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Now, as we have already learned in our study of origins in the study of the first chapter of Genesis, it is sheer foolishness, scientifically and it is utter unbelief, biblically, to impose on creation any kind of evolution.
Evolution is not a reasonable explanation for the universe or life on earth in any sense whatsoever. It is scientifically impossible and it is biblically rejected. We look closely at the issue of Genesis 1 in creation. We find no evidence of evolution whatsoever in the text of the Scripture, nor is there any indication, by any kind of reasonable science that any form of evolution, from species to species could at all take place.
And I've suggested to you a number of times, and I do it again. As you look more closely at the issue of unbelief and denial of the clearly-revealed account of creation in the Book of Genesis, it is fair to say that anyone who rejects the Genesis creation account, anyone who rejects that God created the universe in six, literal, 24-hours days makes an assault on Scripture, makes an assault on the historicity of Scripture, the accuracy of Scripture, the inspiration of Scripture, the inerrancy of Scripture and the authenticity of Scripture. It is no small thing to deny the straightforward creation account of Genesis 1. And we could go so far as to say that, in actuality, the Bible itself stands or falls with the historical accuracy of Genesis 1. If we cannot trust the creation account, then why should we trust anything else on the pages of Scripture?
It is sad to say that even the secular world has, through the years, better understood this than many Christians. For example, Darwin, who came with the original idea of the origin of species, was followed by a man by the name of Thomas Huxley who lived from 1825 to 1895. Now, Huxley was an ardent defender of Darwin's theory. Huxley, in fact, propagated evolution more than Darwin did. He was the one who really pressed evolution into the scientific and philosophical center of life. Listen to what Thomas Huxley wrote, and I'm quoting.
"I am fairly at a loss to comprehend how anyone, for a moment, can doubt that Christian theology must stand or fall with the historical trustworthiness of the Jewish trechors. The very conception of the Messiah or Christ is inextricably interwoven with Jewish history. The identification of Jesus of Nazareth, with that Messiah, rests upon the interpretation of the passages of the Hebrew Scriptures which have no evidential value, unless they possess the historical character assigned to them." There is a godless atheistic evolutionist saying that the whole of Christian theology rises or falls on the absolute historicity of the Old Testament. He said that in a book on essays by Huxley published in London in 1903 and yet, evangelicals seem to think that they can assault the historicity of Genesis and somehow still save the reality of biblical revelation. Tragically, one of the most severe blows ever dealt to the Christian faith has been inflicted by so-called Christians and so-called evangelical scholars who reject widely the Genesis account, in favor of some form of evolution.
The British writer by the name of Andy Macintosh has written a book called, Genesis for Todayand in it, he says this, "In recent years, a somewhat strange trend has developed in Christian circles. While some secular authors have begun to doubt the traditional evolutionary thinking of Darwin, Huxley and others who first made popular such views, some evangelical Christians have been developing the concept that God used evolution to make the world, the view, which is termed theistic evolution. Such an idea is, of course, by no means new but it now becoming more fashionable among evangelicals who supposedly hold to the infallibility of Scripture, as well as to liberals who do not. Some notable recent books by evangelical writers doubting the straightforward creationist position on Genesis are..." and he names Master Planby Roy Clements.
Another book which rejects the creation account is the book called, The Scandal of Evangelical Mind, written by Mark Knoll. His book, says Andy Macintosh, are published by Inner Varsity Press who has a strong evangelical tradition. He goes on to say, "The Christian evangelical is increasingly being led to believe that the literal interpretation of Genesis is simply a matter of opinion and this is particularly brought out by the book, Creation and Evolution, a book in a series called, When Christians Disagree." "And of course, the implication," he says, "is that the issue of creation is a secondary issue like things such as passivism or politics in Christians have every right to disagree."
Is this really the case? Is the Bible so unclear as to the method of creation that it's a point where we can gentlemanly disagree? Well, many evangelicals believe so. In fact, the majority seem to think so and the irony is that while more and more evangelicals are embracing a form of evolution, secular writers are beginning to rethink whether evolution could have happened at all. And of course, Thomas Huxley, himself a convinced atheist, understood very clearly that Christianity, as such, rose or fell on the truthfulness of the Bible and he knew that included the Book of Genesis. And he also knew that if he could shatter society's confidence in the first book of the Bible, he could ultimately destroy their confidence in the other 65 books. He knew all the major doctrine held by the established church would be abandoned finally if ultimately they abandoned Genesis. In the mainline denomination certainly that is exactly what has happened.
Andy Macintosh goes on to say, "Once creation, the fall and the flutter, brought into question his history, then this brings immediately into disrepute, not just the statements of the apostles who were basically affirming Genesis but of the Lord Jesus Christ who also appealed to Genesis as history." And he writes, "The whole meaning of sin and redemption is blurred and lost if we lose the anchor of Genesis." The purist and poet, John Milton, saw the grandeur of redemption based on a firm belief in the Bible. It's the greatness of 17thCentury commitment to a Biblical world view, as reflected in his epic poems, Paradise Lost andParadise Regained. It says, on Macintosh, "If we are to believe we originally came from monkeys and apes, with generations of violence and bloodshed and that there was no literal Eden, do what do we make of the Bible's promises concerning the new Heavens and the new earth in which righteousness dwells"? He's right. He has it exactly right. And this is pervasive among evangelical "scholars." Even the well-known Bible commentator, John Stock, who has benefited many of us with his writings, believes that man had hominoid ancestors from which he evolved and he says that in his book, Understanding the Bible, of all things, published in 1984.
Now, this is a grievous and I think fair to say, a cardinal distrust of Scripture in its first chapter and it ultimately undermines all biblical authority and brings the right to question everything that comes after Genesis 1. So as we have been going through this section of origins, it has become clear to us that it is the true Word of God regarding creation history and we have treated it as such to the honor of God and the clarity of our own understanding.
Now, the high point of creation came on day six and you will remember, back on day six, in verse 26, God made man. "Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness, let them rule over the fish in the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth and over creeping thing that creeps on the earth. And God created man in His own image and the image of God, He created a male and female. He created them and God blessed them and God said to them, 'Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.' And God said, 'I've given you every plant-yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth and every tree which has fruit-yielding seed. It shall be food for you.'" And there, we have the creation of man, as stated in Chapter 1.
Now, that happened on day six and as we noted when we studied that, man was made in God's image. What does that mean? It means he had self-consciousness, not just consciousness like animals have but self-consciousness. He had personality, cognition--that is, the ability to rationally process information, he had intelligence. He had--and I think this is such a notable thing about man--creativity and it is staggering to look around the world and see the immense creativity of man. One of the things that struck me, as I was in Paris a couple of weeks ago, and I was meandering through downtown Paris from the Palace Royal to the Luru Museum of Art, to all of the incredible buildings that go way back in the history of France, back to the Louis XIV and Louis XVI and when you see the incredible buildings and the incredible art that is absolutely mind-boggling, the genius of architecture--I had the pleasure of touring Versai which is beyond description and is a very clear indication as to why there was a French revolution and why they chopped the head off of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette because he built these incredible palaces, these incredible places of immense indescribable wealth on the backs of the poverty of an entire nation and all of its colonies. There's no wonder there was a French Revolution, the way they created poverty everywhere to indulge themselves beyond description.
When you look at it, it is no monuments or religion. It is no monument immediately to God but it is a monument to the staggering creativity of mankind. The architecture is breathtaking. The design is just amazing and then when you go to the museum and you see painting after painting after painting by all the masters, you are really staggered by the human genius that is behind this. When you trek in and out of cathedrals and you see the marvelous art that hangs there, that's one thing but the architecture of all of that, I suppose, foolishly, by some judgments, was a cajole into climbing to the tower of the great cathedral, Notre Dame, in Paris, all the way to the top and seeing all of the underpinnings and everything going up and amazing that something could be built like that back in the 1300s or whenever it was built. Man's creativity is staggering and I challenge you to go the monkey section of the L.A. zoo and see what you see there.
There are marks of creativity in man that reflect the image of God in him and then there is the relationships we talked about. Only man builds relationships. So God created man in His image with self-consciousness, personality, rationality, intelligence, creativity, relationships and gave him sovereignty over the entire created world and all its vast resources so that man could bring up out of this rich, rich planet immense demonstrations of his marvelous abilities, rationality and creatively and relationally. Now with the creation of man on day six, the real story began. All the rest of creation was only a stage for man to play out the great drama of redemption. The real story began on day six. All the other creation just provided the backdrop for the history of man.
Now, the history of man starts in chapter two, verse four and goes to the end of the Book of Genesis. That's the original history of man, from chapter two, verse four to chapter 50, verse 26 is the original history of man, the first great sweep of human history. So what you have in chapter one, verse one to chapter two, verse three is the creation of the universe, including man, starting in chapter two, verse four, to the end of Genesis, in fact, to the end of time is the history of man, the generations of man. So as you come to verse four, in Genesis 2, you come to a very important verse. Here is a line of demarcation in the Hebrew text. This inaugurates a completely new section. This the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created in the day that the Lord God made earth and heaven. Literally, in Hebrew, says, "These are the generations." _____ in Hebrew. These are the generations of the heavens and earth when they were created. Here is the beginning of the story of the generations of mankind.
So the Genesis 2:4 points forward. It is not a second account of creation, as critics have said. The second and conflicting account, some of them. It is not an account of creation, chapter two, opposed to the account of creation in chapter two. Not at all. There's only one record of creation, that's Genesis 1. Genesis 2 does not deal with anything during the week of creation, except what pertains to the story of man. That's a very, very important understanding. All you have, in chapter two, is focused on man. Genesis 1 briefly introduced the fact of man's creation. Genesis 2 explains the details of that creation. So what you have in very traditional, typical Hebrew style, much like the headlines in the newspaper. Genesis 1 says man is created in God's image, and hibon dominion. Genesis 2 is the article that describes all the details under that headline. Genesis 2 does not repeat day one, day two, day three, day four or day five. Genesis 2 does not deal with the elements of the creation of light or the creation of the sky or the creation of the earth or the separation of land and water or the creation of plants or the creation of animals. Genesis 2 only deals with man, so that when you come to chapter two, man is plucked up, as it were, out of that whole creation of chapter one and he's put on center stage as the drama of redemption unfolds with the rest of creation as the backdrop. So that man becomes, starting in chapter two, verse four, the subject of the rest of Genesis and the rest of the Bible all the way to the end in the Book of Revelation. So I want you to mark that in your mind, Genesis 2:4 launches a whole new section, the details of man's creation by God on day six. Details are explained in chapter two.
Now the question could be asked, how did Moses obtain this information? Well, he wasn't there. It is the account of the creation, the details of the creation of man that is very different from pagan myths and pagan legends and pagan fictions. Where did Moses get this? Well, he didn't get it from any human source, for no one existed to witness it. He didn't get it from his own reason, for no reason can know the power of a Creator. Reason cannot know how He created. So the only possible way that Moses, who wrote this, could know this was if God revealed the data to him and therefore, He must have done that. "So it is"--listen to Hebrews 11:3--"that we understand that the worlds were framed by the Word of God through faith." Very important, through faith. This isn't the product of some human reason. This can't be the product of some ancient Hebrew search. No one was there. No one could know it. The only way we had any record of creation is if the Creator gave it to us and this is that record given by the Creator. "So that by faith in God and His Word, we understand that the worlds were framed." Hebrews 11:3.
So what we're going to find in chapter two is the details of the creation of man. We're going to find the creation of man, the location of man in the Garden of Eden. We're going to find the location of man, what he was doing. We're going to find the probation of man, what he was not to do and we're going to find the relation of man when God gave him woman. Now all that is summed up in chapter one when it says, in verse 27, "God created man in His own image and He created him male and female." Now we get the details of that. "In the day the Lord God made heaven and earth, the generation of man began." By the way, just a note, in verse four, "In the day the Lord God made earth and heaven." We know He did it in six days. This is simply using day as a reference to the time period and day can mean an undetermined period of time, an undesignated period of time when there is no number associated with it but wherever, in the Old Testament, day has a number, like day one, day two, day three, it refers always to a 24-hour day. Here, no number and so it is simply a general reference to the period of time which actually was six days in which God created the universe. But now we come to that sixth day and although on the sixth day, God created animals as well, land animals, that is not dealt with in chapter two because this is the tolodoth of generations of man on the earth. Let's begin with the creation of man in verses five to seven.
Verse five--and we're going to get the scene. This is fascinating. "Now no shrub of the field was yet in the earth and no plant of the field had yet sprouted for the Lord God had not sent rain upon the earth and there was no man to cultivate the ground." You get into that verse and immediately, you face a huge issue here. How are we to understand this verse? And this is the setting for the creation of man that is specifically indicated in verse seven. We'll get there, perhaps, in a moment. I won't be sure of that because I want you to understand this and I didn't even understand this when I wrote the original note in the study Bible and I had to do a lot more work to come to a complete understanding of this. Because what it seems to be saying here is that the record of man's creation--we know we're talking about the creation of man. We're into the generations of man and He's pulling man out of the six-day creation and it's all about man and yet He starts out by saying, "There's no shrub of the field and no plant of the field yet sprouted" and so it appears as if, since all of that was created on the third day, He's actually going back to the second day, before the creation of the plants. And if that's the case, then that confuses the reader as to the subject matter of chapter two. Why does he go back, prior to day three, before the vegetation was created, if He's only discussing the creation of man and furthermore, how can we understand that there was no shrub of the field, no plant of the filed because there was no rain when on the third day, God created plants and He created trees and it didn't rain--are you ready for this--for at least 1,000 years? It didn't rain at all until the flood, in Noah's time in Genesis 6, about 1,000 years later. So how can you say, if we're talking about man, that God hadn't created the plants yet and that the reason He hadn't created them was there wasn't any rain? And furthermore, he says, "And there wasn't any man to cultivate them." That doesn't make sense either because they were done on day three and he wasn't even created on day six, so they didn't depend on rain and they didn't depend on man's cultivation.
So this verse has confused a lot of people, a lot of people and let me tell you something, as always, in my studies, through the years, confusion comes from a superficial understanding of the Hebrew text and I admit that even mine was superficial at the time I was going through this in the wealth of material, in all the study Bible, I didn't give the attention to this that it deserved. But I have since and I'm anxious to give you the insight that you need to understand this. I don't ever want to be guilty of superficiality--I think you know that. None of us do. So in order to understand what is actually being said in verse five, which by the way, is fascinating, we have to go back to the original Hebrew text and I'm not sure that even the translators of the various English editions really had a grip on the original significance of the Hebrew text. We have to go back to that and when I want to go back to the original Hebrew text, I want to go as far back into the original Hebrew mind and language as I possibly can. I have limitations, obviously, so I look for somebody who has no limitations when it comes to dealing with the Hebrew text. And there is such a scholar who has written a monumental work on the Book of Genesis. I've mentioned him before. His name is Kiseido. He is a Hebrew scholar who has written on the Hebrew text of Genesis and originally written in the Hebrew language his commentary.
And Kiseido reminds us that we, today, tend to think in the Greek way of thinking, the Greek process of thought, and we have to go back and remember the Semitic way of thinking, how Jewish thought patterns follow. And the Hebrew pattern of thinking in writing a history is this--and this is what Kiseido says, this great Hebrew scholar, he says that "The first way that a Hebrew deals with history is to state the general proposition and then to clarify the details and the particulars" and that's exactly what I came to conclude in my understanding of how chapter two relates to chapter one. In chapter one, you have the general proposition of the creation of man. Chapter two, you have the laying down the particulars. And Kiseido affirms that this is, in fact, the case. So chapter one gives the statement of facts. Chapter two clarifies the details. And so he affirms that chapter two is not another story of creation but a detailed account, adding detail to the original statement in chapter one to further clarify the place of man as the central being in the created universe and the drama of redemption.
Now as he comes to verse five, Kiseido gives us some very wonderful, wonderful insights. He understands--and you want to get onto this because it's very important--that the narrative, as I understand it, does begin in day six so that when you come to verse five, you are not, prior to day three, prior to the creation of plants, you are actually in day six. And that what verse five I saying is not that there weren't any plants and there weren't any trees because there were and they were already created and they didn't need rain and they also didn't need man to till the ground. They were created on day three. So whatever shrubs are of the field and whatever plants are of the field, they are not the plants and trees of day three but they are something else--and this becomes fascinating to me. In fact, the word from shrub is cya, cya, in Hebrew and the word for plant is eseb, eseb. The cya of the field and the esebof the field had not yet sprung up for two reasons. They were dependent on rain which didn't come for 1,000 years and they were dependent on man tilling the soil, which he never did until after--what? After the fall. So whatever these plants are, they are dependent on rain, on the one hand, and dependent on the tilling of the soil. They hadn't yet appeared on the earth because there was no rain and man did not till the soil.
Now rain came after the fall. Tilling the ground came after the fall. We can readily conclude then that these plants appeared after the fall and so it is right to say here they weren't on the earth. The post-fall plants weren't on the earth at this time and so the revelation of God is simply telling us that as we begin the generation of man, we are in a pre-fall environment. The fall led to rain, ultimately, in the flood. The fall led to man tilling the soil which brought about certain plants which we not in existence before the fall. So as we ask the question, what then is the cyaof the field and what is the esebof the field, we turn again to our Hebrew scholar.
He writes, "When the verse declares that these species were missing, the meaning is that these kinds were wanting but not other kinds" and that's the point. There were plenty of trees and plenty of plants, as we indicated back on day three and they were used for man as it tells us in verse 29 of chapter one. When he was created, they were there already available for him but these particular two were not in existence. If we _____, he writes, "To understand the significance of the cyaof the field, and the eseb of the field, in the context of our narrative, then we need to glance at the end of the story. It is stated there, in the words addressed by the Lord God to Adam after he sinned. What did God say to Adam? Genesis 3:18. "Thorns and thistles, it shall bring forth to you and you shall eat the esebof the field." That's interesting.
Because of the fall, you're going to have thorns and thistles and you're going to eat the esebof the field. Now the word esebof the field is identical with the expression in this verse. It's the same expression. It's translated in the NI as plant of the field, the second was. It's exactly the same in chapter three, verse 18, identical. "Thorns and thistles are synonymous with the cya of the field. So what he is saying is this, when God first created man, there were no thorns and thistles. We can understand that, can't we? Because there was no fallen-ness. And there were no eseb of the field. What is the eseb of the field? It has reference to those kinds of plants which are the product of man's tilling the soil. You get that? These species didn't exist until after Adam's transgression. In consequence of his fall, weeds, thorns, thistles, the cyacame into existence and so did the kind of eseb, the kind of plants that grow because they are cultivated when man tills the soil. It says, in Genesis 3:23, "You're going to have to till the soil so that"--and this is a very straightforward statement--"so you're going to have to cultivate the ground so that you can take from it food to eat." Literally, verse 19, by the sweat of your face, you're going to eat bread, bread. Literally, 3:18, you're going to eat the esebof the field and then verse 19, you're going to eat bread. Bread was made out of the eseb. What is the esebof the field? Kiseido says it's very clear--barley, oats, wheat, any cultivated grain that you make bread out of. You're going to sweat, tilling the ground to bring forth crops. So the esebis wheat, barley, any kind of grain from which bread was made. And you know, in the pre-fall world, there weren't any cultivated fields. Men didn't till the ground. They didn't make rows and plant seeds and grow crops. They didn't do that. In the original garden, there was a flourishing of everything that man could ever want to eat in varieties that were probably beyond his description. "And the earth brought forth everything of its own accord and there were no thorns and there were no thistles that make the whole tilling process so difficult and so they," says Kiseido, "and when the rains come in the land of Israel, the weeds flourish." And Jesus knew that, didn't He? When He told the parable, in Matthew 13, of the soils. The cyaof the field then refers to the thorns and thistles, the weeds. The esebof the field, refers to the grain that was planted, the ground that was tilled to bring forth crops that could produce man's bread.
What we're learning then, in verse five, is that when the story of man begins, it begins before that ever happened. There was no rain. You know what rain does. It just causes weeds to grow, doesn't it? It does in my yard. It does all over the world and there was no man to till the ground. No rain, no weeds. No man, no crops. So what did we learn here? When God planted the plants and planted trees on the third day, there was a world of vegetation. Trees and plants that naturally reproduced themselves by seed alone. But there were none of these other kinds of plants.
Now in that day, also--look at verse six. And there's been confusion about this verse as well. Even the way it's translated in the NAS but a mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole surface of the ground. Now this has been a somewhat traditional idea that there was some kind of evaporation coming off the ground and watering the earth. Again, when we look more directly into the original Hebrew text, we get a completely different picture. There wasn't any rain but that doesn't mean there wasn't any water. He tells us what happened. Literally, in the Hebrew, it says, "But the waters of the deep"--the waters of the deep, and I'm giving you the literal translation--"went up from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground." This doesn't convey to me the idea of a mist and in fact, you'll notice a marginal note that uses the word "flow". The word is not "mist" here. It's ed. If you translated it, literally, it would be actually ed. It would be a long E and a D with an H kind of softening the E in Hebrew. And what it means is a spring. It literally means something that gushes up out of the ground. It's used, for example, in Numbers 21:17 which talks about spring up of wealth. So the whole earth was water, not by rain coming down but by water coming up from springs, literally, covering the ground, water gushing up from the ground, an intensely-high water table. Not just one spring but a flow rising from the earth, watering the whole surface of the ground. The whole earth with all of its marvelous plants made on day three was literally saturated with water that was in a constant subterranean upward spring. When the water would come up and it flow up, then surely down into subterranean sources again and cycling back up again to water the earth. There was no hydrological cycle. There was no evaporation to the clouds, the clouds moving over the land, dropping water and flowing across the earth and back into rivers and back into the sea and then evaporation. The hydrological cycle didn't exist.
So the word, in Hebrew, edrefers to the waters that sprung up all over the earth and this certainly fits verse 10. You can look at verse 10 and you'll see there that a river flowed out of Eden to water the Garden. And again, there's a spring, a spring-fed river literally gushing up out of the ground in the Garden of Eden, is a source of water that creates a river and really an amazing river that literally covers the entire garden and it divides, according to verse 10, and becomes four rivers--and we'll look at that later on. So in the original creation, the whole word of plants and trees did not receive water from above. They received water from below and the ability--this is very interesting--the ability of the earth to produce flourishing plants and flourishing trees--listen carefully--was never dependent on rain which sometimes comes and sometimes does not, okay? Do we understand that? Do we understand drought? Do we understand what it's like in places where the rain never falls? Do we understand what it's like when you have a severe drought that produces famine? Sure we do, historically. Do you understand then that rain is a judgment. It was a judgment when it came the first time, wasn't it? It was a severe judgment.
And it is the unpredictability of rain--listen--that gives God the right to give it or hold it back, according to His will. Sometimes the rain comes, sometimes it doesn't. Very unpredictable. Rain is a product of the fall. It wasn't that way in the original birth. It wasn't that way in the original garden which meant there was no unpredictability. There was a constant, unending, subterranean, spring-fed circulation of water that literally covered the face of the earth and caused everything to have absolute, unbroken continuity in a perfect hydrological system, rising up out of the ground to always, always, always keep everything completely watered perfectly. There was no randomness to it. It didn't depend on the whims of the wind. It didn't depend on anything and it wasn't something that God had to regulate as a blessing or a curse because there was only perfection and sinless-ness in His perfect world. They drew their water from below, constantly irrigated through the subterranean springs, creating rivers and springs and a water table everywhere across the face of the world.
This very consistent supply of water was in the Garden. It's so noted, Genesis 13:10. It says, "And Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the valley of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere. This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorra." In fact, he said, "It was watered like the Garden of the Lord,"--listen to this, "It was watered like the Garden of the Lord." When he saw a well-watered Jordan, he knew that's what it was in the Garden. It was just saturated with water and he says, at the end of verse 10, "It is like the land of Egypt as you go to Zoar." If any of you know about the amazing function of the Nile River, you know exactly what he's referring to. The Nile River overflows its banks and literally drowns all of the Egyptian delta in water and it does that annually and certainly throughout all of history. It has been the source of the source of flourishing productivity of that area.
And so that's sort of a picture, a post-fall picture of what it was like in Eden and all over the world before the fall. There was water everywhere, covering the ground. Not coming from above, but coming from springs and rivers and saturating the ground. Consistent water supply unbroken, uninterrupted and not at all unpredictable. Kiseido writes, "Man would have continued to enjoy these conditions had he remained free from sin but when he transgressed, the Lord punished him by decreeing that the soil should obtain its moisture from above so that He might requite man according to his deeds, giving him rain in its season, if he was worthy and withholding it, if he was no worthy." And I think he has it right. All of a sudden, rain became a means by which God could bless or judge. So the original hydrological or water cycle was very different from what we know after the fall, after the great flood and now water comes a result of global continental mass air movement, annual seasonal temperature changes and it's in the hands of a sovereign God to give the rain, to hold the rain back.
Now you look at these two verses and you realize that he's saying when man was first created, he didn't have to deal with the issues that came because of his sin. There weren't any weeds. There weren't any crops to till and plant and there wasn't any rain to worry about. It was a perfect world. No weeds on the face of the earth. Nothing to retard the growth of the good things. No crops to till. Food was abundant everywhere and he didn't have to toil for it. And he never had to worry about the water supply. It was unbroken. And then came sin and all of that changed. And now God controls the rain, to give or hold it back.
Psalm 147:8, "God provides rain for the earth." Job 5:10, "God gives rain on the earth and sends water on the fields." It's always at God's discretion that the rain comes. Joel 2:23, "God has given you the early rain. He has poured down for you the rain." Matthew 5:45, "God makes the rain to fall on the just and the unjust." Acts 14:17, Paul is defining the true God and he says, "It is God who gives you rain from heaven." Rain is in His hand, to give it as He sees fit. It is a blessing to use it as judgment. In Jeremiah, chapter five, it talks about how God controls the heavens and controls the earth and everything that is in it. He is the one who makes the earth quake. He is the one who sends the rain and the prophets have said that, repeatedly. He's the one who sends the lightening and the thunder and He controls all that is associated with the rain. It's the God of heaven who controls it all. Jeremiah 14:22, "Are there any among the idols of the nations who give rain?" Jeremiah says, "Do you know any idol who can make it rain or can the heavens grant showers on their own? Is it not thou, Oh Lord, our God? Therefore we hope in thee," says Jeremiah. He knows where the rain comes from. It comes from God. He gives it when he desires to give it and withholds it when He desires to withhold it.
I think I mentioned earlier Jeremiah 5 but I forgot to read it. It says, "It's our Lord God who gives rain in its season, both the autumn rain and the spring rain. It's our God who determines the crop and whether the crop is going to grow." Amos said the same thing, Amos 4:7. And as I said earlier, God can use the rain to destroy as He did in the flood. There are other illustrations of that. I don't want to get too bogged down in this but there are times when God has withheld rain and consequently created havoc in the world and when He has caused rain and that was devastating. For example, in the plagues of Egypt--I'm just thinking of Exodus 9--God sent a very heavy hail of rain that literally turned to hail and was terribly destructive and even brought death in Egypt.
So we're looking at a time before all of that. It was in that marvelous environment of the original creation. No weeds, no need to cultivate crops and constant, unending, full water supply created to maintain the rich indescribable perfections in bounty and delights of the created world. "And so it was in that environment"--verse 7--"that the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living being." There is the creation. Now we know that God created man in His own image from chapter one, verse 26 but here, we are told how He did it. He formed man of dust. Job 10:8 says, "Your hands fashioned me and made me all together." Out of the way, folks, there's no evolution here. You see that? You see any evolution in verse seven? Do you see any pre-human, hominoid ancestors there? There's nothing here about God watched man evolve or God controlled man's evolution. God created him _____ literally created him out of nothing using the dust of the ground. In fact, in Job 4:19, man is described as "Those who dwell in houses of clay whose foundations" says that passage "is in the dust." And Job 10:9, "Remember now that you have made me as clay." Job says, "And would you turn me into dust again"? The testimony of Scripture is that God made man not from an ape or a baboon or a gibbon but He made man from dust. That is the testimony of Scripture, unequivocally the testimony of Scripture. Frankly, verse seven is a death blow to any evolutionary view whatsoever that makes man the process of some series of hominoid mutations. Isaiah 29:16, "Likens man to clay, being fashioned by the potter." And Paul picks that same imagery up, as you know, in Romans 9: 20 & 21. That's from Isaiah, chapter 29. Also, in Isaiah 45:9, we find a similar indication where it talks about the clay, man being the clay, somehow arguing with that potter and of course, that too is part of the imagery that Paul uses in Romans, chapter 9. You also find that in Isaiah 64 in verse eight.
Now for a minute, look at Genesis 3:19. Part of the curse on man is that he's going to die and when he dies, "He will return to the ground because from it, you were taken, for you are dust and to dust you shall return." You come from dust, you shall return to dust reminds me of a little boy who looked under the bed and saw a whole lot of dust and said to his mom, "Quick, mom, somebody's coming or going."
Now, in verse 23, again, it says, "The Lord God sent him"--verse 23, chapter 3--"The Lord God sent him out of the Garden of Eden to cultivate the ground from which he was taken." Listen, it's repeated enough times that anybody who says man developed out of a series of hominoid mutations is flatly denying the clear statement of Scripture, that God created man out of elements that are in the dust. And so what does this mean? Well, the smallest particles of the earth or the basic chemical elements are nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, calcium--we know those components. They make up everything. They make up the dust and they make us up as well. We are made out of the same basic chemical elements. The atoms that compose dirt are like the atoms that compose our bodies and everything else that exists. We are all made out of the same stuff. That is why in I Corinthians 15--I think it's verse 47--it says, "The first man is of the earth." Earthy. You know, you look at a rock and you say, well, certainly, that's an inanimate thing. Am I made of the same components as that rock? The answer is yes. Modern science will verify that you are. So God used some basic, substantial chemical material and He made man, the same way He made dirt and rocks out of the same components. No evolution at all. And then it says, "He breathed into his nostrils the breath of life."
Now that's an anthropomorphic picture. That's a vivid picture. You see God and He's made Adam and He's made him out of dirt and he's just this physical form and then God, as it were, puts His mouth--and it's anthropomorphic because God is a spirit--and He blows into his nostrils the breath of life. That's the imagery. This is to convey the thought that though man had all the physical apparatus, all the organs for life, the immeasurable reality of life is something that's not really part of those physical components. There is a transcendent reality of life that only God can give and it's an immeasurable thing. It's an immeasurable thing. God then blew into him life and started the breathing apparatus moving, the heart pumping, the blood circulating and all of the bodily organs moving in their symbiotic harmony of life. It's the breath of life, he calls it. The breath of life.
Animals have the breath of life. Over in chapter seven, in verse 21 and 22, it talks about birds and cattle and beasts and every swarming thing that swarms on the earth and all mankind and all that was on the dry land, all in who's nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life. So God literally blew life into everything that lives, everything that is animated. Breath is ruoc. It's the same word as "wind". It's the same word as "spirit" but only into man. Although He breathed life into all living creatures, only into man is God breathing life that is in His own image. And then, end of verse seven, "At the moment, became a living being." It became a nefesh. It became a soul. That God breathed in him the immaterial part. Nefesh, I think in the King James, is translated by 21 or 22 different English words but it's always the immaterial part, the inner person, the soul, the spirit and God literally took that form, that physical form made out of chemical components and breathed into it life so that man became nefesh, like other living things but much higher because it was life in the image of God. And so I Corinthians 15:45 says, "The first man, Adam, was made a living soul." Folks, there's evolution here. There's no time here. There's no process. There's no mutating. There's no survival of the fittest. There was no pre-Atomic man of any kind. There is no pre-human man. There is no transitional man. And I'm telling you, I am constantly amazed and I supposed amused the bizarre, unfounded, confused machinations of evolution that have created nothing but an inexplicable, irrational, improvable, chaotic, complex of tangled schemes to explain what God said in one verse. One verse. That's the creation of man.
Now, next time, I'm going to talk about the location of man. But that's all for tonight. Now, I told you, you're going to have to think with me on that one. Let's pray. Father, it's so wonderful to come to grips with the reality of what the Word is saying, to get down into the text and really grasp it. How thrilling it is to see all that You said and how it's unfolded so wonderfully when we look deeply into Your Word. Father, we are blessed, so greatly blessed that we, of all people on the face of the earth, will someday understand what it's like to live in a paradise, what it's like to live in a world without sin, a perfect paradise regained, the glories of eternal heaven. Father, we can't even imagine what it's going to be like when there's no sin, no curse and only delight and joy and fulfillment. Just the way it was, only even greater when You first created man. How sad we are that sin came. How glad we are that a Savior came to save sinners and we praise You and we thank You. Amen.
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text:
only 72 hours o no, how many of them knew there was a filter in the first place?
Network operator Three is to stop filtering out smut that monthly subscribers are attempting to view on their mobile phones. "We know this has frustrated many of you," it said. Punters on PAYG packages will continue to face blocks when they attempt to view certain web sites - and not just rude ones. Three said its filter also …
This is my main problem with this system. It is not ready for prime time. The filters should be able to be turned on or off at mobiles users pleasure. Until then this is possible, it is more of a hindrance than a help.
I does not have to be instant, but within a few days, as phones can be hand me downs within families etc.
Would the phone company be happy if it took days to pull up someone's call logs? Why should their customers wait days for similarly critical tasks.
Half an hour at the most. And there should be none of this "you can only turn it on and off x times". Software is good because you can do things infinite times. Let's not tack pointless restrictions on.
It's not like we're asking some clerk to go to the basement and dig through 40 years worth of paper files. Companies need to learn that computers give them licence to operate differently than before, an opportunity that they should seize with both hands. Otherwise die like the record labels will.
I'm tired of some middle manager who gave up on technology the first time he failed to program his VCR, always telling me that a job will take days or weeks when I know for a fact that it will take seconds.
also b3ta is filtered out, even with the smut filter deactivated. Somehow they think they're going to stop users of b3ta in their tracks with their (chargeable) adult services - even if they were off to b3ta for the latest meme-du-choix
Of course changing your APN from three.co.uk to 3internet side steps it without any mucking about proving how old you are or anything, which is nice.
On a road trip, stuck in traffic I tried to find a few jokes to entertain my friends... kept on getting their filter... or as I call it, the "COME ON, BUY SOME PORN" screen. I rung customer services and all they did was try to sell me the porn. Still provided entertainment for my friends as I spent 30 mins getting more exasperated and shouting "I DON'T WANT ANY PORN, STOP TRYING TO SELL ME PORN!!!"
The "filter" is purely about revenue... if they were concerned with fragile young minds it wouldn't offer, and I quote, "red hot xxx lesbo action!" (their exclamation mark, not mine).
here's a hint, literally nobody cares what YOUR kids see online. least of all you yourself.
so can we please stop this make-believe nonsense that we're protecting people, if you can cite a single peer reviewed paper that is proof positive that this fascist bullshit is of any MEASURABLE benefit AT ALL (you can't), then I STILL won't allow you to censor my internet connection on an opt-out basis.
Fascist should always be OPT IN. Tell that to the god botherers. Tricking people into feeling guilty about their perfectly normal consumption of media has been a nice little earner for thousands of years.
'you can't read that *other* holy text'
'Mr Satan will burn you for eternity. hey dont believe me, believe Mr !Satan.'
oh ok makes sense...
replace "other holy text" with porn and here we are.
time to wake up people.
I ran into 3's filter trying to surf for info on breast augmentation the first week I got a SIM-only contract from them. I cancelled that contract less than half an hour later. I don't want to have to phone some call center minion and tell them I want to be put on the perv list.
But Vodafone, my next provider, were worse. I specifically told the salesperson that I didn't want adult filters on my contract, and I saw her click the checkbox on the application page to disable the adult content filters but they were still in place when I checked. Muppets. Luckily I'm on a SIM-only plan - ditching Vodafone at the end of the month now.
I'm convinced it's less to do with protecting the kiddies than it is with reducing their data volumes. Most customers would be too embarrassed to enable the content and there's no way (I can find) to do it online - you have to phone and talk to someone. Fewer skin pics = lower data costs.
I asked for my filter to be turned off, not because I wanted to look at porn, but because I like WWII history and as soon as a site mentioned NAZI's or Swastikas it was blocked as "Hate". Well that's my story and I'm sticking to it ;)
Anyway, one of their support guys said it was the IWF block which I believe is for child porn and I could turn it off for a fiver a month.
[quote]We don't put a filter on internet for accessing any websites. However the Internet Watch Foundation puts restriction on all website which can be viewed by a person above the age of 18.
So if you want to access any of these sites, you'll need to activate an X-Series Silver Add-on for £5 a month. You can either call us and we'll activate it for you or you can buy the Add-on from My3." [/quote]
The filter was what prompted me to set up a public-facing proxy on my home server, and then redirect my Opera Mobile browser to it, so I wouldn't get blocked from looking at anything "grown-up" (not just filth!).
However I later called them and mentioned it, and they said they could move to their unfiltered X-Series option, at no extra cost, which would remove the filtering. And they did.
As for Three Customer Service, I think they're fab: polite, helpful, and mostly knowleadgeble enough (for call centre staff!). I've consistently got a deal I can't refuse whenever upgrade time comes around. I've learnt though to never speak to the first-line monkeys, but to go to the "I'm thinking of leaving" staff. They have the best deals.
I was wondering if anyone from O2 was reading this story, this is a better way to implement the filtering.
Still, at least they can both be turned off.
Virgin Media have PIN codes on a lot of the Sky Movie channels because they transmit films with 12+ content before the watershed. That's fine.
If you have a Sky box you can turn the PIN off in settings if you want (e.g. when in a household like mine with no children), but Virgin don't allow you to do that.
I called customer services to ask why and they explained the reason for the code being in place.
"To protect children".
Me: "Yes, but I don't have any children and have no plans to have any. Can I turn it off altogether"
VM: "No."
Me: "Why."
VM: "In case you have children visit. Maybe relatives or family friends - do you not have any friends who visit with their chilrden?"
Me: "Yes, occasionally. That probably covers about 15-20 hours a year, but they don't usually watch the TV"
VM: "There you go, you do have children in the house, that's why the filter can't be turned off."
Me: "!" (speechless).
Corporate stupidity, ain't it grand?

subset: commoncrawl


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Federal Student Aid
Grants Update
Summer Initiative
Accessible Technology
Commencement Addresses
Odds and Ends
Quotes to Note
Upcoming Events
Federal Student Aid
July 1 was a historic day in higher education, as provisions of the recently approved Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act took effect. The biggest and most important change was the elimination of the bank-based Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program. All new federal student loans will be made through the Direct Loan Program, whereby students borrow directly from the U.S. Department of Education instead of banks. This change, according to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), will save the federal government $68 billion over the next 11 years. "We are one step closer to achieving the President's goal of having the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020," Secretary Duncan said. "These changes will expand educational opportunities for millions of students and families and will make it easier for them to pay for college."
The Direct Loan Program operates as a public-private partnership leveraging the federal government's lower cost of capital with the expertise of the private sector. While the Department supplies the capital for all new loans, private sector partners disburse, service, and collect the loans. A majority of the nation's 5,106 domestic schools participating in the federal student loan program have successfully transitioned to the Direct Loan Program; several schools operating on alternative academic schedules may not originate their first Direct Loan for several more months.
Pell Grants remain the foundation of federal student aid. The cost savings generated from the transition to Direct Loans enabled an increase in the maximum federal Pell Grant award for the 2010-11 school year to $5,550, an $800 increase since 2009. Reform will also provide a more reliable and predictable source of future funding, by tying annual increases in the Pell Grant award to the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
July 1 also marked the first anniversary of the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, a payment option for federal student loan borrowers that makes monthly payments more affordable by tying payment obligations to income and family size. New regulations expand eligibility. As a result, borrowers who could not benefit from IBR based upon the size of their initial debt, but whose debt has grown with accrued interest, may now qualify. New regulations also eliminate the "marriage penalty" facing many married couplesby considering the total federal student loan debt of the couple when calculating eligibility.
And, on July 1, the interest rate on new subsidized student loans fell from 5.6% to 4.5%.
Note: The Department has announced $25 million to help loan servicers in the FFEL Program retain and redeploy workers most affected by the higher education changes.
Grants Update
The Department continues to award grants under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). With the addition of Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming, 40 states and the District of Columbia have received State Fiscal Stabilization Fund (SFSF) Phase 2 funding. And, with the addition of Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, and Oregon, 38 states and the District of Columbia have received School Improvement Grants (SIG) program funding.
Approximately 339 organizations submitted applications for the Promise Neighborhoods program. The $10 million available in FY 2010 funds will support up to 20 organizations with one-year of funding to plan for the implementation of cradle-to-career services designed to improve educational outcomes for students in distressed neighborhoods. The President's FY 2011 budget includes $210 million to support five-year grants to implement services.
Applications are now available for the Department's Smaller Learning Communities Program (closes 8/6). This program awards grants to school districts to support implementation of smaller learning communities (SLCs) and activities to improve student achievement in large public high schools with enrollments of 1,000 or more students. SLCs include structures like freshman academies, multi-grade academies organized around career interests or other themes, "houses" in which small groups of students remain together throughout high school, and autonomous schools-within-a-school, as well as personalization strategies, such as student advisories, family advocate systems, and mentoring programs.
Summer Initiative
Last week, Secretary Duncan and his wife, Karen Duncan, kicked-off the Department's summer enrichment series, "Let's Read. Let's Move.," on the outdoor plaza of the agency headquarters building with book readings, various art and writing activities, and games. Children in pre-kindergarten through third-grade from area schools and Prince George's County's Head Start and Judy Center programs received free new books and a lunch tote of healthy snacks. The Department launched this new series to combat summer reading loss and physical inactivity that commonly occur during the lengthy school break. Over six sessionsheld weekly between June 29 and August 3the Secretary, Cabinet members, Administration officials, and other public figures will be invited to read books, promote healthy lifestyles, and participate in fitness activities with children. "Let's Read. Let's Move." is in response to the President's national volunteer campaign, "United We Serve," which challenges all Americans to engage in meaningful service activities in their communities this summer. "Let's Read. Let's Move." also spotlights the tenets of the First Lady's "Let's Move!" national campaign to combat childhood obesity.
Accessible Technology
Also last week, the Departments of Education and Justice published a "Dear Colleague" letter reaffirming the agencies' commitment to ensuring students with disabilities have equal access to emerging technologies in colleges and universities. Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Departments share responsibility for protecting the rights of students with disabilities. These landmark laws bar institutions of higher education from requiring the use of technology that is inaccessible to individuals with disabilities, unless the institutions provide accommodations or modifications that would permit an individual with a disability to use the technology in an equally effective manner. The letter is in response to the use of Kindle electronic book readers by certain colleges and universities. While many of the devices have a text-to-speech function, which "reads" on-screen print aloud, they lack menus and controls that individuals who are blind or have low vision can fully navigate.
Commencement Addresses
Concluding the spring graduation season, Secretary Duncan delivered commencement addresses at two California community colleges. "Community colleges are central to building a vibrant economy and resilient workforce," he said, noting that these institutions serve many students who are working, immigrants, raising a family, or the first in their families to attend college. "They are absolutely critical to meeting the President's goal." First, on June 25, in remarks at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, the Secretary discussed the "Protean Career"the need to manage uncertainty, anticipate change, and adapt to it. "Your ability to adapt, to be creative, and to be pursue your passion are, in large measure, going to determine how you fare in the job market and in life," he stated. Then, on June 26, in remarks at De Anza College in Cupertino, he talked about how education helped two immigrants pursue the American dream: Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke and Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor. "[Y]ou are part of an amazingly strong chain here," he said. "You are linked both to those who preceded you and those who will follow you. Education connects generation to generation and, in doing so, becomes the key to our social and economic vitality as a nation." Undersecretary of Education Martha Kanter is the former Chancellor of the Foothill-De Anza Community College District.
Odds and Ends
New resources have been added to the Department's Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) reauthorization blueprint web site.
- Statement of Administration Policy(SAP) delivered to the U.S. House of Representatives, the Administration urges members to approve education jobs funding that does not rescind education reform funding.
Last month, the Secretary addressed the Institute of Education Sciences' (IES) Research Conference and listened and learned from military families and school librarians.
This month, the Secretary spoke to attendees at the National Charter Schools Conference via satellite.
Among IES's newly released reports are "The Evaluation of Charter School Impacts: Final Report"; the 2009 National Indian Education Study; and "Principal Attrition and Mobility: Results from the 2008-09 Principal Follow-Up Survey."
"Evaluation of the Implementation of the Rural and Low-Income School (RLIS) Program: Final Report finds districts primarily used RLIS funds to purchase technology, provide professional development for teachers, and support instructional programs designed to help low-income students. District officials also reported to researchers that they appreciated the flexibility they had to spend money from the RLIS program on local needs. During the 2009-2010 school year, the program distributed $86 million to 1,497 districts in 41 states.
President Obama recently named 103 teachers as recipients of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching.
New Department guidance answers questions that have arisen on the sharing of personally identifiable information from students' education records to outside parties when responding to emergencies.
Quotes to Note
"I was saddened by the death of Senator Robert C. Byrd. He was a legendary figure in the history of the United States Senate and our country.... Among his many legacies, he was a champion for America's children as chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. His leadership will be deeply missed. He was not just a hero to the people of West Virginia; he was a hero for all Americans."
|Secretary of Education Arne Duncan (6/28/10), in a statement on the passing of Senator Robert Byrd
"I am deeply saddened by the death of Bill Taylor. He dedicated his career to ensuring that poor and minority children had access to a high-quality education. Whether he was in the courtroom, the halls of government, or in a congressional hearing room, Bill Taylor was a consistent voice for equity and justicea voice that will be deeply missed."
|Secretary of Education Arne Duncan (6/29/10), in a statement on the passing of Bill Taylor
Upcoming Events
As noted in several previous issues, the Department will convene the 2010 Reading Institute in Anaheim, California, July 19-21. And, the Department of Education is joining with the Department of Health and Human Services to offer an Early Learning and Development Strand at the Institute. "This Administration is committed to effective literacy instruction developed through comprehensive, standards-based reform," stated Secretary Duncan in his letter of invitation. "The Reading Institute demonstrates that commitment. I encourage you to join your fellow educators from around the country and to share this information with others who may be interested." There is no registration fee for the Institute or its specific strands, and some Department grants permit the use of federal funds for professional development and training activities. However, for those unable to attend, seven of the early learning strand's sessions will be streamed online (registration required):
- July 19, 10:15-11:45 a.m. PT, "Federal Investment in Early Learning: Policy Direction, Intent, and Funding" with the Department's Steven Hicks and Steven Means
- July 19, 2:15-3:45 p.m. PT, National Title I Association or firstname.lastname@example.com
- July 20, 9:45-11:15 a.m. PT, International Reading Association
- July 20, 12:45-2:15 p.m. PT, National Governors Association
- July 20, 2:30-4:00 p.m. PT, Council of Chief State School Officers
- July 20, 4:00-5:00 p.m. PT, National Title I Association or email@example.com
- July 21, 11:15 a.m.-12:45 p.m. PT, Title I community leaders with the Department's Zollie Stevenson
On July 21, at the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., the Department of Education and the Smithsonian Institution will convene experts in education and technology to share effective models and innovative practices for improving teaching and learning in rural schools. Presentations and discussions at the National Rural Education Technology Summit will focus on how rural schools can use technology to overcome the challenges of distance and isolation, while capitalizing on the positive opportunities in rural areas. Also, the day before, the Smithsonian will be hosting behind-the-scenes tours of its most popular museums and a special reception at the National Museum of Natural History.
On July 26, at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the Department is offering a webinar entitled "Equipment and Property Management." The presentation will provide agency grantees and subgrantees an overview of federal guidance and requirements for the oversight and management of equipment and property acquired using federal funds, as well as discuss the relationship between these requirements and ARRA funding. Topics include requirements for retaining documentation related to equipment and property purchases, the importance of ongoing monitoring of the use and disposition of this equipment and property, and conducting a regular inventory of items purchased with federal funding.
July is a hot month for conferences! The Department will exhibit at the National Council of La Raza's Conference in San Antonio (July 10-13), the NAACP's Convention in Kansas City, Missouri (July 10-15), the National School Public Relations Association's National Seminar in Charlotte (July 11-14), the School Nutrition Association's Conference in Dallas (July 11-14), the League of United Latin American Citizens' Convention in Albuquerque (July 12-17), the College Board's Advanced Placement (AP) Conference in Washington, D.C. (July 14-18), the National Conference of State Legislatures' Legislative Summit in Louisville (July 25-29), and the National Urban League's Conference also in Washington, D.C. (July 27-31). If you are attending any of these major events, please stop by the Department's booth.
This summer, there will be a break in ED Review's regular two-week cycle. In the interim, please visit http://www.ed.gov/ and scan the headlines and read the blog. Also, the next issue of ED Review will summarize the major activities of the previous weeks.
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New Logo Design for Mac Daddy Muscle
Held by: Michael Peterec (mpeterec)
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About Us
Glastonbury Abbey is a registered charity - Number 1129263 - and a company limited by guarantee with visitor income and donations the only source of income.
In 1907 the ruins and neighbouring Abbey House were sold at public auction and the whole property was bought by Ernest Jardine from Nottingham who offered it to the Church of England at cost price.
The funds were raised by 1909 and on June 22 that year the Prince and Princess of Wales visited to celebrate the restoration of the abbey to the Church of England.
The charity preserves the fabric and grounds of Glastonbury Abbey ruins, provides education in the abbey's religious and historic importance for the public benefit and uses the abbey to advance religion in accordance with the doctrines of the Church of England.
The abbey is a scheduled ancient monument and listed building of national importance. The ruins, grounds and Accredited museum are open to the public for 364 days a year.
We also provide an education service and an annual events and exhibitions programme. We are visited by nearly 100,000 people from all over the world each year but also hold a special place in the heart of the local community.
The abbey is governed by a board of trustees.


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Nicky Hu won the first set in his singles match Sunday at No. 3 (Harvard Athletic Communications).
NORMAN, Okla. – After a dramatic, 4-3 win over No. 30 Notre Dame Saturday, the No. 28 Harvard men's tennis team met a stiff challenge from host No. 8 Oklahoma Sunday with the Sooners taking a 4-0 victory in the ITA Kickoff finale. Harvard moves to 1-1 on the season in dual matches.
The doubles matches were closely contested and the Crimson and Sooners stayed close through the early going. Service breaks went the way of the hosts, however, and the top team of Shaun Chaudhuri and Casey MacMaster dropped an 8-4 decision to Costin Paval and Dane Webb. Nicky Hu and Andy Nguyen, Harvard's second tandem, stood tied at 7-7 in their match when Nicholas Mahlangu and Alex Steinroeder fell, 8-5, as Oklahoma clinched the doubles point.
Harvard started singles play in a 2-0 hole, having to forfeit the No. 6 match. Axel Alvarez Llamas took down rookie Kelvin Lam, 6-2, 6-0 to put the hosts within one point of clinching the match. Steinroeder battled hard in the second singles slot, but Guillermo Alcorta proved too strong in a 6-4, 6-3 final, sealing the 4-0 win for the Sooners. Hu claimed the first set against Webb at No. 3, but the two weren't able to complete their match as Alcorta's win stopped the action.
The tough road continues for Harvard next weekend when it travels to New York to take on St. John's and Alabama at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.
OU 4, Harvard 0
1. Paval/Webb (OU) def. Chaudhuri/MacMaster (Harvard), 8-4
2. Alcorta/Alvarez Llamas (OU) vs. Hu/A. Nguyen (Harvard), 7-7 dnf
3. Siributwong/Stakhovsky (OU) def. Mahlangu/Steinroeder (Harvard), 8-5
1. Costin Paval (OU) vs. Shaun Chaudhuri (Harvard), 6-2, dnf
2. Guillermo Alcorta (OU) vs. Alex Steinroeder (Harvard), 6-4, 6-3
3. Dane Webb (OU) vs. Nicky Hu (Harvard), 4-6, 6-2, dnf
4. Axel Alvarez Llamas (OU) def. Kelvin Lam (Harvard), 6-2, 6-0
5. Nick Papac (OU) vs. Conor Haughey (Harvard), 6-4, dnf
6. Forfeited by Harvard


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Welcome to 1st 4 Cleaner Carpets Solihull, your local carpet, upholstery, leather and soft furnishings specialists, for domestic and commercial properties, including offices, G.P surgeries, pubs, clubs, restaurants, schools and nursing homes.
Why bother?? We regularly clean our clothes and change our towels & bed linen - Why? - because they become dirty and smelly and we want them to look and feel fresh.
The same everyday conditions apply to our carpets and upholstery as to our clothes - vacuuming will only remove surface dirt and dust, leaving behind the grit that destroys the fabric and fibres.
We can help you achieve summer freshness all year round. We recommend carpets and upholstery are cleaned at least once a year.


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List of Political Groups in Singapore
From BluWiki
This list is part of my open thesis project. Please help me by adding groups that are missing!
Governmental Agencies
- Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and Ministry of Defence (MINDEF)
- Ministry of Home Affairs
- Ministry of Manpower
- Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)
- Jurong Town Corportation
Political Parties
- People's Action Party (ruling party)
- Worker's Party of Singapore
- Singapore Democratic Party
- National Solidarity Party
Civil Society Groups
- Aware (Association of Women for Action


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10 secrets to staying pain-free
Pinch yourself. You didn't do it, right? After all, who would intentionally hurt herself? Well, you may be doing just that. In fact, most of us do things every day—things so common we don't give them a second thought—that can set us up for headaches, stomach pain, sore backs and more down the road. "In young women, pain is often preventable because it's caused by something we can pinpoint—feeling stressed, what you wear, even your diet," says Perry G. Fine, M.D., professor of anesthesiology at the University of Utah School of Medicine's Pain Research Center in Salt Lake City. Think your habits aren't giving you grief? Take this quiz to find out. What you don't know could be hurting you.
1. On a scale of 1 to 10 (10 being the highest), my daily stress level is...
- A. Between 1 and 5.
- B. Six or higher.
The painful choice: B Migraine sufferers pointed to stress as their top head-pain trigger in a study published in the International Headache Society's journal Cephalalgia. And other research suggests stress is a factor in allover aches. For instance, 56 percent of those who had suffered acute back pain or other minor muscle strains in the past year said the problems were exacerbated by recession-related angst, according to a 2009 American Pain Foundation poll. "The same brain regions that play a role in mood also process pain signals, so feelings of stress and pain influence each other," Dr. Fine says. "And some people tense up muscles in their neck, shoulders and face in response to stress, which can also lead to or worsen pain." What better excuse to find effective ways to wind down? For proven relaxation techniques, turn to "New Takes on Natural Cures."
2. During arguments with my honey, I tend to...
- A. Explain calmly how I'm feeling.
- B. Lose my cool—even if I try not to!
The painful choice: B Couples who use more thoughtful words when they're fighting, such as consider and understand, had lower levels of cytokines—pro-inflammatory proteins linked to arthritis, fibromyalgia and other chronic pain conditions—than those who used fewer of them, the journal Health Psychology reports. "Arguing is stressful, and in times of stress, cytokines increase," says study author Jennifer Graham, Ph.D., assistant professor of biobehavioral health at Penn State University at University Park. "But speaking mindfully and trying to make sense of the issue helps dampen stress and keep cytokine levels lower." So the next time you butt heads with your partner, aim to clearly express how you're feeling and why, Graham suggests—it could fend off physical pain and heartache.
3. When ordering dinner, I typically go for...
- A. A cheeseburger and fries.
- B. Grilled salmon and a salad.
The painful choice: A Sometimes, nothing beats a juicy burger. But the saturated fat in beef and fried foods can raise levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol, and over time, LDL becomes oxidized in the arteries. "My research has shown that oxidized LDL triggers immune cells to produce a chemical that causes bone loss," says Rita B. Effros, Ph.D., professor of pathology and laboratory medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles. And that ups your risk for fractures and, yes, pain. To keep LDL levels in check, eat plenty of fresh produce, lean proteins (such as chicken and fish) and fiber (found in whole-grain breads and pastas).
4. When I'm at work, I sit...
- A. For hours at a time.
- B. Sporadically. I walk around a lot.
The painful choice: A Nose-to-the-grindstone workers are far more likely than people who take regular breaks from their desk to have neck, shoulder, wrist and lower-back pain. "Most people have terrible computer posture, which can lead to muscle cramps and degeneration in spinal disks and joints," warns Michael Hisey, M.D., medical director of the Texas Back Institute in Plano. To help prevent misalignment, keep your feet flat on the floor, your elbows at a 90-degree angle with wrists straight and your head positioned straight atop your neck. Even with proper posture, breaks are critical: Movement keeps the fluid in joints flowing so they stay lubricated, limber and twinge-free, Dr. Hisey says. Walk around for a minute or two every half hour.
5. I exercise...
- A. Regularly.
- B. Rarely.
The painful choice: B There's good sore, the kind you feel after a vigorous workout, and bad sore, the hurty kind that tells you something's wrong. Unfortunately, the less you feel of the good kind, the more likely you are to be familiar with the bad: A review of 39 studies in the International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health suggests that sedentary folks may be more prone to lower-back and neck pain than those who enjoy a more active life. Alternatively, getting three hours a week of aerobic activity such as brisk walking is linked to less lower-back pain, the American Journal of Public Health reports. Exercise may raise levels of beta-endorphins, brain chemicals that increase our pain threshold, says study author Eric Hurwitz, Ph.D.
6. My closet is full of...
- A. Heels—the higher, the hotter!
- B. Flats. I need to be comfortable.
The painful choice: A and B Sorry, trick question. Let's start with your stilettos: Super spiky heels with narrow toe boxes can lead to stress fractures in the forefoot, hammertoe, bunions and other problems. "They also shift your weight forward, so to maintain balance, you arch your back, which puts stress on your spine and knees," says Jacqueline Sutera, D.P.M., a spokeswoman in New York City for the American Podiatric Medical Association. What's wrong with flats? "They often lack arch support, which can make your foot's natural curve collapse," Sutera says. The resulting imbalance can cause knee, hip and back pain. We'd never tell you to forgo all heels, but for everyday wear, opt for pairs 2 inches or lower in height. Seek out supportive flats with rubber soles and cushioned insoles that have a visible arch, and switch into them whenever you can.
7. When times are tough, I usually...
- A. Lean on loved ones.
- B. Deal with it on my own.
The painful choice: B Going it alone when you're hurting can make pain feel much more intense. Research has linked social support to a lower perception of pain during childbirth, recovery from an operation and more. And a (slightly sadistic) study in the journal Psychological Science finds that women who held hands with their partner or simply looked at a picture of him while their arms were exposed to a hot metal object felt less discomfort than those who held hands with a stranger. "It may be that our brain releases opioids, pain-killing brain chemicals, when we're having a comforting social interaction," says study author Sarah Master, Ph.D., research associate at UCLA. Remember, your loved ones want you to feel better, so call your mom already.
8. My favorite form of communication is...
- A. My cell phone. I'm on it constantly.
The painful choice: A and B They don't call it "wired" for nothing: Being constantly plugged in can not only stress you out but also zap your physical well-being. "Textaholics can get texter's thumb, in which the thumb tendon becomes painfully inflamed," explains Juliet DeCampos, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon in Pensacola, Florida. "And holding your cell to your ear for 20 minutes or more strains arm and neck muscles." Keeping texting to a minimum and using a headset when you're chatting can help minimize pain, but consider turning off your cell for an hour a day: It could preserve your body—and your sanity!
9. On the weekend, I...
- A. Wake up at about the same time I do during the week.
- B. Love to catch up on my sleep.
The painful choice: B Change your sleeping patterns—whether you log extra hours on a Saturday or short yourself on zzz's on a weeknight—and you may wake up to a world of hurt. "Staying in bed for more than eight hours can leave you sore all over. Movement and adequate activity is key to maintaining healthy muscles, connective tissue and bones," Dr. Fine explains. "And sleep disruptions and deprivation can exacerbate chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia and migraine." Although the science behind slumber's role in pain is still foggy, one thing is clear: Sticking to the same bedtime and getting seven to eight hours of shut-eye a night can make for more comfortable mornings.
10. My taste in art and music veers toward...
- A. Light and cheerful.
- B. Dark and disturbing.
The painful choice: B Looking at pleasant pictures (say, of your family) or listening to pleasing tunes can ease the intensity of pain, whereas troubling images and songs can make you feel worse, says Mathieu Roy, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University in NYC. "When you're in a good mood, you're predisposed to perceive events—even painful ones—more positively," Roy says. If pain is bringing you down, simply put on a peppy CD or leaf through photos that make you smile.
Behind your answers
If you selected ?the painful choice? in questions 1, 2, 4 and 7, stress is likely a major factor in your aches. Questions 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 are habit-related, so if this is where your picks proved painful, our lifestyle tweaks should help you find relief. If you?re still suffering, go to the American Pain Foundation website.


text:
Kood Step-Up Ring 27mm - 28mm
This product is not currently in stock, but is usually available from our supplier within 5-7 days of your order being placed.
Step-up ring allowing 28mm filters and accessories to be fitted to a 27mm filter thread. More
1x Kood Step-Up Ring 27mm - 28mm Sorry, there are no more available.
Product Specification
|For Use With
|27mm Thread
|Step Up Ring


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What is MobileMe?
MobileMe is Apple's new Internet service for Mac, iPhone, iPod touch, and PC that takes the best of .Mac and adds many new features. With MobileMe you will continue to get services that take advantage of Mac integration such as iDisk, and photo sharing from iPhoto '08 or later. You also get a suite of new web applications at me.com; email, contacts, and calendar; and 20 GB of online storage.
What happened to www.mac.com?
MobileMe has a new home at www.me.com where you will find a suite of web applications. We recommend that you update your bookmarks to www.me.com.
Does MobileMe work with my Mac the way .Mac did?
Yes. With MobileMe, you continue to enjoy features that take advantage of seamless integration with Mac OS X and iLife, such as:
- Back to My Mac
- Access to your iDisk in the Finder
- iWeb site hosting
- Mac-to-Mac syncing of contacts, calendars, bookmarks, and more
- Photo sharing directly from iPhoto '08 and Aperture 2 or later
- Movie sharing directly from iMovie '08 or later
I see .Mac preferences in System Preferences. How do I change that to MobileMe preferences?
- If you have Mac OS X v10.5.x Leopard: Upgrade to Mac OS X v10.5.8.
- If you have Mac OS X v10.4.x Tiger: This is normal for this version of the operating system. You can continue to use .Mac preferences.
Did my online storage increase with the upgrade?
Yes. With MobileMe, most users receive twice as much storage as with .Mac:
- Individual subscription storage doubles from 10 GB to 20 GB.
- Family Packs now get 40 GB of storage: 20 GB for the main account and 5 GB for each of the four sub-accounts.
If you purchased a storage upgrade, it will also be upgraded at no additional charge:
- A 10 GB storage upgrade is now 20 GB. Your new total storage will be 40 GB.
- A 20 GB storage upgrade is now 40 GB. Your new total storage will be 60 GB.
I have an iPhone or iPod Touch with contacts, calendars, and bookmarks already on it. How do I activate MobileMe?
It's easy and only takes a few minutes. Just be sure to follow these instructions to avoid overwriting any of the data on your phone during your initial set up.
Can I send and receive email from both @mac.com and @me.com?
If you had a working @mac.com email address as of July 9, 2008 you can continue to use that address as you always have, as well as your new address @me.com. And emails sent to either address will appear in your inbox on the web as well as your devices. For instructions on how to use both email addresses, including how to set up your Mac, PC, iPhone, or iPod touch, read Setting up MobileMe email on your Mac.
What happens to my iWeb sites? Have the URLs changed?
Your iWeb websites are still available at the same URLs and has also been given a new URL at (www.me.com). For example, (web.mac.com/emily_parker/) will work as will (web.me.com/emily_parker) -- both go to the same website. If you have a personal domain set up for your iWeb site, it should continue to work without changing any settings at your registrar.
What about my Web Gallery?
Web Gallery is now MobileMe Gallery. If you have already created a Gallery, all your photos and movies are still there at the same URL. In addition your Gallery also has a new URL at me.com. For example, http://gallery.mac.com/emily_parker also exists at http://gallery.me.com/emily_parker so that whether your friends have the old URL or the new one, they can find your photos.
Can I still use my mac.com ID as an Apple ID?
Yes. Your @mac.com ID will still work as an Apple ID for purchases on the iTunes Store, Apple Online Store, and to purchase Apple print products created with iPhoto or Aperture. You may continue to use your @mac.com ID or your new me.com ID as an Apple ID. Both names will access the same account.
Can I continue to use my mac.com ID for iChat?
Your @mac.com ID will still work for iChat. You may also use your @me.com ID for iChat. However, it will be separate from your mac.com iChat ID and will work only as long as your MobileMe subscription is active.
What happened to Learning Center?
Learning Center was originally designed to help you learn how to use .Mac and get the most out of your Mac. As part of this transition from .Mac, MobileMe will include a full set of tutorials at Apple.com and in-depth help content at me.com. You can also visit www.apple.com/findouthow for free tutorials that will teach you Mac basics and give you pointers on how to work with photos, movies, music, and more.
Were any other .Mac features affected?
As part of the transition to MobileMe, some features were discontinued: Web access to bookmarks (bookmark sync between your Macs and PCs is still supported), iCards, .Mac slides, and support for Mac OS X v10.3 Panther sync. Since the MobileMe transition, .Mac Groups and .Mac Homepage have also been discontinued.
Which web browsers work with MobileMe?
Because MobileMe's web applications take advantage of the latest web technologies, you should make sure you use the following browsers:
- On your Mac: Safari 4, Safari 5, or Firefox 3 (or later).
- For your PC: Safari 4, Safari 5, Firefox 3 (or later), Microsoft Internet Explorer 8, and Microsoft Internet Explorer 7. Note: Internet Explorer 7 is not fully supported. Internet Explorer 7 has known compatibility issues with modern web standards that affect web 2.0 applications, such as MobileMe. You can use Internet Explorer 7, but you will not have access to all MobileMe features and will experience slower performance.
Will my .Mac slides continue to work?
Pictures in the iDisk pictures folder will still appear in Screen Saver in System Preferences, but the .Mac slides publisher is no longer available, and the latest versions of iPhoto and Aperture will no longer support publishing of .Mac slides. If you use an older version of iPhoto or Aperture, you can continue to publish photos to your iDisk for the time being.
I have a .Mac retail box. Can I still use it to activate?
Yes. Just go to www.me.com/activate and enter your code to get started.
What will happen to my old emails stored on .Mac?
You can still access all of your existing email messages with MobileMe Mail. You don't have to do anything. Your contacts that were in .Mac Address Book also will be available on MobileMe Contacts.
I have an Email Only account. How does that work now?
You can check your MobileMe email with your iPhone and iPod touch, and you can also access your email at me.com and on your Mac and Windows PC. However, your Address Book data will not be synced.
Can I purchase additional Email Only accounts?
Email Only accounts have been discontinued. Only existing Email Only accounts may still be renewed. If you would like to share your MobileMe account with other family members, you may purchase a Family Pack upgrade in the Account section of me.com at any time during your subscription.
My .Mac account will renew after July 9, 2008. Will I be charged the new MobileMe price?
Yes. MobileMe individual subscriptions are now just $99 USD.
Which version of Mac OS X do I need to use MobileMe?
On a Mac, MobileMe requires the latest versions of Mac OS X v10.5 or Mac OS X v10.4.11 (Use Software Update to update to the latest versions).
I have Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger, can I still use MobileMe?
Most MobileMe features work with Tiger, but you must be running the latest version (currently version 10.4.11) and MobileMe features will still appear as .Mac. Some features, such as Back to My Mac, do require Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. For details about using Mail with MobileMe in Mac OS X v10.4.11, read Setting up MobileMe email on your Mac.
I'm still running Mac OS X v10.3 Panther or older. Can I use MobileMe?
Most MobileMe features will not work on Mac OS X versions older than 10.4 Tiger. This is due to the fact that MobileMe incorporates new technologies and capabilities that came along after these OS versions were created. However, some functions should continue to work, including:
- Email using Mac OS X Mail
- Using iDisk in the Finder
- Publishing from iWeb 1.0
I let my .Mac member expire. Can I get the same name @me.com?
Names for MobileMe are available on a first-come, first-served basis. If you were an active .Mac member as of July 9, 2008 then your member name is also yours for @me.com.
How long do I get to keep my @mac.com address?
As long as your account remains active, your @mac.com address will work as it always has. However, if your account is cancelled and you return later, you will only receive an @me.com address.
Will I be able to publish and subscribe to calendars?
Yes. However, they won't appear online at www.me.com/calendar or on iPhone or iPod touch.
When I choose "Publish to MobileMe" in iCal, will it publish to both ical.mac.com and ical.me.com?
No. Published calendars will continue to reside at ical.mac.com/membername/Calendarname.
How do I renew a Family Pack master account?
If you are the owner of the Family Pack master account, you can continue to renew your Family Pack subscription in the Account section on me.com. Your account will renew as an Individual account with a Family Pack upgrade.
How do I reclaim my old member name for MobileMe?
Names that have not been used for a certain amount of time may have been recycled. Try logging in with your old member name and password. If that works, you can reactivate your account to reclaim your name. If it doesn't, try signing up for a new MobileMe account with your former name. If that doesn't work, that recycled name may have been taken by a new MobileMe member. You will need to choose a different name for your new MobileMe account.
I have more questions about MobileMe. Where can I go for help?
See MobileMe Help and MobileMe Support for more information about MobileMe.


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Welcome to Printing at Barnard. Through negotiated contracts with local print vendors, we are able to provide high quality print solutions to meet the needs of students, faculty, and staff. Under this program, the Manager of Business Operations is your contact and facilitator for all b&w, and color photocopying and digital printing needs.
Steps for requesting printed materials:
- Complete the Print Request Form
Submit to Business Operations by email or save and place your order in person
- Submit a File
You can place your file and your saved order form in our secure Printing at Barnard Dropbox
- Get an Estimate
If you require a price estimate, include your request for an estimate on the print request form. Make sure to include order number, all job specifications and billing information to receive an accurate estimate. Make sure you have the funds available in your printing budget line.
- Review of Printer's Proof
If you require a Printer's Proof for your project, this is your opportunity to see exactly how your order will look once it's been printed, and your absolute last chance to change anything.
Note: Your order will not be issued to the vendor until you approve the print proof.
- Order Submission to Vendor
The Manager of Business Operation, Aaron Kinard will then select the best print vendor for your print job.
- Delivery of Order
Depending on the complexity of your print job, typical jobs can take anywhere from 24 to 48 hours. Unless otherwise specified, all orders will be delivered to Central Receiving.


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THE BRAZEN CAREERIST- Hate mail: The questions I really don't want
People always ask me to answer questions. So I am sort of going to answer questions. Questions I hate
Question number one: The obnoxious reference check
[Name redacted] is applying for a position at our company and listed you as a reference. I was hoping that you could complete the brief questionnaire attached to this email to provide your feedback. Thank you in advance for your help, and please feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
This email is from InvestorGuide.com. Let me tell you something: That questionnaire was not brief. It was about 10 essay questions and then insanely inapplicable multiple choice questions.
This company is ridiculous for sending an onerous questionnaire to references. For one thing, it puts me in a bad spot because I loved working with the guy who gave my name as a reference, so I want to give him a good report, so I have no choice but to fill out the BS questions and try to have a good attitude.
The other reason the company should not send a form like this is they look incompetent. Not just for destroying the relationships potential new hires have with their references, but also for not being able to make hiring decisions without asking a third-party if the candidate is professional. Seriously. Open your eyes in the interview, guys.
Question number two: Salary gap whiners
This is for every single person in the whole world who bitches to me that there is a gender gap in the salary department. All of you.
I've spent the last five years interviewing the people who do the salary discrepancy research and dig into the details, and I report on it constantly, and the people who tell me there is a salary gap do not read this stuff.
First: Women who are in their 20s earn more than men in major cities. So this means that any data you show me about salary gap is focusing on older women. They had less opportunities, they are gonna retire, and the world has already revolved around the Baby Boomers. I'm done talking about salary gap like Baby Boomers are the only demographic that matters.
Second: Feminism in the workplace is over. So everyone should just shut up about dividing the workplace into men and women. Men are helping women all the time. Women love working with men. And look! Workplace spouses are the only intense flirting outlet that Cosmo readers voted was within relationship bounds.
Even if there were a salary gap, which there isn't, women do not help themselves by bitching about it. If you work for a company that pays women less than men, just leave. Who controls you? You do.
Third: The gap is a result of women making decisions that men don't make. I have written about this so many times because the research pops up constantly. Here's another piece. From Cornell University (via Self magazine): A woman whose spouse works 60 hours a week is 52 percent more likely to quit her job than a man whose wife does the same.
Women choose different paths than men. Which means that women who have the same education and same skills set earn less than men because most women want different things than most men do. And this is okay. Really.
Penelope Trunk has started several companies and worked for many more.


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Post any suggestions closely related to the global RBE proposal that you would like Linguistic Team International to consider for translation.
RBE-relevancy strongly matters here. ^^
This is the landing pad for fulfilled LTI project requests.
If we live to ourselves, I can assure you, we will die of ourselves.
By Ray (Jun 30th 2015, 9:57am)
By 4ndy (May 2nd 2013, 1:34am)
By 4ndy
(Aug 2nd 2013, 4:10pm)
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