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There are an increasing number of countries around the world that have adopted or are considering adopting freedom of information acts. More than 40 countries now have laws that require the disclosure of government records and dozens more are considering acts. Many countries that have recently created or updated their constitutions have specific rights to freedom of information in their constitution. In other countries, the courts have found an implicit right to FOI as an element of free speech.
Article 43 of the Constitution, enacted in 1994, provides a right of habeas data for individuals to obtain information held about them by government agencies: "Every person may file an action to obtain knowledge of the data about them and its purpose, whether contained in public or private registries or databases intended to provide information; and in the case of false data or discrimination, to suppress, rectify, make confidential, or update the data. The privacy of news information sources may not be affected." The Supreme Court is currently reviewing a case involving Habeas Data.
In November 1998, the City of Buenos Aires approved a law on access to information. The law gives all persons the right to ask for and to receive information held by the local authorities and creates a right of judicial review. Individuals have the right under habeas data to update, rectification, confidentiality or suppression of information.
The federal Freedom of Information Act 1982 provides for access to government records. The Commonwealth Ombudsman promotes the Act and handles complaints about procedural failures. Merits review (appeals) of adverse FOI decisions is provided by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, with the possibility of further appeals on points of law to the federal court. Budget cuts have severely restricted the capacity of the attorney general's department and Ombudsman to support the Act and there is now little central direction, guidance or monitoring. The government has announced an extension of the Act to cover contracted service providers, but a bill has not yet been introduced.
The Auskunftspflichtgesetz is a Freedom of Information law that obliges federal authorities to answer questions regarding their areas of responsibility. However, it does not permit citizens to access documents, just to receive answers from the government on the content of information. The nine Austrian Provinces have laws that place similar obligations on their authorities.
There are freedom of information laws on the right of access to administrative documents on the national and local and regional levels. Each jurisdiction has a Commission d'accès aux documents administratifs which oversees the act.
The Freedom of Information Act was approved in 1994. The law provides for general access to documents held by government departments except for courts and the Office of the Governor General. The definition of documents include "public contracts, grants or leases of land, or any written or printed matter, any map, plan or photograph, and any article or thing that has been so treated in relation to any sounds or visual images that those sounds or visual images are capable, with or without the aid of some other device, of being reproduced from the article or thing, and includes a copy of any such matter, map, plan, photograph, article or thing, but does not include library material maintained for reference purposes." Documents affecting national security, defense, international relations, and cabinet proceedings are exempt. Requests can be appealed to an Ombudsman who can force the disclosure of some documents but not those determined to be exempt. The losing party may appeal to the Supreme Court.
Article 5 (14) of the 1988 Constitution of Brazil states that "access to information is ensured to everyone and confidentiality of the source is protected whenever necessary for the professional activity." Individuals have a constitutional right of Habeas Data to access information about themselves held by public agencies which has been adopted into law.
The Bulgarian Constitution of 1991 Article 41 states, "(1) Everyone shall be entitled to seek, obtain and disseminate information. This right shall not be exercised to the detriment of the rights and reputation of others, or to the detriment of national security, public order, public health and morality. (2) Citizens shall be entitled to obtain information from state bodies and agencies on any matter of legitimate interest to them which is not a state or other secret prescribed by law and does not affect the rights of others."
As part of the Bulgaria 2001 program, the Bulgarian government committed in February 1998 to enacting a Law for Access to Information to provide access to government records. A draft bill is pending before the Judiciary Committee in the Parliament. The Bulgarian National Bank announced in July 1999 that it would be the first state institution to open up its archive of documents from the Communist era, starting in September. The 1997 Access to Documents of the Former State Security Service Act regulates the access, proceedings of disclosure and use of information kept in the documents of the former State Security Service.
The Access to Information Act provides individuals with a right of access to information held by the federal public sector. The Act gives Canadians and other individuals and corporations present in Canada the right to apply for and obtain copies of federal government records. "Records" include letters, memos, reports, photographs, films, microforms, plans, drawings, diagrams, maps, sound and video recordings, and machine-readable or computer files. The Act is overseen by the Office of the Information Commissioner of Canada. The Commissioner can investigate and issue recommendations but does not have power to issue binding orders. The Canadian Federal Court has ruled that government has an obligation to answer all access requests regardless of the perceived motives of the requesters. Similarly, the commissioner must investigate all complaints even if the government seeks to block him from so doing on the grounds that the complaints are made for an improper purpose. Each of the provinces also has a freedom of information law.
The 1991 Constitution provides for a right of access to government records. Colombia has a long history of FOIA. In 1888, the Code of Political and Municipal Organization allowed for individuals to request documents held in government agencies and archives, unless it was specifically forbidden by another law. In 1985, the Law Ordering the Publicity of Official Acts and Documents was approved. The law allows any person to examine the actual documents held by public agencies and obtain copies. Exceptions are for documents protected by the Constitution, another law, national defense or security. After 30 years, all secrecy is removed and the document becomes a public record. Requests must be responded to in 10 days. If a document request is denied, the petitioner can appeal to an Administrative Tribunal.
According to experts, "enforcement of the law is haphazard and the FOIA bureaucracy charged with processing requests does not yet exist."
Czech Republic
The Parliament approved the Freedom of Information Law in May 1999. The law is based on the U.S. FOIA and provides for citizens access to all government records held by State bodies, local self-governing authorities and certain other official institutions, such as the Chamber of Lawyers or the Chamber of Doctors except for classified information, trade secrets or personal data.
In April 1996, the Parliament approved a law that allows any Czech citizen to obtain his or her file created by the Communist-era secret police (StB). Non-Czech citizens are not allowed to access their records. The Interior Ministry holds 60,000 records but it is estimated that many more were destroyed in 1989. In October 1998, there was a controversy over the rumors that the records showed that former Vienna Mayor Helmut Zilk, who was about to receive an award from Czech President Vaclav Havel, was a collaborator with the StB. It was suspected that the Office for the Documentation and Investigation of the Crimes of Communism was the source of the documents.
The Access to Information Act and the Access to Public Administration Files Act govern access to government records. There is currently an effort to replace the acts with a new law based on E.U. Directive 95/46.
The Publicity (of Public Actions) Act went into effect on December 1, 1999, replacing the Publicity of Official Documents Act of 1951. It provides for a general right to access any document created by a government agency, or sent or received by a government agency, including electronic records. Finland is a country that has traditionally adhered to the Nordic tradition of open access to government files. In fact, the world's first freedom of information act dates back as far as the Riksdag's (Swedish Parliament) 1766 "Access to Public Records Act." This Act also applied to Finland, then a Swedish-governed territory.
Two laws in France provide for a right to access government records. All records are available except those involving internal government deliberations, state security, personal information protected by the law on data protection, commercial secrets and other documents protected by law. The law does not apply to documents held by the Conseil d'Etat or the courts. The Commission d'accèss aux documents administratifs is charged with enforcing the acts.
There is no general federal freedom of information act in Germany. The federal government is discussing the necessity of a FOIA between the federal and the state governments and waiting for the Council of Europe to finish its recommendations on freedom of information.
Since 1990, a law allows for access to the files of the Stasi, East Germany's former security service, by individuals and researchers. The law created a Federal Commission for the Records of the State Security Services of the Former GDR (the Gauck Authority) which has a staff of 3,000 piecing together shredded documents and making files available. There have been 1.6 million requests from individuals for access to the files and 2.7 million requests for background checks since the archives became available. Many of the files were destroyed in 1989 but sometime in 1990, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was able to obtain the names, aliases and payment histories of 4,000 spies who worked in various countries for Stasi of informers from the Soviet Union. The U.S. Government is refusing to give the files to the German government, claiming that it would harm the people in the files.
The Land of Brandenberg adopted a freedom of information law in 1998 to allow citizens access to government records. The act is enforced by the Information and Data Protection Commissioner. More recently, Berlin and Schleswig Holstein have also adopted FOI laws.
Article 5 of the Greek Code of Administrative Procedure (Law No. 2690/1999) is a new freedom of information act that provides citizens the right to access administrative documents created by government agencies. It replaces Law 1599/1986.
Hong Kong
The Code on Access to Information requires civil servants to provide records held by government departments unless there are specific reasons for not doing so. Departments can withhold information if it relates to 16 different categories including defense, external affairs, law enforcement and personal privacy. Formal complaints of denials can be filed with the Ombudsman. It is not considered to be very effective.
Article 61 (1) of the Constitution states: "In the Republic of Hungary everyone has the right to the free declaration of his views and opinions, and has the right of access to information of public interest, and also the freedom to disseminate such information."
Act No. LXIII of 1992 on the Protection of Personal Data and Disclosure of Data of Public Interest covers the collection and use of personal information in both the public sector and private sector. It is a combined Data Protection and Freedom of Information Act.
The Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information oversees the 1992 Act. Besides acting as an ombudsman for both data protection and freedom of information, the Commissioner's tasks include: maintaining the Data Protection Register, and providing opinions on DP and FOI-related draft legislation as well as each category of official secrets. Under the Secrecy Act of 1995, the Commissioner is entitled to change the classification of state and official secrets as well. The Commissioner (along with the two other Parliamentary Commissioners one for human rights in general, the other for the ethnic minorities) was elected for the first time on June 30, 1995, for a six-year term.
The Freedom of Information Act of 1996 (Upplysingalög) governs the release of records. The act was first proposed in 1969 but was never approved. Under the act, individuals, including non-residents, and legal entities have a legal right to documents without having to show a reason for the document. There are exceptions for national security, commercial and personal information. Copyrighted material can be provided to requesters but it is then their responsibility if they republish the materials in a manner inconsistent with the copyright. Denials can be appealed to the Information Committee.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1982 that access to government information was an essential part of the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression.
There has been debate for several years about adopting a national Freedom of Information law and the government working group drafted a bill in 1997. The draft bill would provide a general right to access information and create a National Council for Freedom of Information and State Councils. In February 1999, President K.R. Narayanan announced that the government plans to bring forward the Freedom of Information Bill. Activists are critical of the draft, saying that it only provides for limited access to records involving schools, colleges, jails, employment exchanges, the public distribution of essential commodities, hospitals, land holdings and court deliberations. There are 20 categories of exemptions. The bill is scheduled to be introduced this year during the first budget session.
In 1997, the state of Tamil Nadu adopted the Act for Right to Information and the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh have administratively provided access to records.
The Freedom of Information Act was approved in 1997 and went into effect in April 1998. The act creates a presumption that the public can access documents created by government agencies and requires that government agencies make internal information on their rules and activities available. The Office of the Information Commissioner enforces the act. As of April 1999, there were 6,200 requests to government agencies of which 20% were refused. The Commissioner reviewed 330 cases.
The Freedom of Information Law was approved unanimously by the Knesset in May 1998. It provides for broad access to records held by government offices, local councils and government-owned corporations. Requests for information must be processed within 30 days. A court can review decisions to withheld information. A Jerusalem Post study in June 1999 found that many agencies had not began to prepare for the law.
The Act of 241/7.8.1990 provides for general access to government documents. However, it requires that requestors provide a legitimate reason for the request.
The Disclosure of Information Act was approved by the Diet in May 1999 after 20 years of debate. The law allows any individual or company to request government information in electronic or printed form. A nine-person committee in the Office of the Prime Minster will receive complaints about information which the government refuses to make public and will examine whether the decisions made by the ministries and agencies were appropriate. Government officials will still have broad discretion to refuse requests but requestors will be able to appeal decisions to withhold documents to one of eight different district courts. The law goes into effect in 2001. A survey by Kyodo News in May 1999 found that 31 city and prefectural governments are in the process of adopting legislation consistent with the new law. Sixteen of them are including a principle of "right to know."
The Official Secrets Act, like its namesake in the United Kingdom, places severe restrictions on the dissemination of government information in Kenya. Ministers have broad discretion to classify information as a government secret.
The International Commission of Jurists launched a campaign to adopt a FOI law in August 1999. The members presented a draft proposal for the enactment of a law on freedom of information to the Attorney General and released a detailed report finding support for a law. They conducted a survey of the media, legal professionals and judicial officials, government officials, business sector personalities and the general public and found that 96% supported the idea of a freedom of information act.
South Korea
The Supreme Court ruled in 1989 that there is a constitutional right to information "as an aspect of the right of freedom of expression, and specific implementing legislation to define the contours of the right was not a prerequisite to its enforcement." The Act on Disclosure of Information by Public Agencies is a freedom of information act that allows Koreans to demand access to government records. It was enacted in 1996 and went into effect in 1998.
The Law on Freedom of Information was adopted by the Saiema in October 1998 and signed into law by the State President in November 1998. It guarantees public access to all information in "any technically feasible form" not specifically restricted by law. Individuals may use it to obtain their own records. Information can only be limited if there is a law; the information is for internal use of an institution; trade secrets; information about the private life of an individual, and certification, examination, project, tender and similar evaluation procedures.
There is no general freedom of information law in Luxembourg. Under the 1960 decree on state archives, the archives are to be open to the public but citizens must make a written request explaining why they want access and ministers have broad discretion to deny requests.
The Netherlands
The Government Information (Public Access) Act of 1991 is based on the constitutional right of access to information. It creates a presumption that documents created by a public agency should be available to everyone. Information can be withheld if it relates to international relations of the state, the "economic or financial interest of the state," investigation of criminal offenses, inspections by public authorities or personal privacy. However this must be balanced against the importance of the disclosure. Requesters can appeal denials to an administrative court, which has the final decision.
New Zealand
The Official Information Act 1982 and the Local Government Official Information and Meetings Act 1987 are freedom of information legislation governing the public sector. Enforcement is supervised by the Office of the Ombudsman. There are significant interconnections between this freedom of information legislation and the Privacy Act in subject matter, administration, and jurisprudence, so much so that the three enactments may be viewed, in relation to access to information, as complementary components of one overall statutory scheme.
The Public Access to Documents in the (Public) Administration provides for public access to government records. Under the Act, there is a broad right of access to records. If denied, individuals can appeal to a higher authority under the act and then to a Court.
Freedom of information is constitutionally protected under the right of habeas data. The first case to test the habeas data clause, which reviewed clause 7 of Article 2, was brought in the criminal court system in January 1994. The Supreme Court ruled in March 1994 that the case should not have been brought in the criminal courts, nullified all previous decisions on the case, and ordered it resubmitted to the civil court system. Several cases have allowed the courts to establish their jurisdiction over, and support for, habeas data.
In May 1994, Law Number 26301 was passed in order to set temporary legal standards for the application of habeas data. The Law requires that all habeas data actions be notarized, although reasons for the requested action need not be given, and filed with the legal authority from which information or an action is desired. The Law sets out the time periods and procedures for taking actions under clauses 5, 6 and/or 7 of Article 2 of the Constitution. The Law was updated in June 1995 to give a right of action, provide greater access to records, and to limit its use as a means of censorship.
Article 3, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution, states: "The right of the people to information of matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records and documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law."
The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees mandates disclosure of public transactions and guarantees access to official information, records or documents. Agencies must act on a request within 15 working days from receipt of the request. Complaints against public officials and employees who fail to act on request can be filed with the Civil Service Commission or the Office of the Ombudsman.
There is no general freedom of information act in Poland. A bill was introduced by the Unia Pracy (Union of Work) Party in 1998 but they are no longer represented in the Parliament and no other party has stepped forward to advance the bill. The Supreme Administrative Court ruled in February 2000 that the public's right to know was not unlimited and allowed city council meetings to remain closed.
Poland enacted the Classified Information Protection Act in January 1999 as a condition to entering NATO. The act covers classified information or information collected by government agencies that disclosure "might damage interests of the state, public interests, or lawfully protected interests of citizens or of an organization."
There have also been efforts to deal with the files and former employees of the communist era secret police. A law creating a National Remembrance Institute to allow victims of the communist era secret police access to records was approved by the Parliament in October 1998. President Aleksander Kwasniewski vetoed the bill saying that it should allow all Poles access to the records but his veto was overridden and he later signed the bill. The Screening Act, which allows a special commission to examine the records of government officials who might have collaborated with the secret police, was approved in June 1997 but was delayed until 1998. In November 1998, the Constitutional Tribunal ruled that the act was constitutional except for two provisions. As of January 1999, the Screening Department of the Appellate Court had received 23,460 screening statements from public officials.
Law Number 65/93, of 26 August 1993 provides for access to government records in any form by any person. Documents can be withheld for "internal or external security," secrecy of justice, and personal privacy. It is overseen by the Commission for Access to Administrative Documents, an independent Parliamentary agency. The CADA can examine complaints, provide opinions on access, and decide on classification of systems.
Russian Federation
Article 24 (2) of the Constitution states: "The bodies of state authority and the bodies of local self-government and the officials thereof shall provide to each citizen access to any documents and materials directly affecting his/her rights and liberties unless otherwise stipulated under the law."
The Law of the Russian Federation on Information, Informatization, and Information Protection is a Freedom of Information law. Under the act "Government information resources of the Russian Federation are public; they are generally accessible." Requestors are not required to provide a reason for their request. The law prohibits limits on the following types of information:
The law is overseen by the Committee of the State Duma on Information and Informatization and the State Committee on Information and Informatization under the Russian President Authority.
South Africa
Section 32 of the South African Constitution of 1996 states: "(1) Everyone has the right of access to (a) any information held by the state, and; (b) any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights; (2) National legislation must be enacted to give effect to this right, and may provide for reasonable measures to alleviate the administrative and financial burden on the state."
The Access to Information Act was approved in February 2000. The bill covers both public and private sector entities and allows for access, rights of correction and limitations on disclosure of information. The Act will be enforced by the Human Rights Commission.
The law of 30/26/11/1992 provides for access to government information if a legal interest is shown. It does not apply to computerized records.
Sweden is a country that has traditionally adhered to the Nordic tradition of open access to government files. The world's first freedom of information act was the Riksdag's (Swedish Parliament) "Freedom of the Press Act of 1766." The Act required that official documents should "upon request immediately be made available to anyone making a request" at no charge. The Freedom of the Press Act is now part of the Constitution and decrees that "every Swedish citizen shall have free access to official documents." Decisions by public authorities to deny access to official documents may be appealed to general administrative courts and ultimately, to the Supreme Administrative Court. The Parliamentary Ombudsman has some oversight functions for freedom of information.
The Official Information Act was approved in July 1997 and went into effect in December 1997. The Act allows for citizens to obtain government information such as the result of consideration or a decision which has a direct effect on a private individual, work-plan, project and annual expenditure estimates, and manuals or order relating to work procedure of State officials which affects the rights and duties of private individuals.
The Official Information Commission oversees the act. Individuals can appeal denials to the Commission. According to the OIC, in 1999, there were 113 complaints, 80 of which were solved while the remaining 33 are under processing. There were 32 cases in 1998.
UkraineArticle 34 of the Constitution guarantees the rights "to freely collect, store, use and disseminate information by oral, written or other means of his or her choice."
Article 29 of the Act "On Information" adopted by Parliament on October 2, 1992 (No2657-XII) prohibits limitation of the right to obtain non-covert information. The Statute provides for procedure of access to information. A government department must determine within ten days if the information can be released. The author of rejected or postponement inquiry has a right to appeal the decision to higher echelon or court.
Article 2 of "On the Order of Dissemination of Information on Public Bodies and Local Governments Activity by Mass-Media" requires public bodies to inform mass media about their activity. The statute guarantees free access to such information for journalists except when prescribed by the statute "On State Secrecy". The Statute prohibits putting pressure upon and interfering with journalists.
United Kingdom
There have been efforts for more than 20 years to enact a Freedom of Information Law in the United Kingdom. A 1994 "Code of Practice on Access to Government Information" provides some access to government records but has 15 broad exemptions. Dissatisfied applicants can complain, via a Minister of Parliament, to the Parliamentary Ombudsman if their request is denied.
The government released a draft FOI act for consultation in May 1999. The draft act would allow for access to government records and would create an Information Commissioner (also the Data Protection Commissioner) to enforce the act. An initial draft was strongly criticized by many politicians and nongovernment organizations as being insufficient and weaker than the existing code of practice. A total of 195 Members of Parliament signed a Parliamentary motion calling for major improvements. Two select committees, in the Commons and the Lords, recommended sweeping changes.
The Campaign for Freedom of Information, Charter 88 and 23 other organizations started a campaign to strengthen the law in June 1999. Following the criticism, Home Secretary Jack Straw indicated a willingness to strengthen some of the provisions. The revised bill still has many broad exemptions.
The most controversial exempts the disclosure of all information relating to the "formulation or development of government policy." All information relating to police investigations is exempt from disclosure. All information relating to intelligence agencies or matters is also exempt.
Under the draft, a broad exemption applies to anything which in an authority's reasonable "opinion" would prejudice the "effective conduct of public affairs." The CFOI said that "Giving legal weight to authorities' "opinion" means that most decisions under this vague provision could not be challenged at all."
Another major area of concern is the bill's public interest test. Authorities would have to consider disclosing exempt information in the public interest, but the Commissioner could only recommend disclosure, not require it. Ministers and authorities would always have the final say. A recent survey for the Consumers' Association found that 69% of people did not trust ministers.
Currently, there are several restrictions on FOI in U.K. law. The repressive Official Secrecy Act was used recently against journalist Tory Geraghty for his book The Irish War, which details surveillance techniques used in Northern Ireland and the U.K. by the police and intelligence services.
The Scottish Parliament also promised to enact a stronger Freedom of Information Law as one of its first actions. In November 1999, it issued a consultation document. The draft is considered much stronger than the UK bill. It requires disclosure of facts behind decisions, a stronger balancing test for restricting information (that a disclosure would cause "substantial prejudice") and give the Information Commissioner far greater powers to mandate disclosure of information if it is determined to be in the public interest.
Other countries
There are a number of other countries and regional organizations that are also considering freedom of information laws, including the European Union and Council of Europe, Republic of Georgia, Moldova, Taiwan, and Trinidad and Tobago.
David Banisar is deputy director of Privacy International and a senior fellow at the Electronic Privacy Information Center. An electronic version of this report with footnotes and other materials relating to FOIA is available on the Privacy International Web site.


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ConvertKit is a fantastic tool to help you grow and monetise your blog. But how do you use it? Here's my beginner's guide to ConvertKit…
If you are serious about blogging you NEED to get to grips with email marketing.
It will help you grow your blog, monetise your blog, increase engagement and loyalty amongst your readers and keep your readers coming back for more.
I've already shared in general about how to get started with email marketing and get your first subscribers, what to put in your email newsletter and how to grow your email list with an opt-in offer.
But today I wanted to get much more specific about how to do all that in ConvertKit*.
There are lots of great email marketing services out there, but the one I use on this blog (and love to bits!) is ConvertKit. Not only does it help you collect email addresses and send out newsletters, but it also has a whole bunch of amazing features that allow you to automate much of your email marketing, send emails and email sequences out to a subset of your subscribers based on their behaviour or requests, deliver multiple opt-ins, build free landing pages, create sales funnels and so much more!
So how do you get started? Here's my beginner's guide to ConvertKit…
Step 1: How to set up your ConvertKit account
First up, start by signing up for an account over at convertkit.com* – one of the best things about ConvertKit is that you can get a free trial when you are first starting out, so you can see if ConvertKit is for you.
You first get the the option to select whether you are migrating from another provider or you are brand new.
For the purposes of this tutorial I will assume you are starting afresh, so click I'm brand new', but if you want to migrate your list from another email marketing service, ConvertKit will help you do this.
If you are not sure just click 'I'm brand new': you can always import your existing subscribers later.
Now, simply follow the login instructions and you are in!
You should see a screen like this…
Now you just need to do a few quick and simple things to set up your account.
Start by clicking the round circle in the top right-hand corner and choose account settings. You will get a screen which looks like this…
Complete the Account Info, Profile and Email settings. (You can leave Billing for later, when you decide if you want to continue after your free trial).
In the Email Settings, you will notice next to your email address it will have your status as 'pending'. You must confirm your email address before you will be allowed to send emails from ConvertKit. You should be automatically sent an email with instructions on how to confirm, but if you don't get it, you can click the 'resend email' option.
On this screen you will also need to add your physical mailing address. This does need to be a real address and it will appear at the bottom of each email (this is a legal requirement, with a potentially hefty fine if you don't comply). If you don't want your home address at the bottom of every email, consider getting a PO Box. There are many companies that will offer a free one and only charge you if you receive anything at that address (unlikely). The one I use is: www.ukpostbox.com
OK now you are ready to create your first form!!
Step 2: How to create a form in ConvertKit
A form is the thing you will use to collect email addresses from your new subscribers.
Go to FORMS at the top of your screen and then hit CREATE FORM in the top right.
You will get a choice between creating a form and a landing page. Choose FORM then choose INLINE
You will get a choice of 3 different design styles. For the purposes of this Beginner's Guide to ConvertKit I will choose FULL.
Next design the form the way you want it to look (just click anywhere on the form and you will get the design options come up) – you can click the preview button at anytime to see what your form will look like. (Note – some themes may have styling overriding for ConvertKit, meaning the form will match your theme settings without you having to do anything here – my Refined Theme* does this, which is brilliant as it saves me a job!!)
Once you have your form looking the way you want it. Click SAVE and then click the GEAR ICON to choose what you want to happen to when a visitor signs up (the default is they get sent a generic success message, but you can change that success message or have them redirected to a page of your choice).
Next choose the EMAIL ICON and set up your incentive email. The default is to auto-confirm all subscribers. This is not a good idea as anyone could type any email address into that box and be automatically added to your subscribers list. Not only is this illegal in many countries, but also it will mean that you may end up with a lot of spam subscribers. So do make sure you set up your incentive email. This is also the email you will use if you want to send an opt-in offer.
Edit the email form to say what you want it to say, then go back to the email settings and decide what you want to happen when someone clicks the subscribe button. You have two options: it can send them to a URL or it can automatically download your free opt-in, if you have one.
Finally, you need to grab the code to embed this form into your website. Go to where it says EMBED in the top right. You can either grab Javascript or HTML and paste them into your text editor. Or, if you have WordPress you can download the free plugin and then use the shortcode to paste into your text editor. Alternatively, if you want to share this form as a link use the 'share' option. This can be used on social media, for example.
OK so now you have a form and once pasted into your website, you will start to collect subscribers.
Now you need to send your new subscribers something!
Step 3 How to create a broadcast in ConvertKit (AKA a newsletter!)
A 'Broadcast' is what ConvertKit calls any one off email: for example your newsletter. This is as opposed to a 'Sequence', which is a series of emails: for example your welcome series.
To create a broadcast, go to BROADCASTS at the top of your screen and then click NEW BROADCAST. You then get a 3 step process: Recipients, Content and Preview.
1. Recipients
Just leave this screen alone for now. In the future, when you have got to grips with all the other features of ConvertKit, you can select exactly who gets sent your broadcast from a whole range of options. But assuming you want to send this email to everyone on your list, you can just leave this section well alone and click on NEXT STEP.
2. Content
Now you have a screen that looks just like a blank email.
Simply complete this as you would a normal email. If you want some ideas about what to actually send your subscribers, head over to this post => What to put in your email newsletter
You also have an option to preview what your email will look like over on the right-hand side. BROWSER will open up a preview in a new window on your internet browser. EMAIL will send the preview email to your email account for you to check. When you are happy with the text of your email, click NEXT STEP
3. Preview
Here you will see a preview of your email, as well as options about how you want to send it. You can either opt to send the email immediately or click SCHEDULE to schedule the email to be sent in the future. Alternatively you can click SAVE DRAFT to save it to come back to later.
And that's it! You can now collect email addresses and send your subscribers emails as well as delivering an opt in. But what if you want to create a welcome sequence in ConvertKit?
Step 4: How to create a sequence in ConvertKit
With ConvertKit, you can very easily create a sequence to welcome new subscribers to your email list. Or indeed for any reason you so wish – for example an email course or a sales funnel.
For the purposes of this Beginner's Guide to ConvertKit I will show you how to create a welcome sequence, but it works the same no matter what you want to create a sequence for.
First click on SEQUENCE from the top menu, then click CREATE SEQUENCE. Give your sequence a name (e.g. WELCOME SEQUENCE) and then click CREATE SEQUENCE.
Write your first email in the normal way. But make sure you change WHEN TO SEND to immediately, so your new subscribers will get your welcome series as soon as they sign up. Set the status to PUBLISHED when you've finished (don't worry it won't go anywhere yet).
To add more emails to the sequence, keep clicking on ADD EMAIL. For the remaining emails in the sequence you can leave WHEN TO SEND when to send as 1 DAY, as this means '1 day after the previous email', unless you want to leave a bit more time between each email.
For ideas on what to send, read this post: How to create an automated welcome series for your email list
When you are ready and all your emails in the sequence are set to PUBLISHED, make sure you save your sequence. Then you need to create a simple automation rule to actually send this sequence…
Step 5: How to create an automation in ConvertKit
The visual automation editor is one of the best features of Convertkit. It allows you to set up visual rules and pathways which allow you to determine exactly who gets which emails and when. And because it is visual, it's very easy to understand.
Simply click on AUTOMATIONS in the top menu and then click NEW AUTOMATION over on the right-hand side. Name your automation (It will be called Visual Automation 1 by default) and then click CREATE AUTOMATION.
For our welcome series example, you want to click the JOINS A FORM option and then choose the form you created in step 2 from the drop down list.
Next click ADD EVENT and then the plus sign. Choose 'add a subscriber to… EMAIL SEQUENCE' and choose the sequence you created in step 4 from the drop down list and ADD ACTION.
Finally move the toggle in the top right had corner from PAUSED to LIVE and then your email sequence will go out to everyone who has subscribed using that form.
But wait! Before you do that, read the next bit!!
Now there is one thing that might happen that you don't want to happen and that is everyone who has subscribed using that form will get your welcome sequence. Now that is fine if it's a brand-new form, but what if it's a form you've had on your site for a while? You may not want existing subscribers to all get your welcome series emails.
What you need is to be able to exclude existing subscribers…
Step 6: How to exclude subscribers from an email sequence in ConvertKit
This is super simple. Choose SUBSCRIBERS from the top menu.
On the right you will see the tags section. Click CREATE A TAG and name your tag. Something like EXISTING SUBSCRIBER or GOT WELCOME SERIES.
On the left you will see small checkboxes next to each subscriber's name. Click the one at the top and it will select all the subscribers on that page AND give you an option to select ALL your subscribers. Select that option and then select BULK ACTIONS => TAG and select that tag you just created. All your existing subscribers will now be tagged.
Now go back to SEQUENCES and select that sequence you made in Step 4. Click SETTINGS and scroll down to 'Exclude subscribers from this sequence'. Choose TAGS and select the tag you just created and save. Now all your existing subscribers are excluded from your new welcome series.
Now you can go back to ANIMATIONS and toggle your animation to LIVE.
From now on when anyone new joins your email list they will get your Welcome Series, but none of your existing subscribers will get it.
Step 7: How to create a rule in ConvertKit
A good practise for the future is to tag subscribers whenever they get something – e.g. your welcome series as GOT WELCOME SERIES. That way you have a tag you can quickly and easily exclude or add to an automation or sequence.
You can either do that using AUTOMATIONS. So, go back to your automation and click the plus sign beneath your welcome sequence then choose the TAG option and create a tag that says GOT WELCOME SERIES.
Or you can create a RULE.
To create a rule, go to AUTOMATIONS, but then choose RULES from the top right and select ADD RULE.
Next choose a TRIGGER – for example SUBSCRIBES TO A SEQUENCE and then choose your welcome sequence from the drop-down menu. Then choose an ACTION. In this example choose ADD TAG and create a new tag GOT WELCOME SERIES or select it from the drop-down list if you have already created it.
Now every time someone gets your welcome series they will be automatically tagged with GOT WELCOME SERIES.
You can create a rule for almost anything!!
Phew, if you have got this far: WELL DONE!!!! You have successfully created a form and started collecting subscribers, learnt how to send a newsletter and a welcome sequence, learn how to create visual automations and rules, learnt how to tag a subscriber AND how to exclude a subscriber from a sequence. Give yourself a MASSIVE pat on the back!
And hopefully you will also have got a sense of just how amazing ConvertKit is and how much you can do with it!
And don't forget to sign up for your FREE 14 day trial of ConvertKit here*.
I'd love to know what else you'd like to know about ConvertKit? Let me know in the comments below…
- How to get started with email marketing and get your first subscribers
- What to put in your email newsletter – 11 ideas to really connect with your subscribers!
- How to create an automated welcome sequence for your email list
- How to grow your email list with an opt-in offer
- How to set up an automated email newsletter with ConvertKit
Don't miss a thing!
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subset: commoncrawl


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The John Paul II boys soccer team fell to King's Academy 5-2 Wednesday in the SCISA Class A semi-finals, ending the Golden Warriors season.
Down 2-0 at the half, Sebastian Laverde scored two second half goals for JP II.
The Golden Warriors finished the season 9-9-1 overall, and coach Matt Dakolios noted that a majority of the roster should return in 2019, as 16 of 19 players this season were in grades 8-10.
"I am excited for the future of these men, for this soccer program and for this school," he said.


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This is the May 17 2012 edition of Who's Blogging What, a newsletter that closely monitors 1,100 top web marketing blogs for online professionals involved in social media, search marketing, email, user experience and web analytics. Subscribers are updated with highlights and useful new links every Thursday. If you would like to be kept up to date you may enter your email address in the box at the right.
Bing's Social Sidebar
Apparently there is a lot to like about Microsoft's announcement of a dramatically redesigned and socially enhanced Bing. Social results are featured but are clearly segmented from traditional search results in a gray Sidebar on the far right. Search Engine Land provided a lengthy description of Bing's new features and included data showing that users increasingly preferred Bing's results over Google's in blind tests. PC World provided a shorter 'hands on tour' of the new Bing.
ReadWriteWeb took the lead in listing the reasons that many bloggers feel that Bing has done social search the right way. The Sidebar is designed as a way to discuss and enhance search results as opposed to interfering with them. Bing seems to include results from every social network that it can, including Google+.
There will soon be even more to like. The search function itself is being redesigned to provide semantic results on 'entities' and a new Snapshot universal search feature will provide additional text, images and video that Bing thinks will directly answer the user's questions.
Mobile Marketing:
Three Principles For Success
Download Forrester's report here
Customers and prospects are increasingly connecting via mobile devices, and marketers need to keep up with them for optimal growth. Yet research shows that the majority of interactive marketers are experimenting incorrectly and don't fully understand the difference between the PC and mobile consumer. This report from Forrester explains how marketers at each phase of mobile marketing evolution can craft successful mobile campaigns by hewing to three key principles: immediacy, simplicity, and context. Highlights:
This guide is available
courtesy of Forrester,a global research and advisory firm.
You are receiving this newsletter
because our records indicate that you subscribed to
the web marketing version of Who's Blogging What. If
you wish to be removed from the list please use the
link below. Our customer service is at email@example.com.
We welcome your comments at firstname.lastname@example.com
or via our
web site.
Who's Blogging What ©2012


text: While it's known actively smoking cigarettes has a negative impact on health, this research highlights just how dangerous it is to be around cigarette smoke in any capacity - even if you're not directly inhaling. The results, published in journal Tobacco Control, conclude women who smoke, either directly or passively, could experience the menopause one or two years earlier than those who have never smoked or been around smokers.Current and former smokers showed a 14 per cent greater risk of infertility, while passive smokers who'd been exposed to the highest levels of fumes were 18 per cent more likely to have trouble conceiving. The highest level was set at living with a smoker for 10 or more years as a child, 20 years of living with a partner who smoked at home and 10 years of working with smoking colleagues.There was also a 26 per cent higher risk of going through the menopause before 50 for current or former smokers and the menopause arrived 13 months early for passive smokers.To draw their conclusions, scientists studied data from 79,960 women aged 50 to 79, who'd taken part in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. They'd all experienced a natural menopause, which means they'd had no ovary removal and their periods had stopped for 12 consecutive months.Participants were quizzed on their smoking habits, whether they'd experienced fertility issues and how old they were when they went through the menopause.Smokers were asked about daily cigarette intake, former smokers were asked at what age they'd stopped smoking and for how many years they had the habit, while non-smokers were quizzed on whether they had lived with a smoker or been around any in the workplace."It strengthens the current evidence that all women need to be protected from active and passive tobacco smoke." © Cover Media


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Product was successfully added to your shopping cart.
Raw Vegan Spinach Manicotti by Natalia
Difficulty 5 minutes Serves 8-10
I love raw Italian Food! There are ways to mimic spaghetti, lasagna, ravioli, pizza, you name it
IngredientsFor the Noodles:
4 medium zucchini
2 tablespoons olive oil
For the Spinach & Sunflower Cheese Filling:
2 cups of sunflower seeds (from above)
Soak 2 cups of sunflower seeds in pure water for 4-6 hours. Drain and rinse.
In a separate bowl, soak 2 cups of sundried tomatoes in pure water for 4 hours or longer. Drain
For the Noodles
Cut off both ends of each zucchini. Using a mandoline, slice the zucchini the long way so that you have long, wide noodles. If a mandoline is not available, use a knife, cutting as thinly as possible.
Place in a bowl, drizzle with olive oil and toss very gently.
For the Spinach & Sunflower Cheese Filling
In a high-speed blender, combine sunflower seeds, water, lemon, garlic and salt.
Blend well until smooth. Scrape into a large bowl.
In a food processor, process the spinach and parsley in batches until chopped but not pur


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"Irish" Danny McAloon, a professional boxer from The Bronx who had 45 fights from 1966-81, died Wednesday at age 74 at a hospice in Porter, Maine.
He had been battling Alzheimer's disease, according to his brother, Bill McAloon.
McAloon compiled a record of 29-15-1 with six knockouts. His most notable fights came against Emile Griffith at Madison Square Garden in 1971 and Vito Antuofermo at the Felt Forum in 1973.
McAloon went the distance both times, losing unanimous decisions.
There will be a memorial service in the New York area in September for McAloon, who graduated from All Hallows High School and Manhattan College and worked as a physical education teacher at Browning School before turning pro.
He will be buried in Florida alongside his wife, Diana.
McAloon is survived by three sons (Daniel Kyle, Scott and William), two brothers (Edward and Bill) and six grandchildren.


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I love old photos, whether they are portraits of my ancestors or historical photos for the period when they lived. And it is important to a complete research that one attempts to understand the environment that surrounds our ancestors' lives if one wants to truly appreciate what they went through.
So where can they be found? Obviously the best resource is our own photo albums and those that our relatives possess. But what about other resources? Many archives, historical societies, libraries and genealogical societies have collections of old photos. And in the past few years there has been a massive movement towards making these historical photo collections available online. Some have search capabilities where you can actually put in a surname or a location, name of a building or historical event and find what is available.
For the state of New Jersey what collections are available for you to browse and/or search online? Here is a list of sites to start with. Please feel free to add in the comments other online resources that you might be aware of in the state.
Please be aware that there may be very strict rules regarding downloading or other use of the images that you may find. Copyright and other legal protections may be in force. Make sure that you read the limitations of use for any image that you find in these collections and wish to download and/or copy. It is your responsibility to adhere to the rules for all of these collections.
Please note that links to these sites may change in the future. The author (me) will not be constantly checking and updating these links, so if you find a broken link, please use your favorite search engine to locate the new link.
(Updated October, 2019; recently added links are in BOLD)
- Atlantic County Photographs
- Bayshore Center at Bivalve - Port Norris
- Bernardsville Public Library - Crater Photo Collection
- Bloomfield Historic Photos
- Bordentown Historical Images
- Camden County Historic Photos
- Camden Old Historic Photos
- Chester Postcards
- Courier News Photograph Archive
- Englewood Photos and Postcards
- Franklin Township Public Library - Somerset
- Historic Images of Burlington County
- Historic Images of Hunterdon County
- Historic New Jersey Photos
- Historical Society of Princeton - Princeton
- Hoboken Historical Museum - Hoboken
- Hoboken Images
- Hunterdon County Historical Society - Flemington
- Images of Early 20th Century Morristown
- Landing, New Jersey Historical Photos
- Leonia Public Library - Local History Collection - Leonia
- Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog
- Long Branch Historic Views
- Mercer County Vintage Postcards
- Montclair Online Photo Collection
- Montclair Photo Collections
- Moorestown Historic Photographs
- National Archives - Digital Photograph Collections
- New Brunswick Area Photo Collections
- New Jersey Ancient Faces
- New Jersey Dead Fred
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture Photographs
- New Jersey Department of State Image Collections
- New Jersey Digital Highway - Images
- New Jersey Historic Photos
- New Jersey National Guard Photograph Collection
- New Jersey Old Family Photos
- New Jersey Writers' Project Photograph Collection, ca. 1935 - 1942
- New Jersey, Portraits of Civil War Soldiers
- Newark Public Library Photo Collections
- North Bergen Old and New Photos
- North Jersey History & Genealogy Center Digital Collections
- Old Collingswood
- Old Newark Photos
- Plainfield Public Library Guillermo Thorn Photograph Collection
- Plainfield Public Library Historical Photograph Collection
- Plainfield Public Library Lloyd Grimstead Photograph Collection
- Plainfield Public Library Paul R. Collier Photograph Collection
- Plainfield Public Library Vintage Postcard Collection
- Point Pleasant Historic Images
- Ridgewood Public Library - Ridgewood
- Smithsonian Images
- South Jersey Historic Photos
- Trenton Old and New
- Union Township Historical Society Photos
- Vintage East Brunswick Photos
- Vintage Jersey City
- Vintage Mount Holly 1920s
- Vintage Passaic County Photos
- West Jersey Post Card Images
- Whitesbog Preservation Trust - Browns Mill
For historic photos from other states as well as articles about photo research, please visit the Photos page.
Good Luck and Happy Hunting!


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Port of Venice offers international ferry connections to Greece and Croatia
(Istria and Kvarner bay). There are no ferry connections between Venice
and Dalmatian region (Zadar, Split, Hvar, Brac, Korcula,
If travelling from Adriatic port of Venice to Croatia there are Venezia Lines catamarans sailing to Croatia ports of Rovinj, Porec, Pula and Umag.
All ports are located on the western coast of Istrian peninsula. This service is convenient for tourists staying in Croatia and wishing to visit Venice on a day trip. Another company running ferries between Venice and Istria is Atlas Kompas.
The fastest way of travelling from Venice to Split is by plane. The Spanish low cost airline Volotea operates flights between these two cities from end of April until beginning of October. The flights are available 4 times a week.
For travelling from Venice to Dubrovnik you have choose from three different companies operating flights on this route.
Croatia Airlines start their flights in May and terminates in mid-October with twice a week frequency.
Spanish low-cost airline Volotea operates 3 flights a week from mid-April until beginning of October. Easyjet operates flights three times a week starting from end of June until beginning of September.
Home > Italy To Croatia Ferries > Venice To Croatia Ferry Info


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— Belonging. Believing. Becoming.
Our vision for Youth Ministry is that every youth finds their place. We believe that every youth is uniquely gifted and created by God to hear God, experience God and serve God in their own way. This isn't a one-size-fits-all Youth Ministry. It's our honor to guide them as they discover for themselves the fullness of life in God's love.


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MLS # 5912360 | Listed by Sterling Fine Properties
MLS # 5912360 | Listed by Sterling Fine Properties
2 Biltmore Estate 2 101 is a $20,000, 2,875 square foot, 3 bedroom, 3.5 bath home on a 0.07 acre lot located in Phoenix, AZ.
Three master suites in this incredible home location within the gates of the Arizona Biltmore Hotel, and golf courses. Minutes away from superb restaurants and all that Scottsdale offers. Secure, private, extraordinary. Just underwent total update - top of the line appliances. Views Views Views. Outside seating patio with fireplace and heaters in winter (ha!), BBQ weather year round. The property has swimming pool/spa facilities together with a full workout room. Discounts apply for stays of 14 days or more..check with agent or agent's rep.
|Interior Features
Breakfast Bar
Breakfast Room
Dining in LR/GR
Eat-in Kitchen
Formal Dining
Vaulted Ceiling(s)
Wet Bar(s)
Stone Floor
Wood Floor
Cook Top Gas
Built-in Microwave
Dryer Included
Washer Included
2 Master Baths
Double Sinks
Full Bth Master Bdrm
Separate Shwr & Tub
Private Toilet Room
Family Room
Great Room
Rental - Furnished
Master Bathroom - Walk-in Shower
Master Bed Size - King
Library-Blt-in Bkcse
Energy Star
|Fireplace Types
1 Fireplace
Exterior Fireplace
|Cooling Types
|Heating Types
Electric Heat
|Exterior Features
Community Only Pool
In HOA
Community Pool Htd
Community Spa Htd
Gated Community
Golf Course
Clubhouse/Rec Room
Workout Facility
Rent Includes - Electric
Rent Includes - Gas
Rent Includes - Water
Rent Includes - Sewer
Rent Includes - Garbage Collection
Rent Includes - Linen
Rent Includes - Dishes
Rent Includes - Repairs
Rent Includes - Cable TV
Rent Includes - Pool Service - Full
Rent Includes - Pool Service - Chemicals Only
Rent Includes - Gardening Service
Rent Includes - Pest Control Service
Rent Includes - Rental Tax
Rent Includes - Internet Access
View/Wrought Iron Fence
No Pool
City Light View(s)
Golf Course Lot
Mountain View(s)
None Spa
HighSpd Intrnt Aval
Pre-Wire Sat Dish
Pets - Lessor Approval
SW Gas
Partial Tile
|Construction Types
Brick Trim/Veneer
Frame - Wood
|Water Source
City Water
Sewer - Public
|Property Type
Family-Less Than 1/2 Acre
All on One Level
Style 65
|Year Built
|HOA Fee
|School District
038 - madison elementary district
|Elementary School
madison elementary school
|Middle School
madison elementary school
|High School
camelback high school
Two Biltmore Estates 2nd Amd
All information should be verified by the recipient and none is guaranteed as accurate by ARMLS. Data last updated 01/28/2020 at 07:03am MST. The data relating to real estate on this website derived in part from the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. Internet Data Exchange program. All properties are subject to prior sale, change or withdrawal. Neither Realty One Group nor any listing broker shall be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, or misprints, and they shall be held totally harmless from any damages arising from reliance upon this data. This data is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties they may be interested in purchasing. © 2020 Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Maintenance of 3D Printer - Base Fee (SLA)
We offer maintenance of SLA 3D printers (for maintenance of SLA 3D printer, click here).
This base fee includes examination and test drive of the 3D printer, as well as shipping of the 3D printer within Sweden. The base fee is based on the weight class of the 3D printer. The cost of maintenance action(s) will be added. If you know what type of maintenance is needed, you can prepay the maintenance action(s) by adding both the base fee (this product) as well as the maintenance action(s) (see the recommended accessories below the add to cart button) to your cart. Please note that we will not start the reparation before the base fee has been paid. if you do not know what type of maintenance is needed, all you need to do is to add the base fee (this product) to the cart. Then we will contact you with suggested maintenance actions as soon as we have examined your 3D printer. Then you will also get a quote.
NOTE! Please print out your order confirmation and attach it with the 3D printer when you send it to us. Otherwise the maintenance may be delayed.
Maintenance actions – SLA 3D Printers (purchased separately)
The cost of the spare part(s) that needs to be changed during the maintenance will be charged separately after examination.
If you have any questions regarding maintenance of your 3D printer, please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com with as much information as possible (attach images or video clips describing the problem you're experiencing if possible).


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POP BITS. She's got fame, she's got glamour, she's got a left hook to rival Amir Khan, and it turns out that Muppets diva and star extraordinaire Miss Piggy does now literally have everything a girl could ask for – namely a personalised V-Day message from Robbie Williams.
The singing hunk sent a video message to the "beautiful, talented and sexy" Piggy, although it was soon revealed to be a ploy by Kermit, Piggy's on-off love. Awww. Just saying, Robbie, we'd take a message like that from you any time of the year. Hint hint. POP BITS OUT.
Kermit and Miss Piggy's latest movie, 'Muppets Most Wanted', is out on March 28th in the UK. Check out the hilarious trailer below.


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Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier
- Free WiFi and free parking
- Collect nights
Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrierfrom €102
- Room, 1 King Bed
- Two double beds
- 1 King Bed With Whirlpool
- Suite
- Room, Accessible
- Room, Accessible
- Suite, Accessible
- Room, 1 King Bed (With Drinks-Snacks)
- Room, 2 Double Beds (With Drinks-Snacks)
More great choices
What's around Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier
- In Greenbrier East
- Greenbrier Mall - 13 min walk
- Chesapeake City Park - 2.7 mi / 4.3 km
- Oak Grove Lake Park - 2.7 mi / 4.3 km
- Norfolk Premium Outlets - 8.6 mi / 13.9 km
- Chesapeake Conference Center - 1.7 mi / 2.7 km
- Chesapeake Arboretum - 4.4 mi / 7.1 km
- Regent University - 4.6 mi / 7.4 km
Getting around
- Norfolk, VA (ORF-Norfolk Intl.) - 14 min drive
- Newport News, VA (PHF-Newport News - Williamsburg Intl.) - 43 min drive
- Norfolk Station - 14 min drive
- Free airport shuttle
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 92 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 4 floors
- Check-in time 4 PM-2:00 AM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-out
Required at check-in
- Credit card required for incidental charges
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in rooms
- Free airport shuttle (available 24 hours)
- Free self parking
Payment types at the property
- Cash
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
- Full breakfast (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Golfing nearby
- Business center
- Meeting rooms
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built - 2003
- Elevator
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
- Wheelchair-accessible path of travel
- Wheelchair-accessible parking
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Pillowtop mattress
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 42-inch flat-screen TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Recommended hotels
Special features
DiningGreat American Grill - This restaurant serves breakfast and dinner.
Garden Grille - This restaurant specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier's small print
Also known as
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake Hotel Chesapeake
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Hotel
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Chesapeake
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Hotel Chesapeake
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Chesapeake
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Hotel
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake/Greenbrier Hotel Chesapeake
- Chesapeake Hilton Garden Inn
- Hilton Chesapeake
- Hilton Garden Inn Chesapeake Hotel Chesapeake
- Hilton Chesapeake
- Chesapeake Hilton Garden Inn
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
We have included all charges provided to us by this property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the unit you book.
Recent reviews
Good 7.6 From 146 reviews
Check in was good,breakfast good services from the cook server and manager.
A peaceful, wonderful stay. Comfy. Breakfast a little pricy.
The area in which the hotel is located is perfect for a bit to eat and shopping. As we arrived and waited to be checked in we had some of their delicious cookies, so it started of great. Then the front clerk right off the bait had an attitude. She talked to myself and my husband like we were stupid. Fortunately for the clerk I was to exhausted to complain to her manager. As we walked in our room that we paid over $200 for to my surprise looked like something from a motel. The king bed was as hard as a rock, NOT PLUSH AS advertised, so false advertisement!!! I called down for a rollaway bed and was told the rollaway beds were all checked out, ANOTHER DISAPPOINTMENT! As I went into the shower, hair was on the wall and sink on top of the toilet being lopsided and the air unit was clunky. When I checked out in the morning I was asked how my stay was by another clerk standing by the rude clerk who check us in originally, and I explained my complaints and all I was told was she was sorry about that, and the rude clerk rolled her eyes and looked away. I highly recommend you don't stay there and save your money for a hotel that values their customers. This place was a joke and I will never waste my money there again!! This place needs actual respectful employees.
The hotel was wonderful for our family reunion they was wonderful hostesses. The rooms was clean and comfortable
No complaints!
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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Additional information
|1.09 lbs
|2.25 × 2.25 × 10.25 in
Get exclusive deals from Dr. Sinatra Subscribe Now!
Olives cold-pressed with habanero peppers
No synthetic pesticides
California olive oil
VERY hot and spicy!
– or save 5% with autoship!
69 in stock
8.45fl oz (250ml)
If you like SPICY – and I mean mouth-on-FIRE-hot – you'll love this habanero flavored olive oil!
Not to be confused with your everyday infused chili oil, this gourmet habanero hot sauce is made the "fused" or "crushed" way – by cold-pressing fresh habanero peppers with fresh olives during the olive crush. The result is an intense and immediate fusion of authentic flavors…extreme heat and spice in the form of luscious olive oil. To boot, the olives and habaneros are grown sustainably, without synthetic pesticides. No shortcuts, artificial flavors, preservatives, or toxic chemicals here… just a premium, really hot habanero hot sauce made with cold-pressed olive oil.
Habanero Hot Sauce Uses
Featured recipe: Habanero Honey Chicken Tenders
When I need a serious spicy fix, I very conservatively drizzle (a little goes a long way) this hot chili oil over:
If you like really hot hot sauce, this habanero chili oil is the go-to seasoning you've been looking for to liven up chicken, burgers, eggs, tacos, rice and beans, soups, veggies, salsas, bloody marys, and more. I think it's the best hot sauce ever, and once you discover it's powerful kick, you might just never leave home without it!
|1.09 lbs
|2.25 × 2.25 × 10.25 in


text:
63.009 Pyrausta nigrata
ws: 14-17mm; bivoltine jun-Jul, Sep-Oct; wild thyme (Thymus polytrichus), marjoram (Origanum vulgare), corn mint (Mentha arvensis); local on downland in S.England and Cumbria (and since the only one I have seen was in my garden also in an urban area on clay soil on the Thames Estuary!)
ID: P.cingulata is also blackish but its creamy white postmedian line is straight or somewhat curved and not angulate as in P.nigrata. The all white cilia distinguish both these Pyrausta species from several somewhat similar rare migrants.
Male genitalia
§1 Westcliff-on-sea, Essex; 20/07/2010; fw 8.0mm
All images © Chris Lewis
All images © Chris Lewis
Page published 18/02/2012 (§1)


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|Bullialdus lunar crater. 17 July 2013, 22:00-22:28 LT
The illuminated part of the floor of the crater is generally rough with many low rises. In the center of the crater is a formation of several peaks and rises that climb to over a kilometer in height. The sketch shows this prominent peak that comes out of the surrounding shadow simply because of its height.
Klima et al., (2013) showed how the central peak of Bullialdus Crater is significantly enhanced in hydroxyl relative to its surroundings. This is indicative that the peak originated from deep down below the crater as result of the immense impact pressure and heat.
Two smaller but notable craters lie just to the south of the main crater. Bullialdus A lies just to the south-west of Bullialdus, within its ramparts. To the south of Bullialdus A is the slightly smaller Bullialdus B.To the Southwest is the conspicuous but smaller lunar crater Konig. Its shadow suggests a tapering side wall towards the northwest.
R. Klima, J. Cahill, J. Hagerty, D. Lawrence (2013). Remote detection of magmatic water in Bullialdus Crater on the Moon. Nature Geoscience 6, 737–741 (2013) doi:10.1038/ngeo1909


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Promotion Mix
Developing Effective communication
Identify the target audience
Our main target audience are young adult age from 20-34 years old, they are either working or schooling. There are other groups which are not our main focus for example children. Children actually can influence their parents the cereals that they will want to have. We will still have to look into the population in a whole.
Our main target audience are young adults aging from 18-36 years old, young families and pet owners.. We must note that there are other groups which are not our main focus that may also be interested in our serivce, for example children, who do not make the buying decision, tend to influence their parents on which airline to fly on. Therefore, we will still have to look into the population in a whole.
Determining communication objectives and message
As targeted audience are mostly aware of competitor's brand KELLOGGS brand recognition for POST cereal is generally lacking.
As cereal consumption increases the message will focus less on the awareness but more on knowledge and liking of the product by tying the product with bundled promotion giving the consumers a better value for price option compared to other brands
Tiger airways is not a new airline , therefore in singapore most of the people are aware about it and the knowledge of Tiger Airways. Therefore, the message will focus lesser on increasing awareness, mainly more on building up preference and convincing target audience, which will lead to the purchasing of tiger airways ticket with the help of actions such as offering promotions and premiums.
Design the message
The message content would be informing consumers of the benefits our product offer eg nutrition and delicious yet affordable. This would serve as the rational appeal to the consumers.
On an emotional level, we seek to associate POST cereal as being a family cereal where the young and the old can enjoy.
The message structure is presented by a one sided argument where we tell the consumers the strength of our product and convince the consumers to purchase our cereals. With every box of POST cereal consume, stand a chance to win the latest IPAD 2
Firstly the message have to be easy to understand to the benefit of all audience and also eye catching in order to capture attentions from the audience. As for message contents, rational appeals are used . Providing positive information with one sided argument to the audience about the strengths and desired benefits of Tiger Airways will encourage and convince potential constomer into purchasing air ticket. For example in one of Tiger Airways advertisment, a message create interest : "Tiger Airways is giving away 20,000 FREE seats! You only have to pay taxes and you're all set to go on the holiday you so deserve"
Choosing Media
Communication Channels
We are using personal and nonpersonal communication channels. The 4 nonpersonal channels to reach out to our target market are internet, billboard, magazines and newspapers while the personal channel is through personal selling.
Selecting the message
We can get Vincent Ng to promote Post Selects as he has the healthy image. Using either celebrities or athletes will enhance the product image allowing the consumers to believe that eating cereals is healthy and beneficial to their health. The message bring across will be reliable and convincing.
Having celebrities, professionals, athletes with healthy image to promote will make the message sound more credible and persuasive. Apporaching Felicia Chin ,a local popular celebrities with a healthy image, to promote Tiger Airways will atttracts audience to look at Tiger Airways advertisement and know more about Tiger Airways and it's promotions.
POST Selects Overall Promotion Mix
Due to the growing web base businesses the internet can be a great way channel of distribution. We are planning of using Groupon, a...
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Monday, October 31, 2016
Sunday, October 30, 2016
Happy Diwali (2016)!
Wednesday, October 26, 2016
Tuesday, October 25, 2016
A gem - Selfie video by Kabir
I bought a new phone recently and Kabir (who happens to be a gadget freak) has apparently been testing out its features. I found this video on my phone. Looks like someone had been testing the phone's selfie-video capabilities. :-)
Posted by Pooja at 1:51 AM No comments:
Labels: videos
Sunday, October 16, 2016
Saturday morning
Posted by Pooja at 10:25 AM No comments:
Labels: sports
We made a short weekend trip to Matheran last weekend to celebrate nana's 64th birthday. The stay at the MTDC resort was nice. The weather was lovely and we enjoyed the long treks and the horse ride. The trip, however, seemed too short and rushed, and a bit of a disappointment after last month's trip to Alibaug. Alibaug has now set a new benchmark for weekend trips and it looks unlikely that we will plan another visit to Matheran anytime soon!
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Did you know that more than 56 million (and counting) new posts are posted using Wordpress every, single month? Even more astounding is that more than 409 million people are reading these posts.
We've recently added a new embed shortcode in the Taskflow Designer to help you quickly embed your Kotive Taskflows inside your Wordpress pages and posts.
What is a shortcode?
If you're not yet familiar with it, a shortcode is a WordPress-specific code that lets you do nifty things with very little effort. With our shortcode you can embed Taskflows that would normally require lots of complicated, ugly code in just one line. Shortcode = shortcut.
How to use the Kotive Taskflow Shortcode for Wordpress
The first step is to install the Kotive Taskflow Shortcode plugin on your Wordpress website or blog.
Search for Kotive Taskflow Shortcode from the admin area of your WordPress site in Plugins > Add New.
For manual installation: download the plugin, copy the folder "kotive-taskflow-shortcode" into the /wp-content/plugins/ folder. Then go to the Plugins area of the Admin and activate.
Step two is to go to the Kotive Designer where you have designed your taskflows.
Select the Taskflow you want to embed in Wordpress. Remember to make sure that the first task has been published. Then click on the "Taskflow Settings" button. Scroll down to "Wordpress shortcode plugin" where you will see the shortcode.
We have pre-filled the shortcode with the correct secret codes so you can just copy it, switch to your Wordpress site and paste it in your page or post. Publish. Done.
Let us know in the comments if you have any suggestions or comments. We're keen to make this work for you!Found this post useful? Help us spread the word...
Run taskflows inside Wordpress in 2 simple steps #wordpress


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Quilpie's 'End of the Line'
Attraction Details
Location: Brolga Street, Quilpie, QLD
Location: Brolga Street, Quilpie, QLD
About Quilpie's 'End of the Line'
Quilpie is the 'End of the Railway Line' or the beginning …… depending on how you want to look at things. The Western Railway line reached Quilpie in 1917. At the "end of the Line' you will read about the construction of the railway and see great historical photos. Get your photo taken on board a cattle wagon.


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Golf Sponsorship
Your support at the Mel Trotter Ministries Annual Golf Event ensures that men, women, and children are rescued from the streets and more lives are restored through faith, jobs and housing.
Have questions about sponsoring the Mel Trotter Ministries Golf Event? Contact Rhonda VanDyk at or 616-588-8753.
For more details on each sponsorship level please click here.


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The "garden gals" got together to work in Amy's yard in late June. Lucky for Amy there were 9 ladies working and so we got a LOT of work done. We weeded and wacked away at some stuff that had grown too tall.
Some of her perennials were in bloom, but flopping over because the flowers were too heavy for the stems. So, a tip to remember on perennials- if you need your perennials to bloom at a shorter height, then prune them before they produce flower buds and you will get a shorter bloomer without the flop!
Also, when your perennials are finished blooming, don't be afraid to cut them down. Many can be cut all the way to the ground or their lowest leaves. This removes the scraggly looking stems and flowers and the plant will produce new leaves and some even will rebloom before fall- like salvias, and catmint.
Here are a few photos of Amy's beautiful yard and some of the garden gals at work.
The lower part of Amy's garden contains her vegetable beds and many fruit trees. What a beautiful and abundant yard! Thanks Amy!


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By John Galt
July 19, 2011
Think the alleged "conservatives" have heard the voice of the Tea Party crowd yet? When one watches these two videos (h/t Time magazine, ugh) it does not take rocket science to realize that the entire Cut, Cap, Crap, and Imbalance debate is more of a charade to provide more cover for their pork versus the Democommies' pork. Watch these two videos from YouTube as the Congress piglets attempt to defend the pork in their districts by demanding that 30 year old technology which is antiquated at best, an example of trying to save the buggy whip industry to defend our nation at worst.
First up, Congressman Randy Neugebaeur (R-TX):
And then Congresswoman Kristi Noem (R-SD):
Let's review the reasons to keep these bombers:
1. The Pentagon and President want to remove a grand total of six from service.
2. Both Congresscritters have bases with B-1's in their district so that makes them crucial for our national security.
The reality? This was an amendment added to the Cut,Cap, and Balance bill passed by the House of Representatives tonight. When I have time in the wee hours, I'm sure I can find some other pork gems buried inside of it, but it just goes to prove that the majority of Republicans are not serious about stopping the out of control frenzy or regular passage of Porkulus acts on Capitol Hill. The one man who is the front man for this issue, Congressman Paul Ryan (R-WI) based his entire program on the fallacy of the Congressional Budget Offices calculations where their GDP and budgetary estimates for any period outside of one year or less are missed by upwards of 37% to 137% per month as the decade moves forward. Add in the fact that Congressman Ryan nor any other Republican politician shows the testicular fortitude to call for the elimination of any pet projects in their districts or the eradication of unnecessary and in some cases extra-Constitutional cabinet level and government offices with authority outside of the Founder's original plan, and the cowardice to address the American people with the severity of this crisis reeks like Greek theater; minus the rioters throwing Molotov cocktails on the streets of D.C.
Only one Representative spoke frankly with a serious evaluation of the Cut,Cap, and Crap Act which just passed and his honesty in Congress will be sorely missed. I present to you Congressman Ron Paul's statement from his website:
Statement on the Cut, Cap and Balance Act
Mr. Speaker, I rise to speak against HR 2560, the Cut, Cap, and Balance Act. This bill only serves to sanction the status quo by putting forth a $1 trillion budget deficit and authorizing a $2.4 trillion increase in the debt limit.
When I say this bill sanctions the status quo, I mean it quite literally.
First, it purports to eventually balance the budget without cutting military spending, Social Security, or Medicare. This is impossible. These three budget items already cost nearly $1 trillion apiece annually. This means we can cut every other area of federal spending to zero and still have a $3 trillion budget. Since annual federal tax revenues almost certainly will not exceed $2.5 trillion for several years, this Act cannot balance the budget under any plausible scenario.
Second, it further entrenches the ludicrous beltway concept of discretionary vs. nondiscretionary spending. America faces a fiscal crisis, and we must seize the opportunity once and for all to slay Washington's sacred cows– including defense contractors and entitlements. All spending must be deemed discretionary and reexamined by Congress each year. To allow otherwise is pure cowardice.
Third, the Act applies the nonsensical narrative about a "Global War on Terror" to justify exceptions to its spending caps. Since this war is undeclared, has no definite enemies, no clear objectives, and no metric to determine victory, it is by definition endless. Congress will never balance the budget until we reject the concept of endless wars.
Finally, and most egregiously, this Act ignores the real issue: total spending by government. As Milton Friedman famously argued, what we really need is a constitutional amendment to limit taxes and spending, not simply to balance the budget. What we need is a dramatically smaller federal government; if we achieve this a balanced budget will take care of itself.
We do need to cut spending, and by a significant amount. Going back to 2008 levels of spending is not enough. We need to cut back at least to where spending was a decade ago. A recent news article stated that we pay 35 percent more for our military today than we did 10 years ago, for the exact same capabilities. The same could be said for the rest of the government. Why has our budget doubled in 10 years? This country doesn't have double the population, or double the land area, or double anything that would require the federal government to grow by such an obscene amount.
We need to cap spending, and then continue decreasing that cap so that the federal government grows smaller and smaller. Allowing government to spend up to a certain percentage of GDP is insufficient. It doesn't matter that the recent historical average of government outlays is 18 percent of GDP, because in recent history the government has way overstepped its constitutional mandates. All we need to know about spending caps is that they need to decrease year after year.
We need to balance the budget, but a balanced budget amendment by itself will not do the trick. A $4 trillion balanced budget is most certainly worse than a $2 trillion unbalanced budget. Again, we should focus on the total size of the budget more than outlays vs. revenues.
What we have been asked to do here is support a budget that only cuts relative to the President's proposed budget. It still maintains a $1 trillion budget deficit for FY 2012, and spends even more money over the next 10 years than the Paul Ryan budget which already passed the House.
By capping spending at a certain constant percentage of GDP, it allows for federal spending to continue to grow. Tying spending to GDP creates an incentive to manipulate the GDP figure, especially since the bill delegates the calculation of this figure to the Office of Management and Budget, an agency which is responsible to the President and not to Congress. In the worst case, it would even reward further inflation of the money supply, as increases in nominal GDP through pure inflation would allow for larger federal budgets.
Finally, this bill authorizes a $2.4 trillion rise in the debt limit. I have never voted for a debt ceiling increase and I never will. Increasing the debt ceiling is an endorsement of business as usual in Washington. It delays the inevitable, the day that one day will come when we cannot continue to run up enormous deficits and will be forced to pay our bills.
In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, while I sympathize with the aims of this bill's sponsors, I must vote against HR 2560. It is my hope, however, that the looming debt ceiling deadline and the discussion surrounding the budget will further motivate us to consider legislation in the near future that will make meaningful cuts and long-lasting reforms.


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This guide explains how to edit an existing supplier from the contact menu, however, you can also edit a supplier on the fly when creating an invoice or explaining a transaction.
Step 1.
Navigate to the Contacts > Suppliers menu.
Step 2.
Click on the Edit contact link next to the supplier's name.
For additional help, click here to view all our training options.
Technical support is available on Monday to Friday from 9 - 5. You can call us on 0203 475 4744 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Alternatively, visit our Community to view our latest news & updates, raise new ideas, find answers to common problems, ask new queries and speak to other Clear Books users and employees.


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As an employer, you obviously want to ensure that you are hiring quality people who will do their best to represent your organization well. While you want to trust everything that a prospective employee writes for you on their application, but history tells us that this does not always happen. You have the right to know more, and you have an obligation to protect your company as well. This is why you will want to conduct a social security number trace on any applicant who you are considering for hire. Here are two reasons why this is the case.
Detailed Criminal Records
Many people run a criminal records check based on name alone, but this does not tell you the entire story. It is important to use a social security number because this reveals to you names and aliases that the applicant may have never even told you about. When you conduct this trace, you might discover a criminal history that is rather concerning to you and would give you pause before hiring the individual. On the other hand, a clean check will be that added assurance that you are making the right hiring decision after all.
Incorrect Social Security Number
When you conduct this trace, you might discover that an applicant gave you the social security number of somebody else that they know. This might be an honest mistake, but more often than not it is because they were trying to hide something from their past. When the wrong number is used, you will be able to tell based on this report because the information that is returned to you will not line up with what they have told you. This would obviously be a cause for concern and something that you want to know about.
These two reasons illustrate why you will want to conduct a trace on the social security number of any individual you are thinking about hiring. It is the responsible thing to do. You want to know that you have done what you can to hire the best person for the job in the end.


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D.C. United 2019 season preview: Roster, projected lineup, schedule, national TV and more
It's the oldest of sports clichés, but 2018 really was the proverbial tale of two seasons for D.C. United.
The first half of the season featured a seemingly never-ending road trip while the team's new home, Audi Field, was under construction. At midseason, United had played just three home games – all at temporary venues – and was in last place.
But in July, everything changed. Audi Field finally opened and on the night the club christened its new home, it also marked the debut of the most high-profile signing in team history, Wayne Rooney.
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- Pushovers? Arteta's Arsenal rip up the script with dramatic draw at Chelsea
Rooney's introduction, combined with the team's extended run of home matches to close the season, was transformative. The veteran striker scored 12 goals in 20 games, forming a deadly partnership with Luciano Acosta and helping United to a huge turnaround that culminated in a playoff berth.
Though United was eliminated in the knockout round at the hands of Columbus, optimism surrounding the club is at a level that hasn't been experienced in several years.
With expectations so high, what can United do for an encore in 2019?
How did D.C. United perform in 2018?
2018 finish: Fourth in the Eastern Conference (14-11-9), lost to Columbus in knockout round of playoffs.
Unsurprisingly, United struggled in the first half of the season before rebounding with a long stretch of games at newly-opened Audi Field to close the season. Ben Olsen's side was 1-9-7 on the road in 2018, but 13-2-2 at home.
D.C. United's key offseason losses
Nick DeLeon has joined Toronto FC after serving DCU well for seven seasons. Darren Mattocks had a career year at forward in his first season with the club, but Rooney's arrival pushed him to the bench and the Jamaican has departed, leaving United thin at striker.
Kofi Opare has also left after becoming a valuable backup and spot-starter at center back. Meanwhile, Yamil Asad's status is still up in the air after the Argentine was a key member of the team's attack while on loan in 2018. United wants to bring him back, but there have been complications in talks with Asad's parent club Velez Sarsfield.
Ian Harkes had a promising rookie campaign in 2017 but fell out of the picture last season and has joined Scottish side Dundee United.
D.C. United's key offseason additions
Big things are expected from United's two offseason arrivals from Argentina, both of whom are joining on season-long loans. Lucas Rodríguez is a highly regarded attacking midfielder with recent experience with Argentina's U-20 side. Leonardo Jara, meanwhile, joins after developing into a starter for Argentine power Boca Juniors, and is expected to fill United's need at right back.
United landed Chris McCann after he was waved by Atlanta United. The Irishman will provide depth at left back and left midfield. Quincy Amarikwa is expected to sign as a free agent to back up Wayne Rooney, but his deal has yet to be made official.
Forward Antonio Bustamante and defender Donovan Pines have signed as homegrown players. The club has especially high hopes for Pines, a 6-foot-5 center back who could factor in as a starter sooner rather than later.
First-round draft pick Akeem Ward is expected to provide depth at the fullback position, an area where United is not especially deep.
Full D.C. United roster entering 2019 season
Goalkeepers: Earl Edwards Jr., Bill Hamid, Chris Seitz
Defenders: Steve Birnbaum, Frederic Brillant, Oniel Fisher, Donovan Pines, Chris McCann, Akeem Ward, Joseph Mora, Chris Odoi-Atsem, Jalen Robinson, Leonardo Jara
Midfielders: Luciano Acosta, Paul Arriola, Russell Canouse, Junior Moreno, Ulises Segura, Zoltan Stieber, Lucas Rodriguez
Forwards: Wayne Rooney, Antonio Bustamante
D.C. United's projected starting lineup
Olsen switched to a formation that used two defensive midfielders midway through 2018, and that shift paid immediate dividends for United. Russell Canouse and Junior Moreno formed an effective partnership at defensive midfield, though highly rated youngster Chris Durkin will continue to see his share of minutes.
At the back, the team has been looking for an upgrade on Frederic Brillant to partner with Steve Birnbaum at center back. With such an option yet to materialize, the Frenchman is set to keep his starting job for at least the start of the season.
Acquiring Jara will allow United to deploy Paul Arriola further up the field as a right winger, but the U.S. international has shown he is also able to fill in as an attacking right back. Rodriguez is expected to start, but will be pushed by Zoltan Stieber and Ulises Segura, who has also been deployed as a makeshift striker in preseason as the team looks for backup options for Rooney.
D.C. United's national TV coverage
- D.C. United vs. Atlanta United - Sunday, March 3, at 6 p.m. ET on ESPN
- Orlando City vs. D.C. United - Sunday, March 31 at 6:30 p.m. ET on FS1
- D.C. United vs. Los Angeles FC - Saturday, April 6 at 3 p.m. ET on Fox
- D.C. United vs. New York City FC - Sunday, April 21 at 4 p.m. ET on ESPN
- Minnesota United vs. D.C. United - Sunday, April 28 at 1:30 p.m. ET on FS1
- D.C. United vs. Sporting Kansas City - Sunday, May 12 at 7 p.m. ET on FS1
- D.C. United vs. New England Revolution - Friday, July 12 at 7 p.m. ET on ESPN
- FC Cincinnati vs. D.C. United - Thursday, July 18 at 8 p.m. ET on ESPN
- Atlanta United vs. D.C. United - Sunday, July 21 at 4 p.m. ET on ESPN
- D.C. United vs. Philadelphia Union - Sunday, August 4 at 7:30 p.m. ET on FS1
- D.C. United vs. LA Galaxy - Sunday, August 11 at 7:30 p.m. ET on FS1
- D.C. United vs. New York Red Bulls - Wednesday, August 21 at 8 p.m. ET on UniMas
- Portland Timbers vs. D.C. United - Sunday, September 15 at 7:30 p.m. ET on FS1


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NCB Marking Equipment has worked closely with the pharmaceutical industry for many years, supplying embossing and debossing type for identification of tablet packing.
Our understanding that a high quality product alongside an impeccable customer service and efficient delivery is of upmost importance to these sectors. Our debossing type and dies are manufactured in both brass and hardened steel and are used for debossing packaging. We can supply both standard designs as well as special styles and typefaces made to order in many different character heights.