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Boardman, Carl P.; Gauci, Vincent; Fox, Andrew; Blake, Stephen and Beerling, David J.
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Variations to the global wetland CH4 source strength in response to changes in orbital insolation patterns and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]a) are hypothesized to play an important role in determining glacial-interglacial variations in atmospheric CH4 concentration ([CH4]a). Here the interactive effects of temperature, a major controlling variable determining wetland CH4 flux, and the low [CO2]a of glacial intervals are investigated for the first time. We measured the temperature dependence of CH4 emissions from replicated mesocosms (n = 8 per CO2 treatment) collected from a minerotrophic fen and an ombrotrophic bog incubated in either ambient (c. 400 ppm) or glacial (c. 200 ppm) [CO2]a located in the United Kingdom. CH4 fluxes were measured at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C and then in reverse order over a 20 day period under each [CO2]a treatment. Results showed that the Q10 temperature response of CH4 emissions from the Carex/Juncus-dominated fen declined significantly by approximately 39% under glacial [CO2]a (ambient [CO2]a = 2.60, glacial [CO2]a = 1.60; P < 0.01). By contrast, the response of CH4 emissions from the Sphagnum-dominated bog remained unaltered (ambient [CO2]a = 3.67, glacial [CO2]a = 3.67; P > 0.05). This contrasting response may be linked to differences in plant species assemblage and the varying impact of CO2 starvation on plant productivity and carbon availability in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, our results provide empirical evidence to support recent model-based indications that glacial-interglacial variations in [CH4]a may be explained by changes in wetland CH4 source strength in response to orbitally forced changes in climate and [CO2]a.
|Item Type:
|Journal Item
|Copyright Holders:
|2013 American Geophysical Union
|temperature response; Q10; peatlands; subambient CO2; Last Glacial Maximum; methane
|Academic Unit/School:
|Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Engineering and Innovation
Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences
|Research Group:
|OpenSpace Research Centre (OSRC)
|Item ID:
|Depositing User:
|Vincent Gauci
|Date Deposited:
|16 Apr 2013 10:11
|Last Modified:
|08 Dec 2018 18:51
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Gist Urges Rhode Island Parents to Take Active Accountability Roles
Rhode Island Education Commissioner Deborah A. Gist used the occasion of the release of school performance data to urge parents to take a more active role in their children's schools. On the date the Department of Education made public the annual school classification information, Gist encouraged families to challenge local school officials to explain specific steps they were taking to improve the quality of students' education.
Linda Borg of the Providence Journal explains that this is the second year that the state is using a school assessment system that does not rely on standardized test scores. Instead, schools are graded on how well the students are progressing in their studies, graduation rates and academic performance of certain demographic groups. The assessment system also takes into account how well schools are approaching 2017 statewide academic standards.
The approach is designed to correct many of the flaws of the federal No Child Left Behind law. Under NCLB, all schools were supposed to reach proficiency in English and math by 2014. Now, each school sets its own academic targets.
"This isn't about labeling or being negative," Gist said during a news conference. "We intentionally decided not give our schools grades. Classifying a school as a priority school means that that school is a priority for RIDE."
The schools are not assigned grades, per se, but are instead assigned classifications, from "commended" all the way down to "focus" or "priority." As of this year, nearly half of Providence schools languish in either focus or priority group.
However, according to Gist, that doesn't mean that these schools are not taking steps to turn themselves around. As a specific example, Gist points to Central Falls High School which was named a priority school this year – the lowest possible designation. Central Falls has in the past two years adopted a new, more rigorous curriculum as well as new teacher training program, but before its assessment designation can improve, it must show steady improvement over several years.
She said families should use the rankings as a starting point to ask deeper questions: Are children improving? What is the school doing to boost student achievement? Is the school closing gaps between white students and minority students?
In the urban districts, however, some schools have been failing their students for years. How should parents feel about that?
"That's what wakes me up every day," Gist said. "It's what consumes us" at the Department of Education.
Statewide, only about 7% of schools fall into the focus or priority group, the same proportion that fell into these categories a year ago.
07 10, 2013 Julia Lawrence

subset: commoncrawl


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NIHONGO eな
This portal site provides information on websites and tools that are useful for Japanese study on the Internet. We introduce free sites that can be accessed by anyone along easy-to-understand tips on how to use them. Every page can be displayed in either Japanese or English, and some of the sites are also available in Korean and Chinese (both simplified and traditional). And on't forget to come back again soon because we're always adding more information.This introduces apps compatible with iOS and Android.
Main Functions
- Site Search
Search for sites using categories such as Reading and Grammar. Each listing includes information on what you can do on the site.
- e! Kore
We also provide a roundup of useful sites based on specific activities and functions such as Learning Kana with Games and Writing Email in Japanese.
- Keyword Search
Search for sites using a keyword.
- eな Information Station
Collect information on websites and how to use them.
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|Ending rebellion early: The initial stages of insurgency and counterinsurgency
|Janet I. Lewis
Political Science Department, U.S. Naval Academy
|Dissertation Fellowship
How do armed rebellions begin? Scholars often probe the origins and onset of internal conflict, but rarely scrutinize how violence initially emerges. This study does so by examining the inception of all rebel groups that formed in Uganda since 1986, when the current ruling party gained power. It focuses on understanding why only some nascent groups become viable, while others fail too early to be captured in news media and thus remain omitted from the historical record and existing conflict analyses. Understanding these early stages of conflict is particularly important for policymakers who hope to end conflicts before substantial humanitarian costs accrue. By comparing the initial stages of rebellion for groups that become viable with those of groups that fail early, this project offers a rare view of how armed conflict begins and how it sometimes ends before large- scale violence occurs.
The projects central findings highlight the importance of information in the initial trajectories of aspiring rebels. I show that most insurgencies begin as small, vulnerable, clandestine groups whose primary challenge is to avoid information leaks to the government. Several arguments supported by original qualitative and quantitative evidence, most of which was collected via fieldwork throughout Uganda, follow from this conceptualization of incipient rebellion.
First, in weak states those with minimal institutional penetration and thus minimal monitoring in territory beyond the capital barriers to entry for clandestine groups are low and therefore rebel formation occurs more commonly and with less spatial predictability than several dominant theories of conflict initiation suggest. Second, the decisions of civilians who live near newly-formed rebel groups, many of who could provide information about nascent rebels to the government, are critical in determining whether nascent groups survive. Civilians make decisions about whether to provide information to the government based primarily on what they believe other civilians will do; thus, variation in the structure of civilian information networks importantly influences incipient rebels chances for becoming viable. By showing a link between ethnicity and networks in rural Africa, the project advances a new understanding of how ethnicity can influence conflict onset. A third finding demonstrates the importance of domestic intelligence institutions in allowing states to access local information networks, deterring the initiation of new rebel groups.
Janet I. Lewis, 2012. How Rebellion Begins: Insurgent Group Formation and Viability in Uganda. Dissertation, Harvard University, Government.


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Your Name:
We have recently updated our menu for dishes and drinks.
These are available to select in the restaurant now and will soon be available to view and download from our website.
Contact us today to book a table and try these new delights!
Ate here for a birthday night out and was really impressed with the food and the service. We usually get a take away from here, but will definitely be eating out more, as it is a really nice atmosphere. Recommended dishes were amazing – with a great price to match.. It was busy without feeling over crowded.


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Last Updated: January 20, 2020
Last Updated: October, 2019
Infrastructure sector is a key driver for the Indian economy. The sector is highly responsible for propelling India's overall development and enjoys intense focus from Government for initiating policies that would ensure time-bound creation of world class infrastructure in the country. Infrastructure sector includes power, bridges, dams, roads and urban infrastructure development. In 2018, India ranked 44th out of 167 countries in World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2018.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) received in Construction Development sector (townships, housing, built up infrastructure and construction development projects) from April 2000 to March 2019 stood at US$ 25.05 billion, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). The logistics sector in India is growing at a CAGR of 10.5 per cent annually and is expected to reach US$ 215 billion in 2020.
India has a requirement of investment worth Rs 50 trillion (US$ 777.73 billion) in infrastructure by 2022 to have sustainable development in the country. India is witnessing significant interest from international investors in the infrastructure space. Some key investments in the sector are listed below.
The Government of India is expected to invest highly in the infrastructure sector, mainly highways, renewable energy and urban transport.
The Government of India is taking every possible initiative to boost the infrastructure sector. Announcements in Union Budget 2019-20:
Following are the achievements of the government in the past four years:
India's national highway network is expected to cover 50,000 kilometres by 2019. National highway construction in India has increased by 20 per cent year-on-year in 2017-18.
India and Japan have joined hands for infrastructure development in India's north-eastern states and are also setting up an India-Japan Coordination Forum for Development of North East to undertake strategic infrastructure projects in the northeast.
Exchange Rate Used: INR 1 = US$ 0.0145 as of March 30, 2019.
Disclaimer: This information has been collected through secondary research and IBEF is not responsible for any errors in the same.
Last Updated: January 20, 2020
India has the third largest road network in the world spanning over 3.3 million km.
During the celebration of 73rd Independence Day, Prime Minister Mr Narendra Modi addressed the nation from the Red Fort and underlined that India 'has mu...
Disruptive technologies and innovations in application engineering are fast changing farming practices in India. From preparing the land to sowing, to reaping and mentori...
India is the world's second largest mobile phone manufacturer after China. And with the current pace of growth, India is not far from becoming the leading handset m...
The generation of power from solely renewable sources like solar energy is a prime focus of India's energy planning. Started in the early 1970s, the process of crea...
From being primarily a cash-obsessed economy, India's digital payment story is new but exciting. Driven by progressive regulatory policies and increased use of mobi...
Ever expanding domestic tourism, increasing foreign tourist arrivals, forex earnings growth, high airline passenger numbers and muted supply growth has put the Indian hot...
Zomato: Top Of The Food Chain
Zomato, an Indian start-up is in the business of online food ordering. It initially launched Foodiebay.com in Gurugram in 2008, a website that scanned menus and provided ratings and recommendations on....
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Yesterday, I walked over to Franciscan Kitchen, on Preston Street just two blocks from the archdiocesan Chancery. It was a joy to serve along with dedicated adults and young from our Catholic high schools. (Sacred Heart Academy and Trinity High School were represented.)
From 10:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m., the doors were opened and about 450 men, women, and children entered for a meal – prepared by great cooks – and an atmosphere that would have made St. Francis of Assisi proud. Surrounded by the spirit of Jesus, the atmosphere oozed a sense of dignity. Manager Chuck Mattingly gathered us for prayer before we began, and Franciscan Brother Ambrose led it. Intentions from those serving were mentioned, and the doors opened. For the next two hours everyone had a proper role. Mine, like the last time I was there, was to clean off the oilcloth tables after someone has finished eating, and in the process, to have conversations with the patrons. Nothing was pushy or preachy but rather warm and inviting, and everyone seemed to fit in well. Every twenty minutes or so, Brother Ambrose rang a bell and led us all in the Lord's Prayer. Hats came off, and silence entered the dining room as many of us prayed aloud.
The Franciscan Kitchen, formerly called the Franciscan Shelter House, has been a beacon in Louisville since 1980. Brother James Fields, O.F.M. Conv., followed the inspiration of the Lord Jesus that year and began serving those who were hungry and often homeless. I believe seven people came that first day. In 2000, the first building was torn down, and the present one was built. Board members told me that an expansion is on the horizon. Providing meals for 400 to 500 people daily is no small task, and every inch is currently being used. I'm told that this expansion is being supported by donations and even remembrance in wills by loving supporters.
I was welcomed so warmly by Chuck Mattingly. Above, is a photo of me with him and his dear mother, who faithfully volunteers. Chuck is the operations manager and does a great job. So do the regular core volunteers, including Brother Ambrose.
Here is the Mission Statement, which states so well the spirit and ministry of the Franciscan Kitchen: "In the tradition of St. Francis, which recognizes we are all brothers and sisters, we are dedicated to providing for the nourishment of God's family. We will maintain an environment of trust and fellowship to build mutual respect and beneficial relationship with our guests, co-workers, suppliers and community. These efforts will strengthen our organization and enable us to provide a much needed service to our community. Jesus is the hungry … to be fed; Jesus is the naked …. to be clothed; Jesus is the lonely … to be loved. "
This mission flows through the walls of the Franciscan Kitchen and into the hearts of all who enter. If you want to find out more, call 502-589-0140 or email: email@example.com


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Make every little Valentine feel loved with a special surprise just for her! Our delightful bouquet is filled with a sweet mix of pink & white blooms, perfect for a precious young lady whose smile lights up your day.
Your purchase includes a complimentary personalized gift message.
If this particular vase is not available, we will provide the best possible substitute.


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Cadogen's "look at me" attitude gets him noticed by all. He is a beautiful mover and a great jumper with an extremely powerful hind end. He has incredible natural balance, lightness and rhythm, making him very easy to ride. He is forward thinking and bold with a self-confidence that will make him a top competitor in the show ring. Bred to be successful in the hunter/jumper or dressage arena, we expect him to give all these qualities to his offspring. Cadogen's dam traces to Ladykiller top and bottom. His dam's sire Loutano, competed internationally in dressage. His sire traces to Merano. The M-line Holsteiners were known for their forward thinking attitudes and competitiveness. They were successful to the Olympic level in Dressage, Eventing and Show Jumping. They are horses that are ideal in today's competitive environment because they have plenty of substance but enough go, stamina and desire to win to make them great partners. Because he carries these old, proven bloodlines, he is the perfect outcross for your C-line mare and should also cross well with thoroughbred and mares from other warmblood pedigrees.
Cadogen began his show career in 2016 competing in the baby green and 2'9" hunters. He was never out of the ribbons and always earned a piece of the hack. He was even the hack winner in Charleston in July. The hunter judges were very complimentary of his rhythm and temperament in the ring. He finished the year moving over to the jumpers and in one two week show he moved up from the 0.85m jumpers to the 1.15m jumpers. 2017 saw him complete his performance requirements with both the AHHA and ISR/Old registries. He qualified for the YJC 7yo finals competing up to 1.30m and ribboning in Mini Prix as well. He is very bold and agressive to the jumps and we expect him to progress up the levels quickly.
Photo Credit: Devan Klamon Photography
2010, 16.0h Bay Holsteiner
Approved: AHHA, ISR/Old-NA
Stud Fee: $1500


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By Xin Xin
A news titled "An Overseas Student Paralyzed After Laughing Gas Overdose, Why Is This Kind of Drug Popular in Foreign Countries?" suddenly appeared and attracted my attention. It was reported that a Chinese overseas student paralyzed after laughing gas overdose, which aroused my curiosity of what the gas was, and what kind of "power" it owned to paralyze the addict, so I searched some relevant information.
According to some related website, nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, a colorless, sweet-tasting gas, was firstly found by a British chemist Joseph Priestley in 1772. In 1799, the British chemist Davy Humphry found the anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide. The euphoric and relaxed effect would be created on human body upon inhaling it and caused the affected person to laugh, from which the name of laughing gas was derived. Actually, the laughing gas itself is not harmful to human body, but when integrating into the blood, it would cause an oxygen deficiency. Inhaling nitrous gas in long term would cause high blood pressure, faint, heart disease, even anemia, and damage the central nervous system and so on. Laughing gas overdose may cause people to die of suffocation because of oxygen deficiency.
Nowadays, the laughing gas has become a very popular trend. According to the latest Global Drugs Survey, laughing gas ranks the seventh among the global addictive substances of abuse.
It was reported that, during 2006 to 2012, 17 people in the UK died from over-exposure to laughing gas.
In Seattle, America, the sale of "laughing gas balloon" becomes a common sight which could be usually found in tobacco shops, and inhaling laughing gas is quite popular among overseas students. A 25-year-old Chinese graduate student from Fuzhou city in America couldn't move his feet and fell into a coma for a time after inhaling laughing gas more than two months. Though he survived after the rescue, the nervous system didn't recover yet completely.
In March 2017, a woman in Zhejiang province hallucinated for laughing gas intake and thought someone wanted to kidnap her.
In July 2017, an 18-year-old Chinese student Liu in America was attacked by cerebral hemorrhage for over-exposure to laughing gas and stayed in America's hospital for treatment, which cost him more than 200 thousand dollars; his girlfriend Yang was paralyzed for laughing gas intake. Finally, both of them were forced to give up the study in America.
There is still so much similar news. After reading the above news, I feel that the laughing gas is terrible. The most frightening thing is that the laughing gas is still not defined as the new-type drug by statute, and there is no strict management system to supervise it. In addition, the laughing gas could be bought quite easily by corporations or individuals without the restriction of quantity because it is a very common oxidizing agent, which promotes the mobility of this new-type substance. The fast and wide circulation of it aroused the worry from some people. However, more people have shown the interest in laughing gas, especially the youngsters who have already heard, seen, even experienced the bitter result caused by laughing gas but still are addicted to it. So, what is impelling them to inhale laughing gas even at the risk of their life?
For seeking the answer to this question, I read some of God's words: "When someone goes into society now, do they encounter many temptations? Temptation is everywhere, and evil trends are filled with temptation. All manner of speech, views, ideologies, all the different lures and demonic countenances of all the different people—to you, all is temptation. If you have no truth equipped within you, if you have no real stature, if you are unable to see through these things, then to you they will all be pitfalls and temptations. … people cannot stand it, they cannot see through it, and they can be taken captive by Satan anytime, anywhere; people's statures are this immature, this pitiful."
"The devil Satan does these things in order to lure people, to cause them to degenerate. For those who live in virtual worlds, they have no interest whatsoever in anything to do with the life of normal humanity; they are not in the mood to work or study. They are only concerned about going to virtual worlds, as though they are being enticed by something. … This evil world uses all manner of ways to attract those who have not seen through the world, who have not seen through the evil trends of mankind. It specially lures these people. If you cannot often come before God, if your heart and your brain are often blank, then you will be in danger. … Young people are wont to go looking for excitement. They are so empty and bored and they don't know what to do for the best."
God's words make me have a sudden crisis awareness to this phenomenon, and see that the temptations and traps are everywhere in the world dominated by Satan, all kinds of trends and ideologies, evil things fill every corner of the world, which are being taken advantaged by Satan to lure, harm and swallow up us. Such as laughing gas, it is mainly used in medicine as an anesthetic to take a certain good effect on humans, while it is becoming a new-type tool of Satan to corrupt and swallow up humans because of being used by some unscrupulous businessmen and people with ulterior motives. A trend "hit the balloon" arose from Satan is popular in society, and it entices people to pursue and yearn for the floating and befuddled feeling after inhaling laughing gas through the spread of all kinds of ideologies, such as "When you are in good times, enjoy yourself to the full" and "Enjoy your life and live in current time." Young people are wont to go for excitement, illusion and the supernatural, and they are so empty and bored. For this reason, Satan arouses the trend of laughing gas to cater to their preferences and meet their desires. Under the influence of the trend, the young people start to try to inhale laughing gas, and are gradually controlled by Satan, falling into Satan's traps of which they don't have ambition to get rid and finally being destroyed and devoured by Satan. Such as the students and unemployed youth mentioned in above news, they just try to inhale laughing gas for excitement but later on are addicted to the illusion and excitement brought by laughing gas, and they finally turn into the paralyzed persons and even lose their life. Aren't these all the consequences caused by Satan's abuse of humans?
Nowadays, all sorts of drugs are popular across the world, and the amount of people inhaling laughing gas is expanding gradually, whose health and life are being destroyed continually. Facing the attack of the "laughing assassin," what can we do to protect ourselves from Satan's temptation and harm?
God says, "Therefore, you must seek for the truth without reserve. The more you practice the more you gain, and the more you gain the more you understand, and the more stature you will have to resist these seductions, environments and all manner of heresies and falsehoods from the outside. When you can discern these things and see through them, then you can resist them; if you cannot discern them or see through them, then you will be unable to resist them."
"At the same time as man accepting God's life as their own life, they come to understand the truth, they grow roots, they gain the principles of what it is to be a human, they grow the roots they need to be a human, and they gain the direction they need to walk in to be a human. They no longer suffer the deception of Satan, are no longer deceived by evil people, no longer bound by Satan, no longer used by evil people, no longer polluted, besmirched, bound or seduced by evil trends. Man lives free between heaven and earth and they are released, no longer to be bound or to feel pain. There are no more difficulties, they live free, and they are able to live genuinely under the dominion of God, no longer to suffer harm by any evil and dark forces."
From God's words, I understand that it is due to lacking the truth and ability of discerning good and evil that we are trapped and ruined by Satan. The only way for us to shun Satan's trap, no longer to suffer Satan's harming and devouring is that we should come to God, read God's words and strive to pursue the truth. Only when we have discernment of the heresies and fallacies and evil trends from Satan, see through all kinds of tricks and conspiracies of Satan, can we resist the temptations and corruption of various evil trends and things, no longer suffer harm from Satan.
To save and change the humans who had been deeply corrupted by Satan, God brings us lots of truths which not only reveal the origin of the corruption of mankind but also expose the evil essence and ugly countenances of Satan and point out the real path and direction of human life. As long as we can follow the footsteps of God's work, gain truth as life from God's words, we will no longer suffer deception and harm from Satan but live in a bright and good realm and enjoy the blessings from God.
Maybe you also like to read: A Chemist's About-face After Believing in God
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Domain 1 - Describe Cisco VoIP Implementations
- Thomasine Montgomery
- 4 years ago
- Views:
2 Maual ONT (642-8) Domai 1 - Describe Cisco VoIP Implemetatios Advatages of VoIP Over Traditioal Switches Voice over IP etworks have may advatages over traditioal circuit switched voice etworks. These advatages iclude improved badwidth utilizatio, cosolidated etwork expeses, ad uified messagig itegratio. Traditioal circuit switched etworks utilize a complete 64-kpbs chael; withi T carrier etworks this is called a DS0. Withi a T-1 there are 24 DS0 chaels equalig Mbps. Packet based voice like VoIP allows more efficiet use of this space through compressio. This compressio allows a umber of chaels of voice to be trasported over a sigle DS0. The highest level of compressio that is curretly used is 8:1; meaig a sigle DS0 ca trasport 8 chaels of voice. Up util the creatio of VoIP, voice ad data etworks were separate. VoIP eables these two etworks to be cosolidated ito oe. Cost is the obvious advatage of havig a cosolidated etwork. Havig to desig ad maitai two separate etworks is cost prohibitive whe it ca be doe with oly oe. VoIP eables uified messagig itegratio. A phoe ca become ot oly a way to talk to someoe but also the ability to itegrate with video service, database services ad several other techologies which eable easier commuicatios throughout a compay. VoIP Compoets Like ormal telephoy systems, VoIP has a umber of compoets which are used to commuicate i various ways. These compoets iclude phoes, gateways, gatekeepers, call agets, Multipoit Cotrol Uits (MCU), Digital Sigal Processors (DSP) ad various applicatio ad database servers. Phoes Gateways Gatekeepers Call Agets Multipoit Cotrol Uits (MCU) Just like ormal telephoy systems, phoes are used to commuicate via voice. However, with VoIP ad Video over IP these phoes are exteded to ot oly provide audio commuicatio but also provide video commuicatios. A gateway is a device which is used to commuicate betwee two differet types of etwork. I VoIP applicatios, this ca be used for multiple thigs icludig coectig aalog phoe systems to VoIP systems or coectig from a PBX ito a VoIP etwork. i.e. Usig a stadard phoe over IP (Voage). Gatekeepers are used for two purposes, to perform some call routig ad call lookups (IP to Phoe Number), ad to perform Call Admissio Cotrol (CAC). Call Agets are used whe a cetral cotrol model is used; this essetially meas that call admiistratio is doe via a cetral locatio. This icludes call routig, traslatios, call setup ad teardow amog other thigs. MCU s are used i coferece commuicatios, specifically the MCU is used to combie multiple streams of traffic ad joi them together seamlessly. Table cotiued o ext page LearSmart Cloud Classroom: Video Traiig s Mauals
3 Maual ONT (642-8) Digital Sigal Processors (DSP) Applicatio ad Database Servers Withi VoIP, The DSP is used heavily. The DSP s i a VoIP etwork are used to covert aalog sigals to digital sigals ad compress them. Several differet servers ca be used i a VoIP implemetatio; this icludes applicatio servers for Call loggig ad cofiguratio maagemet amog others. Database servers ca also be itegrated with VoIP, this eables XML- based iformatio to be available at the phoe level. Aalog & Digital Iterfaces I order to commuicate with ay etwork, iterfaces must be used. Withi a VoIP etwork there are two differet groups of iterfaces; aalog ad digital. Aalog Iterfaces Iside voice etworks there are three differet types of aalog iterfaces; Foreig Exchage Office (FXO), Foreig Exchage Statio (FXS) ad Earth ad Mageto (E&M). FXO ad FXS iterfaces are used with oe aother, the FXO iterface is coected to the telephoy switch ad the FXS iterface coected to the telephoe equipmet (phoe). Whe a call comes i, the FXO iterface is alerted via rig voltage from the switch the the FXO iterface tries to trasport the sigal to the FXS. The FXS is resposible for receivig the sigal from the FXO ad providig battery, dial toe ad other sigalig to the telephoe equipmet. The E&M iterfaces are typically used to coect Private Brach Exchages (PBX) which exists iside offices. The PBX is essetially a small telephoy switch that allows differet features to be used iside a office eviromet; these types of features iclude extesios, forwardig, ad coferecig amog others. There are five differet types of E&M iterface; types I through V (1 through 5). The details of each iterface are beyod the scope of this maual but types I ad V are the most commo; Type I is typical i North America ad Type V is typical outside North America. Digital Iterface Withi VoIP there are a couple of differet digital iterfaces; Basic Rate Iterface (BRI), T1 ad E1 beig the mai oes. A BRI is used for small office coectivity ad provides two chaels of voice (64 kbps each), which are called B-Chaels ad a idepedet sigalig chael (16-kbps), kow as the D-Chael. T1 sigalig ofte gets cofused because there are two differet ways to sigal with a T1 iterface. The two differet ways are Chael-Associated Sigalig (CAS) ad Commo Chael Sigalig (CCS). CAS utilizes what is called robbed-bit sigalig, this is because T1 s are divided ito frames which fit ito either a Superframe (SF 12 Frames) or a Exteded Superframe (ESF 24 Frames). Each frame icludes 24 timeslots which are used for the 24 T1 chaels ad each frame icludes 8 bits of each chael plus a framig bit. I CAS sigalig the 6 th ad 12 th chaels have their low order bit robbed for use i sigalig. CCS sigals a completely differet way, it utilizes oe full 64-kbps chael for sigalig ad leaves the other 23 chaels for traffic; this cofiguratio is typically called a Primary Rate Iterface (PRI). Havig defied this, BRI is cosidered a CCS iterface utilizig oe full 16-kbps sigalig chael. E1 s all operate the same i a CCS cofiguratio (sometimes they ca be icorrectly called CAS). A E1 iterface icludes a total of 32 chaels, with 30 beig used for traffic. E1 s are split similar to T1 s except their framig is a little differet. E1 s are split ito multiframes which iclude 16 cotiguous frames ad each frame icludes 8-bits of each chael. The 1 st ad 17 th chaels are used for frame sychroizatio ad sigalig, accordigly. There are o framig bits withi a E1 like T1 s have. LearSmart Cloud Classroom: Video Traiig s Mauals
4 Maual ONT (642-8) Traffic Packetizatio I order for a aalog voice sigal to be trasmitted across a digital etwork, it must first be digitized. This is doe through a process kow as packetizatio. Packetizatio has four differet phases; samplig, quatizatio, ecodig ad compressio. As show i the followig figure, packetizatio takes a aalog waveform ad coverts it ito a stream of digital 1 s ad 0 s. 1 secod Figure 1 - Packetizatio Samplig The first step i digitizig a sigal is to tur the aalog wave ito somethig that ca be digitized. This is doe through samplig which is also called Pulse Amplitude Modulatio (PAM); samplig takes slices of the aalog wave at cosistet itervals. Withi samplig, the Nyquist theorem is followed. This theorem states that i order to adequately digitally represet a aalog sigal, the aalog sigal must be sampled at a rate of twice the highest aalog frequecy. Withi voice etworks the frequecy rages from 300 to 3400 Hz is trasmitted, because of simplicity it was decided to sample from 0 to 4000 Hz over digital lies. Whe followig the Nyquist theorem, this meas that this sigal must be sampled at 8000 Hz which traslates to 8000 samples per secod. I order to demostrate this process the followig figures have bee created. Istead of showig 8000 Hz samplig the followig examples show 40 Hz samplig, to keep it simple. First a aalog sigal must be separated ito pieces, because 40 Hz samplig is beig show, this aalog sigal is split ito 40 differet pieces (samples). LearSmart Cloud Classroom: Video Traiig s Mauals
5 Maual ONT (642-8) secod Figure 2 - Separatig the Aalog Sigal From these, pieces or samples are take which best represet the aalog sigal; this is show i the followig figure: secod Figure 3 - Creatig Samples From this figure it is see that the digital samples represet a sigal similar to the aalog sigal beig coverted. Obviously, the more samples that are take the more like the origial aalog sigal the digital represetatio will be. LearSmart Cloud Classroom: Video Traiig s Mauals
6 Maual ONT (642-8) Quatizatio What this stage of processig does is it calculates a mathematical value for each sample take, this is also called compadig. The rage of umbers that ca be assiged is from -127 to +127, as see from the followig figure each sample is give a umber secod Figure 4 - Quatizatio There are two mai algorithms which are used to calculate these umbers, µ-law ad a-law. µ-law (mulaw) is the formal stadard i North America ad i Japa; a-law is what is used i the rest of the iteratioal commuity. It is also stadard i µ-law coutries to covert to a-law i order to commuicate with a-law coutries. LearSmart Cloud Classroom: Video Traiig s Mauals
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As always, it's all about Rust and you Bumfuzzlers! 🙂 We have some new changes to the server that I wanted to make you aware of them! So here we go!
Trump Tower Tickets
Now when you find Trump Tower or Hillary House, it will automatically give you access to kits! All you have to do is make sure to enter the zone enough to see the alert that you've officially found it and boom! You'll have access to kits. This should be a much needed improvement that saves me administration and gets you Bumfuzzlers the kits right away without delay!
The message you get when being added to the permission group needs some work. I'm working on that.
Item Limits
Thanks to some salty individuals wasting my morning, I've limited certain items on the server to avoid the possibility of lag to the server and to players alike. The following items are now limited per player with the following counts.
- Camp Fire: 25
- Skull Fire Pit: 25
- Ceiling Light: 25
- Search Light: 25
- Tuna Light: 25
- Furnace: 25
- Large Furnace: 25
Player Challenges
Due to popular demand, recently by DHJ Doge [GW] specifically, I've changed tag limit from 3 to 6. This doesn't control how many categories you can lead in. It changes only how many titles show next to your name. If it becomes a mess I'll change it back, but let's see.
Don't forget! Leading in various categories will earn you valuable kits! See /pc and /kit for more information.
No Server Wipe
ATTENTION: There is no wipe tomorrow! This month just so happened to have 5 Thursdays so if we're wiping on 1st and 3rd Thursdays, there's no wipe today. The next wipe will be on December 7th and we will be wiping blueprints as it's the 1st Thursday of the month.
As always Bumfuzzlers, please have fun and enjoy the server, keep giving me feedback! It helps me improve the server.


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Since 1928, Century Yuasa Batteries has advanced to turn out to be Australia and New Zealand's oldest and most recognised automotive battery supplier, with a proud historical past in the design and manufacture of batteries. The Physique Repair & Coatings Experts USC delivers each proven and modern body repair, masking, abrasives, truck mattress liners and ancillary merchandise. With a view to build this model, SE Automotive should comply with a process of product and course of growth.
We also work hard to offer our services in essentially the most environmentally pleasant manner potential. Retailer automotive merchandise of their unique containers, and in a cool, properly ventilated area. Austrade Mexico in conjunction with AiGroup are in search of expressions of curiosity in an Automotive Manufacturing Mission to Mexico from the 13th to the 22nd of April, 2016.
We have techniques in place to make sure our merchandise are secure, reliable and of a very good high quality. In Canada Free Commerce doesn't apply to client gross sales; it applies solely to manufacturers who meet sure situations. On 25 November 2014, the Senate referred referred an inquiry into the future of Australia's automotive trade to the Senate Economics References Committee for inquiry and report by 1 November 2015.
The targets of the FAPM embrace selling the pursuits and welfare of the automotive elements trade, to encourage and support government insurance policies which assist the operation of a large and diverse business and to advance the event in Australia of an more and more efficient and internationally aggressive motorcar business.
Our merchandise are predominantly manufactured from metal in thicknesses of up to 12 mm, with strengths of as much as 2,000 MPa, as well as aluminium. You must Buy Auto Care Merchandise specifically made for automobiles as different stronger cleaners can injury your paint.


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- Drag Amazon+EWS to your favorites bar for all your Amazon needs and support the Evelyn Waugh Society at no extra cost to yourself.
Latest EW News
Twitter Feed
Tag Archives: Cecil Beaton
Halloween Roundup
–The London Review of Books in its latest issue has published an article by Rosemary Hill on the life and career of Auberon Waugh. This is entitled "Woof, woof" and includes a description of Auberon's life from the time he … Continue reading
Posted in Academia, Auberon Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, Collections, Newspapers, Robbery Under Law Tagged Cecil Beaton, Daniel Mendelsohn, Hillsdale College, London Review of Books, National Portrait Gallery, New Criterion, Rosemary Hill Comments Off on Halloween Roundup
Waugh Walk and Beaton Exhibit
The Bodleian Library in Oxford has announced a Psychogeographic Writing/Walking tour around Oxford. This will take place on Saturday, 1 June at 1000a-1300p starting from the Weston Library on Broad Street. Here's the description: Join poet, writer and academic R.M.Francis … Continue reading
Posted in Academia, Art, Photography & Sculpture, Brideshead Revisited, Events, London, Newspapers, Oxford, Vile Bodies Tagged Bodleian Library, Cecil Beaton, Evening Standard, Guardian, National Portrait Gallery Comments Off on Waugh Walk and Beaton Exhibit
Groundhog Day Roundup
–Columnist John Derbyshire has posted a story in his "Derb's January Diary" column on the anti-immigrant website Vdare that may start another debate like U/Non-U pronunciation or George and Ira Gershwin's line "You say tomato, and I say tomahto". Derbyshire, … Continue reading
Posted in A Little Learning, Decline and Fall, Evelyn Waugh, Newspapers Tagged Cecil Beaton, John Derbyshire, Jonathan Meades, language, Standpoint, The Times, Tracey Thorn, Vdare.com Comments Off on Groundhog Day Roundup
Mid-Month Roundup: Schoolroom Confusion
Our latest roundup starts with references to Waugh's school days and ends with the 1970s Penguin reprints: —The Independent newspaper has published a list of what it considers the Top 10 examples of celebrities overlapping at the same school. Private … Continue reading
Cecil Beaton Documentary Available Online
The full length documentary film of Cecil Beaton's career that was released last December is now available online. See previous post. This is entitled Love, Cecil. The film was briefly reviewed at the time of its release in the Daily … Continue reading
Posted in Documentaries, Newspapers Tagged Cecil Beaton, RogersMovieNation.com, Vogue Comments Off on Cecil Beaton Documentary Available Online
Take a Pew, or Not, as the Case May Be
In "The Times Diary" column of today's edition of the paper, Patrick Kidd writes this about relations between Evelyn Waugh and John Betjeman: WAUGH OF WORDS Visitors to Combe Florey, the family home of Evelyn and Auberon Waugh, used to … Continue reading
Posted in Alexander Waugh, Auberon Waugh, Combe Florey, Newspapers, Radio Programs Tagged BBC Radio 4, Cecil Beaton, John Betjeman, Jonathan Smith, New Statesman, Patrick Kidd, The Times Comments Off on Take a Pew, or Not, as the Case May Be
Cecil Beaton Film and Graham Greene Radio Drama
The director of a new documentary film about Cecil Beaton discusses his life in an article in The Times: "The dark side of Cecil Beaton." This is Lisa Immordino Vreeland and her film is entitled Love, Cecil. Here's an excerpt … Continue reading
Posted in Adaptations, Art, Photography & Sculpture, Biographies, Letters, Newspapers, Radio Tagged BBC Radio 4, Cecil Beaton, D.J.Taylor, Graham Greene, The Tablet, The Times Comments Off on Cecil Beaton Film and Graham Greene Radio Drama
Waugh at Chatsworth
The Yorkshire Post has a story about an exhibit at Chatsworth House of Cecil Beaton's photographs. The photos themselves are mostly from Southebys but the subjects of these photos are visitors to Chatsworth. One of the photos is of Evelyn Waugh. … Continue reading
Posted in Letters, Photographs, Ronald Knox Tagged Cecil Beaton, Chatsworth House, Daily Telegraph, Deborah Devonshire, New York Times Comments Off on Waugh at Chatsworth
Cecil Beaton 1955 "Entrée interdite" Evelyn Waugh portrait for sale
BEETLES+HUXLEY (who seemingly favor all-caps for everything) has for sale a print of Cecil Beaton's celebrated 1955 photographic portrait of Evelyn Waugh standing behind a gate to which is affixed a sign that states, "ENTREE INTERDITE AUX PROMENEURS." B+H describe the … Continue reading
Posted in Art, Photography & Sculpture, Evelyn Waugh, Items for Sale, Photographs, Portraits Tagged BEETLES+HUXLEY, Cecil Beaton Comments Off on Cecil Beaton 1955 "Entrée interdite" Evelyn Waugh portrait for sale


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Make-up & Personal Styling Workshop Oasis
This course has no current classes. Please to be notified of vacancies and similar courses.
This course has been created in partnership with Oasis Centre Wyong and may be fully subsidised for eligible students under the Community Services Obligation Program (CSO).To determine your eligibility for the CSO Program click here.
Have you been dreaming of a career in the beauty industry? Our Makeup and Personal Styling course is the perfect introduction to this exciting field of work.
The Makeup and Personal Styling course is delivered on the Central Coast and will focus on the skills required to understand colour correction and to assist in determining colour choice and design relating to personal grooming. The course will also cover professional interviewing skills and how to provide salon services, such as answering phones and taking enquiries.
Our team of specialists will be there every step of the way, and the combination of classroom and practical exercises means you can graduate with the skills needed to excel in your chosen career! Students will also get to enjoy practical training in our on-site beauty salon at Central Coast Community College.
Delve into the world of make-up and personal styling by enrolling today and launch your career in the beauty industry!
This training is subsidised by the NSW Government.
Who Is This Course For
This course is for students looking to begin their career in the beauty industry.
Learning Outcomes
- Hair braiding for beginners
- Design and apply makeup
- Design and apply remedial camouflage makeup
- Provide salon services to clients
Study Pathways
Students who graduate from this course may continue their studies by enrolling in the SHB30115 Certificate III in Beauty Services.
Career Opportunities
Students wishing to undertake this course may consider the following work roles:
- Make-up Artist
- Retail cosmetics
Delivery Mode
Face-to-face delivery with practical placement (completed on-site in our operational Student Salon).
Funding Eligibility
This course is being offered under the Adult and Community Education Community Services Obligation (CSO) Program. This funding has been designed to support people who experience barriers to training and employment. To determine your eligibility for the CSO Program click here.
Entry Requirements
Students must have successfully completed year 10 (or equivalent), turned 16 or have relevant experience and/or qualifications that indicate likely success in completing the course.
Click here for more information about the enrolment process.
What to Bring To Class
Please bring a pen, paper and folder to class. All other course resources will be provided for you on the day. Participants will be provided with a makeup kit, brush kit and shirt.
Please Note that "CSO201718 Hair Braiding for Beginners" is a Non-Accredited Module and only a statement of attendance will be provided for this module.
Units of competency
- SHBXCCS002 Provide salon services to clients
- CSO201718 Hair Braiding for Beginners
- SHBBMUP002 Design and apply make-up
- SHBBMUP004 Design and apply remedial camouflage make-up


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Click here to be notified by email when Giu Giu Ribbed Jewel Top, Ivory becomes available.
Super stretchy, form-fitting ribbed high neck top.
Sizing Recommendation: Due to the nature "shrunken" of the knitting, we recommend sizing up, unless you would prefer more of a snug fit.
Available in glacé and ivory.
Made in Los Angeles.


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Salt CPD
Salt CPD is a new approach to continuing professional development for the financial services industry. Salt is appropriate for staff in banking, funds management, superannuation, Australian credit licensees and Australian financial services licensees, and mortgage brokers.
The Financial Adviser Standards and Ethics Authority (FASEA) was established in April 2017 to set the education, training and ethical standards of licensed financial advisers in Australia. Under the new regime, continuous professional development (CPD) requirements have been significantly enhanced.
FASEA defines CPD as the complete range of learning activities which professionals maintain and develop throughout their career to ensure that they retain their capacity to competently practice.
"CPD is an integral part of the professional framework. Not only is it a way of maintaining currency of technical knowledge and ensuring relevant providers remain professional; it is also a way of growing new knowledge and expanding abilities as professionals."
FASEA has defined the following areas of mandatory content coverage totalling 24 hours per annum. The balance up to 40 hours must consist of qualifying CPD from these categories or other selected by the Adviser or Licensee.


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Ask the Experts
Ask the Experts
Application Rollout Planning and Problems
How do I start on change and release management?
I have nothing but an IT help desk email inbox, and deployment management is organized chaos. It works well enough to keep the business running, but I'd like to implement ITSM best practices for project management, software changes and deployment, ... Continue Reading


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Years of experience supplying commercial gym equipment.
A Vast Range of High Quality Fitness EquipmentGet a quote now
Here at Flex Fitness Equipment, we have set up thousands of gyms for individuals, companies, schools, and commercials gyms. We have the expertise and the equipment to ensure that setting up your commercial gym is a breeze. We will make sure you have the right equipment for the right price, combined with the expert advice and top-quality service. Get in touch with us for a free consult and quote today.
Top quality fitness equipment at competitive prices.
Look no further! Flex Fitness Equipment is the one-stop shop for top quality fitness equipment in Australia where we willingly go the extra mile for you, the valued customer.Get a quote now
Why chose flex fitness equipment
for your commercial needs
Bulk Industry Deals - Save even more!
Whether you are setting up a gym or starting your PT business. Contact us for a bulk deal on equipment today.
Your One Stop Fitness Shop
Functional training, Personal training, 24hr gyms, council gyms, school gyms, physiotherapy studios, Franchise gyms.. the list is endless. We have the equipment and experience to get you setup faster!
High Level of service
Our consultants are just as passionate about fitness as you are. Whether its the latest fitness equipment trends or cool and funky workout spaces, we update and train regularly to help you achieve the very best outcome for your space.
Fast Australia Wide shipping
Gyms across Australia rely on us for quality gear and fast shipping. From a set of boxing gloves to a truck full gym gear, we save you time and deliver to your doorstep.
Simple Hassle Free Finance
Maximise your potential - Own multiple sites and maximise your potential. Talk to us about how we can help save you the hassle with banks and put you in touch with industry specific finance providers.
Customise your Gym
Personalise your customer experience even further. We have worked with several franchises to customise equipment and we can do it for you too.
We have tried all of the suppliers in Perth over the years but nothing came close to the level of service from Nav and the guys at Flex Fitness. They have always reached deadlines, and over delivered on their promises. This is why we've used them for 3 fit outs and counting.
Jack Zuvelek - The Body Consultants
Recent Commercial Projects
Anytime Fitness
The owners of the franchise, Anytime Fitness contacted Flex to arrange the fitout of its new premises...
Athletic Revolution
This gym describes itself as being 'elite without the premium price tag'. Flex was engaged to fit out both the indoor and outdoor areas of the centre...
Body Consultants
The Body Consultants currently have four locations around Perth, of which Flex has so far assisted with the fit out of three...
Core 9
Core 9 recruited Flex to create a modern, vibrant fitness space, with high quality modern equipment...
CrossFit Dignus
Flex was engaged to design and fit out the CrossFit Dignus Box, or the 'playground' as they like to call it...
Diamond Fitness
Flex gave Diamond Fitness its ultra-modern new look using the following state of the art gear...
F45 Canning Vale
Flex was commissioned to design and install the CrossFit facilities at the gym's Canning Vale premises...
Fitness Renegades
Flex took charge of the fitout from concept to install, completing the process in 4 weeks...
Revo Fitness Vic Park
Flex was contracted to fit out the total 1100 square metres, from flooring to equipment...
Flex Fitness Equipment did a great job for the fit out at the gym in lifeline Physiotherapy. They did it promptly whilst ensuring all my needs were fulfilled. I found the staff very helpful and friendly and the products that were used in my gym were really good quality. Thank you so much for making my studio look like state of the art :)
Dhara Sanghavi - Lifeline Physiotherapy
Our Experience
We have set up thousands of gyms in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and across Australia, providing high quality equipment to suit any situation and budget. Each installation is backed up by our expert advice, thorough knowledge, and friendly service. We have the products and experience to ensure that your gym setup meets your needs. We have experience in setting up gyms for:
including F45, Anytime Fitness, Plus Fitness, Snap Fitness, Core 9 and Jetts Fitness.
Schools & Colleges
Including Wesley College and Lumen Christie College.
Councils / Fire Departments
Including Booragoon Leisure Fit and South Hedland Fire and Rescue.
Independent CrossFit Boxes
Including Kosta, Culture Conditioning and Raw Fitness.
Physios / Medical
Including Midland Physiotherapy and Murdoch Chiropractic Clinic.
Garage and Home Gyms
Check out our facebook page for examples of home gyms we've set up and feedback from our amazing customers.
Park and Personal Trainer Studios
Corporate/ Hotels & Apartments Gyms
Including Altair Apartments.
We have had the privilege of working with a large range of satisfied customers, and understand that each gym is unique. We take the time and effort required to understand your situation and requirements, and bring our expertise and experience to ensure you get exactly what you need, at a price that suits your budget. Get in contact with us today.
Commercial Enquiry
Get in touch with us below about your gym equipment needs and our friendly team will contact you within 24hrs to discuss your requirements.


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Gran Turismo 6
PublisherSony Interactive Entertainment
Steering wheel compatibleYes
DeveloperPolyphony Digital
UK Release Date05/12/2013
Celebrating 15 years of Gran Turismo Silverstone - May 2013
Gran Turismo 6 - Silverstone Trailer
Gran Turismo 6 Announcement Impressions
Gran Turismo 6 Direct Audio E3 2013
Gran Turismo 6 Replay Direct Audio E3 2013
Gran Turismo 6 Matterhorn Circuit Gameplay E3 2013
Gran Turismo 6 Willow Springs Circuit
Gran Turismo 6 Deltawing and 2012 Audi R8 LMS Ultra Gameplay E3 2013
GT6 Silverstone Gameplay and Replay
GT6 Silverstone Replay
GT Academy 2013 Events 1 - 11 Bumper Cam
GT Academy 2013 Events 1 - 11 Cockpit Cam
Our Review
With no new Gran Turismo title to test Thrustmaster's latest Gran Turismo branded wheel, we instead opt for Gran Turismo 6 which was released some three years ago almost to the day. Instead of just playing the racer on a 2D screen we strap on the PSVR headset and play through the device's cinema mode […]News
Polyphony Digital has updated their website once more to give us the very latest sales figures for the Gran Turismo series. The update reveals that Gran Turismo 6 has now sold over 5 million copies to date and the series clocks in at a total of a staggering 76.79 million sales worldwide. When comparing Gran […]News
Two hidden stunt tracks have been found in Gran Turismo 6 by a member of the Gran Turismo fansite GTPlanet. According to member "con360" Gran Turismo 6 has two stunt tracks: Open Layout and Stunt Arena which appear under the "GT Arena" category. The Open Arena is exactly what you'd expect: a flat open area […]News
Polyphony, developers of the long-running Gran Turismo series, have released new sales figures through their official website which reveal how many copies each version of Gran Turismo has sold to date. The figures make for some interesting reading, Gran Turismo 6 for instance has now sold an impressive 4.7 million copies despite being released so […]News
Polyphony have released a quick hotfix for Gran Turismo 6 which addresses an exploit found within the game's career mode. The v1.22 update fixes an issue where in certain conditions, resuming a previously suspended career mode championship would result in starting a race on a user-generated course. Gran Turismo fans will of course have Gran […]News
Polyphony have released an updated version of their Track Path Editor app for Gran Turismo 6. The 1.02 version of the Track Path Editor contains a few fairly major fixes for both the iOS and Android versions along with an undisclosed number of minor bug fixes. The Track Path Editor is an iOS and Android […]News
The much anticipated course maker feature finally comes to Gran Turismo 6 in today's v1.21 update after it was revealed only yesterday that the fan-favourite feature would indeed make its way to the racing title after much speculation, time and bucket loads of doubt. You can shape your tracks to your heart's desire changing the […]News
Following on from Polyphony boss Kazunori Yamauchi's comments back in June who confirmed that the long-anticipated course maker feature would still be coming to Gran Turismo 6, I'm happy to say that the course maker will indeed be releasing, but here's the thing – it's coming tomorrow, September 30! The news broke earlier today exclusively via […]News
Hyundai have released two more teaser images of their Vision Gran Turismo car set to make its way into the virtual realm soon. The Hyundai N 2025 Vision GT is part of Hyundai's high-performance sub-brand N which is the "result of intensive testing and product development". The N brand builds on Hyundai's successes in motorsport […]News
Over 2 million copies of Gran Turismo 6 have been sold since the game's launch in December 2013. According to court documents released on Google Scholar, the PlayStation 3-exclusive racing game has sold 2.37 million copies as of 21st August 2015. This information means Gran Turismo 6 is one of the best-selling first party racing […]News
After much teasing, the Bugatti Vision Gran Turismo car has been fully revealed and is due to appear in Gran Turismo 6 at some point this month. Not only that, Bugatti have announced they will showcase a full-scale version of the car at this year's Frankfurt Motor Show. The Bugatti Vision GT car bares more […]News
Hyundai has released the first teaser images of its Vision Gran Turismo concept car. Called the 'Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo, this new design study will be shown off in full at next month's Frankfurt Motor Show. Judging by the teasers, it seems this Hyundai will be track-focused. The 'N' designation (presumably a nod […]News
It looks like the Bertone Vision GT car will not be making its way to Gran Turismo 6 after all as the car was recently taken off the official Vision Gran Turismo page on Gran-Turismo.com. Bertone suffered some very hard times in 2013 and they had to declare themselves bankrupt in April last year. Because […]News
Six U.S. GT Academy finalists have been announced, the talented bunch will represent the United States at the week-long International Race Camp which takes place at the world famous Silverstone track. The two-day camp tested the mettle of the drivers in both virtual and real racing, not to mention some strenuous physical tests which involved […]News
Fully detailed interiors are being planned for all of Gran Turismo 6's Vision Gran Turismo concept cars. Speaking with GTPlanet.net at this year's Goodwood Festival of Speed, Polyphony Digital CEO and Gran Turismo creator Kazunori Yamauchi confirmed the studio "does intend to implement interiors for all of the VGT cars". Yamauchi-san also explained why most […]News
The version 1.2 update has gone live for Gran Turismo 6. The new update introduces all three versions of the SRT Tomahawk Vision Gran Turismo car and the Goodwood Hill Climb also gets a small update. As mentioned, the SRT Tomahawk vision GT car comes is three different versions. The SRT Tomahawk S Vision GT […]News
In a recent interview with JeuxVideo, head of Polyphony, Kazunori Yamauchi, revealed that the Peugoet 208 T16 Pikes Peak would be coming to the Gran Turismo series, although admittedly we may well have to wait until the seventh installment to see it. Yes, this car will be present Kazunori Yamauchi also recently revealed that […]News
According to a recent interview by JeuxVideo with Polyphony Digital's top man Kazunori Yamauchi, the improved Course Maker, which was the most anticipated fan feature, is still coming for Gran Turismo 6. When asked whether there would be any new customisation options for Gran Turismo 6, Yamauchi answered (via translation thanks to a member of […]News
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles have just revealed the SRT Tomahawk Vision Gran Turismo in Detroit, USA. The car will actually be available in three versions with different tuning and will be available to play in Gran Turismo 6 for the Playstation 3 console sometime this summer. The SRT Tomahawk Vision Gran Turismo has been nicknamed "the […]News
The fourth and final round of the 2015 GT Academy online event is now live and available to play in Gran Turismo 6 on the Playstation 3 console. The last qualification round will task you to drive the new Nissan GT-R LM Nismo LMP1 racing car around the Le Mans circuit as fast as you possibly […]News
Polyphony have just released their free 1.19 update for Gran Turismo 6 which sees the inclusion of two new cars – the Peugeot Vision GT and the Nissan GT-R LM Nismo. The Peugeot Vision GT car was officially revealed about three weeks ago. The car is powered by a 3.2 litre V6 turbo charged engine […]News
Gran Turismo 6's Vision GT car reveals are showing no signs of slowing down, the very latest to join the exclusive ranks this month is the SRT Tomahawk. It's worth noting that this isn't a full reveal, rather a quick teaser, so we know very little about the car other than it is a single […]News
The GT-R LM Nismo joins an ever expanding list of cars which makes its debut in the virtual world of Gran Turismo 6 before its real-life counterpart even races for the first time. The third round of the GT Academy kicked off recently and with it saw the inclusion of yet another new Nissan race […]News
Mark Shulzhitskiy, the winner of Gran Turismo's GT Academy Russia in 2012, has secured a drive at this year's 24 hours of Le Mans. The fantastic achievement will see Shulzhitskiy get behind the wheel of Nissan's GT-R LM. Gene commented: "It was a tough decision for me to take a step back for the Le Mans […]News


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We are not a mere collection of individuals, but a community that loves to meet each other and God. We'd love to get to know you too! You are very welcome to get to know us and to join in.
About the community
An international church
ICF Delft is an international church, filled with people from all around the world. From all the continents of the earth, we come together to celebrate our faith and be a fellowship together.
Christ connects us
Our church community is connected by our common faith in Christ Jesus. We are all Christians and follow Jesus in our daily lives. Read more about our faith below.
Share our lives in fellowship
We meet each other regularly and not only on Sundays. We try to share our lives with each other throughout the week.
In and for the city
We all live in or around Delft and meet right in the city center. We want to be a community in the midst of the city!
ICF Delft: 'Connect – Grow – Serve'
What we stand for
ICF Delft is a English-language Christian fellowship, part of the worldwide Christian church, holding a reformed-evangelical conviction. Our faith is based on the revelation of God in Jesus as described in the Bible, illuminated by the Holy Spirit. ICF Delft is a Christian community consisting of people from across the whole world. Our passion is to honour God by serving people in an inter-cultural, English-speaking community.
ICF Delft longs to see the glory of God and the welfare of people demonstrated through internationals in Delft living and loving as followers of Jesus Christ.
Our mission is to invite everyone, of all backgrounds, to become disciples of Jesus, to help them grow in faith in Jesus, and together to serve Jesus where they live and work and wherever they go.
ICF Delft exists because of Jesus' calling to be "salt of the earth" and "light of the world". By God's grace:
1) we are an inviting, caring fellowship closely connected with Jesus,
2) we teach and explain the Bible carefully, showing its relevance for today, helping people to grow in the knowledge of God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and
3) we manifest a healing community, serving the (spiritual and material) needs of people around, seeking the welfare of the city.
Our pastors
We have three pastors that regularly conduct our services. Please meet them:
Niek Tramper
I came to living faith in Christ during my college time, graduated as a biologist from Wageningen University and later as a theologian from Utrecht University. My interest has always been in questions about the relationship between science, culture and (Christian) faith.
I served several years with IFES (International Fellowship of Evangelical Students) and worked around 13 years for missions and the missionary cooperation of churches in Europe and the Middle East. I am ordained pastor of the Protestant Church in Delft with a special duty for the ministry in ICF-Delft. My passion is: to invite young people becoming disciples of Jesus with a heart to take part in the Great Mission of the living God and to help them flourish where they are planted. Several books from my hand like the ones on the Psalms and the book of Daniel refer to that passion. For my wife Jenny and me our five children and seven grandchildren are a special joy.
Simon van der Lugt
I like to read poetry. It's like a little verbal structure. A poet can say a lot with just a few words. Sometimes you must read it again and again. A poem doesn't reveal itself easily. A like talking to people. It can be about anything. Sometimes it will be very openhearted, sometimes the questions remain.
We all carry our secrets. Or questions. In my experience conversations are a major contributor to a good life. I believe that God uses our conversations to make things right. Being a minister of a Christian church means living amongst Gods words and those of people. That's very appealing to me.
Hans-Jan Roosenbrand
I was born and raised in a Christian family. When I was a child, our family was part of a small international church in Rotterdam. Later, during my time as a student, I devoted my live to Christ. After graduating from law school at Nijmegen University, I decided to want to become a pastor.
I finished my master in Theology at the University of Kampen and first worked as a minister in a small Reformed Church in Hoofddorp, near Amsterdam. Today I combine working as a pastor in a Dutch Reformed Church in Delft with being a minister for international students in ICF Delft. I especially enjoy preparing the sermons and leading Sunday services. But I also like the regular bible studies during the week with christians and non christians from all over the world. I find it amazing what can be seen from the work of God in this international community and in the lives of so many young people!


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The Generalissimo Stan Lee was honoured yesterday has he immortalised in the concrete in front of the TCL Chinese Theatre. The 94-year-old signed his name and then imprinted his hands and shoes in the cement pad in front of family, fans, and friends. Kevin Smith, Chadwick Boseman, Clark Gregg, Kevin Feige, and Todd McFarlane spoke at the ceremony.
Stan, along with Jack Kirby, created legendary comic book characters such as The Fantastic Four, Spider-Man, The Hulk, Iron Man, Thor, and The X-Men, to name just a few. These comic books characters then went on to become the Hollywood powerhouse known as The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)
Stan Has become somewhat of a house hold name thanks to his cameos in Marvel movies over the last decade and is a much loved and admired leader of comic books fans across the globe.
Stan the Man was understandably quite emotional as he was interviewed afterwards not only on receiving the honour but also on talking about seeing his creations leap from the page to the big screen.