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Anxiety and Overthinking Everything
Anxiety and overthinking tend to be evil partners. One of the horrible hallmarks of any type of anxiety disorder is the tendency to overthink everything. The anxious brain is hypervigilant, always on the lookout for anything it perceives to be dangerous or worrisome. I've been accused of making problems where there aren't any. To me, though, there are, indeed, problems. Why? Because anxiety causes me to overthink everything. Anxiety makes us overthink everything in many different ways, and the result of this overthinking isn't helpful at all. Fortunately, anxiety and overthinking everything doesn't have to be a permanent part of our existence.
Ways Anxiety Causes Overthinking
An effect of any type of anxiety is overthinking everything. There are common themes to the way anxiety causes overthinking. Perhaps this generic list will remind you of specific racing thoughts you experience and help you realize that you're not alone in overthinking everything because of anxiety.
- Obsessing over what we should say/should have said/did say/didn't say (common in social anxiety)
- Worrying incessantly about who we are and how we are measuring up to the world (common in social and performance anxiety)
- Creating fearful what-if scenarios about things that could go wrong for ourselves, loved ones, and the world (common in generalized anxiety disorder)
- Wild, imagined results of our own wild, imagined faults and incompetencies (all anxiety disorders)
- Fear of having a panic attack in public and possibly thinking that you can't leave home because of it (panic disorder with or without agoraphobia)
- Worrying about a multitude of obsessive thoughts, sometimes scary ones and thinking about them constantly (obsessive-compulsive disorder)
- Thinking -- overthinking -- a tumbling chain of worries, vague thoughts, and specific thoughts (all anxiety disorders)
Result of Anxiety and Overthinking
With anxiety, not only are these thoughts (and more) running through our brains, but they are always running through our brains, non-stop, endlessly. Like a gerbil hooked up to an endless drip of an energy drink, they run and run and wheel around in one place, going absolutely nowhere. Day and night, the wheel squeaks.
Anxiety and overthinking everything makes us both tired and wired. One result of the thinking too much that comes with anxiety is that we are often left feeling physically and emotionally unwell. Having these same anxious messages run through our head everywhere we go takes its toll.
Further, another dangerous result of anxiety and overthinking everything is that we start to believe what we think. After all, if we think it, it's real, and if we think it constantly, it's very real. Right? No. This is a trick anxiety plays. Anxiety causes overthinking, but with anxiety, these thoughts aren't always trustworthy.
You have the power and the ability to interfere in anxiety's overthinking everything. It's a process that involves many steps, but a step you can take right now to slow down that gerbil is to have something with you or around you to divert your attention. Rather than arguing with your thoughts or obsessing over them, gently shift your attention onto something else, something neutral. By thinking about something insignificant, you weaken anxiety's ability to cause you to overthink everything.
I explain this further in the below video. I invite you to tune in.
Let's connect. I blog here. Find me on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. My mental health novels, including one about severe anxiety, are here.
APA Reference
Peterson, T. (2015, December 31). Anxiety and Overthinking Everything, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2020, January 26 from https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2015/12/anxiety-and-over-thinking-everything
Author: Tanya J. Peterson, MS, NCC
It sounds like you're actively tackling your anxiety. Even if you haven't felt results yet, it's a very good thing that's you're taking such an active approach. Taking action is the best thing we can do to get rid of anxiety. Sometimes, the action is a lot of trial and error. What works great for some people might not work at all for others. But there is something helpful for everyone -- including you. Therapy can be very effective, but it can take time to work. Also, every therapist is different. You can try different therapists until you find one who you feel is a good fit. Whatever you do, don't give up. Keep actively seeking help and treatment. You don't have to live with this forever.
It can absolutely feel that no one can help, and it often does feel like you're creating these thoughts. You aren't alone -- these are very common thoughts and feelings and part of anxiety's mind games. The truth is that there is help and hope. You can work past this. Reaching out for help is an effective way to overcome anxiety and overthinking. These resources might help you connect with the right help:
Online counseling is becoming increasingly popular. Two reputable sources are talkspace.com and betterhelp.com (HealthyPlace has no connection to either of these, nor do we endorse any single organization either online or off because each individual is different, and what works great for one person may not work as well for someone else. We like to provide a variety of resources for people to investigate.) The following links will take you to articles that help you find in-person counseling and support:
Where to Find Mental Health Help: https://www.healthyplace.com/other-info/mental-illness-overview/i-need-mental-help-where-to-find-mental-health-help
Types of Mental Health Doctors and How to Find One: https://www.healthyplace.com/other-info/mental-illness-overview/types-of-mental-health-doctors-and-how-to-find-one
Types of Mental Health Counselors: Finding a Good One: https://www.healthyplace.com/other-info/mental-illness-overview/types-of-mental-health-counselors-finding-a-good-one
Would it help to know that thinking about being gay is actually common during puberty? People are often afraid to talk about it (whether they are gay or straight), which can make you feel like you're the only one. There are a variety of reasons that homosexual thoughts keep popping up, the quickest explanation is simply hormones. Hormonal changes in the brain and body do all sorts of things to thoughts. Two effective ways to leave peacefully with your brain (I like that description) are acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness. These are approaches that help people deal with anxiety and disturbing thoughts by accepting them, let them come and go, and live fully in the present moment anyway. The two articles below have a bit of information about ACT and mindfulness so you can see if you'd like to learn more and try them. Until you check them out, know that your thoughts and experiences are normal. When you begin to overthink, pause, take a deep breath, remind yourself that these are normal thoughts that don't mean anything about you, and turn your attention to what you're doing in the moment. (And keep doing this -- it can take awhile to train your brain!).
I'm sorry that talking to your parents didn't help. It's good that you tried because open communication is helpful for so many things in adolescence. Maybe trying again later might be better, or maybe you won't need to because your intrusive thoughts will no longer be a problem. On vacation, when you start to become anxious, shift your thoughts to something else. Even try thinking about something completely different than attraction to anyone. What have you been interested (before puberty and now)? And on your vacation, what fun and relaxing things will you be doing? Keep bringing your attention to those things. Tell your other thoughts that now isn't the time, then go back to doing what you were doing. "Doing" is important and beating thoughts, too. Get active doing something positive to distract your thoughts. Make lots of really good moments on your vacation (and when you return home.
I struggle is on finding the balance between my ADHD and my anxiety. A lot of the methods recommended suggest the refocusing of the mind and thoughts. I wonder if this will make my ADHD worse. I get distracted easily as it is. Any feedback will be greatly appreciated.
Dealing with any one of these challenges can be difficult, and put them together and "difficult" is an inadequate description. I can give you some good news: you are already well on your way to overcoming this (or at least minimizing it so that it doesn't negatively impact your life). You mentioned a purpose, which is a very important step in healing, and you are taking action by reading about what to do. I'm not just throwing shallow encouragement (I don't do that) when I say you're on your way. The evidence is in your words.
Trying to refocus your mind and thoughts could make your anxiety and ADHD worse, or it could make them better, depending on what the approach is as well as how you personally think and prefer. For example, you may have read about a therapeutic approach called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. It involves identifying your thoughts, challenging them, and replacing them with different, more effective, thoughts. It's research based and proven to help improve mental health. However, that doesn't mean that it works for everyone. Trying to concentrate on thoughts to change them can turn into a fight with those thoughts which can magnify them. And with ADHD, it can become one more thing to try to concentrate on, which is often frustrating and can worsen ADHD and with it, anxiety and depression. One great thing about trying various approaches is that you won't be permanently set back. Any negative effects will fade away when you stop the approach. Overcoming mental health challenges is, unfortunately, often a process of trial-and-error. Because anything takes time to work, be patient as you try something to allow your brain/mind to adjust.
I wonder if some of the recommendations you've read about refocusing mind and thoughts had to do with mindfulness. If that's the case, it won't make your ADHD worse (maybe it will seem like that initially as you train your brain, but it will eventually make a positive difference). Mindfulness involves a drastically different approach to thoughts. Mindfulness is about living fully in the present moment, out of your head and into your life. You can come to enjoy time with your family rather than being trapped in your head, caught in your thoughts or distracted by them. Research has also shown the mindfulness is effective in reducing distractibility, anxiety, depression, and more.
These articles might provide some useful information:
Anxiety, ADHD, or Both? https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2014/09/anxiety-adhd-or-both
Mindfulness Can Calm Anxious Thoughts: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2014/01/mindfulness-can-calm-anxiety
ADHD and Impulsivity: How Meditation Can Help: https://www.healthyplace.com/self-help/adhd/adhd-and-impulsivity-how-meditation-can-help
I hope you find some useful information in these articles and other resources, too. Overcoming ADHD, anxiety, and depression is a gradual process, but it can be done.
I have always been an over thinker but I have never associated it with me having anxiety until reading this article.
I had a surprise party for my birthday last weekend, but I walked out as soon as I walked in to the room.
I have said so many times I would not want a party at all, never mind a surprise one due to how stressed I get with social situations and how much I over think everything. I was so upset that none of my family respected my wishes when they know I hate surprises and have social anxiety. I know they was trying to do something nice and meaningful to me...but it had the total opposite, I have never felt so awkward and then the host also did too with my reaction.
I've been replaying the walking out through my head constantly and feel like I can't face anyone again who was there and keep thinking what they are going to say to me.
I have felt nothing but guilt towards the hosts as I know they'd put so much effort into it and I look so ungrateful.
It's exactly like the gerbil reference, the thoughts are running around on that wheel and I feel like it's never going to come to a stop.
I have started to feel better as the days have gone on as I try to distract myself from thinking about it.
I'm glad you found this to be something relatable. You hit on something really important in your last statement. Distracting ourselves from our thoughts is really powerful in slowing down all of that overthinking. You probably know of this practice as mindfulness. Focusing your attention (over and over again) on something else chips away at anxiety and overthinking. If you're interested in reading more, the article Mindfulness Can Calm Anxious Thoughts might be useful: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2014/01/mindfulness-can-calm-anxiety
As far as your feelings of guilt, guild and anxiety often go hand-in-hand. And they make each other worse! While it's impossible to know what others think, you can consider some possibilities. Maybe they are thinking what you are afraid they are. Maybe they aren't. Maybe they're feeling bad for doing something they knew you didn't want and for making the event about themselves rather than you. Maybe some of them are secretly glad that the event ended because they don't like parties but they don't want to admit it. Maybe others are off onto a bunch of other events and are busy dealing with stressful things so aren't even thinking about the party anymore. It's impossible to know. Which also means it's impossible to know that they are judging you. Just something to think about. :) I'll share one more article. This one's about guilt and anxiety: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2016/07/guilt-a-distressing-effect-of-anxiety
You have incredible perseverance. As you well know, anxiety can be a huge obstacle. By not giving into it, you're already winning the war. Sure, anxiety is winning lots of battles, but you are the one who will come out the victor.
Have you heard of acceptance and commitment therapy? I have seen it work very well with people in situations similar to yours (terrible anxiety that persists despite having tried many things), and I apply the principles of it to myself every day. This article provides some general information about what ACT is and how it can help. It isn't a quick-fix, but it is a very effective "fix" in the long-run. It might be something you find worth investigating further. https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2015/07/stop-avoiding-anxiety-acceptance-and-commitment-therapy/
I hope your appointment went well. Seeing a doctor for help is a really good first step. You're right about the medication, but that's okay. If your did prescribe something, maybe it won't work. But maybe it will. Either way, you have begun your journey to heal, and that's a very positive thing. It can take time, but even so, you can get better. That feeling of being overwhelmed and not knowing what to do is normal. When every you think it, remind yourself that you are doing something already. Time will tell if you'll need to do something different, but right now the important thing is that you have begun to take action. Have you considered seeing a therapist. Many times, a combination of medication and therapy work very well. Keep seeking help and treatment because you can reduce your anxiety so it doesn't interfere in your life anymore.
You have described anxiety very well. There are many types of anxiety, but there are things they all share in common. Regarding your question about anyone else having this, I'll give you an answer as well as leave this open for others to respond. Other people do indeed have this. Just in the united states, over 40 million people live with some sort of an anxiety disorder, and together, anxiety disorders are by far the most common mental disorder. This means that therapists are trained to help people with anxiety. Working with a therapist can help you with these symptoms and more. This doesn't have to last!
Thanks for your comment! I agree with you about social anxiety becoming more of a problem. I think a lot of societal changes are at work here.
I shared a link with Cat that you might like as well. It's to a post entitled Anxiety Says Everyone Hates Me, and there are many comments. Here's the link: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2014/05/anxiety-says-everyone-hates-me/
I don't think you are overreacting at all. This is something that is bothering you, and therefore it's legitimate. I wouldn't risk doing you harm by trying to diagnose you, but I will say that what you describe is similar to anxiety, especially social anxiety. Anxiety is complex and Carebear is right - getting help is important. Just to reinforce the fact that you're not alone and that feeling like everyone hates you feels very real but is a mind trick played by anxiety, I'll share two things. The first is that I can relate to what you describe because I used to think very similar things. This can be overcome, so don't give up. Second, this is a link to a post entitled Anxiety Says Everyone Hates Me. There are numerous comments on the post, and reading through them might help you find useful information. https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2014/05/anxiety-says-everyone-hates-me/
From last month i am vary stressed,confussed and worried i had panic attack that time i was supposed that i m just going loss my life my heart was just racing fast and bp was high have trouble in breathing after that i am just over thinking about death about that condition .i have pain in full body some time chest and throat .its is just unexplainable how i feel its just horrible i cant explain it in words.my stomic is not good every time from last 30 days .i m taking indrioll 40mg but it doesnt effect my condition still my thoughts is same.
I'm sorry you are experiencing this. What you describe can very much be a part of anxiety and panic attacks. It's a frightening experience, and people do describe thinking they're going to die. It's always important to have physical symptoms checked out by a doctor just to rule out causes other than anxiety. Since you're taking medication, I'm guessing you have done that. Next you can turn your attention to reducing anxiety. You're right about medication not helping thoughts. Medication will help the physical brain, structures and chemistry/electrical activity, which then allows you to work on your thoughts. It's a gradual process, but you can change your thinking and your responses to your thoughts.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a useful approach for treating anxiety. This article provides some info: https://www.healthyplace.com/anxiety-panic/articles/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-anxiety-and-panic/
Acceptance and commitment therapy is another helpful approach to anxiety: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2015/07/stop-avoiding-anxiety-acceptance-and-commitment-therapy/
Practicing mindfulness can also be highly effective in dealing with anxious thoughts and panic attacks: https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/anxiety-schmanxiety/2017/11/diy-anxiety-relief-make-3-mindfulness-tools/
Keep working on this, Lub. There isn't a quick fix, but there is a fix.
I love your metaphor of a car with a broken alarm. That is a very apt way to describe panic attacks. Have you seen a therapist for this? I can't diagnose, of course, but what you describe is similar to panic disorder. A therapist can help determine if that's what's going on and work with you on treatment specific to panic disorder.
In the meantime, mindfulness is very helpful in overriding the panic response. Cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are useful, too, but often the brain is stuck in a pattern and can't break out of it easily, making things like CBT and ACT frustrating at best. Mindfulness is something that gently redirects the brain and begins to override that panic response. When you notice panic rising or even find yourself in the midst of a panic attack, find one thing on which to focus. You can carry something with you or find something around you. Don't argue with the panic or try to talk yourself out of it. Simply redirect your thoughts onto the object. Notice how it looks, feels, sounds, etc. (depending on the object). Do this consistently to teach the brain to shift its attention. Over time, the brain responds quickly and panic attacks become shorter, milder, and eventually even nonexistent. You also prepare your brain for structured approaches like CBT and ACT if you'd like to try those. Panic is an automatic response, but it doesn't have to be a permanent one. You can fix your broken car alarm!
4 years now but not until 5 months ago we had not very much to do with one another.
For me he is just a friend but the problem is he is kind of sending my mixed signals.
I must admit I am a natural flirt, I mean I just like to tease the people around me and flirt with them, like literally everybody, that's just how I am.
At first when he started teasing me back I didn't mind. Then as the time flew by people started asking me what our relation between us is.
Slowly I started to overthink everything he did, like paying me dinner, carrying my purse when we were out, giving me small massages and everything. So I thought he may like me more than just a friend. I wouldn't say that I had caught feelings for him, but I realised that he was on my mind constantly.
So I kind of thought maybe we would develop a relationship someday, like in a romantic way.
But then I found out that the kissed a friend of mine and they made out and it just really confuses me. Like he is totally confusing. I don't get what he wants.
I know that I am overthinking and that I honestly should not care about that but I just can't stop. That's why I am writing.
Maybe you could give me some advice?
I would appreciate it very much.
Kindest regards,
Relationships, both friendships and romantic partnerships, can be difficult to navigate. Overthinking is very common, especially because there are no easy, obvious answers. You are probably well aware of this! HealthyPlace has a relationships community that you might find to be a helpful resource. You can find it here: https://www.healthyplace.com/relationships/
I am constantly thinking about work. I have 2 kids one is in middle school and is in elementary school. Now a days I am not thinking about my kids, family. After coming from office ,something I cook and give them food, take them to actives that's it. Don't feel like talking. My thyroid level became high in last 2 weeks because of stress. I am feeling so much tired. Now a days I don't enjoy anything like watching TV , Facebook, listing music. I like to talk with friends, go out but I don't have many friends.Weekend we both are busy with kids activities, groceries and cooking ,nothing special on weekends no party, no get together.
I don't know is this Anxiety , depression?
Can I see the psychiatrist. Shall I leave this job and relax for few months. Don't know what to do.
I am not good at English writing. I feel uncomfortable while writing I can talk but can't write. English is not my native language.
Please let me Tanya what shall I Do.
Don't worry about your English in writing. I can understand you perfectly. While I'm not in a position to diagnose you, I'll just make an observation that what you are describing does have some components of both anxiety and depression. But that doesn't mean that they're strong enough or numerous enough to be full-blown anxiety or depression. It makes a lot of sense that you are feeling this way and having so many thoughts about work. Returning to work after any health issue -- especially brain surgery -- is a challenge, and thyroid issues make matters worse. It's amazing how much the tiny thyroid has to do with our health and wellbeing. You were very right in communicating to your boss that you haven't fully recovered yet. I'm sorry he didn't listen. You have a lot going on in addition to healing, and it sounds like it all involves work, whether that work is at your job or at home with your family. Your kids are at challenging stages that can be exhausting physically and mentally.) You're tired from healing and from demands plus aren't able to have the element of fun/enjoyment in your life right now. That all takes its toll. This is normal and will pass, but it's difficult while it's happening. You mentioned a psychiatrist. You might not need a psychiatrist, as psychiatrists specialize in medication. You might consider a therapist (especially a woman). You can talk with a therapist, and you can sort things out. As difficult as things are right now, you will get through this. You're speaking up, and you know that you don't like how things are right now so you're looking for ways to change. Right there is proof that you'll get through this.
this is hard for me to explain, but I'm worried about my best friend (14). We used to talk, laugh and do everything together, but recently she's been very quiet and distant. However, this only happens when we're in a certain friendship group because when we hang out with other people in school she suddenly becomes her bubbly self again. When she's distant, she seems to try to avoid any conversation and is always on her phone (she never used to do this) . So, I asked her what was wrong because I couldn't handle not knowing any line her. She says she just overthinks everything, such as other people's reactions, and she worries too much. However, she won't tell me exactly what's going on with her. She mentioned that she looks at web pages to educate herself on what's bothering her, but it makes her even more upset. She also told me that some days she'll be alright, but on others she won't. I've tried being a supportive friend by giving her advice, but I don't really know what I should be doing. She said she's really stressed about everything and she definitely didn't look very happy when we were talking. I'm worried about her because I don't want her feeling bad and overthinking anything, I want her to go back to her normal happy self. Any advice?
Thank you,
It's really cool that you have gone to such lengths to help your friend. Not everyone would do this (how much better the world would be if everyone could be so caring and act on it). That said, it's important for you to know that you aren't responsible for other people and their happiness or actions. Do what you can do, like talking to her, reaching out for help, and know that other people have responsibility for themselves, too. I just wanted to throw that out there because sometimes people who are so caring and who value friendships like this can put too much on their own shoulders. :)
It would be good if your friend could connect with an adult who can listen and talk to her from a different perspective (outside of her peers who she feels she has to put on a bubbly face for or avoid by hiding behind her phone). Anybody that has been a positive part of her life will be a good start. Maybe a teacher, school counselor, or other school staff member, coach/activity leader, clergy member, etc. You can gently suggest to your friend that she talk to someone. If she refuses but doesn't improve, it's okay for you to go talk to the person and explain what's going on. The person will either reach out to your friend or point you to someone else that would be a better help.
A warning: sometimes (not always) people get angry when someone tries to get them help. In most cases, once the person is feeling better, he/she will be very glad for the help and no longer be angry.
I think your friend is lucky to have you as a friend. While you can't solve her problems, you're being supportive and helping her help herself. Not everyone can do that.
I'm 19 and a student.
Currently i have this one friend. To me, he's a very good company. both of us met about 2 months ago. but actually we were in the same kindergarten years ago. we seemed to be very closed to each other. we had dinner together everyday, tried every new foods in our college, walked to class together (even though we're not in the same class and program
) and do almost everything together. Im very grateful to have a friend like him.
however, lately i realised that he's distancing himself from me. we do have dinner together, participate volunteering works together. but we dont talk much like we used to. i dont like that.
so, what happened was, last night, i asked him what's wrong?
He said that i am too clingy that everywhere i go, i always wanted him to be with me and he couldnt bear with it anymore.
i admit that i am a person like that. some people like it and some dont. dont they? so, i apologised and told him that i'll fix that. it was that actually i dont quite understand him, since we've just knew each other.
i think i've got influenced by the movies i watched where two best friends usually do things together, go everywhere together, go on a travel together, understand each other etc.
so, i expected him to do the mentioned things above. my bad.
and the conversation continued..
i told him that there's one thing that i couldnt control when i'm with him or with my other closed friends. that's Overthinking.
i used to think lots of unnecessary thoughts. like you said above, about things that i shouldve said, done and what not. but sometimes some thoughts like how my friends feel about me do came across my mind. However, i knew that these thoughts are just nothing. they're just there. so, i ignored them. i made myself busy.
but the longer i tried to ignore them, the more that i got hurt. what do i do? i really hope that you can help me, tanya.
Relationships, whether they're friendships, romantic relationships, and even family relationships, are so hard! It seems like the longer we know someone, the harder they become. A lot of it has to do with the thoughts you described. You made an excellent point about movies. This is something that happens a lot. We (and I say "we" because I've done it and still do it until I catch myself) tend to interpret movies and TV as representations of reality. They seem real, after all. And they often portray the ideal relationships that people want. What we forget is that they're scripted. The people say what they say and do what they do because they have lines and directions provided. (Look at how the real people, the celebrities who play the characters, behave in real life. There's evidence of non-scripted behavior!).
What has happened is that movies and TV have warped our expectations. And when things don't go like they do on screen, we question what's "wrong" and overthink to try to get things back to how we think they should be. Unrealistic expectations, no matter where they come from, cause a great deal of heartache, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and more. Something that is helpful for many people (myself included) is to take an honest look at our expectations. Even write them out. What is your vision of a great friendship? Then get honest with yourself. How many of your qualities fit in the real world? How would you define a good relationship with more realistic, unscripted, undirected, features? Then, what actions do you need to take to override your unrealistic expectations and work toward the realistic ones? Sometimes it works to observe others and talk to people you trust about their relationships.
I honestly say kudos to you for your insight about movies. You've got it! Now run with it (but know that it's a process that takes time.)
As if the teen years weren't challenging enough for teens and parents! Anxiety can grip teens, and given their stage of development and unique way their brain thinks and processes, can make it grow easily and quickly. I might muddle everything by suggesting things that might contradict the work your son is doing with his therapist (there are so many approaches to anxiety, but trying too many at one time could increase anxiety). I do have a resource to share with you. It's a book called Helping Your Anxious Teen: Positive Parenting Strategies to Help Your Teen Beat Anxiety, Stress, and Worry by Dr. Sheila Achar Josephs. Dr. Josephs specializes in anxiety in teens and helping parents help teens. The book is available on Amazon, but it might be available at your local library, too. The book contains practical, helpful strategies. Your son is very lucky, by the way. Sadly, not every parent is patient, and not every parent will take their child/teen to see a therapist. It might not seem like these are big things, but they are huge. Even if you haven't seen results, in being so caring and supportive, you are having a very positive, helpful effect on your son.
Thanks for your time
I'm so sorry to read of all of these things you have been dealing with, one right after the other. Your reaction is very normal. This article from the Anxiety and Depression Association of America has information about anxiety that relates to health, and it talks about cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). That is a treatment approach that helps people change their thoughts about themselves and things in their life: https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/health-anxiety
Have you thought of what you would say to your wife or kids if they were going through what you are? What things would you tell them? How would you truthfully encourage them? If they were being hard on themselves, how would you handle it? If you give time and thought to these questions (and other concepts similar to them), you could turn the tables and say those things to yourself. Treat yourself with the same compassion as you would your family.
Finally, despite your pain (actually, because of it), find ways to bring joy into your life when movement is probably limited right now. Reading, playing games with your family, working on a model, etc. -- engage in something that helps you take your mind off of the physical and emotional pain. Whatever you do, hang in there.
I'm very happy to hear this. Keep going in the direction you are taking yourself. It's always my pleasure to respond because we're all in this thing called life together. :)


text:
CHED marks another milestone with more Filipino youth in college
MANILA More Filipino youth with access to free tertiary education marks a significant milestone in the 25 years of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
In an interview with the Philippine News Agency (PNA) on Thursday, CHED chair J. Prospero de Vera III said the commission's biggest achievement in almost three decades would be its contribution to the country's manpower, by producing more Filipino youth "who are better educated, better trained, and more employable".
"These youth will be the engine of growth of this country through Republic Act 10931. Now, in our 25 years, we are an agency implementing the biggest innovation in higher education which is free higher quality education," he said.
De Vera said 1.3 million youth in public universities no longer pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, about 300,000 college students get tertiary education subsidy, and deserving students receive merit scholarships.
The free tertiary education law was fully implemented in 2018, which mandates the free tuition and miscellaneous fees in state universities and colleges.
For school year 2018-2019, the government has allocated a budget of PHP40 billion PHP16 billion for Free Higher Education, another PHP16 billion for the Tertiary Education Subsidy for needy students, PHP7 billion for Technical-Vocational Education and Training, and PHP1 billion for the Student Loan Program.
In 1994, CHED was established through Republic Act 7722 or Higher Education Act of 1994.
"From a bureau of the Department of Education into a full-blown commission doing the work in higher education in the national, ASEAN, international levels promoting access and equity. We have close to 2,000 higher education institutions in the Philippines because initially when CHED was created, what we had were state universities and colleges, now we have local universities and colleges," De Vera said.
De Vera also lauded CHED employees for their commitment to education.
"We'd like to thank and congratulate the employees for all the hard work they've been doing. There are employees in CHED who were part of the original batch when CHED was created so we're going to recognize them during these 25 years," he said.
To celebrate its 25th anniversary, CHED's officials and employees held a Unity Walk around the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City Thursday. (PNA)
Source: Philippines News Agency

subset: commoncrawl


text: Serendipity Communications is a strategic communications, public relations and business development firm located in the heart of America's Midwest in southeastern Wisconsin. We offer strategic communication services using both new and traditional media to deliver key messages that build brand exposure and engage consumers. We specialize in working with governmental bodies, nonprofit organizations along with small and emerging businesses. Alicia Griffin, Serendipity Communications' founder, has experience that spans nearly three decades in communications and public relations. She has worked with and maintains many long-term partnerships with corporate executives, public officials and leaders of nonprofit organizations in strategic planning, crisis communications and corporate positioning. During Alicia's career, she has provided strategic counseling and communications support to corporate leaders, elected officials and community organizations. This occurred while serving in various roles at McDonald's Corporation, WeEnergies, Milwaukee County, The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The Milwaukee Community Journal, Hansberry Sands Theatre Company and the former Milwaukee Inner City Arts Council.


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Why R22 is replaced with R410A?
Its performance is similar to R22 and it does not contain chlorine and hence it is less damaging to Ozone layer.
Top R410 and R22 refrigerants:
Volume (in lbs)
Rating (out of 5)
|$100.00 + $25.00 shipping
List Price: $179.00
|$75.00 + $12.00 shipping
|$64.00 + $26.70 shipping
|$325.73 + $29.05 shipping
Can i buy R410A Legally without certification?
Unlike R22, R410A is not covered under refrigerant sales restriction. So any home owner can buy cans or cylinders of R410A.You don't need to have any certification.
Can i put R410A in my R22 AC System?
No. The air conditioning cycle of R410A and R22 are same but there are some major differences. R410A operates at 60 % higher pressure than R22 and so it puts extra pressure on all AC components. It is also not compatible with mineral oil used in R22 Systems.
What are the Popular Brand names of R410A Refrigerant apart from ones listed above?
GENETRON AZ-20, SUVA 410A, Forane 410A, and Puron.
What precautions are needed to fill R410A AC Systems?
It must be taken out in liquid form from cylinder to avoid its separation into individual components. A quick charge adapter is needed to convert refrigerant from liquid to vapour before it enters the suction line.
Is it necessary to change R22 systems to R410A?
Manufacturers will stop producing R22 AC systems from 2010 But the R22 refrigerant will be available till 2020.After 2020, there will be complete phase. So you don't need to change your R22 system to R410A unless you are too big fan of Green planet syndrome.
Differences between R410A and R22 Refrigerant
• It operates in same temperature range as R22.
• It operates at 60 % higher pressure than R22.
• It uses POE oil instead of Mineral oil as in the case of R22.
• R410a is HFC (hydro fluorocarbon) while R22 is HCFC (hydro chloro fluoro carbon ).
• R410A has zero ozone depletion potential because it does not have any chlorine atom while R22 is not safe for ozone layer because of the presence of chlorine.
• Temperature glide of R410A is .2 while that of R22 is zero.
• R410A has GWP of 1975 while that of R22 is 1700.
• R410A is more energy efficient (about 5 %) than R22.
Different AC companies markets R410A under different brand names
• Carrier brands it as Puron
• Dupont brands it as Suva 9100
• Rheem brands it as ProZone
• Lennox brands it as Environ
• Sanyo brands it as Cooleron
Some points to remember while doing leak testing for R410A
• It is illegal to vent R410A in air as it is protected under clean air act.
• Repair any leak that is over 15 % of annual system charge.
• Ultrasonic and electronic leak detectors are good for testing any R410A leaks but avoid Halide leak detectors.
Take care of below points while charging or evacuating R410A air conditioners
• Recovery cylinders are grey (with yellow top).They must be rated for 400 PSI. Never fill these cylinders to maximum capacity.
• While charging R410A cylinder must be inverted and refrigerant must enter as liquid inside the AC unit.
• Color of R410A Cylinder is pink.
How to replace existing R22 systems with R410A?
• Compressor, evaporator coil and expansion valves must be changed while replacing old R22 systems with R410A because R410A operates at higher pressure than R22 and so puts different kind of demands on AC unit.
• Also remember to remove all traces of mineral oil.
• Use only driers rated for R410A.
• Replace the old AC pressure lines (copper).
Do i need different manifold gauges for R410A?
Yes. The R410A operates at a much higher pressure on both low and high sides than R22 .
What is the usual pressure on low side and high side of R410A?
It will be between 110 to 140 PSI on low side and 250 to 400 PSI on high side.
I am retrofitting my R22 AC TO R410A.Can i use the same existing AC pressure lines (copper)?
No. Your old copper line was not designed to handle the extra pressure caused by using R410A.Using it can damage your AC, increase leak chances and compromise on performance. Copper is costly and you can sale it separately.
Will i loose Warranty if i mix R22 and R410A?
Yes. A system is designed to perform for a single refrigerant. Mixing two refrigerants will create a pressure different from the one system was designed for and it can damage AC and impact the performance.
How to know that my AC contains R22 or R410A?
Try the below methods
• Make a note of model no and brand and call the manufacturer.
• Check the manual provided to you for the used refrigerant.
• Check the nameplate (usually on outdoor condensing unit) for type of refrigerant used in your air conditioner.
Is it illegal to release R22 in air during charging or servicing of R22 systems?
Yes. The clean air act prohibits the release of R22 in air. The R22 must be collected for reuse during servicing, evacuation or charging.
Does California have separate laws?
Yes. Please check them with your manufacturer.
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When you love to spend and shop as much as I do, you need a few tricks up your sleeve to maximize your money. Because when the cash in my shopping clip is gone, it's gone—at least until next month's budget!
So, how do I stretch my spending money further? With a little know-how and some people skills! I'm talking about the art of negotiation, you guys. I use it all the time and love it! Here's how you can, too.
- Always tell the truth. No little white lies allowed. You'll feel better—and be more eager to share your tips for success with others—if you maintain your integrity.
- Use the power of cash. This right here automatically sets you apart from the competition. A buyer who guarantees payment, even at a discount, beats out a buyer who promises but may not be able to deliver.
- Know when to walk away. You guys, if we want to really love our lives and our bank accounts, we can't get too attached to stuff. So, if you can't come to an agreement that feels right to both you and the seller, kindly pass. And who knows? That might be what it takes to reach a compromise!
- Know when to stop talking. I love to talk. But I also know how much silence pays off! When you make an offer, resist the urge to explain, defend or coerce. Just wait. Let the seller do the talking and see what happens. You might be surprised. After all, good things come to those who wait.
- Use the line, "That's not good enough." This might seem harsh, but you can say it without being mean. Use a friendly tone and smile. Stick to your commitment to honesty and let the seller know where you stand. Remember, this is your hard-earned money. Honor that by showing your money some dignity and respect.
- Keep an eye out for the "good guy, bad guy" technique. You'll know this is happening if the person you're dealing with directly wants to give you the moon but the guy in the back says they can only give you a moon pie. Basically, if you're offered a deal that's hardly any deal at all, you're probably getting played.
- Practice the "If I take away . . ." technique. When you want an item and the deal truly stinks, add something else to the package. Let's say you're buying a bed and it costs $500. Tell the seller you'll pay $500 if they throw in a dresser, too. If the seller says no, explain that without the dresser, you'll need a discount on the bed.
As you negotiate, remember this: Be patient. I know it can be hard, but I promise, you guys, it pays off . . . literally.
Saving money with great deals is awesome, but it doesn't really matter if it goes right back out the door. If you want to learn how to take control of your money, check out Financial Peace University.


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The Top 10 Cautious Strategies For Investing In Bitcoin
As crypto currency prices continue to rise, it is important the investors understand how bitcoin, and other similar crypto assets how changed the face of investing forever. Having a cryptocurrency investment strategy is the secret to living an abundant retirement, and who better to learn from than business owners that have invested in Bitcoin since the very beginning. Learn what it takes to effectively invest in Bitcoin in today's market, and how to avoid the pitfalls that so many crypto investors have fallen for in the past.
1st Tax Inc.
Understand what kind of an investor you are. Some investors do better as buy and hold, the backronym for holding in the crypto world, and gain from the long-term growth. Others enjoy the challenge of jumping in and out of the market. Sometimes it takes a while to get to know yourself and which kind of investor you are. It can be very painful when the market goes down, so you need to know if you can hang on during that time, or if you will panic and sell. If you are the type to panic it is better to trade because then you are likely to get out at an earlier stage with stop losses set and the like. But if you can handle the temporary pain, holding for the long term usually pays out in bigger gains.
Maya Middlemiss
Investing in Bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency is highly speculative, and as a completely new asset class it is more important than ever to appreciate that values can go down as well as up. Whilst you should never invest more than you could afford to lose, the potential returns are also unprecedented. As such, you could regard it as a 'Pascale's Wager' situation, in which it is pretty much a risk not to get involved – at least to some extent. Ensure your investment in Bitcoin or cryptoassets generally forms part of a diverse portfolio – in which this uncorrelated asset class can play an important role in de-risking overall.
Either opt for a managed institutional product, or educate yourself in how to securely manage and store the private keys to your cryptoassets. Do NOT leave them on a trading exchange. It is vital to understand the extent of your individual personal responsibility for this, there is no 'bitcoin helpdesk' you can contact if you lose your keys or send a transfer to the wrong place. This is probably the single most important thing to understand for new investors in the space, because it doesn't matter how a crypto asset performs in the market if you have lost the ability to access it.
Brad Hines
Bitcoin may not even be the leading cryptocurrency anymore. In the same vein as how "Friendster" was the social media network receiving venture backing in 2002, and a household name shortly later, now you are hard pressed to find a younger millennial that even knows what it was. So as Facebook emerged when the dust settled, some of the other cryptocurrencies are more based on more robust blockchain technology than that of bitcoin, bitcoin is simply the current most-known. It's possible that bitcoin won't be the first widely-adopted digital currency, and instead that a so-called altcoin will bear the title (Ethereum, Ripple, Dash, etc.). For this reason, unless you believe you have advantageous information over others in the market, the best bet to go long cryptocurrency is to own a diversified amount (that you can afford to lose) of the top 5-10 cryptocurrencies shown on coinmarketcap.com.
Vivek Sancheti
Buy low sell high
It's a simple principle which is to be followed by any kind of investment, but it's equally difficult to recognize that whether current is high or low. So how to do this? Well, follow these simple things to decide if the current price is high or low to buy.
Check the price of last 90 days. Get the average price of last 90 days, get the low and high of last 90 days. See if the current price is around low and is below or around average. Then it's pretty good price to buy. Avoid buying if the current price is around the peak of high of last 90 days.
Never panic sell
If you see the prices are deteriorating, try to be patient and determine a position before exiting. Follow the same method as stated above. See if the current price has gone below 90 days low or all time low? And decide accordingly.
Purchase the Bitcoin from legal and proper sources
Like every other online business, Bitcoin world is also filled with scammers who try to sell Bitcoin in cheap on various classified sites and in the end, they do not give bitcoin but run away with your money. So try to avoid such sites and try to buy from reputed sites.
Store bitcoin safely
If you are holding bitcoin in some exchange's wallet then do note that the bitcoin is actually owned by the exchange and not by you as the key of the same is with them not with you. So try to store bitcoin in a safe place like hardware or paper wallet and store the seed keys of the same properly.
Henry Stanley
Here are some of my tips for investing in Bitcoin, Objectives – Before you purchase Bitcoin, you want to know your objective of the trade. If your purchasing bitcoin to make a trade based on technical analysis, and that trade doesn't work out as planned, then close it out. You don't want to turn a trade into a long-term investment if that is not your objective going into the trade.
Investment only what you can afford to lose – Just like a stock, you should only risk the money you can afford to lose. If you need the money for a car payment or to pay your rent, given the volatility of the market you should not be placing that money into the crypto market or even the stock market. I know that it maybe tempting to try to
quickly double your money but the trade can go against you.
Avoid the Noise – I know this easier said then done, but try avoiding the noise, its easy to get caught up with the hype that bitcoin is going to the 100,000 or 1,000,000 when the coin is making record highs or that it's a bubble and its going to zero when its going down. Getting caught up in the noise can lead you to make a decision that is
counter your objective.
Saad Rizvi
When it comes to Bitcoin, my top 3 bits of advice for a new investor would be: 1. Focus on the long-term life of your investments. With the way the media reports on cryptocurrency and Bitcoin, it's easy to get caught up in the hype and either buy on feelings of excitement, or panic and sell when you see the price drop. New investors need to realize that Bitcoin is not a get-rich-quick scheme. Investing is a financial decision that should be approached the same way you'd invest in other financial markets. Use a
reliable investment platform which is uncomplicated and easy to manage. This will help an investor keep track of their assets with less work and stress. Some investors prefer to trade their cryptos actively on exchanges, but that can be an arduous and risky undertaking due to the constant swings in the market. Day trading and swing trading should only be conducted by a seasoned investor with a deep market understanding. Maintain a diverse portfolio. Just like in any market, an investor should keep several types of assets in their bag. The crypto market is volatile and moody.
It can shoot up one day and drop out from under you the next. The benefit of keeping differently performing coins under your control is they will not all be affected the same way during market adjustments and corrections. So the goal is to have your assets complement each other and keep your investments at least balanced out at the end of the day. Finally, you should consider crypto investing to be a relatively high-risk subset of your overall portfolio across traditional assets like stocks, bonds, cash and real estate. As an emerging asset class, crypto investing can potentially earn great returns over the medium term, but it will also encounter tremendous swings along the way. Do not invest more than what you are willing to risk entirely, and always make sure you have a safety nest tucked away in lower risk assets before you branch off to crypto investing.
Erik Apple
PMBC Group
With the popularity of Bitcoin rising exponentially, many traders and investors are finding out that trading cryptocurrency isn't totally different than what they are already used to. The keys to trading BTC are based on a lot of the same principles.
The first recommendation I have is to practice patience when investing. Warren Buffet may not always be right, but he is when he says that, 'The market is a device for moving money from the impatient to the patient.' That means you should never be in a rush, as the market is going to be there. Another opportunity to make profits will come; stick to your guns and don't let the fear of missing out (FOMO) get to you. Set goals and targets for each token/coin and wait.
The second recommendation I'm going to give you is to use the tools at your disposal. Use your stop limits and set alarms within your trading apps that will notify you when a token/coin has hit a certain price. That way you can take some profits as your trade moves up. These two tools take a lot of the guesswork out of trading, and when using them, you greatly avoid the possibility of big losses and ensure the chance that you can claim your rewards!
Thomas Maxon
The best tip when it comes to Bitcoin and cryptocurrency trading, is to master a fundamental best practice: security. If this is your first time trading Bitcoin or other currencies (known as alt-coins), be aware than it's unlike any other type of trade you've ever made. It's really a wild west scenario – there is much profit to be made, but beware of digital bandits. If you're not careful a hacker could steal away a new investment before you have any idea about what happened. Once your coin is gone, it's gone forever.
Luckily there are easy ways to prevent this from ever happening. I usually recommend all traders, new or experienced, to purchase a cold storage wallet. This is a secure safe that allows only you to have access to your coins. Cold storage is a must have if you are going to be trading Bitcoin.
Evan Maslennikov
My first advice to any investor would be to put off doubts and fears and add crypto assets to your investment portfolio. The second main topic here is security. You need to make sure that you personally hold all the accesses to all your assets and never lose your private keys.
Every newcomer should consider cryptocurrency as a long-term investment. Patience is a trick here, since the market itself is immature so far and thus extremely volatile. I would also recommend to invest not only in Bitcoin itself but consider other strong market players. The team behind the project is a crucial factor in crypto, so you can always unexpectedly meet a new leader. You can go to coinmarketcap.com, for example, to browse the market and create your own portfolio of top-x coins to reduce risks.
Carol LinVieira
Bx3 Consulting
Buying bitcoin now isn't about current price it's about the theme. Bitcoin is at the forefront of global economies transition from paper money to digital currency. It is in the same place Amazon was in 2007 with the shift from brick and mortar retail to the online marketplace. A shrewd investor will accumulate at every dip, and will be very happy in the long run.


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Virtual: I Love the Noise That the Chicken Makes
MacStories Federico Viticci Nov 22, 2014
MacStories Nov 22, 2014
Federico Viticci Nov 22, 2014 Read Source
Nov 22, 2014
This week Federico and Myke talk about the upcoming Majora's Mask remake, Call of Duty Advanced Warfare, Fantasy Life, Monument Valley, Sunset Overdrive, Shovel Knight, Crossy Road and Vain Glory.
We talked about a lot of games this week, but expect even more in the next few weeks between Super Smash Wii U, amiibo, and Pokémon ORAS. Get the episode here.
Side note: The original Nintendo DS came out 10 years ago today. To celebrate, you can read this beautiful post at TinyCartridge and go listen to the Nintendo DS keynote retrospective we did when the show was called Directional.
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Providing householders from Mount Hood to East Portland distinctive remodeling companies for residence, kitchen, and bathroom with superior high quality and craftsmanship for greater than 1 / 4 century. These picturesque multi-story properties are designed to resemble Italian villas. Probably the most predominant function of this model is its imposing scale and formal design incorporating classical particulars resembling columns and spherical arches. One model of the fashion options a large rectangular building, often three or more stories in peak, topped by a flat roof with a crowning balustrade.
Once you've got chosen an online store the place you wish to shop, go on the retailer's website and look at the costs listed there. Outlet stores attempt to make their reductions seem pretty much as good as attainable with indicators suggesting that prices are maybe 65% off. However, based on Consumer Stories the average financial savings are nearer to 38%. For those who compare the prices listed on the retailer's web site to what you see on the outlet retailer, you may have a significantly better understanding of how a lot you are really saving.
Create customized design boards from excessive-high quality pictures of the types and spaces that inspire you. As soon as your design board is complete, DesignMine lets you easily share it with family and friends. And once you're ready, you possibly can collaborate with local pros to deliver your imaginative and prescient to life.
Watch how your panorama will mature over time.
If you happen to're looking for an experienced, detail-oriented, full-service home remodeler serving Southern California communities, flip to the professionals at American Home Reworking. Power Veterans Initiative (PVI): PVI is Power's flagship veterans employment initiative fueling business development, creating an adept leadership pipeline, and delivering main ROI. PVI was pitched to the co-CEO by Michael Hansen; an Iraq Battle vet who thought Energy wasn't doing enough to rent veterans. His imaginative and prescient was not for the typical corporate social responsibility program, but as a talent acquisition and enterprise progress strategy based mostly on metrics exhibiting veterans at Power outperforming civilian colleagues in gross sales quantity, quality assurance, customer happiness, and management advancement. PVI has boosted veteran and spousal employment from 35 in 2016 to 225 right now, constructed a nationwide infrastructure helping vets transition and thrive, and is backed by $2.5 million in dedicated annual funding. Power has gone from a company with a blind spot to a national thought chief on behalf of veterans — even featured in the Washington Submit.
What's the best half about building a new dwelling? You can usually get one of the best offers at outlet stores by buying off-season. Buy your winter clothing in the summer and summer time objects in the winter. This can prevent much more. And you should definitely understand the store's return coverage. In case you don't wish to have to make another 20 or 30 mile drive back to the shop, make sure you ask about its return coverage. Many of the common stores will not take returns from outlet shops so it is essential to know if that is so.
You must also store early in the day.
We're blissful to supply a wide variety of transforming companies in your home together with toilet remodeling, additions, renovations, and extra. There's nothing incorrect with putting family heirlooms alongside your fashionable couch. All good interior decorators will let you know that a very powerful facet to decorating your home is that it displays who you might be, your personality and your model. The vintage Chippendale desk that was your grandfather's tells a narrative. It tells the story of your past. The modern couch you fell in love with and simply needed to buy also tells a narrative, your present story, and there's no cause why the present and previous can't co-exist beautifully collectively. The same will be stated for art. Now you might not wish to place a painting by Salvador Dali on the same wall subsequent to a Monet, however there is no cause why they can't be in the same room collectively. With materials whether or not or not it's furnishings, rugs or pillows, varied colours and patterns can carry warmth and texture into your residing house.
In case you're in search of an skilled, element-oriented, full-service home remodeler serving Southern California communities, flip to the professionals at American Residence Transforming. We count on our residence to guard us from the elements. Maintain us heat when snow is falling outside. Maintain us cool when the warmth index tops the charts. But when extreme weather strikes, it really tests our dwelling's façade, and generally with out warning. We may not have the ability to control the climate, however fortunately, we're in a position to decide on what our home is made out of, and with James Hardie® siding, you get each excessive efficiency and excessive design.
Our Freedom homes can convey your premium design concepts collectively at surprisingly low costs. Designer by Metricon is a model stuffed with gorgeous contemporary designs for dwelling house owners who're able to improve their living house to suit their way of life, and our Signature vary helps you bring your luxurious design desires to life.


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Getting to grips with enquiry: how geography's core pedagogy fits with the evidence.
Enquiry is the fundamental pedagogy that drives geography. It helps to develop informed young people and ensures that geographical knowledge is rooted to people and places. Indeed, geography without places and people isn't geography. For the past ten years I've been sharing what geographical enquiry looks like during sequences of lessons and, given the recent trend toward evidence informed teaching, enquiry seems to have taken a backseat in some geography departments. This post aims to link enquiry to current educational thinking.
Before I begin, when I started teaching I thought that enquiry learning demanded lessons where the young people chose what to do and carried out an independent investigation. This came from my own misunderstanding of what enquiry is, rather than my own ITT. Although students by Year 9, and certainly by Year 11 should be able to carry out enquiries largely independently, it's clear that I was mistaken.
What is enquiry?
So, what is enquiry? Well, like educational research that can only highlight what worked in some contexts and times and so may work somewhere else, enquiry must be rooted in the classroom and institutional context. Margaret Roberts defines the process as:
However, to trainees and indeed some more experienced staff, this is not useful. In 2008 when I became a Head of Geography, I produced the following flow chart that outlines the process and it is what I still use today:
What is important to note that this is a process that must be rooted to real places and real people.
Direct instruction?
Now, although enquiry is highlighted in the Key Stage 1-4 geography orders and is a critical part of A'Level geography (see full slides below for detail), the mistake I made as a novice teacher is that young people could navigate enquiry without much teaching. In hindsight, this was clearly bonkers because novice learners are not able to make good decisions without knowledge.
Therefore, geographers not only have to explicitly teach each aspect of the enquiry process (and always within the context of geographical knowledge rather than divorced from it) but also have to ensure that the geographical knowledge has been taught. The geography has to be taught before it can be applied.
It's also important to remember that no school based enquiries aim to create new geographical knowledge. Whilst that may be what geographers do in the real world, young people need the knowledge before taking that step.
Of course, if our expectations are of excellence, we should and must expect young people to be able to carry out the process independently and I certainly do by Year 9.
Another mistake that I made early on is that the excitement of geographical content is enough to motivate students. If geography teachers aren't careful, this approach can lead to a skewed and bias view of the world rather than the balanced, critical minds that we seek to develop.
This means that geography sequences of lessons and enquiry need to be focused on raising achievement. And, let us not forget, the importance of student-teacher relationships grounded in mutual respect.
Enquiry as story telling
Willingham points out the power of narrative and the enquiry process can be used to structure geographical knowledge into stories, all be it ones that are based in real places.
Floating topicality
Much has been written about floating topicality ( a term I first encountered in 2004 from Jeff Stanfield, the then Geography Inspector for Hampshire) and whether planned learning sequences should be disrupted in order to consider current events.
I would argue the following:
- Planned topicality should be central to curriculum design. For example, I always plan to teach about tropical storms during the Atlantic hurricane season and about Mount Everest some time in May when both are likely to be in the news.
- News events that are covered within the geography curriculum can be considered by all year groups. I advocate a small amount of time with each class considering the topic. This not only helps to pre-teach material but can be used as retrieval practice for students that have already been taught the material. For example, when considering the recent tsunami, we discussed that it's no possible to directly compare all effects with those of previous events as the long term impacts are not yet clear.
- Considering recent events through a geographical lens ensured that we meet our responsibility outlined in the National Curriculum to inspire in pupils 'a sense of curiosity and fascination' with the world. Furthermore, if we are to become 'boring' teachers and ignore the chance to apply geographical knowledge to real world events to ensure better outcomes for young people, then the appeal of being a geography teacher wanes somewhat.
Students have always required a vast amount of geographical knowledge to pass both GCSE and A'Level examinations. Enquiry learning was central to Priory Geography, where we increase the A*-C measure by over 40% in three years. So it seems we can have a vibrant, enquiry led geography curriculum and enjoy examination success. Cake anyone?
The full slidedeck:
Getting to grips with enquiry 2018 slideshare from David Rogers
Photo by Evan Dennis on Unsplash


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In 2006, she was in favor of public option
"I actually in 2005 ran on Medicare for all."
— PolitiFact New York
on Wednesday, May 22nd, 2019
Margin is slim, but she said "no" more
For Cabinet posts, "I have the best voting record against Trump nominees of anyone else running for president"
— PolitiFact New York
on Friday, March 29th, 2019
True using data tracked by the state
"Black and Latino people in NYC are arrested at TEN times the rate of white people for virtually the same rate of marijuana usage."
— PolitiFact New York
on Wednesday, April 25th, 2018


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The art of roses
Hoover man turns love for roses into a skilled art Read more
Behind the lioness, and what makes her roar
A.D. Lawrence's most recent work When the Lioness Roars...Again and Again was published in April 2015. Read more
Vacation Bible School Roundup
Below is a roundup of the Vacation Bible Schools taking place in our area. Read more
From 'Acting Out' to acting in a major motion picture
Hoover residents can expect to see a familiar face when author John Green's second novel-turned-movie, Paper Towns, hits theaters in June. Read more
Third generation florist enjoys home in Hoover
A third generation florist, Karen Morgan Jenkins likes to say she was born into the business. Read more
Keeping Hoover beautiful, one tree at a time
Hoover's annual Arbor Day tree giveaway at Aldridge Gardens will start at 9:30 a.m. tomorrow. Read more
Area churches host seasonal consignment sales
The T-N-T Consignment Sale will be open 9 a.m.-6 p.m. today and 8 a.m.-1 p.m. Saturday at Riverchase United Methodist Church. Read more
Q & A with Jayne Morgan Featured artist from Artists on the Bluff
This month, the Hoover Sun kicks off a new series where we will feature one of the many artisans who make their professional home at AOTB. This month's featured artist is Jayne Morgan. Read more
Get to know Miss Alabama USA, Hoover's own Madison Guthrie
Madison Guthrie, a former Spain Park student, was crowned Miss Alabama USA in November. Read more
Mainstreet Monograms and More combines Hoover couples' talents
In July 2014, Donna and Wade Tippins opened Mainstreet Monograms and More within Patton Creek. Read more
Local students shine in Red Mountain Theatre Company's Holiday Spectacular
If the words, "Take a Walk through Bethlehem" don't mean anything to you, make this the season you join in one of the city's most beloved traditions, Red Mountain Theatre Company's Holiday Spectacular. Read more
Get to Know Bill Powell
Executive Director of the Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce answers questions with The Hoover Sun. Read more
Owls Hollow Farm Market offers fresh produce, local merchandise
Since the founding of Pepper Place Market in 2000, Owls Hollow Farm owner Rod Palmer has harvested the best of the naturally grown fruits and vegetables from his Turkeytown, Alabama, farm, for the Saturday morning shoppers. Read more
Channeling pain into purpose
Hoover resident Kayla Perry was diagnosed with neuroblastoma one month after her 18th birthday. She and her family have created the foundation Open Hands Overflowing Hearts to generate funding for pediatric cancer. Read more
Local radio personality shares personal journey of weight loss
For 15 years, radio personality Chip Arledge struggled with his image. Read more
Stories from the past
Images of America Hoover by Heather Skaggs was recently released on Oct. 6. Read more
Golf for a cause
The Hoover Parks and Recreation Foundation is gearing up to host its second annual Hoover Cup golf tournament, this year to be held on Oct. 15 at Inverness Country Club. Read more
Run for our veterans
The Family Fun Run and 10K Ruck Challenge will start at Veterans Park at 7:30 a.m. on Saturday. Read more
Fighting like a girl, grandmother style
Breast cancer survivor and Hoover resident Shirley Parker recently ran the Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure. Read more
Scavenger hunt fun set for Bluff Park Art Show
The Itty Bitty Scavenger Hunt will take place along with the Bluff Park Art Show on Saturday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Read more
Upcoming Events


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By Thierry Keller editor in chief of 'Usbek & Rica' magazine
"The nine tracks, selected from the worlds of jazz and pop (from Cole Porter to Prince and from Duke Ellington to Stevie Wonder), and enveloped by Hugo Lippi's enchanting guitar, are a hymn to happiness and to life; a private journey where beauty and melancholy rub shoulders without seeking to rival each other.
"Hugo and I have shared a great complicity when we play together", Clotilde explains. "I love developing my sound through playing with others, creating minimal arrangements that are nonetheless vivid, incredibly delicate and of the moment. It is this instantaneity that I adore."
Live au 7 Lézards was born from this understanding, from this 'free imprecision'. Seemingly classical in appearance, the music soon glides away on the wings of liberty that only jazz can offer, such as the surprising cover of Prince's famous song 'Kiss', which is itself preceded by more than 40 minutes of pure enchantment in the company of the greatest or the most unexpected (Dorough, Rodgers, Lorentz, Jobim, Porter, Ellington, Irving, Wonder, Lennon & Mc Cartney). Lippi's guitar dances with Clotilde's voice, which itself caresses and surprises the hypnotised audience.
"I wanted to make a lively and intimate record, which was evocative and sincere", admits Clotilde, who loves the 'blue note', the devil's note that hovers on the border between suffering and joy.
As soon as one has reached the end of this interior journey, one has but one desire: to start all over again. But here lies the miracle of jazz, for the second journey will never be quite the same as the first. Her music is truly a therapy."
Some press reviews
>> Download the full press reviews
"(…) with beautiful tessitura, perfect rhythmic placing, inflexion and remarkable expressivity. I am sure that you will love Clotilde Rullaud. She deserves to go far…"
Thierry Quenum – Jazzmag (FR)
"Another revelation is Clotilde Rullaud. She has a gripping voice, with a certain wonderful gravity, putting us in mind of Nina Simone." (***)
Jean-Marc Gelin – Jazzman (FR)
"It's always pleasant to hear a new voice, particularly when backed by a minimalist accompaniment in a crossover register. This is the music served up by Clotilde Rullaud and the guitarist Hugo Lippi on their live album recorded in the cosy surroundings of the 7 Lézards club in Paris, where the singer's voice finds its fullest expression. It all kicks off admirably well with a cover of Prince's Kiss ; a little easy perhaps, but in the next song the young woman confirms all the good that's been said about her. Her voice deepens considerably on Devil May Care, evoking some of jazz's greatest female vocalists. Hugo Lippi seems just as inspired by his partner's propositions and gives us some very pleasant moments with his instrument. The guitarist also helps to situate the singer in the era, which makes it easier for her to sing a moving piece such as Stardust. Next it's the turn of Ellington's Caravan (spiced up with some oriental touches), Rodgers's sublime My Romance and a Jobim tune (where Lippi truly regales himself), all of which make this a truly full-flavoured CD. Finally, we return to more accessible music with covers of The Beatles and Stevie Wonder (Blackbird and All in Love Is Fair), a shot of pure joy from this duo."
Michel Maetracci – Jazzhot (FR)
"(…)Rullaud combines the laid-back hipness of a Helen Merrill or a Sheila Jordan with the kind of emotional interpretation of lyrics that one normally associates with rock or folk singers—yet her phrasing is pure jazz.
An excellent example of what I mean is Bob Dorough's Devil may Care. I'm familiar with this tune through Dorough's own performances of it, including a late live appearance on the Prairie Home Companion radio program, and his own laid-back hip is sort of the male equivalent of Merrill or Jordan, but Rullaud invests the song with not only a more emotional interpretation of the lyrics but with a sharper rhythmic attack in her phasing. In her hands, the song does not only swing, it jumps and thrusts, backs off and moves forward, the melodic line taking on a life of its own. (…)
She also surprises us in the Tizol-Ellington classic Caravan by starting it out with Arabic melismas, something you might not expect from a French singer of an American song, yet she makes it work and uses it to lead into the principal tune with ease.
In my enthusiasm for Rullaud I wouldn't want to give short shrift to the fabulous guitar playing of Hugo Lippi. Here is a guitarist whose combination of mellow chording and clean, inventive solo lines reminded me of some of the best American guitarists of the 1960s such as Tal Farlow, Wes Montgomery and Joe Pass. He's that good.
The two of them create real magic out of two songs that one would otherwise consider purely rock music, Prince's Kiss and Stevie Wonder's All in Love is Fair, the latter blending into the Beatles' Blackbird with impunity.
Rullaud, in this set, scarcely ever rises above a mezzo-piano in volume, but she doesn't have to. She has such great control of the voice and her material that she holds you, fascinated, in the palm of her hand (or, more accurately, vocal cords).(…)
Perhaps unsurprisingly for a concert by solo voice and guitar, this one concludes with two songs by Antonio Carlos Jobim, sung in Portuguese, of which only the second One Note Samba, is well known. The duo essentially 'deconstructs' Luiza to the point where the music evolves in bits and pieces — a mosaic put together in the mind of the listener — while One Note Samba begins with some wonderful scatting before moving into the familiar melody."
Lynn René Bayley – Fanfare Magazine (USA)
Clotilde Rullaud – voix
Hugo Lippi – Guitare
Recording engineer : Zakariyya Cammoun, Live @ Le 7 Lézards, Paris (September 2006)
Mixing engineer : Zakariyya Cammoun, La cave à sons, Nogent (November 2006)
Mastering : Top Master, Paris (December 2006)
Art-work : Pauline Thomas
Photography : Benoite Fanton & Pauline Thomas
© & ℗ : Clotilde Rullaud – 2006 – Self produce with the support of the city of Paris
Barcode : 634479470738
Release date :
Digital & physical : February 2007


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Camp Carnegie American Football
Camp Carnegie American Football
Book directly by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com.
At Camp Carnegie we aim to make the school holidays the most enjoyable and fun-packed time of the year for young people, in a healthy, positive and safe sporting environment.
Camp Carnegie dates for 2019
- Spring bank camp- 28th May- 31st May 2019
- Summer camps- WK1- 29th July- 2nd August 2019
- Summer camps- WK2- 5th August- 9th August 2019
- Summer camps- WK3- 12th August- 16th August 2019
- Summer camps- WK4- 19th August- 23rd August 2019
- Summer camps- WK5- 27th August- 30th August 2019
American Football Camps are for children aged 8 - 16 years. Each camp is non-residential and participants have the chance to develop a range of skills.
Flag American Football is a fast, non-contact sport, ideal for young children! The sessions follow a format similar to what the children see in the NFL, and all the boys & girls get to play and contribute, whatever age or ability.
All sessions are delivered by qualified and DBS checked British American Football coaches. They all have a passion for delivering fun sessions to young people!
'Our 11 year old son attends American Football on a Saturday. The coaches make sure everyone is involved in having a fun time and are fantastic with the kids. He has made lots of new friends. Thank you to everyone involved
Times: 13:00 - 16:00
And a free T-shirt for all those who book for the full week!
This will go live in January, when bookings open.
For booking enquiries or further information, please contact:
Kirsty Mcphee
Racket Sports Development Officer
Tel: 0113 812 3737
Mobile: 07785 434012
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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A Nightmare on Elm Street1984
Starring John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Heather Langenkamp, Amanda Wyss, Johnny Depp and Charles Fleischer, "A Nightmare on Elm Street" (also known as "Nightmare dal profondo della notte", "Nightmare - Mörderische Träume") is a Fantasy/Horror/Thriller film directed by Wes Craven, released on November 09 of 1984 in the USA.
Whatever you do, don't fall asleep...or you'll meet the terrifying Freddy.
Who is the director of "A Nightmare on Elm Street":
A Nightmare on Elm Street was directed by Wes Craven, an American director, writer, producer, and actor.
Before making A Nightmare on Elm Street, Wes Craven had directed Swamp Thing, released in 1982, Deadly Blessing (1981), The Hills Have Eyes (1977). Since, he directed The Hills Have Eyes Part II, released in 1985, Deadly Friend (1986), The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988), Shocker (1989), The People Under the Stairs (1991), and New Nightmare (1994).
When was "A Nightmare on Elm Street" released:
A Nightmare on Elm Street was initally released in the United States on Friday, November 09, 1984. Also released on Friday, November 09, 1984 have been No Small Affair (dir. Jerry Schatzberg) and Silent Night, Deadly Night (dir. Charles E. Sellier Jr.). This was thirty-five (35) years ago.
It has been released on Wednesday, March 06, 1985 in France; Thursday, August 29, 1985 in Germany and on Saturday, May 24, 1986 in Japan.
What is the cast of "A Nightmare on Elm Street":
At the casting of A Nightmare on Elm Street we find John Saxon, previously seen in Prisoners of the Lost Universe (1983) and Tenebre (1982); Ronee Blakley (Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff (1979), The Driver (1978)); Heather Langenkamp (Nickel Mountain (1984), The Outsiders (1983)) [ more... ]
- John Saxon, Heather Langenkamp, Amanda Wyss, Robert Englund and Lin Shaye also appeared together in New Nightmare, released in 1994.
- John Saxon, Heather Langenkamp, Robert Englund and Jack Shea also appeared together in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, released in 1987.
- John Saxon and Joseph Whipp also worked together in Wrong Is Right, released in 1982.
- Lin Shaye and Joseph Whipp also appeared in The Hidden, released in 1987.
What is the Storyline of "A Nightmare on Elm Street":
An unknown person in a boiler room creates a glove with razor-sharp knives embedded in the fingers. High school student Tina Gray (Amanda Wyss) has a disturbing nightmare in which she is stalked through the boiler room by a severely burned figure with the bladed glove on his hand. When he finally catches her, she awakens screaming in her own bed. However, her nightgown has four slashes in it, identical to the ones given to her in the dream by the unknown man's razors, and she is not convinced it was just a [...]
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( 1985 )A Nightmare on Elm Street Part 2: Freddy's Revenge
Directed by: J. Sholder, starring M. Patton, K. Myers, R. Rusler, C. Gulager...
( 1989 )A Nightmare on Elm Street: The Dream Child
Directed by: S. Hopkins, starring R. Englund, L. Wilcox, E. Anderson, V. Armstrong...
( 1987 )A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors
Directed by: C. Russell, starring H. Langenkamp, C. Wasson, P. Arquette, R. Englund...
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Directed by: R. Harlin, starring T. Knight, K. Sagoes, R. Eastman, L. Wilcox...
Resources: New Line Cinema, Smart Egg Pictures, Media Home Entertainment, Elm Street Venture, The, Wikipedia and contributions from movie fans. Anyone can submit additionnal information and corrections, you can post a message into the forum, or you can contact me by e-mail. Information and materials are submitted by users and thus may not always contain up-to-date and correct information, so do not hesite to report mistakes, and submit corrections.Thank you!. Direct editing is no longer available, sorry.


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Canberra, being the capital city of Australia, has become known for its nightlife and fun times, especially for the younger crowds visiting the city and seeking something to do. For example, you could take a cruise through the tropical waters, dine on the rooftops of the city, or perhaps visit one of the local attractions that manage to capture the attention of both tourists and the locals alike. There really is so many cool things to do in Canberra, it may be hard to choose exactly which item to start the entire journey out with. You'll figure something out for one of the best nights possible.
Credit: Beau Giles
If you're seeking some of the best bucks night ideas, then look no further than Braddon, an inner-city suburb that is a simple stroll from Canberra. Braddon is home to the BentSpoke Brewing Co, an incredible microbrewery and tap house that offers some of the very best, world-class craft beers in the entire country.
If drinking a lot of beer is not your idea of romantic things to do in Canberra, then perhaps take a stroll around the corner to Knightsbridge Penthouse, a lounge bar offering some of the best cocktails in the city and the decor to match such an extravagant and eclectic experience.
NewActon could easily be considered one of the best bucks night destinations. The small village nearby features some of the coolest architecture in Canberra, the top foodie spots in the city, and a nightlife that cannot be matched elsewhere in the country. To start, the Parlour Wine Room is a wonderful start to a night's journey, where everyone can sit back and relax with some local wines and tapas.
Alternatively, while in NewActon, one could simply take another small stroll to the Palace Electric Cinema, where arthouse and blockbuster movies are screened every single night alongside an exquisite cheese platter and a single glass of prosecco.
A Lady Friend
Of course, if you are looking for things to do in Canberra tonight alongside a lady friend, then there are date spots speckled across the entire city for couples to enjoy and create the perfect romantic getaway.
To start, Scope Mount Stromlo host StarGazing Friday Nights, where a couple may book a table for two and use the telescopes to gaze at the stars while eating a luxurious dinner in a romantic setting.
If you want to be a little more adventurous, though, how about a progressive dinner? This is basically enjoying a different course at a new venue. For example, you may start with some wine and tapas, then head to your main meal elsewhere, and finish off with dessert somewhere quiet and relaxed. The key here is to book ahead of time to ensure you can receive a table at all three – or more – venues throughout the city. Should you choose not to book ahead, however, be prepared for a lengthy wait in the cold night air while other couples are seated ahead of you. This could easily ruin the night and the entire meal experience for both parties enjoying a night in Canberra.
A Few Entertaining Venues
Being a major city, Canberra has a lot of entertainment and fun venues to enjoy and take part in. While looking for things to do in Canberra, everyone should consider one of the following at some point in the day or night:
- Zone3 Laser Tag – This is one of the best ideas for a bucks night possible, as laser tags is a ton of fun but offers a bit of competitiveness at the same time. On Friday and Saturdays, the laser tag venue is open until at least 10pm, but will be packed with people.
- Grand Prix Carting – This venue is a massive indoor track featuring go-karts and a lot of tires for safety. Alongside a few close friends, this venue in Canberra could be quite memorable. They are open late from Wednesday to Sunday.
- Telstra Tower Lookout – The tower lookout offers an unbeatable 360-degree view of the entire city, including the iconic locations scattered about. The viewing gallery is open to the public until 10pm each night, and is actually quite cheap to gain entrance.