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Watch a movie on the ZiiO and stream audio wirelessly to the ZiiSound D5x or any Bluetooth speaker.
Play music or audio from any compatible Bluetooth device. Pairing can be done in just a matter of seconds.
The ZiiSound D5x can be easily configured in "Multi-channel" mode to play two distinct Left and Right channels, ideal for movies and stereo music.
The ZiiSound D5x can be easily configured in "Multi-channel" mode to play two distinct Left and Right channels, ideal for movies and stereo music.
With two distinct audio channels and a wireless subwoofer, enjoy your movie the way it's meant to be. Output to a HDTV via HDMI from the ZiiO for a more cinematic experience!
Simply link the ZiiSound DSx to your system to get realistic heart-thumping lows for all the explosions, especially in action-packed blockbuster movies.
Let's start off slow and steady. Keep the early birds to your party entertained with intimate, audiophile-quality music.
Stream music wirelessly from the pocket-sized, yet versatile Bluetooth-enabled ZEN X-Fi3.
This ZiiSound D5x will play exactly the same music as the first, allowing your guests at different parts of the room to enjoy the same music simultaneously.
In the aptly-named "Party" mode, both ZiiSound D5x speakers will play the same music in perfect synchrony. Note that we've shifted the first ZiiSound D5x (master unit) here.
Signify that your party has officially started by adding a ZiiSound DSx subwoofer to the mix. It churns out heart-thumping bass for your guests to dance to the rhythm.
Add up to three ZiiSound D5x wireless speakers and let them all play in perfect synchrony in "Party" mode.
Our artist's impression of how your guests will enjoy themselves and dance to the music all through the night (actual results may vary).
Stream music wirelessly from any compatible Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone to your WP-350 headphones via a Bluetooth connection.
Listen to music in comfort, without the tangle of wires. Link these headphones with any compatible Bluetooth-enabled stereo device, like mobile phones or MP3 players.
If it's linked to the WP-350, when a call comes in while your music is playing, it automatically pauses and lets you switch to answer your call.
It does more that just play music! Make full use of the "invisible mic" which lets you talk on your mobile phone and switch back to music after the call.
Log in to your favorite video chat service and catch up with family or friends, using the conveniently-located WP-350's "invisible mic".
Give your desktop PC a new lease of life with the Creative T12 Wireless 2.0 speaker system. Excellent aural dynamics are a given with this two-piece speaker system thanks to the high-performance, full-range drivers. It also features our award-winning Bluetooth solution, which lets you stream your favourite tunes wirelessly and seamlessly from any compatible stereo Bluetooth device such as a desktop PC, notebook or mobile phone. Also, indulge in fuller and richer music playback with the built-in BassFlex technology that extends the lower frequencies to enhance bass without the need for a subwoofer.
1 The BT-D5 is compatible with iPod touch (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation), iPod classic (this refers to the 6th generation iPod or later), iPod nano (3rd, 4th 5th and 6th generation - iPod nano 5th generation's radio feature not supported), iPhone, iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4.
See how simple it is to get the most out of your wireless devices with these illustrated step-by-step guides!
The ZEN X-Fi3 delivers the best wireless audio on-the-go through X-Fi audio restoration for music files, lossless music file support, and Bluetooth wireless connectivity.
Creative's flagship modular Bluetooth® speaker allows you to link up to two additional D5x units and a wireless DSx subwoofer.
It provides heart-thumping bass and is specifically designed to work wirelessly with the ZiiSound D5x or D3x speaker system.
An affordable modular Bluetooth speaker to which you can link up to two additional D3x units and a wireless DSx subwoofer.
The T6 Series II delivers high-quality wireless audio, giving you the most compelling experience for your movies, games and music that is sure to rock you out of your seat with its deep, tight bass!
These high-quality headphones, which come with an "invisible mic" and apt-X, connect wirelessly to compatible Bluetooth devices and mobile phones.
These Bluetooth headphones feature an "invisible mic" and apt-X, delivering high-quality wireless audio from compatible devices and mobile phones.
Suited for active lifestyles, this headset lets you enjoy wireless music and hands-free phone chats from compatible Bluetooth devices and mobile phones.
Connect Bluetooth devices to Creative wireless speakers
Add a subwoofer to your modular speaker wirelessly
Wirelessly add another modular speaker to the mix
Get the party started!
Shop at the Creative Store


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More +
|Director of Strength and Conditioning
Myles Cooper returned to UC San Diego in September of 2013 to serve as the Tritons' Director of Strength and Conditioning.
Just prior, Cooper was an assistant athletic performance coach at UCLA from 2011-13.
Cooper was hired as an assistant strength and conditioning coach at UCSD in July of 2010, where he worked until 2011 before departing for UCLA.
Prior to his first stint in La Jolla, Cooper spent six months as an intern at UCLA, where he worked with the Bruin football, women's volleyball and track and field programs.
Cooper served as a strength and conditioning intern at Marquette University before his time in Westwood. He worked with men's and women's cross country, men's and women's track and field, men's and women's tennis and women's basketball.
Cooper has also worked as an intern in the strength and conditioning department at the University of Utah and served as a conditioning coach at Park City High School in Park City, Utah.
From January 2008 to August 2009, he worked as a facility manager at The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) in Murray, Utah, and has also spent time with the Utah Snowbears of the American Basketball Association (ABA).
Cooper earned a bachelor's degree in athletic training from Weber State University in 2002 and went on to obtain his master's in exercise physiology with an emphasis in strength and conditioning from Baylor University in 2007. He is a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) and a member of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA).

subset: commoncrawl


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Joe Scott
The Flyers are as much a part of Philadelphia as cheesesteaks and Rocky. In 1967, however, when the club was trying to secure loans to build an arena and get its operations up and running, giving money away seemed like a better idea to area banks than investing in a fledgling hockey franchise. Without Joe Scott's business acumen and reputation, the Flyers might have become just another footnote in the city's then dismal hockey history.
Prior to joining the Flyers, Joe Scott was a highly successful businessman, having founded and built Scott & Grauer into the largest beer distributorship in the world. Scott met Ed Snider, then a Vice President with the Philadelphia Eagles, during an advertising campaign with the club in the mid-1960s. It would prove to be more than a chance encounter. Soon thereafter, at age 58, Scott sold his interests in the distributorship and moved with his wife to Florida for a relaxing retirement.
As retirement was beginning to bore Scott, Snider was looking for another investor for the Flyers. The Flyers' founder called Scott, who was intrigued by the offer. A long-time supporter of amateur athletics, Scott also was a regular at Rambler games, a minor league hockey team that once called Philadelphia home. In 1964, he nearly bought the club. Scott had already balked at Snider's offer several months earlier. This time, however, the plan was to have three owners--Snider (60%), Bill Putnam (25%), and Scott (15%). The former beer distributor magnate agreed to come on board.
Scott was more than a minority investor. The Flyers needed a Philadelphian with a solid reputation in the business community. Scott, Snider hoped, was the savior no bank could turn away. That faith was tested through six loan rejections. The Flyers didn't expect their luck to change with number seven--conservative Girard Bank. Girard's president and vice president, however, were Harvard graduates who had been exposed to hockey in Boston. It was a tough sell, but the bank extended the Flyers a $1.5 million loan, ensuring that a team would be on the ice in the fall of 1967.
With at least one season assured, Scott put his energy in selling season tickets. He recruited college students to cold call people and corporations announcing the Flyers were in town. Scott devised ticket plan options to create a strong fan base. He made personal visits to practically every corporation he'd ever conducted business with. Scott also maneuvered the Flyers into the merchandising market, selling everything from pennants to pencils to pucks. While other teams struggled at the gate, the Flyers developed into a major attraction.
Scott has seen it all with the Flyers. Not surprisingly, his fondest memories recall the Stanley Cup years of 1974 and 1975. "One thing that stands out in my mind is Fred Shero," he said. "The type of man he was and the psychology he used on young players. Another thing that stands out is Bobby Clarke, being the leader of the team, maintaining the equilibrium of the team. Those two men stand out in my mind."
In 1984, Scott sold his interest to Snider but maintained the title of Chairman of the Board, Emeritus. In April 1993, he was inducted into the Flyers Hall of Fame.


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Back seats! Totally overrated, am I right? No one wants to sit there. Half the time, no one's even back there at all. So if you have a balls-out performance car like the Nissan GT-R, why even have them at all?
Perhaps recognizing that literally no one ever takes their kids to school in a GT-R, Nissan has unveiled the "Track Edition" GT-R at the Chicago Auto Show today.
Power stays the same on the Track Edition at an extremely respectable 545 horsepower. But it loses its rear seats in favor of "a lightweight quilted cloth mat," according to Nissan. A quilted cloth mat! Doesn't that sound nice?
In addition to the weight savings you get from losing the rear seat, there's also a specially tuned suspension, special brake cooling guides, a front spoiler with carbon fiber air ducts, a dry carbon fiber rear spoiler and RAYS wheels with Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT run-flat tires.
All that in exchange for a back seat? Sounds like a good deal to me.


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Tutukaka for Surf, Diving, & Big Game Fishing
Take the road from Whangarei to the sheltered natural harbour of Tutukaka and the beautiful beaches beyond.
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Tutukaka is the gateway to great diving, snorkelling and kayaking experiences at the famous Poor Knights Islands - a wildlife marine reserve above the water and a marine reserve below
Enjoy a relaxed boat ride out to Rikoriko - the worlds largest sea cave
Big game and line fishing trips depart from Tutukaka wharf
Sandy Bay is famous for its world class surfing
- Walk to beautiful Whale Bay - the track begins just north of Matapouri
National Geographic Traveler magazine rated the Tutukaka Coast as the second best coastal destination in the world in it's November 2011 issue - sharing second place with the Pembrokeshire Coast in UK.
Artículo de
Perfect Day Ocean Cruise
A relaxing cruise to the Poor Knights Islands, and a day to remember for the rest of your life. Pass through giant arches, the world's largest sea cave, view prolific wildlife, natural and Maori history, snorkel & kayak. Good food, friendly crew.


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SOMETIMES THE SMALLEST THINGS TAKE UP THE MOST ROOM-Quote Decal
[Default Colors] (Please see our color chart image and write us a note of your color choice during checkout.)
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- High quality self-adhesive removable materials. Create hand paint effect on your wall!
- FREE practice sample and squeegee with every order!
- This product can be applied on the smooth and clean surface (walls, glass, doors etc).
- Do not use on textured walls (orange, sandy and grainy), fresh paint (less than 14 days) and low VOC (Volatile organic compound) paint.
- Add a festive life and personality to any space! Instantly decorate and transform any room!
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This recipe was shared with Amanda Hesser, author and former food writer for The New York Times, by Maria, an expatriate Portuguese cook living in France. I've received countless requests for this simple delight, the centerpiece of many Portuguese childhoods. Thanks to Amanda, here it is. Bom appetite.–David Leite
LC Hints From Amanda Hesser Note
In her cookbook, Amanda Hesser shared some advice about making and using this jelly that we wanted to pass along. If you have more or less tomatoes than the recipe calls for, don't pout (our words, not hers). Using the proportions below, you can figure out how much sugar and water you need. She goes on to mention that in a restaurant she once experienced "tomato jelly spread on peppered flatbread with a baked goat-cheese crottin. It was a surprisingly good combination—sweet, tart, peppery." Can't say as we'd argue. David adds (you know David, he always has to have a say in things) that you can slather it on toast, biscuits, and the like.
Portuguese Tomato Jelly
- Quick Glance
- Makes 4 1/2 pints
- 1 quart tomato juice (about 6 1/2 pounds tomatoes should yield 1 quart juice—do not use canned)
- 3 cups granulated sugar
- 1 cup water
- 1. Purée the tomatoes in a food processor, working in batches if necessary. Pass the pulp through a sieve, pressing with the rounded side of a ladle or a wooden spoon to extract as much juice as possible. Measure out 1 quart (4 cups) juice.
- 2. In a pot twice the volume, heat the sugar and water, dissolving the sugar to make a syrup, and bring the syrup to a boil. Boil to string stage (240°F/115°C on a jelly thermometer). You can test this by using a spoon to drop a little syrup in ice water. Dip your fingers in the ice water and take a small bit of syrup off the spoon. Quickly press it between your index finger and thumb, then pull them apart. If a thread of sugar, or ficelle, as Maria calls it, forms, the sugar is ready. (Maria simply licked her thick fingers, stuck them in the hot sugar, tested for the ficelles, and then smacked her fingers against her thigh—to kill the pain, I suppose. I wouldn't recommend this method.)
- 3. When the sugar reaches 240°F (115°C), take the pot off the heat, pour in the tomato juice and stir quickly to dissolve the sugar lumps that form. Return the pot to the stove and keep stirring with the pot over high heat, until it reaches jell stage (220°F/105°C), 20 to 25 minutes. Do pay careful attention because this jelly will rise up in the pot and will need constant knocking down by stirring with a wooden spoon. As it cooks, the syrup progresses from a pale peachy color to a russet red. As time passes the color darkens more rapidly, turning this russet red just at jell point. Nearing this crucial point, you will also begin to hear the snap and crackle of air bubbles breaking at the surface and popping against the thick syrup. This means you're almost there. If you wish to test the jell point, pull the pot off the heat and spoon a little jelly onto a plate to see if it sets up in a minute or two.
- 4. When the jelly is ready, pour it into sterilized jars. The jelly, curiously, does not set up clear like other jellies but is a solid red dotted with a fine-grained texture. As a result, pouring it into jars rather than ladling will not change its finished appearance. Process the jars in a boiling-water bath for 10 minutes.
Recipe Testers Reviews
If you make this recipe, snap a photo and hashtag it #LeitesCulinaria. We'd love to see your creations on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.


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What are Disparities?
Some communities are affected more severely (disparately impacted) by diabetes but do not receive a commensurate share of diabetes research, treatment and education.
These communities include:
- Latinos/Hispanics (English)
- Latinos/Hispanics (Spanish)
- African Americans
- Asian Americans
- Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders
- American Indian/Alaskan Natives.
In addition, racial and ethnic minority populations have a higher risk of complications of diabetes, such as lower limb amputations, retinopathy and kidney failure, than non-Hispanic Whites.
For these reasons, the American Diabetes Association has prioritized the elimination of disparities by placing disparities prominently in our 2011-2015 strategic plan and 2014 legislative priorities.
How We are Advocating for Health Equity
- Promoting Health Equity with increased diabetes research, treatment and education in minority populations.
- Access to Health Insurance that is affordable and provides access to the tools to prevent and manage diabetes and its complications. This includes the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which includes many provisions designed to promote health equity. Find out more about the Updates to Health Insurance and Health Insurance Marketplaces.
- Funding for Diabetes Research and Programs including increasing the overall government commitment to stopping diabetes.
- State legislation to break down barriers such as healthcare access, affordability and diabetes discrimination issues. Click here to find information about efforts in your state.
- Ending Discrimination people with diabetes face at school, work and elsewhere in their lives. Click here to find out more.
The American Diabetes Association also supports education and awareness programming in Hispanic/Latino, African American, Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaskan Native populations.
- See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/advocacy/advocacy-priorities/health-disparities.html#sthash.2UnInBZR.dpuf


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South African Journal of Science
versão On-line ISSN 1996-7489
versão impressa ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.107 no.9-10 Pretoria Out. 2011
Accurate measurement of microscopic forces and torques using optical tweezers
Melanie McLarenI; Elias Sidderas-HaddadII; Andrew ForbesI,III
INational Laser Centre, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
IISchool of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
IIISchool of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
It is now well known that matter may be trapped by optical fields with high intensity gradients. Once trapped, it is then possible to manipulate microscopic particles using such optical fields, in so-called optical tweezers. Such optical trapping and tweezing systems have found widespread application across diverse fields in science, from applied biology to fundamental physics. In this article we outline the design and construction of an optical trapping and tweezing system, and show how the resulting interaction of the laser light with microscopic particles may be understood in terms of the transfer of linear and angular momentum of light. We demonstrate experimentally the use of our optical tweezing configuration for the measurement of microscopic forces and torques. In particular, we make use of digital holography to create so-called vortex laser beams, capable of transferring orbital angular momentum to particles. The use of such novel laser beams in an optical trapping and tweezing set-up allows for the control of biological species at the single-cell level.
Microscopic forces are generally difficult to quantify as their effects are not experienced at the macro level. This difficulty places great limitations on fields such as cell biology and microfluidics, where much research is performed on the microscopic scale. Optical tweezing is an accurate and non-invasive method of measuring not only microscopic forces but also the torques experienced by microparticles, providing numerous applications within fields such as biology,1,2,3,4 microfluidics5,6 and aerosol dynamics.7
Ashkin and co-workers8 first demonstrated three-dimensional manipulations of microparticles using only laser light. An optical tweezer is formed by tightly focusing a laser beam through an objective lens of high numerical aperture onto a particle. The movement and trapping of the particles along the beam axis are explained by considering two forces generated from the reflection and refraction of rays.9 The two forces, the gradient force and the scattering force, are used to explain the dynamics of an optical trap. The scattering force is governed by the reflection of light incident on a particle and is also referred to as radiation pressure. The incident light reflects off the particle and exerts a force per unit area on the particle. Thus the scattering force pushes particles along the direction of light propagation. The gradient force, however, acts in the direction of the spatial intensity gradient, both laterally and axially. In order to obtain a stable three-dimensional trap, the gradient force in the axial direction must be greater than the scattering force, so as to overcome the radiation pressure. This requires a very steep intensity gradient, which is achieved by sharply focusing the laser beam on to a diffraction-limited spot by using an objective of high numerical aperture.
This article outlines the experimental set-up of an optical tweezer and how it can be utilised in measuring microscopic forces. By trapping particles using laser beams that carry angular momentum, optical tweezers may be used to not only demonstrate the rotation of particles, but also to measure the torque applied to the particles.
Linear and angular momentum
To visualise the forces involved in tweezing, consider the case where the particle size (a) is much larger than the wavelength (λ), a >> λ; the conditions for Mie scattering are satisfied and simple ray optics are used to calculate the forces involved in trapping. The gradient force can be explained in terms of conservation of momentum. As light is refracted through a transparent particle, there is a change in its direction and therefore a change in its momentum. According to Newton's third law of motion, the particle must undergo an equal and opposite change in momentum. The force that is experienced by the particle is simply the rate of change of the momentum, which is proportional to the intensity gradient of the beam. If the index of refraction of the particle is greater than that of the surrounding medium, the force as a result of refraction acts in the direction of the intensity gradient (Figure 1). For a particle with a refractive index lower than that of the medium, the force acts in the opposite direction of the intensity gradient and tweezing is not achieved. An equivalent argument can be made for the case where a << λ, and one finds similar conclusions.10,11
Once a particle is trapped in three dimensions by the tweezer, it ca n be manipulated either by moving the laser beam with a steering mirror, thereby moving the particle, or by moving the surrounding untrapped particles by moving the sample stage. Repositioning the surrounding untrapped particles is a useful technique to determine the strength of the optical trap.
There are several different methods available to determine the strength of the trap. The choice of method depends on the availability of equipment and the degree of accuracy required. The following two methods were chosen based on availability of equipment, and both can be repeated easily without specialised equipment.
The first method makes use of the equipartition theorem to infer the strength of the trap. The energy equipartition theorem states that energy supplied by our thermal bath (the trapping environment) will be distributed equally across all degrees of freedom, each assigned a portion equal to 1/2 kBT, where kB is Boltzmann's constant and T is the equilibrium temperature of the bath. A particle held at some distance away from the focus of a trapping laser experiences an attractive force towards the focus. This restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium of the bead, that is, the trapping force of an optical tweezer can be thought of as an harmonic oscillator. According to Hooke's law:
F is the applied force, α is a constant referred to as the trap stiffness and x is the displacement. For an undamped system (i.e. a vacuum), an oscillator would have a resonant frequency of:
For a typical single cell, the frequency is thus fres = 50 kHz. However, most optical trapping and tweezing of biological samples is not performed in a vacuum, but within an aqueous solution in order to keep the cell alive, resulting in a drag constant given by: β = 6πRη, where R is the radius of the particle and η is the viscosity of the solution. This damping, together with the stiffness of the trap, results in what is termed an 'over-damped system'. The bombardment of molecules of the surrounding medium results in a variance in displacement, <x2>, of the trapped bead, which can be calculated from the equipartition of energy,
Experimentally, the only measurement needed is the centroid position of the trapped particle over some period of time in order to calculate the variance in the ensemble. By varying the power of the beam, we are changing the strength of the trap and therefore expect to see a change in the variance. From Hooke's law, the proportionality of the trap stiffness, α, and the force of the trap are clear. Therefore, from [Eqn 3], the variance of the particle's position must be inversely proportional to the force of the trap.
From the equipartition of energy theorem, we may infer the probability distribution of finding the trapped particle at a particular displacement, and this is given by the Boltzmann's distribution:
where U(x) is the potential energy and kBT is the thermal energy. As the gradient force is assumed to be a conservative force12 (e.g. [Eqn 1]), the potential energy is the energy resulting from an object's position when it is acted on by a conservative force, and hence a potential energy distribution is expected, as given by [Eqn 4].
The second method takes into account that samples are predominantly viewed within a solution, and therefore any movement of a particle within the solution (fluid) will experience a drag force in the opposite direction of motion. The drag force, a force equivalent to friction, experienced by a particle in a fluid is given by:
where η is the viscosity of the fluid, R is the radius of the particle and v is the velocity of the fluid. This equation can be used to determine the trapping force by calculating the drag force that causes the particle to be released from the trap. That is, the velocity at which the particle escapes the 'hold' of the trap determines the drag force, which in turn determines the trapping force:
where vc is the velocity of the fluid at which the particle escapes the trapping force.
Thus far, the forces discussed arise as a result of the transfer of linear momentum from the laser beam to the particle to be trapped. However, light may also transfer angular momentum to the particle. Additional trapping aspects can be attained by considering both the spin and orbital components of angular momentum. Spin angular momentum is associated with the polarisation state of light, whereas orbital angular momentum is related to the azimuthal phase of the light.
When polarised light passes through a birefringent material its polarisation changes. If the incoming light is left or right circularly polarised, and thereby carries spin angular momentum, then there will also be a change in its spin angular momentum, resulting in a torque on the material, causing it to rotate.13,14 Light carries a spin angular momentum of σħ per photon, where σ = 0 for linearly polarised light and σ = ±1 for circularly polarised light, with the sign determined by the handedness of the polarisation (left or right). As light passes through a birefringent half-wave plate, the handedness of polarisation, and as a result angular momentum, is reversed. Each photon then transfers 2ħ (because the momentum of the photons changes from +ħ to -ħ, or 2ħ) of angular momentum to the plate, thereby exerting a torque on the plate. Friese et al.15 demonstrated the transfer of spin angular momentum from a circularly polarised light beam to birefringent particles. As light passes through the particles, the ordinary and extraordinary components of the incoming light experience different phase shifts, resulting in a change in the angular momentum of the light. By comparing the angular momentum of the beam before entering and after exiting the trapped particle, the amount of spin angular momentum transferred to the particle can be calculated. The change in angular momentum generates a torque exerted on the particle, which has been previously measured by others.15,16
The other component of angular momentum of light, orbital angular momentum, is carried by beams with 'twisted' or helical wavefronts, unlike plane waves. Laguerre-Gauss beams fall into the category of beams known as vortex beams.
In 1992, Allen et al.17 showed that a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser mode has a well-defined orbital angular momentum. The modes are commonly denoted by two indices: l is the number of 2π cycles in phase around the circumference, known as the azimuthal mode index, and (p + 1) is the number of radial nodes. The amplitude of the LG mode has an azimuthal angular dependence of exp(-ilφ). The LG modes are thought of as the eigenmodes of the angular momentum operator Lz17, and so, carry an orbital angular momentum of lħ per photon, where l is any integer. Allen et al.17 presented a method to measure the angular momentum of a beam by measuring the torque acting on suspended cylindrical lenses as a result of the reversal of helicity of a LG beam, a similar experiment to that performed by Beth13. However, the first demonstration of the transfer of orbital angular momentum from a linearly polarised LG beam to absorbing particles was shown by He et al.18 by making use of an optical trapping set-up. As the beam was linearly polarised with σ = 0, the rotation of the trapped particles caused by the transfer of angular momentum demonstrated the transfer of orbital angular momentum.
When measuring the torques experienced by the particles as a result of the transfer of angular momentum, a similar drag force method is used, which can be applied to both components of angular momentum. As previously stated, birefringent materials in general cause the polarisation to change and correspondingly, the angular momentum of the beam changes. The torque is equal to the change in angular momentum flux, given by
where σin and σout denote the incident and outgoing polarisation coefficients, respectively, P is the total power carried by the laser to the particle and ν is the frequency of the light. In a viscous medium, a drag torque, τD = DΩ, is present, which at equilibrium will balance the exerted torque, where D is the drag coefficient and Ω is the angular frequency of rotation. For a sphere rotating in a medium of low Reynolds number, the drag torque is given by
where µ is the viscosity of the medium and a is the radius of the sphere. As the exerted and drag torques are balanced, they can be equated to solve for any of the parameters which are unknown. For example, the viscosity of the medium is not always known or the medium itself is unknown, and so equating [Eqn 7] and [Eqn 8] gives
Using the aforementioned optical tweezing methods, we are able to demonstrate the transfer of both linear and angular momentum of light to microscopic particles and, in turn, to quantify the forces and torques experienced on the microscopic level.
Measuring microscopic forces and torques
The experimental design and set-up of the optical tweezer (Figure 2) was based on set-ups presented in previous reviews.19,20,21 The beam was expanded through a 3x telescope, f1 = 30 mm and f2 = 100 mm, before it was reflected off the dichroic mirror onto the back aperture of the 100x objective lens. The dichroic mirror transmits light between 455 nm and 650 nm, allowing the laser light (λ = 660 nm) to be reflected, whilst transmitting light from the white light LED illumination source. A 100x objective (model LA-MA-OB-EAB100, LOMO Inc., USA) with a numerical aperture of 1.25, working distance of 0.17 mm, tube length of 160 mm and oil immersion was used. A field lens of focal length f = 150 mm was placed 160 mm above the objective lens, directing the image onto the camera. A Scorpion IEEE-1394 camera (model SCOR-20SO, Spiricon Inc., USA) was used with a resolution of 1600 x 1200 pixels with a pixel size of 4.4 µm x 4.4 µm.
Silica beads with a mean diameter given as 4.32 µm and a refractive index of n = 1.44 (Bangs Laboratory Inc., USA) were placed in distilled water (refractive index of 1.33), at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The silica beads have a low absorption at the laser wavelength, and hence are ideal for studying the transfer of linear momentum, that is, refraction-only regimes.
In the first experiment to measure the forces as a result of the transfer of linear momentum, the centroid position of a trapped bead was recorded (over 100 frames of the camera) and the variance calculated. The power of the laser was varied using neutral density filters and the variance of the bead was calculated at each power. We expected an inversely proportional relationship between the beam power and the variance of the particle's position, because strongly trapped particles (high power) have less freedom to move than weakly trapped particles (low power), whereas we expected a linear relationship between the trap strength and the trap stiffness. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate these expected relationships between the trap strength (power of beam) and the variance of the particle position and trap stiffness, respectively.
For the lowest power, a value of 9.9 x 10-5 ± 5 x 10-6 N/m for the trap stiffness was obtained. The trends obtained are in agreement with theory, whilst the values are in the same range as that found previously.22
Using the same variance data as above, the distribution of bead positions can be plotted with a fitted curve using [Eqn 4], and is shown in Figure 5. The fitted curve allows the trap stiffness to be determined, where kB = 1.38 x 10-23 m2kg/s2K1 and T = 300 K. The trap stiffness at the lowest measured power was determined to be α = 8.7 x 10-5 N/m, which corresponded quite well with the value calculated at the same power using the variance method of α = 9.9 x 10-5 N/m. The potential energy curve was obtained from the position distribution and clearly shows a parabolic shape (Figure 6). A trapped particle will therefore remain trapped at its equilibrium position unless it gains enough energy to escape the potential well.
The second method, using the drag force acting on the bead, produced similar results. Once a bead was trapped, the stage was moved with increasing speed and the displacement of a reference bead, one that was stuck to the glass slide, was monitored. The displacement of the reference bead just as the trapped bead had escaped was then determined and, by using the time between each frame, the velocity was calculated. The frame rate of the camera was set at 15 frames/s, therefore the time difference (∆t) between consecutive frames was approximately 67 ms. The velocity of the fluid as the bead escaped was calculated using
From [Eqn 10], the escape velocity was calculated to be vc ≈ 36 µm/s, resulting in an escape force of FTrap ≈ 1.5 pN. This calculation was performed at a number of different incident powers, where neutral density filters were used to reduce the power of the beam. The actual power delivered to the trap was difficult to measure because of the fast divergence of the beam. Therefore relative power measurements were made by measuring the power before it entered the objective.
The maximum force acting on the bead for this particular method was calculated to be 5.2 ± 0.3 pN at a power of P = 100 mW, as shown in Figure 7. Improving the accuracy of this measurement is the subject of ongoing research in this field; for review see Neuman and Block20.
Measurement of the microscopic torques experienced by the particles required a few alterations to the original optical tweezer set-up. Linearly polarised lasers require a quarter-wave plate to be inserted into the set-up to change to circularly polarised light, and the silica beads in distilled water were replaced with calcite particles in ethanol. Calcite particles were chosen for their well-known birefringence. The frame rate of the camera was set to 15 frames/s, which allowed the time between the number of frames to be calculated. The angular speed at which the trapped particle rotated was calculated using
where Δθ is the change in angular position of the particle within time Δt. Figure 8 shows the particle rotating in an anticlockwise direction, with the time between each of the frames being ~1 s. It is clear that the particle rotated by an angle of 1.6 rad between each of the frames, therefore, according to [Eqn 11], ω = 1.6 ± 0.1 rad/s. The wave plate was then rotated by 90º, causing the polarisation to change handedness; the particle was seen to rotate but in a clockwise direction, as shown in Figure 9. The results in Figures 8 and 9 clearly illustrate the left-handedness and right-handedness of spin angular momentum. Again, the angular speed of rotation was calculated to be ω = 1.6 ± 0.1 rad/s, which is expected, as the direction of polarisation was the only variable to change. Using [Eqn 8], it is possible to calculate the torque exerted on the calcite particle. The viscosity of ethanol is µ = 1.1 × 10-3 Ns/m2, the radius of the particle is approximately a ~ 1 µm and the angular frequency of rotation is calculated as Ω = ω / 2π = 0.25 Hz. Using these values, a torque of = 8 x 10-21 ± 0.4 x 10-21 Nm was obtained.
The same calculations can be applied to particles rotating as a result of a transfer of orbital angular momentum. The experimental set-up, however, requires additional elements in order to produce LG beams. The most commonly used method involves a spatial light modulator, which allows beam shaping to be performed quickly and efficiently. Figure 10 shows the changes made to the experimental set-up, where a spatial light modulator has been introduced for the creation of the vortex beam. The vortex beam (a ring of light with a dark centre) was created by programming an azimuthal phase pattern onto the spatial light modulator in the form of a greyscale image, representing a phase change to the incoming beam from 0 (white) to 2π (black) in steps of 2π/255 (greyscale). An experimental image of the vortex beam is shown in Figure 11, together with the greyscale image that created it. In this particular experiment, graphite particles of non-uniform size were suspended in distilled water and exposed to a vortex beam of order l = 1. The particles were trapped in the dark centre of the beam and subsequently began to rotate in an anticlockwise direction (Figure 12). Using the same method as previously described, the angular speed was calculated to be approximately ≈ 3 rad/s, giving a rotational frequency of Ω = 0.5 Hz. A torque of τ = 1.2 x 10-20 ± 0.2 x 10-20 Nm was calculated.
Discussion and conclusion
We have outlined the basic principles of an optical trapping and tweezing system, and shown how the system may be characterised through the measurement of microscopic forces and torques. These results are a prerequisite for a number of applications, particularly in biology and chemistry, which require precise and accurate control (movement, placement, etc.) at the microscopic scale. Thus, whilst this article has concentrated on the method of optical trapping and tweezing, and the careful characterisation of the forces and torques involved at the microscopic level, it would be remiss of us not to comment on the vast applications of such a technique.
The continuous development of optical tweezers over the past 30 years has resulted in immense interest within a number of different research fields. In particular, the non-invasive quality of optical tweezers (with the ability to manipulate biological cells in a controlled manner without harming the cell) has attracted attention from those dealing with biological materials. In particular, the pico-Newton forces of optical tweezers allows the mechanical properties of molecular motors and biopolymers to be measured.1 Biological research also makes use of trapped beads (as we have done in this study) by attaching a biological structure to the trapped bead, thereby using the bead as a 'handle' of sorts for control by the laser beam, for example, in studying curvature-dependent interactions with associated proteins in long DNA strands.2 Optical tweezers have also been useful in stimulating neuronal growth3,4 and in sorting blood cells (red and white) based on their size difference.21
Another field of research that is gaining a great deal of attention is microfluidics.5 A microfluidic system often refers to a channel system where at least one dimension is on the order of micrometers. These systems are sometimes replicas of macroscale devices and therefore microfluidics is regularly termed 'lab-on-a-chip'. When working on such a small scale, certain properties alter, making some experiments easier to perform than at macroscopic scales. That is, at the microscopic scale, the surface-to-volume ratio increases considerably, causing the flows within the system to be almost laminar.5 Therefore two different solutions can flow next to one another without mixing for as long as a few minutes. Optical tweezing has been used to trap a particle in one flowing solution and move it across to the neighbouring solution for the purpose of examining the effects of various solutions on a particle.6 The technique is efficient and reversible, allowing particles to be moved from one solution to another and finally returning them to the original solution with ease.
The implementation of transferring angular momentum to particles within an optical trap has opened up a diverse range of applications within microfluidics: trapped spherical particles offer an effective method of determining unknown parameters of the fluid. As previously mentioned, by measuring the rotation frequency of a particle of known size and the change in polarisation, the viscosity of the fluid can be calculated. Similarly, the radius of the particle can be determined if the other parameters are known. The transfer of angular momentum within microfluidic channels has also been used to convert laminar flow to turbulent flow, for mixing, as well as to drive the flow in the channels. In one example, two spherical vaterite (CaCO3) particles, trapped next to each other, were rotated in opposite directions, thereby forming an optical micropump: a constant flow between the particles formed, forcing untrapped particles to follow the resulting flow.23 The transfer of angular momentum within an optical trap has also been used to drive microgears, where the light is a form of optical spanner.16,24
Optical trapping and tweezing has opened the way for all-optical control within microfluidic devices: from driving the flow and measuring the flow to manipulating trapped species within the devices. As such, optical trapping and tweezing is proving a versatile tool across many disciplines. We have thus outlined the basic steps needed to build and characterise such a device for the control of microscopic objects using the transfer of momentum of light.
1. Kuyper CL, Chui DT. Optical trapping: A versatile technique for biomanipulation. Appl Spectrosc. 2002;56:300A-312A. doi:10.1366/00037020260377652 [ Links ]
2. Arai Y, Yasuda R, Akashi K, et al. Tying a molecular knot with optical tweezers. Nature. 1999;399:446-448. doi:10.1038/20894, PMid:10365955 [ Links ]
3. Ehrlicher A, Betz T, Stuhrmann B, et al. Guiding neuronal growth with light. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:16024-16028. doi:10.1073/ pnas.252631899, PMid:12456879, PMCid:138558 [ Links ]
4. Carnegie DJ, Stevenson DJ, Mazilu M, et al. Guided neuronal growth using optical line traps. Opt Express. 2008;16:10507-10517. doi:10.1364/ OE.16.010507, PMid:18607464 [ Links ]
5. Squires TM, Quake SR. Microfluidics: Fluid physics at the nanoliter scale. Rev Mod Phys. 2005;77:977-1026. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.77.977 [ Links ]
6. Eriksson E, Enger J, Nordlander B, et al. A microfluidic system in combination with optical tweezers for analyzing rapid and reversible cytological alterations in single cells upon environmental changes. Lab Chip. 2007;7:71-76. doi: 10.1039/B613650H [ Links ]
7. Hopkins RJ, Mitchem L, Ward AD, Reid JP. Control and characterisation of a single aerosol droplet in a single-beam gradient force optical trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2004;6:4924-4927. doi:10.1039/b414459g [ Links ]
8. Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, Bjorkholm JE, Chu S. Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. Opt Lett. 1986;11:288-290. doi:10.1364/OL.11.000288, PMid:19730608 [ Links ]
9. Ashkin A. Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett. 1970;24:156-159. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.156 [ Links ]
10. Rohrbach A, Stelzer EHK. Trapping forces, force constants, and potential depths for dielectric spheres in the presence of spherical aberrations. Appl Opt. 2002;41:2494-2507. doi:10.1364/AO.41.002494, PMid:12009161 [ Links ]
11. Smith S, Bhalotra S, Brody A, Brown B, Boyda E, Prentiss M. Inexpensive optical tweezers for undergraduate laboratories. Am J Phys. 1998;67:26-35. doi:10.1119/1.19187 [ Links ]
12. Ashkin A. Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime. Biophys J. 1992;61(2):569-582. [ Links ]
13. Beth RA. Mechanical detection and measurement of the angular momentum of light. Phys Rev. 1936;50:115-125. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.50.115 [ Links ]
14. Poynting JH. The wave motion of a revolving shaft, and a suggestion as to the angular momentum in a beam of circularly polarised light. Proc R Soc Lond A. 1909;82:560-567. doi:10.1098/rspa.1909.0060 [ Links ]
15. Friese MEJ, Nieminen TA, Heckenberg NR, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles. Nature. 1998;394:348-351. doi:10.1038/28566 [ Links ]
16. Simpson NB, Dholakia K, Allen L, Padgett MJ. Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: An optical spanner. Opt Lett. 1997;22:52-54. doi:10.1364/OL.22.000052, PMid:18183100 [ Links ]
17. Allen L, Beijersbergen MW, Spreeuw RJC, Woerdman JP. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. Phys Rev A. 1992;45:8185-8189. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185, PMid:9906912 [ Links ]
18. He H, Friese MEJ, Heckenberg NR, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;75:826-829. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.826, PMid:10060128 [ Links ]
19. Fischer P, Little H, Smith RL, et al. Wavelength dependent propagation and reconstruction of white light bessel beams. J Opt A: Pure Appl Opt. 2006;8:477-482. doi:10.1088/1464-4258/8/5/018 [ Links ]
20. Neuman K, Block S. Optical trapping. Rev Sci Instrum. 2004;75:2787-2809. doi:10.1063/1.1785844, PMid:16878180, PMCid:1523313 [ Links ]
21. Dholakia K, Reece P, Gu M. Optical micromanipulation. Chem Soc Rev. 2007;37:42-55. doi:10.1039/b512471a, PMid:18197332 [ Links ]
22. Bechhoefer J, Wilson S. Faster, cheaper, safer optical tweezers for the undergraduate laboratory. Am J Phys. 2001;70:393-400. doi:10.1119/1.1445403 [ Links ]
23. Leach J, Mushfique H, Di Leonardo R, Padgett M, Cooper J. An optically driven pump for microfluidics. Lab Chip. 2006;6:735-739. [ Links ]
24. Neale SL, MacDonald MP, Dholakia K, Krauss TF. All-optical control of microfluidic components using form birefringence. Nat Mater. 2005;4:530-533. doi:10.1038/nmat1411, PMid:15965480 [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Andrew Forbes
Postal address: PO Box 395
Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Email: email@example.com
Received: 06 May 2009
Accepted: 12 May 2011
Published: 19 Sept. 2011
© 2011. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.


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The high cost of EVs and most hybrids is owing to the batteries, as most of you know. And 65 percent of Americans simply won't pay the extra cost of an EV over a gas-powered car.
We did a story last month about Tesla's "bricked" Roadsters, wherein the cost of replacing the battery (photo above) was claimed by the factory to be about $40,000, or 37 percent of the car's original cost. For the Volt, I've heard a replacement battery cost of anywhere from $8,000 to $13,000.
And there are other associated costs with new technology, including the up-front cost of engineering, tooling, marketing and small production runs. Sure, these get reduced or amortized over time, but in the beginning, not.
Another "opportunity cost" for the buyer may be the government-sponsored tax credit. This could become an automatic add-in to the car's price—as one of our commenters has claimed (scroll to Randy here). So in fact the federal $7,500 tax credit, in his scenario, goes into the carmaker's pocket. The buyer gets the rebate but pays $7,500 more for the car. If true, that is a sick scam that ought to be investigated.


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RECALL: 2012 Honda Pilot and Acura MDX
Statement by American Honda Regarding Fuel Tank Recall:
February 24, 2012; Honda will voluntarily recall approximately 8,700 model-year 2012 Honda Pilot and Acura MDX vehicles in the United States to inspect and, if necessary, replace the fuel tank. The vent shut float (VSF) valve case, a component of the emissions-related on-board fuel vapor recovery system mounted inside the fuel tank, could detach from its mounting inside of the tank due to an incorrect VSF case material. A detached VSF case may result in fuel overflowing from the fuel tank or possibly a fuel leak, which increases the risk of fire. No fires or injuries have been reported related to this issue, which was identified during internal production testing by the part supplier.
Honda is announcing this recall to encourage owners of all affected vehicles to take the vehicles to an authorized dealer as soon as they receive notification of this recall from Honda. Mailed notification to customers will begin in mid-March 2012. In addition to contacting customers by mail, in mid-March, owners of these vehicles will be able to determine if their vehicles require inspection by going on-line to www.recalls.honda.com and www.recalls.acura.com or by calling (800) 999-1009 for Honda owners or (800) 382-2238 for Acura owners, and selecting option 4.


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News editor
Dan Madgwick of Manhattan will soon be moving his family to Marion and opening a food forensics lab.
"It's basically CSI for food," Madgwick said.
When food contamination is discovered, manufacturers, restaurants, or insurers can send the contaminated food to a lab like Madgwick's to determine what the contamination is and how it likely got there.
Madgwick primarily uses microscope analysis. It is the quickest and most cost-effective way to identify contaminants in food, using technology that has been refined for at least 500 years, he said.
Other tools Madgwick will use include infrared analysis, which can provide a "molecular fingerprint," and a scanning electron microscope that can combine with other technology to determine elemental composition of a sample.
In addition to studying food contamination, Madgwick's lab will also be equipped to test food for allergens and ingredients some people are sensitive to. For example, he could test a sample of a new product seeking to be certified as gluten-free, determining if it meets standards for that label.
Madgwick is starting his sixth year in the field of food forensics. Before that, he worked in biomedical research, studying protein interactions in the lens of the eye. He plans for CiboTech, the lab he is starting, to operate independently, working on a case-by-case basis. He isn't interested in long-term contracts with food companies, because they can create conflicts of interest.
He chose to go into business for himself because the company he has been working for in Manhattan is moving in a direction he isn't interested in, toward cosmetics testing.
He and his wife, Sarah, wanted to move to a small town. He had been through Marion a couple of times in the past, and when he took time to meet people in town, he found them very welcoming.
"We just fell in love with it," Madgwick said.
CiboTech will be in the building St. Luke Auxiliary Shop is moving out of, and the Madgwicks will live above the lab. He said they have already started renovations upstairs.
The auxiliary shop made room last week for Madgwick to begin setting up the "clean room" where microscope analysis will be done to avoid airborne contaminants. The shop will close after business Sept. 7 to prepare for its move to the former Duckwall store. Madgwick plans for the lab to be operational Oct. 1.
The lab will employ two people to begin with — Madgwick and an office administrator. Madgwick hopes to add two full-time positions within three years if the business grows as quickly as he projects.
He also hopes to add side businesses that may be more or less related to the lab. Closely related to the lab's purpose could be a beverage testing lab, helping companies with research and development and quality assurance.
Less closely related is Madgwick's idea to add a craft brewery, adding a storefront to a downtown business that otherwise will mostly do business with distant companies.
He also hopes to provide microscope workshops, either independently or in partnership with schools, to help students develop science skills.
The Madgwicks have four children: Phinneas, 7; Georgia, 6; Clementine, 2; and Beatrix, 1.


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Skip to comments.What God says about politics
Posted on 03/23/2006 4:11:14 PM PST by free_life
Ecc 10:2 A wise man's heart directs him toward the right, but the foolish man's heart directs him toward the left.
Ecc 10:3 Even when the fool walks along the road, his sense is lacking and he demonstrates to everyone that he is a fool.
"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's." There's kind of an assumption there that the things that concern Caesar don't necessarily concern God.
And vice versa.
That is soooo funny. I had to look it up to see if it was really there. I love it.
"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's."
What belongs to God? Everything.
What belongs to Caesar (goverment)? Nothing.
Lovecraft was a twisted human being!
This should displayed in Congress on a large sign for all to see. :-)
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Probably was intended to be quite a lightweight article, but contains some unusually prescient nuggets
https://www.theguardian.com/technolo...stalking-my-ex"One of these days, a clever hacker or someone at Facebook will figure out a way to release our browsing histories"
So we knew that facebook uses it's buttons to track you, whether you are logged in or not. Mass personal data collection is encouraged by the state, so this must all leak at some point in future surely?
Time to embrace the badger?
Also, if you are not openly broadcasting your life across the web, where does that leave you? perhaps unable to travel, if you're required to show your social accounts at borders, perhaps some sort of a non-person if there's no social proof that you exist? Should i be on instagram?


text:
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The star has a surprising new hairstyle
Neil P. Mockford/FilmMagic;Pascal Le Segretain/Getty
You know how sometimes all you can think about is how badly you need a haircut, so you just cancel all your plans and hit the salon? Natalie Portman knows that feeling too. Except the only difference is, she experienced it sometime in between the London and Paris premieres of Thor: The Dark World, and she got to debut the new do on a global stage.
RELATED PHOTOS: More star hair changes we can't stop discussing!
Tuesday night, she walked the red carpet in ladylike Dior, complete with a long, bouncy brunette ponytail. Wednesday night, she was back in Dior, but with a noticeably different hairstyle. Rather than the midlength light brown waves she's had for ages, Portman sported a blunt, barely shoulder-length crop parted in the center.
And to add just a little attitude to her delicate features, she also traded her allover highlights for a subtle (and trendy) ombré color, starting close to her natural hue at the roots and fading into a bright blonde at the end. And with light makeup, no earrings along and the V-neckline of her pretty, embellished floral dress, Portman appeared ready to let her new look take center stage.
What do you think of Portman's edgier new do? We're loving it on her.
–Alex Apatoff


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Papi looks to add 10th All-Star nod to resume
BOSTON -- Coming off a World Series championship, the Red Sox already know that manager John Farrell will be leading the American League dugout at the All-Star Game at Target Field in Minneapolis on July 15.
In the coming weeks, Farrell will find out which players will join him. The All-Star ballot was released on Friday, and Boston has no shortage of worthy players represented.
BOSTON -- Coming off a World Series championship, the Red Sox already know that manager John Farrell will be leading the American League dugout at the All-Star Game at Target Field in Minneapolis on July 15.
In the coming weeks, Farrell will find out which players will join him. The All-Star ballot was released on Friday, and Boston has no shortage of worthy players represented.
Boston's most prominent player -- gregarious slugger David Ortiz -- is all too familiar to the fans of Minneapolis. Ortiz is on the ballot as a designated hitter, a position he has started more games at than anyone in history.
Dec. 16, 2002, will probably go down as one of the less fortunate days in the history of the Twins. That was the day they released Ortiz.
Ortiz signed with the Red Sox in 2003, and he has turned into an icon, both for the city he plays for and throughout the sport.
Big Papi was the Most Valuable Player of the 2013 World Series and is aiming to be an All-Star for the 10th time.
For highly touted rookie shortstop Xander Bogaerts, this is his first time on the ballot.
But fans are already aware of Bogaerts, considering how well he played for the Red Sox as a starter in the final nine games of the 2013 postseason.
With a sweet swing that should generate both average and power, this could be the first of many All-Star ballot appearances for the 21-year-old Bogaerts.
Veteran catcher A.J. Pierzynski, in his first season with the Red Sox, is a two-time All-Star, and he was a member of the Twins in both of those years (2002, '06).
Mike Napoli, in his second season as the starting first baseman for the Red Sox, will try to make it to his second All-Star Game. He made it with the Rangers in 2012, back when he was a catcher.
Second baseman Dustin Pedroia, the best all-around player on the Red Sox, is a four-time All-Star.
Third baseman Will Middlebrooks, who is trying to have a rebound season, has never been an All-Star.
In the outfield, the Red Sox have Daniel Nava, who was recently sent down to Pawtucket, Grady Sizemore and Shane Victorino.
Sizemore is already one of baseball's best comeback stories, considering he was out of the Major Leagues the last two seasons. In 2006-08, Sizemore was an All-Star for three straight seasons.
Victorino returned to action for the Red Sox on April 24 after missing the first three weeks of the season with a right hamstring strain. He was an All-Star twice during his time with the Phillies.
Fans can cast their votes for starters at MLB.com and all 30 club sites -- online or on a mobile device -- using the 2014 All-Star Game MLB.com Ballot Sponsored by Experian until Thursday, July 3, at 11:59 p.m. ET. The 2014 All-Star Game will be played at Target Field on Tuesday, July 15.
Fans may submit up to 25 online ballots, but they can also earn a one-time bonus of 10 additional online ballots. To access these additional online ballots, you must be logged into your MLB.com account when you submit any online ballot. If you do not have an MLB.com account, register on the site in accordance with the enrollment instructions for a free MLB.com account.
Fans can vote at Fenway Park on games played between May 2-June 18.
Fans this year once again can participate in the Home Run Derby Fan Poll. Fans will have the opportunity to select three players in each league who they would most like to see participate in the Home Run Derby. The 2014 Home Run Derby will be broadcast live on ESPN, ESPN HD, ESPN Deportes and ESPN Radio in the United States beginning at 8 p.m. ET on Monday, July 14.
The 2014 American League and National League All-Star teams will be unveiled on the 2014 MLB All-Star Game Selection Show during the weekend of July 5-6, with further details to follow on MLB.com. Immediately following the announcement of the AL and NL All-Star rosters, fans can begin voting to select the final player for each league's 34-man roster via the 2014 All-Star Game MLB.com Final Vote Sponsored by Experian. Fans will cast their votes from a list of five players from each league over the balloting period.
And the voting doesn't end there. The final phase of All-Star Game voting will again have fans participating in the voting for the Ted Williams All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award presented by Chevrolet. During the Midsummer Classic, fans will vote exclusively online at MLB.com via the 2014 All-Star Game MLB.com MVP Vote Sponsored by Pepsi, and their voice will represent 20 percent of the overall vote that determines the recipient of the Arch Ward Trophy.
MLB.com will provide extensive online coverage of the All-Star Week festivities.
The 85th All-Star Game will be televised nationally by FOX, in Canada by Rogers Sportsnet and RDS, and worldwide by partners in more than 200 countries via MLB International's independent feed. ESPN Radio and ESPN Radio Deportes will provide national radio coverage of the All-Star Game. MLB Network and SiriusXM will also provide comprehensive All-Star Week coverage. For more information, please visit allstargame.com.
Ian Browne is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Brownie Points, and follow him on Twitter @IanMBrowne.


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Real Life Confession- I love the idea of gardening more than I love actual gardening. Can anyone else relate? I also look forward to summer Saturday mornings with girlfriends as we bop from farmer's market to farmer's market.
BUT. But…I still enjoy having planted herbs around as the weather warms up! So, this year, I've decided to do a three-part herb gardening upcycling series…starting with today's post: Part 1- Muffin tins!Read more ›


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They give a face, and a beautiful one, to the person we know as "Ella" and they settle a mystery about who is "the lady with the black hat." (See blog entry from Jan 23, 2008: "Who Are the People in These Photos?")
Photo captions:
1. Ella
2. Ella, age 12
3. Ella with her grand dau, Kathryn [(Holland) Wiley]
2. Ella, age 12
3. Ella with her grand dau, Kathryn [(Holland) Wiley]
4. " Great Grandmother Gorton,"- [caption written by Louise (Holland) Nellis, dau of Helen (MacKenzie) Holland, grdau of Ella (Gorton) MacKenzie, gt grdau of Lucinda Frances (Roberts) Gorton...]
Ella was a lot younger, 11 years, than Mary Augusta, her sister and our great grandmother. Do you think she looks like anyone in our family?
If that last picture, #4, above, "lady with the black hat," is a photo of "Great Grandma Gorton," that would be Lucinda Frances (Roberts) Gorton, (see photo we have of her below). The black hat photo could be from her younger days and the rounder face one below could be from when she was older. What do you think?
Also, since this photo was handed down from the Roberts/Gorton line of the family, that means Barbara Hemerling, mother of Elizabeth (Meyers) Gates, is not a possible identity for this lady- wrong side of the family!
The only other woman the black hat lady could be is Emaline (Hotchkiss) Roberts, wife of John Roberts, MOTHER of Lucinda Frances Roberts. She was born in 1805 and died in 1890. If the "lady in the black hat" was Emaline, and the photo was taken around 1880, then Emaline would be about 75 years old. Does this lady look that age? It's either a woman who doesn't age (Emaline) or it must be, as the caption says, her daughter, Lucinda Frances (Roberts), Grandmother Gorton. Mystery solved, would you say?
Lady in Black Hat, captioned as
"Great Grandmother Gorton," Lucinda Frances (Roberts) Gorton
"Great Grandmother Gorton," Lucinda Frances (Roberts) Gorton


text:
International Literacy Day
Sarah Starkey
Friday, September 08, 2017
We are building a love for reading at Sequoyah! Faculty and staff have been having a wonderful morning celebrating International Literacy Day! Kindergarten celebrated by having a Book Character Parade, First Grade had a Vocabulary Parade, and all the grades had guest readers and activities! Thank you to all those who helped with the events and read to the classes


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CMV hygromycin expression plasmid vector to produce high levels of resistance in mammalian cells.
Product Name: pSF-CMV-Hygro
Product Code: OG585
Size (bp): 5242 bp
Bacterial Antibiotic Selection: KanR
Origin and Compatibility: pUC high copy derived from pBR322
Bacterial Copy Number: 500-700 per cell
Promoter: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter
Here the hygromycin gene is under transcriptional control of the CMV promoter allowing simple selection of transfected mammalian cells using hygromycin.Promoter Expression Level:
This plasmid contains the mammalian CMV promoter to drive gene expression. We have tested all of our mammalian promoters in a range of cell types and CMV is consistently the strongest in those we have studied. However there are many reports of the CMV promoter demonstrating silencing by methylation in long-term culture. For this reason we stock a range of other promoters that are compatible with this plasmid and are available on request.
This plasmid contains three alternative transcription terminators for mammalian bacterial and bacteriophage (T7) expression. This means that only the promoter needs to be changed to alter the expression system you are using. We sell multiple promoters that can be used in each of these systems. The presence of each terminator does not reduce expression in the alternative systems.
This plasmid contains a gene within the main multiple cloning site (NotI-ClaI). Any plasmid that we sell where the gene is this configuration will be located in the exact same position in relation to the start and stop codon of the gene. The only exceptions to this rule are fusions proteins where the fusion gene may be positioned at the front or end of the MCS to allow gene fusion.
By positioning all of our genes in the same location it allows them to be transferred between plasmids using the same cloning method and restriction sites regardless of the plasmid being used from our product range. Inserting a new gene into this plasmid should be easily possible using a range of standard restriction enzyme sites that flank the gene currently in the vector.Multiple cloning site notes:
In the multiple cloning site there are two important restriction sites called BsgI and BseRI sites. These sites both cut the DNA at the same position and cleave the stop codon of the gene in the multiple cloning site in this plasmid thereby producing a TA overhang. This overhang is compatible with any of our peptide or reporter fusion tag plasmids also cut with either of these enzymes. This allows seamless C-terminal fusions to be made with the gene in this multiple cloning site using a single cloning step from our C-terminal peptide and reporter tag product range. Normally the easiest method is to clone the C-terminal tag from our other plasmid products into this plasmid using BsgI or BseRI and the downstream ClaI restriction site.
BseRI and BsgI sites are non-palindromic and cleave a defined number of bases away from their binding sites. This allows them to cut the upstream stop codon in the gene in this plasmid regardless of the gene sequence.
This product is part of our SnapFast™ plasmid range, for more information on the intellectual property status of this plasmid and the terms of our licences please click here.
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Sidenote: Text I received: "Well, you had a good run... Now Roger Goodell is gonna suspend you from watching the first 4 games of the season"
Sunday, April 8, 2012
Coming Clean
Sidenote: Text I received: "Well, you had a good run... Now Roger Goodell is gonna suspend you from watching the first 4 games of the season"
16 comments:
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDeleteReplies
If anyone was interested in his comment:Delete
"If this makes incarcerated bob a fraud, what does it make you?"
way 2 remove the 1st comment man, can't take the heat wtf are u doing in the oven? Way to set back bloggers who work hard to build up their sites. We have a hard enough time as it is gaining respect and traffic and then someone like you does this. BTW, I've read through many of your columns and I must say, you suck buddy. Give it up and shut down this POS blog, you don't deserve it. I'm sure you'll remove my comment after it hurts your feelings but know this: the only way you will ever get big time page views is by posting fake crap. Your work sux.Delete
Matt, chill bro. I didn't remove it, he deleted it himself.Delete
If I remove a comment, it says "This comment has been removed by a blog administrator."
If the user removes his own comment, it says "This comment has been removed by the author."
So I won't remove your comment, unless you remove it first tso that you don't look like a complete and total fool "buddy"
Matt! Buddy! Where you at?Delete
I'm glad you came clean, but I hope you learned a lesson and won't try to do anything like this again.ReplyDeleteReplies
Learned a lesson?Delete
How about an apology? Not one word of an apology in that entire post.Delete
You lied to everyone and you are calling someone else a fraud?
Why would I apologize? This entire thing was on my own. I never stole someone else's work word for word and posted it as my own exclusive story.Delete
I for one applaud the effort from the fake schedule maker, someone needs to keep the NFL honest, and I bet they got some good feedback from the fake schedule and might even make a tweak here or there based on the feedback received from said fake schedule. In previous years, the schedule has been released by now so its about time NFL, I guess all those Thursday night games take some time to plan out!ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks. I didn't expect it to take off like it did at all, so it was a wild ride. And I just took this as a personal challenge to myself, and I'll say I was mostly successful (minus the few glaring mistakes).Delete
I think that people getting upset with Eagles Stats calling the guy a fraud need to understand his context, that being that he Insterstate Bob didn't give him credit. Although, Eagles, you gotta admit that if Bob thought it was a legit schedule, he likely wouldn't give you credit, right?ReplyDelete
If you're upset with a person for putting a fake NFL schedule out there, it's just my opinion, but maybe you need to chill out a little. It's just a game.
I wouldn't apologize, either. Get your facts straight before you start running with them. We all could use to learn this lesson.Replies
To be honest, I had no idea who Bob even was before this whole thing. But it just proves that if you jump on every single rumor, you're gonna hit on some of them, but you'll also miss on a ton of them. Perfect example here.Delete
I'm just amazed that you decided to put all this work into it. That was pretty cool, honestly. Well done.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks. It was a huge challenge, and like my brother described it to me, it was similar to a huge, more complicated sudoku.Delete
I think NFLTVNOW .COM can be good place for you. You also will have there very good lives with all season games.
Free TRIAL Here => NFLTVNOW.COM


text:
sponsored by
Obama Visits Mudslide-Hit Community In
Washington State
Send a link to a friend
[April 23, 2014]
OSO, Washington (Reuters) — President Barack Obama on Tuesday visited the Washington state community
slammed by a deadly mudslide last month, offering condolences to the
families of victims, encouragement to rescue workers, and promises of
government support.
After viewing the mudslide from the air, Obama met for over an
hour with relatives of victims in a small chapel.
The Snohomish County Medical Examiner's Office said the remains of
41 victims had been recovered from the slide that buried a river
valley neighborhood in the Cascade mountain foothills last month.
A rain-soaked hillside collapsed above the north fork of the
Stillaguamish River on March 22, unleashing a torrent of mud that
swallowed up a stretch of a state highway and some three dozen homes
on the outskirts of this small town.
The president's helicopter hovered not far above the site of the
mudslide for about 15 minutes on Tuesday. Photographs showed a view
of the broad gash where the hillside gave way, and a tangled heap of
dirt and debris at its foot.
Obama, clad in khaki pants, boots and a navy blue windbreaker, also
visited a community center and the Oso fire station, where he spoke
with emergency workers and others involved in the rescue and
recovery effort.
"These are folks who love this land and it's easy to see why — because it's gorgeous," he told an audience that included federal,
state and local search-and-rescue crews.
"The country is thinking about all of you and has been all
throughout this tragedy," he said. "We're not going anywhere. We'll
be here for as long as it takes."
[to top of second column]
Behind the president, a banner read: "Oso Strong," and over his
shoulder, a large aerial photograph showed the extent of the
mudslide in the narrow valley. Homemade posters offering thanks and
good wishes to the residents of Oso ringed the walls of the small
fire station.
Obama has signed an emergency declaration ordering U.S. government
assistance to supplement state and local relief efforts in the
aftermath of the mudslide and flooding.
He came to Oso on his way to Asia, where he is due to visit Japan,
South Korea, Malaysia and Philippines over the next eight days.
(Reporting by Mark Felsenthal; editing by Peter Cooney)
[© 2014 Thomson Reuters. All rights
Copyright 2014 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
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Dining Services Survey
- All Day
- on Monday, December 9, 2013
- https://www.bu.edu/dining/survey
It's that time of the year again... Survey Time! We'd love for your feedback, it only takes about 10 minutes but your answers will really help us improve your dining on campus. We're also giving out 11 prizes to random people taking the survey. The top prize is $250 in Convenience Points plus 10 other prizes of $50 in Convenience Points. The Survey ends on December 13th, so be sure to take it now!


text:
I can't think of anything I loved more than talking to Leonard Bernstein. Or, more accurately, listening to him talk — about music or any topic under the sun. I remember a long discourse we had about one of my favorite books, Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain, and Bernstein's summarizing statement: "Well, of course, every author spends his whole life writing the same book."
That phrase has come back to me throughout my life and I've come to believe that it is applicable to all artists, especially Bernstein himself. There are certain fundamental, existential questions each of us grapples with throughout our lives. Artists have the opportunity to explore these questions publicly, with their creations as the conduit.
The music of Bernstein is a clear and dramatic manifestation of Leonard Bernstein the human being: complex, gregarious, deeply reflective, conflicted, loving, kind, embracing, fun and much more. For me, there is an extraordinary universality in his music, as there was in the man himself.
Bernstein's Third Symphony, "Kaddish," premiered in 1963, just weeks after President Kennedy was assassinated. Bernstein was a supporter and friend of the Kennedys and was devastated by the tragic event. He dedicated "Kaddish" — this prayer for the dead that never mentions death — to Kennedy's memory. And that sums up Bernstein for me: The surface was accessible, approachable, almost simple, yet the inherent paradox and complexity of thought below that surface was astounding.
This symphony is a vehicle — the Kaddish prayer a vehicle — for Bernstein to explore his lifelong issues of personal faith, the elusive concept of peace and the conflict arising from our great human potential for, and attraction to, destruction.
Bernstein chose a woman to be the narrator in the symphony (in his original version) and it immediately grabs our attention because the role of women is historically subservient. Not only is a woman narrating the holy prayer, she is humanizing God. She questions and challenges him, even ascribes human emotion to him and she offers to say the Kaddish for him: "Oh my Father, ancient, hallowed, lonely, disappointed Father. Betrayed, rejected ruler of the universe. I will say this final Kaddish for you."
The question of faith is woven through every Bernstein piece — even when there is no obvious religious component. For Bernstein, the crisis of the 20th century was a crisis of faith. What can we believe in when mankind has the desire and capability to destroy itself? He conveys this crisis musically by pitting atonality against tonality. For Bernstein, atonality captured the musical end of civilization.
The "Kaddish" symphony opens with choristers humming — the humming of the universe. And then Bernstein builds a 12-tone row representing conflict and crisis (hear the excerpts on this page). The chorus, acting something like a traditional Greek chorus, sings the actual texts from the traditional Kaddish, embellished with stomps and hand claps.
The title of the second movement, "Din Torah," means judgment, but instead of God judging us, Bernstein turns the tables and it is the human who questions and judges God. After the narrator's introduction, the percussion starts with seemingly random bangings and the Kaddish theme is hummed. Later, after a confrontation between man and God, there is a complete breakdown and the music climaxes in a chaotic, polytonal choral cadenza — different meters, different tempi. Is anyone in charge?
The third movement contains the climax of the piece. Bernstein starts this Scherzo by bringing back every theme and manipulating each one in every way imaginable. The metaphor is clear. Especially with the narration: "So this is the kingdom of heaven, Father, just as you planned it ... Every immortal cliché in place ... but something is wrong."
After showing God the problems in the world, the narrator helps God believe in a new arrangement, where God and man understand the fragile interdependence needed for both to survive. The music builds to the entrance of a boy choir singing the phrase "Magnified and sanctified be His great name, amen" in Hebrew. The voices of children play pivotal roles in many of Bernstein's compositions (including Chichester Psalms and Mass) and represent hope for humanity.
Though there is a resolution to the struggle, the music does not end triumphantly. Instead, it closes in a final Kaddish, sung by a full choir, with a final dissonant chord, filled with suspense, suggesting that all is still not right in this world. Peace continues to elude us.
I often wonder how Bernstein would have reacted to 9/11 and the ongoing violence and strife in this 21st Century. He spent his life championing peace, compassion, mutual respect and, above all, humanity. I know it would have broken his heart and I'm relieved that he didn't have to witness it. But then I think of how much we need him and miss him — this musician who changed the world.
In 1963, just weeks after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Leonard Bernstein premiered his third symphony, "Kaddish," and dedicated it to the slain president.
: I want to pray.
SIMON: Leonard Bernstein's wife, Felicia Montealegre was the narrator in this 1964 recording.
: I want to say Kaddish.
SIMON: Kaddish - a prayer. For Leonard Bernstein, his third symphony was a vehicle to deliver that prayer and explore issues of personal faith and concepts of peace in a world filled with strife. This weekend, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is performing the work, led by music director Marin Alsop. The maestra joins us now from the studios of WYPR in Baltimore. Thanks so much for being back with us, Marin.
MARIN ALSOP: Great to be here, Scott. Thank you.
SIMON: Help us understand this piece. Set it up a bit. How does Leonard Bernstein convey themes of conflict and crisis through music?
ALSOP: Well, for Leonard Bernstein, the most pressing issue of the 20th century was a crisis of faith. Not necessarily religion-based faith, but a faith in humanity. And he represents this crisis in music in terms of atonality versus tonality. The music that comes in is a 12-tone row, meaning it has no tonal center, and that sets up the crisis.
SIMON: And later in this movement it builds to something that sounds like a Greek chorus. Let's listen to that.
ALSOP: It's interesting to hear the chorus. The chorus is always singing the actual texts from the Kaddish, the prayer. And they reflect the narrator's approach to God always. So, in a way it's like a Greek chorus commenting on the action. But do you hear on the recording, you can hear the hand clapping and the stomps. So, Bernstein adds that to it. And he's still playing with this idea of atonality. When you hear that, it's jazzy atonality now.
SIMON: The second movement is called "Din Torah" meaning the judgment. And help take us through that.
ALSOP: Well, for me, the fascinating thing about this piece and about so many of Bernstein's works is that he's turning the typical way of looking at something on it head. So, the judgment day, which is usually, you know, all hellfire and brimstone and everything going wrong for mankind, instead of being subservient and down on our knees as human beings, we're standing up - in Bernstein's version - and speaking back to God. And it becomes really a questioning of God's actions. And for Bernstein, this was very, very important. I mean, trying to get his arms around why and how people could act in such destructive, violent ways in the name of God under the guise of religion was something he could not comprehend.
So, there's a confrontation in this piece between man and the silent God accusing him of violating His promise with mankind. The narration, which Bernstein wrote, is: Are you listening, Father? You know who I am. Your image, that stubborn reflection of you. Why have you taken away your rainbow? Tin God. Your bargain is tin. It crumples in my hand. And where is the faith now? Yours or mine?
ALSOP: And the idea that man and God are inherently intertwined - without man there is no God; without God there is no man. This brings us to a complete chaotic breakdown in the piece, and there's this massive cadenza for the chorus - completely atonal.
SIMON: This sounds like the end of the world. This sounds like the end of all sense, of understanding, of coherence of things heading together in a way that we can understand it, but then it settles down and we hear a lullaby.
ALSOP: Well, this is, I mean, this is Bernstein's genius for me. It goes from this incredibly complex, almost unintelligible statement to the most beautiful, simple, gorgeous melody. And this is where man says to God, you know, put your head down on my shoulder. Why don't you take a rest. You must be very tired. And Bernstein captures that in this beautiful solo for the soprano voice. It really is like a lullaby to God.
SIMON: That's Jennie Tourel, the mezzo-soprano, in this 1964 recording conducted by the maestro, Leonard Bernstein.
ALSOP: It's an absolutely incredible moment, I think, that capturing that simplicity. At the end of the movement, the narration comes back and the speaker says: Sleep my Father. Rest your anger. I mean, it's amazing how, you know, man is speaking to God. Dream softly. Let me invent your dream, dream it for you as gently as I can. And perhaps by dreaming I can help you find your image again and love him again. I'll take you to your favorite star. The world most worthy of your creation. And, hand in hand, like eager children, we'll watch in wonder, wide-eyed, the workings of perfectedness.
SIMON: Let's listen, if we can, to a bit of the third movement. Music begins kind of playfully.
SIMON: Immortal cliche - what a phrase. What's wrong with God's creation?
ALSOP: Well, you know, how can we think that things are perfect when we don't believe in humanity and we don't respect humanity and we've made some kind of bargain with this concept of religion? And, you know, for Bernstein, it was all about hypocrisy and not having faith in each other and respecting each other.
ALSOP: In the scherzo movement, which brings back all of these crazy themes from the piece, the narrator's talking about how God needs to believe in mankind. And this builds to a climax and then the children's choir enter. The boy is singing, and for Bernstein children always represented faith and hope.
ALSOP: The narrator wakes God and God then has to confront the reality of this image. And for Bernstein, it's coming to some sort of compromise, some negotiation with God. I mean, only Bernstein would enter into negotiations with God. And the narrator says: Good morning, Father. He wakes up God. Good morning, Father. We can still be immortal, You and I, bound by our rainbow. You can no longer afford my death. For if I die, you die with me. And as long as I live I shall continue to create you, Father, and you, me. So, that's really the bargain that Bernstein is negotiating with God.
SIMON: Oh, my gosh. You, of course, knew Leonard Bernstein very well. You're his pupil, his protege, his friend. How does "Kaddish" reflect the man he was, the creative force that he was?
ALSOP: He was a complicated and simple human being on many levels. He was a man filled with passion and compassion and belief in humanity. But he was also a very conflicted human being. And he had enormous worry, enormous concern about the future of our human race. I often think I'm glad he's not around to see some of the violence that has occurred in this 21st century, but it's a shame because we really need him here to remind us that the most important thing is to believe in each other and believe in humanity.
SIMON: Marin Alsop, music director of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. They're currently performing Bernstein's "Kaddish Symphony No. 3."
ALSOP: Great to talk to you, Scott. Thank you.
SIMON: You can read Marin Alsop's essay and on "Kaddish" on our website, nprmusic.org. This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.