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Community Developments Investments (August 2013)
Prospering Together on Top of the World
How First National Bank Alaska Became a Leading Financial Partner of Alaska Native Corporations
Jay Page, Vice President, First National Bank Alaska
First National Bank Alaska boasts a rich history of helping provide opportunity to all Alaskans. Alaskan-owned and operated since 1922, First National today proudly meets the financial needs of its customers with 30 branches and ATMs in 18 communities throughout the state. The bank lends money to grow businesses, build homes, and send students to college. It also supports its local communities through donations, grants, and volunteerism.
The Alaska Native community is an important segment of the bank's customer base. One way the bank lends to and invests in Alaska Native-owned businesses and enterprises is through its work with the U.S. Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development (IEED) loan guarantee program. First National is the state's top IEED lender.
To better appreciate the nature of banking in our region, let's take a look at Alaska's economy, the unique aspects of doing business with Alaska Native corporations, and the bank's relationship with the IEED program and how this relationship benefits the local economy.
Alaska's Economy: A Three-Legged Stool
Oil production and federal spending make up about two-thirds of Alaska's economy. The remaining third is made up of all other economic activity.
Liken the economy to a three-legged stool: It takes all three to support businesses and households.
People from all walks of life have long called for the diversification of the Alaskan economy, but that has proved to be easier said than done, largely because of the state's remoteness. The high cost of transportation caused by the long distances is so prohibitive that it is difficult to add value to raw material and remain competitive in national or global markets. It makes more economic sense to export the raw material for processing elsewhere. The result is that the state serves as the center of the import-export cycle—the arrival point for imported goods and the departure point for exported raw materials.
Despite the lack of economic diversity, Alaska is still prosperous, and its growing economy has enabled successful operation of private businesses for decades. It has remained essential that everyone in the state understands and actively supports the "three-legged stool" in order to keep the economy strong.
Whatever job an Alaskan has—in a grocery store or bank or state agency—it depends in some way on the three legs of the Alaskan economy.
Alaska Native Corporations: Major Economic Players
The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was signed into law by President Richard Nixon in December 1971. Disputed aboriginal land claims were extinguished and, in turn, titles were transferred to 12 newly formed Alaska Native regional corporations and more than 200 village corporations in the regions.
Native corporations were deeded 44 million acres of land and were paid $963 million. ANCSA also allowed for creation of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, which has shipped to market 16 billion barrels of oil as of 2010. For Alaska Natives as well as the oil industry, the state's economic engine was primed.
In the early 1970s, the world of business was mostly foreign to Natives from far-flung, undeveloped villages like Barrow. ANCSA was passed before there was oil development on the nearby North Slope. Natives of Alaska's interior were experts in subsistence hunting and fishing but most had no business experience. So, early on, many Native corporations and individuals from rural Alaska had difficulty starting and sustaining businesses. A few corporate bankruptcies were filed and problems arose while trying to develop profitable business enterprises from scratch. The good capital needed to leverage deals wasn't easy to find.
But as Alaska Native corporations gained experience and matured, business-savvy shareholders appeared to take the leadership positions and, as they gained more experience, the corporations transformed themselves into solid businesses and assumed an integral role in the overall Alaskan economy. Just recently, Alaska Business Monthly recognized the 49 largest Alaskan-owned companies by gross revenue as of year-end 2011. The 20 Alaska Native-owned companies on the list accounted for 73.7 percent of the combined gross revenue for all 49 companies and 62.4 percent of all Alaska-based jobs. The success since the early 1970s is due to many factors, not the least of which is the IEED loan guarantee program.
Lending to Alaska Native Enterprises
Lending to Alaska Native for-profit companies is similar to lending to any other business.
Pledged collateral, whether it is buildings, equipment, or tenant improvements, is typically privately owned property. The majority of First National's IEED lending is secured by property and equipment residing on private property. Making loans becomes more challenging when the collateral is on tribal land.
Native villages are recognized by the federal government as sovereign nations, so foreclosure or repossession on tribal land requires the consent of the Native village. For practical purposes, lenders often require the village to execute a waiver of sovereignty specific to the asset or assets being pledged.
It has been our experience that villages understand why the waivers are required, and in most situations borrower and lender can work together to keep a loan in place.
Not Unlike Any Other Commercial Loan
The IEED loan guarantee program helps First National meet the needs of many Alaskans. To qualify for an IEED guarantee, the borrowing entity must be at least 51 percent Native owned, but as mentioned earlier, jobs are created for both Native and non-Native employees to the benefit of the local economy.
A Native corporation is 100 percent Native owned, but a limited liability company can be classified as Native owned if it is at least 51 percent Native owned. An IEED guarantee lapses if the borrowing entity becomes less than 51 percent Native owned during the course of the loan. First National has not had that happen.
Currently, we have 46 IEED-guaranteed loans with an aggregate balance of more than $118 million, making us the top IEED lender in the state.
Processing a loan with an IEED guarantee is similar to processing other commercial loans, with minor additional steps.
Typically, the bank provides the borrower with a checklist of items needed to consider the loan request. When First National reviews a complete application, we consider the effect an IEED guarantee would have. If we think the application is a sound proposition that is enhanced by IEED involvement, the loan is approved. IEED has a checklist of items it wants to see when the bank applies for the guarantee. That checklist is the same as our initial checklist to the borrower, so there is no redundancy or delay in the process. IEED communicates with the loan officer on points of clarification, and IEED makes its decision.
The Alaska state IEED currently has authority to approve loan guarantees up to $3 million. Turnaround time for loan guarantee approval is very good. Loans greater than $3 million are submitted locally and sent to Washington, D.C., for approval. Depending on government funding cycles and IEED processes, loan guarantee approval can take two weeks to two months.
First National does not submit applications to IEED unless it thinks the applicant has a sound credit. There may be a lack of business history or we may be dealing with specialized collateral, but if we have a strong belief in the applicant's credit we will submit it for IEED consideration.
An IEED Assist
How does a bank collateralize itself while providing construction and term financing for a submerged fiber-optic cable hundreds of miles long? In our case, Kodiak-Kenai Cable Company's unconventional project came to life when First National helped secure a 90 percent IEED loan guarantee.
Kodiak Island, once served by bouncing signals off satellites, now has subsea cable service that is also relayed to surrounding villages such as Ouzinkie and Old Harbor. Now diagnoses of medical conditions in remote Kodiak can be done by doctors in Anchorage through telemedicine. Communications are more reliable and better quality, at a more reasonable cost.
Native nonprofit groups benefit from the IEED guarantee program as well. The Native Village of Tyonek is recognized by the U.S. Department of Interior as the Indian tribal government for the village of Tyonek. The village administers contracts and grants for the benefit of Native inhabitants of Tyonek pursuant to the Indian Tribal Governmental Tax Status Act of 1982, as amended.
Village Chief Frank Standifer recognized a need to renovate and remove asbestos from the 47-year-old village headquarters. At the time, the building housed village offices, Tyonek Native Corporation, Tyonek Contractors LLC, a university program, and government and nonprofit organizations that benefit the community. The bank secured an IEED guarantee on a term loan to fund construction work to keep the building in service for decades.
The IEED loan guarantee program can also be used for smaller deals. One example is the Aurora Lodge loan. Many rural Alaskans have never traveled out of their village or region, and a first trip to Anchorage can be a culture shock. An IEED-guaranteed loan from First National Bank Alaska let 15th Terrace LLC finance Aurora Lodge, a small boardinghouse in a quiet part of town enjoyed by visitors from rural Alaska.
IEED does not have maximum or minimum loan amount restrictions. If a deal makes sense it will be considered, but very small deals don't go to IEED. First National has individual loans guaranteed in excess of $10 million, but when a villager needs a new kicker (outboard boat motor) to pull in his fishnets from the Kuskokwim River, or needs $2,000 for fuel oil to heat the house in winter, we make those loans at the branch and get paid when seasonally made money comes to the borrower.
Working hand in hand with IEED allows Alaska-owned First National to help Alaska Native enterprises grow and prosper. In turn, this work makes it possible for the bank and Alaskans to succeed.
First National Bank Alaska Vice President Jay Page can be reached at email@example.com.
Community Developments Investments is produced by the OCC's Community Affairs Department. Articles by non-OCC authors represent their own views and not necessarily the OCC's.
Indian Loan Guarantee Program
Shannon Loeve, Southwest Zone Credit Office Manager, Division of Capital Investment, Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development
In an effort to help Indian tribes and individuals establish or expand Indian-owned businesses and move toward self-sufficiency, Congress passed the Indian Financing Act of 1974. The act provides reservation businesses with access to investment capital equal to that available to businesses in nonreservation areas. The Loan Guarantee, Insurance, and Interest Subsidy Program (also called the Indian Loan Guarantee Program, or ILGP) was established under 25 CFR 103 to execute this authority. Today, the Division of Capital Investment (DCI), under the Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development (IEED), manages the program, helping to break through conventional barriers to financing for tribes and individual Indians. The direct function of the ILGP is to help lenders reduce excessive risks on the loans they make to eligible Indian-owned businesses, primarily by guaranteeing up to 90 percent of the unpaid principal due on the loans.
The program is open to federally recognized American Indian tribes or Alaska Native groups, individually enrolled members of such tribes or groups, or business organizations with no less than 51 percent ownership by American Indians or Alaska Natives. The borrowers must be located on or near a federally recognized Indian reservation or recognized service area, and must contribute to the economy of the reservation or service area. Nearly any type or size of business can benefit from the ILGP, and its authority allows great flexibility in providing loan guarantees of varied amounts and to any business structure.
American Indian tribes, businesses, and individuals throughout the United States and in various industries have been beneficiaries of the ILGP. Loan guarantees have been made for commercial fishers, farmers, restaurateurs, small business owners, and tribal enterprises. Projects have included social services centers, health care providers, a wholesale data center, roads, commercial real estate, and a high-technology manufacturing company.
From 2000 through the end of fiscal year 2012, the ILGP facilitated access to more than $1 billion in capital to Indian- and Alaska Native-owned businesses. To further demonstrate the benefits of the ILGP, IEED worked with the U.S. Department of the Interior's Indian Affairs economist to estimate the impact of the ILGP's loan guarantees. Based on this information, IEED estimates that the capital guaranteed by the ILGP and invested in federally recognized Indian reservations and service areas has resulted or will result in the following:
For more information about the ILGP, or for contact information for your nearest ILGP Credit Office Service Center, please visit the DCI's Website.
Shannon Loeve, Southwest Zone Credit Office Manager for the DCI, can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Community Developments Investments is produced by the OCC's Community Affairs Department. Articles by non-OCC authors represent their own views and not necessarily the OCC's.

subset: commoncrawl


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West Orange, NJ. August 12, 2014. Kessler Foundation scientists have identified predictors of prospective memory impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Findings were epublished on July 28 by the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. The article, "Rule monitoring ability predicts event-based prospective memory performance in individuals with TBI," is authored by Jessica Paxton, PhD, and Nancy Chiaravalloti, PhD, of Kessler Foundation. This is the first study to examine the role of rule monitoring, an executive function, post-TBI.
Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember events that will occur in the future, i.e., a doctor's appointment; a medication schedule. This ability, also referred to as 'remembering to remember' is often impaired following TBI, creating challenges in performance of activities of daily living. Little research has been done, however, on the relationship between the cognitive processes involved in deficits in prospective memory and retrospective memory in individuals living with TBI.
"It has been hypothesized that persons with TBI who have impaired retrospective memory may rely on a specific executive function called rule monitoring in the retrieval process for prospective memory tasks," noted Dr. Chiaravalloti. "We looked the relationship between prospective memory and two aspects of executive functioning rule monitoring (the ability to avoid errors on executive function tests), and total achievement on tests of executive function."
Participants were 45 individuals who were at least one-year post moderate/severe TBI. They were evaluated with the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Results showed variability in the cognitive processes used in prospective memory tasks, most likely due to differences in retrospective memory abilities. "We found that retrospective memory performance correlated with total executive function, but not rule monitoring," said Dr. Chiaravalloti. "This may indicate that rule monitoring facilitates more accurate prospective memory in individuals with TBI."
These results have implications for cognitive rehabilitation research and care. Rule monitoring, which is not commonly tested during neuropsychological evaluations, is a measure that should be included in clinical assessments of memory performance in this population. Future research needs to address the component executive processes involved in rule monitoring and performance on prospective memory tasks.
|Contact: Carolann Murphy
Kessler Foundation


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Centers and Interdisciplinary Programs
Emory Law's academic centers and interdisciplinary programs provide students with access to respected practitioners, leading legal scholars in policy and research, and in-depth seminars by renowned experts.
|Barton Child Law and Policy Center »
|Protects the legal rights and interests of children involved with the juvenile court, child welfare, and juvenile justice systems.
|Center for Advocacy and Dispute Resolution »
|Promotes scholarship and student professional development, offers skills training programs, and provides strategic consultation in the areas of advocacy and dispute resolution.
|Center on Federalism and Intersystemic Governance »
|Sponsors research, conferences, workshops, and projects exploring federalism and other forms of overlap among governmental structures.
|Center for International and Comparative Law »
|Explores the interaction among international and domestic legal systems of the world from various perspectives, including politics, finance, trade, crime, human rights, religion, the environment, immigration, tax, and labor.
|Center for the Study of Law and Religion »
|Focuses on the religious dimensions of law, the legal dimensions of religion, and the interaction of legal and religious ideas and institutions, norms and practices.
|Center for Law and Social Science »
|Focuses on the interdisciplinary research and teaching in law and social science.
|Center for Transactional Law and Practice »
|Stands at the forefront of educating students and professionals on topics related to business transactions through an innovative transactional skills curriculum.
|Environmental and Natural Resources Law Program »
|Provides students a comprehensive educational experience in which to study a wide array of environmental law issues.
|Feminism and Legal Theory Project »
|Hosts visiting international scholars and sponsors workshops and colloquia on issues of feminism, gender and sexuality, and family law.
|Global Health Law and Policy Project »
|Provides a unique multidisciplinary platform for developing, exploring, and evaluating global health initiatives.
|The Institute for Complex Litigation and Mass Claims »
|Hosts judicial seminars, bar conferences, academic programs, and research advancing our understanding of new developments and trends in the resolution of mass claims within and without the litigation system.
|Project on War and Security in Law, Culture, and Society »
|Explores interdisciplinary perspectives on the role of law in the context of conflict, through a colloquium series and related programs and courses.
|Vulnerability and the Human Condition »
|Brings together diverse perspectives and disciplines to advance a social justice framework rooted in the universality of human vulnerability and the need for a responsive state.


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The Chicago City clerk does it: Fafsa Preparation Assistance. A West Virginia foundation does it: College Goal Sunday. Kentucky did it in 19 towns: Sun., Jan. 29, College Goal Sunday.
A newspaper might run an announcement about a workshop, in Muskegon MI, Reading PA or Knoxville TN.
Why not organize a College Financial Aid workshop in your community? You could organize a virtual workshop, soliciting questions on Facebook, Twitter, through your email newsletter and on your website and providing answers from local experts. With a little more work, you could also organize a real-life workshop.
You may be publshing editorials, op-eds and letters about the rising costs of college, a trend Jordan Weissmann at The Atlantic labled a "surge of tuition rates and student debt that, for many Americans, is threatening to turn higher education into an unaffordable luxury."
A reader-focused media company can do more than that.
Some editors may be asking: is this our job — to help families pay for college? Think of a related question: is it our job to provide a resource where members of our community can find information they need to solve their most pressing problems?
Newsrooms deepen community engagement by providing a platform for community voices, by providing information that leads to solutions for community problems and by convening like-minded groups to exchange news and ideas. Would a workshop fit that mission?
In Torrington CT and Winnipeg, Manitoba, newsrooms are opening their doors, inviting the community into the room. The Nonprofit Journalism Hub recently examined these two initiatives in an article: News Cafes and Open Newsrooms.
The Winnipeg Free Press News Cafe wants to find a way to reconnect with a younger demographic as well as become more transparent and accessible to the public. The Register Citizen Open Newsroom Cafe wants to help the community become more involved in the journalism process and let the public use the open newsroom space as a community center for gatherings, discussions, and educational opportunities.
Connect to younger people? Provide educational opportunities? Strengthen communities? What better way than to help families new to the process learn to conquer the daunting forms involved in paying for college.
The basic steps for either a virtual or real-life workshop include: announce the event, find a local expert, announce the event, provide a resource box of links in print and online, announce the event, tell families what they have to provide (a W-2, other financial information), announce the event.
For the offline workshop, you need a room, a way to make sure coffee and snacks are available, a person who will be responsible for stocking the room with paper, pens, pencils, and, if possible, an available copying machine and scanner.
In either case, the project is also a way to generate plenty of content — frequently asked questions, profiles of local experts, list of deadlines, process graphic, success stories of families that have reaped the benefit of completing the application, videos.
Keep a list of all the names, contact information and what your newsroom learned. In 11 and a half months, it will make it easier to do all over again.


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Simon Chalk - Thames Twilight
Original Oil
23" x 27" Framed
Email Us A Photo Of Your Wall
or click here to learn about our Digital Try Before You Buy
Painting since the age of ten, artist Simon Chalk is entirely self-taught.
Beginning his career as a painter of animals, in particular equestrian subjects, in the last decade he has devoted much of his time to painting landscape, city scenes and marine subjects.
Simon has since become a member of the London based Langham Sketch Club and is a regular exhibitor in both London and the provinces. His paintings featuring in many collections in the UK as well as in Italy, France and the USA.
• Price includes frame, VAT and shipping
• Easy to manage payment plans available on request
• A small deposit will secure any painting
ORIGINAL ARTWORK: Click to see more original work from artist Simon Chalk.
LIMITED EDITION PRINTS: We've increased the size and lowered the cost. Click to see a selection of our artists' Limited Edition Prints and learn all about it.


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While collecting for more than 40 years Dr. Paul R. Jones has emerged as a leading advocate for art done by African-American artists. It has been his goal to ensure that these artists are included in the broader context of study of American art and artists. With this in mind Dr. Jones gifted a 1000 piece collection of artworkto the University of Delaware and the Paul R Jones Collectionwas established in February of 2001.
The Collection includes African-American artists of the 20th century such as Charles White, Herman "Kofi"Bailey, David Driskell, Elizabeth Catlett, Earl Hooks, Leo Twiggs, Stanley White, Jacob Lawrence, Romare Bearden, P.H. Polk andSelma Burke, who created the image of Franklin Delano Rooseveltthat appears on the dime. Selected paintings and other works of art from his existing collection are on view at the Lucy Craft Laney Museum.
The Lucy Craft Laney Museum of Black History 1116 Phillips StreetAugusta, GA 30901


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- Home
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The third annual Hwy. 55 yard sale will make its way through Washington County this year.
The 147-mile yard sale stretches through Carroll, Trimble, Henry, Marion, Shelby, Taylor, Spencer, Adair, Nelson, Russell and Washington counties.
This is the first year that Washington County has promoted the event, according to Kathy Elliott with Springfield Main Street Renaissance.
Tammy Osbourne with the Springfield Chamber of Commerce said space is available for people to set up at Country Place and Ace Hardware.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Springfield Sun, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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Marzouki warns that the language used in Facebook postings and private stations, with its undigested French loans or even phrases, freedom from prescriptive grammar, and Latin transcriptions, is a foretaste of what future Arabic may look like if we're not careful. The solution, in his view, is a Society for the Defense of the Arabic Language in Tunisia - but "will the authorities license this, when most of the parties are using dialect in their political advertising" and the state used a slogan in dialect ('وقيت باش تقيّد') to advertise the elections? If we're not careful our children may end up speaking "a language like Creole, dominant in the islands of the Caribbean and the Pacific - a strange mixture of European and African languages" and a Tunisian will need an interpreter to talk to a Yemeni (many might already!) He blasts the station-owning promoters of code-mixing as "Westernised counter-revolutionary forces who dread Islamists' and Arabists' victory and support Westernisation and separation from the Arabo-Islamic world through a narrow isolationism."
So far so familiar, you may well say. I'm not impressed with his rather authoritarian desire to restrict what language private broadcasts can use - he specifically states that he wants laws on broadcasting requiring "the exclusive use of Fusha and refined Darja" and "banning this Creole language - we don't think that the BBC would allow pub talk, or French TV teen slang." (He's definitely wrong there!) I was also surprised by the way he seems to set up dialectal Arabic as the enemy of Standard Arabic (Fusha), when in fact Fusha has stayed alive only through dialectal Arabic speakers' attachment to it; but he later clarifies that his opposition is to the use of dialect in inappropriate contexts and not to the dialect itself, which he deems worthy of "preservation and development".
He has some good proposals on language policy too, though. We need more translation into Arabic, more digitisation of Arabic books, and more use of Arabic in science; "no community has flourished in the language of another" (absolutely right, but how to pay for these?) The single-foreign-language policy that makes the Maghrib Francophone and the Mashriq Anglophone needs to be replaced by a policy of teaching different foreign languages to different pupils (this I agree with 100%, although again the cost of training is a formidable obstacle), including those of Asia and even Africa. He also takes a progressive line on minority languages, calling it "obligatory" for the state to support languages like Berber in Algeria and Morocco or Pulaar in Mauritania, and even teach them to Arabic speakers - although he doesn't have anything to say on what's left of Berber in Tunisia... And despite my reservations about the heavy-handedness of his prescriptivism, I was pleasantly surprised by his ability to summarise the opposing position; he devotes a lot of the article to answering potential challenges to his positions:
- Isn't linguistic cross-fertilisation a longstanding phenomenon? Have our people ever spoken an unmixed language? Isn't it natural for languages to change and develop? Doesn't our dialect contain hundreds of French and Italian words anyway? (He doesn't really try to answer these.)
- Couldn't Arabic develop into multiple literary languages just as Latin did? (But we see the opposite: more and more people are using Arabic thanks to broadcasting, education, and Islam, and the dialects are now getting closer to the standard language. "As long as the Qur'an remains, Arabic will continue to develop and to accumulate around it dialects close to it, like planets circling around the sun.")
- Doesn't this position discriminate against the less-educated in favour of an elite? Shouldn't the revolution restore the freedom to speak the language of the masses? (Arabic was discriminated against under the dictatorship, being excluded from administration, higher education, and research; and talk of "the dialect" camouflages discrimination against regional ones. "What we hear in broadcasting is not the dialect of the northwest or the south (which are nearly Fusha) but the dialect of a few posh neighbourhoods in the capital who count it as a mark of backwardness to utter a sentence without stuffing it with French expressions, even when out of place. Franco-Arabic is the language of some bourgeois, Westernised sections who despise the public and call them 'beggars'." - Needless to say, this is a tu quoque reply: while more or less correct, it doesn't really address the question.)


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March 2011
The alternative energy industry is poised for rapid global growth as attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels gain traction. These efforts will be particularly intense in the transportation sector, where alternatives for car, truck, train, marine, and aviation fuels may still be decades away.1 Companies are therefore investing substantially in the conversion of plant products into renewable biofuels. The early diesel engine that inventor Rudolf Diesel demonstrated at the 1900 World's Fair was powered by pure peanut oil, and it was soon discovered that plant oils can be modified to create better-performing fuels using simple chemical reactions (transesterification) that transform them into biodiesel.2 Diesel fuel already has a dominant position in the refined petroleum market, even in countries where standard gasoline is the primary liquid fuel, and diesel-powered vehicles dominate commerce and transportation worldwide.3
Although conventional biofuel production relies primarily on land plants as a feedstock, many researchers believe that biofuel production on the scale needed to compete with petroleum-based fuels on the open market will require the use of microscopic algae,4 which grow abundantly and naturally in the world's surface waters and can be converted into multiple kinds of biofuel. Algae have the potential to produce sufficient quantities of biofuel to satisfy the world's growing energy demands, even considering predicted limitations on the availability of land and water resources.5
What are algae, and how can they be used to produce biofuels?
Figure 1. Pediastrum, a colonial green alga
Algae are tiny, plantlike organisms that include the green alga Pediastrum (Figure 1). The algae used in biofuel production are freshwater algae, comprising both prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, that grow naturally in every freshwater creek, river, pond, lake, and reservoir on the Earth's surface. Algae are also aquatic biomass production systems that have both a higher fuel yield potential and lower water demand than terrestrial plants, and they generate cellular products such as oils, starch, protein, and other marketable compounds.6 Like land plants, microalgae derive their energy from the biochemical process of photosynthesis, which captures the sun's radiant energy and converts atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into new cellular biomass. When measured in standard calorie units, the energy content of algae per unit weight does not differ significantly from that of land plants. In addition, although there can be considerable variation in their cellular oil content,7 all species of algae contain oil that can be extracted for use in biofuel production. To date, more than $1 billion in private sector funding has been committed to the development of algae-based fuels.8
The idea of using algae as a feedstock for biofuel production dates back at least 50 years, to when William J. Oswald and Clarence G. Golueke first proposed the use of "raceway ponds" to cultivate large quantities of algal biomass for fermentation to create methane gas.9 In such ponds, growing algae are moved along with paddles and then removed at the downstream end. Soon after the proposed use of raceway ponds, research in algae-derived bioenergy focused on the production of liquid fuels that can be combusted directly in standard internal combustion and jet engines,7 and large oil companies and research institutions have recently joined forces in commercial ventures to produce biodiesel from algae. However, algae can also be used to produce other renewable energy products, such as biohydrogen, hydrocarbons, and bioethanol; in addition, as noted above, the algal biomass itself can be processed to generate biogas.6,10
Alternatively, dried algae can be combusted directly, much like the burning of crop residues, wood, coal, or peat. This use of algae is important because the direct combustion of plant biomass is a sector of bioenergy already in development that takes advantage of existing commodity supply chains.1 Just like any energy commodity that can used for direct combustion, however, algal biomass would need to consistently meet several key criteria with respect to its energy, moisture, and undesirable pollutant content.1
Algae offer numerous significant benefits relative to their soil-grown counterparts:11,12
Algal cells can exhibit extremely rapid growth rates, doubling one to three times per day, and they can be grown abundantly in waters of widely varying chemical composition.
Algal cells can synthesize and accumulate large quantities of bioproducts (e.g., oil), that can be harvested and marketed to offset the costs of biofuel production.
Cultivating algae rather than land plants, such as corn, for bioenergy could reduce the diversion of agricultural crops away from vitally needed food production.
The land "footprint" needed to produce a given amount of bioenergy is much smaller for algae than for terrestrial biofuel crops.
Algae can be grown using effluents from domestic wastewater treatment plants and other sources of nontoxic liquid waste, which provide an abundant source of water and mineral nutrients that are required for algal growth.
If grown in wastewater streams, the water "footprint" needed to produce a given amount of bioenergy is much smaller for algae than for terrestrial biofuel crops.
Algae can provide an important ecosystem service by removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contaminants from wastewater feeds.
Algae can also be used to remove carbon dioxide from high-CO2 gas streams, such as flue gases and flaring gases, that can be piped to algal biofuel production facilities from nearby energy generation plants.
Algal biomass yields can be optimally maintained by modifying harvesting rates.
The ability of algae to grow continuously in many climates may help reduce the strong seasonality of biomass yields currently seen with terrestrial biofuel crops.
Treating algal biofuel production units as engineered ecosystems
Humans have had centuries of experience in the successful mass cultivation of land plants. In contrast, the large-scale cultivation and marketing of algae as a major commodity is still in its infancy. The individuals, consortia, and companies who become involved in the commercial production of biofuels from algae will want to maximize the annual yield of algal biomass that can be profitably harvested and converted into a marketable bioenergy product. A recent life-cycle assessment comparing algal cultivation in open raceway ponds to that in closed photobioreactors that use air to circulate the growing cells suggests that raceway-based biodiesel production is likely to have a lower overall global warming potential and fossil-energy requirement.13 Moreover, maintaining stable, single-species algal cultures at full commercial production scale would likely be exceptionally challenging for closed photobioreactor cultivation systems, which could require millions of gallons of water flow per day. Mass sterilization of such large volumes of inflowing water would be difficult, if not economically impractical, and undesirable "infections" of photobioreactors by low-yield algal strains would present a major risk.
For the large-scale generation of biofuels from algae, open pond-based production facilities must be treated as complex, bioengineered ecosystems that obey the known principles of ecology,12 similar to the freshwater ecosystems in which algae naturally grow. One key ecological principle is the observation that joint cultivation of multiple plant species (polyculture) typically provides a greater total biomass yield than cultivation of a single type of crop, a phenomenon known as "overyielding."14,15 As a result, high-yield algal biofuel production may be achieved using open ecological systems that cultivate the multispecies algal assemblages occurring naturally in the surrounding region (Figure 2).12
Figure 2. A natural, mixed-species
assemblage of algae and zooplankton.
Daphnia are the large, spined
animals in this photograph.
Another key concept that applies to commercial-scale open-pond production is that of predator-prey interactions. Outbreaks of plant-eating insects, for example, threaten agricultural crops and cost billions of dollars annually in pest control across the globe. Similarly, tiny, naturally occurring, plant-eating aquatic animals (herbivorous zooplankton) that graze on the microalgae growing in raceway pond water can invade and become established within any open cultivation system. Because these ponds ultimately develop diverse communities containing both algae and zooplankton, they tend to exhibit oscillations in population numbers (common in predator-prey dynamics and resembling those of insect pests that reduce crop yields in standard agriculture).
However, a solution to this dilemma comes from the now well-known concepts of biomanipulation and top-down ecological control.16,17 Most gardeners know that one way to reduce losses to insect pests is to introduce a healthy population of an insect predator, like the ladybird beetle, into their garden; ladybird beetles dramatically reduce the abundance of nuisance insect species such as aphids, scale insects, mealy bugs, and mites.
Similarly, open- pond systems are exposed to invasion by a wide variety of other organisms, some of which are undesirable because they can greatly reduce algal biomass yields. Having too many large herbivorous zooplankton, such as Daphnia (Figure 2), in the water is like having too many cattle grazing in a rancher's field: They eat almost all of the available plants. Like the garden food web mentioned above, aquatic food webs can be modified to minimize losses of algae. For example, adding a carnivorous fish such as the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to the system removes the offending zooplankton and thereby maximizes the pond-grown algal biomass that can be harvested for use in biofuel production chains.12
Future limitations and issues to be solved
In the future, mass-cultivated algae may prove to be one of the best options for the commercial-scale production of enough bioenergy to replace a substantial fraction of annual fossil fuel usage.18 However, the complex logistics of biomass production, harvesting, storage, processing into marketable biofuels, and subsequent transportation represent a very large problem requiring massive capital and intellectual investments to meet society's ever-increasing energy needs.1 This will be particularly true in the case of algae, because significant scientific, technological, and engineering challenges remain to be solved before algae can achieve their full potential as a biofuel feedstock.4,5,19 Mass cultivation facilities such as raceway ponds may contribute to the viable and cost-effective generation of renewable energy in many regions of the world. However, this is a goal that requires a concerted, synthetic approach integrating concepts and tools from multiple disciplines, including engineering, social sciences, and natural sciences. Foremost among these are the principles of ecology, which have been shown to apply in other bioengineered ecosystems.20,21 In addition, integrating algal biofuel production facilities with allied industries could improve resource management and minimize the ecological footprint of algal biofuel production.22
Acknowledgments: The author's research has been financially supported by the University of Kansas Transportation Research Institute, and by an EPSCoR grant from the National Science Foundation. The author thanks the members of KU's Feedstock to Tailpipe® Initiative and, most especially, algal production team members Dr. J. deNoyelles and Dr. B. Sturm. He also thanks Dr. R.O. Megard and Dr. J. Shapiro (University of Minnesota) for the photographs that are included in this article; two anonymous reviewers for their comments; and S. Sheehan for inviting this article.
© 2011, American Institute of Biological Sciences. Educators have permission to reprint articles for classroom use; other users, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com for reprint permission. See reprint policy.


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Designer: Cindy Taylor Oates
Photographer: Greg Schneidemann
When choosing fabrics for the miniature patchwork pieces that make up designer Cindy Taylor Oates' bag, select mostly small-scale prints. For more style, consider using a specialty fabric, such as silk douppioni, for the solid band or for the entire bag. If you want a more secure bag, think about adding a closure, such as ribbon ties, a button and loop, or magnetic snaps.
18x22-inch piece (fat quarter) pink print (triangle-squares, band, bag base)
1/2 yard dark pink print (triangle-squares, lining)
1/4 yard light green print (four-patch units)
1/4 yard green print (four-patch units, bag handle)
1/8 yard green polka dot (four-patch units)
1/3 yard muslin (backing)
16x26-inch thin batting
Finished Bag: 9x9x3 inches
Quantities are for 44/45-inch-wide, 100% cotton fabrics. All measurements include a 1/4-inch seam allowance. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.


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Duphaston in 5th week of pregnancy
Hi, I am 28 years old with a 7 years child. I tried for getting pregnant again and had 2 miscarriages in 2006 and 2009 both during the first trimester. I am again pregnant for 5 weeks and doctor has prescribed Duphaston 10mg twice a day along with Folic Acid. Kindly advice how does it helps at this time.
Duphaston is a form of progesterone that can be taken by mouth. Progesterone is a naturally occurring hormone made by the ovary that helps maintain a pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production after the first 2-3 months. Studies have indicated that taking progesterone supplements early in pregnancy decreases the chance of a miscarriage. Progesterone therapy is usually continued until 10 weeks pregnant if the pregnancy appears to be healthy. At approximately 7 weeks pregnant, ultrasound will show a fetus with visible heart activity if the pregnancy is healthy.
For more information:
Go to the Infertility health topic.


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Port Fitzroy Walking Tracks
Explore the Port Fitzroy area with one of these shorter walks, ranging from 15 min to 1 hr.
An extensive network of walking tracks maintained by DoC lets you explore the interior and the various inlets around Port FitzRoy are safe places to leave your boat if you feel the urge to take off exploring.
One of the best walks is to the top of the island's highest peak. The Mt Hobson (Hirakimata) track starts from Kaiaraara Bay. As you climb, a viewing platform looks out over one of the kauri dams, which was a kind of trip gate used during the period when the island's majestic kauri trees were logged. As well as a great all round view of the island when you reach the summit, walking the track will reward you with many sights of natural beauty.
Old Lady Track Time: 45 min one way
Warrens' Track Time: 1 hr return
Bridle Track Time: 15 min one way
How to get there: These tracks all start either off Port Fitzroy Hill or near the DOC area office.


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I have been working overtime getting the shop in tip top form for the holidays. Most of our fall items have left. Our Christmas merchandise has been put out and displayed. Old mixed with new vintage inspired items. Lots and Lots of glitter! Hues of tarnished silver and light glitter golds adorn the entrance of the store. We moved a large old stained glass window of Jesus to the front of the store. As you walk in the door it causes an impact and makes you feel serene.
The store looks completely different. Most of our business consist of furnishings. We take old unique pieces and give them a new life with paint. They have been moving out faster then we can keep them in stock. Therefore, the store is always changing. Hunting for new pieces is always a treasure hunt filled with surprises.
I am also getting ready to do the Annual Christmas Carousel show hosted by the Abilene Junior League. http://jrleagueabilene.com/events/ it will be the first week in November. It is swiftly approaching and I am panicking. I have never participated before so I am second guessing myself at this point. Did I order enough or maybe too much? What furniture pieces will I take? I am still going over the details and the show is two weeks away!
I will keep you posted on how it goes.:) For now enjoy the photos of hard labor.


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Today's show title is the design credo of Milton Glaser, the celebrated designer responsible for turning the "I
That ethos is also the inspiration for today's discussion topic about Apple's "faux-real" user interfaces that Tom Hobbs at Fast Company believes is stunted by skeuomorphs, or elements of design that retain parts of its inspiration.
We'll look at how Apple's desire to show off the look of its products may be hindering its principal innovations, why the Amazon Kindle uses its own basic layout to create a more immersive environment for its readers, and how apps harnessing nostalgia like Instagram and Hipstamatic are holding back the next evolution of technology.
Other stories leaked from today's 404 episode: Wasting time in the digital divide, restaurants building interactive tablets into dining tables, the world's first "noise-cancelling" restaurant, lifejacking spammers, and a look at the social networking side of the Stanley Cup finals.
Bathroom break video: Don't leave me hanging
Episode 1,064
Subscribe in iTunes (audio) | Subscribe in iTunes (video) | Subscribe in RSS Audio | Subscribe in RSS Video


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Happy Holidays
'Twas the eve of another holiday season in the Phillies' home,
Not a creature was stirring, not even the big green drone
Pinstriped uniforms were once hung with care
But now the clubhouse is totally bare
Instead there is an electric train and a decorated tree
Creating a beautiful picture of holiday glee
In the stands where the fans used to cheer
All is totally quiet to anyone's ear
From Phillie Phanatic to Bull's BBQ
Nothing could be spotted from anyone's view
While nestling in for a long winter's nap
One realized something big is on tap
Jimmy, Ryan, Chase, Brett, Pat, Shane and Cole
Will soon be back in the field ready to roll
Charlie's crew gave us a great thrill in '07,
By capturing the East, creating baseball heaven
One can hardly wait for spring training to start
But until then, there's only one thing on the chart
Goosebumps from a typical Harry Kalas call:
"Happy Holidays to one and all!"
4 Comments
Best wishes to you and your family, and of course – The Phillies!!
I'm hoping Santa will put a 2008 championship under out tree this year!
Linglestown, PA.
Happy holiday wishes to you and the entire Phillies family. A world championship would be great in 2008!
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you and yours Larry.
Great job blogging in 2007, Larry. Looking forward to a big 2008 in baseball! Happy Holidays.


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Commercial Controller Configurator
Eliminates the guesswork & improves your bottom line
Configure Now
The Hunter Commercial Controller Configurator is designed specifically with the professional in mind to help you build a list of materials for your projects. This free tool allows you to export your material list to Microsoft Excel to add to a plan or place an order.
Save time and increase your profitability
Hunter built this tool to increase project specification accuracy and reduce time spent on product research. The proper rules are built in to ensure the options you select are compatible and can be properly ordered and installed.
Quick & easy setup
Start by deciding which system is best for you – Hunter's flagship ACC controller, the versatile I-Core controller, or the IMMS central control system. Easy-to-understand questions guide you through the setup process.
Customize your materials list
It's easy to save and share your work. Download to Microsoft Excel or enter an email address. The IMMS Site Configurator also offers you the option to view your materials list grouped by controllers or as a compressed list.
The IMMS Site Configurator helps you build a list of materials for any one site, including enclosure configurations, station type and count, and required communications options and accessories. This tool also gives you detailed technical notes unique to your specifications.
IMMS may manage up to 10,000 ACC controllers, divided into a maximum of 100 sites. Configure one site at a time and save each bill of materials by exporting the list into Microsoft Excel using the built-in download button. Combine each worksheet in Excel and together they will specify the entire system.IMMS Site Configurator
Configuring an ACC controller is a breeze using this tool. Take the guesswork out of specifying compatible accessories and save time without having to look up product numbers. The ACC Configurator does the work for you.
You can configure each individual ACC within an IMMS system for total customization, or you can build a standalone controller. Start by giving your controller a name and selecting your wiring type. The easy-to-understand questions will guide you through the setup process. Using the built-in download button, you can easily save your bill of materials to Microsoft Excel or email the list to anyone on your team.ACC Configurator
Utilizing this tool's streamlined process, the I-Core has never been so easy to spec out. The I-Core Configurator asks you all the right questions so you don't miss a thing.
Let the configurator determine the product SKUs while you stay focused on the site. This tool also gives you detailed technical notes unique to your specifications. Save and share your configuration using the built-in download button, or use the send email button to quickly email your materials list to anyone on your team.I-Core Configurator
The configurator results are best estimates by a software utility program and should not be accepted without review by a qualified technical specialist. Hunter is not responsible for design and purchasing errors, and advises qualified human review of the results before finalizing designs or purchase orders.


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India's Bad Habit Carried Overseas
By Shanoor Seervai
When Deven Shah emigrated from the western Indian state of Gujarat to New York in 1983, his addiction to paan went with him. In 2001 he was treated for mouth cancer and the left portion of his jaw was removed.
"I can only chew food on the right side, and even then, I have to hold my mouth. I still can't eat very spicy food… after the surgery, it took me almost a year to start eating solid foods again," he said.
Health officials in the U.S. are increasingly seeing the types of oral cancer prevalent in South Asia, where the chewing of paan, a mixture of areca or betel nut, slaked lime, spices and sweeteners folded into a betel leaf and often combined with tobacco, is an ancient practice.
Areca nut and tobacco are highly addictive, making their consumption a serious public health concern in India, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer in the world.
"Chewing tobacco is part of the lifestyle of South Asians, and that habit, along with the diseases it causes, has migrated with people," said Jatin Shah, chief of head and neck surgery at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.
According to the 2010 U.S. census, the Indian population grew 67.6% from 1.9 million to 3.2 million between 2000 and 2010.
"Here in New York City, we see patients with brown, paan-stained teeth and anything from a small lesion in the mouth to a full-blown malignancy," said Ross Kerr, clinical professor of oral and maxillofacial pathology at the New York University College of Dentistry.
Mr. Kerr said he also sees patients with oral submucous fibrosis, a pre-cancerous condition that is very difficult to treat.
"OSF leads to loss of elasticity of the inner tissues of the cheek… patients can't open their mouth wide, are extremely sensitive to hot or spicy foods and have difficulty swallowing, speaking and eating," he said. "The only way to deal with it is to stop chewing."
But old habits die hard. For many South Asian immigrants, paan is a taste of the culture they have left behind.
"We can't stop people from consuming it, but we need to increase awareness… the U.S. Food and Drug Administration needs to put adequate warnings on it that say, 'this is harmful, it causes mouth cancer'" said Mr. Shah from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
The regulation of paan and other products containing areca nut poses a challenge for the FDA and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, because U.S. tobacco laws tend to focus on smoking.
"The South Asian cultural practice of chewing tobacco is new to U.S. food regulators. The combination of areca nut [a food] with tobacco is also an unfamiliar concept," said Allen Mozek, a fellow at the Global Food Protection Institute, who has been advocating for the regulation of areca nut since 2010.
Areca nut should be regulated as an adulterated food, but the diseases it causes are very different from other food borne diseases, said Mr. Mozek.
"Most food borne diseases are acute and caused through ingestion… but areca nut-related diseases are chronic, and caused through absorption, from keeping it in the mouth," he said.
"Food and tobacco regulators need to work together… because in the U.S., we never combine food with tobacco as in India," he added.
Areca nut and other variants of chewing tobacco are manufactured in India and exported to the U.S., where they are easily available in Indian grocery stores.
"Before I stopped chewing… I had no trouble buying paan masala in Queens, or if friends or relatives were coming from India, I would ask them to bring it for me," said Mr. Shah.
Paan masala, a dried and powdered version of the ingredients of paan, and gutka, pre-mixed sachets of paan masala and tobacco, are also sold overseas.
In India, efforts to control chewing tobacco have resulted in a ban on gutka, making it illegal to manufacture or sell.
But in Gujarat, units that manufacture gutka 100% for export are exempted from the ban, and continue to make it for South Asians living abroad.
"Chewing paan masala and gutka is primarily a habit among first generation immigrants. Their children, who are born in the U.S. and go to school with other American children, don't develop the habit because there is a social taboo against chewing and spitting here," said Mr. Shah, the doctor.
The habit is most common among low-income immigrants such as taxi drivers and restaurant workers, he added. This is probably because a rolled leaf of paan or a gutka sachet is cheap, costing $0.50-$1.0 at Indian stores in Queens.
"Another group in the U.S. that uses chewing tobacco is baseball players in the south, but we don't see incidences of oral cancer as high as among South Asians," said Mr. Shah.
South Asians have a genetic disposition to oral cancer, are more likely to have poor oral hygiene, and use the deadly mix of areca nut and tobacco, he added.
Shanoor Seervai is a freelance writer based in Bombay.
Follow India Real Time on Twitter @IndiaRealTime.
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2017 Ford Super Duty comes to enliven the global automotive market. The latest Ford Super Duty has experienced some new improvements and revisions to improve performance the better. The all New Ford Super Duty is one of the strong and tough car that sensational since the introduction of the first in 1999. New Ford Super Duty came as three generations are presented with pride. We will discuss the specifications and repair 2017 Ford Super Duty.
2017 Ford Super Duty Specs Redesign
2017 Ford Super Duty is one car that has a high specification for heavy duty mengataasi. New Ford Super Duty will be the best choice to handle extreme terrain and destroyed. The all New Ford Super Duty has accelerated rapidly in ways the city can not be underestimated. Exterior design 2017 Ford Super Duty has an interesting body designs and sturdy. Ford Super Duty's latest has been redesigned to be more sporty and luxurious. On the front of the Ford Super Duty changes on the grille with a new look that is increasingly large rectangular grille equipped with sterling silver chrome. New Ford Super Duty increase protection by using the front bumper into bigger carbon black. Ford Super Duty use lights that are more aggressive and sharp with the concept of the double-a level that could give more highlight while driving in dark conditions. Interior design 2017 Ford Super Duty will have a display with a classy theme. New Ford Super Duty cabin has two more ergonomic lines that will increase the value of comfort and joy. Ford Super Duty has the dimensions wheelbase cargo space is 4,379 mm and also its size be 58.6 cubic. Advanced features Ford Super Duty Work Solutions system, adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, navigation, climate control, dual-zone automatic mobile Wi-Fi hotspot, 10 – power adjustable, premium sound system, and much more. They are accepted to ensure the best protection, security, and assistance while on the road.
2017 Ford Super Duty Engine
2017 Ford Super Duty is one of the famous car with high specifications. Ford Super Duty engine that will offer the latest strong and energetic. Ford Super Duty engine will use the latest V10 6.8 gas. Ford Super Duty is available in rear-wheel drive (standard) and all wheel drive (optional). The all New Ford Super Duty capable of producing 362 hp and 475 lb-ft of torque.
2017 Ford Super Duty Release Date and Price
2017 Ford Super Duty car tough one that has strong performance and offers advanced features and comfortable inside the cabin. Information on the release date of 2017 Ford Super Duty is expected in 2017. While the global priced 2017 Ford Super Duty for sale ranges $ 16.031-$ 46,713.


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I didn't win the game even if my opponent disconnected
I was playing a 25+10 game. My opponent disconnected and on my screen appeared "you will win the game in 2 min. if he/she doesn't reconnect". I waited 2 minutes, but then nothing happened. My opponent's thinking time ran out. It wrote that my opponent forfeited on time but my rating didn't changed.


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Posted on June 12, 2019 at 12:00 AM
Thank you for visiting our website! Below you will be able to find the answer to "___ a dull moment" crossword clue which was last seen on Crosswords With Friends, June 12, 2019. Our website is updated regularly with the latest clues so if you would like to see more from the archive you can browse the calendar or click here for all the clues from June 12, 2019.. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to "___ a dull moment". Without losing anymore time here is the answer for the above mentioned crossword clue.
We found 1 possible solution on our database matching the query "___ a dull moment"
|Distribute the cards
|Android download
|Word heard in a herd
|"Heartbreak Hotel" singer Presley
|It usually includes the letters "www": Abbr.
|Calculate a sum
|Carve, as a ham
|Hot drink that's associated with England
|Deer without antlers, typically
|Director and star of 1990's "Dances With Wolves": 2 wds.
|Group that restricts liquids on flights: Abbr.
|Jacques Cousteau explored it
|Iron-___ (some decals)
|My Chemical Romance's music genre
|Defensive ditch around a castle
|1989 baseball film set on a farm in Iowa, starring 18-Across: 3 wds.
|Low-voiced woman
|Any teammate of quarterback Jared Goff
|Get ___ of (throw out)
|1992 romantic thriller with Whitney Houston, starring 18-Across: 2 wds.
|Ghostly greeting
|___-Ida (Golden Crinkles french fries company)
|"___ a dull moment"
|Investment plan for the later years: Abbr.
|Hoover product, for short
|"Platoon" director Oliver
|Cereal container
|State animal of Utah
|December flakes
|Secretary's workstation
|21-year-old actress Fanning
|Tel ___ (city in Israel)
|Beetle, Jaguar, or Mustang
|White House ___ secretary
|Church collection dish
|Locker room's smell, for example
|Old-timey poem
|Had a feeling about
|Commando's clothing pattern, for short
|What you're called
|All ___ sudden: 2 wds.
|___ the world on fire
|Light-switch position
|Quaker ___ Bran (brand of hot cereal)
|"What ___ supposed to say?": 2 wds.
|Baking measure: Abbr.
|Folktales and such
|Forgetful fish in "Finding Nemo"
|Occupies the throne
|Lesson taught by one of Aesop's fables
|Compositions for two
|Oscar-winning "The Shape of Water" director Guillermo del ___
|Fake story on April Fools' Day, for example
|What a sailor might swab on a ship
|Stratford-upon-___ (Shakespeare's home)
|University of Nevada city
|Teenage sleuth Nancy
|Lobster eater's wear
All Images and Logos are property of their respective owners. We are in no way affiliated or endorsed by Zynga Inc. This website is provided for informational purposes only.


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News of "smaller-displacement" Harley-Davidson motorcycles has been percolating for quite some time now, especially after the Bar & Shield brand began taking emerging markets more seriously.
With countries like India viewing 500cc bikes as "big" and Harley-Davidson's smallest offering tipping the scales at 883cc, something had to give in the company's strategy, and it looks like it just did.
Announcing two new bikes, the Harley-Davidson Street 500 and Harley-Davidson Street 750, the Milwaukee brand is finally ready to go abroad, and its launching its intent to do so this week in Milan, at the EICMA show.


text:
Designer: Bonnie Olaveson of Cotton Way
18—2-1⁄2x42" strips assorted prints in aqua, red, green, yellow, and orange (blocks, binding)
1⁄3 yard solid white (blocks, border)
1-1⁄2 yards backing fabric
27x52" batting
Finished table runner: 19x43-1⁄2"
Finished block: 15-1⁄2x13-1⁄2"
Yardages and cutting instructions are based on 42" of usable fabric width.
Measurements include 1⁄4" seam allowances. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.


text:
of degrees
& programs
Concentration: Behavioral Sciences
Fall: January 15 [December 15 for international applicants]
Spring: October 1
[August 1 for international applicants]
Applications are processed as they are received throughout the year.
Number Required: 3
From Whom: Letters of recommendation should be obtained from evaluators, typically college/university faculty or an immediate work supervisor, who can provide insight into the applicant's abilities and talents, as well as comment on the applicant's aptitude for graduate study.
No specific coursework is required.
All applicants must present credentials that are the equivalent of the appropriate baccalaureate degree at Temple University.
The Statement of Goals should be clearly written and well thought out. It should be approximately 1-2 pages in length.
The GRE/MAT is required. Scores of 500 each are preferred on the verbal and quantitative sections of the GRE. Occasionally, students with lower totals are accepted if undergraduate work and/or other life experiences suggest a high degree of probability of success in the graduate program.
Minimum TOEFL score or range of scores needed to be accepted:
575 paper-based, 230 computer-based, or 88 internet-based. Any student admitted with a TOEFL score below 600 on the paper-based, 250 on the computer-based, or 100 on the internet-based examination must pass an English skills course during the first semester of enrollment at Temple University. Those having taken the paper-based or computer-based test have the additional option of testing out of the English course by taking and passing the SPEAK test at Temple.
An interview is scheduled at a mutually convenient time between the faculty interviewer(s) and the applicant. Master's applicants may interview by telephone if an on-campus visit is difficult to arrange.
A resume is required.
Relevant graduate courses taken at other accredited universities may be considered for transfer credit to the student's program. The maximum number of credits a student may transfer is 6.
Number of Didactic Credits Required Beyond the Baccalaureate: 30
Required Courses:
One Research Methods course and one Statistics course are required; other requirements vary by program area.
For the Curriculum and Instruction area, three core courses:
Kinesiology 455: Creative Approaches to Teaching
Kinesiology 554: The Physical Education Curriculum
Kinesiology 595: Seminar in Physical Education
Research courses (not required for comprehensive examination option):
Kinesiology 901: Research Methods
Kinesiology 960: Master's Research
For Teacher Behavior, two of the following four courses:
AOD 501: The Analytic Study of Teaching
AOD 507: Interaction Analysis
Kinesiology 550: Measurement and Evaluation
Kinesiology 552: The Analytic Study of Teaching
For Curriculum Development, two of the following four courses:
CTD 561: Introduction to Curriculum Theory
CTD 570: Curriculum Development and Writing
Kinesiology 550: Measurement and Evaluation
Kinesiology 555: Curriculum Development and Writing
Internship: No internship is required.
Language Examination: No language examination is required.
Comprehensive Examination:
If the student selects this option, s/he should be able to demonstrate competence in the general discipline of Kinesiology and in her/his sub-specialty area. Students complete a six-hour examination in one day, with three hours devoted to six general questions about Kinesiology and three hours to two specific questions about their sub-specialty area.
The comprehensive exam is taken at the end of the master's program upon completion of all coursework. Faculty members write the questions, depending on the student's area(s) of concentration. The exam is scheduled at the mutual convenience of the student and faculty. It is proctored by the faculty. Evaluation is pass/fail by the faculty who write the exam questions. The student must answer both the written questions satisfactorily and the oral follow-up with the faculty who wrote the questions.
The thesis is designed to demonstrate the student's ability to collect data and present results in a scholarly manner. Students schedule a defense with their three-person committee after the thesis advisor has approved the thesis as ready for the defense. Overall evaluation is pass/fail, with recommendations for improvements of the thesis as a result of faculty review and discussion at the thesis defense.
Project Option:
The project option is a written document, which may be a research project, literature review, program plan, etc. It is a 3-credit option. The project option is designed to provide more flexibility for students who wish to complete a written paper, but who do not necessarily want to engage in research at the level expected for a thesis. Evaluation of the project is by a two-person committee as pass/fail, based on the written document and an oral presentation.
Clinical Internship/Practicum Option:
The Clinical Internship/Practicum is a 300-hour supervised applied experience. It is a 6-credit option. (As of Fall 2005, the Clinical Internship/Practicum option is only available for Exercise Physiology and Exercise and Sport Psychology students.) The Clinical Internship/Practicum offers students the opportunity to engage in more applied work. Evaluation of the Clinical Internship/Practicum experience is by the major professor, based on a submitted portfolio of materials completed during the experience.
Dept. of Kinesiology
103A Pearson Hall (048-00)
1800 North Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Dr. Michael Sachs
Program Coordinator:
Dr. Michael Sachs
Graduate Chairperson:
Dr. Michael Sitler
The mission of the Department of Kinesiology is to advance comprehensive inquiry into, and understanding of, human movement in all of its forms and implications. The program primarily trains academicians but also clinicians/practitioners in some areas. The program offers an opportunity to engage in coursework as well as research and applied work across a range of subdisciplines within the discipline of Kinesiology.
Time Limit for Degree Completion: 4 years
Main Campus
Classes are occasionally offered at Fort Washington. Elective classes are also offered on the Center City, Ambler, and Health Sciences Center campuses.
Students are able to complete the degree program through classes offered after 4:30 p.m. Students are also able to complete the degree program on a part-time basis (8 credit hours or less per semester).
103A Pearson Hall (048-00)
1800 North Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Interdisciplinary study is available within the department as well as through other departments in the University.
Not applicable.
While rankings of individual programs and the department are not conducted in the profession, the programs at Temple University have excellent reputations. For example, the Athletic Training/Sports Medicine area is one of only three programs in the country with bachelor's, master's, and doctoral level training as well as NATA-accredited undergraduate and graduate programs.
The master's program/concentration in Athletic Training/Sports Medicine is accredited by the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA).
The program has two primary areas of concentration: Behavioral Sciences and Somatic Sciences. Students of Behavioral Science can focus on the Psychology of Human Movement (of which Exercise and Sport Psychology is the major area) or Curriculum and Instruction. Students of Somatic Science can focus on Athletic Training/Sports Medicine or Exercise Physiology. Work across the two areas of Behavioral and Somatic Sciences is also possible and encouraged.
Students find positions in a variety of settings, including teaching and coaching, as well as in research and clinical settings. Many students pursue doctoral degrees.
Not applicable.
Non-matriculated students are welcome to take classes in the department, assuming they have the prerequisite knowledge to be successful in the classes.
Assistantship duties include, but are not limited to, teaching activity courses in a variety of movement forms and sports; teaching laboratory sections of undergraduate courses such as Biomechanics, Physiology of Exercise, and Human Anatomy and Physiology; supervising student teachers; serving as a research assistant in the Biokinetic Research Laboratory; or serving as an administrative assistant to one of the department administrators.
Updated 3.1.06


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Nissan's medium size versions of the Titan and Armada are ready to climb hills and sand dunes. And yes it's okay to haul groceries too!
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