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AbstractAlthough little is known regarding microbial life within our planet's rock-hosted deep subseafloor biosphere, boreholes drilled through deep ocean sediment and into the underlying basaltic crust provide invaluable windows of access that have been used previously to document the presence of microorganisms within fluids percolating through the deep ocean crust. In this study, the analysis of 1.7 million small subunit ribosomal RNA genes amplified and sequenced from marine sediment, bottom seawater and basalt-hosted deep subseafloor fluids that span multiple years and locations on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank was used to quantitatively delineate a subseafloor microbiome comprised of distinct bacteria and archaea. Hot, anoxic crustal fluids tapped by newly installed seafloor sampling observatories at boreholes U1362A and U1362B contained abundant bacterial lineages of phylogenetically unique Nitrospirae, Aminicenantes, Calescamantes and Chloroflexi. Although less abundant, the domain Archaea was dominated by unique, uncultivated lineages of marine benthic group E, the Terrestrial Hot Spring Crenarchaeotic Group, the Bathyarchaeota and relatives of cultivated, sulfate-reducing Archaeoglobi. Consistent with recent geochemical measurements and bioenergetic predictions, the potential importance of methane cycling and sulfate reduction were imprinted within the basalt-hosted deep subseafloor crustal fluid microbial community. This unique window of access to the deep ocean subsurface basement reveals a microbial landscape that exhibits previously undetected spatial heterogeneity.
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AbstractThe oceanic basaltic basement contains the largest aquifer on Earth and potentially plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as a net sink for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, few details of the organic matter cycling in the subsurface are known because great water depths and thick sediments typically hinder direct access to this environment. In an effort to examine the role of water–rock–microorganism interaction on organic matter cycling in the oceanic basaltic crust, basement fluid samples collected from three borehole observatories installed on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved amino acids. Our data show that dissolved free amino acids (1–13 nM) and dissolved hydrolyzable amino acids (43–89 nM) are present in the basement. The amino acid concentrations in the ridge-flank basement fluids are at the low end of all submarine hydrothermal fluids reported in the literature and are similar to those in deep seawater. Amino acids in recharging deep seawater, in situ amino acid production, and diffusional input from overlying sediments are potential sources of amino acids in the basement fluids. Thermodynamic modeling shows that amino acid synthesis in the basement can be sustained by energy supplied from inorganic substrates via chemolithotrophic metabolisms. Furthermore, an analysis of amino acid concentrations and compositions in basement fluids support the notion that heterotrophic activity is ongoing. Similarly, the enrichment of acidic amino acids and depletion of hydrophobic ones relative to sedimentary particulate organic matter suggests that surface sorption and desorption also alters amino acids in the basaltic basement. In summary, although the oceanic basement aquifer is a net sink for deep seawater DOC, similar amino acid concentrations in basement aquifer and deep seawater suggest that DOC is preferentially removed in the basement over dissolved amino acids. Our data also suggest that organic carbon cycling occurs in the oceanic basaltic basement, where an active subsurface biosphere is likely responsible for amino acid synthesis and degradation.
AbstractThe basaltic ocean crust is the largest aquifer system on Earth, yet the rates of biological activity in this environment are unknown. Low-temperature (<100°C) fluid samples were investigated from two borehole observatories in the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR) flank, representing a range of upper oceanic basement thermal and geochemical properties. Microbial sulfate reduction rates (SRR) were measured in laboratory incubations with 35S-sulfate over a range of temperatures and the identity of the corresponding sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) was studied by analyzing the sequence diversity of the functional marker dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase (dsrAB) gene. We found that microbial sulfate reduction was limited by the decreasing availability of organic electron donors in higher temperature, more altered fluids. Thermodynamic calculations indicate energetic constraints for metabolism, which together with relatively higher cell-specific SRR reveal increased maintenance requirements, consistent with novel species-level dsrAB phylotypes of thermophilic SRM. Our estimates suggest that microbially-mediated sulfate reduction may account for the removal of organic matter in fluids within the upper oceanic crust and underscore the potential quantitative impact of microbial processes in deep subsurface marine crustal fluids on marine and global biogeochemical carbon cycling.
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AbstractTo expand investigations into the phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms inhabiting the subseafloor biosphere, basalt-hosted crustal fluids were sampled from Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) affixed to Holes 1025C and 1026B along the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) flank using a clean fluid pumping system. These boreholes penetrate the crustal aquifer of young ocean crust (1.24 and 3.51 million years old, respectively), but differ with respect to borehole depth and temperature at the sediment-basement interface (147 m and 39°C vs. 295 m and 64°C, respectively). Cloning and sequencing of PCR-amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA genes revealed that fluids retrieved from Hole 1025C were dominated by relatives of the genus Desulfobulbus of the Deltaproteobacteria (56% of clones) and Candidatus Desulforudis of the Firmicutes (17%). Fluids sampled from Hole 1026B also contained plausible deep subseafloor inhabitants amongst the most abundant clone lineages; however, both geochemical analysis and microbial community structure reveal the borehole to be compromised by bottom seawater intrusion. Regardless, this study provides independent support for previous observations seeking to identify phylogenetic groups of microorganisms common to the deep ocean crustal biosphere, and extends previous observations by identifying additional lineages that may be prevalent in this unique environment.
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AbstractMarine sediments are a primary reservoir for the long-term storage of organic matter, and the rate of burial and oxidation of this sedimentary organic material help to regulate both atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. To evaluate the impact of circulating basement fluid on the preservation of deeply buried organic carbon, sedimentary profiles of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) near the sediment/basement interface were obtained from sediment coring at Site U1363 during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 327. Sedimentary DOC increased from 0.25 mM at 1 m below the seawater/sediment interface to a maximum of 0.86 mM at mid-depth (8–11 meters below seafloor [mbsf]), before subsequently decreasing to a minimum of 0.10 mM at the sediment/basement interface (222.7 mbsf). Thus, the oceanic basement appears to be a net sink for sedimentary DOC. Sedimentary DOC and alkalinity profiles were similar and inversely mirror those of sulfate, suggesting that the buildup of DOC in sediment pore water is related to remineralization of sedimentary POC. The sedimentary POC content at Site U1363 ranged from 47 to 391 µmol-C/g, with δ13C values from –25.3‰ to –22.4‰. The total particulate nitrogen (PN) content ranged from 4.1 to 32.9 µmol-N/g, with δ15N values from 1.8‰ to 7.2‰ and a POC:PN ratio of 12 ± 2 (n = 54). No depth-specific systematic variations in POC, PN, POC:PN ratio, δ13C-POC or δ15N-PN were detected, and no significant correlations between sedimentary DOC and POC concentrations were observed.
AbstractThe oceanic basaltic crust is the largest aquifer on Earth and has the potential to harbor substantial subsurface microbial ecosystems, which hitherto remains largely uncharacterized and is analogous to extraterrestrial subsurface habitats. Within the sediment-buried 3.5 Myr old basaltic crust of the eastern Juan de Fuca Ridge flank, the circulating basement fluids have moderate temperature (∼65 °C) and low to undetectable dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Sulfate, present in high concentrations, is therefore expected to serve as the major electron acceptor in this subsurface environment. This study focused on the availability and potential sources of two important electron donors, methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2), for the subseafloor biosphere. High integrity basement fluids were collected via fluid delivery lines associated with Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits (CORKs) that extend from basement depths to outlet ports at the seafloor. Two new CORKs installed during IODP 327 in 2010, 1362A and 1362B, were sampled in 2011 and 2013. The two CORKs are superior than earlier style CORKs in that they are equipped with coated casing and polytetrafluoroethylene fluid delivery lines, reducing the interaction between casing materials with the environment. Additional samples were collected from an earlier style CORK at Borehole 1301A. The basement fluids are enriched in H2 (0.05–1.8 μmol/kg), suggesting that the ocean basaltic aquifer can support H2-driven metabolism. The basement fluids also contain significant amount of CH4 (5–32 μmol/kg), revealing CH4 as an available substrate for subseafloor basaltic habitats. The δ13C values of CH4 from the three boreholes ranged from −22.5 to −58‰, while the δ2H values ranged from −316 to 57‰. The isotopic compositions of CH4 and the molecular compositions of hydrocarbons suggest that CH4 in the basement fluids is of both biogenic and abiotic origins, varying among sites and sampling times. The δ2H values of CH4 in CORK 1301A fluid samples are much more positive than found in all other marine environments investigated to date and are best explained by the partial microbial oxidation of biogenic CH4. In conclusion, our study shows that CH4 and H2 are persistently available to fuel the deep biosphere and that CH4 is both produced and potentially consumed by microorganisms in the oceanic basement.
AbstractMicroorganisms inhabiting sediment in close proximity to recharging basement outcrops are of interest because of the enhanced advective fluid flow in these locations, which is expected to exert unique selective pressures on the resident microbial communities. Here, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) boreholes were used to access sediment microbial communities near Grizzly Bare recharge seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank. The two locations examined in this study, Holes U1363G and U1363B, are 50 and 177 m away from the center of the outcrop, respectively. In general, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clones from all three domains of life were detected; these groups were predominantly related to microorganisms known to reside in marine sediment. A large fraction of environmental gene clones recovered from Hole U1363B and U1363G sediment were related to uncultivated, candidate phyla of Bacteria such as BHI80-139, BRC1, JS1, OPB41, and TA06. Hole U1363B and U1363G sediment clone libraries were generally dominated by the domain Bacteria and particularly the phylum Chloroflexi, which comprised approximately one-quarter of the total gene clones identified. However, borehole sediment also contained several archaeal lineages that were phylogenetically affiliated with the Miscellanenous Crenarchaeotal Group. Eukaryotic fungi were only detected within the interstitial water sample from Hole U1363B. Finally, a minor portion of clones recovered from sediment in this study were also recovered from basement fluid samples previously characterized from Baby Bare discharge seamount and Ocean Drilling Program and IODP borehole Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit Observatories (CORKs) in Holes 1026B and U1301A, which are ~50 km to the north-northeast.
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The permeable rocks of the upper oceanic basement contain seawater-sourced fluids estimated to be ~ 2% of the global ocean volume. This represents a very large potential subsurface biosphere supported by chemosynthesis. Recent collection of high integrity samples of basement fluid from the sedimented young basaltic basement on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flanks, off the coasts of Vancouver Island (Canada) and Washington (USA), and subsequent chemical analyses permit numerical modeling of metabolic redox reaction energetics. Here, values of Gibbs free energy for potential chemolithotrophic net reactions were calculated in basement fluid and in zones where basement fluid and entrained seawater may mix; the energy yields are reported both on a per mole electrons transferred and on a per kg of basement fluid basis. In pure basement fluid, energy yields from the anaerobic respiration processes investigated are anemic, releasing < 0.3 J/kg basement fluid for all reactions except methane oxidation by ferric iron, which releases ~ 0.6 J/kg basement fluid. In mixed solutions, aerobic oxidation of hydrogen, methane, and sulfide is the most exergonic on a per mole electron basis. Per kg of basement fluid, the aerobic oxidation of ammonia is by far the most exergonic at low temperature and high seawater:basement fluid ratio, decreasing by more than two orders of magnitude at the highest temperature (63 °C) and lowest seawater:basement fluid ratio investigated. Compared with mixing zones in deep-sea hydrothermal systems, oceanic basement aquifers appear to be very low energy systems, but because of their expanse, may support what has been labeled the 'starving majority'.
AbstractSubmarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of heat, chemicals, and even microbes from the crust to the ocean, but the processes that control these transfers are poorly understood. The 1980s discovery that mid-ocean ridge eruptions are often associated with brief releases of immense volumes of hot fluids ("event plumes") spurred interest in methods for detecting the onset of eruptions or intrusions and for rapidly organizing seagoing response efforts. Since then, some 35 magmatic events have been recognized and responded to on mid-ocean ridges and at seamounts in both volcanic arc and intraplate settings. Field responses at mid-ocean ridges have found that event plumes occur over a wide range of eruption styles and sizes, and thus may be a common consequence of ridge eruptions. The source(s) of event plume fluids are still debated. Eruptions detected at ridges generally have high effusion rates and short durations (hours to days), whereas field responses at arc volcanic cones have found eruptions with very low effusion rates and durations on the scale of years. New approaches to the study of submarine magmatic events include the development of autonomous vehicles for detection and response, and the establishment of permanent seafloor observatories at likely future eruption sites.
AbstractDespite its immense size, logistical and methodological constraints have largely limited microbiological investigations of the subseafloor basement biosphere. In this study, a unique sampling system was used to collect fluids from the subseafloor basaltic crust via a Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit (CORK) observatory at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole 1301A, located at a depth of 2667 m of sediment, which serves as a barrier to direct exchange with bottom seawater. At an average of 1.2 × 104 cells ml−1, microorganisms in borehole fluids were nearly an order of magnitude less abundant than in surrounding bottom seawater. Ribosomal RNA genes were characterized from basement fluids, providing the first snapshots of microbial community structure using a high-integrity fluid delivery line. Interestingly, microbial communities retrieved from different CORKs (1026B and 1301A) nearly a decade apart shared major community members, consistent with hydrogeological connectivity. However, over three sampling years, the dominant gene clone lineage changed from relatives of Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator within the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in 2008 to the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group in 2009 and a lineage within the JTB35 group of Gammaproteobacteria in 2010, and statistically significant variation in microbial community structure was observed. The enumeration of different phylogenetic groups of cells within borehole 1301A fluids supported our observation that the deep subsurface microbial community was temporally dynamic.
AbstractThe permeable upper oceanic basement serves as a plausible habitat for a variety of microbial communities. There is growing evidence suggesting a substantial subseafloor biosphere. Here new time series data are presented on key inorganic species, methane, hydrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in ridge flank fluids obtained from subseafloor observatory CORKs (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) boreholes 1301A and 1026B. These data show that the new sampling methods (Cowen et al., 2012) employed at 1301A result in lower contamination than earlier studies. Furthermore, sample collection methods permitted most chemical analyses to be performed from aliquots of single large volume samples, thereby allowing more direct comparison of the data. The low phosphate concentrations (0.06–0.2 μM) suggest that relative to carbon and nitrogen, phosphorus could be a limiting nutrient in the basement biosphere. Coexisting sulfate (17–18 mM), hydrogen sulfide (∼0.1 μM), hydrogen (0.3–0.7 μM) and methane (1.5–2 μM) indicates that the basement aquifer at 1301A either draws fluids from multiple flow paths with different redox histories or is a complex environment that is not thermodynamically controlled and may allow co-occurring metabolic pathways including sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The low DOC concentrations (11–18 μM) confirm that ridge flank basement is a net DOC sink and ultimately a net carbon sink. Based on the net amounts of DOC, oxygen, nitrate and sulfate removed (∼30 μM, ∼80 μM, ∼40 μM and ∼10 mM, respectively) from entrained bottom seawater, organic carbon may be aerobically or anaerobically oxidized in biotic and/or abiotic processes.
AbstractIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program borehole CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) observatories provide long-term access to hydrothermal fluids circulating within the basaltic crust (basement), providing invaluable opportunities to study the deep biosphere. We describe the design and application parameters of the GeoMICROBE instrumented sled, an autonomous sensor and fluid sampling system. The GeoMICROBE system couples with CORK fluid delivery lines to draw large volumes of fluids from crustal aquifers to the seafloor. These fluids pass a series of in-line sensors and an in situ filtration and collection system. GeoMICROBE's major components include a primary valve manifold system, a positive displacement primary pump, sensors (e.g., fluid flow rate, temperature, dissolved O2, electrochemistry-voltammetry analyzer), a 48-port in situ filtration and fluid collection system, computerized controller, seven 24 V–40 A batteries and wet-mateable (ODI) communications with submersibles. This constantly evolving system has been successfully connected to IODP Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Also described here is a mobile pumping system (MPS), which possesses many of the same components as the GeoMICROBE (e.g., pump, sensors, controller), but is directly powered and controlled in real time via submersible operations; the MPS has been employed repeatedly to collect pristine basement fluids for a variety of geochemical and microbial studies.
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AbstractIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 (summer 2010) was designed to resolve the nature of fluid-rock interactions in young, upper volcanic crust on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Expedition 327 drilled, cased and cored two new basement holes, conducted hydrogeologic experiments, and installed subseafloor borehole observatories (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kits, CORKs). These CORKs were intended to allow borehole conditions to recover to a more natural state after the dissipation of disturbances caused by drilling, casing, and other operations; provide a long-term monitoring and sampling presence for determining fluid pressure, temperature, composition, and microbiology; and facilitate the completion of active experiments to resolve crustal hydrogeologic conditions and processes. Expedition 327 was followed (summer 2011) by R/V Atlantis Expedition AT18-07, with the remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) Jason, to service these CORKs, collect subseafloor pressure data, recover and deploy autonomous fluid and microbial samplers, collect large volumes of borehole fluids, and initiate a cross-hole hydrogeologic experiment using an electromagnetic flow meter. In addition, Atlantis Expedition AT18-07 refurbished an old CORK that could not be replaced during IODP Expedition 327, completing a critical part of the three-dimensional observation network that is currently being used to monitor a large-scale, directional formation response to long-term fluid flow from the crust.
AbstractSubseafloor borehole observatories ("CORKs") are currently the best mechanism by which fluids from subsurface hydrologic zones can be collected to evaluate the composition, evolution, and consequence of fluid circulation in oceanic crust. The fluid-sampling capabilities of CORKs have evolved over two decades, spanning the Ocean Drilling Program and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. The fluid-sampling system for the original CORK design consisted of a single polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube that connected to a valve at the seafloor and ended at depth in the formation. Through successes and disappointments coupled with community desires and efforts, significant iterations of CORK design and capabilities have led to the development of a range of crustal fluid-sampling systems. These iterations continue today with the development of new borehole capabilities, sensors, and samplers. This paper discusses these developments and transitions, highlighting the pros and cons of various designs, materials, and decisions. Although the evolution of CORK design has taken years because of the infrequency of CORK deployments and sample recovery operations, we as a community are now in a position to report on groundbreaking results that will enhance our understanding of subseafloor hydrogeology, crustal evolution, geochemical fluxes, microbial ecology, and biogeochemical processes, as indicated by the wealth of work referenced herein and by the complexity and flexibility of present and future designs.
AbstractMultiple tracers were pumped into upper basement around Hole U1362B during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 as part of a single- and cross-hole tracer experiment on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Tracers injected were sulfur hexafluoride (dissolved gas), cesium chloride hexahydrate, erbium chloride, and holmium chloride hexahydrate (solutes), and several sizes of fluorescent microspheres and fluorescent-stained microbes filtered from surface seawater (particles). Tracers were injected as part of a 24 h pumping experiment intended to test a large volume of basement rock around Hole U1362B. We report on the design of the tracer experiment, methods used to prepare and inject tracers using shipboard mud and cement pump systems, and tools developed to permit shipboard and downhole sampling of injectate. Shore-based analysis of injectate samples will be essential for interpretation of long-term samples collected from subseafloor borehole observatories ("CORKs"). Borehole samples are being collected continuously within a long-term CORK installed in Hole U1362B after tracer injection was complete and within similar CORK systems installed in nearby boreholes before and during Expedition 327. CORK servicing expeditions are currently planned for summer 2011 and 2012. These expeditions and additional work in subsequent years will provide data and samples that will permit a quantitative assessment of tracer transport behavior in the upper ocean crust.
AbstractIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 327 installed two new subseafloor borehole observatory systems ("CORKs") in 3.5 m.y. old upper ocean crust on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge in Holes U1362A and U1362B. Expedition 327 participants also recovered part of an instrument string previously deployed in a CORK in Hole U1301B and deployed a short replacement string. These observatories are part of a network of six CORKs that was designed to monitor, sample, and complete multidisciplinary cross-hole experiments. We present an overview of project goals and describe the design, construction, and deployment of new CORK systems. We also provide an update on the status of preexisting CORK systems as of the start of Expedition 327. Additional CORK servicing and sampling are scheduled for summer 2011 and 2012, including a long-term free-flow perturbation experiment that will test the large-scale directional properties of the upper ocean crust around the observatories.
Sulfate reducing microorganisms (SRM) may play a significant role altering upper oceanic crustal fluids when suitable electron donors, such as hydrogen or organic matter, are available. The habitability of such an environment with respect to sulfate reduction depends on the competition of microbial communities for substrates, which is largely dictated by the energetics of catabolic and anabolic processes. Although sulfate reduction has been observed in fluids taken from the upper ocean crust in Juan de Fuca Ridge flanks, the electron donors (EDs) used by SRM have not been identified, nor has the energy required for organic synthesis been determined. As a result, a collaboration is underway to characterize the EDs that are plausible candidates for the SRM in the Juan de Fuca system and to quantify the amount of energy these microorganisms require to synthesize biomolecules. This is accomplished by carrying out thermodynamic calculations that take into account the physicochemical properties of the resident fluids. Specifically, the Gibbs energy of reactions describing the reduction of sulfate by various EDs and the synthesis of amino acids from inorganic precursors is being calculated at the temperature, pressure and compositional conditions prevailing in particular Juan de Fuca sample site locations.


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Reinhart, Rogoff... and Herndon
Thomas Herndon, the UMass Amherst PHD student who discovered an Excel coding flaw in the famous paper "Growth in a Time of Debt" by economists Kenneth Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart, which had claimed that when a country's debt surpasses 90% of GDP, then growth slows precipitously, was the man of the week.
EU commissioner Olli Rehn and influential US Republican politician Paul Ryan have both quoted a 90% debt-to-GDP limit to support their austerity strategies.
A Developing issue in Macro-Econometric Modeling: Stress Testing
There is a developing issue in Macro-Econometric Modeling right now. It has been burning for about a year; we at asymptotix have some practical engagement with it which is reflected in our essay called 'Crowding Out 2'. That essay and its related comments simply document our experience at the client coal-face where we naively found ourselves addressing in a commercial engagement a great intellectual challenge of our time, probably way ahead of the academic curve. At a much more global and higher media oriented level this issue is documented in what is known as the Krugman / Ferguson debate or put more crudely (cf Niall Ferguson) the Keynesians versus the Monetarists (or more strictly the Classicists or Neo-Classicists).

subset: commoncrawl


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Syncretism and 9/11
September 7, 2017
It has been sixteen years since the horrific events of 9/11. On this anniversary the nation pauses to remember those lost, and to reflect on the issues related not only to that event, but also to our seemingly never ending "War on Terror."
As you think back to where you were and what you felt on that day, I'd like to share another aspect of that tragedy with one that connects to my ongoing research and work in multi-faith engagement.
Not long after 9/11, on September 23, a memorial service was held in Yankee Stadium. The event brought together thousands of people. Emotions were still raw, and many were still waiting for word about the fate of their missing loved ones. The event included not only various politicians, but also clergy representing the major religious traditions in the area. One of those in attendance was Rev. David Benke, a minister in the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod. Rising to the occasion of massive grief, Rev. Benke saw an opportunity to be pastoral, and in doing this he led those in the stadium in prayer. You can watch a video clip of his prayer here.
You might think that this was the end of things as the population of New York, and the rest of the nation continued to wrestle with the attacks and what life in the new normal of post-terrorism would mean. But things took an ugly turn for Rev. Benke. Because of his participation in the memorial service, taking the stage with leaders of other religious traditions, denominational leaders in Benke's church took exception to his actions, leveling charges of heresy over concerns of alleged heresy. Here are Rev. Benke's own words on this, taken from the excellent PBS Frontline documentary Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero (starting at 1:21:12):
The Yankee Stadium day was a pivotal day in my entire life. It was a day when everything that I have stood for as a human being, as well as a person of faith, was going to be on the line. We were in the middle of a very emotional, highly charged event. There was a sense of people wanting to release these profound emotions that had just been harbored in them because they didn't know whether their husbands were going to be found, or their wives. They were still waiting for word from the rescue workers. They were still calling everybody "missing" at that time. They just came for some comfort, something to hang onto. Even though we all had questions of where was God, my prayer was "You have to be our tower of strength God, you cannot desert us at this moment." And that's how the prayer led off. When I shared the podium with representatives of all the major faiths and prayed, that prayer became the center of a major controversy. The very next day, people not outside of my tradition, but from within my tradition, and they were [sending me] messages that nailed me to the floor, frankly, emotionally. They just said, "You were wrong to be there. You never should have gone to Yankee Stadium. You are a heretic. You have dishonored your faith." One man said genuine terrorism was me. He said, "Planes crash and people die. Nothing big about that." Genuine terrorism was me giving that prayer. Well, I just want to say that I have not gotten over that and I can't get through that because I lived through the real terrorists driving the planes into the real buildings. And I've talked to people whose loved ones were murdered, and for me to be put in that same category is just not tolerable to me. I can't take it. I can't bear up under it. It doesn't make any sense to me. Within two months, a number of those people put together a petition and have filed charges of heresy, saying that I am not part of the Christian church because of what I did on that day and should not be part of my denomination anymore, should not be allowed to preach, should have my [clerical] collar removed. The people who brought the charges against me are clergymen from my denomination, and their belief is that the doctrine of the church does not allow a Christian to stand at the same podium with someone of another faith, or everybody is going to get the idea that all religions are equal. And we have made some absolute claims, exclusive claims about our faith. If religion leads people to make these kinds of accusations at exactly the worst moment in American history, perhaps, then what's underneath religion?
As Christianity Today reported, Benke was eventually charged by leaders in the LCMS with "six sets of ecclesiastical violations, including syncretism (mixing religions), unionism (worshiping with non-LCMS Christian clergy), and violating the Bible's commandment against worship of other gods." For this he was suspended, and eventually reinstated two years later.
In the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks the major concern of LCMS leaders was not to reach out and strengthen a Christian brother in ministry at Ground Zero. Nor was it an emphasis on love of neighbor or pastoral ministry in the form of grieving with those who grieve. Instead the LCMS emphasized concerns for boundaries, theologically appropriate distance between "us" as Christians and the "them" of other religions. Why? Given the actions of Rev. Benke in an interfaith context, and the resulting charges of syncretism, it is clear that what was driving the concern on the part of his denominational leaders, as a result of our research related to this, was the moral foundation of purity. From the perspective of LCMS leaders, given their moral assumptions that served as a filter for their theological views, Benke's participation in the event threatened to contaminate the gospel and the LCMS.
Perhaps at times my work that brings moral psychology into conversation with a theology of multi-faith engagement may seem difficult to connect to real world issues. But as this incident from 2001 indicates, the relationship between psychological frameworks and theology have a very real application to the important issues that impact us every day.
How far is too far in engaging others in multi-faith contexts? Is sharing a public forum with other faith leaders appropriate? Is participation or leading in group prayer permissible for a Christian leader in the context of a multi-faith memorial service? This are important questions that must be worked through. And understanding the emotional and moral psychological components are an important part of providing answers in a religiously divided world in desperate need of trust-building.


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In New Zealand, you drive on the left side of the road please see our Road Rules page.
Duration of Hire
The term of hire shall commence and cease at the time and dates specified in the schedule. (Note: Vehicle charges are on a 24-hour basis). First hour is free; Vehicles returned within one hour of the time of return will not be charged; after the first hour late a full day hire applies. The owner must authorise any rental extension beyond that specified in the rental agreement prior to the return of the vehicle. The owner reserves the right to charge a penalty fee of NZ$500 plus the daily rental rate for anyone in breach of this.
Persons who may Drive the Vehicle
The vehicle may be driven during the full period of the hire only by the persons named on, and who have signed the agreement for hire, and only if they hold a current full driver's licence. (Note: only persons 18 years and over may be hirers and authorised drivers).
Payment by Hirer
The hirer shall pay the owner in full prior to hire (as payment for the hire of the vehicle for the agreed period) the sum specified in the Agreement. The hirer must have a credit card. The hirer agrees to pay any additional costs in connection with the hire including (but not limited to) parking and speed camera fines, puncture repair and relocation and cleaning fees as incurred in connection with the hirer's possession of the vehicle, including those which become apparent following termination of the hire. The hirer authorises the owner to debit his charge card for the same.
In addition to the payment specified in clause 'a' the hirer shall pay to the owner the sums specified in the Schedule for Insurance Cover as set out in this agreement.
The hirer shall pay for all petrol or diesel (but not oil) used in the vehicle during the period of the hire.
The hirer will be responsible for the entire cost of the hire should the voucher they present not be paid by the agent. The total payment will be charged to the client's credit card should payment from the agent not be received.
The following credit cards will be accepted: Amex, Visa & Mastercard for payment and security bond purposes.
Hirer's Obligations
The hirer shall ensure that all responsible care is taken in handling and parking the vehicle and that it is left securely locked when not in use. (Note: This clause requires all responsible care to be taken for the vehicle. Animals are not permitted in the vehicle at any time).
Subject to the exclusions set out below, the hirer and any driver authorised to drive the vehicle is indemnified up to a limit of NZ$2,000,000.00; this is in respect of any liability he or she might have for damage to any property (including injury to any animal) belonging to any other person and arising out of use of the vehicles.
Fully comprehensive insurance is included in the quoted rate. This insurance covers you for all damage to a third party vehicle (less the applicable excess) in the unlikely event of an accident. (Note: Options a, b and c do not cover window and tyre damage).
Accessories supplied with the vehicle such as, but not limited to GPS units, ski racks, sleeping bags and other camping equipment is subject to any applicable excess.
Car Insurance
Standard insurance is included in the cost, additional options are as below:
Standard insurance excess NZ$2,000 - this insurance included in daily rental charge
to reduce excess to NZ$500 - additional NZ$10 per day
to reduce excess to nil - additional NZ$15 per day (includes tyre and windscreen waiver)
Excludes water submersion or salt-water damage, damage or loss of lights, tyres (unless hirer has taken Additional Tyre/Windscreen Waiver), roof, underbody and vehicle interior, and any damage caused from the use of snow chains and roof rack systems.
Excludes cover for personal belongings, the cost to replace keys which have been lost or the cost of retrieval of keys which have been locked inside a vehicle. Excesses are charged for each accident or incident resulting in damage or claim. All excess options are void if the terms of the rental agreement are breached.
All Excess Reduction is void if the terms of the Rental Agreement are breached. If this occurs, the hirer will be responsible for the total cost of any damage. This will also include any damage caused by wilful conduct (e.g sitting or standing on the bonnet or roof of the vehicle) and driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
The vehicle is wilfully or recklessly damaged by the hirer or any other person named in the Agreement or driving the vehicle under the authorisation of the hirer, or is lost as the result of wilful or reckless behaviour of the hirer or any such person. (Note: Punctures, damage to tyres, rims, burning out a clutch and any damage arising from using the vehicle to propel any other vehicle are regarded as wilful or reckless damage).
None of the insurance options cover the incorrect use of fuel (fuel being diesel or petrol). The hirer will be responsible for any associated costs.
The hirer will be responsible for the cost to retrieve or recover a vehicle, which has become bogged, regardless of the insurance options taken.
If the vehicle is operated in any race, speed test, rally or contest; insurance is void.
The hirer is not a body corporate or department of State and the vehicle is driven by any person not named in this agreement.
The vehicle is driven by any person who at the time when he/she drives the vehicle is disqualified from holding or has never held a driver's license appropriate for that vehicle.
The vehicle is operated on any unsealed road or beach and any of the following roads: Ninety Mile Beach (Northland), Roads North of Colville Township, Ball Hutt Road (Mt Cook), Skippers Road (Queenstown).
The vehicle is operated outside of the hire or any agreed extension of that term.
It is agreed between the owner and the hirer that section 11 of the Insurance Law Reform Act 1977 shall apply with respect to the above exclusions as if this clause constitutes a contract of insurance.
The hirer acknowledges that he/she shall be liable in respect of the damage or loss referred to in the insurance cover specified in this clause to the amount of the excess shown on the agreement. This applies to damage or loss resulting from the theft or conversion or attempted theft or conversion of the vehicle.
Where the third party causes damage, the hirer is liable for damages as specified in their rental agreement. As insurance is not compulsory in New Zealand there is no guarantee that these damages will be recovered, therefore the bond may be banked and not refunded.
Where the car has been returned during or outside office hours and the vehicle has undiscovered damage to the windscreen or body of the car not covered by insurance, the client will be charged and sent an email summarizing the cost of repairs.
A bond shall be taken for each accident. In the event of a replacement vehicle being dispatched, the bond/ insurance excess will be twice that of the original vehicle.
The bond will be taken to pay for any costs associated with returning the vehicle to the condition it was in at the commencement of hire regardless of whether it was the hirers fault or not.
Additional Hire Costs
A processing fee of NZ$40 (per fine) will be charged for any unpaid parking and speeding fines incurred during the rental period. This is regardless of whether knowledge of these is known.
A $200 cleaning charge for any vehicle returned excessively dirty inside or out, in the sole opinion of the owner.
Owner's Obligations
The owner shall deliver the vehicle in a safe and roadworthy condition.
The owner shall be responsible for all ordinary and extraordinary costs of running the vehicle during the term of hire except that by the terms of this agreement those costs are payable by the hirer. (Note: the hirer shall as soon as practicable in any event within 24 hours notify the owner of any complaints, defects or failure of the vehicle, or claims against the owner or its agents. If the hirer fails to do so the hirer may be deemed to have waived the same and the company will not be liable for any claims resulting there from).
Any mechanical or towing expenses required for the vehicle must be authorised by the owner prior to the repairs or towing taking place. Failure to authorise these expenses may result in the hirer being held liable for the costs.
Mechanical Repairs and Accidents
Any problems associated with the vehicle including equipment failure must be reported to the owner as soon as possible within 24 hours in order to give the owner the opportunity to rectify the problem during the rental period. We do not accept liability for any claims submitted after this period.
All vehicles are registered with the Automobile Association (AA) for 24hr roadside assistance. This service covers any mechanical faults with the vehicle. Please note that the AA does not cover the following and the associated costs will be the responsibility of the hirer;
The vehicle running out of fuel
Keys being locked inside the vehicle or lost
Flat batteries as a result of the lights or keys being left on
A breakdown as a result of damage caused in an accident
The hirer shall ensure that no persons shall interfere with the distance recorder or speedometer, or except in an emergency any part of the engine, transmission, braking or suspension system of the vehicle.
All AA non-mechanical call-outs will incur a call-out charge of NZ$85.
The AA service operates 24hrs, however for mechanical repairs outside office hours (including weekends), some delays may occur. The owner will always endeavour to have the car repaired in the shortest time possible.
The availability of an Exchange Vehicle is not guaranteed; provision is subject to availability, client location, accident liability and remaining hire duration. Hirer charges may be incurred (see below)
If an Exchange Vehicle is required as a result of an accident whether their fault or not, the hirer is responsible for making their own way to the nearest DNZ branch or pickup location
DNZ may offer the hirer the option of paying an - Exchange Vehicle Relocation Fee to send a driver to deliver the Exchange Vehicle to the hirer's location. The hirer will pay for any costs relating to delivery of a change-over vehicle as a result of any single vehicle accident. This charge applies irrespective of any excess reduction taken.
The hirer is responsible for keys which have been locked in the car and for changing tyres.
No replacement vehicle will be provided without receipt of a completed insurance claim form where one is required.
In the event of an accident occurring and an Exchange Vehicle is not available, DNZ will not be liable for any resulting accommodation or living expenses that are in incurred.
Use of the Vehicle
The hirer shall not use or permit to use the vehicle to be used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward, unless the vehicle is hired with the knowledge of the owner for use in a passenger service licensed under Part 1 of The Transport Services Licensing Act 1989.
The Hirer shall not
Sublet or hire the vehicle to any other person.
Permit the vehicle to be operated outside his or her authority.
Operate the vehicle, or permit it to be operated in any race, speed test, rally or contest.
Operate the vehicle or permit it to be operated in breach of the Transport Act 1962, the Traffic Regulations 1976 or any other Act, regulations or by laws relating to road traffic.
Operate the vehicle or permit it to be operated for the transport of more than the number of passengers or more than the weight of passengers or more than the weight of goods specified in the certificate of loading for the vehicle.
Drive or permit the vehicle to be driven by any other persons if at the time of his driving the vehicle the hirer or any other person is not the holder of a current driver's licence appropriate for the vehicle.
Return of the Vehicle
The hirer shall at or before the expiry of the term of hire, deliver the vehicle to the branch detailed in the Agreement, or obtain the owner's consent to the continuation of the hire. (Note: No refund is available to the hirer if the vehicle is returned earlier than stated in the Agreement).
The vehicle is to be returned in a clean and tidy condition. The vehicle is to be returned with the petrol level equal to that when they hired the vehicle, if it is not filled to the same level then a NZ$30 administration fee will apply in addition to the cost of the fuel. If not returned to the branch detailed, a relocation fee of NZ$500 may be charged.
Breach of Contract
The owner shall have the right to terminate the hire and take immediate possession of the vehicle if the hirer fails to comply with any Terms and Conditions of this agreement or if the vehicle is damaged. The termination of the hire under the authority of this clause shall be without prejudice to the other rights of the owner and the rights of the hirer under this agreement or otherwise. This agreement is subject to the laws of New Zealand.
Exchange Rate / Currency Fluctuations
All transactions are conducted in New Zealand dollars. Due to exchange rate fluctuations, there could be some variance between the amount initially debited against your credit card and the amount refunded at the expiration of the rental period. The owner is not liable for such variations. The owner is also not responsible for bank transfer charges, the charge of the hire is the charge payable excluding bank transfer charges.
We reserve the right to refuse any rental at our discretion. (Conditions and charges may change from time to time).
Terms of booking on this website
Information disclaimer
The rates on this website are often heavily discounted. This is due to our negotiated rates and bulk buying power. On very rare occasions, a rate may be displayed incorrectly due to our, or a vehicle supplier's error. In such a case, if you book with us at a quoted rate that is incorrect, we will notify you of any price change and give you the option to proceed or cancel. We make every effort to keep information on our site up to date, but we cannot guarantee this website is free of errors or omissions and retain the right to update or change the information published at any time.
To the extent permitted by law we/the owners of this website will not be liable to you or to any third party (whether in contract, tort, or otherwise) for any direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage (including but not limited to any accident, injury, delay or loss of enjoyment) arising out of your reliance upon information contained on this website, including but not limited to your use (or inability to use) any products or services described or procured through this website.
When you pick up your vehicle, you will be required to sign a rental agreement with the supplier of the vehicle. Your rental and use of the vehicle will be governed by the terms of the rental agreement and any other documentation or information provided to you by the supplier at the time you pick up your vehicle. The rental agreement is between you and the supplier and we will not be liable to you or to any third party in relation to the terms of the supplier's rental agreement or any other documentation provided to you by the supplier at the time of pick up.
While we will make reasonable efforts to ensure we are representing only reputable suppliers, we make no warranty about the fitness or suitability of any third party (supplier) product or service and will not accept responsibility for the quality or fitness of any vehicle. We welcome feedback from our customers on their experience with our suppliers. We may, at our discretion, provide you with reasonable assistance in resolving any dispute you may have with a supplier.
Our total liability to you in relation to your use of this website and the information contained on this website will not exceed the dollar amount of the deposit we have received from you in relation to your booking/rental. Refunds will not be made for bookings cancelled due to inclement weather. Again, we strongly recommend that you take out travel insurance. Your use of this website is governed by the laws of New Zealand and the jurisdiction of the New Zealand courts.
Booking information
To make a booking you must complete our booking form which is easy to follow and secured with the latest encryption technology. Once we receive your form, we will, subject to availability, confirm your booking by emailing you a confirmation voucher and invoice.
If you are booking via phone, please make sure you have read the terms and conditions of the vehicle you wish to rent first. Our reservations consultant will ask you if you have read the terms and agree to them before proceeding. The onus is always on the renter to ensure they make themselves fully aware of the terms displayed on our website.
Information disclosure
In booking on this website you acknowledge that we disclose your information to your selected Supplier in order to provide the requested rental services.
Vehicle capacity and fitness to drive
Under no circumstances are you permitted to carry more passengers than the vehicle you rent is legally registered to carry, and if you do your insurance may be invalidated. The number of seatbelts (and passengers) is indicated next to each vehicle on this website. Luggage capacity where shown is an indication only and we will not be responsible should you be unable to fit your entire luggage into a vehicle. It is your responsibility to choose a journey that is within your capabilities. A vehicle supplier can refuse to rent a vehicle to any person who is in their opinion unfit to drive or does not meet eligibility requirements. In such circumstances we will have no further liability to you.
Refund Policy
In the event of cancellation, any deposit amounts paid at the time of booking are non-refundable.
If you are unsatisfied with our service, please contact us within 48 hours of placing your booking or request and we will work to resolve any issues and determine if compensation is due. In the event you have completed your rental and are unhappy with your vehicle, we are happy to assist you in seeking compensation from the operator of the vehicle.
This website is owned and operated by Online Republic Group Limited. Our financial centre and marketing office is based at Level 5, 12 Madden Street, Wynyard Quarter, Auckland, New Zealand. In Australia, we are based at 2/509 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne VIC 3004. Thank you for booking with us.


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The USA Green Card Lottery costs nothing to enter (other than your admin costs), there is no financial reward at the end of it, and yet for millions of people around the world it is the most valuable lottery on the planet.
Every October, around 50,000 people are granted a US residence visa by lottery. The Department of State, who administer the lottery, receive 14,000,000 applications from around the world each year. Most of these people have no ties to the USA. Since 1995 when the lottery was initiated over a million people have been granted US citizenship through the USA green card lottery.
In much the same way as any national lottery, the draw is made by computer. Recipients of this 'Golden Ticket' though do not need to have sponsorship, employment or family in the USA. They are required to have a reasonable standard of education though. High school or equivalent.
Citizens of countries that have been granted 50,000+ visas in the previous five years though, are ineligible. Unfortunately that currently includes the UK, together with Canada, Mexico, India and China.
Why Was The USA Green Card Lottery Created?
The USA Green Card Lottery went into effect in 1995. This followed a change in the US immigration act of 1990. Initially US immigration was heavily weighted in favour of European migrants, the current system seeks to promote more unrepresented ethnic groups.
The original idea came about following a large influx of Irish immigrants in the late eighties. A time when Irish republican groups were beginning to dissipate.
USA Green Card Lottery Under Threat
Since taking office President Donald J Trump has been making noise about ending the USA Green Card Lottery. President Trump favours a merit based system. A system which is largely backed by the Republicans. The trigger for his decision largely stems from the deadly truck attack in Lower Manhattan last year. This act of terrorism, in which eight people were killed, was carried out by an immigrant from Uzbekistan who was himself a product of the Diversity Immigrant Visa (DV) Program.
A simple Google search will uncover thousands of US Visa agents and Attorneys willing to help prospective applicants…. for a price. However, for anyone possessing the required level of education the process itself is not complicated. I have included a link to the Diversity Immigrant Visa (DV) Program, on the official US Department of State website below.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_message]https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/immigrate/diversity-visa-program-entry/diversity-visa-submit-entry.html[/vc_message][/vc_column][/vc_row]


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Please enter your zip code to see sizes available in your area.
Growth Facts
- Hardiness Zone: 2-7
- Spacing: 3-4'
- Exposure: Sun/Part Shade
- Show more ›
Emerald Green Arborvitae
This item is not available in your area at this time, please contact us to discuss other options.
Emerald Green Arborvitae is the go-to plant for creating living green walls in narrow places. At a spacing of 2-3 feet, a row of Emeralds will fill in to make a solid evergreen privacy screen that will block views into your space, muffle noise, and provide a quiet, deep green background for roses or other flowering plants you'd like to grow. This versatile tree can also be shaped into fun topiary shapes, and as a part of our Fresco™ topiary line, we are pleased to offer Emerald Green Arborvitae in a spiral form as well!
Growth Facts
- Hardiness Zone: 2-7
- Spacing: 3-4'
- Exposure: Sun/Part Shade
- Show more ›
The Story
This species, our native Eastern Arborvitae, has the longest lifespan of any North American tree east of the Rockies, and can live 1,700 years. 'Emerald Green' didn't originate here, however. It emerged from a Danish nursery in 1950, which is why you'll sometimes see this tree referred to as 'Smaragd'—Danish for "Emerald." The descendants of the original owner of that nursery, D.T. Poulsen, are still running the business, though their attentions have turned to plant breeding, and they specialize in roses. Some 30 million 'Poulsen' roses are produced annually.
The Details
Unlike many other evergreen trees, such as Spruce or Juniper, Emerald Green Arborvitae isn't prickly, but soft to the touch. It's fragrant, too! Perhaps its aromatic foliage is why Eastern Arborvitae is also known as "White Cedar"—even though it isn't a true Cedar tree.
How to Grow
This dapper, formal evergreen specimen tree is an easygoing addition to your landscape. It grows in almost any kind of soil, in full sun or light shade. Give it a good drink during dry spells. If it starts to turn brown, it's too late! In deer country, protect this tree with a repellant, or you may get some unsolicited pruning. The only other pest your Emerald Green trees may encounter is "bagworms." Look for little gray cocoons hanging from the branches, pick them off, and crush them under your heel—problem solved!
More Info
Size Guide
Size A
Size B
Size C
Size D
This graphic shows the approximate size and form of the Tree you are viewing.
Size A Trees:
4-5' Tall. Grown in our medium evergreen tree container. At this size you can start your privacy screen and the hardest work has been done for you!
Size B Trees:
5-6' Tall. Full, Immediate privacy at this size. Grown in our large evergreen tree container. You won't regret putting this beautiful evergreen in your landscape.
Size C Trees:
6-8' Tall. Well grown and substantially larger than normally available. Grown either Balled and Burlapped or in one of our Extra Large evergreen containers. This plant will make a big impact on your privacy hedge immediately.
Size D Trees:
8-10' Tall. At this size you won't even remember you have neighbors. Grown Balled and Burlapped, the size will bring immediate peace over your landscape.
Customer Reviews
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I care about people who have been injured and mistreated. I understand how vulnerable it feels to be seriously injured and unable to work. I appreciate the responsibility that comes with being trusted by those injured to guide them through very difficult times.
My law practice is based on two principles:
- do a better job than anyone else can; and
- treat people better than anyone else would.
These principles earn me the privilege of helping everyone from those with modest injuries to those with catastrophic injuries and other vulnerabilities. I get enormous satisfaction from years of hard work on difficult cases for injured clients of all ages. The words of appreciation my team and I receive is just as meaningful as the satisfaction we get from helping those who are unable to thank us.
In terms of my background, I grew up as an ordinary kid in the lower mainland. I was fortunate to gain valuable experience from a young age developing skills that would put me ahead in my law practice many years later. From problem solving as a sole proprietor to the detailed work required negotiating and acquiring large commercial properties. My motivation to help people later became the 'glue' between my skills and a demanding career in law.
- Bond University, Juris Doctor, 2012
- Dalhousie, Bachelor of Management, 2005
Trial Results
Disclaimer: The outcome of every legal proceeding will vary according to the facts and unique circumstances in each individual case. References to successful case results where the lawyers at Murphy Battista LLP have acted for clients are not necessarily a guarantee or indicative of future results.
Joe Murphy, Q.C., Kevin Gourlay, and Mike Murphy acted for the plaintiff who was 16 when he was hit by a young woman who was not paying attention while driving on Halloween night in 2008. He suffered a significant traumatic brain injury. Before the accident, he had been an exceptionally gifted young man. Although he remained intelligent and was attending university, he was plagued by fatigue and cognitive difficulties as a result of the accident that would significantly impact his ability to work as an engineer. The Court assessed damages at $3,297,000, including $3M for loss of future earning capacity.
Scott Stanley and Mike Murphy represented the Plaintiffs in this case involving mild and moderate brain injuries that the plaintiffs sustained as two passengers when the driver of their vehicle lost control on the highway and crashed into a ditch. The court awarded $943,889.36 and $1,525,404.77, respectively.
You have the right insurance, but do you have enough of it?
August 18, 2014
The Mount Polley mining disaster of August 4, 2014, shows that even sophisticated businesses fail to purchase enough insurance. In that case, the dam holding the tailings pond broke, sending 10 million cubic metres of debris into nearby lakes and streams. The cleanup costs are expected to reach into the…Continue Reading
The Law Show: Ep. 42: How the Court System Works in BC, Provincial Courts, Settlements & More
The Law Show: Ep. 41: Safety in Summer, Camping to Road Trips, and Liability
Val Hafting5
Mike Murphy and his team are highly professional, respectful and courteous. They work diligently to secure the best results for you. I felt very supported and informed throughout the whole process. They do not minimize your experience in any way and it applies to all the members of Mike's team. I recommend them wholeheartedly.
Fiona Yang5
Mike Murphy was my lawyer for my motor vehicle claim. I met with a few other lawyers when my accident happened and a friend recommended Mike to me. I decided right away to go with Mike after our meeting. He is professional and very approachable. He provided excellent advice and explained things in terms that were easy to follow. Mike was responsive to all my inquiries and concern. During the time my case was open, Mike checked in with me once in a while to see how my recovery was going. The level of care Mike and his team for me was second to none. I highly recommend Mike Murphy for injuries claim.
Working with the team at Murphy Battista was effortless, specifically Mike and Corinn. From start to finish, they were thorough, thoughtful, communicative and persistent in making sure that the case was handled and settled in the most productive and professional manner. From my experience, I cannot give a higher recommendation and would never hesitate to suggest this group as my first choice for legal representation. I'm not sure where I'd be without their assistance and will be forever grateful for the help they provided!
Stirling Grassick5
I was involved in a very serious motor vehicle accident that changed my life significantly. My personal injury case went to trial where I was represented by Kevin Gourlay, Joe Murphy, and Mike Murphy. The result of the trial was far better than I, or my lawyers, had expected. Throughout my rehabilitation, my dealings with ICBC, the preparation for my mediation and trial, and the trial itself, Kevin Gourlay and Joe Murphy displayed incredible knowledge, skill, professionalism, and compassion. They maintained excellent communication, always kept me in the loop, and addressed any questions or concerns that I had. I was able to arrange phone conversations at any time and I always felt that I was a top priority of theirs. I always knew that I was in great hands with Murphy Battista, and that allowed me to maintain considerable peace of mind during what would normally be a stressful and unpleasant process. I could not recommend Murphy Battista enough.
Marguerite Ferreira5
Mike Murphy and his team greatly helped me navigate through a challenging time and complicated legal system. I am very satisfied with the results and will continue to recommend this team.
Leanne Perry5
I'm forever thankful to Scott, Mike, Laurie and crew for helping me with my ICBC case. They made a long, drawn out and scary process as smooth and stable as possible. I felt prepared every step of the way. They negotiated a fair compensation and — more importantly — I was able to close a bad chapter of my life and move on after my injury. I recommend Scott Stanley to everyone looking for help.
I appreciate the responsibility that comes with being trusted by those injured to guide them through very difficult times.


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Our first free beta weekend for Minimum is complete and what a weekend it was. We had thousands of new accounts created and hundreds of people playing at any given time over the weekend. Some of you were really dedicated – we had a few people with more than 100 (!) games played over the course of the weekend. You definitely surprised us with your dedication!
We've gotten a lot of great feedback already, some of it on bugs and a lot of it on general gameplay. We're processing it all and making a lot of changes and fixes, here's a list of some of the things we're focusing on:
- Grenade launcher – crazy overpowered! We've toned this one down a lot, both in terms of its overall damage and its effective radius.
- Mini launcher – crazy underpowered! We bumped up the damage on this guy by a lot and we've got some ideas for a new secondary ability for it.
- Turrets – much too strong when you consider all the utility they bring. We're going to be making some changes to bring them down a bit.
- Grenades – overshadowed by turrets right now, but we're also going to be buffing them and making some adjustments so they're easier to use.
- Pickup Hell – too strong for the tradeoffs it currently has. We're changing its passive ability (increasing dropped items) to a percentage chance that scales with your weapon level.
- Shotguns – shotguns feel weak across the board. We have a bunch of ideas for improving them but it'll be a longer term project.
Bug fixes are also in the works for the crashes and login troubles people experienced. A lot of our login problems were due to Steam's web API being down for several hours on Friday and Saturday so we're making a lot of under the hood improvements to better handle those errors and communicate them to you guys.
Thanks so much to everyone who participated and we hope you had a great time. We're going to be doing another beta weekend soon so that we can test out all the changes we're making based on your feedback.
See you in The Canyon!


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8 Sugartree Ln UNIT B7, Essex Junction, VT 05452
Brickyard Condo in Essex Junction, Vermont
8 Sugartree Lane
Year Built: 1978
Sq Footage: 1056
Bathrooms: 1 Full and 2 half baths
Floors: 2 plus full unfinished basement
Parking: Parking for 2, one parking space one in carport
HOA/Maint: $225/month
Property Type: Condo
Property Taxes 2017: $3747
Great Condo in the middle of Essex Jct., VT. This unit is convenient to IBM, Saint Michaels , UVM ,UVM Medical Center,
Williston, and Burlington. The bus route is nearby. The school are in walking distance. The village pool and recreation are
nearby. The condo has a new natural gas rinnai heater and new electric heat on the 2nd floor.
8 Sugartree Ln, Unit B7 updates
1. New insulation in attic per VT Gas instruction
2. New closets, Installed by Closets Crafters
3. New electric heaters and controllers on 2nd floor
4. New ¾ inch hardwood Maple floors in living room floor and top of stairs
5. New tile floor at door way , hallway and kitchen
6. New master bath with new tub, tile floor and tile on the walls
7. New bathroom Vanity with quartz top
8. New bathroom fixtures
9. New 4 panel doors in the whole unit
10. New kitchen cabinets with quartz tips
11. New refrigerator, dishwasher , Microwave oven, and electric stove
12. New woodwork thru out the condo
13. New bathroom on the 1st floor
14. New gutters and tops on gutters on back and front
15. Deck railings at brought up to specs
16. New hand rails on all stairways, New railing going to 2nd floor
17. New carpets on stairs and in bed rooms
18. New lighting in all rooms and front and back outside lights
19. New Gas Rinnai heater installed
20. New Marvin windows and new Marvin sliding glass door
21. New electrical outlets thru out the unit .
22. Basement is not finished, has a ½ bathroom with a washer and dryer setup
23. Gas hot water
24. Fire detectors up to state standards
25. Upgraded fixtures in shower, bathrooms and kitchens
26. Unit has been completely painted
27. Popcorn ceiling have been removed and new ceiling have been painted


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Border Guard Bangladesh BGB Job Circular Apply Process 2019 – www.bgb.gov.bd
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) has published a Latest Border Guard Bangladesh job circular 2019 at www.bgb.gov.bd. BGB job circular notice and Requirement 2019. Border Guard Bangladesh job result, exam date, all news are available in www.ejobsresults.com. BGB is a govt. jobs circular you may know more information about Border Guard Bangladesh vacancies below the original circular. Jobless people are looking like Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) government organization job circular. Border Guard Bangladesh Border Guard Bangladesh job circular is greater opportunity for job seeker and BGB job circular it's great chance to get job for job seeker. This job is perfect to build up a significant career.
We provide you Border Guard Bangladesh job circular exam date. Apply process of Border Guard Bangladesh jobs circular. Border Guard Bangladesh circular admit card download, notice & exam question solutions. Border Guard Bangladesh found Bangladeshi newspaper & online job posting site. Therefore are many categories job vacancies at Border Guard Bangladesh. Moreover Border Guard Bangladesh job in the attractive job in Bangladesh people. Many Bangladesh want to build up a career at Border Guard Bangladesh. They should take this grate opportunities. You can make a chance of this chance. So Border Guard Bangladesh job apply before last date.
(BGB) Border Guard Bangladesh Job Circular 2019 www.bgb.gov.bd
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) career is available for Bangladeshi people. If he have a qualifier for the post can apply Border Guard Bangladesh job circular 2019. So it is a suitable time to building up your career at Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB). Border Guard Bangladesh job circular notice and result in available at ejobsresults.com. More information about Border Guard Bangladesh job circular 2019 are given bellow circular image.
Border Guard Bangladesh Job full summary:
Job Organization: Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB)
Post Name: Circular image
Educational Qualification: See the Circular
Job Type: Government jobs
Experience: Not Mandatory
Age for Jobs: 18 to 30 years
Total Job Vacancies: As curricular image
Salary: Ag pre circular
Circular Published Date: 17, October, 2019
Apply start Date: 20, October, 2019
Apply Last Date: 03, November, 2019
Application Fee: Circular image
Gender: Male
Apply Process: Online
Official website: www.bgb.gov.bd
Source: Daily Bangladesh Protidine
BD Job Location: Anywhere in Bangladesh
Job Nature: Full-time
Border Guard Bangladesh job circular For more information see below this original circular 2019
Deadline; 03, November, 2019
Border Guard Bangladesh Apply Process 2019
Male candidate if you are eligible can apply Border Guard Bangladesh job circular 2019. BGB job circular is an online process. At first visit Border Guard Bangladesh official website- BGB.govt.bd apply section. Apply form throw BGB.talitalk.com.bd post Name of BGB.
Online form fill up process:
1. Visit www.bgb.gov.bd
2. Click Application forms.
3. Select post Name of Border Guard Bangladesh.
4. Fill-up appropriate information.
5. After fill-up information click submit button
6. Upload a photo and signature.
7. Submit application
After submit successfully application forms. You will get a user name and a password. You should have payment.
Payment Method:
Online Apply completed then payment application fees for Border Guard Bangladesh job circular 2019. Application payment time limitation all most 72 hours. Payment by teletalk Prepaid sim card.
1st SMS Method: BGB<Space>HSC Board Keyword<Space>HSC Roll<Space>HSC Passing Year<Space> SSC Board Keyword<Space>SSC Roll<Space>SSC Passing Year<SPACE>Home District Code<Space>Upazilla Name send it to 16222
Example 1: BGD DHA 236098 2014 DHA 251842 2016 40 MIRPUR send to 16222.
Replay 1st SMS with post name of BGB your pin is 22545845 to pay fee. Please cullect the pin number.
2nd SMS Method: BGB<space>YES<space>PIN NO<space>Personal Contact Number (any mobile operator) send to 16222
Example 2: BGB YES 25436598 01285242354 send to 16222
A reply SMS will receive with Registration Number with confirmation. Recover BGB Registration Number:
BGB<space>Help <space>SSC BoardKeyword<space>SSC Roll <space> Passing Year<space> Home District Code<space>Upazilla Name> send it to 16222
Example: BGB HELP CHI 20154 2015 40 MIRPUR send it to 16222
Border Guard Bangladesh job Admit Card Download
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) send you a sms for download admit card. Candidate will get automatic notification of BGB job circular 2019.
Admit Card Download process:
1. Visit www.bgb.gov.bd
2. Click admit card
3. Type User id and Password
4. Download and print admit card.
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) Seat plan
Border Guard Bangladesh jobs circular apply people can download admit card and seat plan. Seat plan is so important for examine and exam center How to get seat plan. Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) Examination Place, Seat Plan and Result: Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) will published Examination Place, Seat Plan and Result send mobile SMS. If you not found anything please send below SMS:
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) Exam Result
When Border Guard Bangladesh job admit card download notice published by Border Guard Bangladesh authority. Your roll number also help you admit card and exam results. Border Guard Bangladesh exam result published our website ejobsresults.com. You can bookmark our site to get results. Border Guard Bangladesh official site notice board follow. Our website offers not only Border Guard Bangladesh jobs circular but also all government job circular and exam date, admit card download. Apply process & results are published by BGB or ejobsresults. At last steps of BGB is exam result. To get exam result please visit Border Guard Bangladesh official website. Thanks for stay with us BGB jobs circular post 2019.
1. Visit- www.bgb.gov.bd
2. Go to career section and notice Board
3. Download Exam result
Deer visitor Thanks for visiting our website. We have published govt. jobs like BGB job circular 2019. Please stay with us. We will be if you are read our next post BGB exam question solution. Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) job Admit Card Download Thank for stay with us.
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ManMan @TCA Taikothon 2018
Here is a video from Taiko Community Alliance Taikothon 2018 where ManMan talked about her creative process with the Odaiko piece "Gliding Dreams". https://livestream.com/accounts/5010670/events/8421039/videos/182247616/player?width=640&height=360&autoPlay=true&mute=false Most Odaiko training takes a predominantly loud, aggressive and forceful approach, this choreographic composition takes on a different direction that embraces the power of gentle and graceful qualities. The piece explore … More ManMan @TCA Taikothon 2018


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Transfer Rumour: Chelsea launch shock bid for Hakan Calhanoglu
What's the story?
According to reports in the Metro, Chelsea have launched a shock transfer bid for Bayer Leverkusen star, Hakan Calhanoglu. Antonio Conte is reportedly keen on bringing the 22-year-old Stamford Bridge in January as he hopes to finish top of the Premier League title race in January.
Also Read: Chelsea transfer news: Franck Kessie's agent confirms Blues' interest in Atlanta star
The Turkish international has also been linked with Manchester United, but it is understood that Chelsea have now got the upper hand by bidding for the attacking midfielder to bolster their options up front.
In case you didn't know…
Chelsea have been keeping close tabs on the Leverkusen man with reports claimed that he was scouted by Chelsea in December during Leverkusen's 1-1 draw with Cologne. Calhanoglu moved to Bayer Leverkusen for €14.5 million from HSV Hamburg in 2014 and has another two and a half years left on his contract with the German club.
Calhanoglu is renowned for his free kicks with the Turkish international repeatedly troubling goalkeepers with his set pieces from long-range. He is also a tenacious forward and can play both as an attacking midfielder or a central striker and has scored four times in 10 league appearances for Leverkusen this season.
The heart of the matter
With all the money Chelsea have received from the Oscar sale to Shanghai SIPG, Conte would like to reinforce both in the stacking and defensive front. Pedro, Willian and Eden Hazard are the only attacking midfielders in the Chelsea squad, and the inclusion of Calhanoglu would surely bring in some competition within them and Conte would be able to rest some of his forwards.
(Video Courtesy: HomeOfFootball YouTube Channel)
Calhanoglu has been in impressive form this season and has contributed five goals and six assists for the German club in all competitions. Reports also say that Manchester United are interested in bringing the 22-year-old to Old Trafford.
The midfielder had earlier admitted that it would be difficult to turn the Red Devils down, telling Lig Tv: "Barcelona and Manchester United are huge clubs it would be difficult to turn them down. But I have not said anything about any transfers or anything of the sort."
What next?
A Chelsea bid, though promising, might not be enough to bring the Turkish international to Stamford Bridge this January, with Manchester United also lurking. However, if the transfer goes through, Chelsea will be a force to reckon with as they will look to extend their lead at the top.
Also Read: Transfer Rumour: Chelsea plot €18 million offer for Fenerbahce defender Simon Kjaer
For Leverkusen, however, it might not be a good transfer as they currently sit ninth in the Bundesliga and losing one of their star players would be devastating. However, the cash should come in handy for the German club.
Sportskeeda's Take
Hakan Calhanoglu is a brilliant asset for any team, and if Chelsea do get hold of the Leverkusen man, Conte should be able to develop him as one of the best attacking midfielders in the Premier League. Chelsea have been relatively poor from set pieces this season and Calhanoglu's potential transfer should boost their dead ball stat.
However, the 22-year-old will not come cheap. With age and reputation by his side, and also two and a half years left on his contract, it would be difficult to get him this January. But again, there's always summer.Published 11 Jan 2017, 20:46 IST


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by Patti G
The Law of Attraction lies in the eye of the beholder. If both beholders believe, they are closer on their paths.
Chemistry is a key element of attraction.
Nobody knows why people are attracted to each other.
It's out there, somewhere in the universe.
If you let yourself believe this, it will be beholden unto you. Let yourself believe.
Give yourself to the universe and let the universe give to you.
Nobody ever really knows why people are attracted to each other.
Human beings are complex, but the universe, and it's energy are not.
Believing in the higher power provides great things to be received from that higher power.....chemistry and and a true human connection to others.
In order for the attraction to work, both humans must feel it.
What causes the twinge? The tingle?
Something in our psyche when we meet that special person.
Something that tells us, we gotta have it.
And something even more powerful for two people to feel it mutually.
Comments for In the eye of the beholder
Click here to add your own comments
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Share Your Favorite Abraham-Hicks or Law of Attraction Story!.
Learn How To Make A Living From It!
If you or a loved one suffers from mild depression symptoms, you may want to try some alternative ways to heal these symptoms.
You may be surprised that essential oils for pain relief can work as well or better than over-the-counter or prescription drugs.
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Human Rites
Sundays at 9 AM
Urban Yoga (Fort Worth)
Gaby helps guide Human Rites every Sunday morning at 9 AM at Urban Yoga in Fort Worth. Human Rites is a blend of traditions including sweat lodge, yoga, ecstatic dance and meditation. Everyone is welcome regardless of physical ability. This ceremony creates a space for you to embody prayers and intentions in a unique way.


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Kate Arnold
Based in Hampshire Kate has developed her preference for a scratchy and fluid nature enthused style through 8 years of living and printing locally in Hampshire.
Trained at the Wimbledon School of Art. Kate's significant experience across textiles, sculpture, fine art, and illustration has led her to work within sectors across commercial film, adverts, and studios. Her international exposure in London, Germany, Zimbabwe Australia and Holland have contributed to the versatility and depth of her style.
Now focused on drawing, illustration and print, Kate explores the use of line she applies her reputable design experience into the creation of each piece of art work.
Georgina Pearce
Winchester based artist Georgina Pearce works with gold leaf to reflect and encourage light.
Her work is inspired by the positive effects light can have on us.
'I love the warm feeling you get from an open fire or the beautiful re-direction of light from a sunset. I wanted to recreate this, something that will draw your attention and make you feel good'
She offers a wide range of colours and canvas sizes with her work.
Her paintings always convey a sense of joy and generosity of spirit.
Sue Tinkler has been working with glass since 2000.
Inspired by natural landscapes, she uses a variety of glass fusing techniques with some pieces being kiln fired up to four times. Each firing takes about 24 hours.
She works with powdered, sheet, granulated and enamel glass to achieve unique results, often on a single piece.
We have a range of her colourful jewellery for sale in our gift shop and some of her larger wall pieces and glass waves are on display at the gallery until the end of August.
Sprig Knitwear
Antonia is the designer-maker behind Sprig Knitwear.
Sprig knitted accessories are made from 100% pure lambswool, adorned in alluring patterns and connected in compelling colours.
The concept was born while looking through old family photographs of children growing up during mid-century Britain. These photos were mostly in black and white, yet were filled with delightful patterns and personality. Sprig knitwear brings these qualities to life with vivid colours and playful decorations.
Karen Harding
Karen Harding is a painter, potter and knitter based in Buckfastleigh, Devon. Her beautiful stoneware pottery and knitted toys are available to buy in our gift shop and her paintings, prints and pottery are on display in the gallery until the end of August 2017.
Michelle Buhl-Nielsen
Michelle is an artist and art tutor based in Winchester. She has a BA (Hons) in Visual Art from Winchester School of Art, as well as a degree in teaching BEd.
She made Denmark her home for 17 years, living also in Zimbabwe and South Africa during that time and travelling extensively. Michelle has exhibited in Africa, Denmark and England, and framed prints of her original paintings have been sold throughout the UK, as well as internationally.
She has extensive experience of teaching art classes, courses and workshops to both adults and children, and those with special needs and has worked on many whole school projects in Hampshire, largely-multi sensory whole school projects for SEN schools, primary, secondary and 6th form. Michelle's teaching is always enthusiastic, well structured and relaxed, providing lots of support and guidance in a friendly, constructive and sharing environment. She currently runs courses in Life Drawing and Portraiture.
John Pothecary
In 1983 he won a National Design award for postcard art which was marketed by the National Council For Civil Liberties and exhibited at Brixton.
Paul Davison
Paul is currently based in Winchester as a freelance photographer.
'I've always enjoyed visiting new places, meeting new people and I suffer from an unquenchable desire to escape normality. For as long as I can remember I've always had the urge to get out and see the world, experience new cultures and explore wild landscapes, but it wasn't until I started to travel the world that photography became one of my great passions in life.
Over the past decade I've been able to travel extensively and experience many of the amazing gifts the planet has to offer. It's these experiences that naturally led to me specialising in travel photography. Although it's often the incredible landscapes that make people want to travel, it's the culture and interaction with the indigenous people that I find the most rewarding. I love to take candid photos of people going about their everyday life. If you can take an image that captures the essence of a culture and successfully relay that to the viewer then it will have achieved everything a good travel image should.
I was awarded an Associateship with the Royal Photographic Society in 2009 for a set of images taken in India. This kick started my emerging path in life and I now regularly undertake photographic commissions for a variety of clients. This in turn has led to the sale of images to multinational corporations and images being selected for use in global seminars. In 2013 I was awarded a Distinction with the Photographic Alliance of Great Britain for a portfolio of 15 images taken over the last few years.'
Paul's photography will be on display at the gallery and available to order through the gift shop and online from October 27th until Dec 23rd 2016.
Louise Boulter
Louise Boulter is a freelance illustrator based in Frome.
Her illustration career started as a fashion illustrator for T shirt company Brat and Suzie and since then she hasn't looked back.
Louise is fascinated by people and the comical elements of mundane life. She is constantly experimenting with new styles and techniques ranging from family portraits, giphs to online blog called WHAT I SAW recording daily sightings. She finds this is a way to remain fluid and keep new interesting opportunities coming her way.
She has a regular slot for online magazine Standard Issue which has lead her to clients such as Latitude and Sarah Millican's tour poster and merchandise.
Recently Louise had the pleasure of illustrating the book cover for King Edward the 1st as part of Penguins Monarch series released in October.
Louise created her first family portrait when she was commissioned by a friend who had a little girl and wanted to record this special time. Since then word has spread and she has created portraits for many families and friends as a way to celebrate the idiosyncrasies of their lives.
Louise's Illustrations and portraits will be on display at the gallery and available to order through the gift shop and online from October 27th until Dec 23rd 2016.
Ellie Fisher
ELKA is a woven textile studio based in Winchester, where textile designer, Ellie Fisher, produces bespoke hand woven textiles for fashion and furnishing. Whilst she designs and makes wall hangings, soft furnishings, fashion accessories and baby blankets, much work is commission based, requests are welcomed, and all projects are considered.
Her work will be on display at the gallery and available to buy in the gift shop and online between 27th Oct 2016 until December 23rd 2016.


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If you got this far, that means you need help with your project. Since I am always happy to help, you should contact me if you want me on your team. But before you do, check the list of services I could offer you.
When you hire me, you got a frontend developer that is most comfortable working with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You would benefit from experience gained by working for years on high-profile projects. See my portfolio to see some of the projects that I have been part of. You could download my CV here.
If you are still interested in collaborating with me, contact me.
And here is what some nice people that were my clients said about working with me.
"Silvestar is amazing. He is fast, and the work he produces is among the highest quality work I've seen from front-end engineers.
In our time working together he's been extremely reliable, with quick daily calls to give progress updates, but also having flexibility to work independently and provide updates on his progress on days when we skip those calls.
When working with Silvestar, I know that the work will be done quickly and correctly, but that he'll also point out any areas where he thinks we can improve. He's always looking out for opportunities to improve performance, maintainability, and accessibility. I get the impression that he's constantly learning and reflecting on his work, always looking for ways that he can build his skillset even more and produce even higher quality work (if that's possible!)."
— John Ganotis, Entrepreneur
Projects: Credit Card Insider
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In all cases, Silvestar's been a breeze to work with. Communication is easy, and he's happy to be part of a larger team, attend regular standups, stay in close communication electronically, etc. (a key factor when working across countries/time zones).
His approach to front end development is modern, but he still knows how to debug for Internet Explorer and handle browser-specific issues. He's a thorough tester and has a great eye for detail.
Additionally, he's very fast. We were always impressed with the speed at which he could put things together at a very high level of quality.
I'd happily work with Silvestar again, and we'll definitely reach out to him in the future when we need help with additional projects."
— Evan Lavidor, Partner & Executive Director at BEAM Interactive
Projects: Bozzuto, Calvert
"I collaborated closely with Silvestar on a project.
Throughout the span of the project, Silvestar was able to consistently meet if not exceed expectations. He has the impressive ability to not only readily undertake direct requests, but also intuitively distill ambiguous asks in order to execute solves in a self-sufficient manner.
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If you aim for not only high standard in the result but also elegance in the process, then I would highly recommend considering Silvestar for your project."
— Han Han Xue, Product Designer at Lyft
Project: Han Han Xue
"It was a pleasure to work with Silvestar. He was available on a short notice, he closely collaborated with the PM on the project and delivered it on time with good quality. I would work with him again, and actually we are considering to kick off our next project with him."
— Adam Maschek, CTO at Westwing Home & Living
Project: Westwing
"While working a senior Product Manager at Westwing Home & Living, I had the pleasure to hire Silvestar to build our static corporate website. The project went very smoothly and was delivered on time. Communication with Silvestar was straightforward, clear and reliable. He was also very resourceful and what he didn't know he figured out on his own. I would definitely recommend him for static web solutions and other web front-end projects."
— Karim Mansi, eCommerce Product Manager at Westwing Home & Living
Project: Westwing
"Silvestar collaborated with me on a project and the WordPress template that he developed was successful and timely completed. He was professional and had a very good attitude during all the implementation time. I would work with him again should the occasion arise."
— Pablo Pareja Tobes, Project Manager at Vizzuality
Project: Trase Yearbook 2018


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without incident
Gov. Scott's speech: Protests amid a call for unity
MIDDLEBURY | Vermont Gov. Phil Scott's fourth "State of the State" address to lawmakers was faced with hecklers from inside the State House last Thursday. Read more
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