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The majority of federal funding for health research and related activities is spent by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Defense (DOD), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).[1] In fiscal year 2010, NIH, DOD, and VA obligated about $40 billion, $1.3 billion, and $563 million, respectively, for activities related to health research.[2] Applications for federal funding of health research are typically submitted by principal investigators[3]the lead researchers for research projectsthrough their institution, and in some cases they may submit applications to multiple agencies at the same time for funding consideration.[4] It is common for agencies to fund health research on topics of common interest, such as breast cancer and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[5] In some cases, funding similar research on the same topics is appropriate and necessary, for example, for purposes of replicating or corroborating prior research results. However, without effective sharing of information among federal agencies about their funding decisions, they may use available funds inefficiently due to duplication of effort.[6]
[1]Specifically, about 94 percent of federal funding for medical sciences research in fiscal year 2008 was obligated by these three federal agencies, according to data from the National Science Foundation.
[2]With respect to DOD, we obtained data on obligations of funds made available for research, development, testing, and evaluation in the annual appropriation for the Defense Health Program. With respect to VA, we obtained data on obligations of its appropriation for Medical and Prosthetic Research.
[3]Principal investigators are typically individuals designated by the applicant organization, such as a university receiving federal grants, to have the appropriate level of authority and responsibility to direct the project or program to be supported by the award.
[4]Agency officials told us that multiple agencies cannot fund the same research application unless they work together to jointly fund it.
[5]In some instances, research is initiated in response to congressional direction. For example, according to DOD, the Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs is funded through the annual Defense Appropriations Act and manages research in many areas, including breast cancer. According to DOD, funds identified during the appropriations process at the request of members of the House and Senate are used for congressionally directed research. http://cdmrp.army.mil/about/fundingprocess.shtml (last visited Dec. 2, 2011). Future GAO work is expected to examine the Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs.
[6]GAO recognizes that, in some instances, it is appropriate for multiple agencies or entities to be involved in the same programmatic or policy area due to the nature or magnitude of the federal effort. For purposes of this report, the term unnecessary duplication refers to duplicative research funding that is not necessary to corroborate or replicate prior research results for scientific purposes.
NIH, DOD, and VA each lack comprehensive information on health research funded by the other agencies, which limits their ability to identify potential areas of duplication in the health research they fund. NIH, DOD, and VA program managersofficials who typically manage agency research portfolios and may provide input to senior agency officials responsible for making funding decisionstold GAO that, when reviewing health research applications, they typically search publicly available databases for potentially duplicative research projects funded by other federal agencies.[1] These databases are used by various federal agencies, including NIH, DOD, and VA, to maintain information on funded health research applications. For example:
According to NIH, DOD, and VA officials, the information provided in the research databases they use to identify any potential duplication when making funding decisions is generally not sufficient. For example, NIHs public database provides basic application information such as the title, principal investigator name, abstract, and agency contact information for each application.[4] However, program managers said they need more details on the aims and methodologies of funded applications in order to determine whether applications considered for funding are duplicative of funded research. Officials noted that even applications with identical titles may have different aims. In such cases, officials said they typically obtain information not contained in the databases by contacting colleagues at other federal agencies to obtain details on specific applications.
Officials at NIH, DOD, and VA added that they also communicate with officials at other agencies through participation on joint committees that have members from various federal agencies. For example, NIH officials stated that the Interagency Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Coordinating Committee, a committee established in 2010 by NIH, facilitates exchanges of information about breast cancer environment and research efforts across various agencies. While DODs database for applications funded through its Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs provides information about applications aims and methodologies, DODs database does not provide contact information for the officials associated with specific applications. One program manager at NIH and several VA officials said that they had difficulty knowing who to contact at DOD to obtain further information on specific applications.
Another limitation of the databases is that they do not always allow for efficient, comprehensive searches to identify unnecessary duplication of research. As stated earlier, information on health research funded by NIH, DOD, and VA is in different databases with varying types and amounts of information. DOD and VA officials told GAO that, in general, when searching multiple databases for potential duplication, the large number of funded applications on related topics makes comprehensive checks difficult and time-consuming. Because of this, officials at NIH, DOD, and VA told GAO that they often limit searches to principal investigators other federally funded research projects, which they are generally required to list on their applications.[5] To address this challenge, VA officials told GAO that they are working to make comprehensive searching of the various databases less time-consuming. VA awarded a contract for the development of an electronic tool to search multiple databases and check for potential duplication among health research applications funded by various agencies and other sources.[6] According to VA officials, this tool, when implemented, will allow these officials to identify in a timely manner applications that are most likely to be duplicative.
Officials at NIH, DOD, and VA acknowledged that duplication may sometimes go undetected. GAO performed searches on funded applications for breast cancer and PTSD research in NIHs database and DODs Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs website using various key words frequently found in related research.[7] While most of the applications identified did not appear to be duplicative, GAO identified two applications, one funded by VA and the other by DOD, that a VA program manager confirmed were duplicative as described in the databases. However, the databases were not updated to reflect modifications that had been made to the applications aims. The VA official told GAO that these two applications were originally identical and submitted by the same principal investigator. VA funded one of the applications with the understanding that DOD would not fund the second, duplicative application. Subsequently, according to DOD officials, DOD funded the second application after the principal investigator made some modifications to its aims in order to make it no longer duplicative. However, VA officials did not have information on DODs funding of the application or on how it had been modified. This example illustrates how the databases used to check for duplication in health research do not always provide comprehensive information needed to evaluate research for potential duplication across federal agencies during the funding decision process.
[1]Officials at NIH, DOD, and VA also stated that they consider the opinions of peer reviewers, who are typically scientists or professors who score proposals for scientific merit, to determine whether applications may be duplicative of other research. NIH and VA applications have a required section where principal investigators and other key personnel must list all current funding they receive and all other applications they have submitted at the time of their application. Peer reviewers generally have access to this information when scoring the proposals.
[2]According to VA officials, NIHs database contains information on about one quarter of all VA-funded health research applications. VA officials told us that they are working to add information on most VA-funded applications to this database by August 2012. In addition, NIH officials stated that they search NIHs database for information on proposals funded by NIH.
[3]NIH, DOD, and VA officials told us that they also may search other databases, such as clinicaltrials.gov, DeployMed ResearchLINK, and PubMed, which contain information on federally funded health research.
[4]NIH officials said the system that provides information to NIHs database may contain additional information for VA applications, such as the actual application and supporting documentation; however, this information is only available to NIH and VA officials.
[5]Officials told us that they check this information prior to funding to ensure that the application is not duplicative of other federally funded research conducted by the principal investigator.
[6]This tool will be completed by June 28, 2012, according to VAs contractor. After its completion, VA plans to use it internally to analyze its research portfolio and to identify potential duplication across research funded by various entities. VA also plans to make some information resulting from its use of the tool available to the public.
[7]The searches we performed were not comprehensive or generalizable.
Because multiple federal agencies fund research on topics of common interest, there is potential for unnecessary duplication. As long as research on similar topics continues to be funded by separate agencies, it is incumbent on the agencies to coordinate effectively with each other. While NIH, DOD, and VA take steps to check for duplication in the health research they fund, the agencies have opportunities to improve sharing of information needed to evaluate research for potential duplication when making funding decisions. In order to do so, the Director of NIH as well as the Secretaries of DOD and VA should
For example, NIH, DOD, and VA could collaborate to allow for more efficient, comprehensive searches to identify duplication, by, for example, increasing commonalities among their respective databases; providing additional information in their respective databases, such as more details on the aims and methodology of applications that may be useful to program managers evaluating applications for duplication; and ensuring contact information for agency officials associated with specific applications is made available in their respective databases, if possible. NIH, DOD, and VA could also provide program managers with information to help them identify when they receive similar applications and to monitor the funding status of these applications, such as which applications receive funding, and which are modified during the funding process.
Determining ways to improve access to comprehensive information and to improve officials ability to identify duplication could help agency officials in their efforts to avoid duplication when determining which health research applications to fund.
The information contained in this analysis is based on findings from the products listed in the related GAO reports section as well as additional work GAO conducted.GAO used breast cancer and PTSD research as examples of areas of research that are funded by these three agencies. Within NIH, GAO focused on the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Mental Health, because these entities fund the majority of breast cancer and PTSD research within NIH, respectively, according to NIH officials. Within DOD, GAO focused on the Defense Health Program and, within VA, the Office of Research and Development, because these entities fund the majority of health research within DOD and VA, according to officials with whom GAO spoke. GAO focused its work on coordination across federal agencies that impacts decisions to fund health research. GAO collected and analyzed documents provided by NIH, DOD, and VA officials. GAO did not focus its review on coordination within federal agencies. In addition, GAO searched the available databases containing information on applications funded by NIH, DOD, and VARePORTER and DODs Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs websiteto identify examples of potentially duplicative research applications funded by these agencies. GAO searched for the terms breast cancer and PTSD and then searched for terms that were frequently cited in titles that appeared to indicate potential duplication. GAO also interviewed 23 officials at NIH, DOD, and VA whom it selected because of their involvement in coordination across federal agencies when determining which research applications to fund in the areas of breast cancer and PTSD.
GAO provided a draft of this report section to HHS, DOD, and VA for review and comment. HHS and DOD provided written comments. DOD generally agreed with GAOs findings, and HHS did not state whether it agreed or disagreed. In its comments, on behalf of NIH, HHS provided more detail on NIHs policies and procedures concerning monitoring and managing potential overlap in funding, particularly within NIH. HHS also described an internal NIH database that is also available to VA staff and that provides more detailed information on grants than is included in NIHs public RePORTER database, but is not generally available to staff at other agencies. For this work, GAO focused on RePORTER because it is the NIH database that officials at other agencies told GAO they use when checking for information on NIH- or VA-funded research and is available to officials at all agencies. HHS and VA also provided technical comments, which were incorporated as appropriate. All written comments are reprinted in appendix IV of the PDF version of this report. As part of its routine audit work, GAO will track the extent to which progress has been made to address the identified actions and report to Congress.
For additional information about this area, contact Linda T. Kohn at (202) 512-7114 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Comments from Department of Defense
Comments from Department of Health and Human Services
From fiscal year 2007 through fiscal year 2010, DOD activities for the treatment and research of PH and TBI received more than $2.7 billion. In fiscal year 2007, funding for these activities totaled $900 million; in fiscal year 2008, it was $573.8 million; in fiscal year 2009, $395 million; and in fiscal year 2010, $838.6 million. GAO found, however, that the reports DOD provided to Congress on th...
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is research comparing different interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) appropriated $1.1 billion to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) specifically for CER, including $400 million to the Secretary of HHS, $300 million to the Age...
In addition to providing health care to veterans, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) funds research that focuses on health conditions veterans may experience. According to VA, experts estimate that up to 20 percent of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans have experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and demand for PTSD treatment is increasing. Because of th...
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) included $10.4 billion in funding for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Of the NIH Recovery Act funding, $8.2 billion was to be used to support additional scientific research and $400 million for comparative effectiveness research, including extramural research a...
In addition to providing health care to over 5 million veterans each year, the Veterans Health Administration, part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), funds research on specific health conditions that veterans may experience. One condition that is examined in VA-funded research is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder that can occur after a person is exposed to a life...
This testimony discusses the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study (NVVLS). According to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), experts estimate that up to 30 percent of Vietnam veterans have experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder that can occur after a person is exposed to a life-threatening event. Veterans suffering from PTSD may experience problems sleep...
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Enid Rose Neptune, M.D.
Associate Professor of Medicine
Languages: English, Spanish
Expertise: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Critical Care Medicine, Marfan Syndrome, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine ...read more
Research Interests: Therapeutic strategies in Marfan syndrome; Mechanisms and prevention of progression of COPD; Hepatocyte growth factor signaling in airspace homeostasis ...read more
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Dr. Enid Neptune is an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her areas of clinical expertise include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, critical care medicine and Marfan syndrome.
Dr. Neptune earned her M.D. from Harvard Medical School. She completed her residency and performed a fellowship in pulmonary and critical care at the University of California, San Francisco. She also performed a fellowship in genetics at Johns Hopkins.
Her research interests include therapeutic strategies in Marfan syndrome; mechanisms and prevention of progression of COPD; and hepatocyte growth factor signaling in airspace homeostasis.
Dr. Neptune serves on the Compliance Compensation Subcommittee for the Department of Medicine.
- Associate Professor of Medicine
Departments / Divisions
- Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Medicine - Pulmonary and Respiratory
- Medicine - Pulmonary Medicine
- Pediatrics
Centers & Institutes
- MD, Harvard Medical School (1988)
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine / Internal Medicine (1991)
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine / Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (1998)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Genetics (2001)
Board Certifications
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Critical Care Medicine (1999)
Research & Publications
Selected PublicationsView all on Pubmed
Hansel NN, Paré PD, Rafaels N, Sin DD, Sandford A, Daley D, Vergara C, Huang L, Elliott WM, Pascoe CD, Arsenault BA, Postma DS, Boezen HM, Bossé Y, van den Berge M, Hiemstra PS, Cho MH, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Ober C, Wise RA, Connett J, Neptune ER, Beaty TH, Ruczinski I, Mathias RA, Barnes KC; Lung Health Study. "Genome-wide association study identification of novel loci associated with airway responsiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015 Aug;53(2):226-34. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0198OC.
Lambert AA, Kirk GD, Astemborski J, Neptune ER, Mehta SH, Wise RA, Drummond MB. "A cross sectional analysis of the role of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in lung function impairment within the ALIVE cohort." PLoS One. 2014 Apr 17;9(4):e95099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095099.
Poonyagariyagorn HK, Metzger S, Dikeman D, Mercado AL, Malinina A, Calvi C, McGrath-Morrow S, Neptune ER. "Superoxide dismutase 3 dysregulation in a murine model of neonatal lung injury." Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2014 Sep;51(3):380-90. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0043OC.
Calvi C, Podowski M, Lopez-Mercado A, Metzger S, Misono K, Malinina A, Dikeman D, Poonyagariyon H, Ynalvez L, Derakhshandeh R, Le A, Merchant M, Schwall R, Neptune ER. "Hepatocyte growth factor, a determinant of airspace homeostasis in the murine lung." PLoS Genet. 2013;9(2):e1003228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003228. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
Hansel NN, Ruczinski I, Rafaels N, Sin DD, Daley D, Malinina A, Huang L, Sandford A, Murray T, Kim Y, Vergara C, Heckbert SR, Psaty BM, Li G, Elliott WM, Aminuddin F, Dupuis J, O'Connor GT, Doheny K, Scott AF, Boezen HM, Postma DS, Smolonska J, Zanen P, Mohamed Hoesein FA, de Koning HJ, Crystal RG, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Silverman E, Wan E, Vestbo J, Lomas DA, Connett J, Wise RA, Neptune ER, Mathias RA, Paré PD, Beaty TH, Barnes KC. "Genome-wide study identifies two loci associated with lung function decline in mild to moderate COPD." Hum Genet. 2013 Jan;132(1):79-90. doi: 10.1007/s00439-012-1219-6. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
Calvi CL, Podowski M, D'Alessio FR, Metzger SL, Misono K, Poonyagariyagorn H, Lopez-Mercado A, Ku T, Lauer T, Cheadle C, Talbot CC Jr, Jie C, McGrath-Morrow S, King LS, Walston J, Neptune ER. Critical transition in tissue homeostasis accompanies murine lung senescence. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20712. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020712. Epub 2011 Jun 21. PMID: 21713037
Activities & Honors
Professional Activities
- Compliance Compensation Subcommittee, Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Videos & Media
Recent News Articles and Media Coverage
"Fighting To Breathe: Living With COPD," NPR, June 12, 2013
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
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The Comedy Sessions w/ Carl Hutchinson, Daliso Chaponda & Simon Donald
Saturday 7 October 2017
Fancy a laugh? Well look no further! The Saturday night Comedy Sessions features three stand up comedians from around the globe every Saturday evening from 7pm until 10pm (First comedian onstage at 7.45pm approx). PLEASE NOTE that any arrivals after 7.45pm will have to wait until the next available interval to be allowed into the venue.
Tickets are available from our official Ticket Arena Box Office HERE, Ticketweb HERE and are also available to purchase in adv from Jumbo Records either online or over the phone – 0113 245 5570.
Time7pm - 10pm
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- Health
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Thomas S Kickler, M.D.
Director of Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory, Department of Pathology
Professor of Pathology
Expertise: Hemostasis, Immunohematology, Pathology, Platelet Function Disorders
Research Interests: Pharmacogenomics of anti-coagulant agents; The role of platelet activation in coronary artery restenosis; Atherosclerosis in HIV infection; Platelet activation in response to chronic cocaine ingestion ...read more
Dr. Thomas Kickler is a professor of medicine, oncology and pathology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. His areas of clinical expertise include hemostasis, pathology and platelet function disorders. Dr. Kickler serves as director of the Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory in the Department of Pathology.
He received his undergraduate degree and M.D. from the University of West Virginia. He completed residencies at the Mayo Clinic Medical School College of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He performed a fellowship in hematology at the University of Rochester. Dr. Kickler joined the Johns Hopkins faculty in 1980.
Dr. Kickler's research interests include the pharmacogenomics of anti-coagulant agents and the role of platelet activation in coronary artery restenosis.
He was executive director of the Eugene and Mary B. Meyer Center for Advanced Transfusion Practices and Blood Research at Johns Hopkins from 1999 to 2003. He is the author of more than 150 peer-reviewed publications.
- Director of Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory, Department of Pathology
- Professor of Pathology
- Professor of Medicine
- Professor of Oncology
Departments / Divisions
- Medicine - Hematology
- Oncology
- Pathology - Hematologic Pathology
- MD; Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine (1973)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Clinical Pathology (1976)
- Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education / Internal Medicine (1978)
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry / Hematology (1980)
Board Certifications
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Hematology (1980)
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Internal Medicine (1978)
- American Board of Pathology / Clinical Pathology (1984)
Research & Publications
Research Summary
Dr. Kickler's clinical research involves the study of pathologic blood clotting in variety of clinical disorders. Current research is in Pharmacogenomics of anti-coagulant agents, the role of platelet activation in coronary artery restenosis, atherosclerosis in HIV infection, and platelet activation in response to chronic cocaine ingestion.
He is also studying novel biomarkers of coagulation activation in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Dr. Kickler directs the hematology laboratories and coagulation laboratories which are used to evaluate patients seen in the Hematology Clinic and Hemophilia Center.
He teaches laboratory hematology to hematology fellows and attends in the fellows clinic.
Core Facility: Blood Disorders & Special Coagulation
Selected Publications
- Gluckman TJ, Segal JB, Fredde NL, Saland KE, Jani JT, Walenga JM, Prechel MM, Citro KM, Zidar DA, Fox E, Schulman SP, Kickler TS, Rade JJ. "Incidence of antiplatelet factor 4/heparin antibody induction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization." Am J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;95(6):744-7.
- Slichter SJ, Davis K, Enright H, Braine H, Gernsheimer T, Kao KJ, Kickler T, Lee E, McFarland J, McCullough J, Rodey G, Schiffer CA, Woodson R. "Factors affecting posttransfusion platelet increments, platelet refractoriness, and platelet transfusion intervals in thrombocytopenic patients. Blood. 2005 May 15;105(10):4106-14. Epub 2005 Feb 3.
- Streiff MB, Segal J, Grossman SA, Kickler TS, Weir EG. "ABO blood group is a potent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant gliomas." Cancer. 2004 Apr 15;100(8):1717-23.
- Ganesh K, Billings Y, Sharma K, Dayhoff J, Fales HM, Kickler TS, Nabel EG. "A novel MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic proteomic technique for serumbiomarker assessment in venous thromboembolism." Circulation. 2003;108(17):560.
- Brotman DJ, Segal JB, Jani JT, Petty BG, Kickler TS. "Limitations of D-dimer testing in unselected inpatients with suspected venous thromboembolism." Am J Med. 2003 Mar;114(4):276-82.
Takemoto, C.M, Jani J, Streiff Mj, Chen J, Kickler, T. Activated partial thromboplastin time and anti-xa measurements in heparin monitoring: biochemical basis for discordance. Am J Clin Pathol. 139:450-6, 2013.
Kakououse N, Kickler T, Rade J. J Thromb Haemost 11(10) 1814-22, 2013 . Hematocrit alters Verify P2Y12 assay results independently of intrinsic platelet reactivity and clopridogrel responsiveness.
DeFillipis AP, Oloyede OS, Guallar E, Blumenthal RS, Kickler TS, Rade JJ. Thromboxane generation in absence of Cox-1 activity in patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation 77(11) 2786-93, 2014.
Lai H, Stitzer M, Treisman G, Moore R, Brinker J, Gerstenblith G, Kickler TS, Li J, Chen S, Fishman E, Lai S. Cocaine abstinence and reduced use associated with lowered marker of endothelial dysfunction in African Americans, J Addict Med. 2015 Jul 7.
Streiff MB, Ye X, Kickler TS, Desideri S, Jani J, Fisher J, Grossman SA. A prospective multicenter study of venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed high grade glioma, hazard rates and risk factors. J Neurooncol. 2015 Jun 23.
Gavriilaki E, Yuan X, Ye Z, Ambinder AJ, Shanbhag SP, Streiff MB, Kickler TS Brodsky RA Modified Ham test for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. .Blood. 2015 Jun 4;125(23):3637-46.
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
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A report on the amount of net stripping of Treasury securities that has taken place during the month. The report details gross stripping and reconstitution of Treasury notes and bonds by individual issue.
STRIPS is an acronym for Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities. A normal Treasury note or bond consists of a principal payment and semiannual interest payments. For example, a 30-year Treasury bond for $1,000 consists of 60 interest payments--one every six months for 30 years--and a principal payment of $1,000 when the bond matures. If this bond gets stripped of its interest (coupon) payments, it becomes a "zero-coupon" bond. The owner doesn't get paid any interest but buys the right to repayment of principal, $1,000, at a deep discount to the face value. Investors buy these to guarantee a certain payment amount at a specific point in the future (e.g. when a child will be ready for college), but don't want income from the bonds over that period.
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Re: What do you call your "group owners"?crossman Feb 23, 2012 6:26 PM (in response to dsacks)
We call them group owners but lump group owners and space admins under the broad generic term "community managers".
My role is as "Enterprise" Community Manager.
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Re: What do you call your "group owners"?jemjanik Mar 5, 2012 5:45 AM (in response to crossman)
Our setup is almost exactly the same. Those who are fairly savvy will collectively refer to the group owners as community managers or local community managers, with myself being enterprise community manager. When talking to most group owners though we just call them group owners as they told me early on that was less confusing to them.
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?jessekane Feb 24, 2012 7:20 AM (in response to dsacks)
We also generally refer to people in charge of individual groups as "owners" to keep it simple, since that's word you see in places like the Group Overview widget. It's not perfect as an owner is called an administrator in the members area. My role is Community Manager or more often, "that DLife guy."
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?Maya.Chaplin-Glover Feb 24, 2012 11:08 AM (in response to dsacks)
Hi Debbie, I'm curious - what do you do differently than your "Group Owners/Community Managers"? In other words, do you monitor the group as an admin, assist with questions, content and etc, or do your group owners primarily do this?
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?dsacks Feb 28, 2012 6:52 AM (in response to Maya.Chaplin-Glover)1 person found this helpful
Hi Maya: I monitor and manage the overall community, increasing awareness and adoption and measuring success. I also monitor the groups at a very high level as an admin (I have full privileges so can see everything), assist with questions via our general Q&A section and write/link to content from the homepage. However, I work with the "group owners/community managers" so they can monitor their individual groups like you mention above. We train them so know their roles as community managers. We need them to understand that if they create a group within Jive, it comes with responsibilities. They need to:
- Create, manage and monitor their groups, encouraging dialogue and conversation
- Answer subject-matter questions within their groups (or direct these questions to the appropriate person)
- Grow adoption within their groups
- Champion Jive over less efficient ways of working
- Know our guidelines and what to do if there's inappropriate behavior
Our thinking is that if someone creates a group, they need to keep it fresh, otherwise it will turn into the graveyard that is our Intranet / network drives). I also see their roles as subject matter-specific whereas I look at the entire community and help out where I can -- and when needed. And, we all work with our "champions" who we use to evangelize the value of Jive to employees who are slower to adapt.
Hope this makes sense.
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?Maya.Chaplin-Glover Feb 28, 2012 6:57 AM (in response to dsacks)
Debbie –
This makes absolute sense! I'm hoping you will take me under your wing, so to speak. About me: I'm a publicist actually, who knew she had to be a part of social media. I work for Carney Inc, near Washington Dc and I manager the Jive communities for the National Archives and Va.
Maya Chaplin-Glover
Social Media Community Manager
Carney, Inc. Performance Acceleration™
Let us know how we can better serve you
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?dsacks Feb 28, 2012 7:11 AM (in response to Maya.Chaplin-Glover)
Hi Maya:
Believe me, there are many people in this community who will take you under their wing. I am fairly new to this too! But, learning everyday and learning more as I read all the great conversations within this group. I'll help you where I can, but I think others know a lot more than me!
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?Maya.Chaplin-Glover Feb 28, 2012 7:31 AM (in response to dsacks)
Haha, I completely understand. There's something to be said about being a "newbie." Do you have any recommendations on who might also be a good resource?
Maya Chaplin-Glover
Social Media Community Manager
Carney, Inc. Performance Acceleration™
Let us know how we can better serve you
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?dsacks Mar 6, 2012 6:44 AM (in response to Maya.Chaplin-Glover)
Hi Maya:
So sorry for not responding sooner. Honestly, if you subscribe to the community and just watch the questions and answers, you'll learn about those who have been using this tool for awhile and can share best practices. However, I've found that everyone has their unique perspective based on their organization's culture, size, readiness to adopt, etc., so the whole experience here, and everyone's input is valuable!
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?DGarber Mar 5, 2012 4:59 PM (in response to Maya.Chaplin-Glover)
Hey Maya,
It sounds like you work in an interesting place. I am focused on our Internal Community at Hitachi Data Systems.
I try to communicate to the Group Owners that they are Community Managers and there are opportunities for them to have an impact on their group and the Company.
I look forward to sharing information with you as we go along this journey.
Donna Garber
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?John Schwiller Mar 4, 2012 9:33 PM (in response to dsacks)
Coming to this sooo late. We use the term Community Manager. But worth noting that Community Roundtable and WOMMA have created the roles, in increasing seniority, or pay grade ?, Community Specialist, Community Manager, Community Strategist.
The first bunch of certified Community Specialists are 'out there' =)
A term used by a current client is Community Owner just to create another name. I guess what you call them, or youself is a little less important than being sure what you are going to do, what other colleagues are going to do, and finally that everything that needs to be done gets allocated to someone and not missed off. Also that these responsibilities are reviewed over time as the communities grow.
Re: What do you call your "group owners"?dsacks Mar 5, 2012 11:18 AM (in response to John Schwiller)
Hi John:
Thanks for your response.
So, are you saying, according to The Community Roundtable and WOMMA, the Community Strategist is at a higher lever than the Enterprise Community Manager?
Thanks, Debbie


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Skeptic Check: Follywood Science
Categories: Earth
Sep 9, 2013
ENCORE The Day After. 2001. Prometheus. There are sci-fi films a'plenty … but how much science is in the fiction? We take the fact checkers to Hollywood to investigate the science behind everything from space travel to human cloning.
Plus, guess what sci-fi film is the most scientifically accurate (hint: we've already mentioned it). Also, why messing with medical facts on film can be dangerous … and the inside scoop from a writer of one of television's most successful sci-fi franchises.
And, a robot who surpasses even Tinseltown's lively imagination: a humanoid that may become a surrogate you.
- David Kirby – Senior lecturer in science communication studies at the University of Manchester in the U.K. and author of Lab Coats in Hollywood: Science, Scientists, and Cinema
- Lucas Kavner – Reporter, Huffington Post, author of a piece on the rise of robot surrogates
- Wayne Grody – Medical geneticist, director of the DNA diagnostic Laboratory, UCLA Medical Center
- Andre Bormanis – Television writer and science consultant for Star Trek
First released July 30, 2012.


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Collection Items
MapBird's eye view of Camp Chase near Columbus, Ohio. Perspective map not drawn to scale. "Comp. H. 88 Rgt. O.V.I." LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.), 318 LC Panoramic maps (2nd ed.), 683.1 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Indexed for points of interest. Vault AACR2: 100; 651/1
- Contributor: Ruger, A. - Ehrgott, Forbriger & Co.
- Date: 1860


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Book a free in store consultation with our award winning design team
From one room to an entire home, let Uocmas curate your personal sanctuary. We're renowned for creating breathtaking interiors that are welcoming, lived in and loved. Simply bring your floorplan for a free in store consultation and we'll help you transform your space to fit any unique brief.


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For discussion of Electric Universe and Plasma Cosmology. The ideas and opinions expressed on this forum do not necessarily reflect those of T-Bolts Group Inc or The Thunderbolts Project(TM)
Cargo wrote:Why does the Universe need an Origin, or even a theory for it's Birth? Personally, one tenant of general EU practice is that the origin is not in question, and does not need to be explained, and does not require a theory to answer for it. If it even does exist. There's no point in even worrying about it. Unless you like to play games with wormholes and alternate universes. Next we'll have entire college departments working on, 'what existed when the Universe didn't exist?'. Bah humbug.
Aardwolf wrote:Why does there need to be an origin?
The universe is infinite and perpetual in both time and space.
MotionTheory wrote:Super structure filaments formed first, before plasma subdivide into smaller structures and eventually galaxies. I am interested in seeing how your math model build the universe from nothing but H gas. thx
maadim wrote:more from the same
maadim wrote:And the math going like this:
(st)^2 =(E ⃗^π)-(m ⃖ /E^π )
but with out to much information it will look like this:
f (z)=(z ⃗^π)-((z ⃖ )/z^π )+(z ⃗^π)-((z ⃖ )/z^π )+... only work with a positive number of equation.
Return to New Insights and Mad Ideas
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|Biosequences .. Software .. Molbio soft .. Network News .. FTP
Infectious Diseases laboratory at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio seeks Post-doctoral Fellow to study Candida fungal pathogenesis using molecular biology, cell biology, genomic, and proteomic approaches as part of an active mycology research group. Our laboratory is studying the secretion of virulence-associated proteins in C. albicans, identification of novel secretory proteins involved in pathogenesis, and novel markers of invasive fungal infections. Ph.D in biological sciences and a strong research background, preferably with yeast cell biology and/or functional genomics and proteomics, is required. The San Antonio Center for Medical Mycology is a collaborative group of more than 11 investigators with a diverse and broad expertise in mycology and more than $16 million in active support. UTHSCA and the Audie Murphy VA Medical Center is an equal opportunity employer. Our website is available at: www.sacmm.org Please email Samuel Lee, MD Ph.D at: Lees7 at uthscsa.edu for more information. -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 1196 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/yeast/attachments/20051129/b7984acb/attachment.bin


text: [ http://jira.jboss.com/jira/browse/JBSEAM-1074?page=all ] Pete Muir closed JBSEAM-1074. ----------------------------- > Provide EL Integration for Spring Beans when not in faces request > ----------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: JBSEAM-1074 > URL: http://jira.jboss.com/jira/browse/JBSEAM-1074 > Project: JBoss Seam > Issue Type: Bug > Components: Spring > Affects Versions: 1.2.0.GA > Reporter: Michael Youngstrom > Assigned To: Michael Youngstrom > Fix For: 1.2.1.GA > > > It appears that faces-config's variable resolvers are not available in seam-remoting and potentially other types of seam non jsf operations. This issue is to look into providing a Spring ELResolver added to Seam's ELResolver if needed instead of using Spring's DelegatingVariableResolver. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - If you think it was sent incorrectly contact one of the administrators: http://jira.jboss.com/jira/secure/Administrators.jspa - For more information on JIRA, see: http://www.atlassian.com/software/jira


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Virtual desktops, virtual workspaces, voice, video, … virtual reality
Today, there is lots of buzz around the big news from Cisco and our ecosystem partners with the launch of next generation VXI validated solutions. If you missed our launch event, you can still get all the details online via our community.
Cisco Virtualization Experience Infrastructure (VXI) delivers desktop virtualization with secure access to data, voice, and video for fixed and mobile devices.
Pretty cool but, why is virtualization important for government agencies?
- cost control, more than ever government agencies are focused on strategies to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs
- flexibilty, allow government workers ability to work in different workplaces, from city hall to public works, with choices of different combinations of virtual desktops, voice, and video devices including latest smartphones, tablets, and Cisco Virtualization Experience Clients (VXC)
- security, better security and control of information in the data center rather than distributed endpoints and with the "bring your own device" (BYOD) to work phenomenon, security is more critical than ever
- uncompromised, helping government agencies achieve mission objectives without compromising cost or resilience mandates
See more details below.
Desktop virtualization provides advantages for government agencies seeking simple and cost-effective delivery of desktop and applications for government workers—including employees spread out across geographic regions:
- city hall to remote branch locations such as remote court rooms, libraries
- munipical airports
- civilian and defense agencies
- mobile public safety and public works employees in the field
- teleworkers
Because of the ability to quickly manage and deploy applications from a central location, government IT departments can benefit from a centralized data center to centrally manage provisioning and secure access to applications.
With budget and personnel constraints, governments face the challenge to modernize legacy applications. With desktop virtualization, access to legacy applications can be provided securely and cost-effectively. Try this tool to estimate costs.
It's a journey to end-to-end virtualization, but there are incremental steps you can take today. Some compelling use cases include:
- Reduced Windows 7 Migration costs
- Mobile workers
- Teleworkers
- Temporary workers
- Bring your own device (BYOD)
- Security and data protection
- Improved backup and disaster recovery
Cisco Validated Designs (CVDs) are blueprints that have been tested to work with our partners to help you assure successful implementation.
Please let me know if you are planning to deploy desktop virtualization in your government agency. What is your compelling use case?
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.
4 Comments
Well in this newly launched Cisco Virtualization Experience Infrastructure (VXI) i think beyond controlling costs there's one more point that makes spending money on VXI worthwhile is the restriction of using your own device at work. I think from the features VXI seems a very good and innovative product of CISCO.
This is very interesting post.I like this. I will come back read again and get more information.


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In this newly revised third edition, parents will learn how to help their child adjust insulin, have a busy schedule and still feel healthy, negotiate the twists and turns of being "different," accept the many challenges life has to offer, and much more.
Raising a child is hard. Add in the day-to-day challenges that come from having a child with diabetes, and it becomes even harder. Luckily, diabetes research and advancements over the past few years have made it easier to manage your child's care, helping you and your family get back to a normal life. Guide to Raising a Child with Diabetes is an invaluable parenting tool, featuring the latest advances in diabetes care, plus parenting advice from diabetes experts. Learn to navigate through the normal activities of childhood and raise your kids to be strong, confident, and capable of managing their own diabetes care. Learn about: • Adjusting insulin so kids can eat their favorite foods • Helping your child accept insulin injections • Developing a meal plan for your whole family • Raising a child with type 2 diabetes • Transitioning to adult care ©2011 American Diabetes Association Softcover, 6 x 9, 236 pages
As a diabetes educator, I find this book very down-to-earth with useful advice for parents raising a child with diabetes. Jean has a wealth of information for her readers in an easy to read format! I recommend this book to anyone who has a child with diabetes. It is a great resource!
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This book is an excellent resource for parents who are new to having a child with diabetes, and veteran parents alike. A to Z basics, and the many challenges a parent may face throughout the life stages of their child with diabetes, are thoughtfully covered. I love the way this book is laid out in a user friendly format that allows you to easily access tips and resources on any given topic. I highly recommend this comprehensive guide!
Since the beginning of my career as a diabetes educator, Jean Betschart Roemer has been my go-to author for myself and the families I serve. Her newest publication is thorough, up-to-date, and research based. She writes in a caring, supportive, and affirming manner. Ms. Roemer shares her keen insights that help families integrate the demands of diabetes in their daily lives. Chapters 8 and 9 ("As Your Child Grows Up" and "Living with Diabetes") are treasures! These chapters support her goal for parents to be confident about their ability to raise a child with diabetes. This book provides families with the basics of diabetes and beyond. Managing diabetes can be a challenge, Many strategies are offered so life can be live to the fullest. I heartily recommend this book!
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Latest media releases
UBS appoints new Chief Communication Officer
UBS appoints Michael Willi Chief Communication Officer. In his new role Michael Willi will report to the Group CEO and bear global responsibility for UBS corporate and brand communications. He will head up the areas of Communications Management, Media Relations, Internal Communications and Brand Management. Financial communications will now be part of the Group Chief Financial Officer function. Michael Willi succeeds Tom Hill, who will take over responsibility for Group Strategic Advisory and Financial Communications, reporting to the Group CFO.
Michael Willi is an economist who began working at Swiss Bank Corporation in 1992. Since then he has served in various executive functions within UBS corporate communications. Most recently he headed the worldwide Corporate Communications Management Organization out of New York, USA.


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I am in a restaurant eating lunch with my mom when the urge to beat my clit meat, overcums me. My waiter is so hot, that I can't take it. So, after I order my drinks, for me and her, I get up and head to the bathroom and I decided to record it for you. When I go in, I hear a woman in there so I try my best to whisper, then I love the way my finger is deliverig that orgasm to my clit, so I start moaning. I know she heard me. haha. I don't care. I feel like, hey! you should try it too, then, you may be happier hahaha. bitter betty. watch me cum, then show me your cum, on the screen, send me a shot - tweet - me the pic @marcydiamond
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