text: Kocuria rosea (Flugge) Stackebrandt et al. (ATCC® 187™) Strain Designations: KSE [CCM 706, UWO 1045] / Type Strain: yes / Biosafety Level: 1 General Information Characteristics Culture Method History Documentation Print Email Share Share this product Facebook Twitter Google+ Permits and Restrictions View Permits Deposited As "Sarcina erythromyxa" Chester Strain Designations KSE [CCM 706, UWO 1045] Isolation Air Biosafety Level 1 Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. Product Format freeze-dried Preceptrol® no Type Strain yes (type strain Kocuria erythromyxa) Comments Micrococcus on the basis of polar lipid profiles Medium ATCC® Medium 3: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth Growth Conditions Temperature: 26.0°C Name of Depositor RS Breed Chain of Custody ATCC <<--RS Breed<<--Kral Collection <<--- Migula Isolation Air References Kocur M, Pacova Z. The taxonomic status of Micrococcus roseus Flugge, 1886. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 20: 233-240, 1970. Brooks BW, Murray RG. Nomenclature for "Micrococcus radiodurans" and other radiation-resistant cocci: Deinococcaceae fam. nov. and Deinococcus gen. nov., including five species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 31: 353-360, 1981. Counsell TJ, Murray RG. Polar lipid profiles of the genus Deinococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36: 202-206, 1986. Rainey FA, et al. Phylogenetic diversity of the Deinococci as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparison. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 510-514, 1997. PubMed: 9103641 Schumann P, et al. Reclassification of the species Kocuria erythromyxa (Brooks and Murray 1981) as Kocuria rosea (Flügge 1886). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 393-396, 1999. type strain Kocuria erythromyxa type strain Kocuria erythromyxa Cross References Nucleotide (GenBank) : Y11330 K.erythromyxa 16S rRNA gene. Permits These permits may be required for shipping this product: Customers located in the state of Hawaii will need to contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture to determine if an Import Permit is required. A copy of the permit or documentation that a permit is not required must be sent to ATCC in advance of shipment. Basic Documentation Product Sheet Certificate of Analysis SDS Other Documentation 187.pdf


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Inspired by "Triple Play" from designer Patty Young
Project maker: Judy Sams Sohn
5x18" piece each dark green print and pink-and-green print (pillow top)
1/2 yard pink-and-red print (pillow top, pillow back)
9x22" piece (fat eighth) light green print (pillow top)
161/2" square lightweight fusible interfacing
16"-square pillow form
Finished pillow: 16" square
Quantities are for 44/45"-wide 100% cotton fabrics. Measurements include 1/4" seam allowances. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.

subset: commoncrawl


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SHALLOTTE—More than 500 people came out Saturday to The Brunswick Beacon's second annual health expo at West Brunswick High School.
Event coordinator Christy Williamson, who called the health expo "a huge success," said this year's attendance was up from last year because of word of mouth from last year's inaugural event.
Fifty-five vendors were on hand, including doctors, pharmacists, chiropractors, medical supply vendors and various nonprofit agencies.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Brunswick Beacon, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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As one the worst oil spills in American history continues to wreak havoc in the Gulf Coast, local birds and animals are finding themselves muddied in toxic sludge. Surprisingly, volunteers and rescue crews are using a common household ingredient to clean up the oil-coated wildlife -- Dawn dishwashing liquid.
The "tough on grease" dish detergent, commonly found at kitchen sinks across America, is used by animal rescue and rehabilitation teams to help gently remove oil from feathers, fur, and skin of oil-soaked critters. Procter & Gamble, which owns Dawn, has donated thousands of bottles to wildlife conservation programs over the past 30 years, cleansing more than 75,000 animals.
The International Bird Rescue Research Center (IBRRC), a California-based nonprofit group, treated 1,084 birds in the 2007 San Francisco oil spill. According to the group's website, they recommend cleaning birds with Dawn dishwashing liquid because of its ability to remove most oils, its effectiveness at low concentrations as well as the fact that it is non-irritating to the skin and eyes and easily rinsed from bird feathers. "We discovered that Dawn is an effective way to clean and rehab animals," explained Jay Holcomb, the executive director of the IBRRC. "[It's] strong enough to remove the oil quickly, but mild on their skin and feathers."
A bird covered in oil tries to preen itself. While that may seem like a good thing, it actually leads to the bird ingesting the oil. As well, over-eager volunteers often attempt to quickly rub the oil off, which can also be more dangerous than helpful.
The trick to removing oil is to force it to be suspended in water, so it can be rinsed away. That's not an easy task, since oil and water are notoriously hard to mix, and in Dawn's case, it achieves this feat using a group of chemicals known as "surfactants," a term that's short for "surface active agent." Surfactants reduce the surface tension of water and can weaken the barrier that automatically forms between oil and water, allowing them to unnaturally mix. Dawn specifically uses anionic surfactants -- such as alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, found in Dawn Power Dissolver -- which means the detergent's molecules don't convert to ions in water. Combined with other ingredients like viscosity adjusters, buffering agents and processing aids, this allows the soap to wash away oil without leaving behind a residue.
As part of the Minnie Driver-headed Everyday Wildlife Champions campaign, consumers who use Dawn can help rescue/rehab efforts directly. Next time you're at the store, look for a special-edition bottle of Dawn (it'll have a cute animal image on the bottle). Take it home and head to the donation activation page at the Dawn website. Once you plug in the special code on the bottle, $1 dollar will be donated to wildlife groups like the Marine Mammal Center and the International Bird Rescue Research Center. Dawn's goal is to raise $500,000.
For those wishing to help scrub the animals in person, the National Audubon Society and the Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research, among others, are coordinating volunteer efforts.
Read more about Procter & Gamble: Procter & Gamble and the environment


text: Howard Beck of the New York Times reports that Sunday night, the owners and players will meet to try and salvage the season. I am very optimistic that progress will be made in this meeting. It seems like in order to get this meeting the players would have had to agree to the 50/50 split but it is unknown whether they have or not. Also it is possible that the sides are going to discuss either things in order to make progress. The season may or may not be saved tonight but I think this could be the miracle that all NBA fans needed. I feel like if the players and owners are going to call this emergency meeting then some breakthrough must have been reached. I am probably wrong but I am keeping my fingers crossed that a miracle happens tonight.Follow @tarmosino


text: Mount Mercy University will welcome Rt. Rev. John Klassen, O.S.B., bio-chemist and abbot of the Benedictine Community, St. John's Abbey in Collegeville, for the annual Aquinas Lecture on October 25 at 7:00 p.m. in Betty Cherry Heritage Hall on the Mount Mercy campus. The lecture is free and open to the public; seating may be limited. A shuttle service will be available for those needing assistance from the parking lot to the entrance.


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Friday, September 21, 2007
Weekly Google Code Roundup: JavaScript and GData can now write home, Gadget Ads, presentations, and more.
Jason Cooper, of the Google Mashup Editor team, took the new API that works with Google Calendar, and provided a mashup that is able to create new events in your calendar.
Speaking of JavaScript APIs, The Digg Oracle is a new Google Gears application that showcases the pattern of sucking down data, and allowing you to do local manipulations and data filtering in the client. It makes heavy use of the WorkerPool and the local database. See it in action.
The Google Maps API has also gotten some new features and news. First, a new IP based limit is coming soon, and new enhanced map tiles are available. You can also use custom map types via the Google Maps API Open Source Utility Library.
In the land of open source, Leslie showcased the summer of coders of 2007, and released a podcast on all things GCC. We also discussed our thoughts on the ISO decision on OOXML, and the Google Code for Educators program released a series of lectures on MapReduce.
The Google Gadget and AdSense universes combined for the introduction of Google Gadget Ads, which are customized "mini-sites" that run as ads on AdSense publisher websites. These ads are interactive, engaging, and will appeal to your users, simultaneously providing value to advertisers while getting visitors to stick around your site. The end result is that advertisers get more engaged users, users have a richer ad experience, and publishers opted in to image ads may see increased competition for their ad space.
When you check out your ads, you can watch what is going on via Google Analytics, and the team has created a series of videos to teach you about many advanced features.
These videos could have included a presentation, and now you can create presentations from within Google Docs itself. Now we the great collaboration experience that we have for docs and spreadsheets can be had for your presentations. Please use this power for good, and no slides with 20 bullet points!
To finish up, I can get quick access to results from two of my favourite sports. A quick cricket search gives me all of the Twenty20 scores, and iGoogle gives me the rugby world cup results.
All in all a great week! As always, check out the latest tech talks, subscribe to the Google Developer Podcast and visit the Google Code YouTube channel.
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Headlines archive
Supreme Court will hold historic hearings in Monroe
Madison, Wisconsin - October 11, 2012
For the first time in its history, the Wisconsin Supreme Court will sit in Monroe, hearing two cases on Monday, November 5, 2012, in the Branch II courtroom of the Green County Justice Center 2841 6th St., Monroe.
Seats to watch the Court's oral arguments are free and open to the public, but reservations are suggested to secure a spot. Reservations may be made by calling the Court at (608) 266-1298 or e-mailing email@example.com. There are two cases to choose from. Each proceeding will last about one hour (see brief summaries).
Prior to hearing the cases, the Court will open its visit with a welcome ceremony attended by local elected officials and other community leaders, and will hold an awards presentation to honor local fifth graders who are participating in the Supreme Court Essay Contest. In the afternoon, the justices will attend a luncheon at Turner Hall hosted by the Green County Bar Association and also will speak at the Behring Senior Center.
This is the Supreme Court's 23rd Justice on Wheels trip. The Court launched the program in 1993 as a public outreach initiative. Each term, the Chief Justice selects one or two locations to visit. Since 1993, the justices have conducted proceedings in the following counties, listed in order of the visits: Brown, Eau Claire, Marathon, Milwaukee, La Crosse, Douglas, Rock, Kenosha, Sauk, Dodge, Oneida, Outagamie, Portage, Racine, Fond du Lac, Walworth, Waushara, St. Croix, Winnebago, Iowa, Washington and Columbia.
The Supreme Court's schedule on Monday, Nov. 5, 2012 will be as follows:
8:45 a.m. - Welcome Ceremony, Branch II
Local judges and other elected officials and community leaders will greet the Justices. Chief Justice Shirley S. Abrahamson will make brief remarks and introduce the other members of the Court: Justice Ann Walsh Bradley, Justice N. Patrick Crooks, Justice David Prosser Jr., Justice Patience Drake Roggensack, Justice Annette K. Ziegler and Justice Michael J. Gableman. The Justices will take questions for a brief time during this appearance.
9:00 a.m. - Essay Contest, Branch II
The Supreme Court sponsors an essay contest for fifth graders as part of each Justice on Wheels trip. The top three essayists will receive plaques signed by all seven Justices, and the first-place winner will read his/her essay aloud for the Court and the assembled group in the gallery.
9:20 a.m. - Warm-up presentation on Case #1 - Green County District Atty. Gary Luhman
9:30 a.m. - Case #1 State v. Beamon
10:50 a.m. - Warm-up presentation on Case #2 - Atty. Robert Duxstad
11:00 a.m. - Case #2 Office of the State Public Defender v. Court of Appeals, District IV
12:30 p.m. - Green County Bar Association luncheon (Turner Hall)
2:30 p.m. - Program at Behring Senior Center
3:45 p.m. - Private conference
5:00 p.m. - Court returns to Madison
Note to electronic media and still photographers:
Camera requests must be made to cover the Supreme Court's oral arguments. Call Media Coordinator Rick Blum at (608) 277-5133 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Notice is not required for the welcome ceremony and essay contest.
Amanda Todd
Court Information Officer
(608) 264-6256


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Line Feed - Oric MCP40 demo at Solskogen
Want to discuss about Demos on the Oric, here you are !
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- Steve M
- Flight Lieutenant
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Re: Line Feed - Oric MCP40 demo at Solskogen
Oops. Missed that - it's hard to see. The other links should be good. Pens made in Germany. There seem to be other stockists.
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Type 1 Diabetes: You Are Not Alone With Diabulimia
A small hand slowly rises at the back of the room. "Yes, in the black shirt," I call out. I can't see the woman; she seems somehow shrunken into herself, a sweater pulled around her so tightly as if she's trying to escape into the fabric. Silence seems to pervade until a small sniffle echoes through the conference room, then suddenly, sobbing-the kind that breaks your heart just hearing it.
Her small shoulders tremble as she breaks down in a room full of women she's known less than two days. "I…" she shudders and tries to catch her breath. "I've been doing this on and off for almost two decades. I've been slowly killing myself and I didn't even know it had a name."
I stand up and leave the panel table, wrap my arms around her and tell her it's OK to cry.
Tears she's been holding back for over 20 years finally fall from the tired eyes of a woman who feels broken by time and disease, tired of hiding and lying to her family. It's as if giving her permission to cry releases something in the room, and everyone's wiping their cheeks, some a silent tear of solidarity, others weeping as something breaks and truths of their own behaviors come cresting over the façade we hide behind every day.
This is the beauty and genius of DiabetesSisters, an environment where women finally feel safe enough to acknowledge the hurt they've been carrying around for years, an environment where they can give themselves permission to cry and to finally put themselves first in their often too-busy lives. So it's the perfect environment to tackle a subject as delicate as an eating disorder. Which is where I come into the picture.
The medical field prefers to call it ED-DMT1-eating disorder-diabetes mellitus type 1-but it's more widely known by its media-given name, diabulimia. Diabulimia is an eating disorder wherein a diabetic purposely withholds taking insulin in order to lose weight. Medical journals have been reporting intentional insulin restriction for weight loss as far back as 1989. Twenty-five years later this practice is as pervasive as ever.
Although the practice is not new, public awareness about the disease is. In 2008, I went to an eating disorder treatment center that left me medically fine but psychologically shaky and feeling more alone than ever. Neither information nor resources about diabulimia were available. I knew I couldn't be the only one engaging in these destructive behaviors, so I reached out the only way I knew how: the Internet. I had to know if there were other people out there who saw their insulin as the enemy rather than a saving grace.
Suddenly hundreds of people from all over the world began coming together in the Diabulimia Awareness Facebook support group (www.facebook.com/groups/DiabulimiaSupport/) and sharing their stories of hope and survival, of depression and relapse, each of us finally happy to have someone who truly understood the nuances of battling an eating disorder and diabetes. But many of those that reached out needed so much more than just camaraderie so in 2009 Diabulimia Helpline was formed.
By 2011 our online community had almost 500 members, but I still felt something missing. I heard about a conference hosted by an organization called DiabetesSisters that was having a presentation by Dr. Susan Guzman on the emotional aspects of diabetes. While I had taken the time to tackle my eating disorder, I hadn't really dealt with the emotional issues that affect every person with diabetes. So in October of 2011 I attended my first DiabetesSisters Weekend For Women conference. I never anticipated the true impact it would have on me.
In a conference room overlooking San Diego Bay, I broke down as women talked about their anger and frustration at their diabetes. I had never been in a room with so many diabetics; it felt like meeting a group of friends I had always had, but just never really known. I kept hearing the same frustrations with food and their bodies that I had struggled with that had led to my diabulimia. I sat with Brandy Barnes, DiabetesSisters CEO, at lunch that weekend so I could learn about her organization. Their mission of connecting and supporting women with diabetes aligned so well with what Diabulimia Helpline was doing I knew I wanted to work with them in the future!
In 2012 we used part of our conference scholarship to fly a client out to the Weekend for Women conference in Raleigh, North Carolina. She found the experience just as gratifying and emotional as I had the year before. It was her first chance to meet and connect with other diabetic women, and it had a powerful affect on her. "It was more than just the sessions," P said, "it was the chance to sit down at lunch and see all these women pulling out meters and insulin and no one looking at me like I was a freak."
But once again I heard discontent with the way food education was being taught and the relationship it was causing these women to have with food and their body. A study in 2000 showed that women with type 1 diabetes are 2.4 times more likely to develop an eating disorder than their non-diabetic peers. These were the women most at risk for developing an eating disorder, but it was clear they were not getting any of the help they needed from doctors or diabetes educators. This time I approached Brandy about having a session devoted exclusively to disordered eating and diabetes.
At the next conference in 2013, Dr. Lorraine Platka-Bird, nutrition therapist at Center for Hope of the Sierras in Reno, NV, a residential treatment center with a leading diabulimia program, led such a session. Because of our extensive work with Center for Hope, Lorraine pulled me up to the front of the room to help answer questions from the perspective of someone who had had struggled and come out the other side. At the end of the session two women pulled me aside, tears in their eyes, and asked for help. It would be the first time someone broke down to me at one of these conferences, but it would not be the last.
Brandy approached me and told me how powerful several people said the session had been and asked if I would speak on a diabetes and eating disorders panel at the next conference in San Francisco. It was there that I got a chance to tell my full story, and there that a woman broke down in a room full of former strangers because she finally felt safe. It was there that I witnessed the real transformation DiabetesSisters can have.
"You're not alone," I say to the woman at the panel as she continues to cry. Looking around the room at these women, all of whom tackle this invisible disease every day, I know she's not. And because she came here I know she will get the help she so desperately needs.
Erin is CEO at Diabulimia Helpline in Seattle, WA, the country's only non-profit organization dedicated to education, support, and advocacy for people with diabetes who have eating disorders. The organization's website is located at www.diabulimiahelpline.org


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Self-Contained Inspection Instrument Has Camera, Wide-View Screen
Remote visual inspection becomes more convenient with an advanced borescope that feeds images to a wide-view color LCD display. Rather than relying solely on an eyepiece, users of the Aven MIG Video Borescope can see, capture and share still or video images of tight areas lacking easy access.
Applications include non-destructive testing and inspections of production, packaging and storage equipment by food manufacturers, including ovens, motors and refrigeration units with dark, tight areas that can't be seen directly. The sophisticated borescope also streamlines trouble-shooting by repair technicians.
The self-contained instrument integrates a 3.5-inch screen and SD card for image capture.
Practical uses also include training of engineers, assembly technicians, machine operators and inspectors. Live visuals can be compared with reference images for quality control. Problems can be annotated and added to an image archive.


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J.S.R., DOB June 24, 2002 §
a Minor Child §
TO: Johnny Jermaine Roberson, Biological Father Named in Petition:
You are hereby notified that the above-styled action, a Petition for Adoption and Petition for Termination of Parental Rights was filed against you in said Court on the 18th day of July, 2012, and that by reason of an Order for Service of Summons by Publication entered by the Court on the 12th day of July, 2012. This involves you and any others claiming a parental interest in the above-named minor child born to A.C.D. on the above-described date.
The final hearing is the matter is set for September 4, 2012 at 9:30 am at the Courthouse in Appling County, Georgia.
You are commanded and required to file with the Clerk of said Court and serve upon Graham F. Floyd, Petitioner's attorney, whose address is 132 West Parker Street, Baxley, Georgia 31513, an Answer to the Petition for Adoption/Petition for Termination, Petition for Legitimation, or Acknowledgement of Legitimation within thirty (30) days of the date of the order for service by publication.
WITNESS, the signature of the Clerk, Superior Court, Appling County, Georgia,
this 12th day of July, 2012.
F. Floyd Hunter
Clerk, Superior Court
Appling County, Georgia
Graham F. Floyd
J. Alexander Johnson PC
132 West Parker Street
Baxley, Georgia 31513
Tel: 912-367-9000
Fax: 912-367-5883
8-1, 8-8 & 8-15ch
gpn01 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF APPLING COUNTY STATE OF GEORGIA IN RE: § CIVIL ACTION § FILE NO. 12-7-353C §
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May 2008
The sea ice of the Arctic Ocean and the connected frozen seas is home to the largest and most predatory of the bear family. All bears alive today evolved 22 million years ago from a common ancestor — the Ursavus of Asia. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) evolved from a group of brown bears (Ursus arctos) over 200,000 years ago, which became isolated from other brown bear populations by glaciers, possibly in Siberia. It is easy to imagine the evolutionary change in brown bears that inhabited a northern coast during a climatic cooling period, when food as tempting as unwary seal pups can be found offshore.
This polar bear cub, from the Beaufort Sea, Canada, is about 4 months old. Cubs, weighing about 10kg, were caught with their mother as part of a long-term population monitoring study.
Photograph: A. E. Derocher.
Adaptations and evolution
In a case of quantum evolution, polar bears evolved rapidly to exploit a vacant ecological niche as a specialized predator of seals. The rapid changes from a brown bear to a polar bear include these:
- white-yellow fur that helps them meld into their background as they sneak up on their prey
- claws that are catlike, an adaptation to grasp fleeing prey
- feet that are heavily furred to provide warmth
- smaller ears to avoid freezing in the frigid winters
- a narrower and more elongated skull, an adaptation perhaps to warm cold inhaled air, to aid the sense of smell, or to assist with the capture of prey trying to slip through a narrow opening to the safety of the sea below
- the ability to enter a fasting physiological state at any time of the year, unlike other bears, which enter this state only during winter torpor
- only four mammae (unlike brown bears with six) and a smaller litter size, an adaptation to the harsh environment for raising young
Living and dying on the sea ice is not conducive to creating a good fossil record, but polar bears existed in Europe during the last ice age, and fossil remains have been found in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and England. Polar bears were present in Scandinavia as recently as 10,660 years ago. Unlike most large carnivores, the current distribution of polar bears is similar to that of the last few hundred years. No subspecies of polar bears are recognized.
Diet and feeding strategy
The lifestyle of polar bears is dramatically different from their brown bear ancestors. Despite their brief evolutionary separation, these two species exploit vastly different energy sources. Arctic brown bears are terrestrial, and most of their diet is vegetation augmented by animal protein. Polar bears, in contrast, are the most carnivorous of the bears, and two species of seals make up the bulk of their diet:
- The ringed seal (Phoca hispida), reaching over 60 kg and the most numerous seal in the Arctic, is their main prey.
- The larger bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), which can top 400 kg, is also commonly taken.
Both of these seals rely on sea ice to reproduce and molt, and neither species is found where sea ice is absent. Polar bears are opportunistic and will exploit food sources from both marine and terrestrial sources. Seals, however, are what make the life history of the polar bear possible.
The fat-laden seals that polar bears eat allow them to grow larger than most brown bears. Being large is an advantage for staying warm in cold climates. More importantly, during the spring and early summer, polar bears gorge themselves on naïve newborn and recently weaned seal pups and deposit a thick fat layer that allows the bears to go through extended periods without food. Seals are an abundant food source that is converted into a portable energy store. Pregnant female polar bears in Hudson Bay can fast for up to 8 months and rear offspring (usually two) to about 10 kg before returning to the sea ice to feed on seals. Bears can double, triple, or quadruple their body mass during the spring. In contrast to brown bears, only pregnant female polar bears enter dens over winter; all other polar bears brave the harsh winter conditions trying to find a few seals to stem the loss of their precious fat stores.
The sea ice is a dynamic habitat that undergoes huge annual variation in distribution and character. Polar bears follow the temporal shifts in habitats to access their prey. Annual sea ice, ice that forms and then melts within a single year, is the primary habitat of polar bears and is used various ways:
- as a platform to hunt
- as the habitat for mating
- for travel, migration, and connecting habitats
- as a summer refuge
- to den and produce young in some areas, primarily in Alaska
In response to the extreme variation in ice, female polar bears can cover huge areas in a single year, with many bears wandering over 200,000 km2 of sea ice. In contrast, brown bears use areas that are a tiny fraction of what polar bears use; a polar bear home range can be well over 1000 times that of a brown bear. In addition, the feeding strategies of polar bears are vastly different from their ancestors: Polar bears travel huge distances to exploit energy-rich foods, while Arctic brown bears move little and eke out an existence on an energy-poor diet.
Polar bears can be found at low densities right up to the North Pole, but their main habitat is the nearshore annual sea ice over the continental shelf, where biological productivity and their main prey are more abundant. The southernmost limit of the bears is in the subarctic waters of James Bay, in Canada, which is at about the same latitude as London, England. For management purposes, polar bears have been divided into 19 different subpopulations based on movement patterns of adult females wearing satellite radio collars.
Changing sea ice habitat
The main concern about climate change effects on polar bears is habitat loss and changes to sea ice habitat. The sea ice on which polar bears depend has undergone recent declines in area, duration of cover, and thickness as a result of climate warming. Observed changes to the sea ice and habitat that may affect polar bears are these:
- decline in maximum extent of sea ice in winter of about 1.5% per decade
- loss of multiyear ice (permanent polar pack ice), which is declining about 10% per decade
- increase in amount of open water
- shortening of the period of ice cover and lengthening of the open water period
- increase in the rate of ice drift
Studies suggest that the sea ice is changing faster that projected, and there are concerns that the loss of sea ice may have passed a tipping point that could accelerate future declines. Climate projections and sea ice models must be viewed with some caution, but the message is clear: Polar bear habitat is changing.
Climate induced changes to the sea ice may result in changes to the prey species available to polar bears. There are indications that harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) populations are increasing, and that harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandica) are expanding northward. These species are already prey items for some polar bear populations, but if the sea ice continues to change, we may see these species become more important to polar bears as long as the bears have a sea ice platform to hunt from. There is concern that if the ice conditions deteriorate too much, polar bears may be replaced by other top level predators, such as killer whales (Orcinus orca), which are largely excluded from ice covered seas.
Climate change effects on polar bears
The evidence for climate change affects on polar bears is not definitive. The definitive effects will come when subpopulations disappear. The status of the various subpopulations of polar bears varies widely: Some are in decline due to climate change effects, and others are not showing any indications of change. The effects of climate change can differ in space and time, but only two or three subpopulations are monitored adequately to be able to confirm long-term trends in abundance and thus provide some insight into what may befall the species over a broader area.
The most telling impacts of climate change on polar bears have been noted in western Hudson Bay, where declines in their body condition, reproduction, and survival have resulted in a 22% reduction in subpopulation size between 1987 and 2004. Earlier melting of the sea ice in Hudson Bay is the major driving force behind the population decline, but a continuing unsustainable harvest of seals has aggravated the situation. Earlier melting of sea ice has two consequences for polar bears: It shortens the feeding period at a time when recently weaned seal pups are available, and it lengthens the period the bears must fast with less stored fat. While polar bears are well adapted to extended fasts, there is a limit to how long they can survive without food. Females in poor condition give birth to small cubs that weigh less, and lighter cubs have lower survival rates. Over time, low survivorship to adulthood means the subpopulation will decline in number. There are data showing that polar bears in both the southern Beaufort Sea and southern Hudson Bay are also declining in condition, which is often a precursor to subpopulation declines.
Two young polar bears on the coast of Hudson Bay, Canada, are waiting for the sea ice to reform so they can return to their primary habitat and resume hunting seals.
Photograph: A. E. Derocher.
A warming climate is altering sea ice conditions and affecting polar bears in other ways. Sea ice in many areas shifts with wind and water currents, and polar bears often walk against the ice flow to remain in contact with their preferred habitats. Climate warming is reducing ice thickness and extent, which may result in greater ice drift. In effect, the polar bears are on a treadmill, and we are turning up the speed. More energy used for locomotion means there is less energy available for growth and reproduction. Like deforestation in terrestrial habitats, altered sea ice dynamics can increase habitat fragmentation, making movement across the landscape more difficult.
Some examples of the expected effects of changes in sea ice are the following:
- increased energetic costs of movement
- altered home range size and configuration
- altered subpopulation boundaries
- reduced access to den areas
- increased periods without access to prey
- altered prey species
- increased time spent swimming, which may chill small cubs and reduce their survival
Other events are more difficult to directly link to climate change but are consistent with predictions. Polar bears observed drowning off the coast of Alaska may have died due to the rapid northward retraction of the sea ice: More open water and greater distances between land and sea ice make it difficult for bears to find refuge. In the same area, killing and cannibalism observed among polar bears may be related to changes in sea ice conditions and lower availability of prey. Adult males appeared desperate enough to prey on other bears. Despite decades of research, such events were never recorded in the past in the Beaufort Sea, but it is consistent with a population under stress.
Changing sea ice conditions are affecting the bears' hunting abilities. In the southern Beaufort Sea, bears were observed in 2005 through 2008 digging through solid ice trying to prey on seal pups. Normally, ringed seal pups are born under snow drifts, which the bears can excavate with relative ease, but clawing through ice up to 70 cm thick is inefficient and possibly an indication of low seal availability. Seals appear to be pupping under sea ice because of altered sea ice conditions and storm events that rafted thinner ice. The long-term consequences for polar bears are unknown, but a reduction in energy intake is likely to affect many aspects of the bear's ecology.
Recently, a new study in Alaska revealed that polar bear dens on the pack ice declined from 62% between 1985 and 1994 to 37% between 1998 and 2004. This was probably a result of declines in the amount of stable old ice; increases in unconsolidated ice; lengthening of the ice-free period, which reduced the availability and quality of pack ice den habitat; and the long-term protection of denning females, which has resulted in bears with a fidelity to denning on land not being killed by hunters. As the ice continues to change, we can expect some den areas to be abandoned.
In some areas, the number of human-bear interactions is increasing. Nutritionally stressed bears that are spending more time on land are approaching settlements or hunting camps seeking food. As the sea ice continues to change and bears become increasingly stressed, further increases in interactions are expected.
The future
Will polar bears just adapt to a terrestrial life without the presence of sea ice? This notion has been naïvely proposed by some. Polar bears regularly attain body masses of over 300 kg for females and 500 kg for males. In contrast, brown bears living in the Arctic right next to polar bears rarely exceed 200 kg, reflecting the meager food resources of high latitude terrestrial environments. It is an odd view of evolution that would propose that a highly specialized species with over 200,000 years of evolution could respond in decades or, at best, centuries to the projected loss of their sea ice habitat. Regardless, the niche of a terrestrial Arctic bear is already filled by the brown bear, of which the grizzly is a subspecies.
Predicting the future is a precarious venture, but it is clear that the sea ice habitat of polar bears is changing rapidly. Highly specialized species are particularly vulnerable to the effects of habitat loss. In summary, the expected changes in polar bears related to climate warming include these:
- reduced access to prey species
- reduced body condition
- lower cub survival
- lower reproductive rates
- lower growth rates
- increased intraspecific aggression
- increased cannibalism
- lower adult survival
- altered movement rates
- shifting den areas
- shifting population boundaries
- increased bear-human interactions
- altered prey composition
- reduction in population size
Loss of sea ice is similar to deforestation of tropical rain forests: lose the habitat and, with few exceptions, you lose the species. Unlike other species, polar bears are unlikely to do well shifting their range further north because the polar basin is deep, cold, and unproductive. Losing the productive coastal habitats would be a serious loss, but the sea ice is more than just a platform, it is the habitat of polar bears and many of the species they rely upon. From phytoplankton to fish, the sea ice is an integral part of the Arctic marine ecosystem.
© 2008, American Institute of Biological Sciences. Educators have permission to reprint articles for classroom use; other users, please contact email@example.com for reprint permission. See reprint policy.


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Researchers who wish to conduct informative and appropriate studies of American Indian and Alaska Native communities face a number of challenges, including the lack of available data.
Based on their experiences, the CIRCLE Project
[1] evaluation team provided the following advice to help future researchers collect and analyze tribal criminal justice data:
For more information, read the full report.
Next section: Creating a Sustainable and Effective Tribal Criminal Justice System.
[note 1] The CIRCLE Project — the Comprehensive Indian Resources for Community and Law Enforcement Project — was a partnership of several agencies in the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, Oglala Sioux Tribe and Pueblo of Zuni to strengthen the tribes' criminal justice systems. As part of the initiative, the National Institute of Justice and its DOJ partners funded an evaluation of the CIRCLE Project.
Funds came from the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Corrections Program Office, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office for Victims of Crime, Office on Violence Against Women, and Office of the Comptroller. Some of this money would have been invested in Indian Country anyway; however, the native nations participating in CIRCLE received between 40 percent and 400 percent more from participating DOJ agencies than comparable tribes.
Learn more about the CIRCLE Project and its evaluation.
National Institute of Justice, 810 Seventh Street, NW, Washington, DC 20531


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John R Burton, M.D.
Director, Johns Hopkins Geriatric Education Center
Professor of Medicine
Expertise: Arthritis, Aspiration Pneumonia, Cognitive Decline in Older Adults, Constipation, Dizziness, Eldercare, General Internal Medicine, Geriatric Consultation and Preventative Health, Geriatric Medicine, Hearing Loss, Medical Education and Program Administration, Metabolic Bone Disease, Mood Disorders, Multiple Morbidity and Functional Losses in Late Life, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Nutrition, Parkinson's Disease, Perioperative Care of Older Adults, Sleep Disorders, Swallowing Disorders, Vision Impairment ...read more
Research Interests: Models of care delivery; Geriatrics curriculum development and evaluation for medical students
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5200 Eastern Ave. The Center for Transformative Geriatric Research, Mason F. Lord Building, Center Tower, Floor 7 Baltimore, MD 21224
Phone: 410-550-0520 | Fax: 410-550-1069
Dr. John R. Burton is a professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His areas of clinical expertise include geriatric medicine. Dr. Burton serves as the director of the Johns Hopkins Geriatric Education Center.
Dr. Burton earned his M.D. from McGill University Faculty of Medicine. He completed his residency at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. He performed a fellowship in nephrology at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Previously, Dr. Burton was director of the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology at Johns Hopkins. Major clinical programs began or were developed under his leadership, including Johns Hopkins Home-Based Medicine, Hospital at Home, Program for All-inclusive Care of the Elderly (PACE) and the Orthopedic-Geriatric Medicine Hip Fracture Service. The division honored his work by renaming the Johns Hopkins Care Center, built in 1991, as the John R. Burton Pavilion.
His research interests include models of care delivery and geriatrics curriculum development and evaluation for medical students.
- Director, Johns Hopkins Geriatric Education Center
- Professor of Medicine
Departments / Divisions
Centers & Institutes
- MD, McGill University School of Medicine (1965)
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center / Medicine (1971)
- Massachusetts General Hospital / Nephrology (1972)
Board Certifications
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Geriatric Medicine (1990)
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Internal Medicine (1972)
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Nephrology (1974)
Research & Publications
Selected Publications
Katz PR, Burton JR, Drach GW, O'Leary JP, Strasser DC, Eisner J, Haranas E, Silverman R, Lundebjerg NE. "The Jahnigen scholars program: a model for faculty career development." J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:2324–2372.
Leff B, Burton L, Mader S, Naughton B, Burl J, Koehn D, Clark R, Greenough WB, Guido S, Steinwachs D, Burton JR. "Comparison of stress experienced by family members of patients treated in hospital at home with that of those receiving traditional acute hospital care." J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Jan;56(1):117-23. Epub 2007 Nov 2.
Christmas C, Makary MA, Burton JR. "Medical considerations in older surgical patients." J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Nov;203(5):746-51. Epub 2006 Sep 28.
Leff B, Burton L, Mader S, Naughton B, Burl J, Inouye SK, Greenough WB, Guido S, Langston CA, Frick KD, Steinwachs D, Burton JR. "Hospital at home: feasibility and outcomes of a program to provide hospital-level care at home for acutely ill older patients." Ann Intern Med. 2005 Dec 6;143(11):798-808.
Simpson CF, Durso SC, Fried LP, Boyd CM, Burton JR. "The Johns Hopkins Geriatric Summer Scholars Program: a model to increase diversity in geriatric medicine." J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Sep;53(9):1607-12.
Christmas C, Makary MA,, Burton JR. Medical Considerations in Older Surgical Patients. J Am Coll Surg Nov 2006, 203;(5) 746-751.
Leff B, Burton L, Mader S, Naughton B, Burl J, Clark, R, Greenough WB, Guido S, Steinwachs D, Burton JR. Satisfaction with Hospital at Home Care. J Amer Geriatr Soc, 2006, Sep;54(9):1355-63
Simpson CF, Durso SC, Fried LP, Boyd CM, Burton JR. The Johns Hopkins Geriatric Summer Scholars Program: A Model to Increase Diversity in Geriatric Medicine. J Amer Geriatr Soc 53:1607-1612, 2005.
Potter J., Burton J, Drach G, Eisner J, Lundebjerg N, Solomon D. Geriatrics for Residents in the Surgical and Medical Specialties: Implementation of Curricula and Training Experiences. Education and Training Section, J Amer Geriatr Soc. 53:511-515, 2005.
Harper GM, Leff B, Thomas P, Burton J. The AAMC Hartford Geriatrics Curriculum Program: Reports from 40 Schools. Acad Med 2004,79:S70-71.
Drach G, Burton JR. Tributtes to Dr. David Solomon, MD; A Tribute from the Leaders of the Geriatrics for Specialties Project. J Amer Geriatr Soc., 51:S328-S329, 2003.
Strasser DC, Solomon DH, Burton JR. Geriatrics and Phys. Med. & Rehab: Common Principles Complementary Approaches, and 21st Century Demographics. Archives of PM&R, 2002,83 Sept 2002.
Strasser DC, Solomon DH, Burton JR. A Statement of Principles: Toward Improved Care of Elderly Patients in Surgical and Medical Specialties. Archives of Phys Med & Rehab , 83 Sept 2002.
Koval J, Strauss E, Solomon DH, Burton, JR. Principles focus on improving care of elderly. AAOS Bulletin, 49:2001.
Leff BA, Burton JR. The Future History of Home Care and Physician House Calls in the United States. Journal of Gerontology: 56A:M603-M608, 2001.
Burton JR. Old-Age Crisis. Hopkins Medical News, 53- Winter 2001.
Pories WJ, Solomon DH, Burton JR. Facing 21st Century Demographics: Management of the Surgical Patient. Current Surgery, 57:519-520, Nov./Dec.
Solomon DH, Burton JR, Lundebjerg NE, Eisner J. The New Frontier: Increasing Geriatrics Expertise in Surgical and Medical Specialties. J Amer Geriatr Soc., 48:702-704, 2000.
Leff BA, Burton JR. Integrating Home Care Into Managed Care: The Case for Home Hospital. Annals Long-Term Care, 8:34-36, April 2000.
Solomon DH, Burton JR. Special Article - A Statement of Principles: Toward Improved Care of Older Patients in Surgical and Medical Specialties. J Amer Geriatr Soc., 48:699-701, 2000.
Burton JR, Roth J. A new format for grand rounds. New Engl J Med. 340(19):1516, 1999. (Letter)
Leff B, Burton L, Guido S, Greenough WB, Steinwachs D, Burton JR. Home hospital program: a pilot study. J Amer Geriatr Soc, 47(6):697-702, 1999.
Leff B, Burton JR. Future Direction: Alternative approaches to traditional hospital care - home hospital. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 46:605-609,1998.
Burton J. The Mission of the Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology at Johns Hopkins. Facts, Research and Intervention in Geriatrics, 1998.
Hale D, Bennett R, Oslos N, Cochran C, Burton J. Project REACH: A program to train community-based lay health educators. Gerontologist 37:683-687, 1997.
Burton JR. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine - The Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology: A Description. Facts, Research and Intervention in Gerontology, 1997.
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
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Lots of people are questioning whether minting a trillion dollar coin could solve the country's debt ceiling crisis.
Specifically, people are intrigued by a law which says that the Treasury has the ability to create coins of any denomination out of platinum, and use that to fund the government.
The debate over the economics and legality of this option is being hotly debated.
But let's take a step back. How do you literally create a new coin.
We put together images from a Science Channel and History Channel special on how our coins get made.
We hope you find it instructive.


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The…chips…were on the table for the Avalanche in overtime Saturday night. Nathan MacKinnon swept them all into the pot with the winner. Doesn't he know the legal gambling age in Colorado is 21?
The 18-year old rookie's shot past Minnesota Wild goalie Darcy Kuemper at 3:27 won another overtime thriller for the Avs, who took a 4-3 decision. The victory gave the Avs a 3-2 first-round playoff series lead. Game 6 is Monday night at the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minn.
MacKinnon scored his first career playoff overtime goal and had an assist on P.A. Parenteau's tying goal with 1:14 left in regulation. MacKinnon credited teammate Paul Statsny for initiating the play that eventually led to the winner.
"I was screaming for it. Little saucer pass to my blade. Thankfully it worked out," MacKinnon said.
MacKinnon said the Avs' overall play was much improved from their showing in Minnesota in Games 3 and 4.
"We were pretty good off the rush tonight, but we were also good down low," he said. "We had some good plays on the forecheck. I think we chipped it in early. We found our legs. We were very patient, I thought."
Coach Patrick Roy reached into his bag of tricks again late in the game, pulling goalie Semyon Varlamov with more than two minutes left for the extra skater and his team down 3-2. Parenteau came to the rescue with the late tying goal this time, getting his first point of the series at a good time.
Parenteau chipped a shot over the left shoulder of Kuemper. Tie game, on to overtime — again.
"I liked our game. I thought we were sharp early on, getting the puck out of our zone," Roy said. "Down a goal, we never panicked. We stayed calm. We were just waiting for our opportunity, and we got it. Thank you to our fans. They gave our guys some energy."
Roy said there's a chance injured center Matt Duchene plays in Game 6. "We're going to take a serious look at it."
Asked about adjustments the Avs made after scoring just once in two games in Minnesota, Parenteau said, "We skated a little more. We talked about moving our feet (more). … That was a big part, skating, competing."
Added Statsny, "We got a little more physical."
MacKinnon's goal preserved the Avs' streak of not losing in regulation all season when leading after two periods (36-0-3), but it was not a good third period overall for the Avs until the very end. They lost a 2-1 lead on goals by Zach Parise and Kyle Brodziak, the latter score coming after Colorado's Jan Hejda lost his stick in the Avs' zone, then failed an easy clearout attempt after he was given a stick by a teammate.
That put a real damper on the crowd, which had been loud all night. Things seemed even worse when, with 4:33 left, Avs captain Gabe Landeskog was whistled for unsportsmanlike conduct for spraying ice in the face of Kuemper. It's something that happens a lot in hockey and almost always is let go, but not this time, which sent the crowd howling at referees Brad Meier and Kelly Sutherland.
But the Avs killed off the penalty and also survived a scary moment when Minnesota's Charlie Coyle came into the Avs' zone with the puck. He was checked hard into the boards, though. Perhaps the Avs got away with a hold against Coyle, balancing out the call on Landeskog.
Asked about being down 3-2 late, Stastny said: "It's deflating. For a shift, they you forget about it. Sometimes it's easier to play without a lead. You go hard and get after it."
Hejda lost his stick twice and both times the Avs had to scramble around in their own end trying to overcome essentially 5-on-4 situations. Both times, the puck ended up in the back of the Avs' net.
The Wild took a 3-2 lead at 6:25 of the third period when Brodziak scored. It came after Hejda lost his stick, but all seemed to be well when, after borrowing the stick of a teammate, Hejda had an easy clear of the puck, which would have gotten the Avs a much-needed line change in a 2-2 game.
Instead, Hejda muffed the clearing attempt. The puck stayed at the Avs' blue line, and Brodziak scored after one-timing Dany Heatley's setup pass back to the point. It got past Varlamov, who appeared to be screened, and it seemed to stun the Avs into submission.
Just 2:21 earlier, the Wild's Parise tied the game 2-2 with a pretty shot to the far post past Varlamov. It was Parise's first goal of the series.
The Avs had their chances to up the lead after going ahead 2-1 at 12:16 of the second. Nick Holden's pretty tip of Andre Benoit's shot gave the Avs a lead they would hold until the third period, but they nearly had a bigger one. Parenteau hit the post with one shot, and the Avs had a power play with 2:29 left in the second following a Coyle roughing penalty.
The Avs came out looking cautious in the third but pulled out a game that appeared lost.
Asked about Game 6, Stastny said, "It's about time we played a better game up there."


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August 25, 2003
LOS ANGELES — Professor David Lewin, Neil Jacoby Chair in Management, has been named senior associate dean of the MBA Program at The Anderson School at UCLA.
Professor Lewin has been with the Anderson School for more than 13 years and is one of the nation's foremost experts on human resource management. He serves as faculty director of both the Advanced Program in Human Resource Management and the Strategic Leadership Institute at The Anderson School.
Joining Prof. Lewin in overseeing the MBA Program is Professor Charles Corbett, who was recently appointed associate dean. Working closely together, they will be spending time with faculty this year in preparing for and implementing new initiatives designed to enhance the core curriculum as well as elective course offerings.
The Class of 2005 will be offered a two-unit course on leadership foundations as part of their MBA Orientation Program. Prof. Lewin notes, "The course is designed to focus students on their own leadership strengths and weaknesses, and to develop forward-looking plans for enhancing their leadership strengths and overcoming their leadership weaknesses."
Another initiative recently approved by the School's faculty involves expansion of the core curriculum of the MBA Program, effective in 2004-2005. This effort involves adding additional course work in finance and marketing to the core, along with certain constrained electives.
"It's my vision that students will truly master the disciplines, functions and tools represented in the MBA core curriculum and elective courses as well as develop their leadership capability during their time here," said Lewin.
Other changes include enhancement of the Great Ideas in Management course that was inaugurated last year under the leadership of Department Chair Rakesh Sarin by having both leading business practitioners and faculty as key presenters, and developing additional elective courses in the School's Entertainment Management Program.
Professors Lewin and Corbett will also be working with a newly constituted MBA Curriculum Committee, headed by Professor Randy Bucklin, to analyze the School's elective course offerings with a view toward integrating certain electives, modularizing some electives, and offering more sections of especially popular electives.
Dr. Lewin's research and teaching interests include human resources and business performance, compensation and reward systems, and conflict management. He has published 17 books and more than 150 articles in scholarly and professional journals. Among his books are The Modern Grievance Procedure in the United States, Human Resource Management: An Economic Approach, and Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations.
Professor Lewin has held research grants from the National Science Foundation, Ford Foundation, National Institute for Dispute Resolution, Human Resource Planning Society, Society for Human Resource Management, and U.S. Department of Labor.
He has consulted widely with business, government and voluntary organizations in the United States and abroad, and served as president of the University Council on Industrial Relations and Human Resource Programs. In 1995, he was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Human Resources.
Lewin's educational background includes a Ph.D. and an MBA from UCLA. He previously served as Professor, Director of the Ph.D. Program, Director of the Human Resources Research Center, and Director of the Senior Executive Program at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business.


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Just gorgeous!
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Welcome to the personal website of Dr Andrew Sentance CBE.
I am a business economist who served as a member of the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) from October 2006 until May 2011. In November 2011, I joined Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) as their Senior Economic Adviser.
Before I joined the MPC, I worked for British Airways for nearly nine years, as Chief Economist and Head of Environmental Affairs. I am also a part-time Professor of Sustainable Business at Warwick Business School. Click here to find out more about my career and background, including my time at the LSE, the CBI and London Business School in the 1980s and 1990s.
Throughout my career, I have written numerous articles, given many speeches and contributed to the media on a regular basis. On this website, you can access my economics blog - The Hawk Talks! and find out more about my news and views.
I have recently written a book, "Rediscovering growth: After the crisis" which was published in late November 2013. This sets out my current views on the prospects for the UK and other western economies in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008/9. According to John Cridland, Director-General of the CBI, this is a "concise, objective analysis of the changing global economy since the financial crisis of 2008/9". For Ian Powell, Chairman of PwC, it is a "must-read on the New Normal post-crisis economy". And Simon Ward, Chief Economist of Henderson Global Investors and City AM Analyst of the Year sees it as a "convincing diagnosis of our economic woes, challenging the current consensus". You can read more about the book here.
The Sentance family can be traced back to Grantham in Lincolnshire in the 16th Century and I have also researched some of my other ancestral roots. The family history section of the website provides access to some of this research, and I am always keen to hear from other people who may have common family links.
I am also a part-time rock musician and church organist. I play bass and sing in Revelation, a rock band which performs at events in south Essex where I live - for more details, click here. The music pages on this website contain more details of these musical activities and interests, including my music blog - Andy's Music Blog.
I hope you find the website interesting and useful. Click here to contact me with feedback or comments or for any other reason.
Andrew Sentance
updated 8th May 2014Follow me on Twitter @asentance
You are visitor number to this site


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Back in March, I posted a note to the IEBlog when the pre-release version of IE8's SmartScreen Filter had delivered its 10 millionth malware block. Today, I'm happy to report that IE8's SmartScreen Filter has delivered more than 70 million blocks in the first four months since IE8's official release, for a cumulative total of 80 million blocks. This data is a strong indication of the value of the protection SmartScreen provides, and of just how widespread socially-engineered malware attacks are on the web today.
While we were proud of the work that went into SmartScreen leading up to IE8's release, we knew that it was only the beginning of our efforts. Microsoft's commitment to Trustworthy Browsing didn't end when we signed off on the final IE8 code-- the reputation services behind SmartScreen represent an ongoing investment that we strive to improve every day.
Eighty million blocks is an incredible number of attacks thwarted-- each malicious download blocked helps prevent compromise of that user's computer. The other key numbers that I announced in March are holding strong, even with a rapidly expanding user base:
- IE8 is delivering a malware block for approximately 1 out of 40 users every week
- Approximately 1 of every 200 downloads is blocked as malicious
If you're not running IE8's SmartScreen Filter, I believe you are missing a key piece of protection to help ensure your safety on the Internet. IE8 users can ensure that SmartScreen is enabled by clicking on the toolbar's Safety button (or if you're in Show Only Icons mode) and examining the SmartScreen Filter submenu. If a "Turn on SmartScreen Filter" item is present, click it to enable protection.
Malware Block Effectiveness
Heading into the launch of IE8, the engineering team commissioned an independent study of SmartScreen Filter by NSS Labs. Our objective was to gather an accurate and independent baseline measurement of SmartScreen's protection against socially engineered malware attacks. That baseline, run against the IE8 Release Candidate, allows us to validate our investments in improved intelligence and technology. Since then, we've made major investments in malware intelligence and rapid response systems to provide an ever-increasing level of protection for users.
NSS Labs has just completed a second round of studies on socially engineered malware attacks, and I'm happy to share the results. In this latest test pass, NSS found a 12% improvement in SmartScreen's protection levels. Here's the data from NSS Labs on the malware block rate for major browsers:
Microsoft's reputation services team has other significant investments staged to launch in the next quarter, so I expect even better results in the near future.
Phishing Block Effectiveness
We've spent quite a bit of time talking about the socially engineered malware threat because it is currently the biggest problem users face. However, phishing remains a prevalent and important threat to users as well. We're continuously making improvements to our data sources and intelligence systems that deliver phishing protection. This continuous investment keeps IE in the market-leading position it established with the release of the Phishing Filter in IE7. Since then, Internet Explorer 7 and 8 have blocked over 125 million phishing attacks.
The newest NSS study included a test pass for phishing blocks. NSS Labs reported the following block rate for major browsers:
You can view the full NSS study at http://nsslabs.com/browser-security.
I hope that the internal data I've shared today and the results of the NSS testing are a clear indicator of our commitment to Trustworthy Browsing, and our ongoing execution against that promise.
-Eric Lawrence


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