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In February 2020, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum will present an exhibition titled "Countryside, The Future." The brainchild of a team led by Rem Koolhaas and AMO, the exhibition will mark the latest chapter in one of Koolhaas' fields of study from recent years; the impact of an increasingly urbanized world on the non-urban areas "left behind." This investigation is for good reason.
Amo: The Latest Architecture and News
AMO Helps to Curate Virgil Abloh Exhibition for the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago
The Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago is presenting an exhibition devoted to the work of the ultra-modern, genre-bending artist and designer Virgil Abloh. Titled "Virgil Abloh: Figures of Speech" the immersive space has been curated by the Museum's Chief Curator Michael Darling, and Samir Bantal, a director at OMA's research wing, focusing on the creative process and collaborative work of Abloh who is redefining fashion, art, and design.
"We're a Possibilities Company": Keely Colcleugh on Communicating the Future of the Built Environment
Architecture is defined by stories. It's through visualization and communication of ideas that we construct new environments. Trained as an architect, Keely Colcleugh is a designer with a range of experience across the fields of architecture, graphic design, film, and visualization. In 2009, she founded Kilograph with a desire to combine leading edge visualization techniques with animation, interactive design, graphics, and branding. Now Keely is the CEO of a growing creative agency with offices in Los Angeles and Spain.
In an exclusive interview with ArchDaily, Keely talks about her transition to communication design, her love for Los Angeles, and how the art of visualization continues to evolve.
AMO's First China Exhibition Design Revealed in Beijing
OMA's research and design practice AMO has opened True Me, the studio's first exhibition design in China. Built in the 798 Art Factory in Beijing, True Me explores modern selfie-culture and modes of self-representation through art and media. Organized by App developer Meitu and the Beijing Contemporary Arts Foundation, the exhibition features artworks by Hou Ying, Lu Yang, Maleonn, Xie Haiwei, Ye Funa, Chen Tianzhuo, teamLab, and Theodore Bradley. Celebrating the launch of Meitu's new logo, the exhibition extends AMO's interest in studying visual culture.
OMA / AMO Completes Flexible Permanent Exhibition Space for Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam
AMO, the research and think tank wing of OMA, has completed a flexible new exhibition space for the permanent collection of the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. Named Stedelijk BASE, the bespoke display system is constructed from "very thin yet solid" free-standing steel partitions that interlock like puzzle-pieces to create an open-ended flow for viewing art from the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Creative Mediators Reveal Concept for Manifesta 12 Palermo: The Planetary Garden. Cultivating Coexistence
The creative mediators of Manifesta 12 have revealed the concept for next year's Manifesta 12 biennial in Palermo.
Entitled The Planetary Garden. Cultivating Coexistence, the concept will explore "coexistence in a world moved by invisible networks, transnational private interests, algorithmic intelligence and ever-increasing inequalities through the unique lens of Palermo – a crossroads of three continents in the heart of the Mediterranean."
The concept was derived from an earlier analysis conducted by OMA named the Palermo Atlas, which investigated the "social, cultural and geographical textures of the city." The event will allow visitors to visualize contemporary global transformations through the lens of Palermo.
AMO / Rem Koolhaas and the Guggenheim to Conduct Research Project Exploring "Radical Changes in the Countryside"
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum has announced a new research project exploring the "radical changes in the countryside, the vast nonurban areas of Earth" that will culminate in an exhibition at the museum's Frank Lloyd Wright-designed New York home in Fall 2019.
Collaborating with Rem Koolhaas and his firm AMO, the think tank wing of OMA, the project will continue research already conducted by the Dutch architect and students from the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Neufert: The Exceptional Pursuit of the Norm
In this excerpt from Reinier de Graaf's new book Four Walls and a Roof: The Complex Nature of a Simple Profession (Harvard University Press), the all-pervasive work and pedagogical practice of Ernst Neufert is put under the spotlight. Was he an architect, a teacher, or something larger than both? In examining Neufert's ardent pursuit of the "norm", De Graaf sheds light on the impact and enduring legacy of the author of Architect's Data.
His built output—a few industrial complexes, some housing projects, and the Quelle Mail Order headquarters in Nuremberg—is not much to speak of, but his name is known to every practicing architect: Ernst Neufert, author of Architect's Data, more commonly referred to as Neufert. [1] If the importance of an architect equals the extent to which his work lives on in others, Neufert is the most important of the twentieth century. There is probably no architect who has not used Neufert, whether as a didactic tool or as a volume of references. It contains all the necessary information to design and execute works of architecture. Neufert is enduringly popular. As of 2016, it is in its forty-first German edition, has been translated into seventeen languages, and has sold over 500,000 copies. [2]
OMA Unveils Urban Study and Strategy for Manifesta 12 in Palermo
Manifesta 12 creative mediator OMA has revealed the Palermo Atlas, an interdisciplinary urban study of Palermo that will inform the organization of 12th edition of Manifesta, the European Biennial of Contemporary Art, that will be held next year in the Italian city. Led by OMA partner Ippolito Pestellini Laparelli, the project outlines a blueprint for Palermo "to plan its future and as a research framework to ensure that Manifesta 12 achieves a long-term impact for the city and its citizens."
OMA/AMO-Designed Exhibition lR100-Rinascente: Stories of Innovation Debuts in Milan
A new exhibition by OMA/AMO, lR100-Rinascente: Stories of Innovation, has officially opened in Milan's Palazzo Reale. Marking the 100th anniversary of the classic Italian department store, la Rinascente, the exhibition commemorates the company's long creative history and experimental spirit that has served as an influential part of Italian design, culture and commerce.
OMA/AMO Designs "Back to Basics" Interior for the Prada 2017 Fall/Winter Runway
For their latest fashion show scheme for Prada, AMO has gone "back to basics." Envisioned for the fashion house's 2017 Fall/Winter Collection, "Continuous Interior" borrows from domestic design, taking the form of a series of curving wooden partitions paired with ordinary materials and emblematic furniture pieces to create a stage that speaks to the importance of authenticity in the political climate of today.
OMA Announced as "Creative Mediators" for Manifesta 12 in Palermo
OMA, led by partner Ippolito Pestellini Laparelli, have been chosen as the "Creative Mediators" for the 12th edition of Manifesta, which will be held in Palermo in 2018. The practice will assemble an interdisciplinary team to investigate the role of governance in the Italian city, and address how contemporary urban centers are affected by tourism, gentrification, migration and climate change. They will also work "with specialists from the fields of contemporary art, sociology, music, cinema and architecture" to develop a series of "interactive, interdisciplinary, performative and artistic interventions."
Bjarke Ingels, Rem Koolhaas to Feature in September Issue of WIRED UK, "THINK BIGGER"
Next Month, architecture will be hitting the mainstream media, as Bjarke Ingels has been selected to grace the cover of the September 2016 edition of WIRED UK. Titled "THINK BIGGER," the issue will also feature profiles and stories from architects and designers Tom Dixon, Neri Oxman, David Adjaye and Rem Koolhaas. A Condé Nast Publication, the magazine focuses on the effects of science and technology on topics including design, architecture, culture, the economy, politics and philosophy.
Reinier de Graaf Discusses Moscow's Development and the "Major Stupidity" of Brexit
At the recently concluded Moscow Urban Forum, Renier de Graaf shared his opinion on a range of topics, from UK's Brexit and the EU identity to OMA's work in Russia, particularly in shaping the recent growth of Moscow. De Graaf is a partner at OMA and as director of the firm's Think Tank, AMO, he produced The Image of Europe, an exhibition hoping to portray a "bold, explicit and popular" European Union. Thus, it comes as no surprise that De Graaf, along with Rem Koolhaas, is particularly outspoken about the recent events within the European Union.
Ulterior Motives: OMA/AMO's Reinier de Graaf on "Research," Europe and the 2014 Venice Biennale
The following interview with Reinier De Graaf was first published by Volume Magazine in their 48th issue, The Research Turn. You can read the Editorial of this issue, Research Horizons, here.
Architectural practice requires a degree of intimacy and insight into complex sets of forces. While building is architecture's bread and butter, it's not always the best format to make a statement. It's sometimes not even the most appropriate language to respond to a brief. Volume spoke with Reinier de Graaf of OMA/AMO about how research and media can become a vessel for political agendas.
AMO's Stratified Scenography for Prada's 2017 S/S Collection is Presented as "Total Space"
In the latest scenographic set for Prada's fashion collections, AMO have created a set "conceived as a stratification of architectures" – Total Space. Remnants from previous shows sit around the periphery of the room creating a foundation and aesthetic background for the house's 2017 Spring/Summer collection. A linear structure, which sits centrally and divides the room, is designed to "amplify its perceived proportions."
"There is Much More at Stake Than Simply Being In or Out" – Rem Koolhaas Speaks Out Over a Potential EU 'Brexit'
In a recent interview with the BBC, Rem Koolhaas (OMA) has spoken out against the campaign seeking to remove the United Kingdom from the European Union, upon which the British people will vote in a referendum next week. Reflecting on his time spent at London's Architectural Association (AA) in the 1960s and '70s, Koolhaas fears that advocates for withdrawal may be looking at the past through rose-colored glasses.
If you look at the arguments to leave you can see this is a movement of people who want to fundamentally change England back into the way it supposedly was before.


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Leaning Tower of Pisa's Worn Steps
Italy's Leaning Tower of Pisa requires visitors to climb 296 steps in order to reach its peak and the awaiting seven historic bells tuned to the musical scale.
As you can see here, that feat of physical endurance has been attempted by thousands of individuals since the construction of the tower began in 1173. It is estimated over one million people visit the tower each year.
Although not all of them make the upwards trek these stairs show that, despite the lean, the tower was built to last.

subset: commoncrawl


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Can anyone sound more out of touch than Wilson? Clearly this one was an empty net tap in from a foot inside the bluepaint. The answer is no. Wilson has the most hysterical (in all senses of the word) meltdown of a coach in this yet young season.
Can one goalie solidify their position? Well, Thomas allowed just one goal, again. This time to the Washington Capitals who are on pace to be held to two or less goals far more times than last year. The Capitals goal-tending duo was affected by "the flu" (The Black & Gold Flu?) and so it's probably inconclusive so far.
Well, Bergeron not only failed to gain the score sheet, he had one of the worst faceoff nights of his career with just a 22% win percentage. Blake Wheeler snagged and assist and Matt Hunwick stuck the dagger deep into the chest of the Capitals for his first goal of the season. Pialle is leading all returning Bruins forwards in time on pine, Stuart and Ference have continued to perform at their normal offensive rate.
Caps defense? Um… not really. Horton may not have gotten a shot on goal, but he was still +2 with an assist. Sorry GM GM, you still have work to do. So sorry.
Egg would be a gift… the Canucks got tripled up by the Wild with no less than six of the boys from The State of Hockey lighting the lamp. Midway through the game the Sharks are halfway to a loss to a probable lottery team on the tail end of a long, grueling road trip that started about 11 time zones away. The Sharks might pull it out but there's no reason a roster with Thornton, Heatley, Marleau, Pavelski should ever trail a roster with Eric Staal, and 19 other guys.


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Rebecca Langham
Rebecca Langham lives in the Blue Mountains (Australia) with her partner, three children, and menagerie of pets. A Xenite, a Whovian and all-round general nerd, she's a lover of science fiction, comic books, and caffeine. When she isn't teaching History to high schoolers or wrangling children, Rebecca enjoys playing broomball and reading.
Website: www.rebeccalangham.com.au
Newsletter: www.rebeccalangham.com.au/contact–newsletter.html
Once Upon a Rainbow, Volume Two_New Releases, Ace, Anthology, Bisexual, Cisgender, Emmalynn Spark, Explicit, FF, Gay, Jennifer Cosgrove, K.S. Trenten, Lesbian, Long Novel, MM, N/A, Non-Explicit, Print, Rebecca Langham, Romance, Sara Codair, Sci-Fi & Fantasy, Sita Bethel, Trans, Tray Ellis$5.99


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All Sky View in Virtual Reality
Laurent Laveder
Brittany -
Date: September 2008
Allow few moment for this virtual reality flash animation to load. Move around and feel how it looks being under starry sky of Atlantic coastline in Brittany of France in a clear moonlit night. The all-sky image is created from a mosaic of over 30 single photos taken from Pointe du Raz; an extension of Brittany into the Atlantic Ocean at the western tip of France. The Summer Milky Way extends all the way to the Ocean (see a still image of the Summer Milky Way portion of this view here). Bright light at the ocean horizon come from the Sein Island of only 250 inhabitants and a powerful lighthouse. The light beam illuminates the sea haze. Above them the Milky Way shines from the setting Cygnus (the Swan) all the way to the eastern Horizon where Orion and bright star Sirius are rising. An elongated faint light crossing the Milky Way on the left of Orion at east is not a light pollution but reflected sunlight from dust in the solar system plane, known as the Zodiacal Light. Laurent Laveder/Pixheaven.net
All TWAN photos and videos are copyrighted
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From the Land Down Under
A relatively obscure Australian computer programmer made headlines back in 2016 when he stated on his blog that he and a deceased computer analyst named David Kleiman were, in fact, the men behind the Satoshi Nakamoto pseudonym.
Born in Brisbane, Australia the 46-year- old known as Craig Steven Wright attended Charles Sturt University where we claimed to have studied economics and financial modeling on his way to earning a Ph.D. in computer science. This would be just the sort of background one might expect from the founder of the famed cryptocurrency.
Some background that makes sense
Throughout the course of his career, Wright had worked in information technology, as a security consultant, and an information systems manager. Moreover, he was also the CEO of a company that planned to start the world's first bitcoin-based bank. This would seem to fall in line with what many would expect the career path of a man claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto to look like.
Adding to Wright's case is the fact that Bitcoin Foundation director Jon Matonis supported his claim. Matonis even stated that "in my presence, Craig signed and verified a message using the private key from block #1 newly-generated coins and from block #9 newly-generated coins (the first transaction to Hal Finney)." Bitcoin developer Gavin Anderson also claimed to have witnessed a similar demonstration from Wright. The Australian even created a blog post that allegedly provided cryptographic proof that he was Satoshi Nakamoto.
In other words, we have a man who would appear to have the background required to create Bitcoin, two seemingly credible witnesses to corroborate his story, and even cryptographic proof.
It would seem our case is closed; We have found Satoshi Nakamoto…right?
Not so fast friends!
Some missing links in his story
While Wright did have several computer related master's degrees from Charles Sturt University, the school told Forbes that he did not earn a Ph.D. in computer science there, as his LinkedIn profile claimed.
Moreover after examining the "cryptographic proof," Dan Kaminski, who is a well-known security researcher, created a blog post that stated, "Satoshi signed a transaction in 2009. Wright copied that specific signature and tried to pass it off as new." Bitcoin developer Peter Todd concurred with Kaminski's assessment by saying, "It would be like if I was trying to prove that I was George Washington and to do that provided a photocopy of the Constitution and said, look, I have George Washington's signature."
An article created by author Andrew O'Hagan, made the case that the Canadian peer-to-peer payment company known as nTrust was actually responsible for Wright's claim. The article went on to state that Wright struck a deal with the entrust CEO that would allow them to sell dozens of Bitcoin related patents which they would have access to if Wright were able to assume the mantle of Satoshi Nakamoto.
On May 2, 2016, Craig Steven Wright created yet another blog post stating he would publish several pieces that serve as the foundation for ultimately proving his claim. However, the next day he decided to delete all his previous blog posts and replaced them with one that read, "I believed that I could put the years of anonymity and hiding behind me. But, as the events of this week unfolded and I prepared to publish the proof of access to the earliest keys, I broke. I do not have the courage. I cannot."
Is Wright truly the man behind Satoshi Nakamoto or simply a pretender to the Bitcoin throne?
Join us next time for Finding Satoshi Nakamoto: Part 5-Bit Gold. And if you have missed the previous investigations in this series, check them out here to catch up!
To read more about Bitcoin, you can check out our resource page. We also have an article explaining Bitcoin and it's history a bit!


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- Michael Sauvante
Michael Sauvante
Executive Director
National Commonwealth Group, Inc.
Michael Sauvante has over 40 years of experience in founding and running more than a half dozen companies in diverse industries.
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Small Business Finance Impact Investing Sustainability Community Economic Development Business Development Companies (BDCs) Small Business Holding Companies (SBHCs) Entrepreneur Family Offices Benefit Corporations Public Benefit Financial Institutions Corporate Strategies
With 40+ years of experience in new venture creation, I have long been a progressive thinker in the field of sustainability, corporate responsibility, and local economic development. My name is Michael Sauvante and I am the Managing Director & Chief Architect at National Commonwealth Group, Inc. (NCG), a 501(c)(3) non-profit think tank that focuses on the needs of small and medium sized businesses (SMEs) and their role in contributing to the economic health and vitality to local communities and the creation of socially responsible alternatives to conventional business.
Our research has included in-depth explorations of public banking and banking law; securities laws, capital formation, public markets for SMEs and common investment vehicles; and most recently alternative currencies and universal basic income.
I am also the Exec. Dir. at Commonwealth Group LLC, a business development company that provides impact investment guidance and facilitates the flow of capital and credit to increase the liquidity of investments in small and mid-sized businesses.
Since discovering my passion for business, I have founded more than a half dozen companies ranging from construction, to software development, to IT consulting. In 1998, I founded Rolltronics, VoltaFlex, and InnoSigns, to leverage the new "roll-to-roll" manufacturing methodology for the electronic, battery, and advertising industries. I later co-founded Seertech Corporation to consolidate these companies and provide a platform for growing new ventures.
My background provides me with a top-of-the line education in what it entails to start new ventures in unexplored markets. With a desire to share this knowledge with other entrepreneurs, I joined National Commonwealth Group in 2008 and Commonwealth Group in 2013 to create unique ways to nurture small businesses by promoting triple bottom line approaches to business, financial markets, and economic development. more at https://commonwealthgroup.net/team/
Charter Oak State College
Bachelor's Degree
I received my bachelors degree in 1999 from COSC. I started college at the United States Naval Academy in 1966. That was interrupted by a stint in Viet Nam. I returned to college in 1973 earning my AA at Santa Barbara City College. I went on to complete all but two courses for my BS in Business Administration, Finance concentration, at Southern Oregon State College (now Southern Oregon University). I accumulated 30 more semester hours between 1976 - 1999 when I completed all my coursework for a dual major in business and techology studies with Charter Oak College. I am currently enrolling in a professional doctorate program with a major UK university.
Santa Barbara City College
Associate's Degree
I received my AA in 1974 from SBCC with a concentration in science.
Venture Capital 2.0
LinkedIn Pulse
April 2016
Explores the history and use of Business Development Companies (BDCs) as a means of providing capital and credit for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), using a public company funding vehicle.
Capitalism 2.0
LinkedIn Pulse
April 2016
Explores how capitalism is evolving from a "profit above all else" philosophy to one that is more inclusive and sustainable and how that process is more widespread than might be apparent on the surface.
Retiring Business Owners Flood Market
LinkedIn Pulse
May 2016
Approximately 60% of all Main Street small businesses are owned by baby boomer aged owners. Like the rest of baby boomers in society, they are wanting to retire. This is producing a glut of companies for sale.
How to Increase the Flow of Capital to Small Businesses While Enhancing Liquidity for Investors
LinkedIn Pulse
September 2016
This article introduces the concept of public Small Business Holding Companies (SBHCs) as a means of providing capital and credit for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), using a public company funding vehicle. They are intended to be a replacement for BDCs which no longer serve the needs of smaller businesses. In addition, SBHCs may be formed in just about any country with public company statutes, unlike BDCs which are specific to the United States.
Wealth inequality – a proposed tax code change for the 99%
LinkedIn Pulse
April 2017
The current U.S. tax code penalizes employees who receive stock grants or stock options by taxing them upon the day of their constructive receipt, regardless of those instruments can be liquidated to pay for the tax. This article provides a remedy for that problem.


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Check your shelves: Food recall on possibility of contamination
Olli Salumeria Americana, of Oceanside, CA, is recalling approximately 3,946 pounds of ready-to-eat meat products that may be adulterated with Listeria monocytogenes, announced the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) today, Mar. 2.
The ready-to-eat meat items were packaged on Jan. 19 and are labeled as follows:
- 6 oz. packages of "Gusto NAPOLI APPLEWOOD-SMOKED SALAME" containing lot code 1000012821.
- 6 oz. packages of "Gusto CHORIZO SMOKED PAPRIKA" containing lot code 1000012812.
- 6 oz. packages of "Gusto SOPRESSATA BLACK PEPPERCORN SALAME" containing lot code 1000012811.
- 6 oz. packages of "Gusto TOSCANO FENNEL POLLEN SALAME" containing lot code 1000012805.
- 6 oz. packages of "Gusto PEPPERONI CLASSICALLY AMERICAN" containing lot code 1000012804.
- 175 gram packages of "OLLI MOLISANA PEPPER + GARLIC SALAMI" containing lot code 1000012808.
- 175 gram packages of "OLLI NAPOLI APPLEWOOD-SMOKED SALAMI" containing lot code 1000012810.
- 175 gram packages of "OLLI CALABRESE SPICY SALAMI" containing lot code 1000012807.
- Within the USDA mark of inspection on the package, this number appears "M-45334."
Discovered when the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) performed routine Listeria monocytogenes sampling, there have been no confirmed reports of adverse reactions due to consumption of these products.
Food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a serious infection that primarily affects older adults, persons with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women and their newborns. Less commonly, persons outside these risk groups are affected.
Symptoms of listeriosis can include fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance and convulsions sometimes preceded by diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms.
An invasive infection spreads beyond the gastrointestinal tract.
In pregnant women, the infection can cause miscarriages, stillbirths, premature delivery or life-threatening infection of the newborn, says the USDA. In addition, serious and sometimes fatal infections in older adults and persons with weakened immune systems.
Listeriosis is treated with antibiotics. Persons in the higher-risk categories who experience flu-like symptoms within two months after eating contaminated food should seek medical care and tell the health care provider about eating the contaminated food.
Consumers who have purchased these products are urged not to consume them. These products should be thrown away or returned to the place of purchase.


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Try a Skill
Experience the excitement of a skills competition live at the EuroSkills event in September 2020. All the trades and skills represented at EuroSkills invite young people to get involved in one of Austria's largest careers information exhibitions. That's why each trade or skill will also have its own interactive space alongside the competition area so that young visitors can try out the various jobs for themselves. "Try a Skill" gives young people the opportunity to gain a hands-on insight into the various occupations represented at EuroSkills.
Spotlight areas will also be installed for each of the six categories of skilled trades, where many different topics will be presented during the event: new technologies, new training opportunities, appealing career opportunities, trends such as digitalisation, "business heroes" and much more from the world of skills and trades. Former world and European champions from the EuroSkills 2020 Heroes team will also be on hand to answer any questions the interested young audience members may have and explain their trades in more detail. What's more, local companies will also be invited to share job opportunities in their field and make firm offers to interested job seekers.
Career guidance
extensive review of own talents, strengths and associated opportunities. Getting to know a wide selection of trades and skills
motivation for creative skills and trades
motivation for new technical skills and trades
evaluation of career prospects
evaluation of shortage occupations
presentation of occupational developments / changes
integration of Austrian companies into the programme and support for recruitment
highlighting of career opportunities and motivation for young apprentices
Target groups
School students from grades 5 to 9
high-school graduates
students at vocational (secondary) schools
Information for schools
Preparation and follow-up during class are important foundations for a successful visit by students from all over Austria to the careers information fair and the European vocational championships.
Information and preparation materials, videos and the "Try a Skill" app will be available for classroom use from September 2019. Information on accommodation options and support programmes can be provided for school groups travelling to Styria from anywhere in Austria and planning to stay for several days.
The documents are available to order now from: firstname.lastname@example.com.


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San Cassiano (Alta Badia) Ski Resort Guide
San Cassiano (Alta Badia) Ski Resort Guide (San Cassiano)
Photo credit: GEORGIOS PAPADOPOULOS
Photo credit: Kovář Pavel
Photo credit: Marko D
Slope Stats
- Acres of ski:-
- Pistes:25
- Snowmaking:40%
- Halfpipes:-
- Terrain Parks:1
- X-Country:40 km
- beginner70%
- intermediate25%
- advanced5%
San Cassiano, in Italy, is a medium sized ski resort with 8 ski lifts (1 gondola, 5 chair lifts, 2 surface lifts) that offers skiers 3445 feet of vertical descent. San Cassiano has 25 pistes and is part of the Alta Badia ski areas with a total length of 130 kilometers (81 miles). It is also part of the Dolomiti Superski with more than 1.100 km of slopes. San Cassiano is best suited to beginner skiers and snowboarders but there is some terrain for intermediates but little of interest for expert skiers. There are 40 kilometers (25 miles) of cross country ski trails at San Cassiano. For snowboarders, there is a terrain park. About one third of the pistes at San Cassiano are covered by snow-making. The closest airport is in Brunico but Venice-Treviso and Innsbruck or Bolzano are also good transfer points (however, the transfer time is 2 hours). The nearest train station to San Cassiano is at Brunico or Calalzo. There is accommodation located close to the pistes but we would welcome additional information about any hotels or chalets in San Cassiano. The area is cozy and far away from chaos but linked with Corvara and Sella Ronda. It is just 25km from Cortina and with the skibus it is possible to reach the Falzarego Pass, ski down to Cortina and back to San Cassiano through one of the most beautiful descente in the world, the Armentarola.
- Nearest Airport:Brunico/Calalzo
- Nearest Train Station:Venice, Treviso
- Tourist Office Phone:+390471849422
- Tourist Office Website:www.altabadia.org
- Slopeside accommodation:yes
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Announcements & News from the San Cassiano (Alta Badia) ski resort manager
major events FIS world cup in Alta Badia
22-12-2019 men world cup GS Alta Badia (LaVilla)
23-12-2019 men world cup parallel SG Alta Badia (LaVilla)
close to Alta Badia
20-12-2109 men world cup SG Val Gardena
21-12-2109 men world cup DH Val Gardena-Sasslong
18th till 22nd march 2020 World Cup finals /women&men in Cortina D'Ampezzo
Latest Snow Reportview full snow report
- Issued:19 Jan
- Last Snowfall:19 January 2020
- Snow Depth (upper):–
- Snow Depth (lower):–
- Piste:-
- Off-piste:-
Today's Weather (2253 m)view full snow forecast
2500 m
2850 m
2500 m
San Cassiano (Alta Badia) Location Maps
(Also see our detailed Weather Map around San Cassiano (Alta Badia), which will give you visual overview of current and future snow conditions)
Visitor Reviews of San Cassiano (Alta Badia)
Jayne from United Kingdom writes:
Shh! It's too good to tell everyone about it. x
Read 4 more reviews of San Cassiano (Alta Badia) or submit your own
City Forecasts
Closest to San Cassiano (Alta Badia)
- Bolzano, Italy44km
- Belluno, Italy52km
- Conegliano, Italy80km
- Trento, Italy84km
- Pordenone, Italy87km
Surf Breaks
Closest to San Cassiano (Alta Badia)
- Punta Sabbioni, Italy133km
- Lignano Pineta (Stephanie's), Italy135km
- La Diga (Sottomarina), Italy152km
- Marina Romea, Italy224km
- Adria, Italy225km
Mountain Peaks
Closest to San Cassiano (Alta Badia)
- Cunturines-Spitze, Italy4km
- Heiligkreuzkofel, Italy5km
- Zehner (La Val), Italy6km
- Monte Casale, Italy7km
- Neuner (La Val), Italy8km


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As technology advances, areas that were once covered by the same position have become more specialized.
Nowhere is that more distinct than the field of Data Science.
With so many evolving disciplines covered by that one umbrella term, it can be hard for executives to distinguish the exact type of specialist to use for a particular project.
To confuse the matter, job titles in Data Science are often very close to each other while having nearly opposite areas of interest.
Take data scientists and data engineers, for example. The disciplines are commonly confused for each other.
While each could probably do some part of the other's job, however, their primary functions address different segments of the Data Science process.
What is a Data Scientist
Data scientists focus on analysis. They collect and clean data.
Once it's ready for use they interpret it, drawing meaning from the data to address practical business problems.
While data scientists need to have a solid grounding in statistics and computer programming, they should be familiar with business science, too.
It's their job to find real-world value within data. To do that they that need to identify business challenges and decide which specific data-analytics solution is best suited to provide answers.
Data scientists are also responsible for visualization methods that bring data to the average team member.
Not everyone is versed in technical jargon, but visual representations let anyone with understanding of the business interpret data through dynamic models.
Some typical responsibilities a data scientist might have include:
- Research
- Statistical modelling
- Machine learning algorithms
- Data mining
- Data cleaning and preparation
- Automating work with predictive analytics
- Presenting data for enterprise use
There are a number of tools they might use to accomplish these tasks. Statistics programs like SPSS, MatLab, and SaS are common.
As far as programming languages they might prefer R, C++, or Python (Python is popular).
Data scientists with a focus on predictive analytics and machine learning are likely to be familiar with RapidMiner.
What is a Data Engineer
While data scientists are concerned with preparing and interpreting data, data engineers have a material focus: architecture.
They're in charge of the "data pipeline" that feeds other disciplines.
Data scientists design and build systems that accept, store, share, manipulate, and maintain data.
What exactly does that entail? Data engineers are generally responsible for:
- Databases
- Data warehousing
- ETL (Extract, Transform and Load)
- Collecting and managing data
- Large scale processing systems
Some data engineering software, like Hadoop, overlap with the typical data scientist toolkit.
Data engineers use MySQL and NoSQL database tools. Warehousing software such as Hive and database management systems (DBMS) like Oracle are fairly well-established tools as well.
The programming languages used in data engineering are usually Java, Javascript, Unix, Linux, and SQL.
Finding Common Ground
Data engineers build, optimize, and maintain the tools data scientists use to explore and interpret data.
In other words, engineers supply the scientists with data and keep it under control while scientists turn the data into business solutions. The two fields work in tandem.
There is a skill overlap, but since nearly everyone specializes it would be unreasonable to expect them to do each other's jobs.
Finding one person who can oversee the data architecture while simultaneously doing regular data science duties is a Herculean task.
The combination is so rare that HR managers jokingly call data scientists who also do data engineering "unicorns".
Taking a Practical View
Instead of trying to navigate the subtle nuances of data science titles, many companies sidestep the issue by outsourcing their data science needs.
There's also a growing trend towards self-service analytics, where analytics tools built into enterprise apps or other internal software let executives handle their own data.
What data science skills does your company lack? Concepta's developers can help fill the gap with the latest data science and business intelligence tools. Schedule your complimentary consultation to find out more!


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Project Description
   Challenge: Developed a discount solution for MCB card holders.
  Solution: Devbatch created a mobile application that lets the card holders enjoy discounts at selected stores & restaurants.
  Result: MCB customers can now enjoy remarkable offers & discounts with a mere tapping of their smartphone.


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Katie • 22 Years • Yugoslavia
Absolutely stunning, waist length platinum blonde hair. Stunning size 8 petit figure with 36dd bust (all real) Very glamorous, big blue eyes, always dressed to thrill.
In the time that Katie has been here she has always been complemented on her unhurried and friendly service.


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It has been 10 years this summer since I lost my wonderful mom because of bone marrow cancer, multiple myeloma. Too many people die due to multiple myeloma. Every year since her death, I raise money in her memory. Currently, I support Myeloma Canada by participating in the Multiple Myeloma March. It will take place in early Oct. 2019.
Please donate and help fund clinical research and support advocacy for accelerated access to game-changing therapies for Canadian myeloma patients.
Please make a donation today and help me to reach my fundraising goal! Any amounts are appreciated.
Thanks so much,
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Myeloma Canada
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The advantages of braid is that it has absolutely no stretch which makes it ideal for long casting and you can fight a big fish a lot harder with no stretch in the line. Compared to mono, the braid is immensely strong for its thickness which allows more line capacity on reels.
Braid to swivel, lure or hook - Clinch Knot
The clinch knot is basically the only knot used with braid. It is a connection that fails for some, unfortunately most often when the trophy fish strikes!
A 22-turn improved clinch knot is 100% bullet proof when tied correctly. The knot has to be lubricated and pulled up slowly, to form a neat, slim knot.
Braid to Leader - FG knot
When tying your braid to the straight to the leader, a FG knot is by far has the best knot strength and is very easy to tie when out on the water.


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Where: Chatham Fish and Game
Please join us for our annual dinner to celebrate the anniversary of scouting and the achievement of our second year Webelos scouts as they advance to Boy Scouts. We will also have presentations from Chatham Boy Scout Troops 8, 28, and 121.
All Scouts and their families are invited to join us.
Dinner will be served and will cost $7 per person (6 and under are free). Please sign up below:


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A stunning, personalised place setting is an important consideration for your Big Day: we can supply co-ordinated menus, place cards, table number or name cards and table plans to make your wedding super special. A beautifully elegant design, Crathorne is available in the 3 colours pictured (champagne, dusky lilac and duck egg), but if you have a particular colour request, please ask and we will be happy to look at alternative colourways for you: choose 'your colour choice' from the drop down menu. It is designed to co-ordinate with Crathorne wedding invitation, and other 'on the day' stationery from the Crathorne range. This A5 booklet has a 4 page insert for your menu details. The cover is printed on heavy, 300gm fine art paper and the text pages on 120gm paper. The cover has an applied 3mm satin bow. Once you have placed your order, we will contact you within 24 hours to request your personalised text information. We will then provide you with a digital proof for you to approve.
crathorne booklet menu
please select colour
ordering quantities
Please choose quantities from within the shopping cart (ie. firstly specify your wedding invitation from this page choosing inserts and colour etc. and click the "ADD TO CART" button. Next, go to the cart by clicking the shopping bag symbol on the menu bar; then click the "VIEW CART" button and enter the number of wedding invitations you require in the "QUANTITY" box).
co-ordinating stationery
wedding invitations
evening invitations
save the date cards
order of service
place cards
table number / name cards
thank you cards
* we can also create matching table plans, please fill in an enquiry form and we will send you details.


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The Empress Console on Frame
The Empress Console on Frame is an elegant and sophisticated basin that will look classic and stylish in any bathroom setting. We offer a selection of brassware finishes so you can select your perfect style.
Elegant and refined, the Empress console on frame is the perfect classic basin console for your bathroom.
The Empress Console on Frame has a wide one metre surface allows plenty of space to place your bathroom luxuries whilst adding to the overall refined look. The metal frame doubles as a handy towel rail and comes in a number of metal finishes.
Please note that this basin does NOT include the taps and fittings and these will need to be purchased separately. For metal frame finish options and related products, please see below.
- Width1000mm
- Height970mm
- Depth540mm


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1955, American jazz saxophonist and composer Charlie Parker died of a heart attack in New York City while watching Tommy Dorsey's Orchestra on television. He was 34. The coroner who performed his autopsy mistakenly estimated Parker's 34-year-old body to be between 50 and 60 years of age. (After years of drug and alcohol abuse).
1963, The Beatles played at the Granada Cinema in Bedford. Also on the bill, Chris Montez and Tommy Roe. John Lennon, suffering from a heavy cold, was unable to perform, so The Beatles set was rearranged so that George and Paul could sing the parts that John usually sang.
1967, The Velvet Underground & Nico the debut album by the Velvet Underground was released by Verve Records. Though the record was a commercial failure upon release and was almost entirely ignored by contemporary critics, The Velvet Underground & Nico is now widely recognised as one of the greatest and most influential albums in the history of popular music.
1968, The Rolling Stones started recording their next single 'Jumpin' Jack Flash' with new producer Jimmy Miller at Olympic studios in London. Keith Richards has stated that he and Jagger wrote the lyrics while staying at Richards' country house, where they were awakened one morning by the sound of gardener Jack Dyer walking past the window. When Jagger asked what the noise was, Richards responded, "Oh, that's Jack – that's jumpin' Jack."
1969, Paul McCartney married Linda Eastman at Marylebone Register Office. They then held a reception lunch at The Ritz Hotel, Paul then went to Abbey Road studios in the evening to work. George Harrison and his wife Patti were arrested on the same day and charged with possession of 120 joints of marijuana.
1969, The Temptations became the first Motown recording act to win a Grammy Award – for 'Cloud Nine' for the Best Rhythm & Blues Group Performance. The single which reached No.2 on the US charts was the first of their singles to feature Dennis Edwards instead of David Ruffin in the lineup, and was the first of producer Norman Whitfield's psychedelic soul tracks.
1970, James Browns backing band The J.B.'s were formed after most of the members of his previous band walked out on him over a pay dispute. The J.B.'s initial lineup included bassist William "Bootsy" Collins and his guitarist brother Phelps "Catfish" Collins, formerly of the obscure funk band The Pacemakers.
1971, The Allman Brothers Band played the first of two nights at the Fillmore East, New York. Both shows were recorded and released as The Allman Brothers live double album, which became the groups breakthrough album.
1974, John Lennon made the headlines after an incident at the Troubadour Club, LA. Out on a drinking binge with Harry Nilsson, Lennon hurled insults at the performing Smothers Brothers and punched their manager before being forcibly removed.
1977, The Sex Pistols were involved in a fight at London's Speakeasy Club with Bob Harris, presenter of BBC 2's The Old Grey Whistle Test, resulting in one of the shows engineers needing 14 stitches in his head. Two days later Harris's solicitors contact Derek Green at A&M the bands record label. Harris's management also managed Peter Frampton, one of the label's top acts at A&M. Green discussed the matter with the company's two founders, Jerry Moss and Herb Alpert and the decision is made to cancel the Pistols contract and halt production of the bands first single, 'God Save The Queen'.
1983, U2 scored their first UK No.1 album with 'War', which went on to spend a total of 147 weeks on the chart. The album featured the singles 'New Years Day' and 'Two Hearts Beat As One'.
1983, Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler had her only UK No.1 single with a song written by Meat Loaf's producer, Jim Steinman, 'Total Eclipse Of The Heart'. Also No.1 in the US, (the only Welsh artist to score a US No.1), Canada and Australia, the single sold over 5 million copies.
1988, Rick Astley started a two week run at No.1 on the US singles chart with 'Never Gonna Give You Up', also a No.1 in the UK.
1994, Swedish group Ace Of Base started a six week run at No.1 on the US singles chart with 'The Sign', a No.2 hit in the UK.
1995, The Spin Doctors played a gig at singer Chris Barron's old School in Princeton and raised $10,000 towards a trip to France and the UK for the school choir.
2001, Judy Garland's 'Over The Rainbow' was voted the Song Of The Century in a poll published in America. Musicians, critics and fans compiled the list by the RIA. The highest placed UK act was The Rolling Stones (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction in 16th place. The Beatles had 'I Want To Hold Your Hand' at No. 28.
2004, Rosalind Morganfield, the 34 year old daughter of Blues artist Muddy Waters, surrendered to police after a warrant was issued accusing her of being involved in the 1996 murder of 19 year old Timothy Jason Harrington during a drug deal.
2006, Former Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour went to No.1 on the UK album chart with his third solo album On An Island. In 2009 UK radio station Planet Rock held a poll asking listeners to name the 'Greatest Solo Album Written By A Former Band Member'. David Gilmour was voted into first place with On An Island.
2007, Amy Winehouse made her US television debut on the Late Show with David Letterman performing 'Rehab'. The song went on to win three Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and also won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song.
2009, Hundreds of fans queued at the O2 arena in London as Michael Jackson tickets went on sale to the public. The 50-year-old pop veteran had confirmed he would be playing a 50-date residency at the venue, beginning on 8 July 2009. Some 360,000 pre-sale tickets had already sold. Organisers said the This Is It tour had become the fastest-selling in history, with 33 seats sold each minute. Prices ranged from £170 to £10,000, but tickets bought directly from the singer's website cost up to £75. Jackson had said this would be the last time he would perform in the UK.
2010, Over 130 people were arrested and eight people were hospitalised as fans tried to gatecrash a Metallica show in Colombia. 1,500 police and four tanks were brought in to manage the crowds as property was vandalized and destroyed, as thousands of ticketless fans rioted during Metallica's first Colombian concert in eleven years.
2012, Country star Taylor Swift beat Adele and Lady Gaga to be named the highest-earning pop artist of 2011. The 22-year-old earned $35,719,902 in
2011 from a combination of music sales, royalties and touring. U2 took second place with $32m thanks to their 360 tour, seen by more than seven million people while Adele came 10th.
2012, Doobie Brothers drummer Michael Hossack died at his home in Dubois, Wyoming at the age of 65. He had been battling cancer for some time and succumbed to complications of the disease with his family at his side. Hossack was a member of the Doobie Brothers between 1971 and 1973, playing on several of the band's best-known hits, including 'Listen to the Music' and 'China Grove'.
2013, Bob Dylan was voted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters, marking the first time a rock musician had been chosen for the elite honor society. Officials in the Academy – which recognises music, literature and visual art – were unable to decide if Dylan belonged for his words or his music and instead inducted him as an honorary member like previous honorees Meryl Streep, Woody Allen and Martin Scorsese.
2013, Clive Burr, drummer with Iron Maiden died in his sleep in London, four days after his 56th birthday, due to complications related to MS. Iron Maiden had the 1982 UK No.1 album The Number Of The Beast, and the 1991 UK No.1 single 'Bring Your Daughter To The Slaughter'. Burr was a member of up-and-coming British metal band, Samson, before joining Maiden in 1979.
2016, Iron Maiden's personal Boeing 747 was badly damaged after colliding with a tow truck while grounded at Santiago, Chile. The band's crew and their twenty tons of equipment were not onboard at the time of the crash, but two ground crew workers were injured.


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Arduino-based temperature and humidity logger.
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John Hardy Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace
This rare, discontinued design is the perfect example of John Hardy luxury sterling fashion jewelry. The 17 inch wheat necklace is in perfect condition, features a hook closure, and marked '925'. The pendant is a "woven basket" design. The back is well marked with the John Hardy hallmark. Comes with the original John Hardy double pouch and polishing cloth. A fantastic gift for a special lady.
From the John Hardy website.....
We craft our jewelry by hand, one piece at a time, through a unique 8-step process starting with a hand-sketched and watercolor design, followed by a wax carving and master casting of the piece, and ending with the hand-setting of each gemstone. We are known for bold designs and meticulous attention to details, seen in our iconic Classic Chain bracelet, which takes one artisan four days to weave by hand. Over the years, we've stayed true to the authentic jewelry-making techniques of the Balinese royal courts— chain-weaving, hand-hammering precious metals, carving intricate back-grille scenes inspired by nature, and the textured jawan motif, traditionally found in the decoration of sacred objects. Each one-of-a-kind piece is imbued with meaning through powerful design and dramatic details.
Free US shipping is next day USPS Priority Mail, tracked, fully insured, at your door in 1-4 business days.
Thank you! Bazodee Bazaar is your source for vintage, oddities, antiques, and other cool stuff. Our items are also available on Etsy, Amazon, and eBay.
Our goal is to make your online buying experience a real pleasure!
NOTE: Please review pictures, store policy page, and description carefully. After your purchase you will receive an email with discount coupon codes. You can opt out of receiving future emails at that time.
RETURNS: 100% money back guarantee if Not As Described or Damaged In Shipping.
SHIPPING: Shipping is usually calculated for USPS Priority Mail or USPS Priority Mail International. All items are tracked and fully insured.
U.S. SHIPPING: We ship anywhere in the US free unless otherwise specified in the listing.
INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING: We ship anywhere on the planet that has a postal service with insurance. Contact us for issues concerning international shipping.


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By Sgt. Marty BortonMarch 31, 2017
CAMP ARIFJAN, Kuwait - The volunteers who come to work for the United Services Organization facilities in the U.S. Army Central area of operations work long hours to help support troop morale. Most of these volunteers are civilians, who want to support Service members any way they can, and some are even prior service. However, the USO at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait, is home to a current Army Reserve Soldier.
Staff Sgt. Heaven Howes, a logistics coordinator duty manager with USO Camp Arifjan, and a transportation movement specialist in the U.S. Army Reserve, currently assigned to the 940th Movement Control Team, Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and she calls the USO home.
"Ironically enough, as a Service member, she is one of the very people that the USO supports," said Jessica Shelton, programs coordinator duty manger, USO Camp Arifjan. "Here she is doing what she can on the civilian side to continue supporting the troops."
Howes' duties at the USO include, but are not limited to, balancing monthly accounts, processing documents pertaining to fundamental programs, assisting with the volunteer programs, and upkeep of the center.
"She became the main person that I would observe to see how a center is run," said Aubree Minakami, the social media and family services coordinator duty manager, at USO Camp Arifjan. "I'm very glad of that, she is very professional on top of everything she does."
Shelton says Howes' experiences have had a huge impact when it comes to her position with the USO.
"She always has the USO mission in mind and tries to make this center a home away from home for our patrons," Shelton said.
Howes elaborates on Shelton's mention and the opportunity she is afforded by working at the USO.
"It is a privilege to provide our 'guys' with a home away from home, by working to supply them with a place of refuge, relaxation, entertainment, solace, comfort, and ways to connect to home or with others," Howes said.
Moreover, her actions and accommodating nature does not stop just at the Soldiers who frequent the USO. She also jokes and plays pranks on other volunteers and co-workers. However, when there is work to do, she always places the mission first.
"Heaven is a big goofball, but when it comes down to completing a task she is full steam ahead and ready to go," Shelton said. "She has an awesome work ethic ... and she will go above and beyond for everyone around her."
And this work standard she follows does not go unnoticed among the other volunteers.
"She definitely puts her all into her work," Ramos stated. "She loves it. She gives it her whole heart and soul, even if she's tired, she still gives it 100 percent."
While her work ethic and selfless service may indeed be a personal trait, Howes credits her female peers and senior leadership for helping shape her as a person and a Soldier. Whereas, she is especially proud of the progress the Army has made toward equal treatment of female troops.
"Often times, when I state the name of a high-ranking individual it is met with male pronouns -- he and him, there is a sense of pride when saying that a woman holds the position," Howes stated. "I love when I see anyone succeed, but there is something special about seeing women complete the Army Ranger course or excelling in a position that was once only for men."
Nevertheless, she strives to exemplify the best of qualities where ever she can and with whomever she meets.
"I find characteristics within all women that I meet, that I appreciate and want to embody in my own character," she said.
Those around Howes also say her values and personal courage make a lasting impression.
"She's not a woman who will back from anything," said Ramos. "If she has a dream, then she chases it."
And to some she is even setting an admirable example and ideology.
"She's fearless and flexible and she shows people you can do anything you can set your mind to," said Minakami.
Some of her co-workers and volunteers say they admire Howes' character and have embraced some of the qualities that she presents.
"She's very positive and super uplifting," Ramos stated. "If I tell her my goals and my dreams she motivates me to do it."
Likewise, her kindness and consideration reaches those around her, regardless of their position.
"Her compassion and empathy for the volunteers was also something that I really picked up on when I first got here," Minakami said. "A lot of those qualities within her are things that I hope to achieve as a duty manager here."
On the other hand,as a noncommissioned officer, Howes, like the women that she looks up to, had to start from the bottom. As with many in the Army, Howes enlisted at an early age in search of advancing herself personally and professionally.
"I enlisted into the military at 17 and left for (basic training) when I was 18 years old. I joined the military because I desired a greater sense of purpose," she said. "I wanted to experience new opportunities, educate myself, and be financially independent."
Over those years Howes developed her leadership and uses that to help teach those at the USO.
"I came from a limited career experience before I came out here, I've learned a lot from her leadership style," Dolan said.
Howes' career has provided her many opportunities to gain knowledge; two separate deployments to Afghanistan, an assignment to Italy, and she randomly travels to several states in support of Army missions.
"The experiences the military has given me is something I would not have been able to achieve had I not joined," Howes said.
Even though Howes is working as a civilian with the USO she still has to maintain her Army Reserve commitment. She says she accomplishes this by coordinating with other Reserve units located at Camp Arifjan.
"With all of her challenges with Reservist life out here, she has carved her own path and a lot of people are inspired by it," Minakami said. "It's posed no problems or issues with (the USO)."
Minakami expanded on the uniqueness of Howes' situation, considering she is a Reservist while also working at the USO as a civilian, but her skills help her bridge the gap between the military and civilian world.
"I am so proud of my service in the United States Army Reserve," Howes said. "The Reserves has made me into the woman I am today."
Howes believes her life lessons have helped her understand how to better engage and support all those who come visit the USO center.
"I hope my intimate knowledge of the military allows me to better support the troops here at Camp Arifjan. We are still one team, one fight; even if I am on the other side of the house at the USO," Howes said. "The greatest honor about working as a duty manager for the USO at Camp Arifjan is that I am able to provide support to my sisters and brothers in arms in such a different capacity."


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In stock
Today we are pleased to offer a rare piece of French treenware used in wine making. This is a wooden tool, made of elm, that was used to cork the wine bottles by hand, long before the process was mechanized. It consists of a top and bottom portion as well as a handle with a rod which extends to the bottom of the piece. It is well turned and the top and bottom pieces were held together with a leather hinge, which has dried out and separated with age (an easy fix for your local shoemaker). The piece measures a little under 9″. It's beautifully made — stump your friends and see who can identify it's purpose (it took us a little while to figure it out!)
© 2018 RI Antiques Co


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I design and build wordpress websites for small businesses and sole traders (e.g. cake makers, roofers, alternative therapists, footcare therapists etc.). The software I use to build the website is WordPress (click here to find out more). I start with the basic theme but then work hard to change it to match the client's branding. Our websites become very special and unique.
At the beginning of any web design project, I consult with the client to understand the background to the website: what is the focus of the site, who is the audience, will social media be needed, has the domain been bought, is hosting needed and what size will the website need to be.
A typical wordpress web design project involves the following steps:
- Consultation
- Purchase of Domain(s) (if needed)
- Hosting
- Choose theme, overall look
- Choose colours and font
- Design site map
- Create logo
- Create copy
- Select images
- Use sliders if needed
- Overview and editing
- Links to Social Media
- Search Engine Optimisation & Registration
- Launch
A wordpress website will need maintenance after launch. The main software and associated plugins will need to be updated as and when needed to ensure functionality and security of the site. I am happy to train clients on how to do this or to do this on behalf of the clients for a fee.
Click here to see our Website Packages or Pricing at a glance.
Recent wordpress sites I have built include:
- www.jane-shaw-cunningham.com
- www.midnightbaker.co.uk
- www.burghfieldfootcare.co.uk
- www.raleadworks.co.uk
- www.rpheatingservices.co.uk
Corporate sites I have project managed include:


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Confronting Yahoo Account Recovery Issues Then Avail Yahoo Support
If you are confronting the Yahoo Account Recovery Issues then just feel free to avail of the Yahoo Support by giving a call or dropping a text . Our professionals are always available to render the best help and they also try to meet the customer's needs and requirements. You also take guidance from or professionals to fix the issues on your own. https://www.contact-customer-service.co/
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Ten UQ students have returned from Shanghai after being embedded in some of the world's leading technology startups through a four-week China Mobility Program run by The University of Queensland (UQ).
Selected student entrepreneurs from a variety of study areas worked alongside startup founders, CEOs and innovation gurus learning first-hand the process of founding, investing and growing an early-stage business in the gargantuan Chinese economy.
Not only were students immersed in the Chinese culture within one of the world's largest technology development hubs, Caohejing Hi-tech Park, they also attended development and networking events and rubbed shoulders with Australian dignitaries visiting Shanghai.
UQ Master of Business graduate from Mumbai, Visakh Vignesh, said that the UQ Idea Hub China Mobility Program connected him to a vast network of driven and successful business leaders.
"You get to meet people working for big companies, like Philips, Starbucks and a bunch of other companies that are deeply invested in China, and also get an opportunity to meet with successful investors, accelerator programs etc. that are operating in China," Visakh said.
"The kind of connections and the kind of networks that you can form in this university, by putting yourself through programs like Idea Hub and some of the other ones that the university is involved in, are second to none in this country."
Hear more about UQ Idea Hub from Visakh:
The China Mobility Program is part of UQ Idea Hub, a startup pre-incubator that connects young innovators with mentors, and provides workshops and learning experiences to entrepreneurially-minded students.
UQ Idea Hub Director Nimrod Klayman was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the students, who were supported in the program through a full scholarship.
"We're equipping these students with the technical skills they need to make real change in the world, and in return we are consistently blown away by the creativity and diversity of business ideas they develop, and their positive, go-get-em attitudes," Mr Klayman said.
Information technology and business management student Josh Bitossi said the China Mobility Program was "an unreal experience".
"I learnt more in this month of intensive learning and working than I normally would in six months because UQ put so much effort into making sure the people we were meeting and the activities we were doing were constantly boosting our learning."
The China Mobility Program runs annually in June and July, and is open to all students at The University of Queensland who have completed the UQ Idea Hub program.
Come to the UQ Information Day in New Delhi or Mumbai to explore your study options at one of Australia's leading Group of Eight universities.
Speak to university professional and academic staff, explore our wide range of exciting programs, find out more about entry requirements and potential scholarship opportunities and see where UQ can lead you next.
Learn to see the potential of the world. Gain the knowledge to make it better.


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This International Day of Women and Girls in Science, we spoke to four inspirational women—from Young Champions of the Earth to the Chief Executive Office of Future Tech Lab. We asked these women blazing a trail in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), what their advice is to other women and girls to want to take up these careers.
These women use their scientific skills to protect the environment and push for a more sustainable planet: their powerful words remind us to strive for a better world and to support each other.
Their testimonials may inspire you to realize your vision this year too, and apply to be a Young Champion of the Earth. The prize, powered by Covestro, is open. Why not apply here today?
Miroslava Duma, Chief Executive Officer and Founder of Future Tech Lab is a digital entrepreneur, philanthropist and active investor across a range of promising businesses including digital media, technology and responsible fashion.
My background in fashion and digital journalism had exposed me to the two areas in a very complementing way, so it was almost natural for me to develop my career further in the field of fashion tech. I always wanted to work towards a groundbreaking transformation for the fashion industry. The biggest challenge is to change the mindset of the business and have decision makers accept that technology helps to solve problems and push the fashion and appeal industry to evolve and truly embrace innovation. The more scientists and researchers I meet, the more I see talented and forward-thinking people who are hoping to get their genius ideas to market and collaborate. I think what is important in any career is to stay motivated, curious and hungry for information. STEM—science, technology, engineering and mathematics—is evolving at lightning speed, so maintaining your hand on the pulse of the latest developments and understanding how STEM careers can drive change in the most unexpected industries is absolutely key. Companies should lead by example and hire the incredible female talent that already exists in this field.
Miao Wang is a citizen scientist, Young Champion of the Earth for Asia and the Pacific and Founder of Better Blue.
It is essential that we use professional and scientific methods to promote conservation. While our understanding of science makes us the dominant creatures of the planet, we also must use science to invent powerful solutions to the problems we cause. Therefore, there are many misunderstandings about why I do the job I do—will I make a living, for example? You need to have a strong inner power and firmly believe in what you do. Other people will witness the fact that you can lead change. Let your heart tell you what you really like. Follow that instead of listening to what other people say. Happiness and satisfaction in your life depends on your inner peace and on recognizing your own value. As women in science, curiosity, courage and persistence define our character.
Heba Al Fara is an environmental engineer, Young Champion of the Earth for West Asia, Founder of the Women in Energy and Environment Organization, and LEED Green Associate.
The power and impact of science in our daily lives has always been visible and real to me. My mother taught me to discover, search and learn more about nature, and the science behind how things happen around us. I have faced a lot of challenges in my life—every day is risky in Gaza, Palestine. I felt unsafe, and it was not easy to realize dreams in that kind of environment. I have worked through difficulties and used a positive mindset to create a new community, meet new people and work in the field of science. Focus on what you want to make and be in life, work on your passions and always keep believing in your dreams. Science is for everyone. As women in science, we must engage and share our stories. I believe that through education and learning, we can become more involved and create our own opportunities in the world.
Miranda Wang is a biologist and engineer, Young Champion of the Earth for North America, and Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of BioCellection, Inc.
My high school teachers and mentors were a wonderful source of inspiration for my work in science. Field trips to the great outdoors and experiments in the classroom lab were highlights of my school days. Learning about the plastic problem and iterating through multiple ideas for solutions was a difficult process. It required grit, curiosity and faith. I overcame these hurdles by building and championing a diverse team and a strong cofounder partnership. My advice to other women and girls is to go after big, audacious challenges. Find a friend and commit to your partner so that you can go farther together. Do what you know will shake the world, don't stop, tune out the noise and keep going.
We encourage everyone who wants to make a difference for our planet to see if they have what it takes to be a Young Champion of the Earth. Apply today! The Young Champions of the Earth Prize is powered by Covestro.


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ing point, combining properties, and so forth, but that they do vary,
when encountered, with respect to size, weight, shape, ownership, mon-
etary value, place they were mined (for mined minerals), and so forth.
You know that there are properties that the chemical kinds have qua be-
ing those very chemicals again, and that there are other properties that
only samples of them have.This is because you understand the category
chemical compound to correspond not merely (if at all) to a substance
(what, if any, are the determinate properties that every chemical com-
pound has?) but to a substance template (Section 1.8). Similarly, you
probably take me to be right about Xavier, not because you know him
personally, but because you understand him to fall under the substance
template human being, and you have a good idea what determinables are
likely to be constant for substances falling in this category.
But if you also agreed with me about Felis domesticus, why was that?
Was it because you know that every species of animal is uniform, for
example, with respect to adult size? But snakes and alligators keep right
on growing. Or because you know that every species of animal is liable
to vary in color from individual to individual? But this is not true of
most species. Nor is it true of most species – perhaps only of mammals
and some birds – that their behavior patterns may vary significantly
from individual to individual. Animal is not as well focused a template
as either chemical compound or human being. Knowing just that something
is an animal, you will have lots of ideas about the kinds of questions that
can be asked about it, but for a significant proportion of these, you may
not know in advance whether they can be answered univocally for the
species as a whole. If you are given that the animal is a mammal, of
course, this may help quite a lot. Categories like animal and mammal
correspond, of course, to substances – each has some univocal proper-
ties of its own – but, more important, for the project of gathering
knowledge, they bring with them substance templates. The categories
animal species, mammal species, person, crab, pebble, bridge, road, musical compo-
sition, chemical element, and book, for example, are all substance templates
as well as corresponding to substances in their own right. As templates,
they take predicates like "have shapes," "have colors," "have metabolism
rates," "have specific gravities," "have spatial lengths," "have temporal
lengths," "have designers," "are written in languages (French, German),"
and so forth.
I have mentioned that substances vary both in the number of induc-
tions they support and in the reliability of the inductions they support.
Here we have a third kind of variability in substance quality. Substances
vary in the availability and sharpness of focus of recognizable substance
templates covering them. Where good substance templates are available
and known, concepts of the substances falling under them are extremely
easy to develop, for it is known in advance what kinds of determinables
will be determinate for these substances, hence what kinds of induc-
tions they can support. The discovery of substance templates requires
something like meta-inductions, although there is some evidence that
certain meta-inductions may be bypassed by human infants. Some grasp
of certain templates, some grasp of the structure of certain substance
domains, may be wired in (compare Atran 1989; Boyer 1998; Carey
1985; Gallistel et al. 1993; Gelman and Coley 1991; Keil 1979, 1989;
Markman 1989; Marler 1993, Spelke 1989, 1993). For those disciplines
systematic enough to be clearly labeled as well-developed empirical sci-
ences, the substances studied typically fall under well-focused substance
templates, or under a hierarchy of such templates. Especially, well-
founded second-order inductions of this sort would seem to underlie all
of what Kuhn labeled "normal science." The basic principles of good
scientific induction are never found in logic alone; all inductive reason-
ing rests on a posteriori projectability judgments (compare, for example,
Boyd 1991).
Many substances do not fall under well-focused substance templates,
however. Consider, for example, the substance chair. I have argued that
this is a historical substance, but what substance template do chairs fit
under? It is clear that one would not want to project a science of fur-
niture, for example, for although there may be one or two questions
pretty certain to have answers for each kind of furniture (what was it
designed to be used for?), there are not nearly enough to delimit in ad-
vance all or most of the determinables that are relatively reliably deter-
mined for most chairs.
Aristotle thought there was a hierarchial ordering among all sub-
stances. According to the doctrine of "real definition" or of natural or-
dering by genus and differentia, substances were supposed to form a
logical tree. I think this doctrine was seriously wrong. The structure of
the domain of substances is frankly a logical mess, a mare's nest of over-
lappings and crisscrossings.There are multitudes of entwined substances,
very very many more, surely, than we have ideas of. The ones that are
picked up by thought and by language are only those that have proper-
ties of interest to us. But that they are interesting does nothing, of
course, to make their status as substances less than fully objective. Tree
structure is good for a general classification system to have (Section
3.2), but it is not the structure of the logical space of substances nor of
most of its subspaces.
Consider butter on the one hand and human beings on the other.
Clearly there is no way to hang these on the same logical tree.They are
neither beside one another (horizontal) under some higher substance,
nor is one included in the other (vertical), nor is there some more in-
clusive substance covering them both. (Aristotle might have said they
are both subsumed under substance and under Being, but substance is not
a substance and neither is Being.) When we look within domains rather
than across them, matters are no tidier. Susan is a 1990s American
mother and a professor and a diabetic. Each of these is a rough sub-
stance category, but there is no logical tree on which they all hang.
Heated modern debates among biologists about principles of classifica-
tion (phenetics, cladistics, evolutionary classification) reflect exactly this:
There is no natural way to organize the substances that are of interest
to the zoologist or botanist into a single hierarchy.The demand that bi-
ological taxonomy should settle on a single hierarchy is of course quite
rational. A good classification system is needed for information storage
and retrieval among the various biologists. The actual systems of classi-
fication used by biologists are compromises between good classification
and respect for natural substance boundaries (compare Mayr 1981). In
the natural domain of substances there is a confusing crisscrossing, every
which way. On the other hand, wherever there exist substances that are
also substance templates, a degree of hierarchy and order is naturally im-
posed on the domain of substances.
For every substance, one can ask how many inductions, if I knew to
venture them, would yield reliable results.We also can ask how many of
these inductions I could know to venture in advance through grasp of
a good template for the substance. The latter question is the more in-
teresting to the epistemologist. The interesting question of inductive
potential concerns how many determinables you know you can find
stable values for, not how many stable properties the substance actually
has. The best substances are the ones for which there are rich, known,
substance templates, for example, the chemical elements and com-
pounds, the various living species, and also individual members of these
species, and most more ordinary individual physical objects. These are
things we know how to learn many things about without wasting time
on dozens of observations verifying the stability of each trait.
A question that has sometimes been asked by psychologists interested
in categorization concerns which level of substance categories are in-
ductively the most "fertile" to have a grasp of (see Komatsu 1998). The
question assumes, of course, some degree of hierarchial structure within
the domain to be considered. Now if one were to recognize only the
lowest level substances, say, only the individual animals or only the
species, although it is true that these have the greatest number of prop-
erties, learning about these properties would be a hopelessly inefficient
process. One would have to start all over with each individual object or
species, exploring its individual features, with no contribution from
prior knowledge of higher substances carrying substance templates, ei-
ther about its properties or its relevant determinables. It seems that there
is no particular level at which greatest "fertility" lies. It results, rather,
from an interaction between levels.
Classifying, Identifying, and the
Function of Substance Concepts
Substances, as I have described them, are whatever one can learn from
given only one or a few encounters, various skills or information that
will apply on other encounters. Further, this possibility must be
grounded in some kind of natural necessity.The function of a substance
concept is to make possible this sort of learning and use of knowledge
for a specific substance. For this, the cognizing organism must be able to
recognize the specific substance under a variety of different conditions,
as many as possible. It needs to do this, first, to grasp that the substance
it is learning about over various encounters is one and the same so that
knowledge of it can accumulate and, second, so that the accumulated
knowledge can be applied. For substance concepts to be employed in
the service of theoretical knowing – employed for knowing that rather
than knowing how – the substance must be represented in thought in a
univocal way, the same substance always represented as being the same.
This makes possible a stable, unequivocal, and nonredundant inner rep-
resentational system.
The ability to recognize what is objectively the same substance again
as the same despite wide variations in the faces it shows to the senses is
necessarily fallible. Although you surely have many ways of identifying
each member of your immediate family – similarly for water and for
cats – there will always be possible conditions under which you would
misidentify them, mistaking them for someone or something else. If a
concept is genuinely a substance concept, if its extension is really a sub-
stance, this extension is not determined by one's fallible dispositions to
recognize it. These dispositions, given any of numerous adverse condi-
tions, would break up the extension of the substance or mix it with
other things.The extension of a substance concept is determined not by
one's dispositions (rightly or wrongly) to recognize it but, first, by the
real extent of the substance in nature.
The purpose of this chapter is to clear the ground of certain rubble
left by classical and contemporary theories according to which disposi-
tions to identify do determine the extensions of substance concepts.1
Chapter 4 will then begin the foundation for another explanation of
how a substance concept hooks onto its extension – onto a substance,
whole – and how it is determined onto which substance it is hooked.2
It will begin to establish a version of what is sometimes called "direct
reference" theory.
To understand how the extension of a substance concept is deter-
mined, first we must understand more exactly what the functions of
substance concepts are, hence to what sort of things in nature they need
to be hitched in order to serve these functions. The standard view has
been that terms for kinds and stuffs correspond to capacities to classify
instances falling under these terms. I claim instead that most such terms
correspond in the first instance to abilities to identify substances, and
that they are only secondarily used as classifiers. The result of the stan-
dard view has been a thorough confusion between two quite different
kinds of functions, the functions of identifying and the functions of
Sharpening the distinction between the terms "identify" and "classify"
somewhat for expository purposes, the difference between identifying
and classifying lies both in purpose and in the psychological structure of
these acts.The purposes of classification and identification are hopelessly
entangled, for example, in the following contemporary descriptions by
psychologists of the functions of what the authors call "categorization"
and "concepts":
1 Appendix B also concerns this matter. It concerns information theories of mental content
according to which to have a concept of Xes, one must be able to "discriminate" between
Xes and all other things.
2 The explanation will not be completely finished, however, until the full implications of the
theory of abilities to be introduced in Chapter 4 have been drawn out in Chapters 13 and
Categorization . . . is a means of simplifying the environment, of reducing the
load on memory, and of helping us to store and retrieve information efficiently.
(Markman 1989, p. 11)
Without concepts, mental life would be chaotic. If we perceived each entity as
unique, we would be overwhelmed by the sheer diversity of what we experi-
ence and unable to remember more than a minute fraction of what we en-
counter. And if each individual entity needed a distinct name, our language
would be staggeringly complex and communication virtually impossible."
(Smith and Medin 1981, p. 1)
. . . concepts are used to classify . . . if you know nothing about a novel object
but are told it is an instance of X, you can infer that the object has all or many
of X's properties. . . . (Smith and Medin 1981, p. 8)
A good classification system aids efficient information storage, re-
trieval, and transfer of information, or efficient storage and retrieval of
the objects classified, or, in a different but related way, efficient com-
munication. It aids the efficient storage and retrieval of what we al-
ready know when we use dictionaries, encyclopedias, telephone
books, guide books, filing systems, classification systems in libraries,
and so forth. It aids in putting objects away where they can be found
again in grocery stores, hardware stores, museums, home workshops,
and again, libraries. It aids in communication in the following way.
Shared classification systems allow one person efficiently to convey
enough information about a thing for another to retrieve it, either lit-
erally or from memory. For example, saying it is "the red book on my
table in my study" that I want you to bring will get me what I want
only if we share a way of classifying things into those that are studies
and those that are not, those that are mine and those that are not, and
into books and nonbooks, red things and nonred things, tables and
nontables. Then I can swiftly convey enough for you to retrieve the
object I intend.
These being its principle uses, an ideal general classification system,
designed to cover a general domain, will draw sharp lines around the
classes it contains, so that each member in its domain falls determinately
either in or out of each class. General domain classification systems are
used, for example, by libraries and grocery stores. These lines need not
cut between items in all possible worlds, however, but only in the actual
domain where the classification system is to be used. Classification for
purposes of communication, on the other hand, does not correspond to
a single general domain. The domains that are involved in ordinary in-
formal communication typically are severely restricted by context, vary-
ing radically from one speaker-hearer pair and from one occasion to an-
other. For this reason, words whose natural extensions have very vague
boundaries can still be used in specific communicative contexts to clas-
sify objects precisely. I refer to what I want simply as "red," but given
the books on my table it is clear enough what object I want, even
though the entire domain of red things shades off gradually into pink
things, purple things, orange things, and so forth. If both my hearer and
I know my intended local domain and I choose my words well with
reference to it, I can often use very vague words to effect accurate
hearer classifications in context. It remains true, however, that clear
boundaries between classes relative to the actual members in the do-
main of its use is helpful for all of the functions of classification.
An ideal general classification system also has a tree or a grid struc-
ture, so that each item can be located within it by answering a determi-
nate set of questions in order. This assures that each member of the rel-
evant domain has one and only one location within the classification
system, hence that it can be efficiently put away and retrieved. This is
true also for classification used for communication. In asking for "the red
book on the table in my study," each of my descriptive words, used here
as classifiers, partitions my intended domain into two classes in such a
way that, taken together, they separate off just the intended (unit) class.
The initial data for a classification task must include a specification of
each property of each object to be classified that is relevant to its clas-
sification. It must be possible to answer each of the questions determin-
ing its classification. A librarian would not try to classify a book, for ex-
ample, without carefully examining its contents, and to classify an object
as a red book on the table in my study you must know it is red, a book,
on a table, in a study, and that the study is mine – every one of these.
On the other hand, most of the myriad properties of any object will not
be relevant to a given classification task. Librarians don't need to note
the colors, numbers of pages, numbers of illustrations, publishers, type
fonts or, usually, the shapes and sizes of the books they classify. But the
properties that define the classes in the classification system being used
obviously do need to be determined, whether by observation or by in-
ference, as either present or absent for each instance of a domain prior
to classifying it. Consonant with this, in classical "categorization" exper-
iments in psychology, since these are usually taken to be studies of clas-
sification, all properties of each "stimulus" and each "test item" consid-
ered to be relevant to the classification to be learned are clearly exhib-
ited to the learner.
Now consider Smith and Medin's claim quoted above that ". . . con-
cepts are used to classify . . . if you know nothing about a novel object
but are told it is an instance of X, you can infer that the object has all
or many of X's properties. . . ." Suppose that the extension of "X" is, as
suggested, merely a class and not also a substance. In that case, you will
not have to do any inferring in order to know that the object "has all or
most of X's properties." For in that case, the properties of the object
must include all of those properties used to determine that it falls in
class X, and no other properties will be inferable in a grounded way.
This is because grounded inferences from properties of some members
of a class to other members are possible only if the extension of the
class is a substance. Being a substance is the same thing as being some-
thing that grounds inferences of this kind; if no substance, then no
grounded inference. Concepts that merely classify, and do not also iden-
tify substances, contain exactly as much information as is analytically
put into them, no more and no less. If without concepts of this kind we
would be "unable to remember more than a minute fraction of what
we encounter," we would be just as unable with them. Use of words
that are shorthand for strings of memorized properties may make clas-
sification and communication more efficient, but it cannot make mem-
ory or thought more efficient.
Similarly, when a classification system is used for storing away infor-
mation in encyclopedias or libraries, it is not the classification system
that contains the information. The information is in the encyclopedia
entries and in the books, not in the classification system. In order to re-
trieve the information, one must first find the right entries or retrieve
the right books. And it is exactly the same when I use words to classify
what I am talking about. By classifying my subject matter as a "red book
on the table in my study," I hand you tools with which to circumscribe
that object, but if you are to retrieve any more information about it
than is already contained in my classification, you will either have to go
and find the extension itself and inspect it, or find it in your memory
so as to retrieve things you already happen to know about it. (On the
other hand, exactly because the word "book" is not merely a classifier
but corresponds to a rough substance, you also may retrieve from mem-
ory what you know about books generally and apply it to this case.)
Contrast now the functions of reidentifying. Reidentifying is required
not primarily for information storage, retrieval, and transfer, but for in-
formation acquisition and information use. Rather than knowing its rel-
evant properties in advance, as when one classifies something, one iden-
tifies a substance in order to come to know its properties. Identifying is
necessary in order to collect together over time knowledge of a thing's
properties, hence in order to know its properties on particular occa-
sions, since many of these properties are manifest on encounter only
some of the time. Identifying is also necessary in order to apply one's
knowledge of things. One applies one's knowledge by managing to rec-
ognize a substance on the basis of whatever properties do happen to be
currently manifest, and then applying one's prior knowledge of others of
its properties, properties not currently observed.
Notice first that these functions do not require the substance recog-
nized to have sharp boundaries. Grasp of substances very often affords
knowledge that is not invariant over the substance's entire extension. If
the edges of the substance are vague, the variance is more marked to-
ward these edges. Well-fashioned substance concepts, well-fashioned
abilities to exploit substances as objects of knowledge, will include the
ability to recognize a difference between more central and less central
areas in the extent of the substance, and to portion out degrees of re-
liance on accumulated knowledge of the substance accordingly. When,
as is often the case, the boundaries of substances really are vague, obvi-
ously there is nothing, other than taking this into account, that the or-
ganism can do about it. Artificially imposing precision will not help.
By contrast, ideal general classification systems, I have said, are more
efficient if precise relative to the entities actually in their domains.
Where substance boundaries are vague in nature, the purposes of clas-
sification are sometimes served by drawing artificial boundaries around
the extensions of these substances. For certain classificatory purposes,
for example, what counts as war and who counts as a member of
the working class or as a full-time student may be quite sharply but
artificially defined.
Notice, second, that substances are not generally organized into tree
or grid structures. This was argued in Section 2.6.
Notice, third, that unlike a task of classifying, the task of identifying
a substance doesn't require that any one particular set of the substance's
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How to Reduce iPhone Video Size?
iSight camera on iPhone is no doubt the most amazing camera on a phone. The 1080p HD video captured with your iPhone is with super video quality. However on the other side, it makes the iphone video size very big. In fact the huge video size makes it difficult to post, email and share with others. What's worse, you may also find that you are running out of space on iPhone very quickly with the videos taken.
To reduce video size for the recorded videos on your iPhone is easy. In this article, we will show you the easiest way to compress iPhone videos right on your phone.
3 Easy Steps to Reduce iPhone Video Size Instantly
Before we go to reduce video size, you will need to download the iPhone Video Slimmer from App Store on to your iPhone if not yet.
- 1. Tap to run Video Slimmer app on iPhone
- 2. Tap the + button from the top right corner to add videos from Camera Roll to the converter
- 3. Tap Slim Now button at the bottom to reduce your video size on your iPhone.
- 1. The Video Slimmer is compatible with iPhone, iPad and iPod touch and free for download from App Store.
- 2. You can manually choose a different video quality from the settings panel. See How to Change Output Video Profile and Settings? By reducing video bitrate, you will lose some video quality. However it's usually good enough for viewing movies on the go with your iOS device.
- 3. You can manually choose output video height and width from the above video settings panel as well. You do not need the full 1920 pixels in width and 1080 pixels in height video, because iPhone 4 and 4S have the 960 × 640 px display, it is 1,136 × 640 px for new iPhone 5. To shrink iPhone video resolution, you can reduce iPhone video size greatly. See How to Trim iPhone video size?
- 4. The iPhone video compression is very fast. After conversion, you can copy the output video to your Photo Library and share via Email, iMessage, SMS, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc.
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