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Water SA
versão On-line ISSN 1816-7950
versão impressa ISSN 0378-4738
Water SA vol.35 no.1 Pretoria Jan. 2009
A catchment-scale irrigation systems model for sugarcane part 1: model development
NG MoultI; NL LeclerI, II, *; JC SmithersI; DJ ClarkI
ISchool of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
IISouth African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa
In South Africa, the demand for water exceeds available supplies in many catchments. In order to justify existing water requirements and to budget and plan in the context of growing uncertainty regarding water availability, a model to assist in the assessment and management of catchment water supply and demand interactions, and the associated impacts on the profitability of irrigated sugarcane, has been developed. The model, ACRUCane, operates as a submodel within the ACRU agrohydrological model and simulates the water budget of a field of irrigated sugarcane. The water budget is based on the integration of several widely accepted algorithms and concepts, accounts for different irrigation system types performing at different levels of uniformity and different water management strategies. Furthermore, it can simulate a wide variety of water availability scenarios and constraints through its link with ACRU simulated hydrology. The crop yield algorithms used in the model were verified using data from three different irrigation trials with widely varying irrigation treatments, where the model was shown to adequately distinguish the impacts of different watering strategies on crop yields. A description of the model algorithms and results from verification studies are presented in this paper. Application of the model is presented in a companion paper.
Keywords: ACRUCane, irrigation systems, water management, crop modelling, hydrology, water resources, sugarcane
The demand for water exceeds available supplies in many catchments in South Africa (NWRS, 2004). Since a substantial amount of water is assigned to irrigated agriculture (Ascough and Kiker, 2002), farmers are facing increasing pressure to use water more effectively and to justify existing water use. In order to justify existing water requirements and to budget and plan in the context of growing uncertainty regarding water availability, a tool to assist in the assessment and management of catchment water supply and demand interactions, and the associated impacts on the profitability of irrigated sugarcane, is needed.
While there have been many useful model developments for sugarcane and water resources management, none of these provide all the necessary decision support information in an integrated fashion. Therefore, the development of a catchment-scale irrigation systems model was initiated. The model capabilities required to provide adequate decision support information were identified by Moult (2005) as being the following:
- Modelling the soil water balance at a field scale for irrigated areas and at a catchment scale for non-irrigated areas,
- Linking an accurate estimation of crop water requirement for an irrigated area with the availability of water at a catchment scale,
- Explicitly accounting for the impact of the performance of different irrigation systems, including non-uniform water applications, on the hydrology and, ultimately, on the sugarcane yield of an irrigated area, and
- Assessing the impact of different supply constraints on sugarcane yield, and estimating both sugarcane and sucrose yield.
The objective of this paper is to describe the concepts and development of a model to meet the above requirements and to report on verification of sugarcane and sucrose yields simulated by the model.
The development of the conceptual model involved a review of the available models with respect to their potential to meet the objectives of the project. During the reviewing process concepts and algorithms pertinent to the development of the model were selected such that, when integrated, they would meet the stated model requirements. The models reviewed included: SWB (Campbell and Diaz, 1988). CANEGRO (Inman-Bamber, 1991), ACRU (Schulze, 1995), APSIM (McCown et al., 1996), CANESIM (Singels et al., 1998) and ZIMsched 2.0 (Lecler, 2003). The FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO 56, Allen et al., 1998) was also reviewed as it is fundamental to the water budget used in ZIMsched 2.0 and SWB. Full reviews of these models are provided by Moult (2005). A conclusion of the review process was that despite their respective strengths, none of these models and associated algorithms incorporated all the desired system processes in an integrated fashion. In particular none were able to represent the link between catchment hydrology, water availability, irrigation demand, non-uniform irrigation water applications and associated crop yields The development of the ACRUCane model is described in the following section.
Model description
The water budget in ACRUCane is based primarily on a unique integration and refinement of robust algorithms from FAO 56 (Allen et al., 1998) and the ACRU model (Schulze, 1995) and is very similar to the water budget used in ZIMsched 2.0 (Lecler, 2003)
The ACRU model is a catchment-scale agrohydrological model capable of simulating catchment hydrology and many different water supply scenarios (Lecler et al., 1995). Consequently, the ACRU model was used to simulate runoff from the catchment and water storage which was linked to a smaller sub-model, developed to simulate the water budget of an irrigated field of sugarcane and the associated yields when irrigated with different types of irrigation systems. This model is referred to as ACRUCane. A description of the fundamental aspects of the water budget for ACRUCane follows.
Wetting events occur as a result of either rainfall or irrigation, both of which can potentially generate runoff. Runoff from the irrigated area is simulated using an equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (USDA, 1985) and adapted for use in South Africa by Schmidt and Schulze (1987) and Schulze et al. (1995).
Q = surface runoff depth (mm)
PI = daily wetting amount (mm), i.e. rainfall and/or irrigation
c = coefficient of initial abstraction
S = potential maximum water retention of the soil, taken as the soil water deficit below porosity, prior to a wetting event (mm)
Rainfall and/or irrigation that do not generate runoff are assumed to infiltrate into the soil immediately after the wetting event has occurred. Rates of infiltration are not simulated in ACRUCane. Once in the soil profile, water leaves the soil through either evapotranspiration or deep percolation.
Evapotranspiration from the cropped surface is determined using the dual crop coefficient methodology described by Allen et al. (1998).
ETc = evaporation from a cropped surface (mm)
Kcb = basal crop coefficient
Ke = coefficient controlling evaporation from the soil
ET0 = reference evaporation from a hypothetical short- grass surface (mm)
Using dual crop coefficients allows the separation of evaporation from a cropped surface into two processes, namely, transpiration (Et in mm) and evaporation from the soil (Es in mm). Treating these two processes separately is important because prior to the development of significant canopy cover, water losses are dominated by evaporation from the soil surface. Accurate estimation of Es is important as it can be highly variable and is dependent on the wetting fraction and wetting frequency of the soil (Lecler, 2003).
If, at the end of the day, the soil moisture content of the root zone (the portion of soil occupied by the roots) is above the field capacity (FC) of the soil, then drainage of the profile is initiated. The fraction of moisture above the FC that drains from the soil profile is dependent on the soil textural class and the amount of excess water. Default values for the drainage rate are related to the soil texture, but can be overridden by a user-specified value.
Crop processes
To aid in simulating the water budget, phenological processes such as root growth and canopy development are modelled. Root growth is simulated using a methodology described by Lecler (2003) and accounts for the crop's increasing access to soil moisture during the course of the growing season. Canopy development is simulated using a model described by Singels and Donaldson (2000) and is used to account for the effects of light interception and soil shading on evaporation of water from the soil and increased crop water usage as the crop grows.
Irrigation systems
Different types of irrigation system hardware are accounted for in several ways in ACRUCane. The irrigation system type, e.g. 'drip' irrigation, is associated with system specific attributes such as the fraction of soil wetted by irrigation, and whether or not interception of irrigation water applications is simulated. Included in the required input parameter set is an irrigation uniformity index such as the Distribution Uniformity (DU) to enable the simulation of non-uniform irrigation water applications which occur in practice. This is achieved using multiple water budgets and assuming a normal distribution of irrigation depths as described by Lecler (2003) and Ascough and Lecler (2004). The impacts associated with water management are represented through the simulation of a wide range of irrigation scheduling options.
Irrigation scheduling options
Different irrigation practices impact significantly on the hydrology of the area being irrigated. ACRUCane allows the user a choice of six different modes of irrigation scheduling, which include the four options available in the ACRU model (Schulze, 1995) as well as two additional options. In ACRUCane the irrigation requirement is determined for the scheduling option selected by the user and is then applied at the beginning of each day. Note that in all scheduling options described below, an irrigation requirement is determined. The amount that is actually applied to the crop is limited by water availability from the supply source, and in some cases, the capacity of the irrigation system, i.e. the minimum cycle time.
Option 1 Refill the soil profile at a specified fraction of total available water (TAW)
In this mode of scheduling, a user input fraction of TAW is used to determine the maximum allowable depletion of water in the soil profile. Once this level has been reached, an irrigation requirement is generated to refill the soil profile to the FC, or to a water level below the FC, thus leaving a portion of the soil water store to be filled by precipitation which may occur. It is an efficient form of irrigation as irrigation is only initiated when it is necessary to prevent crop water stress.
Option 2 Apply a fixed amount of water in a fixed cycle
For practical purposes, farmers often irrigate using a fixed cycle and fixed application amount for different times of the year. In ACRUCane, the user selects both the application depth and the interval between applications. The cycle length is assumed to continue throughout the growing season, unless a threshold amount of rainfall occurs which interrupts and causes the irrigation cycle to restart.
Option 3 Apply a variable amount of water in a fixed cycle
This mode of irrigation scheduling results in irrigation applied using a fixed cycle length but with varying amounts or irrigation water applied. The user specifies the cycle length and the system capacity. At the beginning of each cycle the depth of water required to fill the soil profile up to the FC is determined. If the required amount is less than the system capacity then the irrigation requirement is met, otherwise the applied depth is limited by the system capacity. As with Option 1, a certain portion of the soil water store can be left unfilled for potential rainfall events that may supplement irrigation.
Option 4 Duplicate a known irrigation regime
Using this option the user can simulate a known watering regime, which is read into the model from a user prepared hydrometeorological data file.
Option 5 Apply irrigation water using a fixed summer and winter cycle
A fifth scheduling option was created for ACRUCane to enable the model to represent a common irrigation practice of having separate irrigation cycles for the summer and winter seasons. In this option, the user specifies the cycle length, application amount and the starting dates of the summer and winter cycles.
Option 6 Refill the soil profile at specified moisture depletion level
The sixth option added to ACRUCane is similar to Option 1. However, instead of specifying the fraction of TAM at which irrigation is to take place, the user specifies a fixed depletion level in mm below FC at which irrigation is to be triggered. In this way it is possible for the user to apply, say, 25 mm once the soil water has depleted 30 mm below FC, leaving 5 mm to be filled by precipitation.
Water Supply
A variety of water supply options can be simulated by ACRUCane through the ACRU model. These options are illustrated in Fig. 1. The user can thus quantify the impact of different water supply options and constraints on the water budget and ultimately the yield of an irrigated sugarcane crop.
To be able to simulate the impact of different management practices effectively, types of irrigation systems, water supply limitations and environmental conditions on sugarcane yield, it is necessary to estimate both the cane yield and quality of cane. In ACRUCane, several algorithms to simulate sugarcane yield and quality are used to provide a range of comparable outputs.
A conceptually sound radiation-based sucrose yield and biomass accumulation yield algorithm developed for CANEGRO has been included in ACRUCane. This model estimates, inter alia, the sucrose and fibre content of the stalk. The complexities of this model are beyond the scope of this paper and a comprehensive description of this yield model is provided by Singels and Bezuidenhout (2002). Although conceptually superior, this model requires detailed inputs such as daily radiation which may not always be available. For this reason, a conceptually simpler transpiration-based estimated recoverable crystal (ERC) model developed for ZIMsched 2.0 is also included, as it provides a reliable surrogate for sucrose yield.
Estimated recoverable crystal (ERC)
To estimate ERC, an algorithm developed by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) and modified by De Jager (1994) and Lecler (2003) is used in ACRUCane.
Ya = actual yield of ERC (t·ha-1)
Yp = potential yield of ERC (t·ha-1)
Kyi = yield response factor for the ith growth period
T = simulated actual transpiration (mm)
Tm = simulated maximum transpiration, i.e. with no soil water stress (mm)
Thus with an estimate of the potential yield of ERC or sucrose (Yp) it is possible to determine the actual yield (Ya) by accounting for the impacts of water stress using the ratio of actual to potential transpiration at different times in the growth cycle. The potential sucrose yield is obtained using a modified version of the relationship derived by Thompson (1976), as described by Lecler (2003).
Sugarcane yield
In addition to the ERC yield estimation, two empirical transpiration-based algorithms are included to estimate tons of sugarcane produced per hectare. The first is the Thompson equation (Thompson, 1976):
YT = tons of cane per hectare (t·ha-1)
ΣET = accumulated actual evapotranspiration (mm)
The second is an equation used in the CANESIM model, developed by fitting a second order polynomial to stalk matter and cumulative transpiration simulated by the CANEGRO model for several widely varying climates (Singels et al., 1999):
Yc = tons of cane per hectare (t·ha-1)
ΣT = accumulated actual transpiration (mm)
It must be noted that using transpiration, as opposed to evapotranspiration, is a more desirable option to use as a driver of yield. When using evapotranspiration, evaporation from the soil is inherently included and significant variation, dependent of the wetting fraction and frequency of the irrigation system, can occur prior to extensive canopy development An irrigation system that wets the entire soil surface at a high frequency, such as a centre pivot, would result in high initial evaporation from the soil and thus high evapotranspiration values and simulated yield. However, water loss via soil water evaporation is not used beneficially by the plants and yields simulated under these circumstances can be artificially high.
Verification of the yield estimation algorithms in ACRUCane was conducted using irrigation trial data from both La Mercy in KwaZulu-Natal and the Lowveld of Zimbabwe. In this paper a summarised version of the results is presented. For all trials the actual irrigation regime used for the different treatments was replicated in the model. No measure of irrigation uniformity was reported in the trial records, thus for the verification studies, any non-uniformity in irrigation water applications was not represented. A comprehensive description of the trials and presentation of results can be found in Moult (2005).
La Mercy Trial
The La Mercy trial was initiated by the South African Sugarcane Research Institute. Five different treatments were applied to trial plots, ranging from full irrigation (Treatment 1) to rain-fed conditions (Treatment 5), over a 4-year period that included one plant crop and three ratoons (a ratoon crop is the new cane which grows from the stubble left behind). Estimates of sugarcane, and sucrose yield were simulated and compared against observed values of sugarcane and sucrose yields for the ratoon crops as the model algorithms were designed to represent ratoon rather than plant crops.
Sucrose yield
Sucrose yields using the model based on Singels and Bezuidenhout (2002) were estimated to an acceptable degree of accuracy. A scatter plot of simulated and observed sucrose yields and a '1:1' line are shown in Fig. 2.
It is evident from Fig. 2 that the ACRUCane model simulated the drier treatments, such as Treatment 4 and 5, better than the wetter treatments where the sucrose yield was generally overestimated. Statistical results are shown in Table 1.
As evident from Table 1, the simulated mean (Smean) obtained was marginally higher than the observed mean (Omean). A RMSE of 2.6 t·ha-1 was obtained which is the same as the value obtained by Singels and Bezuidenhout (2002) and indicates that, on average, the simulated yield was within 15% of the observed yield. The index of agreement (d), as defined by Wilmott (1981), yielded value of 0.65 which, although not close to a perfect agreement of 1, still indicates a fair model performance.
Cane yield
Although two equations were used in ACRUCane to estimate cane yield, only the results using the Thompson equation are shown in this paper. A scatter plot of simulated and observed cane yields and a '1:1' line are shown in Fig. 3.
It is evident from Fig. 3 that yields were underestimated by the ACRUCane. There appears to be no clear trends between wetter or drier treatments although higher yields were underestimated more than lower yields. Statistical results are shown in Table 2.
The models underestimation is confirmed by the Omean being considerably higher than Smean. The RMSE of 21.7 t·ha-1 obtained indicates that, on average, yield was simulated to within 17.9 % of the observed value. An index of agreement of 0.659 indicates a fair agreement between simulated and observed values.
Zimbabwe Trial 4200/1
The first set of trial data from Zimbabwe used for verification came from an irrigation trial initiated at the Zimbabwean Sugar Association Experiment Station (ZSAES), which is located near Chiredzi in Zimbabwe. The trial plots were planted to sugarcane in 1966 and the experiments were terminated in 1972. Six different irrigation treatments were used where 50 mm of irrigation water was applied, each treatment using a different pan factor to estimate the evapotranspiration and hence to schedule the irrigation. A pan factor is defined as the ratio of irrigation applied to accumulated pan evaporation since the previous irrigation application. Applications ranged from full irrigation (Treatment 1 pan factor = 1.0) to very dry treatments (Treatment 6 pan factor = 0.38). The trial plots had never been planted to sugarcane or any other form of commercial agriculture prior to the experiment. As a result, observed yields were exceptionally high. The mean observed yield of ERC was 16.4 t·ha-1 compared to the mean simulated yield of 13.8 t·ha-1. Since ACRUCane does not account for soil quality, simulated yields tended to be lower than those observed were. Thus relative yields were compared, i.e. yields expressed as a fraction of the maximum value.
ERC yield
A scatter plot of the results of ERC simulations is shown in Fig. 4. Generally the results in Figure 4 indicate a good correlation between the standardised simulated and observed values. It is evident from Fig. 4 that ERC is slightly underestimated at higher relative yields (wetter treatments) and overestimated for lower relative yields (drier treatments). An explanation for the overestimation of lower relative yields is the fact that the canopy model, which is used to 'drive' transpiration, does not account for soil water stress. Since canopy development in ACRUCane depends primarily on temperature, each treatment would have the same simulated canopy and thus the same potential for transpiration. Thus, even very dry treatments would, when simulated, transpire after a wetting event at the same rate as wetter treatments. In practice, crops subjected to severe water stress would have stunted canopies and, even after a wetting event, would not transpire at the same rate as a crop that had been well irrigated. In addition to this, Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) noted that the relationship they derived was not valid for conditions where soil water stress was such that crop water use was reduced to less than half of the potential rate. Statistical results are shown in Table 3.
The standardised Smean and Omean are very similar in value, and d is very close to a value of 1.0, indicating a high level of agreement between simulated and observed values. The RMSE of 0.097 obtained means that, on average, relative yield was estimated within 12% of the observed relative yield, which is comparable to the value of 6% obtained by Lecler (2003).
Sugarcane yield
In the case of cane yield, actual yields were simulated reasonably well for this trial and relative yields were not used to examine results. As shown in Fig. 5 high yields, typically resulting from wetter irrigation treatments, were simulated well by the model. As with ERC yield, lower yields from drier treatments were consistently overestimated by the model. This can be attributed to the fact that the simulated canopy does not account for soil water stress and hence overestimates transpiration for wetter treatments, as explained in the ERC yield analysis. Importantly, the very dry treatments (Treatment 5 and 6) are not irrigation regimes that would be used in practice unless the irrigator was forced to under-irrigate as a result of severe water shortages. Treatments 5 and 6 are the only treatments where the simulated values always exceed the observed values. The summarised results of simulated cane yield are listed in Table 4.
The results in Table 4 indicate that sugarcane yield was estimated well by the model. Smean is slightly higher than Omean and d is very close to a value of 1.0, indicating a high level of agreement between simulated and observed values. The RMSE of 20.9 t·ha-1 means that, on average, yield was estimated within 16.8 % of the observed value.
Zimbabwe Trial 4200/12
The second set of trial data from Zimbabwe used for verification was from an irrigation trial conducted at ZSAES which was similar to Trial 4200/1 except that the soils were not virgin. The trial commenced in 1985 and was terminated in 1991. Six different irrigation treatments were applied, using pan factors ranging from 1.0 (Treatment 1) to 0.4 (Treatment 6).
ERC yield
A scatter plot of the data is shown in Fig. 6. Figure 6 shows that higher yields were slightly underestimated by the model and lower yields were slightly overestimated. The same observations made for Trial 4200/1 when analysing the relative ERC yields are applicable to these results and appear to be a common trend in the results simulated by the model. Statistical results of the ERC simulations are contained in Table 5.
Unlike the previous trial data, actual ERC yields were well simulated for Trial 4200/12. The RMSE 1.60 t·ha-1 indicates that, on average, yields were simulated within 10% of the observed value. The value of d is very close to a value of 1.0, showing a very high level of agreement between simulated and observed values.
Sugarcane yield
Actual sugarcane yields were overestimated by ACRUCane. The mean observed yield was 112.4 t·ha-1 compared to the mean simulated yield of 138.9 t·ha-1. However, good correlations were obtained when relative yields were compared, as shown in Fig. 7. The results in Fig. 7 show a strong correlation between observed and simulated relative yields although there does appear to be a trend in underestimating the relative yields. A summary of the statistical analysis is contained in Table 6.
As concluded from the results in Fig. 7, Smean is marginally lower than the Omean. The RMSE of 0.074 means that, on average, relative yields were estimated within 8.3% of the observed relative value. The value of d is very close to a value of 1.0 indicating a high level of agreement respectively between simulated and observed values.
Discussion of results
Generally, the model's performance was adequate. In most instances actual yields for sucrose, ERC and cane were simulated well. Relative yields, i.e. yield trends were considered where the magnitudes of the observed yields were simulated poorly. Although ACRUCane models the irrigation water budget in detail, there are many aspects, which contribute to crop yield, which are not simulated by the model. Aspects such as soil quality (e.g. nitrogen content) and the existence of nematodes are examples of the variables which impact on crop yield and are not modelled explicitly by ACRUCane. However, simulating the relative differences in yield due to different irrigation treatments and seasonal climatic changes was considered the most important aspect of the verification study, as it is this feature of the model that enables it to provide decision support information.
A common trend observed in ERC and cane yield estimates was the overestimation of lower yields incurred by drier irrigation treatments. The reason for this was postulated to be the model's inability to simulate the impact of severe soil moisture stress on canopy development, as discussed in the paper. This limits the performance of the model under very dry conditions. However, it must be noted that the dry irrigation treatments simulated were not treatments that would typically occur in practice, unless the irrigator was forced to severely under-irrigate as a result of serious water shortages.
A core objective of this project was to integrate simulated crop water requirements, crop yields and the availability of water from a catchment, i.e. from a dam or directly from a river. Furthermore, these simulations needed to be representative of various water management and irrigation hardware systems. These objectives have been achieved and the results of the verification study show that the ACRUCane model performed adequately. Actual yields were captured accurately on most occasions. In instances where actual yields were not simulated well, relative differences in yield resulting from different irrigation treatments were represented well by the model.
ACRUCane has the potential to provide management information to a wide range of users. It should enable the expected performance of different types of irrigation and water management systems to be investigated. Furthermore, all of these can be assessed in relation to risks associated with available water supplies, water allocations and water transfer systems, thus providing information needed to assess the potential profitability of various irrigation alternatives. In terms of water resource assessments, ACRUCane could be used to determine the impact of irrigated sugarcane on water availability, for a range of irrigation systems and water management scenarios. Further development of the model to incorporate other crops and to account for more complicated operating rules governing water supply, for example, fractional water allocation and reservoir capacity sharing/water-banking is recommended.
The authors wish to record their sincere appreciation to Dr Abraham Singels and Dr Maurits Van Den Berg of the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI). Both gave very valuable input to various discussions, particularly relating to understanding the sucrose algorithm. Prof Roland Schulze, Dr Carel Bezuidenhout and Mr Sean Thornton-Dibb of the School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, also provided the lead author with very valuable assistance. Funding provided by SASRI is gratefully acknowledged.
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Received 28 March 2008; accepted in revised form 28 November 2008.
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Charles Woodson has been cleared to play again, and the Green Bay Packers are counting on the defensive back to provide a lift in Saturday night's playoff game against the Minnesota Vikings.
Woodson deferred to team physician Dr. Pat McKenzie and gave his broken collarbone as much time to heal as possible, sitting out Sunday's regular-season finale at Minnesota. He was injured on Oct. 21 and has missed nine consecutive games.
But now that the Packers are in win-or-go-home mode, Woodson is back.

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Disable ATT Wireless GPS Tracking Via Loopt On Your iPhone
While looking over my iPhone ATT Wireless plan features I noticed that they enable the application Loopt access by default. Loopt is a social media application that provides a method to view the location of your friends or your friends the ability to see your location on your iPhone using GPS technology. Even though you are still required to provide access to each person that can view your location I view this as a security risk and would think that ATT should keep this disabled by default and require a person to explicitly enable this feature instead. Below is information on how to disable this so called feature via the ATT Wireless web site.


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Nation & World
Israel debates retaliation after bodies of missing teens found in West Bank
The Israeli government debated possible retaliatory action for the killings of three Israeli teenagers whose bodies were found Monday in the West Bank more than two weeks after the students vanished while hitchhiking home from their religious schools.
A meeting of the Israeli security cabinet ended early Tuesday morning with no decisions announced, reflecting division among senior ministers about what form the Israeli reaction should take. Hawkish ministers advocated tough punitive measures, while others counseled restraint, according to reports from the meeting.
Earlier, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had threatened the militant group Hamas with retaliation for the teens' deaths. "Hamas is responsible and Hamas will pay," he said.
But it was not immediately clear what action Israel could take. Beyond Netanyahu's assertion of Hamas culpability, there is no evident link between the abduction and the Hamas leadership in the Gaza Strip. No group has claimed responsibility the teens' disappearances and murders.
Israeli forces already have launched a broad crackdown on Hamas in the West Bank, arresting more than 400 people and raiding charities, social welfare institutions, media offices and student groups suspected of links to the Islamist faction.
Israeli military officials said they were focusing their efforts on finding the two suspected kidnappers, identified by Israel's Shin Ben security service as Hamas operatives from the West Bank city of Hebron. Reports from the city said troops were surrounding their family homes and that some family members had been detained.
The two suspects also have been missing since the Israeli teenagers disappeared on June 12. One of the teenagers managed to call an emergency police line, whispering that he had been kidnapped, but the responders dismissed the call as a prank after several efforts to call the teen back went unanswered.
On Monday the bodies of the youths were found by search volunteers and soldiers in a field northwest of Hebron, military officials said. The three teenagers had been shot, apparently shortly after they boarded the kidnappers' car on a road in the neighboring Gush Etzion settlement bloc, Israeli news outlets reported.
Benjamin Propper, a staff member at a nature center in the settlement of Kfar Etzion, who was with the search party, told Israel's Channel Two television that the bodies were discovered under a pile of rocks after one of the volunteers noticed a shrub that seemed out of place.
The dead teens were identified as Eyal Yifrah, 19, Naftali Fraenkel, 16, and Gil-Ad Shaer, 16. Fraenkel had dual Israeli-American citizenship.
After news of their death was reported on Israeli media, friends flocked to their families' homes, and teenagers in Gush Etzion gathered near the site of the kidnapping, lighting memorial candles and singing mournful songs.
President Obama issued a statement expressing his condolences. "As a father, I cannot imagine the indescribable pain that the parents of these teenage boys are experiencing," the statement said. "The United States condemns in the strongest possible terms this senseless act of terror against innocent youth."
Obama urged Israelis and Palestinians "to refrain from steps that could further destabilize the situation," a reference to possible retaliation by the Israelis and a Palestinian backlash.
Netanyahu has consistently blamed Hamas in the case, and most of those arrested in the military sweeps in the last two weeks were suspected Hamas operatives, including more than 50 former prisoners released in a 2011 exchange for Gilad Shalit, an Israeli soldier who had been held captive by Hamas in Gaza.
Lt. Col. Peter Lerner, an Israeli military spokesman, noted that Hamas leaders have repeatedly called for abductions of Israelis to exchange for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails, but he said it remained unclear whether the kidnappers of the teenagers acted on their own or on direct orders from superiors.
"We don't feel that (such orders were) actually necessary," Lerner said.
Netanyahu had seized on the kidnapping to urge Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas to abandon a reconciliation deal between his Fatah movement and Hamas, which led to the recent formation of Palestinian unity government backed by both factions.
The slaying of the three youths could strain that reconciliation effort. Abbas has strongly condemned the abduction and pledged to assist in the searches for the kidnappers, who he charged were trying to "destroy us."


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Party Like It Is 1997!
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LIKE TORCHES Release New Music Video
Stockholm, Sweden's LIKE TORCHES has announced the release of their upcoming album Love And Losses, set for release on November 1st on Victory Records. These five passionate musicians have worked diligently across two continents over the last several years to create a fresh, stellar rock album for the current times. Today, the quintet deliver the first music video from the album, "The Guilt Of Surviving."
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REVEREND HORTON HEAT 'Perfect' Video
REVEREND HORTON HEAT are crooning back with "Perfect," the third video from their newest album Whole New Life (available now).
Music Video Now Playing.
will never be another Roy Orbison," promises frontman/guitarist Jim Heath. "I've
always thought he was the ultimate perfect singer. There's a nod to his classic
song 'Pretty Woman' in here, but this song is my own melody and guitar licks."
the first line in the song reads, 'Perfection is not in the cards,' Heath,
along with bassist Jimbo Wallace accidentally fell into such an imperfect
situation in the studio. Technical difficulties forced the band to re-record
Wallace's bass parts when Heath had an idea very unconventional to the REVEREND HORTON HEAT rulebook. "I was
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came up with the genius of playing an upright bass with a pick - and it worked
out perfect (no pun intended)!"
Reverend Horton Heat , Music VideoContinue Reading →
Monarch - New Video from CAROUSEL KINGS
CAROUSEL KINGS are giving a different look into their latest album through the new video "Monarch" - a mix of emotional vocals layered with intelligent lyrics and the bands tenacious pop undertones. The video comes from their latest album Plus Ultra (available now), just as the Pennsylvania rockers pack their bags and leave for the Plus Ultra Tour Phase 3, starting Saturday, July 26 with a send-off show in the bands hometown of Lancaster, PA.
Watch the Music Video "Monarch."
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Victory Records is excited to announce the signing of hardcore icons CRO-MAGS, led by founder Harley Flanagan. The pioneering NYC band release a three track EP today featuring "Don't Give In," "Drag You Under" and "No One's Victim" - the first new, official CRO-MAGS music since 2000's 'Revenge' album.
Listen to
the first CRO-MAGS Songs in 19 Years.
CRO-MAGS feature Flanagan on lead vocals/bass, guitarists Gabby Abularach, Rocky
George (Suicidal Tendencies, Fishbone), and drummer Garry "G-Man"
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The Return of ELECTRIC FRANKENSTEIN
They never went away, but ELECTRIC FRANKENSTEIN is back
celebrating the release of their 1999 masterpiece How To Make A Monster, with an all new re-issue vinyl release. In
addition to limited edition colored vinyl, the remastered album includes new
artwork by friend and famed artist COOP, extensive liner notes by Joel Gausten
with additional insights by Eddie Spaghetti (Supersuckers), Tony Reflex
(Adolescents), Ace Von Johnson (Faster Pussycat), plus Captain Sensible (The Damned),
a digital download and an 18" x 24" poster of COOP's 'Electric Bride.'
The vinyl comes in limited quantities of black/white/green mix and
orange/yellow mix, and can be heard on all streaming platforms.
Listen to the album and order vinyl here.
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The Sleeping In Chicago
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Happy Halloween!
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I had one of those rare opportunities that will stay with me the rest of my life Thursday night.
Fortunate enough to secure a couple of press credentials, my Landmark Community Newspapers colleague, photographer Jonna Spelbring Priester of the Henry County Local, and I watched Kentucky beat Tennessee, 61-60 in one of the best college basketball games I have ever seen.
Not one of the best women's college basketball games.
One of the best. Period.
In this week's Anderson News, I ranked my top five sports stories that affected or impacted Anderson County this year. Like any time someone undertakes such a project there will be disagreements on what should and should not be on the list or how the ones I ranked should be ranked.
I really don't have a lot to offer on the scandal at Penn State that has now cost Joe Paterno his job. Like you, I get news like that from the national media.
And I am stunned.
Wednesday sports update
Not a lot going on right now locally, so it might be a good time to look around the area at some things happening.
First, in high school football, no one predicted Anderson County would have an easy time winning a district title for the second consecutive season. The Bearcats were realigned into a district that includes East Jessamine, which has had a solid program for some time, and Franklin County, which has enough speed that the Flyers are a threat to beat anyone.
Everyone who follows Kentucky high school football knew those two teams would be good.
Kind of a slow weekend in sports with the Labor Day holiday, but there are a few things of note locally.
Anderson County showed a glimpse of why the Bearcats and their fans are excited about the 2011 football season Friday night. Anderson defeated Danville 41-35 in a scrimmage at Admiral Stadium.
You read that right. Anderson defeated perennial state power Danville in a scrimmage.
The scrimmage was only three quarters with the clock running before the junior varsity teams went at it for two sets of 10 plays each. Anderson won that segment, too, three touchdowns to one.
UPDATED, Friday, April 15, 2 p.m. I just got a release from Ponderosa saying the season opener has been canceled by rain. The season is now set to open next Friday, April 22. Check back for more details.
If you are into auto racing, especially the dirt tracks where someone has to be just a tad crazy to compete, Ponderosa Speedway, located at Junction City, is hoping that you will pay the track a visit soon.
Controversy surrounding John Calipari is about as predictable as the sun coming up in the east. Kentucky basketball fans have been reminded of that twice on Friday.
One came when a national media member at a Final Four press conference asked Calipari about his first trip to the Final Four. Only one word can describe such a question on the day before the biggest stage in major college basketball: Cheapshot.
Yet, it surprised no one that the fact that Calipari has had two Final Four appearances stripped would come up.
p { margi
It looks like quite a few Anderson County residents are heading to Houston for the Final Four. I've gotten several e-mails and seen notes on Twitter and Facebook. To say that Wildcat fans are giddy that the longest Final Four drought in UK history has ended is an understatement of epic proportions.
Copyright © 2019
The Anderson News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lawrenceburg, KY and the surrounding area.


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Book News: Arthur C. Clarke's DNA Headed For A New Space Odyssey
Luis Enrique Ascui/Getty Images
The daily lowdown on books, publishing, and the occasional author behaving badly.
- When NASA launches its first solar sail mission into deep space, it'll be carrying DNA from some of the late, legendary science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke's hair. Most famous as the author of 2001: A Space Odyssey, Clarke was also an explorer, and in 1956, he discovered the underwater ruins of the Koneswaram temple in Sri Lanka while scuba diving. NASA's mission is called The Sunjammer Project after Clarke's 1964 short story about outer-space solar sail racing. NASA describes a solar sail craft as "a huge, ultra-thin sail unfurling in space, using the pressure of sunlight to provide propellant-free transport, hovering and exploration capabilities." NASA says it hopes to launch the sail "as early as 2014."
- The body of Dr. James Martin, author of The Wired Society: A Challenge for Tomorrow, was found Monday floating off of Agar's Island, the island he owned in Bermuda, authorities told Bernews, a Bermuda news outlet. Police said that although the investigation is ongoing, "there does not appear to be any suspicious circumstances." Martin wrote more than 100 books but was best known for The Wired Society, which was published in 1977 and it is seen as an early prediction of the Internet. He is also the largest-ever donor to Oxford University, whose eponymous Martin School released a statement saying that the author was an "inspiration to millions — an extraordinary intellect, with wide-ranging interests, boundless energy and an unwavering commitment to addressing the greatest challenges facing humanity."
- The Random House imprint Hogarth is commissioning authors such as Jeanette Winterson and Anne Tyler to write "prose retellings" of Shakespeare plays. Winterson, who chose The Winter's Tale, wrote in the press release: "All of us have talismanic texts that we have carried around and that carry us around. I have worked with The Winter's Tale in many disguises for many years." She told The Guardian that "the Shakespeare purists miss the point about his exuberant ragbag of borrowings thrown into the alchemical furnace of his mind and lifted out transformed. He sums up the creative process, which is not concerned with originality of source but originality of re-making." The project is expected to launch in 2016, the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death.
- Ben Urwand, author of the forthcoming book The Collaboration: Hollywood's Pact With Hitler, told The New York Times that in the 1930s, "Hollywood is not just collaborating with Nazi Germany. It's also collaborating with Adolf Hitler, the person and human being." Although the Nazi influence on Hollywood has been well-documented, Urwand suggests previous historians have underestimated Hitler's reach. Among other discoveries, Urwand found a letter from the German arm of 20th Century Fox asking for Hitler to give feedback on American films and signed "Heil Hitler!" (The Fuhrer apparently hated Tarzan, but liked Laurel and Hardy.)
- The City of Devi author Manil Suri describes growing up gay in India for Granta: "While launching my new novel at the Kolkata Book Festival this year, I was warned that Calcutta was a very conservative city. 'Whatever you do, don't read out any of the gay scenes. Especially not the gay sex scenes.' Naturally, that's exactly what I did. The results were disappointing. Nobody shouted, nobody swooned, the city seemed to pull through just fine. ... This was supposed to be my great in-your-face coming-out campaign, which I'd fretted over for months beforehand. Had India suddenly lost its conservativeness, turned enlightened, even hip?"


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Text of a statement from Alvin Clemens, a Penn State trustee since 1995, provided Monday to The Associated Press:
The analysis of the Freeh Report issued yesterday by former Attorney General Thornburgh and a team of experts raises a number of extremely serious and troubling questions.
To dismiss this report out of hand, as Mr. Freeh did immediately after it was released, would be a grave error. The Sandusky scandal is one of the most important child sex abuse cases in history. The University has a sacred obligation to the victims, the community and everyone who cares about preventing future child sexual abuse cases to get to the real truth of what happened in this matter.
The Freeh group was engaged by the Board of Trustees to perform an independent, full and complete investigation of the Sandusky scandal. In addition to questions about accuracy and fairness, there is little question that the Freeh report is less than complete. Compounding this problem is the fact that the Board never voted to accept the report or the NCAA Consent Decree.
In light of the questions raised in the Thornburgh review, the Board of Trustees should reexamine the findings and conclusions of the Freeh report.


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DOTHAN, Ala. — State and local law enforcement raided Center Stage casino near Dothan on Wednesday and seized several hundred machines that the state attorney general called illegal.
DOTHAN, Ala. — State and local law enforcement raided Center Stage casino near Dothan on Wednesday and seized several hundred machines that the state attorney general called illegal.
Attorney General Luther Strange announced that his office worked with the Houston County sheriff and district attorney to serve a search warrant that resulted from an ongoing investigation of illegal gambling.
Center Stage replaced Country Crossing casino, which was closed during former Gov. Bob Riley's crackdown on gambling in 2010. Country Crossing's developer, Ronnie Gilley, pleaded guilty last year to offering bribes to legislators to support pro-gambling legislation. New operators reopened the country-themed casino last July with 500 machines that they advertised as legal electronic bingo.
Strange said he tried to resolve the legality of the machines without a raid, but the casino wouldn't cooperate.
"We offered Center Stage an opportunity to resolve this matter by surrendering its machines to the state and to allow a court to determine the legality of the machines. After Center Stage simply refused to compromise or discuss this matter in good faith, we sent the casino a written order to cease and desist its illegal operation," Strange said.
It continued to operate, and the only alternative left was to take law enforcement action, he said Wednesday.
An attorney for Center Stage's operators did not immediately respond to a phone message and email seeking comment.
The old Country Crossing casino, located on U.S. 231 five miles south of Dothan in the Cottonwood community, had games that resembled slot machines with flashing lights and sound effects. In an agreement with Strange, the nation's largest gambling machine manufacturers removed their equipment from Country Crossing more than a year ago. Center Stage reopened with machines that look like computer monitors, with customers sitting down to play.
Sybil Rich of Dothan told the Dothan Eagle that she was playing a game when officers entered shortly before 10 a.m. She said they asked patrons to cash out their games and go to an adjoining room, where they were questioned one by one. She said she was asked for identifying information, why she was there, and if she were playing a game.
"I hate (that) this happened," she said. "I don't know why they want to mess with this down here."
No arrests were announced.
Strange said his next step is seeking a forfeiture ruling from a Dothan judge for the machines and the money seized from them. He said he will also keep encouraging the Legislature to increase the penalty for operating an illegal gambling machine from a misdemeanor to a felony.
Alabama also has privately operated electronic bingo casinos in White Hall and Greensboro. Strange did not say whether he plans action at those locations.
In addition, the Poarch Creek Indians operate casinos in Wetumpka, Montgomery and Atmore that are the state's largest, but they are under federal supervision rather than state control.


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Taylor Swift at Paris Fashion Week Spring 2013
Every PFW Front-Row (and Afterparty) Moment You Don't Want to Miss
Every PFW Front-Row (and Afterparty) Moment You Don't Want to Miss
The Paris Fashion Week front-row lineup — not to mention the afterparty scene — set the standard in effortlessly chic style. A-list starlets, fashion industry insiders, and the sleekest street-style crew around came out in droves, offering up more than a few covetable ways to up your own styling game. And now that PFW (and Fashion Month, for that matter) has wrapped, we're taking one last look at the chicest moments. Taylor Swift sent photographers into a frenzy with her front-row appearance at Elie Saab, while the Delevingne sisters tapped into their sultry sides for Carine Roitfeld's MAC party. Fashion darlings Natalia Vodianova and Bérénice Bejo donned pretty shades of blue for Louis Vuitton, and at Miu Miu, it was a star-studded set to behold. Emma Stone, Amanda Seyfried, Chloe Sevigny, and Dianna Agron all dressed the part in mod-inspired wares from both Prada and Miu Miu's Fall '12 collections. Add to the mix Jennifer Lopez's outfits spotted at Chanel and Valentino, the seriously cool crowd at Saint Laurent, and every possible Anna Dello Russo ensemble, and you've got quite the PFW lineup to catch up on. Don't miss any of the action — keep clicking now.


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Here the expected return of the product conditional upon the occurence of extreme events whose probability of occurence is equal to 1% and 5%.
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In order for a student to be granted credit for a class, the student's name must appear on the official class roll. Students registered for a class must receive a grade for that class unless the class is deleted by the college or dropped by the student. The phrases listed and explained below refer to important elements of the registration process and the status of a registered student:
Late Enrollment – Timely registration for (or enrollment in) a GSCC class means that the student must complete the registration process before the enrollment deadline, which is widely publicized by the College.
Non-Payment of Fees – Students who owe a debt or fee to the college will not be permitted to register until the obligation is satisfied.
Prerequisites and Co-requisites – Prerequisites are other courses or competencies that must be completed or attained before registering for some courses. Co-requisites refer to other courses that the student must be experiencing simultaneously with the course in question.
Course Load – The student course load for a full-time student at Gadsden State Community College is 12 to 19 credit hours per semester. Credit hours above 19 semester hours constitute a student overload. The Dean of Instructional Services must approve a student overload. No student will be approved for more than 24 semester credit hours in any one semester or term for any reason.
Independent Study – Regularly enrolled students may, during the two semesters immediately preceding graduation from GSCC, participate in two independent study courses, one each semester. This privilege is available to those students who have been unable to schedule the required course(s) in any other manner. Students must consult with counselors or advisers prior to registration for an independent study
course. Independent study requires the written approval of both the administrator of the academic area involved and the course instructor.
Schedule Change – After registering for classes, students may make changes in their schedule by adding and/or dropping classes so long as these changes are requested on the proper form(s) before the deadline for add/drop. Completed add/drop form(s) must be received in the Records Office for processing.


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Six Speed Biz Cards - Crushed AND Burned
Six Speed sent us this design for custom letterpress business cards. They are a specialized events marketing company here in Minneapolis. And what could be a better business card job really - crushing AND burning all on the same press sheet. The cards were letterpress printed on 200lb Eclipse Black Wausau with silver ink, then the press sheet was laser cut. The laser cutting was used due to the complexity of the cutting die and the size of the print run. Laser cutting does a really nice job, especially on darker stocks were the edge burn is less evident. With lighter colored and white stocks, a mask is sometimes sometimes required to prevent burning marks on the face of the sheet.


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Acronova Technology, a manufacturer of CD and DVD duplicators, has release the QQboxx, an enhanced CD and DVD duplication software suite for its portable-size, USB connected, automated CD/DVD burner, DupliQ. The QQboxx is packed with auto-loader support and several feature-rich duplication features that were previously found only among expensive professional automated duplicating systems.
"The QQboxx works seamlessly with DupliQ to provide automated disc-reading and -writing features for Disc-to-Disc, Image-to-Disc, Disc-to-Image and Data-to-Disc applications. The user-friendly interface offers a step-by-step graphical display to enhance and simplify the user experience. By only a few clicks at your computer, through the USB 2.0 port the DupliQ connected to it can automatically Copy, Emulate, Quick Erase, Copy and Verify, Emulate and Copy, Emulate plus Copy and Verify discs at your wish," said Ming Liu, CEO of Acronova Technology.
"The intelligent Interleave Copy and Batch Copy of QQboxx will instruct DupliQ to one-by-one pick up discs from the storage bin, feed it to the CD and DVD recorder, read or write it, and so on, until all the discs are treated. For users who need to make one or more copies of several master discs, the Interleave Copy and Batch Copy features can effectively reduce the number of man hours and eliminate human errors," said Wesley Lin, assistant sales manager of Acronova Technology.
With its patent-pending design, DupliQ is equipped with a 25-disc storage bin for stacking the master and blank discs. Users may load the storage bin with 120mm, 80 mm and business-card discs of CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, and DVD+RW formats. QQboxx supports the reading and writing of following disc format: Data CD (Mode1 and 2), CD-DA (Audio CD), Video CD, Super Video CD, UDF, ISO9660, CD Extra, Photo CD, DVD Data, and DVD Video.
QQboxx for Windows XP/2000 is immediately available for bundling shipment with DupliQ automated CD and DVD recording system at an MSRP of $699 and $799 (for CD and DVD, individually). The DVD version reads and writes both CD and DVD, while the CD version works with only CD.


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The Banking and Finance vertical market group (VMG) includes a verity of for-profit banks, credit unions, insurance companies, investors and other financial vertical business segments or non-profit organizations listed here.
- National, Regional and Local Banks
- Regional and Local Credit Unions
- Mortgage Companies
- Consumer Loan Companies and Agencies
- Commercial Lending Companies
- Financial Planners
- Insurance Companies
- Insurance Agents
- Accountants and Book Keepers
- Tax Preparers
Listed below are just a few of the key banking and finance vertical market solutions and benefit suites offered by ComNet Solutions through its flagship products. Although there are some differences in the way specific features work and interact within the Mitel and the Toshiba systems, they basically offer a similar suite of standard and optional solutions designed to drive these mission critical business imperatives for all types and sizes of banks, credit unions, insurance companies and other financial institution business segments.
Reliability Solutions Portfolio – The Imperative to Sustain Business Continuity
Industry leading manufacturer through local authorized (certified) dealer – ComNet Solutions
- Leading-edge system component manufacturing, quality control, extended MTBF, standard one year warranty with managed services or optional extended warranty
- Enterprise level server hardware no moving parts or heat reliability with dedicated or optional virtual (ISS) communication system software and optional applications
- Virtually bullet proof Lynux (Mitel) or Windows (Toshiba) operating system, optional software assurance and stable, native applications from a proven, global leading manufacturer
- Standard or traditional level of performance (operation) with survivable remote locations
- Optional mission critical fail-safe (redundant) performance with battery backup
- Serviceability suite with scheduled or on-demand system monitor, alarms, reporting, external and internal alerts, remote (web) diagnostics with recovery, hot swap hardware and live (online) software upgrades and programming
- System and network design, certified installation and lifecycle managed services options
Flexibility Solutions Portfolio – The Imperative to Scale with the Business
Respond to current business situation (start-up, growth or recovery), scale with the business, keep pace with marketplace demands and meet customer expectations. Integrate with information technologies and align with the business to drive performance.
- Scalable digital platform designed for flexibility in deployment, initial design, to adapt, to grow with investment protection lifeline migration path
- DIY initial installation configurator and ongoing administration or certified ComNet implementation and optional managed services
- On-site or remote system administration, live programming modifications and hardware upgrades
- Cost-effective station/user phone match, flexible feature assignment, personal user settings and programmable telephone keys, full-duplex speaker phones and wireless conference room stations available
- Mix and match analog, digital and IP phones to build on initial telephone cable investment, integrate with IT infrastructure and/or migrate on-demand
- Seamless access, transparent answering and common features for home based or remote employees and multiple location networks
Business Performance Solutions Portfolio – The Imperative to Drive Front-office, Revenue and Service Center Performance with Top-line Impact
Enhance incoming caller access, service and compete aggressively through positive customer experiences. Objectives include driving customer acquisition, sales, revenue, profit, and improving productivity and service.
- Research, marketing campaigns, sales, and service multimedia contact (call) centers (ACD)
- Information and communications security suite to include encryption and other industry specific privacy regulation compliance capabilities
- Virtual trunking, direct in lines, priority routing, flexible call answering, camp-on with routing and ring-back options and other inbound call management capabilities
- Call handling suite through attendant consoles, direct station selection/BLF, caller ID, automated attendant and flexible interactive voice response
- Inbound and outbound call detail capture, reporting and automated or on-demand system wide or individual station voice call recording with warning
- Personnel locater suite through phone, zone and all page, page park with flexible pick-up and hands-free voice announce and calling
- Multiple tenant service with flexible numbering, system and station feature allocation and other potential revenue stream capabilities
- Internal and external emergency (security) alarms, stations and first responder notification
- Station user and customer conference and collaboration anywhere, anytime (personal email) with optional multimedia conferencing
- Automated appointment scheduling, customer notifications (alerts), promotions and appointment confirmations through virtual voice mail boxes
- Customer experience suite with music (file based), recorded announcement, event notifications, caller options and other on-hold applications
- Inbound call routing suite through scheduled or on-demand time-based, skills-based and other flexible call routing capabilities
- Variable night modes with caller routing and station ringing or forward options
Business Operations Solutions Portfolio – The Imperative to Manage Back-office, Cost and Production Center Resources with Bottom-line Impact
Improve overall office efficiency and information and communications flow. Objectives include prevent costs, reduce, control expenses while increasing efficiency and production quality
- Customer support, appointment, collection, feedback, help-desk and other back-office multimedia contact (call) centers (ACD)
- Automated staff scheduling, shift notification, promotions and other announcements through virtual voice mail boxes or dedicated phone numbers or direct in departmental access
- Call coverage suite with simultaneous or sequential ringing, ringing phone pick-up, flexible call forward, queuing, routing, distinctive ringing and flexible transfer with ring-back
- Cost effective trunking, station set allocation, feature access, line access and toll restriction to reduce operating costs
- Employee productivity management suite to eliminate inter-office calling charges, least cost routing, toll restriction, feature access and dialing limitations to reduce costs
- Flexible account codes for customer bill back or department cost allocation
- Optional relay service for door lock, door intercom and alternative ringers/bells or chimes
Productivity Solutions Portfolio – The Imperative to Boost Employee Contribution
Increase individual premise, remote, home based or mobile employee productivity and contribution. Support executive level planning, negotiating, decision making, problem solving, organizational leadership and resource management.
- Executive productivity suite including personal numbers, follow-me, find-me flexible call routing, secretary/boss integration, conferencing, station camp-on/barge-in, speed-dial, last number redial, message waiting, call log and other executive capabilities.
- Handset, full-duplex speakerphone or flexible wired or wireless head-set operation, background music through phone and other applicable station accessories
- On-demand or scheduled staff (employee) voice, video, FAX, text or web or email collaboration, unified messaging and personal (in/out/busy) LED status indication
- Personal productivity suite through calendar, contact list, voice mail, email (Outlook), CRM systems and other business and personal device synchronization capabilities
- Flexible remote location hot desking, alternate phone log-in, dynamic extensions and personal mobility through (Apple/Android) smartphone interface and optional softphone laptop and tablet connectivity
- Instant and unified voice/email messaging (Voice to text/text to voice) and personal or virtual voice mail boxes
- Digital stylish and easy to use endpoints (phones) with handset or headset operation, programmable feature keys, digital display, voice prompts for ease of use
- Ethernet pass-through, system level OAI, station level CTI and other vertical market group (third-party) computer integration applications
Maximize Your Investment
Most of today's sophisticated software controlled systems have over 400 standard or optional features while most businesses only use an average of 10 to 12 on a daily basis. It is important to maximizing your system investment by converting relevant features into direct or indirect benefit, measureable impact and overall value to your specific business by aligning the system hardware and software configuration, feature allocation, programming and network access to the workplace (environment), the workforce (employees), the customers (callers) and the business goals and objectives. Partnering with a company like ComNet Solutions that embraces this maximize your investment strategy through its customer lifecycle experience commitments can be just as important decision criteria as the system itself.


text: Monumental Sports & Entertainment Etihad Airways is the Official Airline of Monumental Sports & Entertainment, the ownership group of the NBA's Washington Wizards, NHL's Washington Capitals and WNBA's Washington Mystics. The partnership also sees Etihad serve as a partner of the Capital One Arena, supported by the state-of-the-art Etihad Airways Lounge. Together, Etihad and Monumental Sports are creating unique access, experiences and content for both sports fans and travelers from the Washington, D.C. area.


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ICS Value, February 2019 = 4606 (Base = 1000, March 2011)
The Index of Cyber Security is a measure of risk. A higher index value indicates a perception of increasing risk, while a lower index value indicates the opposite.
Introduction - February 2019
The Index of Cyber Security rose by 0.4% over the previous month.
Key findings
The fastest rising risks for the month were as follows:
- Weapons: Phishing/social engineering +2.8%.
- Effect desired: Data theft +2.5%.
- Weapons: Customized to target +1.6%.
Most risk indicators were up when compared to the previous month.
Detailed report
As before, in the coming days, we will share with our respondents the detailed report from this survey, outlining each of the component sub-indices that constitute the aggregate index. We continue to expand our respondent base each month and are looking for qualified referrals to security practitioners. If you would like to participate in this project, or know of someone who might be a valuable contributor to this effort, please do let us know. Our contact information is available under the 'Contacts' tab on this website.


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Uncover Competitors Using Multiple Sites For Multiple First Page RankingsBlog Post: January 10, 2012
This is frustrating, we have a competitor with three websites in the top ten of our most important keyword phrase and one more sat in position 11. This is replicated across multiple phrases. The sites look very different but are hosted on the same IP addresses and the contact us, company registration and thank you pages direct to the same company!
We reported it to Google, in the same way we did their paid links, bought Facebook, Twitter and G+ fans but never any action tool. Best to report these things and move on as usual!


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Talk about club nights, or club get tog ethers like a bowling night / go-karting etc..
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While ballons and streamers add festivity to an occasion like Eid, almost nothing does the job better than a large and attractive banner announcing "Eid Mubarak!"
That's what this product is for. In bright yellow, white, and green colors on a purple, glossy backgound, viewers are greeted with "Eid Mubarak" in Arabic and English.
A must have for that Eid party celebration in your home, full-time or weekend Islamic school or Muslim organization!
Size 12"X48"


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The Lansing Community College Police, Public Safety and Parking Department operates the Campus Crime Stoppers program to assist in providing a safe and secure campus environment for students, staff, faculty and visitors. The program supports and complements other efforts to prevent, reduce and investigate crime. Campus Crime Stoppers provides a means by which a person can report information on criminal activity anonymously.
How It Works
If you have information about a crime that has occurred or will occur on the campus of Lansing Community College. You can either call (517)483-1800 to report your information to a dispatcher 24 hours a day or email Campus Crime Stoppers at firstname.lastname@example.com. You do not have to give your name.
Police, Public Safety and Parking
Gannon Bldg, Room 2110
Phone: (517) 483-1800
Additional contact information »


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Light on Fort Liedot (France)
Ile d'Aix (Region Poitou- Charentes)
25 august- 15 september 2008
Fort Liedot forms part of the Arsenal de Rochefort et fortifications de l'estuaire de la Charente (World Heritage Tentative List as cultural site, 2002).
The site is in need for regular restoratiions and installations. The work camp will continue works of the restoration in the parhs of th stronghold, by deposing and reposing the degraded parts of it.
The work camp combines the restoration activities with the organisation of a cultural event as well as workshops and debates on intercultural learning and the concept of World Heritage. Exchanges and activities involving the local population and local young people are foreseen.
- Help raise awareness about World Heritage, intercultural exchange and the traditional manual tasks and handicrafts of the community
- Contribute to restoration efforts of Fort Liedot
- Contribute positively to the people and the village of Aix Island
- Promote the concept of World Heritage and the impact that could have to local life as well as to the life of the monument
Organisation responsible for the project
Solidarités Jeunesses et Solidarités Jeunesses Poitou-Charentes
Local partners
Region Poitou-Charentes, Conseil Général de Charente-Maritime
National partners
Ministry of Youth and Sports


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YourKit .NET Profiler - Floating License - 5x Pack, 1yr Basic Support (#300227067)
Available payment options depend on your location. Please choose preferred payment option on the order form and follow further instructions. Orders are processed by our reseller Share-it - Digital River GmbH.
Buy Now
Q: Can I pay by credit or debit card?
A: Yes. Paying by credit card ensures
the fastest order processing. Share-it - Digital River GmbH accepts
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, JCB, and Diners Club credit cards, as well as Maestro debit cards issued in the UK.
Q: Can I pay by wire transfer?
A: Yes. You can always pay by wire transfer directly to YourKit. Please contact sales to obtain the quote with YourKit bank account details.
Our reseller Share-it - Digital River GmbH also offers the wire transfer payment option, but it is available in a number of countries only. To learn whether it is available in your country please open the order form and check available payment types in the "Payment Option" section located close to the bottom of the page.
Q: When will I receive my license information to be delivered by email?
A: You will receive the license information immediately with your order confirmation.
Q: How will I receive my invoice?
A: For orders paid by credit card or direct debit from your bank account (electronic debit or online wire transfer), Share-it - Digital River GmbH will issue an invoice immediately. In addition, you can view and print your order documents at any time after completing your order.
Q: My question is not listed here!
A: Please visit the complete FAQ or contact sales.


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The Centre for Critical Theory, University of Nottingham, UK
Sensing Change: a two day conference
27-28 March 2013
Keynote speakers:
Prof. Nigel Thrift (University of Warwick)
Prof. Kathleen Stewart (University of Texas at Austin)
Our perception of change and of changing times is, irreducibly, sensory; we often anticipate change wordlessly: with a sense of dread or excitement or world-weariness. We may also register change belatedly, aligning our senses with events retroactively. Social, political and cultural transitions thus communicate themselves as much through dispersed sensory experiences as they do via messages and cognitive processes. Such sensory experiences are diffuse and hard to attribute, constituting intensities, moods, rhythms, atmospheres, stutterings, disruptions, banalities and frustrations. We notice change, frequently, through subtle alterations to our environments that escape straightforward rational apprehensions. Social, political and cultural transformations, then, are felt as much as they are understood. This conference will seek to investigate the question 'what does it mean to live through change?' by foregrounding sensory approaches.
As pioneering studies in touch, smell, taste and sound, as well as vision, have made clear, the senses play a vital role in shaping the way we interact with and attune ourselves to cultural and social environments. Theories of sense experience have long placed the human sensorium at the heart of the story of modernity. The idea of sensory overload, bombardment and enervation has come to dominate accounts of the changes brought about by the experience of modern times. Yet accounts that differentiate the sensory experiences of modernity have been few and far between, at least until recently. The notion of a homogenous sensorium bludgeoned by modernity needs to be revisited, especially in the context of the changes now being wrought by digital technologies. Equally, our understanding of the postmodern age of networks, information economies and new media requires sensory analysis.
Sensing Change offers an opportunity to reconsider the role of the senses in the grand narratives of modernity and postmodernity and to elevate sensory approaches in investigating questions of social, political and cultural change. We encourage paper proposals which foreground histories and theories of change in their examination of sensory bodies and sensory environments. Papers are encouraged in, but certainly not limited to, the following areas:
• sensory dimensions of political change (the sensory experience of revolution, uprising and political struggle, or of changing political cultures)
• sensory experiences of war and conflict
• sensory change in urban environments (urbanisation, de-urbanisation, regeneration, degeneration; sonic ecologies, techniques of illumination)
• sensing community (population displacement, diaspora, changing community relations)
• sensory selfhoods (emotions, sexualities, embodiment, disability, sensory enhancement and impairment)
• sensory discipline (training the senses, governance)
• sensory architecture (acoustics, 'smart' environments and haptic technologies)
• sensory marketing (neuro-aesthetics; bio-sensory mapping and data collection)
• sensory consumption (food, craft, music)
• sensing environmental change (landscape interventions, climate change)
• the changing sensory environments of work
• the changing sensory environments of home
• the changing sensory experience of leisure
• the relationship between technology and sensory change
• personal/embodied change as sensory experience (health, illness, wellbeing, aging, growing)
We invite proposals for individual papers (duration: 20 minutes) as well as for panel sessions of up to 3 papers. Please submit an abstract of up to 500 words, detailing your project together with its title, your name, academic affiliation and contact details.
If you wish to propose a session, please provide a brief statement identifying how it will address the conference theme, plus a list of speakers and paper abstracts.
The final deadline for proposals for sessions and papers is 3rd December 2012.
For any further details please contact the conference organisers:
Dr James Mansell and Dr Tracey Potts at this email.


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Chinese authorities have ordered video streaming websites in the country to stop showing four popular American TV shows, including The Big Bang Theory and The Good Wife, senior staff from two sites said Sunday.
The move suggests government attention is intensifying on the online streaming industry, which is freer than state television and China's cinemas to show foreign productions and other content and has stretched the boundaries of what can be seen in the country.
A spokeswoman for a leading online video site, Youku, said it had received notification on Saturday not to show sitcom The Big Bang Theory, political and legal drama The Good Wife, crime drama NCIS and legal drama The Practice. The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television didn't give a reason for its order, said the spokeswoman, who couldn't be named because of company policy.
Calls to the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television rang unanswered Sunday.
A senior manager at another site, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue, said it received an order last week to "clean their website". The order, which was identical to ones sent to other companies, also listed a Chinese slapstick mini-series made by another site, Sohu, as having to be removed. Sohu did not immediately respond to a request for comment.