text:
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Tort reform and risk management-related legislation met a decidedly mixed reception in statehouses this year.
The pace of comprehensive tort reform has slowed, in part because so many states have already enacted wide-ranging measures. More targeted reforms have come into play, as lawmakers attempt to deal with such matters as circumscribing employers' liability when asked for job references or protecting physicians who volunteer their services at clinics for the poor.
"The trend in the last couple of years has been to deal with employer reference liability. That's continuing right now," said Sherman Joyce, president of the American Tort Reform Assn. in Washington.
Mr. Joyce pointed out, however, that at least three states-Alaska, Iowa and Montana-enacted major reforms during the most recent legislative sessions.
"I think it turned out to be a pretty good tort reform year," said Anne Allen, legislative counsel for the Risk & Insurance Management Society Inc. in New York. She added that legislative action on environmental and other risk management-related issues has been a "mixed bag."
Also, both Mr. Joyce and Ms. Allen pointed to continuing attempts to roll back tort reforms as cause for concern. Ms. Allen noted unsuccessful attempts to do so in Tennessee as "a warning to us not to let down our guard."
"We are clearly seeing that when broad-based civil justice reform is enacted, there's an immediate challenge in the courts," said Mr. Joyce. Such a challenge already has been launched in Illinois, with similar action expected in Ohio and elsewhere, he said.
"Most of our focus is on the Illinois Supreme Court, which will rule on the constitutionality of the major reforms passed in 1995," said Ed Murnane, president of the Illinois Civil Justice League in Chicago.
There have been a few minor and not very serious efforts to repeal the tort reform measures or expand them, though none has gotten very far, he said.
In Ohio, the focus is now on state trial courts where several lawsuits are challenging provisions of that state's new tort law, said Roger Geiger, the Columbus, Ohio-based director of the Ohio Chapter of the National Federation of Independent Business and president of the Ohio Alliance for Civil Justice.
"There will not be too many broad challenges to the tort reform law, but rather a whole bunch of individual challenges to specific provisions," he speculated. That approach will be "much more difficult for us to defend," he said.
"I suspect that there is no appetite for wholesale rewriting of tort reform," though lawyer-legislators have said they may temper what they have done, he added.
"We first and foremost are an advocate of legislative reform," said ATRA's Mr. Joyce, who called the state constitutional challenges "a very troubling development."
Elsewhere, on the risk management front, Ms. Allen said that an ongoing legislative attempt in North Carolina to set new reporting requirements in certain insurance fronting arrangements is of particular concern to RIMS. The measure passed the Senate but is currently stalled in a House committee.
She pointed out that several other states are "looking at deregulation," while the North Carolina proposal would increase regulation.
Following is a roundup of tort reform, insurance and risk management legislative activity around the states, based on reports by Business Insurance staff and coordinated by Washington Editor Mark A. Hofmann:
Maine became the newest U.S. captive domicile this month under a bill signed by Gov. Angus King. The new law also allows captives to write insurance "for controlled unaffiliated business," which is defined as business that has a contractual relationship with the parent of an affiliated company and follows certain risk management guidelines (BI, June 23). Maine's minimum capitalization requirements are $250,000 for single-parent captives, $500,000 for industrial insured captives and $750,000 for association captives.
The Maine Legislature did not pass any tort reform bills this year. But a measure that addresses insurance fraud includes a provision awarding attorney's fees and costs to the prevailing party in certain civil actions.
A major tort reform measure is currently being considered by the Joint Judiciary Committee of the Massachusetts Legislature. Provisions in the bill include: changing the joint and several liability system to a proportional system; tying judgment interest rates to U.S. Treasury bond rates instead of the current flat 12% rate; a requirement that in suits against professionals another professional in the field certifies that the case has merit; a 15-year statute of repose for product liability actions that incorporate a "state of the art" defense; standards for expert witnesses in medical malpractice actions; and a reduction of the statute of limitations in slip and fall cases to one year from three years.
There was no significant tort reform legislation in Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island or Vermont.
A tort reform bill moving through the New York Legislature would permit non-economic damages for survivors in a wrongful death suit. Currently, only damages for financial losses may be awarded. The measure has passed the Assembly and is awaiting action by the Senate Rules Committee.
Another Senate bill would allow policyholders to sue insurance companies directly for unfair claims settlement practices. This measure passed the Assembly and is pending in the Senate Rules Committee.
Another bill being considered by the Senate Rules Committee and the Assembly Insurance Committee would permit the establishment of captive insurance companies in the state.
Governor George Pataki has not taken a position on any of these bills. Any bills not acted on when the session ends in early July will be held until the Legislature reconvenes in January.
Medical malpractice legislation was enacted in Pennsylvania late last year. The law limits punitive damage awards to two times the compensatory award, requires an expert to certify the defendant deviated from the appropriate standard of care, institutes pretrial conferences for discovery and allows defendants to certify they were not involved in the care of the defendant, which allows them to be dismissed from the case.
The law also makes changes in the state's catastrophic loss fund. The rate physicians pay into the fund is now based on the scheduled rate set by the insurance commissioner, and not the discounted rate commonly paid by providers for their primary layer of coverage. Also, the attachment point for the fund was raised and a committee was created to investigate the total elimination of the fund.
Another bill awaiting the governor's signature would allow banks to sell insurance.
There were no significant tort reform measures enacted in Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey or West Virginia.
Tort reform efforts fell short in Florida but discussions regarding a package of reforms will continue this summer. Former House Speaker James Harold Thompson will act as a mediator in talks between a coalition of Florida business and insurance interests and the Florida Academy of Trial Lawyers as the two sides negotiate over reforms to be introduced in 1998.
Florida businesses and insurers pushed for legislation drafted by the House Financial Services Committee. The bill, which failed to gain final approval before the session ended May 2, contains a number of reforms, including barring lawsuits in product liability cases involving products more than 12 years old; eliminating vicarious liability of a company or person because of the intentional tort of another. The legislation also would eliminate vicarious liability against the owner of a product if a user injured by the product has insurance coverage that will indemnify; and clarify that punitive damages are only to be awarded for intentional misconduct or conduct for which it is highly probable an injury was caused. The bill called for allocating 75% of punitive awards to the state's Public Medical Assistance Trust Fund and the remainder to the plaintiff.
Insurers in Florida are required to follow standards under the National Assn. of Insurance Commissioners model acts on risk-based capital and material transactions as a result of the passage of a measure this year, which was allowed to become law without the signature of Gov. Lawton Chiles. The legislation is effective July 1.
Insurers will be subject to financial examinations by insurance regulators whenever it is deemed necessary under the new law. Previously, insurers were examined at least once every five years.
Several tort reform measures were approved last week but not signed in Louisiana, where the legislative session ended on June 23.
One bill provides that lawsuits filed but not pursued for three years would be considered abandoned, a reduction from the five-year period in current law.
Another sets out a clearer definition of what would constitute a certifiable class action lawsuit and set procedural requirements for class actions. Another measure would require that service of lawsuits be requested within 90 days of the filing of the suits. Current law provides no time limit.
Attention in North Carolina centered on an attempt by the Insurance Department to persuade the General Assembly to approve legislation that would subject certain fronting arrangements to new reporting requirements. The measure, which was opposed by RIMS and other business groups, won Senate approval but is currently stalled in the House. Little tort reform legislation has been considered during the current session other than competing House and Senate measures that would provide employers with some relief from liability when making employee references. The session is expected to conclude early next month.
There was no significant tort reform enacted in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina or Virginia. Kentucky is not in session.
In Illinois, a bill that would expand the scope of the tort immunity act for local governments and their employees is still pending in a Senate subcommittee. Another measure that would provide damage recovery for an individual injured by a youth under 18 years of age is now pending in the House Rules Committee. The Illinois Legislative session will resume in the fall after a summer hiatus, and run until December.
In Indiana, an environmental insurance bill that would have enabled insurers to clarify policy language defining pollution risks was vetoed. That bill was a response to a May 1996 state Supreme Court ruling that held the state's standard insurance pollution exclusion was ambiguous and shifted liability to insurers (BI, March 10). Gov. Frank O'Bannon's surprise veto of the House bill last month enraged insurers, which had anticipated his support. They now say the veto will have a chilling, destabilizing effect on the writing of liability policies in the state.
No significant tort reforms were enacted in Michigan in the current session to date, which runs through the fall. A proposed bill would set July 13, 1995, as the starting point for the statute of limitations for product liability suits involving blood products and HIV/AIDS.
In Minnesota, a bill enacted on April 11 created civil immunity for alternative dispute resolution personnel.
The attention of Ohio employers is focused on preserving the major tort reform gains made in legislation signed last October, which went into effect on Jan. 27.
The law significantly limits non-economic and punitive damages (BI, Oct. 7, 1996). For example, it abolished joint and several liability for non-economic damages. However, joint and several liability for economic damages would be maintained for defendants more than 50% responsible for a plaintiff's harm. Defendants less than 50% responsible for a plaintiff's harm would be severally liable for economic damages and only pay damages in proportion to their share of liability.
The law also capped non-economic damages in severe injury cases, limited punitive damages assessed to large employers and limited the statute of repose to 15 years for most product liability claims and six years for most medical malpractice claims.
Thus far, no other major tort reform bills have been introduced into the Legislature.
Wisconsin legislators are considering a measure that would repeal a $350,000 cap on non-economic damages in medical malpractice cases established under a 1995 law. The bill is currently in the Senate Judiciary Committee, which has already conducted a public hearing on the measure. This year's session of the Wisconsin Legislature began Jan. 6 and continues through the end of the year.
Iowa Gov. Terry Brandstad signed a multipronged tort reform bill on May 29. The law establishes a 15-year statute of repose for product liability lawsuits-except in the case of certain silicon gel implants, asbestos, dioxins, tobacco, polychloride biphenyls and substances posing an unreasonable risk of injury; sets the interest rates on judgments equal to U.S. Treasury bills; limits future damages to present value. The law also establishes limits on how much a plaintiff can collect for loss of consortium and eliminates the traditional rule of joint and several liability for non-economic damages. The existing joint and several liability rule is preserved for actual damages when defendants' fault is between 50% and 100%
One provision of the legislation limits the ability of a minor who was under the age of 8 when an alleged act of medical malpractice was committed to bring legal action later than the child's 10th birthday.
Now, minors can bring personal injury suits until age 19. As a result, the new law treats minors over age 8 the same as adults: they have two years from the discovery of an injury, or up to six years from occurrence of an injury, to file suit.
Under the law, defense counsel would have greater access to relevant medical records in all malpractice cases, with some safeguards for patient rights.
North Dakota legislators approved several tort reform measures in the biennial session concluded April 29. Gov. Edward Shafer subsequently signed them into law.
One law requires a medical malpractice case to be dismissed without prejudice when the plaintiff fails within three months to obtain an admissible expert opinion to support the allegation of malpractice.
Another raises the state's maximum liability for claims against it to $1 million per occurrence from $750,000 per occurrence. The law also requires that the state will indemnify and hold harmless state employees acting within the scope of employment for any claims or judgments as long as the employees provide complete disclosure and cooperation in the defense of the claim.
Two new South Dakota laws that become effective July 1 are designed to discourage frivolous actions by plaintiffs and defendants in civil lawsuits.
The first creates a cause of action for frivolous or malicious claims or defenses in civil cases. The other requires courts to order the party whose actions were found frivolous to pay at least some court costs and reasonable attorneys fees.
Gov. William J. Janklow signed both measures March 11.
Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska did not pass any tort reform measures during the 1997 legislative session.
Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee signed one tort reform measure during the 1997 legislative session, which ended April 17. One bill extends volunteer immunity for any civil damages to physicians and health care professionals who are licensed by the state and render medical services free of charge to people unable to pay, or provide medical services for a nominal fee. The immunity does not apply if the act or omission was the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct.
But another reform bill, which would have limited punitive damages to the greater of three times the amount of compensatory damages awarded in an action, or $250,000, died during Arkansas' legislative session.
Arizona Gov. Fife Symington signed into law three bills that will reduce the financial burden of parties that are at least partially liable for creating hazardous waste sites. All become effective July 21.
One eliminates joint liability for the cost of cleaning up hazardous waste sites.
Another eliminates joint liability for related third-party bodily injury and property damages. The law applies to pending as well as future claims because it clarifies the Legislature's intent under a 1987 tort reform law.
That law eliminated joint and several liability in tort cases except those involving hazardous substance or waste sites. The Legislature's intent, though, was to preserve joint and several liability only under a 1986 statute that created a fund to clean up contaminated surface and ground water.
Under both laws, responsible parties now can be held liable only for their degree of fault. A state fund financed by several taxes will pay for the cleanup costs and third-party damages attributable to parties that are out of business or are financially unable to pay.
An environmental law in Arizona creates a pilot project designed to encourage the first 100 eligible owners of underutilized property with soil contamination to clean up their sites and make them economically attractive for development. Once a site has been remediated, the state will release the property owner from liability for any further action to remediate the known contamination at the site.
The state also anticipates the project could be the first step in developing a program that would release participating property owners from federal Superfund actions. Property owners who currently are embroiled in civil or criminal litigation with state or federal environmental regulators are ineligible. In addition, owners of property with groundwater contamination and owners with leaky underground storage tanks who have sought coverage from a special state UST cleanup fund are ineligible.
Another new Arizona law that provides insurers some regulatory relief could help standard lines insurers prevent some unusual risks from moving to the surplus lines market. Under the measure that becomes effective July 21, insurers no longer will have to go through the costly and time-consuming process of filing with the state Insurance Department so-called "A rates" for unusual risks that do not fall within a normal rating category.
On June 13, Oklahoma Gov. Frank Keating signed a bill that gives the insurance commissioner authority to determine which of about two dozen rating criteria are applicable to each line of coverage. The law, which becomes effective Nov. 1, also allows the commissioner to promulgate regulations that would allow insurers not to refile rates every four years if, for example, the rates are unchanged.
The Legislature killed several bills that it determined would reform tort laws. In 1995, it agreed to a three-year moratorium on tort reforms from 1996 through 1998.
Venue shopping will be restricted under a new law that makes it more difficult for residents of other states to file some types of lawsuits in Texas.
The legislation, signed by Gov. George W. Bush, allows courts to dismiss asbestos-related personal injury or wrongful death suits filed after Jan. 1, 1997, if defendants show that the action "would be more properly heard in a forum" outside Texas.
Asbestos suits filed between Aug. 1, 1995 and Jan. 1, 1997 can be heard if plaintiffs agree to certain stipulations, including limits on damage awards.
The act also applies to suits filed against railroad companies under the Federal Employers Liability Act and in cases alleging injuries caused during air transportation to or from Texas.
New Mexico enacted no significant tort reform legislation.
The Colorado Assn. of Commerce and Industry was successful in defeating a trial lawyer-supported bill, which would have allowed plaintiffs to recover from "deep pocket" defendants, regardless of their proportionate share of liability. Existing Colorado law places limits on such joint and several liability.
Despite heavy opposition from business interests, however, lawmakers did pass another Colorado Trial Lawyer Assn.-backed bill
that provides for increasing damage awards to reflect the effects of inflation. The measure, which is awaiting Gov. Roy Romer's signature, applies to compensatory damage awards in cases involving social-host liquor liability, dram shop liability and wrongful death. It also applies to non-economic damage awards in personal injury and wrongful death cases.
The Montana Legislature approved several tort reform and risk management-related measures during the session that ended April 23. Gov. Marc Racicot signed all of the bills into law.
One requires a unanimous jury verdict before punitive damages can be awarded. Another law states that in determining liability in a lawsuit, the fault of parties that have settled their portion of the lawsuit or those that have been released from the suit can be considered. A companion bill will become effective only if the first one is ever found unconstitutional by the state Supreme Court. The companion bill repeals joint liability but retains the new modified comparative fault liability system signed into law.
Still other reforms include allowing jury costs to be assessed against parties filing frivolous lawsuits; and allowing companies to do environmental audits of their own operations to achieve some level of immunity from administrative fines. The immunity does not apply if the company knowingly violates the law or if its action would be a criminal rather than a civil offense.
Another measure that passed establishes criteria for drug and alcohol testing of employees and prospective employees and provides for the confidentiality of test results except in certain circumstances.
A bill signed into law in Nevada requires the deposition of certain persons before holding the settlement conference required in medical and dental malpractice claims. The law becomes effective July 1.
In Utah, the Malpractice Against Health Care Providers Amendments law establishes a 180-day time limit within which the required health care provider pre-litigation panels must be conducted. The law, which went into effect in May, also provides that these panels need not be held if both parties agree to dispense with them.
No tort reforms were passed by the Idaho or Wyoming legislatures.
Alaska legislators met Jan. 13 through May 11. A comprehensive tort reform bill was passed that caps punitive damages at the greater of three times compensatory damages or $500,000. However, in cases involving commercial activities, the punitive award would be capped at the greater of $7 million, four times the amount of financial gain that resulted from the defendant's misconduct, or four times compensatory damages.
Punitive damages are to be established at a separate proceeding, and 50% of any punitive award goes to the state's general fund.
In cases of unlawful employment practices, punitive damage awards against employers are to be determined by a scale based on the number of employees working for the employer within the state.
Non-economic damages are limited to the greater of $400,000 or the injured person's life expectancy in years multiplied by $8,000. However, for specified injuries the limit rises to the greater of $1 million or life expectancy multiplied by $25,000.
The bill also establishes a 10-year statute of repose, expert witness qualifications, and disallows damages if the plaintiff was involved in the commission of a felony when the injury occurred. The law was sponsored by an employer group, Alaskans for Liability Reform. It takes effect Aug. 7.
Other legislation establishes two incentives for business to conduct voluntary self-audits of their compliance with environmental laws and regulations. The legislation provides immunity from civil penalties for violations if the noncompliance is discovered through a self-audit and reported promptly to the appropriate regulatory agency. The law also makes certain voluntary compliance reports privileged and not admissible as evidence or subject to discovery. The legislation was first vetoed by Gov. Tony Knowles, but he was overridden. The law takes effect Aug. 9.
Other legislation could provide protection for employers with established drug and alcohol testing programs. For example, an employer could not be sued for failing to test for a specific drug. Employees could not sue for damages resulting from test results unless the employer acts on results the employer knows are false positive. Gov. Knowles has until July 2 to return the bill to the Legislature.
In California, a bill that would have permitted third-party bad faith lawsuits against insurers was placed in the inactive file when supporters realized they didn't have enough votes to move it out of the Assembly.
The bill, which had the support of both the California Assn. of Consumer Attorneys and the California Applicants Attorneys Assn., also would have permitted injured workers to file bad faith suits against their employers' workers compensation insurers.
Named the Royal Globe bill after a controversial 1979 court decision, the bill could be resurrected next year (BI, March 17).
Meanwhile, case law set by the 1988 California Supreme Court decision in Moradi-Shalal vs. Fireman's Fund Insurance Cos. continues to bar such suits in the Golden State.
A bill that would lift the $250,000 cap on medical malpractice pain and suffering awards also was placed in this year's inactive file.
An effort by the California Assn. for Tort Reform to place limits on punitive damages also failed to reach a vote. A measure that would have given judges the authority to set punitive damage awards never passed out of committee.
Hawaii legislators passed four bills backed by the Hawaii Captive Insurance Council. Two became effective in April. One allows reciprocal insurance groups to set up association or risk retention groups. The HCIC hopes this law will attract non-profit organizations that now go to the Cayman Islands. The other new law liberalizes a captive's ability to write credit life disability policies.
The two other bills are awaiting action by the governor, who had until July 1 to act on them. One would broaden the insurance commissioner's latitude in adopting rules for the financial oversight and regulation of captive insurers. Another would create a full-time insurance administrator within the Insurance Division who would be responsible for monitoring and regulating the captive insurance industry. The legislation also would provide funds for support staff.
Gov. Ben Cayetano also signed a bill that changes the state's modified no-fault automobile insurance system. This new law makes an automobile accident victim's health care plan-rather than an automobile insurance plan-responsible for covering accident medical expenses above $10,000.
Oregon lawmakers were trying to wrap up their legislative session at press time. Legislation to make insurance fraud a crime of theft passed the Senate and moved on to the House. But as of June 23 it had not passed the House. The bill also would provide immunities for people reporting fraud and require insurers to provide information about fraud to government agencies.
In Washington, the Washington Liability Reform Coalition, representing a broad group of employers and associations, is backing a legislative package that attempts to restore the state's 1986 Tort Reform Act. Portions of the act have been eroded by court decisions, such as a health care statute of limitations that supporters believed applied to minors as well as to adults. But the state's Supreme Court eventually diminished the statute for minors.
The legislation also calls for early dispute resolution, and proposes that contingency fees not be charged against any amount offered in settlement by the defendant prior to the personal injury plaintiff obtaining an attorney.
Defendants in personal injury cases could make early settlement offers, and if made within 60 days of receipt of a demand for compensation, and accepted, then plaintiffs attorneys' fees would be limited to hourly rate charges or capped at 10%. If early offers are rejected, contingency fees could only be charged against net recoveries in excess of those offers.
For professional negligence or product liability cases, plaintiffs would have to obtain a certificate of merit within 90 days of filing a lawsuit. The certificate would establish that a qualified expert has determined the merits of the claim and that the reported negligence caused the plaintiff's injuries.
Current law imposes joint and several liability, but the legislation would allow defendants to be held liable only for their proportionate share of fault. The legislation was not adopted this year, but it will be automatically reintroduced next year.
Also in Washington, the governor vetoed portions of a bill sponsored by insurers attempting to strip Insurance Commissioner Deborah Senn of certain rule-making authority, such as her ability to adopt unfair practices rules.
However, insurers were successful in their bid for a use-and-file law, allowing them to begin using new rates or forms for commercial accounts before submitting them to the commissioner for review. The commissioner still will retain the ability to disapprove rates found to be excessive or inadequate. The law takes effect July 27.
Another measure signed by the governor requires all licensed insurers-except health, life, title, medical malpractice and credit-to institute and maintain an antifraud plan. The law takes effect July 27.


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With fresh media reports that Russians hacked into and potentially compromised election systems in Florida and six other states in 2016, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Gwen Graham called Wednesday for Gov. Rick Scott to take immediate action to protect Florida's election infrastructure.
"Dangerous Russian interference in the 2016 election is not only confirmed, but it happened right here in Florida. President [Donald] Trump has deliberately and outrageously refused to address these cyber threats and protect our American democracy, so our state must act — Governor Scott must act," Graham said in a news release from her campaign.
"This is not a partisan issue. Faith in our government depends on confidence that our elections are not influenced by any foreign power."
In addition to citing the NBC reports from Tuesday, Graham referred to testimony in the past month by U.S. Cyber Command Chief Admiral Mike Rogers and FBI Director Christopher Wray, stating that President Trump has not directed them to defend our country from future Russian cyber attacks on our voting systems.
The Florida Department of State said late Wednesday it was notified by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security that Florida was unsuccessfully targeted by hackers last year. This attempt was not in any way successful and Florida's online elections databases and voting systems remained secure, the department noted.
Graham contended it must be addressed.
"Governor Rick Scott cannot sit idly by and continue passing the buck to Trump. We can not rely on this president to protect America and our next election from foreign interference," Graham said. "Scott must immediately direct the Florida Department of State to protect our vote in 2018 to prevent the Russians from tampering with our state elections."
Scott's office and the Florida Department of State responded late Wednesday saying they already were addressing the concerns, dating from an earlier report from September about possible Russian interference.
Additionally, Scott's recomended 2018-2019 budget includes nearly $2.5 million and five positions to enhance cyber security at the Department of State's Division of Elections, the governor's office noted.
Graham, a former member of Congress from Tallahassee, faces former Miami Beach Mayor Philip Levine, Tallahassee Mayor Andrew Gillum and Winter Park businessman Chris King in the Aug. 28 Democratic primary for Governor. The leading Republicans are U.S. Rep. Ron DeSantis and Florida Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam.


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The Life and Death of Sera
Sera was one of the Anchorites, the rare and wingless male Angels of Heven who were kept inside a temple by the Hierophants to pray for the dead Angels who had no soul.[2]
Sera's curiosity led her to start practicing magic in secret from the Hierophants as it wasn't allowed. At some point, Sera followed a Hierophant to the Temple's Furnace.[3] Upon looking into it, Sera saw past, present and many possible futures, and also discovered that the furnace was a powerful engine that the Hierophants planned to use to overthrow the Queen of Angels and take over the other Nine Realms.[4] Sera was caught by the Hierophant she had followed, and as she was about to be punished for the transgression, Sera used a spell out of fear and threw the Hierophant into the furnace, killing her.[3]
When a ferocious monster attacked the Temple of the Anchorites, Sera was ready to protect them. The Leader of the Hunt, Angela, appeared to kill the creature and only accomplished to do so thanks to Sera. As payment for Sera's aid, Angela got her out of the temple she lived as she wanted,[2] and took her to live with her in her manor.[1]
While hunting a fugitive in the Scintilant Sylvanias, Sera and Angela were confronted by a Hierophant who wanted to take Sera back to the Temple of the Anchorites. The Hierophant offered to reveal to Angela what had become of her mother in exchange for Sera, but Angela refused the offer and attacked the deity instead. Defeated, the Hierophant vanished, vowing to take revenge on Angela for defying the Temple. Confused, Sera asked why Angela didn't take the deal, which Angela replied by swearing she would never let her set foot in a Hell like that again. Afterwards, Sera was kissed by Angela.[1]
After many adventures through the Endworlds, Sera died at the hands of one of their enemies. Angela tried anything and everything to bring Sera back to life, but all was in vain.[2]
Buried in Hel
After her death, Sera was sent to Hel in consequence of a curse Freyja had cast upon the Angels of Heven for having stolen her daughter from her in the past.[5]
For being insolent towards Hela, the Queen of Hel, Sera was sent to a prison cell in the North Wing, where she would be left alone in the dark, just like it was when she was an Anchorite, and it was her worst fear. However, Sera found an ally in the form of Leah, a servant of Hela who taught her everything there was to know about Hel.[6]
Accursed Bond
Sera was eventually found by Malekith the Accursed, who had discovered about the Angels' fate while researching the Tenth Realm with the Norns, who had helped Freyja with her curse, and went to Hel to see it with his own eyes.[5] Sera made a deal with the Dark Elf that he would take her ring and become her vessel in exchange for information about Angela. As he thought he could use it to hurt Angela's father, he accepted,[6] and Sera told him everything about her life, from the very beginning to its fatal end.[5] Bonded by her ring to Malekith, who disguised himself as her, Sera went on a quest with Angela to purify the newborn heir of Asgard, Laussa Odinsdottir, who was possessed by Surtur's power.[7]
After Angela succeeded in purifying her sister from Surtur's influence, Sera and Angela were taken prisoners by the Asgardians, but were released by Odin soon afterwards. As they prepared to leave Asgardia, Malekith was threatened by Angela, who realized he wasn't Sera after all and pointed her iron sword to his neck, forcing him to reveal himself to her. After Malekith told Angela about Sera's fate, she decided to go to Hel to rescue her.[5]
Angela, Queen of Hel
When Angela finally went to Hel to rescue her, Sera attacked her for abandoning her there and also for not coming for her before.[1] Angela apologized for it and said she would do anything to take Sera out of Hel, but Sera told her soul already belonged to the Realm of the Dead, making it impossible for her to be alive again, no matter where she went to. The only way to change that would be by changing the rules and to change them, Angela would have to defeat Hela and take her place as Queen of Hel. However, Angela had to pass through three trials to acquire the power to beat Hela in her own domain.
Sera and Leah then helped Angela pass through the three trials of Hel, which were: overcome fear and defeat Draugr the Fear Avatar;[6] go against oneself nature, which Angela accomplished by sparing the life of the Angel Meresyn;[3] and experience the greatest pain, which for Angela was a life where she never met Sera.[8] Sera assisted Angela against Hela and her army, prompting Angela to defeat Hela and become the new Queen of Hel, with Sera as her Royal Consort. After being brought back to life by her lover, Sera convinced Angela, who had abdicated her role as queen, to live in New York City with her, Leah and Thori.[9]
The Faustian Queen
When strange murders started to happen in New York, the new Thor confronted Angela suspecting she had something to do with it. After stopping their fight, Sera explained that the strange incidents were connected to "The Faustian Queen", an enchanted play created by an alternate version of herself to immortalize Witch Hunter Angela, who slew the Enchantress and was cursed with her power, becoming the Faustian Queen. Both the play and the Faustian Queen had ended up in their universe after the death and rebirth of the Multiverse, and after many years trapped in the Realm of Faerie, the Faustian Queen went mad and started to punish the wicked. With no other option, Sera, Angela, Thor, Leah and Thori confronted the Faustian Queen.[10]
With the group overpowered, Leah saw herself forced to make a deal with Faustia to save the lives of her friends. In return for seven years, Leah would free Faustia from her curse and reunite her with Lady Serah. Faustia accepted and thus gave them seven years to live. Back to the present, Faustia confronted Leah to make her fulfill her part of the bargain. Keeping her word, Leah took Faustia to Elysium, turned her into the queen of the dead Angels of Heven, and reunited her with her beloved Lady Serah. After the incident, Leah decided she had to find herself and departed with Thori. Three days later, while on a tour through New York City, Angela proposed a deal to Sera: to love each other as long as they had each other to love; which Sera happily accepted.[4]
After Angela was kidnapped by the Badoon, Sera disappeared without leaving a trace and her apartment was rented by a man who Angela confronted upon returning to Earth. As the man didn't know anything about Sera or her whereabouts, Angela left a message explaining what had happened to her if she ever came back.[11]
Links and References
- 15 Appearances of Sera (Earth-616)
- 2 Minor Appearances of Sera (Earth-616)
- Media Sera (Earth-616) was Mentioned in
- 33 Images featuring Sera (Earth-616)
- 4 Quotations by or about Sera (Earth-616)
- Character Gallery: Sera (Earth-616)
Discover and Discuss
- Search this site for: Sera (Earth-616)
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Angela: Queen of Hel #1
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Angela: Asgard's Assassin #3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Angela: Queen of Hel #3
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Angela: Queen of Hel #7
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Angela: Asgard's Assassin #6
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Angela: Queen of Hel #2
- ↑ Angela: Asgard's Assassin #1-#6
- ↑ Angela: Queen of Hel #4
- ↑ Angela: Queen of Hel #5
- ↑ Angela: Queen of Hel #6
- ↑ Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3 #18
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In a dynamic and dramatic scene before one of the largest crowds to ever gather at City Hall, the San Jose City Council on Tuesday designated a busy hub of Vietnamese-owned businesses "Saigon Business District," enraging several hundred people who stormed City Hall demanding the name "Little Saigon."
Throughout the night the boisterous crowd of mostly "Little Saigon" supporters shouted and booed, forcing Mayor Chuck Reed to repeatedly tell the crowd to "calm down, calm, down," and council members to defend colleague Madison Nguyen, who proposed the name "Saigon Business District."
Nearly four hours into the almost six-hour meeting, Reed called an abrupt recess because the crowd would not stop shouting.
The people spilled outside of the council chambers into hallways and aisles. Hundreds more gathered in the city rotunda, where they listened to the meeting blared over large speakers.
Many of the estimated 800 people in the audience carried banners and signs, and their frequent hissing and booing prompted throngs of security guards to swarm through the audience in an attempt to keep the peace.
The vote was 8 to 3. Councilmen Pete Constant, Kansen Chu and Pierluigi Oliverio opposed, citing the disharmony over the issue.
After the vote, some in the audience booed, but by then appeared resigned to defeat.
" 'Saigon Business District' encapsulates everything that is positive about Vietnamese-Americans in San Jose," Nguyen said. " 'Saigon Business District' allows us to remember the past while at the same time allows us to move forward for the future."
Nguyen, the first Vietnamese woman elected to office in California, proposed the name "Saigon Business District" as a compromise, she said, for dueling factions in the Vietnamese community who wanted either Little Saigon or New Saigon.
The San Jose Redevelopment Agency has earmarked $100,000 for banners designating the business district.
Nguyen's proposal infuriated many of her constituents.
"We will not forget those who break our hearts and we will remember those who honor the Vietnamese-American community," said Van Le, a "Little Saigon" supporter.
A large and well-organized group of Vietnamese-Americans demanded "Little Saigon," saying it was an homage to their homeland before the communist government's takeover in 1975.
The name is also commonly used to identify Vietnamese-owned enclaves around the country, with the Little Saigon in Orange County being the most famous.
Santa Clara County Supervisor Pete McHugh also backed the name.
"I urge you to designate the retail area on Story Road as 'Little Saigon,' " boomed McHugh, prompting a thunderous ovation from the audience. "The proposed alternative and the other options do not have any special meaning to this community."
The proposal, which might seem innocuous to non-Vietnamese-Americans, set off a firestorm of controversy within the Vietnamese community here and around the country. Nguyen, who fled Vietnam in 1979 with her family, has been bombarded with criticism for her unwillingness to support the "Little Saigon" name.
Nguyen said the area should have its own identity – separate from other Little Saigons. And business owners prefer that the name have "business district" in it. "Little Saigon" is opposed by the Story Road Business Association and the San Jose Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, which has members in the area.
"Little Saigon" supporters have accused Nguyen of turning her back on her constituents in order to appease the business community.
Barry Hung Do, one of the leaders of the Committee for Little Saigon, sent out a scathing press release this week accusing Nguyen of being undemocratic, suggesting that she is ignoring the will of the people who put her in office.
"How can anyone respect councilmember Nguyen when it is clear that she does not respect the democratic process," the document states.
Several council members came to Nguyen's defense and expressed disgust with the attitude of the Vietnamese community.
"Madison has had the courage and the creativity to endure accusations of being a liar, to endure accusations of communism, to endure all kinds of accusations, and to try and seek a solution," Councilman Sam Liccardo said.
Councilwoman Judy Chirco agreed.
"I have heard more disrespect tonight than I ever thought I would hear from the Vietnamese community," Chirco said. "You don't have to agree, but you have to respect."
Contact Joshua Molina at firstname.lastname@example.com or (408) 275-2002


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United States District Court, W.D. Oklahoma
April 11, 2018
GINA MILITELLO, now ERIN, Individually and as Administratrix of The Estate of ASHLEY NICOLE CRABTREE, Deceased, Plaintiff,v.ICAN LOGISTICS, INC., a Foreign For Profit Corporation; ZEYS WANG, an Individual; and HONGYUE TRUCKING, INC., Defendants. and ICAN LOGISTICS, INC., Defendant/ Third-Party Plaintiff,v.WESCO INSURANCE COMPANY, Third-Party Defendant.
Gina Militello[1] filed this wrongful death action
individually and on behalf of her deceased daughter, Ashley
Nicole Crabtree, against ICAN Logistics, Inc.
("ICAN"), [2] Zeyu Wang, and Hongyue Trucking, Inc.
("Hongyue"). Her claims arise out of a vehicle
accident involving the decedent and defendant Wang. ICAN
filed a third-party complaint against Wesco Insurance Company
("Wesco"), who then filed a counterclaim and
crossclaims for declaratory judgment against ICAN, Militello,
Hongyue and Wang. Wesco and ICAN have filed motions for
summary judgment and Ms. Militello has filed a partial motion
for summary judgment.[3] In this order the court will address
Wesco's and plaintiff's motions.
judgment is appropriate only "if the movant shows that
there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."
Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). "A genuine dispute as to a material
fact 'exists when the evidence, construed in the light
most favorable to the non-moving party, is such that a
reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving
party.'" Carter v. Pathfinder Energy Servs.,
Inc., 662 F.3d 1134, 1141 (10th Cir. 2011) (quoting
Zwygart v. Bd. of Cnty. Comm'rs, 483 F.3d 1086,
1090 (10th Cir.2007)). Considering the motions filed under
this standard, the court concludes both Wesco's and
plaintiff's motions should be denied.
daughter was killed when her vehicle collided with a
tractor-trailer driven by Zeyu Wang on March 6, 2016, in
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In the amended complaint
("complaint") plaintiff alleges that defendant
Hongyue leased a tractor and trailer and provided a driver,
Wang, to ICAN. Plaintiff alleges that both ICAN and Hongyue
should have known that Wang, who purportedly left California
around March 5, 2016, transporting cargo in the
tractor-trailer, [4] was not qualified to operate the vehicle
because he could not speak or write English sufficiently to,
among other things, understand traffic signs and make legible
entries on reports and records. Plaintiff alleges that Wang
violated federal motor carrier regulations by failing to take
mandatory rest breaks while driving from California. She
specifically claims that when the accident occurred Wang had
been driving more than eleven hours, been on duty more than
fourteen hours and had falsified his record of duty logs.
Plaintiff contends that, even though there was a sign on the
road where the accident occurred which stated
"'Congestion Be Prepared to Stop, ' Wang
negligently struck the rear of Crabtree's vehicle,
fatally injuring her daughter. Doc. #15, p. 4, ¶¶
28-29.[5] Plaintiff asserts claims for negligence
and negligence per se against ICAN, Wang and Hongyue.
filed a crossclaim against Hongyue, asserting it is entitled
to contractual indemnity pursuant to the terms of the lease
agreement ("Agreement") they executed and common
law indemnity for any liability imposed in this action. ICAN
claims that Hongyue breached the Agreement by failing to list
it as an additional insured on an insurance policy Hongyue
obtained from Westco. ICAN also filed a third-party complaint
against Wesco. ICAN alleges that at the time of the accident
Wesco insured defendant Hongyue for "any and all of the
alleged liability claimed by Plaintiff against Hongyue
Trucking, Inc." and that its (ICAN's) agreement
with Hongyue required Hongyue to list it as an additional
insured on the Wesco insurance policy. Doc. #18, p. 2,
¶¶ 3, 5. ICAN alleges that Wesco "breached
its duty and the Lease Agreement by failing to make ICAN an
additional insured under its policy." Id. at
issued a commercial motor carrier insurance policy
("Policy" or "basic Policy") to
Hongyue with effective dates of February 9, 2016 to February
9, 2017. Wesco seeks a declaratory judgment that it has no
duty under the Policy to defend and/or indemnity ICAN,
Hongyue, Wang or any other party, principally because Hongyue
was not acting as a for-hire motor carrier at the time of the
accident. In her motion plaintiff asks the court to determine
as a matter of law that Hongyue was a "for-hire motor
carrier for the trip at issue." Doc. #57, p. 9.
It is
undisputed that the basic insurance policy Wesco issued to
Hongyue does not provide insurance coverage for the
accident.[6] The leased tractor and trailer
("tractor") that are the subject of the Agreement
between ICAN and Hongyue were not specifically described in
the Policy and are not, therefore, "covered
autos" under its terms. Because they were not
"covered autos, " ICAN, Hongyue and Wang are not
"insureds" under the Policy. However, attached to
the basic Policy is a federally mandated MCS-90 endorsement.
Plaintiff argues that it applies to provide insurance
coverage for the accident.
regulations require interstate trucking companies to maintain
insurance or another form of surety 'conditioned to pay
any final judgment recovered against such motor carrier for
bodily injuries to or the death of any person resulting from
the negligent operation, maintenance or use of motor
vehicles.'" Carolina Cas. Ins. Co. v.
Yeates, 584 F.3d 868, 870 (10th Cir. 2009) (quoting 49
C.F.R. § 387.301(a); see also id. §
387.7). Most interstate trucking companies obtain the MCS-90,
a specific endorsement to one or more of their insurance
policy or policies, "which guarantees payment of
minimum amounts, as set forth in the regulations, to an
injured member of the public." Id. (quoting 49
C.F.R. §§ 387.7, 387.9). "An MCS-90
endorsement is intended to eliminate[] the possibility of a
denial of coverage by requiring the insurer to pay any final
judgment recovered against the insured for negligence in the
operation, maintenance, or use of motor vehicles subject to
federal financial responsibility requirements, even though
the accident vehicle is not listed in the policy."
Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
Yeates the Tenth Circuit concluded that "the
MCS-90 endorsement is intended to impose a surety obligation
on the insurance company." Id. at 879. It
[W]hen an injured party obtains a negligence judgment against
a motor carrier, an insurer's obligation under the MCS-90
endorsement is not triggered unless (1) the underlying
insurance policy (to which the endorsement is attached) does
not provide liability coverage for the accident, and (2) the
carrier's other insurance coverage is either insufficient
to meet the federally-mandated minimums or non-existent. Once
the federally-mandated minimums have been satisfied, however,
the endorsement does not apply.
asserts that most of the requirements that must be met for
the MCS-90 endorsement to be triggered have not been
satisfied here. It contends that a final judgment has not
been entered against Hongyue, the named insured, and
"the other motor carrier's aggregate coverage is
[sufficient] to satisfy the federally mandated minimum levels
of financial responsibility." Doc. #49, p.
Wesco also argues that, for the endorsement to be triggered,
Hongyue must have been "operating as a for-hire motor
carrier at the time of the accident." Herrod v.
Wilshire Ins. Co., 499 Fed.Appx. 753, 760 (10th Cir.
2012). As explained by the Tenth Circuit in Herrod,
the "financial responsibility requirements of the MCA
apply to 'motor carriers.'" Herrod,
499 Fed.Appx. at 759 (citing 49 U.S.C. §31139(b)). The
MCA defines the term as "a person providing motor
vehicle transportation for compensation." 49 U.S.C.
§ 13102(14). A "motor carrier" is defined by
the regulations promulgated pursuant to the MCA and
accompanying the MCS-90 endorsement as a "for-hire
motor carrier or a private motor carrier." 49 C.F.R.
§ 387.5. "[F]or-hire carriage is defined as
"the business of transporting, for compensation, the
goods or property of another." Id. A motor
carrier includes "a motor carrier's agent, officer,
or representative." 49 C.F.R. § 387.5. Wesco
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Workers' Compensation News
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|State: FL | Segment: | 1026 | 0
|Professional services marketing is unique in the marketing circles because what is being marketed is the service ability of a particular person - highly personal services that can have a significant impact on another's life or livelihood. Yet, marketing the professional doesn't stop with ha...Read More
|Medical Management for Claims Examiners - Part 2
|State: FL | Segment: | 1103 | 0
|We started off this series of articles with some basic concepts of medical management from the claims examiner standpoint. Now we will take a look at some of the more specific issues, and in particular issues involving orthopedic medical management since orthopedic injuries are the most common worke...Read More
|Claims As Marketing, Part 3
|State: FL | Segment: | 946 | 0
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|State: CA | Segment: | 1536 | 0
|By Steven Danchik, MA, RPTPhysical Therapy occupies a unique position in the medical management of patients with industrial injuries. The therapist does not prescribe medication or perform surgery, but his interaction with the patient is critical for a successful result. Proper physi...Read More
|Apportionment Under LC Section 4750 - Part 3
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text:
Conditions of Entry
All participants in the Bike for Brain Cancer Ride are required to read and sign the conditions of entry below, agreeing to your understanding of the ride conditions and individual responsibilities.
- (a) I, the undersigned, in consideration of and as a condition of acceptance of my entry in the ride for myself, my heirs, executors and administrators hereby waive and release BCBA, BCC and all parties and persons in any capacity associated directly or indirectly with the organising or conduct of the Ride from all and any claim, right or cause of action which I or they might otherwise have for or arising out of my loss of life, damage or loss of any description whatsoever which I may suffer or sustain in the course of or consequent upon my entry or participation in the said event AND I agree that I participate in the said event solely at my own risk.
(b) I acknowledge that the ride will be held on public roads which are in use by the general public during the ride and I agree to abide by any law relating to the use of public roads. I acknowledge that riding on a public road is inherently dangerous and I am aware of the risks of collision with motor vehicles, bicycles or pedestrians and agree to exercise proper care and skill to avoid any collision. I am also aware of the risks of crashing due to uneven surfaces, potholes or gravel.
- This waiver, release and discharge shall be and operate separately in favour of all persons, corporations and bodies involved or otherwise engaged in promoting or staging the event and the servants, agents, representatives and officers of them, any host, medical and paramedical personnel, police officers and shall operate whether or not the loss, injury or damage is attributable to the act or neglect of any one or more of them.
- I agree to pay the registration fee of $585 and make a commitment to meet the minimum fundraising target of $2,500. I understand that an online fundraising page will be created on my behalf and agree to abide by the Terms and Conditions.
- I understand this ride has been sanctioned by Cycling Australia and it's mandatory that I am a member of Cycling Australia to be entitled to participate in this Ride and be covered by the insurance policy arranged by Cycling Australia.
- I acknowledge that I have sole responsibility for my personal possessions and equipment during the ride.
- I hereby attest and verify that I am physically fit and have sufficiently trained for this ride. If requested, I agree to provide a signed doctor's certificate attesting to my physical fitness to participate in the said ride. I acknowledge that Entoure and BCBA maintain an absolute discretion to exclude any riders that Entoure or BCBA considers are not fit or otherwise suitable to participate in the Ride.
- I consent to receiving any medical treatment or first aid including ambulance transportation deemed reasonably necessary by an appropriate health practitioner or the event organisers in the event of injury, accident and/or illness during or after the Ride.
- I acknowledge that I at all times remain responsible for ensuring that my bike is ride-worthy, has been properly maintained and serviced and is in a suitable condition to be able to undertake the ride safely in a peloton at the agreed speeds. No Tri Bars, Hybrids, Tandems, Mountains Bikes will be allowed in this ride. I agree to abide by the decision of the organisers as to the ride-worthiness or suitability of my bike for the event.
- I consent to photographs and electronic images being taken of me before, during or after the event by an official representative of the event organiser. I acknowledge and agree that such photographs and electronic images are owned by the event organiser and that they may be used for promotional use. These images may be used for reporting purposes or other purposes at any time without my further consent being necessary.
- "Ride" means BCBA Bike for Brain Cancer Ride 2019.
Mechanical Support
This is a fully supported ride and participants will receive assistance throughout the ride. Assistance will be provided free of charge but products will be supplied on a "user pay" basis and I fully understand and accept this.
By proceeding with your registration, you agree to the participation conditions listed above and confirm your acceptance of them.


text:
This is the October 18 2012 edition of Who's Blogging What, a newsletter that closely monitors 1,100 top web marketing blogs for online professionals involved in social media, search marketing, email, user experience and web analytics. Subscribers are updated with highlights and useful new links every Thursday. If you would like to be kept up to date you may enter your email address in the box at the right.
LinkedIn improving its image
LinkedIn continued its visual makeover this week by announcing a new profile design, citing the objectives of visual impact, network discovery and engagement. Marketing Land did a good job of analyzing the features of the new design which, along with the recent business page redesign, are clearly part of the new 'timeline' school of social home pages. For the record, LinkedIn claims a different inspiration -- singer Katy Perry. AllThingsD pointed to a more scientific motivation for the visual refresh sweeping social media with research showing that apps like Instagram have enviable engagement rates. The new profile is still being rolled out but LinkedIn is accepting requests for those who don't want to wait.
Also this week, Google provided an intriguing tool allowing sites to disavow links, an effort to limit the collateral damage of the Penguin update. Search Engine Land provided the details of how sites can ask Google to ignore links that Penguin might think are purchased or otherwise 'overly aggressive'. Google cautioned sites to proceed carefully. The blog Portent posted a list of "dos and don'ts" while SEOMoz provided a helpful checklist for sites who may be wondering if they have links that would be best disavowed.
Six Need to Know Things About Real-Time Display Advertising
New rules to help master an important new medium
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Age: 2 years – 2 1/2 years | Welcome Letter | Daily Schedule |Starlights September Calendar
Starlights is made up of fresh 2 year olds with a 1:8 teacher to child ratio. This class really enjoys learning to use open cups and making friendships that last their duration here at the center. Starlights also start the potty training process and are constantly wanting to learn new things.


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most popular products
|» Products
|» Fennel Seeds
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Fennel Seeds
Product Code : 03
Product Description
Fennel Seeds are oval in shape and greenish brown in color. It is one of the ingredients of common spice blend panch poran. It is widely used as a flavoring agent in meat, fish and seafood items. These seeds are also used in pasta sauces, pickles, curries and salads. It is often chewed after the meal to prevent gas or indigestion. Fennel Seeds are highly used in mouthwashes to relieve toothache, sore throats and gum diseases. Apart from this, these seeds freshen the breath and take away smell & taste after eating garlic. Drinking fennel tea helps in removing toxins from body and reduces the risk of urinary tract problems.
SHUBHAGINI SPICE SUPPLIERS All Rights Reserved.(Terms of Use)
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Saturday, 15 February 2014
Venezuela on the edge
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Modello - Presentation Centre
Client: Boffo Developments
Visit Project Website
Visit Project Website
This presentation centre is a testament to elegant, modern living. It was designed to exemplify the slogan for the project: "the art of elegant living". A classic palate of calacatta marble, fine-line walnut wood veneer, and chrome, is punctuated with graphic elements of black and white, as well as the rich pinks, yellows, oranges and reds used in the marketing material. The stunning entry ceiling light fixture and logo wall in the reception space create a grand entrance with a lasting impression.


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Overturning limits on rent control will be on the ballot in California this November, now that organizers have garnered enough signatures to certify Proposition 10. California could be the first state to repeal state-wide rent control limits via ballot initiative, as a number of other cities are challenging similar laws in other states.
The law Californians are seeking to repeal, the Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act, was originally passed in 1995. It prevents cities from enacting rent limits on any structure built after 1995, bans vacancy controls, and excludes single-family homes from rent control ordinances. In January, a bill in the California state assembly to repeal Costa-Hawkins died in committee.
Rent control imposes limits on rent increases during the duration of a tenant's stay. Ordinances in cities grew in popularity during the 1970s, when inflation was high, according to Jenny Schuetz, a research fellow at The Brookings Institute Metropolitan Policy Program. In the decades that followed, most states banned the practice.


text: A DIY tutorial to build an X base dining table with a circular top. A Mission Style Pedestal Table #3: Base to Top. Mission Style Pedestal . A beautiful Neutral Modern Farmhouse Dining Room Read . Mission Dining Table Pedestal Kit. Available with a beautiful walnut or oak top surface and solid, chunky steel legs. The design pays Mission Dining Table Pedestal Kit. Миссия обеденный . Serving DIY hobbyists, designers & furniture makers. . Wooden Table Pedestals catagory image Tapered Mission Coffee Table Leg . Customers can also order an entire table base kit from Osborne's website, custom made to apron pieces, table legs, and all the hardware required to assemble a beautiful table base. 9 ian. 2019 - This practical, yet attractive, dining table set is crafted from solid hardwood . 7-Piece Mission Style Solid Hardwood Dining Table & Chairs Set as our top . Dorel Living Aubrey 5 Piece Traditional Height Pedestal Dining Set. 12 apr. 2019 - table pedestals wood round wood pedestal dining table table pedestals . unfinished legs pedestal base intended for attractive photos wood table pedestals wood mission dining table pedestal kit table top wood pedestals. Double pedestal dining tables are a strong feature of the interior. . room with a touch of vintage flavor, using this double pedestal mission table. . room with this elegant dining set consisted of 1 rectangle table and 8 dining chairs. Its center must be a table - as beautiful as this two-tone double pedestal dining table with a . 5' Hardwood Turned Dining Table Pedestal Base (Height & Finish Options) from 9.95 19.95 . Banks Hardwood Pedestal Set - UnfinishedFurnitureExpo . Are you looking for an attractive leg for your table? Look no . Tapered Mission Dining Table Leg. 29' x 3½' Part . Tall Extended Old World Double Pedestal Kit. The Mission Dining Table Pedestal Kit is handcrafted from solid red oak. Unfinished. 30 1/2' wide and 27 5 /8' tall.


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"Many people ask me why I chose to have a breast augmentation. This is why I've decided to share my story with women everywhere who are contemplating and researching this particular procedure.
I was 30 years old when I began to look into breast augmentation as a solution to alter the appearance of my awkward looking breasts. I was extremely uncomfortable when wearing bathing suits and felt very unhappy when I looked at myself in the mirror. Besides my breasts, I was pretty happy and confident with my body. It was something that I had been obsessing about since my early twenties. I decided to research the procedure, and hold onto the thought for a while, before rushing into something that would ultimately change my body forever.
A year later, I had my first child and was happily married, but I still had a strong desire to have a breast augmentation. My husband insisted that I was fine just the way I was, but it didn't matter how others perceived me. It was a personal choice at the end of the day; one I had been considering for some time. After the birth of my first born, my breast had a very deflated and saggy look. I had to rectify this dilemma, and soon!
After some weeks of thorough research, I luckily stumbled across Dr. Svetlana Danovich's name. She is a specialized cosmetic surgeon with breast augmentation expertise. But what captivated my attention even more, was the fact that she offered the SD 24hr Breast Augmentation.
At first I was a bit confused with the term '24 hours', but as I continued to read further, I was more intrigued with her 24hr Breast Augmentation approach. She basically augments the breast area with saline in conjunction with your own organic healing serum and mesotherapy. The patient can then decide what breast size would suit them best. The saline is gradually absorbed into the bloodstream, with the full effect lasting about 48 hours. The ongoing benefits of Organic Healing Serum, Growth Factors, and Mesotherapy will last for more than a year. This treatment rejuvenates the breast tissue by stimulating collagen and new blood flow to enhance the appearance of the breasts. After that detailed and elaborate explanation, I was instantly sold! The concept was genius!
I immediately set up my consultation appointment with Dr. Danovich for the following week, and at that moment, I knew I was finally going to go through with the procedure. There was absolutely no turning back now.
Meeting Dr. Danovich that day was a bit of an eye opener. She went into great detail as to what the breast augmentation procedure would entail, and what to expect the subsequent weeks and months. I felt completely confident in choosing her to perform my procedure.
I scheduled my surgery a couple of weeks later. The entire surgery lasted about an hour. When I woke up, I felt a bit sore. That's it! No other pain or discomfort at all! It was unbelievable! I felt well enough to walk a bit and have lunch thereafter. I went home to rest (take a nap as per doctor's instructions), but I wasn't sleepy. I rested for a while, then took a shower and went out to dinner that night with my husband. I had some swelling and very little discomfort, but after 2 days of taking extra strength Tylenol, I was feeling great. I followed Dr. Danovich's 'Post-op recovery instructions'. I was able to shower and sleep in my own bed, and gradually resume my day to day activities.
I wanted to take the time to share my personal experience with anyone who is contemplating this type of elective surgery. Dr. Danovich is an excellent and highly skilled surgeon. I'm beyond the moon with my results. The 24 hours' breast augmentation was extremely helpful in allowing me to see what my breasts would be like before making a final decision regarding size and shape of the breast. They look so natural. I've never felt better. Trying on all my clothes was the best part. The shirts that used to look OK on me now look AMAZING!
It really was the best decision I have ever made for myself. I would do it all over again in a heartbeat! If you're thinking about getting a breast augmentation done, all I can say is that it's well worth it, and you'll thank yourself every time you look in the mirror or go bra shopping. Thank you to Dr. D and her staff for an amazing experience!"


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Tag Archives: friendship
No longer concerned with the public affirmation of friendship – She only wanted those late night conversations back. She wanted the honest, open two-way banter, the endless feeling of being important
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged depth, friends, friendship, honesty, important, life, meaning, poem, poetry, wisdom, words Leave a comment
I've read the message I knew you feared was coming. This is just the door God wanted to close for you. Opening the world to your true gift! ❤
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged friendship, gift, talent, words, write Leave a comment
The art of letting go isn't art whatsoever it's messy, sloppy and not within the lines of my nature I tend to dig, mold, sculpt anything out of nothing and when it's all said and done, the creation isn't masterful … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged art, back off, dig, dwindle, friendship, I told you so, I was right, let go, messy, mole hill, mountain, needle in a haystack, perception, poem, poetry, priceless, sloppy, stop, thinking, words, work, you were wrong Leave a comment
Her confused mind is Clear In his presence
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged clear, comfort, confused, friendship, him, love, mind, poem, poetry, presence, relationship, words, zone Leave a comment
She was intrugued by the thoughts that wandered through her barbbed mind. Thoughts that were sharp with smiles, frowns, tears and laughter. What were these thoughts made up of? Friendships They come and go and those that return are the … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged friendship, frown, gifts, God, laughter, poem, poetry, smile, tears, thoughts, words, write Leave a comment
People are the brick and mortar of who we are Without them, we are rubble
A tribute to Prince. Musical genius, inspiration to many, legend. Listening to the many video tributes on line, I'm not one to dive into lyrics, but I finally get this one. I feel it – my gut, my heart, my … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged adam levine, apology, darius rucker, friendship, honor, love, music, prince, purple rain, respect, trust, video, words Leave a comment


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After you enjoy a tasty meal of oysters on the half-shell at your favorite seafood restaurant, those shells are sent to a landfill along with the restaurant's waste. Rather than loosing this vital resource, the Galveston Bay Foundation partners with local restaurants to collect the shucked shells and return them to the bay to create new oyster habitat.
Help us reach our goal and recycle 2 MILLION POUNDS OF SHELLS BY 2020! We're just 250,000 pounds away.
Find out how YOU can help by contacting our Oyster Team staff:Contact us today!
Galveston Bay Foundation's Oyster Shell Recycling Program was piloted in 2011 by Tommy's Restaurant and Oyster Bar. Since the inception of the program, Galveston Bay Foundation (GBF) has partnered with 11 restaurants and secured four sites for stockpiling recycled shells. GBF's collection methods have also been refined over the years, thanks to the generous support provided by federal grants and local sponsors.
1. Shell Collection: Restaurant staff deposit shucked oyster shells in 32-gallon recycling bins or 5-gallon buckets that are stored behind participating restaurants. These containers are collected on a weekly basis by GBF staff and are transported to a "curing site" where the shell is temporarily stored.
2. Sun Curing: The oyster shells are trailered to one of GBF's "curing sites" to be sun-bleached for a minimum of 6 months. This ensures that all bacteria and non-native species have been eliminated. GBF staff and volunteers conduct periodic maintenance at the curing sites to turn the shells with tractors, allowing it be thoroughly exposed to the sun.
3.Shell Transport: Following the curing process, the shells are ready to be used in oyster reef restoration and enhancement projects throughout Galveston Bay. GBF works with construction companies and partners to transport the oyster shells to various restoration sites around the bay via dump trucks and trailers.
For more information about the Oyster Shell Recycling Program or if you are interested in a partnership with GBF please contact Michael Niebuhr (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Galveston Bay Foundation has reclaimed more than 1.6 million pounds of oyster shells with the help of local restaurants!
This project is funded in part by a Texas Coastal Management Program Grant approved by the Texas Land Commissioner pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA14NOS4190139.


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How Does Pottery Complete Its Journey From Earth to Art?
You can find the answer to this question and more while your group tours the St. Petersburg Clay Company, housed in the Historic Seaboard Train Station.
Tour the historic Seaboard Train Station
Learn about the 7 different styles of kilns and how the different firing methods affect the finished artwork
Experience a throwing demonstration by one of our resident artists
Only $1.00 per person
(minimum $10 per group)
This affordable excursion is a great way to introduce your class or group to both the science and art of creating functional pottery and sculptures from clay.
These tours are great for individuals of all ages!
Call now to book a tour for your class or group.


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3 Tips to Make the Most of Medicare Open Enrollment Period This Year
Last posted by Maurie Backman | The Motley Fool
Each year, Medicare enrollees have the opportunity to make changes to their existing coverage. It's known as the program's open enrollment period, and it kicked off Oct. 15 and lasts through Dec. 7. Here are a few ways you can make the most of this year's open enrollment period – and secure the best coverage possible for yourself.
1. Review your drug plan options
Traditional Medicare is broken down into several distinct parts. Part A, which covers hospital visits, is free for most enrollees, while Part B and Part D, which cover diagnostics and prescriptions, respectively, charge participants a premium. But whereas Parts A and B don't give you a choice in the coverage you get and what you pay, there's a host of Part D plans you can choose from – and open enrollment is the optimal time to pick the right one.
When evaluating your Part D plan options, you'll need to do a few things. First, take a look at your prescription needs and see if they've changed over the past year or if you expect them to change in the coming year. Next, take a look at the specific drug coverage each Part D plan offers and weigh that against the premium it wants to charge you. Keep in mind that drug plan formularies can change from year to year, so the same medication that cost you little in 2018 could become far more expensive in 2019. That's why you'll need to look not just at premiums but at how your medications are treated under each plan.
2. Consider a Medicare Advantage plan
With traditional Medicare, you need to choose a drug plan on top of Parts A and B for comprehensive coverage. Or there's another option: signing up for an all-inclusive Medicare Advantage plan instead. During open enrollment, you can move from original Medicare to an Advantage plan. You can also switch Advantage plans if your current one isn't working for you.
Why might you move from traditional Medicare to Medicare Advantage? For one thing, Advantage plans often cost less while offering a wider range of services. Original Medicare, for example, doesn't cover necessities like dental care, vision and hearing, but you'll often get coverage for these services through Medicare Advantage. Another benefit of Medicare Advantage is that many plans offer overseas coverage, whereas traditional Medicare does not. If you're planning to travel a lot next year, that could be a good reason to switch to an Advantage plan.
Of course, there's a flip side, and it's that with an Advantage plan, you might be limited to a smaller group of providers or medical facilities. Still, it pays to do some research and see if an Advantage plan makes sense for you.
3. Get help
Navigating the world of Medicare can be confusing, so if you're already spinning your wheels, be sure to take advantage of Medicare's plan-finder tool. There, you'll be able to enter some basic information, and the program will get you started with some plan options that might meet your needs.
The moves you make during open enrollment could shave a bundle off of your healthcare costs next year. So don't wait — a few hours of research could make one of your largest monthly expenses far more manageable.


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FALCON Ultra
For the most demanding player.
With a classic stylish cloth covering, FALCON Ultra combines the highly resistant carbon fiber with a high-impact absorption technology.
Carbon fiber
The toughest shell
FALCON Ultra is built on a reinforced carbon fiber shell. Strong enough to spread the force of the impact evenly across the whole of the outer shell area. Then the soft inner protection manages (absorbs) the remaining energy that is transferred through the outer shell, even when multiple impacts apply.
Crash management
Multi-impact protection
All new Falcon Polo helmets features XRD® Technology on the inside. On impact, the high performance molecules of this element create a unique protective shield that absorbs up to 90% of the most intense force* hit after hit. Learn more →
* as measured according to ASTM-F1614-C
Cloth covering
The outer shell of the FALCON Ultra is all covered with a specific cloth that endures over time. There are several colors available, and customization include color combination between top and visor. The shape of the helmet maintains the look of the classic and memorable polo helmet, the most preferred by polo players.
Optimum fit
A good fitting reflects better comfort, but also means a better performing helmet. Falcon Polo ensures a snug (not oppressive) fit and a comfort level that make your riding a pleasure, keeping its protection capabilities. Also the sweatband is now interchangeable.
FALCON Ultra comes in two styles:
Use this form to request more information.