a plane/plane tribometer. The results highlight the role of the volume of paste and the superplasticiser dosage on the tribological behaviour of fresh concrete. The evolution of friction stress is linear (Coulomb's Law) regardless of the formulations tested in this study. In addition, these friction stresses at the concrete/formwork interface depend on the paste volume and the dosage of superplasticiser in the concrete.
Keywords: rheology, tribology, concrete formwork, friction stress, concrete formulation
Knowledge of the rheological and tribological characteristics of fresh concrete is very important to obtain high-quality structures. Much research has been oriented towards volume in rheology to improve the casting process and to optimise the formulation of concretes. It is known that these materials are non-Newtonian, sometimes with yield stress and frequently thixotropic (Wallevik 2003; Wallevik 2005; Helnan Moussa 2009). Their behaviour in a steady state was defined using a pseudo-plastic or Herschel-Bulkley model (De Larrard et al 1998; Ferraris 1999).
However, few studies have been conducted to date on the friction behaviour of fresh concrete in the vicinity of the formwork surfaces. The friction at the concrete/formwork interface can be considered a favourable factor in that it reduces lateral pressure exerted on the formwork, but it can also be unfavourable to the quality of the concrete surface (Vanhove 2001; Vanhove et al 2004; Kwon et al 2010; Libessart 2006; De Caro et al 2007). In recent years, some studies have reported on the friction effect on formwork pressure. Proske (2007) modelled the friction effect based on the increase in the friction coefficient over time. Vanhove (2001) also analysed the effect of formwork friction based on the friction coefficient. These researchers measured the friction by means of a tribometer specially designed for a complex medium such as fresh concrete, in which the friction coefficient is known to be dependent on the roughness of the formwork surface. Some studies have shown that there are many factors influencing the tribological behaviour at the interface, such as mixture proportions, admixtures, temperature, casting rate and height of formwork. These factors can be classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic factors are related only to the material characteristics, while the extrinsic factors include the external contributions such as formwork flexibility, wall roughness and external temperature.
Friction at concrete/formwork interfaces is related to the compactness of the granular skeleton and the fines content of the mixture. This phenomenon appears typically in the case of concrete mixtures with a very compact granular skeleton and a low or high binder content (Neville 1995; Bouharoun 2011). The water/binder ratio (w/b ratio) is a factor that modifies the rheological properties of the fresh concrete and affects the interface properties. The ability of the concrete to flow is improved when this ratio increases. However, at very high w/b ratios the mixtures are more exposed to the segregation phenomenon, with a possible blockage at the concrete/wall interface (Ngo et al 2010; Ngo et al 2011).
The workability of concrete is strongly linked to the paste volume of concretes. As an active element in concrete, the paste is unique in that it can fill the voids in the granular skeleton, as well as act as a lubricant (De Larrard et al 1998; Ferraris 1999). However, the movement of aggregates is limited by intergranular friction forces and by friction forces against formwork and pumping pipes (Koehler 2004; Kwon et al 2011).
Therefore, this paste facilitates the work on construction sites, offering sufficient fluidity for concrete in the formwork to flow under vibration and fill the formwork perfectly (Bouharoun 2011; Bouharoun et al 2010).
The main purpose of the work presented in this paper is to highlight the effect of the formulation parameters of concrete on the friction behaviour at the concrete/formwork interface. In this way, the effect of paste volume and superplasticiser dosage on the evolution of the friction stress was investigated. Friction tests were carried out using a plane/plane tribometer that can reproduce the conditions on construction sites. Four concretes with paste volumes of 28, 30, 32 and 34%, and four concretes with superplas-ticiser were studied. The results show that the paste volume and superplasticiser dosage have a significant influence on the friction at the concrete/formwork interface.
Characteristics of binder
The cementitious material used in the mixtures studied was an ordinary Portland cement (CEM I 52.5 type N according to NF EN 197-1). The Blaine surface area of the cement was 4 000 cm2/g, and the density was 3.09 g/cm3. The chemical analysis of the clinkers and the phase compositions from the Bogue calculation are reported in Table 1. The limestone filler used was BETOCARB-MQ, which is essentially composed of carbonate (99.3%). This limestone filler is characterised by a Blaine fineness of 3 970 cm2/g, a density of 2.71 g/cm3 and a water content of 0.1%.
For a better comprehension of the percentage of fines in the volume of fresh concrete, Figure 1 shows the gradation curves of the cement and limestone filler as measured using a laser granulometer. The key point that emerges from the gradation results is the greater fineness of the limestone filler compared with that of the cement. The following observations can be made based on the gradation curves:
■ 90% of particles have a diameter less than or equal to 37.4 um for cement and 66 um for limestone filler.
■ 50% of particles have a diameter less than or equal to 14.3 um for cement and 13.5 um for limestone filler.
■ 10% of particles have a diameter less than or equal to 1.6 um for cement and 1.2 um for limestone filler.
Concrete compositions
The effect of paste volume was studied by formulating four ordinary concretes with 28, 30, 32 and 34% paste. These concretes were identified as C1, C2, C3 and C4 respectively. The water/binder ratio (w/b) and aggregate/ sand ratio (a/s) were held constant. To study the influence of the superplasticiser dosage, four concretes with superplasticiser were formulated (C5, C6, C7 and C8). These concretes were formulated based on ordinary concretes C2 and C4. Tables 2 and 3 show the formulation and properties of the concretes studied in this work.
The French standard NF P 18-404 (titled Concretes - Design, suitability and inspection testing - Specimen production and conservation) was used in this study. The concretes were mixed from dry materials, using the procedure shown in Figure 2.
A resting time of 10 min was allowed for the aggregates to absorb water. This precaution prevents the rheological properties of the concrete from being altered a few minutes after mixing. The mixer used to prepare the concretes was a DZ120 V DIEM. It was equipped with several blades to optimise the mixing. Slump and air content tests were conducted on each mix to check the workability of the concretes. To keep the same workability between the three concretes with superplasticiser, the water/(cement + filler) ratio was adapted to obtain the consistency class of S3 (very plastic according to EN 206-1).
Measurement of the rheological parameters
The yield stress and plastic viscosity of each concrete were measured using an ICAR rheometer (Figure 3). This device is portable on the construction sites and was developed at the University of Texas (Koehler 2004). It consists of a four-bladed vane that is immersed into the concrete sample and rotated at a series of fixed speeds. The entire rheometer is approximately the size of a hand-drill and can either be operated by hand or secured into a fixed position above a standard container.
The concrete mixture was placed in a 360 mm-diameter container and filled to a height of 300 mm. The vane, which measured 127 mm in diameter and 127 mm in height, was positioned in the centre of the concrete sample, between the vane and the sidewalls, with a gap of 127 mm above and below the vane.
For each concrete mixture, the protocol tests begins with a pre-shearing test, followed by a rest period so that the concrete can be completely restructured. The concrete is then sheared at a velocity of 3.14 rad/s for 20 s to obtain a complete breakdown of the material. Then, ramping down from 3.14 rad/s to 0.314 rad/s, in steps of 0.0684 rad/s, is applied. The resulting data were analysed on the basis of the Bingham model (Equation 1), whereby a straight line was fitted to the plot of torque, T (Nm) versus rotation speed, N (rad/s):
The intercept, Y (Nm), and the slope, V (Nm.s), of this line were considered to be related to yield stress and plastic viscosity respectively. Due to the geometry of this rheometer, it is not possible to determine the shear rate analytically in fundamental units (Koehler 2004). In this model, the shear stress is a linear function of shear rate. The expression of the model is as follows:
τo= yield stress
µ = plastic viscosity
τ = shear stress
represents the shear rate.
The calculation of yield stress (τo in Pa) and the plastic viscosity (µ in Pa.s) was performed using the Reiner-Riwlin equation according to the two following cases:
■ The material is completely sheared:
■ The material is partially sheared:
Ω = rotation speed (rad/s)
T = torque (Nm)
h = vane height (m)
R2 and R2 represent respectively the radius of the vane and the radius of the container R2 eff is the effective radius that separates the flow zone and dead zone near the wall.
To solve this equation, a non-linear optimisation must be carried out.
Measurement of the friction stress
The principle of this device was inspired by the tribometer used in soil mechanics. It can reproduce the conditions encountered by manufacturers of concrete walls and precast elements. In particular, it can create sliding contacts between concrete, release agent and formwork (Djelal et al 2004; Vanhove et al 2004).
Two cylinders 120 mm in diameter, with the concrete inside, were placed either side of a metal plate. The sample holders were fitted with a gasket system to prevent water egress (Figure 4). The plate was set in motion using a motor coupled to an endless screw. Plate travel was 800 mm. The concrete was pressured against the plate by a jack. It is important to note that the force is transmitted to the piston by a jack rod (Figure 5).
The frictional, or tangential, stress was calculated by the equation:
In this equation Fpar is the resultant of the parasitic frictional forces due to the watertight system against the plate. The area in contact between the concrete and the plate is calculated from the diameter of the sample holder. In our case, this area is Sc = 113.1 cm2.
In this case, the experimental settings were selected according to the conditions at the job site.
■ A metallic plate was cut out of the wall of formwork. Several measurements were taken on both sides of the plate using a portable roughness meter with graphic display to determine the average roughness. The results obtained indicated that the height of the maximum peak-to-valley profile (Rt) ranged from 4 to 19 µm. The arithmetic mean of the profile deviations from the mean (Ra) was between 0.7 and 1.7 um. The average of these parameters was Ra = 1 um and Rt = 7 µm.
■ The sliding velocity was fixed at 6 m/h. It simulates the vertical displacement of the concrete after placement in real formwork.
■ The magnitude of the load increment depended on the casting rate. In the friction tests, the vertical stresses applied were normally 30 ± 2, 50 ± 2, 70 ± 2 and 90 ± 2 kPa, which corresponds to the lateral pressures applied by the concrete to the formwork at heights of 1.2 and 3.6 m.
Rheological characteristics
The flow curves obtained from the expression of torque as a function of the rotation speed are shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The values of the yield stress and the plastic viscosity are deduced from these flow curves, as described by the Bingham model, by calculating the intercept of the linear fit for the yield stress and the slope as the plastic viscosity. The rheological properties are summarised in Table 4.
The results indicate that the yield stress and the plastic viscosity decrease when the paste volume increases. The paste improves the deformability of fresh concrete. The yield stress depends on the friction between the grains that form the granular skeleton of concrete (De Larrard 1999). The shear stress of the fresh concrete is expressed in two components: a stress related to the viscous dissipation in the paste and a stress related to the dissipation by friction between grains. The Bingham model, commonly used for predicting the rheological behaviour of the concretes, is used to connect the two components mentioned above. For the concretes tested, the paste volume was increased by keeping the w/b and a/s ratios constant in the mixtures. This increase contributes to reducing the intergranular friction by lubricating the aggregate/aggregate contact to decrease the yield stress and the plastic viscosity.
To keep the same workability, the superplasticiser was incorporated into the concrete formulation by reducing the w/b ratio. Decreasing the quantity of water in the mixture has a significant effect on the evolution of yield stress and plastic viscosity. Moreover, the superplasticiser reduces the yield stress and increases plastic viscosity. The evolution of the yield stress can be explained by the properties of the superplasticiser, which disperses the cement grains by steric effect and electrostatic repulsion (Nicoleau 2004; Bethmont 2008). Indeed, superplasticiser molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the cement particles giving them a negative electrostatic charge. In this way, the cement particles repel each other to deflocculate in the cementitious mixture. This phenomenon reduces the intergranular friction by freeing the amount of water trapped by the flocs and gives the fresh concrete a better fluidity. Increasing the superplasticiser dosage allows more water trapped in the cement flocs to be freed, reducing the yield stress. The increase in the plastic viscosity as a function of superplasticiser dosage is directly related to the decrease in the w/b ratio. This reduction causes an increase in solids concentration in the medium and favours an increase in the plastic viscosity of fresh concrete (De Larrard 2002).
To understand the mechanisms at the concrete/formwork interface linked to the paste volume and the superplasticiser dosage, Figure 8 shows the recording of the tangential force as a function of time for different contact pressures. The results show that the shape of the curves is similar, regardless of the pressure. It is important to note that the sliding velocity used in this study is constant. Therefore the representation of the tangential force according to displacement or time is comparable.
These graphs can be decomposed into two zones (Vanhove 2001):
■ Zone I shows a growth in friction stress due to the start-up time of the engine to catch up with gaps and the elastic response of the mechanical system.
■ Zone II reflects a stationary regime. Friction is nearly constant during the test. The stresses of static and dynamic friction are similar for this concrete/ formwork interface. The friction in this zone is the friction that will be taken into account.
Figure 9 shows the evolution of the friction stress as a function of contact pressure. Each point on this graph represents an average of five points in the dynamic regime (Zone II) of Figure 8. The evolution of the curve is linear and follows a friction law of the Coulomb type in the range of pressure studied.
The normal stress applied to the fresh concrete is transmitted to the granular phase (cement, limestone filler, sand and aggregate) and to the water. This pressure causes a migration of part of the liquid phase and the fines close to the wall to fill the voids left by large aggregates. The paste migrates through the network of aggregates, leading to the fines accumulating to form a layer at the interface (Figure 10). This layer, called the "boundary layer", is composed of water and fine particles smaller than 80 urn. It is important to note that the wall effect also causes the formation of a concrete/formwork interface rich in fine particles and water from the rest of the mixture. In this case, the finest particles are pushed by each other near the surface to fill the gaps left between the larger particles.
In addition, the results indicate that the friction stress increases when the contact pressure increases. Normal stress is transmitted to the boundary layer by a chain of forces. This phenomenon involves grain-grain contacts which play a major role in the stress distribution at the interface and increase intergranular friction close to the wall (Silbert et al 2002; Cambou et al 2004). Therefore, when the contact pressure increases, the intensity of contact between the grains forming the mixture becomes more important.
The maximum peak-to-valley height of the roughness profile (Rt) of the metallic plate can reach 19 um, allowing the trapping of fine particles (cement, filler) in its cavities. As trapped grains cannot move, they tend to force other grains up near the formwork surfaces. This phenomenon also creates a mechanical adherence between this thin boundary layer and the formwork, which increases with contact pressure. In this way, the medium becomes more rigid at the interface and a considerable shear force is required to create movement close to the formwork surfaces. During the displacement of the plate, the friction between particles acts as a resistance force. The movement of the plate leads to the breaking of the network formed by the fine particles. This configuration generates an increase in friction stresses at the concrete/formwork interface. This process indicates that the material undergoes internal shear near the formwork.
In this study, the friction between the fresh concrete and formwork surfaces was measured under pressure. The phenomenon of adhesion is created by the pressure and the wetting power of the fresh concrete close to the formwork.
Effect of paste volume
Figure 11 presents the evolution of the friction stress as a function of pressure for the concretes C1, C2, C3 and C4. The results show that the friction stress increases when the paste volume increases.
The cement grains in contact with water tend to agglomerate to form cement flocs (Figure 12). This phenomenon is linked to the presence of electrical charges on the grain surface. In the absence of a water reducer, they tend to trap a certain amount of water inside the flocs of grain (Rixom et al 1986). This trapped water moves with the agglomerate as a solid (Coussot et al 2002).
The amount of fines in the vicinity of the formwork is greater for concretes with a higher paste volume, regardless of the contact pressure. Indeed, when the percentage of paste increases, the number of flocs in the concrete becomes higher, leading to congestion in the boundary layer. Under the effect of contact pressure, these agglomerates have more difficulty in moving. The boundary layer becomes more rigid, which increases the friction stress.
In the concretes' composition, the paste volume was increased by keeping the w/b ratio at 0.57 and by reducing the amount of aggregate. Therefore, the quantity of fines becomes more important in mixtures with a thicker boundary layer at the interface - 72.5% of the cement and the limestone filler is less than the maximum peak-to-valley height of the roughness profile (Rt = 20 urn). These phenomena also increase the probability of fine particles being trapped in the formwork roughness.
The volume of paste at the concrete/form-work interface did not act as a lubricant as in the case of rheology. In this case, the friction interface is not governed by the plastic viscosity. The contact between grains that occurs in the shear plane therefore determines the friction stress at the interface. It is important to note that the shear plane occurs between the boundary layer and the formwork surface.
Similar results were found in a study conducted by Neville (Neville 1995; Bouharoun 2011) on the fresh concrete friction against a metal plate. An increase in friction can occur in the case of mixtures with high fines contents. In this situation, the friction between solids and grains in the granular skeleton increases by direct contact and causes a blockage in the boundary layer.
Effect of superplasticiser dosage
Figures 13 and 14 illustrate the evolution of the friction stress as a function of contact pressure for the six concretes (C2, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8). These curves highlight the influence of the superplasticiser dosage in concrete with constant paste volume. The results show that the friction stress decreases when the dosage of superplasticiser increases.
In the presence of the superplasticiser, the physical interpretation of the Bingham model indicates that the yield stress is generated by intergranular friction and the viscosity depends on the degree of deflocculation and the solids volumetric fraction. In this case, the parameter that can explain the evolution of the friction stress is the yield stress. Indeed, the deflocculation caused by the presence of the superplasticiser in concrete reduces the intergranular friction and thereby leads to a reduction in the yield stress. This phenomenon is reflected at the interface by a loss of rigidity of the boundary layer, which facilitates the mobility of cement grains and limestone filler in the vicinity of the formwork, which in turn facilitates deformation of the medium under shear. When the quantity of superplas-ticiser in concrete is sufficient, the dispersing power on the cement grains increases and causes an increase of fluidity in terms of their yield stress.
Moreover, the limestone filler particles are inert and help to fill the interstices left by the larger aggregates in concrete. Therefore, the superplasticiser acts only on the cement grains. With 69% of cement and 12% of limestone filler having a diameter less than 20 um, the lubrication caused by the superplasticiser determines the tribological behaviour at the concrete/formwork interface. This phenomenon can also explain the role of cement grains in the presence of the superplasticiser.
Dosage limit
In order to better understand the combined effect of the superplasticiser and the paste volume, Figure 15 presents an example of the evolution of friction stress as a function of superplasticiser dosage at 90 kPa of contact pressure for the concretes C5, C6, C7 and C8. The other curves have the same shape regardless of the contact pressure.
The results show that an increase in the superplasticiser dosage reduces the friction stress at the interface up to a limit value, beyond which the paste volume will not influence the evolution of the friction stress. This limit dosage is around 0.7%, after which the friction stress remains unchanged regardless the volume of paste. This phenomenon can be explained by the saturation of the boundary layer by the superplasticiser (cement grains are completely deflocculated in the medium) for these three concretes (C6, C7 and C8).
The value of the friction stress cannot be deduced by interpolation of lines at 0 kPa because the behaviour of the fresh concrete is unknown in this pressure range. The apparatus used is unable to measure the friction forces for pressures below 20 kPa.
The friction tests conducted in this work highlighted the influence of the volume of paste and the superplasticiser dosage on the friction at the concrete/formwork interface. Firstly, the friction stresses at the interface increase with the paste volume. This augmentation is linked to the enrichment of the boundary layer by the fines. The thickness of this layer becomes greater, which increases the probability of cement grains being trapped in the roughness of the metal plate.
Secondly, a decrease in friction stress with an increase in the superplasticiser dosage indicates improved mobility of grains at the interface. It allows easier deformation of the medium under shear and leads to a decrease in the friction stress. In this configuration, the cement grains and the superplasticiser play a significant role at the interface in reducing friction. Moreover, a superplasticiser dosage of 0.7% cancels the effect of the paste volume on the friction and allows an identical friction stress to be obtained for the concretes C6 and C8. Finally, without superplasticiser, the amount of the fines determines the rheologi-cal and tribological behaviour of fresh concrete. Indeed, a high content of paste reduces the rheological parameters and ensures that the concrete has better workability. However, the tribological properties at the concrete/ formwork interface increase when the paste volume in concrete increases. Moreover, for concretes with superplasticiser, the yield stress and the friction stress are governed by the lubricating role of this component in volume and in surface contact.
Bethmont, S 2008. Mécanismes de ségrégation dans les bétons autoplaçants (BAP) - Etude expérimentale des interactions granulaires. PhD thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French). [ Links ]
Bouharoun, S 2011. Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage -Influence de la formulation du béton. PhD thesis, University of Artois, Béthune (in French). [ Links ]
Bouharoun, S, Vanhove, Y, Djelal, C, Dubois, I & De Caro, P 2010. Influence of the nature of the demoulding oil on the tribological behaviour of the self-consolidating concrete - Comparison with an ordinary concrete. Proceedings, 6th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Montreal, pp 627-638. [ Links ]
Cambou, B, Dubujet, P & Nouguier, C 2004. Anisotropy in granular materials at different scales. Mechanics of Materials, 36(12): 1185-1194. [ Links ]
Coussot, P & Grossiord, J L 2002. Comprendre la rhéologie - De la circulation du sang à la prise du béton. Paris: EDP Sciences. [ Links ]
De Caro, P, Djelal, C, Libessart, L, Dubois, I & Pebert, N 2007. Influence of the nature of demould-ing agent on the properties formwork-concrete interface. Magazine of Concrete Research, 59 (2): 141-149. [ Links ]
De Larrard, F 1999. Concrete Mixture Proportioning - A Scientific Approach. London: E&FN Spon. [ Links ]
De Larrard, F 2002. Construire en béton: l'essentiel sur les matériaux. Paris: Presses des Ponts. De Larrard, F, Ferraris, C F & Sedran, T 1998. Fresh concrete: A HerscheI-Bulkley material. Materials and Structures, 31 (7): 494-498. [ Links ]
Djelal, C, Vanhove, Y & Magnin, A 2004. Tribological behaviour of self-compacting concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(5): 821-828. [ Links ] Ferraris, C F 1999. Measurement of the rheological properties of high-performance concrete: State of the art. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 104(5): 461-478. [ Links ]
Helnan Moussa, B 2009. Influence de la température sur la thixotropie des bétons autoplaçants. PhD thesis, University of Artois, Béthune (in French). [ Links ]
Koehler, E P 2004. Development of a portable rheometer for Portland cement concrete. PhD thesis, University of Texas, Austin. [ Links ]
Kwon, S H, Phung, Q T, Park, H Y, Kim, J H & Shah, S P 2010. Experimental study on effect of wall friction on formwork pressure of self-consolidating concrete. Proceedings, 6th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Montreal, pp 773-782. [ Links ]
Libessart, L 2006. Influence de la composition des agents de démoulage à l'interface coffrage/béton -Impact sur l'esthétique des parements en béton, PhD thesis, University of Artois, Béthune (in French). [ Links ]
Neville, A M 1995. Properties of Concrete. London: Pitman Publishing. [ Links ]
Nicoleau, L 2004. Interactions physico-chimiques entre le latex et les phases minérales constituant le ciment au cours de l'hydratation, PhD thesis, University of Bourgogne, Bourgogne (in French). [ Links ]
Ngo, T T, Kadri, E H, Bennacer, R & Cussigh, F 2010. Use of tribometer to estimate interface friction and concrete next-term boundary layer composition during the fluid "concrete pumping". Construction and Building Materials, 24(7): 1253-1261. [ Links ]
Ngo, T T, Kadri, E H, Cussigh, F & Bennacer, R 2011. Measurement and modeling of fresh concrete viscous constant to predict pumping pressures. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 38(8): 944-956. [ Links ]
Proske, T 2007. Frischbetondruck bei Verwendung von Selbstverdichtendem Beton - Ein wirklichkeitsnahes Modell zur Bestimmung der Einwirkungen auf Schalung und Rüstung. PhD thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt (in German). [ Links ]
Rixom, M R & Mailvaganam, N P 1986. Chemical Admixtures for Concrete. London: E&FN Spon.
Silbert, L E, Grest, G S & Landry, G W 2002. Statistics of the contact network in frictional and frictionless granular packing. Physical Review E, 66(6): 1-9. [ Links ]
Vanhove, Y 2001. Contribution à l'étude du frottement d'un béton autoplaçant contre une surface métallique - Application aux poussées contre les coffrages. PhD thesis, University of Artois, Béthune (in French). [ Links ]
Vanhove, Y, Djelal, C & Magnin, A 2004. Device for studying fresh concrete friction. Cement Concrete and Aggregates, 26(2): 35-41. [ Links ]
Vanhove, Y, Djelal, C & Chartier, T 2008. Ultrasonic wave reflection approach to evaluation of fresh concrete friction. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 6 (2): 253-260. [ Links ]
Wallevik, J E 2003. Computational rheology, thixotropy explorations of cement pastes: An introduction. Proceedings, 3rd International Symposium on Self- Consolidating Concrete, Reykjavik, pp 17-20. [ Links ]
Wallevik, J E 2005. Thixotropic investigation on cement paste: Experimental and numerical approach. Journal of 'Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 132(1-3): 86-99. [ Links ]
Contact details:
Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE
Lille Nord de France (EA 4515)
IUT de Béthune
1230 Rue de l'Université
F-62400 Béthune
E: email@example.com
DR SAMIR BOUHAROUN is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering in the Department of Civi Engineering at Polytech'Nantes of Nantes University. He obtained his engineer's degree in civil engineering at Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics of Algiers in 2006. He received his Master's degree from Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers of Metz and his PhD in civil engineering from Artois University. His main research interests are rheology and tribology of fresh concrete, chemical interactions between release agent and fresh concrete, hydration rate on cement, recycling of fibre-cement waste and durability of concretes.


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U.S. 56 and Santa Fe St, Hillsboro
Gary Floyd, 60, 1493 S. 3100 Road, Herington, struck Marion Cox, 57, 8900 Sandy Creek Drive, Hillsboro, driving east on U.S. 56 at 7:45 a.m. Sept. 4. Floyd struck the trailer of the 2002 semitruck registered to Cox. Floyd was driving his 1998 Chrysler passenger car. No injuries were reported in the accident.
U.S. 56 and Kanza Road
James Funk, 73, 1525 190th Road, Marion, struck Sarah Somers, 23, 2223 Iron Horse Road, Galva, driving west on U.S. 56 at 9:30 a.m. Sept. 1. No injuries were reported as a result of the accident. Funk was driving his 1983 Chevrolet pickup truck. Somers was driving a 2001 Ford passenger car registered to Jessica Somers, 2525 S. Oak Pass St., Wichita.
Last modified Sept. 13, 2012


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SACRAMENTO - A man who made it easy for law enforcement officials to identify him pleaded guilty to two counts of bank robbery Tuesday in a Sacramento courtroom, U.S. Attorney Benjamin B. Wagner said.
SACRAMENTO - A man who made it easy for law enforcement officials to identify him pleaded guilty to two counts of bank robbery Tuesday in a Sacramento courtroom, U.S. Attorney Benjamin B. Wagner said.
Troy Foster Mitchell, 47, of Modesto admitted to robbing two banks, one in Stockton and another in Modesto, authorities said. He is scheduled for sentencing Jan. 7 and faces a maximum of 20 years in prison, a $250,000 fine and three years of supervised release on each count.
According to court documents, on May 14, while on supervised release after serving a prison term for a previous conviction, Mitchell entered the Valley First Credit Union in Modesto and passed a note to a bank teller demanding $5,000 in cash. While the teller was complying with Mitchell's demand, another teller who recognized Mitchell walked by and said, "Hi, Troy." Mitchell acknowledged the second teller and left the bank with $5,000 in cash.
Authorities said Mitchell had filed an auto loan application with the bank on April 3. The application included a copy of his driver's license. Immediately after the robbery, a bank employee retrieved the application and gave it to the Modesto Police Department, which matched surveillance photos of the robber to the picture on Mitchell's driver's license.
On May 31, Mitchell entered a Bank of the West branch in Stockton and passed a teller a note demanding $100 bills. The teller gave Mitchell more than $5,100 in cash. Mitchell then left the bank, leaving behind the note, which was written on the back of a voided paycheck made out to Troy F. Mitchell. The paycheck listed Mitchell's home address.
"It seemed like he was not that concerned about getting caught," said Lauren Horwood, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Attorney's Office. "It does make one wonder what was in his mind. Most people make more of an effort to hide, wear a mask or have a getaway vehicle, but he had nothing. It is very unusual."
Mitchell was arrested following an investigation involving the FBI, the Stockton Police Department and the Modesto Police Department, Horwood said.
"It's pretty obvious that this bank robber assisted our investigation by leaving his personal information on the back of the demand note that he gave to the teller," said Officer Joe Silva, a spokesman for the Stockton Police Department. "This just indicates that some of these suspects are not very good, because they are usually desperate or have some type of an addiction. Most bank robbers like to spend their money quickly and have to resort to this type of crime again, which increases their odds of getting caught."
Contact reporter Jason Anderson at (209) 546-8279 or email@example.com. Visit his blog at recordnet.com/crimeblog.


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Microsoft-Sponsored Study Says Problems Caused By Using Windows Software Will Cost Businesses $500 Billion In 2014
from the awkward dept
The copyright industries' obsession with trying to shoot down piracy at all costs can sometimes cause them to end up shooting themselves in the foot. Here, for example, is a great example from Microsoft, which has recently been fulminating against the dangers of software piracy:
A new study released Tuesday reaffirms what we in Microsoft's Digital Crimes Unit have seen for some time now -- cybercrime is a booming business for organized crime groups all over the world. The study, conducted by IDC and the National University of Singapore (NUS), reveals that businesses worldwide will spend nearly $500 billion in 2014 to deal with the problems caused by malware on pirated software. Individual consumers, meanwhile, are expected to spend $25 billion and waste 1.2 billion hours this year because of security threats and costly computer fixes.
The study fills out the picture with some details of the methodology (pdf):
In 2013 IDC tested pirated software from more than 550 Web and P2P sites or CDs bought in street markets to determine the prevalence of malware in pirated software. In January and February of 2014, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at National University of Singapore conducted a forensic analysis of 203 PCs that were purchased from PC resellers, specialty shops, and PC markets in typical buying situations in 11 countries. Together, this research found the chances of encountering malware in a pirated copy of software is one in three. The chance of encountering malware in a PC purchased with pirated software is more than 60%.
Although the report doesn't say so explicitly, we are clearly dealing with Windows systems here -- computers are referred to throughout as "PCs," never as Macs, and some of the malware is named as "Win32/Enosch.A, Win32/Sality.AT, Win32/Pramro.F," which attack Windows systems exclusively. We can also be pretty sure that none of the infected programs was open source. Why? Because pirating software that is already freely available makes no sense -- and is certainly unlikely to be as profitable as offering black market versions of costly closed-source programs.
Putting this information together -- in order to "Get The Facts" as Microsoft always liked to say -- we arrive at the interesting conclusion that the use of commercial closed-source programs running on Microsoft Windows will cost businesses around $500 billion in 2014 alone because of the wasted time, lost data and reputational damage that will result from associated malware infections.
Assuming the research results are representative of what's happening -- and there's no reason to suppose they aren't -- the obvious conclusion to draw from them for PC users is not just to stop using pirated software (a good idea), but to stop using Windows-based programs too, and to switch to open source applications running on an open source operating system like GNU/Linux. After all, free software is even cheaper than pirated software, and yet rarely has any of the problems identified in the new report.
That's a really useful message for those facing the unwelcome prospect of paying their share of $500 billion to deal with the multiple problems associated with the Windows platform, but probably not the one Microsoft had in mind when it sponsored the research.
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Filed Under: copyright, infringement, malware, open source, piracy, software
Companies: microsoft


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National Weather Service Graphical Forecast Information
National Weather Service Graphical Forecasts link for the San Francisco/Monterey area.
This link should take you to a view of the Bay Area on the "Loops" tab. If not, zoom to the Bay area and click on the "Loops" tab.
In the pull-down menu, find with the "Amount of Precip" option. The map will show the QPF (Quantitative Precipitation Forecast), which is the forecast amount of rainfall at the end of the time shown in the "Element Period" Box. The element period (time period) was 6-hours when this link was established.
Note the amount of forecast precipitation shown on the map in Contra Costa County and the time the map is valid for at the bottom of the map.
Click on the arrow pointing right with the bar next to it. This advances the time one step. Again, note the amount of forecast precipitation shown on the map in Contra Costa County.
Advance the time again until you have gathered 24 hours of forecast precipitation. If this amount is equal to or greater than 2 inches, and the other antecedent conditions are met, flooding may occur sometime in the next 24 hours. The rainfall and agency warnings broadcast via television and radio should be monitored. Your Personal Evacuation Plan should be implemented if you sense flooding may occur.


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It's time to file post-89 forestry returns
28 Jun 19 - Carbon forestry returns for post-1989 are due this weekend and officials are urging people to get them right.
App tracks deforestation - as it happens
14 Jun 19 - A new website allows companies to track deforestation in their supply chains as it happens, with campaigners urging more effort to stop it.
Forest restoration puts climate targets at risk
11 Apr 19 - Implementing current pledges of forest restoration under the Bonn Challenge will mean the 1.5deg climate goal is still missed, a new analysis says.
New forestry rules will adopt 'averaging' system
28 Mar 19 - New Zealand will adopt an averaging system of carbon accounting for forests, meaning owners will no longer have to measure and report on the amount of carbon being stored or face a carbon liability when trees are harvested.
Second iwi wants inclusion of older forests
1 Feb 19 - Another major iwi is pushing for tradable carbon credits for a much wider range of forests and says dairy farmers should be liable for emissions from their businesses.
Government releases new forestry rules
20 Dec 18 - The Government has released further details of changes to the Emissions Trading Schemes forestry rules.
Forestry boom turns Ireland into an ecological dead zone
12 Oct 18 - Sponsored conifer plantations now cover hundreds of hectares of what once was rich farmland in Ireland, smothering the landscape and driving out endangered wildlife.
New forestry rules will boost planting, says Govt
11 Sep 18 - Changing forrestry accounting rules under the Emissions Trading Scheme is expected to lead to the planting of 102 million trees in new forests by 2030.
Farmers want clear carbon price guides
15 Aug 18 - Farmers want to know what range carbon prices will be over five-year periods, the Farm Forestry Association says.
Bulk of PNG export timber illegally logged
31 Jul 18 - Millions of tonnes of illegally logged Papua New Guinea timber are being exported to China and from there to the world as finished wood products, a new report has revealed.
Taxpayers could be left holding carbon bill
26 Jul 18 - Owners of post-1989 forests due for harvest might be tempted to arbitrage carbon credits, leaving taxpayers with the bill and driving liquidity out of the carbon market.
At last, we get to see proposed ETS forestry rules
11 Jun 18 - The Government has finally released some of its proposed changes to the Emissions Trading Schemes forestry rules but the sector wont see the rest until the end of the year.
Northland iwi kicks off Billion Trees planting
31 May 18 - The first deal has been done under the Governments Billion Trees programme.
Government pumps $15m into new forest service
11 May 18 - The Government will set aside an extra $15 million in next weeks Budget to boost the capacity of the new forestry fervice.
The wood world's talking about the Jones boy
22 Mar 18 - The wood industry is in love with its new forestry minister.
Foresters like the look of Billion Trees scheme
26 Feb 18 - Forest owners say they are starting to think the Government is serious about forestry.
OIO cutting rights role wrong move, say foresters
23 Jan 18 - Giving the Overseas Investment Office approval of the sale of forestry cutting rights will jeopardise the Governments billion trees plan, forest owners say.
Mixed forests may not resist climate change
5 Dec 17 - Researchers have confirmed once again that a good forest is a mixed forest, a natural one, with a diversity of species.
AirNZ eyes paying landowners to plant trees
22 Nov 17 - Air New Zealand wants to set up a private afforestation scheme under the Emissions Trading Scheme to offset some of its greenhouse gas emissions.
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Many years ago when I was single, I thought I knew everything about cooking, so I attempted to make my first beef stew.
I had friends coming over in about an hour or so and I was short on time. The recipe said to brown the meat, a messy and time-consuming step, so I thought.
I decided to ignore this instruction and just skip to the next step, just dumping the raw beef chunks into the stewing liquid.
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Kormarine 2015 – International Marine, Shipbuilding, Offshore
October 20 - 23, 2015
Location: Busan, Korea
Venue: Bexco (Busan Exhibition & Convention Center), U-dong, Busan, Korea
Booth number: Booth in the German Pavilion / Booth number not fixed.
Website: http://www.kormarine.com/2015
Short description of event:
Kormarine is an international marine exhibition in Busan. There, a variety of exhibitors will present diesel engines, pumps, compressors, valves, navigation systems and communications, as well as ferries, boats and ships. In addition, numerous seminars and workshops, focusing on current industry topics are held. It is the leading trade fair of its kind in Asia.
Short description of SKF's part of the event:
SKF Marine will be presenting its complete product portfolio at the Kormarine 2015 trade show. Bearings, couplings, lubrication systems and the SIMPLEX-COMPACT seal range will be displayed, as well as oily water separators and stabilizers Also on show there are supplementary services such as condition monitoring solutions and special services like alignment and on-site machining.


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Three weeks ago I lost a filling. I called the dentist right away but they were not able to get me in until this past Tuesday. Thankfully the tooth had already had a root canal so it did not hurt. They were so busy I was told even if I was in pain they wouldn't have been able to get me in any sooner.
I just lost another filling. In a tooth that has not had a root canal. At 9:30. On a Friday night. Right before a holiday week. A holiday that involves food. Good food. Lots of it.
When do you think the dentist will get me in this time? And will I get to enjoy my first time hosting Thanksgiving?
Oh yeah...we don't have dental. Guess we'll get the medical tax deduction again this year.