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Just because it's a sunset photo doesn't mean it should be at the end of the post. We are nowhere near close to getting tired of the amazing colors that each Oklahoma evening brings.
The sunset also means cooling temperatures. It's been hot. Especially so mid-afternoon, inside the van. Each time we ask when the ridiculously hot days will cede the locals tell us that we should be happy with the Cold Front we were experiencing. So, to put everything in perspective, we took to soaking our heads with the hose and chanting "98 is Great!". We've also been practicing the art of the afternoon siesta and are gaining a great appreciation for the craft.
The latest cold snap has the critters stirring.
Darlene had the job of coaxing this furry beast out of the ladies restroom one morn.
Speaking of morning, we've heard that eagles arrive at the lake in the early morning to feed.
So, we got up early one morning to look for eagles and we saw a bunch of vultures! No, we're not saying that the locals don't know their eagles from their vultures just that we didn't see any eagles.
A cove near our tent site camping and a view of the dam (white line in middle).
On a side note… it has recently been reported to us that the best way to catch a mega catfish is to soak a wiener (ahem, hotdog) in WD40 and use it as bait. Despite our definite curiosity as to the validity of this report, we do not endorse this activity due to the obvious environmental impact on your local waters and wildlife. None the less, it does get one thinking. Just what wheels have to start turning for someone to arrive at the point where they say, "Hey, how about we try to soak some wieners in WD40 and fish with 'em!"?
Moving on…
It is interesting to watch all of the new plants that pop up on the beach.
One day we'll figure out what these cute little things are called. For now, we've nicknamed them jack-o-lanterns although their texture is more like paper lanterns.
These were not on the beach but their bright, pretty color stands out amongst the grasses along the sides of the road.
These Kamikaze Grasshoppers are everywhere lately. They truly have no idea where they are going when they take off and their flight seems to always end in some sort of crash landing. We've been hit in the face, the back of the head and other random locations. The one in the photo above landed with a thud inside the cart as we were tooling down the road at 20 miles per hour and was content to take a break and ride for a bit. Eventually, he saw something he liked better and jumped with abandon, out of our moving vehicle.
Seriously, these things are BIG and based on the way they get chewed by the critters each develops its own character.
Darlene named this one, Kenny. He was dead when we found him!
Bleep. Bleep. Bleep. We interrupt this blog post for a special news report.
To clarify, your entire park is… CLOSING!
Watching this happen first hand was disheartening, to say the least. On a personal note, we thoroughly enjoyed our three weeks with the National Park Service and look forward to working with them again at some point in the future.
Calming photo interlude…
We now return you to your regularly scheduled blog post…
We had one last afternoon at our 'get away' spot before having to leave the park. It was perfect. A cool breeze was blowing, the Loop A resident Great Egret was fishing near shore, big hairy acorns lined the road, monarch butterflies were migrating through and the water really was sparkling like that!
There is a sadness in our hearts leaving the Chickasaw area the way that we are. We are very excited though to once again be blowing along down the road. Only time will tell Where the Wind goes…


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The everyday blog of Richard Bartle.
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12:41pm on Wednesday, 20th February, 2008:
I had a meeting with a student yesterday at 1pm. He didn't show up, claiming he'd overslept.
I believe him. He rarely shows up at lectures, so doesn't get the same opportunity to nod off as everyone else.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Schedule Appointment: 501-227-5240
Dr. Joseph Murphy
9601 Baptist Health Drive; Exit 7
11th Floor
Little Rock, AR 72205
Appointments: 501.227.5240
Fax: 501.227-4735
Radiology Consultants maintains an Outpatient Imaging Center on the 11th floor of the Medical Towers #1 Building on the Baptist Health Little Rock campus. This is a convenient imaging center outside of Baptist Hospital.
All of our physician partners are Radiologists board-certified by the American Board of Radiology (ACR). Each is a highly trained physician who has completed a minimum of four years of radiology training after earning a four year medical degree.
The Radiology Consultants' staff and Radiologic Physicians provide area physicians with a high level of expertise and technology in helping detect injury and disease in their patients. We strive to maintain a reputation of quality and excellence in providing superb diagnostic imaging, thoughtful patient care, and radiological interpretations that are second to none. Rest assured that when you come to Radiology Consultants for your procedure, you are in the good hands.
Body Fat Composition is the ratio of lean body mass to fat body mass. One of the most accurate ways to measure your Body Fat Composition is with the DEXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry). It measures body fat percentage as well as lean muscle mass.
Computed Tomography, more commonly known as a CT or CAT scan, is a diagnostic medical test that produces multiple cross-sectional images of the inside of the body. These images can be reformatted in multiple planes, and can even generate three-dimensional images for viewing on a computer monitor or transferred to a CD or DVD.
CT Angiography is a minimally invasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT angiography uses a CT scanner to produce detailed images of both blood vessels and tissues in various parts of the body.
A bone density test uses X-rays to measure how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into a segment of bone. A DEXA scan usually takes around five minutes, although it depends what part of the body is being scanned. You'll be able to go home after you've had it done.
An Esophagram evaluates the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that goes from the throat to the stomach. This will help your doctor identify possible problems and the best treatment.
Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography, also called an upper GI, is an x-ray examination of the esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine (also known as the duodenum). Images are produced using a special form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and an orally ingested contrast material such as barium.
FLUOROSCOPY – Digital
Fluoroscopy allows imaging of anatomical structures in real-time and allows the interpreting physician to observe structure and limited function.
- Lower GI Series
- Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
Hysterosalpingography is an x-ray examination of a woman's uterus and fallopian tubes that uses a special form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and a contrast material. An HSG is an outpatient procedure that usually takes less than 30 minutes to perform. It is usually done after the menstrual period has ended, but before ovulation, to prevent interference with an early pregnancy.
- Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder that uses iodinated contrast material injected into veins.
- Small Bowel Follow Through
As far as the patient is concerned, the small bowel follow-through is a very straightforward examination. It essentially consists of the patient ingesting at least two large cupfuls of a dilute liquid barium, a substance that enhances X-ray images. Following ingestion, one of Radiologic Physicians will use an X-ray machine to follow the passage of barium through the stomach and into the small bowel, also referred to as the small intestine. Our Physician will intermittently screen the patient's abdomen to assess the passage of barium and to take images to document any abnormal findings.
- Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Series
An upper gastrointestinal (GI) series (barium swallow), is a radiological test that is used to visualize the structures of the upper digestive system – the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
- Air Contrast Barium Enema
- Water Soluble Enema
- Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Routine Barium Enema
A barium enema is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The large intestine, including the rectum, is made visible on X-ray film by filling the colon with a liquid suspension called barium sulfate (barium). Barium highlights certain areas in the body to create a clearer picture.
A transvaginal transducer, also known as an endovaginal transducer or probe, uses a small electronic array as the scanhead and is inserted directly into the vagina for the scan. This is used as an alternative to an ultrasound examination done via an abdominal scanner. This technique produces a much sharper image, not only because of the scanhead's closer proximity to the uterus, but also because the transducer operates at a higher frequency and hence has a higher resolving power. Transvaginal examinationis are usually done for assessment of very early pregnancies.
A "condom" is slipped over the handheld transducer (or probe), which is then covered with lubricating gel and placed in the vagina. The probe rests up against the cervix and is being moved in several directions by the sonographer. The rest of the test proceeds the same way as transabdominal ultrasound.
- Gastronomy Tube (G)
HEALTHSCREEN ARKANSAS: Low Dose Computerized Tomography (CT) Lung Screening
Screening examinations are tests performed to find disease before symptoms begin. The goal of screening is to detect disease at its earliest and most treatable stage. In lung cancer screening, individuals who have a high risk of developing lung cancer but no signs or symptoms of the disease undergo low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scanning of the chest.
During hysterosonography one of our Radiologic Physicians will use a thin, flexible tube (catheter) to inject salt water (saline) into the hollow part of your uterus. Using an ultrasound probe, your doctor obtains images of the inside of your uterus and checks for any irregularities.
Interventional radiology (IR) is a medical specialty that performs minimally invasive treatments using radiologic imaging for procedure guidance. Interventional radiology treatments have become the primary method of care for a variety of conditions, offering less risk, less pain and less recovery time, compared to open surgery.
Our Interventional Radiology Clinic offers a variety of minor procedures, as well as clinical consultations and follow-up for many procedures performed in the hospital setting.
An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a minimally invasive procedure that can help relieve neck, arm, back, and leg pain caused by inflamed spinal nerves. ESI may be performed to relieve pain caused by spinal stenosis, spondylolysis, or disc herniation. Medicines are delivered to the spinal nerve through the epidural space, the area between the protective covering of the spinal cord and vertebrae. The effects of ESI tend to be temporary. Pain relief may last for several days or even years. The goal is to reduce pain so that you may resume normal activities and a physical therapy program.
Ultrasound is a safe and painless procedure that produces pictures of the inside of the body using sound waves. Ultrasound imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves the use of a small transducer (probe) and ultrasound gel placed directly on the skin.
- Abdomen Complete (Liver, Pancreas, Kidneys, Gallbladder, Aorta and Spleen)
- Abdomen Limited (Gallbladder, Liver and Pancreas)
- Aorta
- Fetal Age (Complete – Level 1)
- Fetal Age (Multiple Gestation)
- Fetal (Bio Physical) Profile
- Pelvis
- Renal Transplant
- Renal with Bladder
- Scrotum
- Thyroid
- Transvaginal Pelvis
- Venous Doppler of Lower Extremity
A venogram is an x-ray test that involves injecting x-ray contrast material (dye) into a vein to shows how blood flows through your veins. This allows a physician to determine the condition of your veins.
An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing a part of the body to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of the inside of the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging.
Digital radiography is a form of X-ray imaging, where digital X-ray sensors are used instead of traditional photographic film. With digital X-ray, the X-ray image captured has no pixel overlap and does not need to have special processing of the overlap areas. This allows our Radiologic Physician to view a clean, very high resolution image without concern of information being lost in the acquisition process. Advantages include time efficiency through bypassing chemical processing and the ability to digitally transfer and enhance images.
One of our Radiologic Physicians will read your "images," and then forward a report of the findings to your referring Physician along with follow-up recommendations. Your Physician should contact you with the results.
Radiology Consultants will file all insurance as a courtesy to you. Depending on the Contractual Agreement with your Insurance Company, you may owe a co-payment and/or deductible at the time of service.
* Please bring your Insurance Card with you *
Please visit our BILLING PAGE for specific information on Insurance, Self-Pay, Motor Vehicle Accident, Cash, Debit or Major Credit Card payment options.
Free Parking At Medical Towers #1 With A Stamped Ticket
Please notify the Radiologic Physician and/or Technologist if there is a possibility you are pregnant. Radiation is potentially harmful to a developing baby during pregnancy.


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2010 VFR1200F No accidents. Selling because I'm not riding it much these days.
K&N air filter
Guhl ECU re-flash
PCV and custom tuned map
Akrapovic slip on
Ohlins rear shock
Ohlins springs and shim stack
VeeeFour electronic cruise control
Denali Sound Bomb air horn
OEM heated grips
PIAA Extreme White 4000K headlight bulbs
Gilles rear sets
Sargeant seat
OEM hard bags and liners OEM hugger
OEM wind deflectors
OEM center stand
Front fender extender
Cox rad guard
New Pilot Road 4's
Fresh fluids all around Smoked windscreen "VFR1200" brake and clutch reservoir covers Shorty brake and clutch levers
2 keys
Best equipped VFR1200F in Canada. Babied, stored indoors, immaculate condition. Needs nothing.
Pics available here .... https://vancouver.craigslist.org/van...934954658.html


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Gabriela Sonnleitner
magdas' ambassador
Gabriela embodies social business. And she is happy to pass on information to those who want to learn more about it. Gabriela heads all marketing and communications activities as well as all partner relations at magdas. With experience in both, the social sector as well as business (Vienna Tourist Board, Caritas, Ketchum Publico, etc.), she has now found a new challenge in the field of social business. Together with Michael Kleinbichler, she forms the executive branch of magdas.


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Episode 8 – Gettin' to Know Libertarians
Biggun and Mojo discuss how they be durrin', an Olympic Update and get to know special guest Jeremy, a proud Libertarian.
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Ask the AD - Derek Maki, Dundalk High School
Today we're featuring Derek Maki from Dundalk High School in Baltimore County! Derek spoke with us about a variety of topics, including the impact a new stadium has had on Dundalk's athletic program!
County Sports Zone:How did you become athletic director at Dundalk? How did your appointment come about?
Derek Maki:It was being in the right place at the right time. I was the athletic director at Kenwood for 13 years and was moved to a teaching position at Dundalk in the summer of 2014.
Shortly thereafter the athletic director position at Dundalk became open and I was offered it by then principal Tom Shouldice. I gladly accepted the appointment since my goal all along was to remain in athletic administration. From the first day on the job until now I am able to say I am proud to be an Owl.
CSZ:How has the job of athletic director changed since you started? How has it stayed the same?
DM:The job has changed with the growth in technology in our society and you have to keep up with current trends. Also, when I first started athletic directors had to teach two or more classes per day. Now most schools give their athletic directors a reduced load or a non teaching schedule. It has become a year round, almost 24/7 type of position.
It has stayed same in the way that as an athletic director, one must be able to multi task and be a one man or one woman operation. Just like when I started in the position, most of my colleagues don't really know what the job entails and the hours put in. Every day brings new challenges and adventures and always has, but that is what makes the job so appealing to me.
CSZ:What do you enjoy most about your job?
DM:I like to be able to walk out on the fields and see four games going at one time and the students having fun in the midst of competition knowing that all the behind the scenes work that I put in was worth it.
My job is to serve others. I like to see my coaches develop and encourage them to continue their professional development because it all comes back in their ability to help our students. The students benefit and that's why we are all in the business of education to begin with.
CSZ:What're a couple keys to running a successful athletics program?
DM:One must be organized, consistent, and be able to build positive relationships. Having a strong coaching staff and a supportive administration is very important. Dundalk has always had many of its faculty involved in coaching and that is essential. The administrations I have worked with all have had the same philosophy and they realized how much of an impact a strong athletic program has on the climate of a school.
CSZ:How would you rate this past year for Dundalk Athletics? Were there a couple highlights that stand out?
DM:I believe that Dundalk Athletics has been on the rise in recent years. We've earned the respect of other programs by having competitive teams who respect the game and display good sportsmanship.
Some of the highlights this year include our football team making the state playoffs, our boys basketball team playing the the regional final for the second year in a row, being able to field a JV girls soccer team for the first time in many years and seeing the continued development of our track programs.
CSZ:How do you view the athletic director's role within the community of a high school?
DM:I believe an athletic director needs to build positive relationships with the community. I attend booster club meetings , alumni meetings and volunteer at our school booth at the Dundalk Heritage fair. It's important to get the pulse of the community and I encourage our coaching staff to do the same.
It's important to recognize the past history of Dundalk and it's athletes as well. We revived the athletics Hall of Fame a few years back and it has been a successful way of recognizing community members. We also like to interact with our local businesses and always emphasize the many positive things that go on at Dundalk High School.
CSZ:A few years back Dundalk had a brand new stadium get built. How has that addition improved Dundalk Athletics?
DM:The stadium has helped raise the visibility of not only our athletic program, but the school in general. The students like the opportunity to play "under the lights." It has really help develop a sense of community pride. The football team has sold out the stadium a number of times in the three years I have been there.
With the installation of a turf field last year, it is one of the best facilities in the county. We have hosted state track meets and all our soccer and lacrosse games are played there, giving the community an opportunity to support their neighborhood school.
CSZ:Is there anything exciting or new from the Dundalk Athletics department that we should be on the look out for?
DM:Well, we want our student-athletes to continue to be good citizens on and off the field and will be rolling out a new character building program this fall. I'm excited about it.
I'm also proud of the fact that we have 12 current coaches and five former coaches who are nationally certified by the NFHS, more than any other Baltimore County school. We will continue that trend, having more coaches getting certified this year. I'm excited to have some great new coaches who will add their experience to our staff in the coming school year.
|July 14th, 2017
|By: Wick Eisenberg


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so now that the plugin can bind to localhost.. say if i bind it to localhost:81 .. how can i call it via asp.. it shouldn't be difficult, no? .. my asp programmer just vanished so i'm left with no ASP knowledge at all, thinking that he was going to be able to do this.

i can do it with perl, but i'm not about to put perl on this server and start installing modules and libraries.

[email protected]


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DetailsSpecifically designed for heavy duty usage, the Culligan HF-150 whole house water filtration system is a genuine OE part from the manufacturer. Installs quickly and easily, and begins going to work reducing the amount of sediment in your drinking water immediately. Package comes complete with housing and operation/installation instructions. Order the Culligan HF-150, an affordably priced whole house water filtration system from Culligan, online today.
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- Installation Guide for CULLIGAN-HF-150
The CULLIGAN-HF-150 is comparable with the following part numbers
Culligan HF-150
Replacement for the Following UPC
10033663005362 033663005365
Package Qty 1 Video Code (Installation Tab) N/A Text for video (Installation Tab) N/A Installation Tab Text1 N/A Installation Tab Img1 (Url) N/A Installation Tab Text2 N/A Installation Tab Img2 (Url) N/A Specs Tab Text N/A Primary Contaminants N/A Features Tab Text N/A Videos and Articles Tab - Related articles (Html) N/A Used In Brands Culligan Manufacturer's Id HF-150 MSDS Document N/A UPC 033663005365 Advertised Size (in) 10 x 2-1/2 Actual Size (in) 12 inches (length) x 5 1/4 inches (outside diameter) Actual Size (cm) 30.48 x 13.335 System Sizing N/A Primary Filter Media N/A Operating Pressure (psi) 30 - 125 Operating Temperature (°F) 40 - 100 Operating Temperature (°C) 4.4 - 37.8 Fitting Size (inches) 3/4 inch Reduction Class N/A Warranty Guarantee 5 year limited warranty Includes Housing, Installation and operating instructions Primary Filter Media N/A


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BRIGHT STANDS™ stands for ?
A custom solution for your show room, point of sales screens,
Imagine a high end bespoke Video Point of Sale unit uniquely portable and interactive.
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Catalyst Audio | Audio-documentary | Released Mar. 29, 2019
The Colorado moose population is on the rise – and people are noticing. Recent sightings include moose in Manitou Springs and on Pikes Peak, as well as at popular Colorado ski slopes. The population increase is impacting hunters, drivers, outdoor enthusiasts, and elements of the state's ecology.
In this week's audio release, producer Sam Sanson digs into the details of why you are now more likely than ever to spot a moose in Colorado.
Lead photo courtesy of Colorado Parks and Wildlife


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Tag Archives: Chicago
Lollapalooza Music Festival, Chicago
Today's post is a little different from my usual blogs, since it's not directly about travel. Not unless you count going to Chicago to attend a rock music festival travel! Lollapalooza began as an annual touring festival back in 1991, … Continue reading
Sam's Ses Challenge #12: Rise
Welcome to this week's Sam's Ses Challenge. Every weekend, Sam and I pick a word or phrase as the theme for the week. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to post something Ses-related that you think fits … Continue reading
Vertigo Above Chicago: The Willis Tower Ledge
Completed in 1974, the 108-storey Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) remained the tallest building in the World until 2010, when it was succeeded by Dubai's Burj Khalifa. The normal views from the Skydeck observation platform on the 103rd floor of … Continue reading
Chicago Skyscrapers
I've been to Chicago twice, and it remains one of my top North American cities. There's so much to see and do there: Navy Pier, Lincoln Park Zoo, go see the Cubs or the White Sox, the Field Museum, the … Continue reading
Silver, Family, Waiting
Combining the photo challenges from Where's My Backpack?, the Daily Post and A Word In Your Ear has proved particularly challenging this week. Their respective themes are Silver, Family and Waiting. After a bit of thought I came up with … Continue reading
I've spent a lot of time around humans over the last few years, but it was only while scanning through some of my old blogs that it sunk in how many of you are obsessed with scale. Higher, taller, deeper, … Continue reading
Caching in Kansas – Southwest USA (2012) Day 1
Phyllis and I in Kansas! So we're off on our Journeys again. Yesterday's main goal was to check a couple of states off the list (states #43 & #45 for me). And along the way we aimed to find a … Continue reading


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Top 10 of 2010 – part 2
The incredibly exciting second part of this year's musical good stuff!
Synthpop love songs written by a bunch of nerds who just want to cuddle and gently love you for the rest of their lives.
The second best thing in One Life Stand is that Hot Chip have finally crafted an album. Not a random collection of songs that were thrown on the wall and then picked regardless of whether they stuck to it or not, but a cohesive entity with a sonic theme, musical flow and most importantly no filler fluff. On One Life Stand you have a matured version of Hot Chip that know how to turn sentimental feelings into heartfelt music, but the thing is that side had always been there – you just forgot about it when a track after track of sonic fiddling was clustered among the heart-in-sleeve pieces of prettiness found before. But on One Life Stand they've finally passed that obstacle.
The best thing naturally is the song selection. Whether they're up to their usual tricks of working with brilliantly crafted pop songs and pseudo-dance anthems or trying something different such as presenting their version of autotune-pop or delivering a mushy, knowingly corny ballad (appropriately titled "Slush"), Hot Chip deliver time and time again. The production is lush, the melodies strong and the vocal interplay between the two completely different and wholly unique voices is working better than ever. One Life Stand is an album that has clearly been delicately crafted, and for all the better of it. The wry humour is still there but this time lets the wistful beauty take the center stage. The result is easily Hot Chip's greatest to date.
Put it this way: the past three albums had Hot Chip acting like unruly computer class kids who had found synthesizers and were hosting a secret party in the class room after dark. Fast forward several years, like in the cheesy before-credits epilogues of a-many teen flicks about growing up, and you have those same five kids now as grown men who created unbreakable bonds during those silly private parties and now go out to enjoy that friendship, knowing that no matter how much the new-found complexities in lovelife might complicate their lives, they've always got eachother to hang around and party with. One Life Stand is a grown record, full of timelessly hopeful moments to cherish and sing along to whether when reflecting upon your life during a quiet moment or gathering up a feel-good vibe before going out with friends. And it's got heart.
One Life Stand
Hey look, it's not only another Finnish album I've neglected to mention here before but also yet another melodic pop album. This year certainly has a running theme! And much like #9's Magenta Skycode, Ultramariini are a band with a history and who returned from a long hiatus in 2010 with a lush, melody-rich album.
Ydin is captivating. Almost hypnotic in its grasp. It's the album I've owned for the least amount of time out of all the ones on this list, but it's been captivating me endlessly throughout that time, with not a day passing without a listen. It has no super-special secret weapon behind that – all it does is offer a great selection of songs with marvellous production. It's music that allows the listener to sink into its verses and choruses, to float amidst all the dreaminess and tender happiness it offers. Many of its songs offer a great sense of feeling content: for 3-5 minutes, everything is perfectly fine in the world and there's nothing to do but enjoy that moment. Repeat this for the duration of an entire album and you can start to see why Ydin deserves a place here.
For me music is all about the feeling it raises in me. Ydin is an album all about feeling. Its sound is evocative and the songs seem to be downright designed to act as a channel for whatever you get out of them. Ydin is a 40-something minute trip of absolutely gorgeous melodies covered in a thick morning sunshine atmosphere, ready to welcome the listener in its embrace and invite them to stay there for a while. And it's a good place to rest in.
For the first time, Arcade Fire do not sound like they're on a mission. They're not unleashing pent-up sadness and mourning through jubilant, life-affirming anthems nor are they preaching about the end of the world. And for the first time, they don't sound like they've got the largest sound in the world. Instead, The Suburbs presents an Arcade Fire that feels relaxed, free of worries and who aren't standing at the top of the world. And yet it still sounds just as important and grand as the band has always been. If anything, The Suburbs further cements Arcade Fire's status as one of the best and most important rock bands of the past decade. The band brush away the tricks they've been known for and ignore their messianic status that the debut Funeral gave them and which has burdened them ever since. And they're still amazing.
The Suburbs is a long sprawl of an album but one crafted with love. Sometimes it goes a bit amiss but never bothersomely so and the grandiose size actually works to the album's advantage. It's a long journey that passes through stadium anthems, noisy punk blasters, bittersweetly longing ballads, disco belters and subdued miniature-epics, all knit together perfectly and presented in a fashion that makes the album sound like an experience. A warm, inviting one – due to the band taking the sound from the stadiums back to the practice room, the sound has a new air to breathe. Look at that promo picture posted up top – they're actually smiling. And that relaxed feeling is evident everywhere on The Suburbs. Now don't get me wrong, I absolutely adore both Funeral and Neon Bible, but The Suburbs has a wholly new reinvigorated feel that sounds wonderful. The sound of band simply doing whatever they enjoy instead of worrying about all the pressure put on their backs.
It's not perfect, but there are moments to it where it feels like nothing else in the world matters but that one song.
Ready to Start
I believe in the power of the lyric. My main musical growth happened with bands whose lyrics were praised and who often put them in a noticeable role, which left an imprint on me. I don't demand great lyrics of my music, but music with great lyrics will always feel superior to my ears. One of music's most wonderful things is its power to resonate and evoke thoughts, and lyrics deliver a great deal of that power to me.
Folds has always been a great lyricist, but the words for Lonely Avenue were written by the novelist Nick Hornby. The two men seem to be inspired by the same muse – if the album didn't outright tell on its cover who wrote what, the character tales on Lonely Avenue would be extremely hard to distinguish from Folds' own output. But there's something new in the mix. Hornby's writer background approaches the same process through a different point of view, and all the unused creativity on Folds' part seems to have been all channeled into the music. The result is one of the year's best albums that musically blossoms with vitality and energy and which is backed with some of the year's best lyricism that approaches each story almost like a, well, story rather than a lyric.
But while Hornby is a brilliant lyricist, the main kudos for Lonely Avenue definitely belong to Folds himself. The man is on fire. From the ballads driven by Folds' trademark piano skills to the grooved-up pop masterpieces, Lonely Avenue is an album that constantly offers something completely different and often leaves you thinking just how brilliant that one particular passage, musical idea or tiny tidbit that just passed was. Even the under two-minute intro could be classed as one of the best, and most hilarious, pieces of music of the year because of its quick turns and twists and how well it flows.
Whether or not we have Hornby to thank for it, Lonely Avenue is Folds' best album yet.
From Above
There are two reasons High Violet is on the top of this list, and is far in the lead from anything else mentioned here.
For one, the obvious fact that it's a fantastic album. It's the boldest, most confident album from The National yet. It takes every single thing that made the past albums so fantastic and not only brings them together but improves upon them. From the undisputable charisma of Matt Berninger, his croon and his sadsack lyrics to the immense instrumental team, from the style to the sound to the songs themselves, High Violet is the crowning glory of The National. It's the album that's been waiting to burst out of them ever since they started. It is majestic. It is an album that only a band at the very top of their game can create.
But most importantly it's become an incredibly personal album for me. During 2010 ever since its release, there has not been a week where High Violet hasn't been around somehow. It started out as a merely great follow-up to the marvellous Boxer but as the weeks passed each song began to open its nuances and as they did, they began to soundtrack my days and, as horribly corny as it sounds, my feelings. Perhaps it only lucked out by appearing at the right time, but something in High Violet's sound clicked perfectly with what I was going through at the time and that left a lasting imprint. It's become one of those rare albums that only appear once in a blue moon which perfectly resonate with every single cell in one's body. One of those albums that once it's finished it makes the world seem like a different place for a moment – like your vision had just clarified for the first time in your life.
And that's why High Violet is the undisputed number one. Despite that it's only been around less than a year, it already feels like a friend (as much as a recording can be a friend) that's been with you for several years. One of the most special things I've heard. Seriously.
Bloodbuzz Ohio
And that's it!
(P.S. Fuck you VEVO and your WAH WAH YOU CANT WATCH OUR THINGS EMBEDDED WAH)


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Virtuoso Legal Successfully Defend Leading Scientists in Breach of Confidence Case Brought by Invista Textiles (UK) Limited
Virtuoso Legal successfully defend VideraBio Limited and Drs Botes, Chokkathukalam and Chen in High Court breach of confidence claims brought by industry giant, Invista Textiles (UK) Limited.
The Background
The Claimants in this case, "Invista" is part of the Koch Industries group based in Wichita, Kansas, USA,. Invista is one of the world's largest producers of nylon and the chemical intermediates used to produce nylon. Invista were represented by "trial lawyers" Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP, including their Managing Partner, Sue Prevezer QC.
The Virtuoso Legal litigation team, led by directors Elizabeth Ward (a former biotech scientist and founder of the IP specialist firm) and Philip Partington (head of IP Protect and the London Office of Virtuoso Legal), acted for the Defendants.
The Defendants are three former employees of Invista (Drs Botes, Chokkathukalam and Chen) and a biotech start-up "VideraBio". The former Invista employees are all leading biotechnology scientists. Until her departure, Dr Botes was the R&D director of Invista's "Sustainability Group" where she led research into production of bio-based nylon intermediates via fermentation as an alternative to current petrochemical-based production.
The Case
In February 2017, Invista issued a High Court claim and interim injunction against the trio of Defendants and VideraBio. The injunction alleged breach of confidence and various contractual breaches, as we as inducement of a 3rd party to breach its contract with Invista.
In short, Invista's claims related to the scientists' departure from Invista's employment and setting up of a biotech company, VideraBio.
The Judgment
Following the heavily contested and expensive proceedings (it is estimated that Invista has incurred well in excess of £1 million in legal costs) and after a lengthy trial spanning 3 weeks in October 2018, Mr. Justice Birrs handed down his judgment on 21 January 2019
A copy of the judgment can be read here.
The crucial aspects of the judgment include:
- Invista's "claim for breach of confidence is dismissed altogether";
- "The defendants did not misuse any confidential information which Invista had any right to protect after their employments ended";
- Invista's three-month post-employment non-competition clause, which is understood to be included in thousands of its employee's contracts, failed because Mr Justice Birss considered the clause to be "an unreasonable restraint of trade";
- Many of the documents claimed to be Invista's "Company Property" during the proceedings were not so and "That aspect of the case is dismissed". Of the handful of documents of around 36,000 in dispute, that were judged by Mr Justice Birss to be Invista's Company Property and not deleted by the Drs Botes and Chen before their termination of employment with Invista, Mr Justice Birss stated that their retention was a "breach of contract". However, there had been no misuse at all in relation to those documents and the Defendants had already agreed to deliver up and delete the same long ago.
- While Mr Justice Birss ruled that Dr Chokkathukalam had retained (post-employment with Invista) certain documents, which were Invista Company Property, he did this "pending resolution" of an employment dispute with Invista and was therefore "was not a breach of his contract". Indeed, that employment claim had resulted in a substantial sum of money being paid by Invista to Dr Chokkathukalam in relation to a claim for constructive dismissal and discrimination.
- Invista's claim that the Defendants had sought to induce its supplier, SilicoLife, to breach their contract with Invista was "dismissed".
- Mr Justice Birss did find that Dr Botes had breached her "non-solicitation" clause in relation to her communications with Drs Chokkathukalam and Chen, her colleagues and friends, while they were still employed by Invista, and that all three individual defendants were found to have breached their "duty of fidelity" to Invista in that respect.
- Finally, Mr Justice Birss ordered that there would be "no inquiries as to damages".
Following on from Mr Justice Birss' judgment, the parties are expected to attend court in the coming weeks in order to argue their proposed final form of order including legal costs.
We will keep you all updated as to the result and will also be writing in our forthcoming blogs as to the consequences of this decision for all businesses.
For more information about this judgment, please contact Elizabeth Ward or Philip Partington via email, or call:
02074 128 372


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LP (12"/10" Album)
Label: ACCELERATOR
Release date: 23/08/2019
Barcode: 2090504830607
Catalog no.: ACR0000005
Item ID: 483060
This album was recorded in Karla-Therese and Christian Kjellvander's former home - an old church in the Swedish countryside where they've built a studio and done a lot of recordings during the years. The ambition was to keep the songs as clean and de-cluttered as possible, keeping focus on the vocals. The goal was to create beauty and warmth with a little touch of something mystic. Besides Karla-Therese Kjellvander and Mikael Peterson who both sing and play guitar and piano the album includes guest appearances from Christian Kjellvander and Ruben Engzell. The lyrics are Mikael Petersson's, and while he is a believer, Karla-Therese is not. Not at all, actually, which could have led to some conflicts, but it didn't. And in the tradition of folk music there is often lyrics with christian themes, so Karla-Therese wasn't unfamiliar with that. Here Be Wolves' debut album is pressed on 180 gram black vinyl and is limited to only 204 copies.
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Energy, no matter the kind, is enhancing. What we direct loving energy toward will grow stronger in our lives. What we express hateful energy toward will continue to exist in our lives. What we ignore will disappear. We make the choice. ♥
Tag: Choice
Self Leadership Reminder
The only thing you can control in your life…the ONLY. ONE. SINGLE. thing you can control in your life is what you


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Niles is a village with a total of 5.9 square miles located in Maine and Niles Townships, Cook County, Illinois.
A notable landmark and point of pride among Niles' residents is the Leaning Tower of Niles, a smaller-scale replica of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It is located next to the local YMCA (which is appropriately called the "Leaning Tower YMCA"). Several concerts covering a variety of musical forms are held here throughout the summer.


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11 Growing Up In Inverness Realities
Inverness, Ness, Invershnekie, The Shneck. Butter with one 'T' and bumpers with plenty of rubber. Those who live in Inverness are said to be the happiest in Scotland however Dundee came third which leaves me wondering who did the research.
Many of the locals are very patriotic about their home town and it isn't entirely difficult to see why. All jokes aside, Inverness is a very picturesque and tourist friendly city. However the tourists know nothing about the realities that faced the '90's kid' growing up in Inverness. If you are looking for a flashback on some of the best years of your life then 'here's it.'
School Closures
This affected Primary School way more than Secondary. In Secondary School in Inverness, it didn't matter if you had 7 strains of the cold and a broken leg, you were still expected to show up and pass Maths. As I no longer live in Inverness (I escaped, jkz lol), I often hear about the Primary School closures in Inverness and it cracks me up.
Why did everything go to sh*t every time there was a sprinkling of snow? To be fair, it was a pretty great time to be alive when that TV got wheeled in to the room and we got to watch Harry Potter on VHS for the 8th time that month. The school would arrange for 'the parents' to be called in to collect you. God help your mother if she didn't answer what was probably the most important phone call of her life. I still haven't forgotten sitting there playing with bean bags on my own because someone never heard the house phone.
Straight Outta Charleston
The school divide in Inverness was real.
This started in Primary School, I cannot speak for all Primary Schools but I know that Kinmylies Primary and Muirtown Primary Schools disliked each other, mainly because Muirtown consistently pumped Kinmylies at the football. This wasn't even slightly awkward when we all got bundled into the SAME secondary school together.
I attended Charleston Academy and the fear of walking home from school without getting gunned down by an enemy from the High School was real. OK, maybe it wasn't quite at that extent. However there was a real running hatred between Charleston Academy and The High School, this could be put down to pure jealousy or due to the fact that Charleston was the better of two evils. Not biased, promise – Mr Cripps (History, anyone remember him?) – He taught me what the word biased meant in 1st year and now it arises in most arguments.
Millburn Academy was the posher of the schools, it sits in a nicer side of town and has less of a rough diamond catchment area. Millburn Academy took nothing to do with Charleston and The High School and outside sources tell me that they never really had any issues with Inverness Royal Academy. This was obviously a more mature area of town.
Did you attend any of these schools? Let us know!
Year of the Flood
Every time I have been back to 'Ness' in the last few years, there has been zero access to the Johnny Foxes road. This is because they have taken a leaf out of Trumps book and built a wall right round the river. It doesn't look too bad and I totally get the point but where is the fun in that? It was way more exciting when the river was at 'breaking point' and everyone used to natter on about how it was away to burst at any second.
When I was 12, I just assumed that most people lived on higher ground anyway. Whin Park might have flooded 'a little' but don't they have peddle boats anyway? Cheers to the Highland Council for ruining the only controversy I understood when I was a kid!
The Aquadome
It was worth standing in the epically long queue for a blow up doughnut and walking up the 8 flights of stairs just to spend some life on the flumes. The Aquadome is the best and only swimming pool in Inverness worth writing about.
Ironically, I nearly drowned there when I was like 7. I thought I could tackle that wave machine and I paid no attention to the 'no non swimmers past this point' sign. They had to throw a lifeguard ring out to me and evacuate everyone from the pool. What a joke of a child, mum was raging. It never stopped me though, I got straight back up on that horse. In fact, the next time I visit my home land, I am getting my bottom in to that outdoor pool. The Aquadome was one of the best parts of growing up in Inverness. We never had iPads and we were happy, dammit.
Downtown U.S.A
Excuse me while I just wipe away a tear in commemoration of what was everybody at Charleston Academys 16th birthday destination. Many a good night was spent in the depths of Downtown U.S.A. Alas, not only did I visit here on birthday celebrations though.
There were many phases of growing up in Inverness that I went through. One of these was to wear the skinniest jeans imaginable and buy the whole range of 'starry hoodies' from H&M in the Eastgate Centre. Yep, I was a 'scene kid' for about a year. Or so I thought I was… Downtown U.S.A was where I indulged in 'choons' by Enter Shikari and The Gallows. It was when I crushed on guys who had more eye liner on than me. Adele knows nothing about an eye liner flick, these guys did. Downtown U.S.A is now a karate centre and I am no longer a 'scene kid.' R.I.P MySpace.
What does Johnnys' Fox say?
This is taking me from teen to boozy teen, it would only be fair to kick in to the boozier side of Inverness with the best and only beer garden that isn't an actual garden in Inverness. Growing up in Inverness, there were two ways to appreciate good weather. One of which was at Dores Inn but this left the problem of assigning a designated driver.
The other was to take to the 5 benches outside Johnny Foxes and end up sitting on the stairs in line for a decent seat. Johnny Foxes in the Summer usually consisted of Inverness' finest uploading photos to Facebook of the inevitable pint.
Love2Love/Studio 25
If the throwbacks aren't already whacking you in the face then this one will. Love2Love is where I spent some of the best nights of my pre-20s life. I still have the Love2Love membership card in my purse that I signed up to when I was 16 (the bouncers weren't the best at seeing past extensions and 3 layers of foundation)… and I am keeping it in the hope that one day, 'G's' or 'Digital' or whatever the hell its non Love2Love name is will reopen.
Walking up those beautiful stairs and ordering my first blue VK of the night and getting ridiculously shipwrecked whilst belting out Taio Cruz or Akon at the top of my lungs is what makes for a decent memory. I was one of the lucky ones, I got to experience Love2Love when it was in its prime. The kids today know nothing.
Caley Thistle VIPs
I don't think I will ever forget Dougie Imrie and Ian Black sauntering up the stairs to the VIP section in Love2Love like they owned the place. It makes me cringe on a whole new level as they were our local celebrities. We were the VIPS, not you Dougie, Dougie Imrie.
I'm in Miami Bitch
Trying to explain to my other half who is Aberdeen born and bred that people in Inverness used to go to Miami for a night out caused more confusion than is necessary. Only Inverness would have a nightclub called Miami on the High Street. The problem I have is that I have been to Miami (the real one) and it is incredible in so many ways. Unfortunately the nightclub has absolutely nothing in common and just sat in the middle of the High Street where some of the epic dregs of society still hang out today.
Rumour tells me that Inverness is getting a Club Tropicana and a Vogue. If they do it any justice with the décor and sticky floors then Inverness is in for a good time. Maybe there is still hope for the millennials.
Private Thighs, sorry, Eyes
After all the struggles that Inverness had with dropping the curfew plus the fact that they aren't allowed an Ann Summers, it was a shock that Private Eyes opened in Inverness. I have never been to the place, I swear that wasn't me that you seen on that pole.
Although when I lived there, I was put off by the fact that it sat between a D.E Shoes and a Farmfoods. Not sure if that still is the case. Maybe if Private Eyes was placed between somewhere more upmarket like Waitrose and Kurt Geiger Shoes, I would have more respect for the place. Here is a photo below that I have got from an outside source of one of the dancers though.
The 2.50am Max's Run
This was about the only part of the night out that made me happy about leaving Love2Love. Max's chips and cheese were that of angels. I have to give thanks to any friends that piled me out of the door at 2.50am to ensure we made Max's before it shut.
I think there were was another chippy down the back of the previous Cactus Jacks but that was not only further away but that street resembled the Wild West at 3 in the morning.
Harry Gows
In Aberdeen, we have Greggs. Greggs sucks. I will eat Greggs but I will not be happy about it. Every time I come up to Inverness, I eat so many tattie pies and marzipan apples. Growing up in Inverness, Harry Gows was the absolute highlight of my dad going out to the bookies on a Saturday morning. Why don't they open on a Sunday? He always came home with a number of Harry Gows options.
There is something special about that Harry Gow smell and the hangovers that it didn't help but it still fed over the years. Why is Harry Gows not a UK wide venture?
Oh well, there's it! I hope you all enjoyed my post about growing up in Inverness. Leave us a cheeky comment if you found it sound. Inverness, my bumpers will forever be rubber and my crack will always be nae badger. If you want more Invernesian chat, checkout 37 Inverness Points of Interest.


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Podcast 061: Holistic Herbalism for Chronic Headaches & Migraines
This week Ryn & Katja share some thoughts on how to address chronic headaches – not just "getting rid of it" in the acute moment, but reducing the frequency & severity of your headaches across the board. This will require some changes to your habits around food, sleep, movement, and stress – but herbs are there to help you every step of the way. Listen in to learn more!
Our weekly listener question this time is about blood-thinning herbs: how much is too much?
Herbs discussed include willow, meadowsweet, jamaican dogwood, feverfew, ginger, chamomile, wild lettuce, ashwagandha, ground ivy, ghost pipe, betony, black cohosh, calamus, linden.
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Losing Books is Why I'm Choosing Scribd
February 6, 2018
I love reading. One of my favorite things to do, is read several books on a subject, all at once, and take notes on their overlap and relativity. My goal with my reading like this, is something I picked up by going to college. You'd go to class, and be


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MANCHESTER, N.H. (11/10/15)--Rep. Frank Guinta (R-N.H.) will host New Hampshire credit unions and National Credit Union Administration Chair Debbie Matz Nov. 20 for a roundtable discussion on credit union issues.
The event will be held at America's Credit Union Museum.
According to the Cooperative Credit Union Association, at the top of Guinta's list for discussion is regulatory burdens faced by credit unions. Actions taken by the NCUA, as well as Guinta's concerns about the steadily shrinking number of credit unions, particularly in small towns and rural areas, will also be discussed (Daily CU Scan Nov. 9).
Guinta has brought up regulatory relief a number of times in recent months. He joined New Hampshire legislators in calling for a safe harbor period for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's Truth in Lending Act-Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act integrated disclosures rule.
In an April hearing with Larry Fazio, director of the NCUA's Office of Examination and Insurance, Guinta said the topic of regulatory burden is often brought up by constituents.
"I'm actually a little discouraged, and I remain discouraged, with some of the things I've been hearing relative to the regulatory burdens," he told Fazio (News Now April 24). "This is the single issue that I hear about from institutions in New Hampshire, more than any other issue."


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Charlotte, NC Movers
Moving to Charlotte, NC with All My Sons Moving & Storage
Moving to Charlotte, North Carolina means several things: mild winters, scenic variety, die-hard sports fans, and lots of worries, questions, and stress that come with relocating your life. Before you catch the next Carolina, Panthers game or mingle with your new Charlotte neighbors, there's the packing, loading, and back-breaking furniture-moving to take care of. It's enough for you to seek divine intervention!
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Linguistics and the Bible
Linguistics and the Bible:
A Layperson's Guide to Interpretation
The Bible has deep importance for all Christians in their spiritual lives. Yet their awareness of the text is limited and mediated by translation and interpretation. As we examine any text, we must recognize certain key linguistic features. For every form of writing is rooted in speech, and thus, is an approximation of the utterances that come forth from the mouth. Writing mimics speech and not the other way around. In realizing this phenomenon, one can quickly conclude that biblical scholars should incorporate some linguistic ideals or theories into their work. It seems in practice, however, that many Christian laypeople lack key knowledge of concepts from the study of linguistics.
In this article, I intend to open up the field of linguistic analysis to the lay person in order to provide another way of thinking about the Bible and the idea of biblical interpretation. Three main concepts will be covered: semantics, specifically lexical (meaning of words semantics), the significance assigned to a text or portion of the Bible, and finally, recognition of the role of discourse as a whole in determining meaning.
First, we must look at the difference between connotation and denotation. Connotation deals strongly with metaphorical text; this feature of words reflects how the words are used and what they mean in a social context. Denotation marks the dictionary meaning of a word. Quite often, simply looking up a word in a dictionary does not do justice to fully understanding the context of a word or the way it is used in the Bible because connotation has shifted the meaning of a word.
A modern day account of the struggle between connotation and denotation occurred in the proceedings of the English Standard Version Bible's Translation committee. They worked to translate the words 'ebed' (from Hebrew) and 'doulous' (from Greek) into modern day meanings. Both denote the English translation 'slave,' but they do not directly correspond with slavery in the way we see it today. "These terms, however, actually cover a wide range of relationships . . . either 'slave,' 'bondservant,' or 'servant.'" At the time that the Bible was written, no concept of the nineteenth century "dehumanizing" institution of slavery in the American South existed, and thus, the modern day connotation does not correspond directly with the connotation of the word in the day of the Bible. In the new ESV translation of the Bible, 'slave' is only being utilized when absolute ownership of a person is inferred. Most other cases where freedom of choice is indicated, 'bondservant' (1 Cor 7:21-24) and 'servant' (John 4:51) are to be used instead.1 This distinction is important because the term 'bondservant' is intended to convey the type of indentured servitude that was more prominent in ancient times. When the Bible supposedly endorses 'slavery,' it is not promoting the chattel slavery characteristic in antebellum America, but permitting the indentured servitude that was common at the time.
All words contain morphemes (smallest unit of meaning), which help the reader better determine the meanings that are contained through the various parts; however, unless a word is transparent (a word equivalent to the sum of all the morphemes), this phenomenon can be misleading. Lexical meaning indicates a word is not just the sum of the different morphemes (e.g inter- or dog), which make up the word. There are two types of meaning relative to a lexeme (word): opaque and transparent. A transparent word really is the sum of the meaning of its constituent morphemes; however, the more opaque a word or idiomatic a phrase, the sum of its parts don't necessarily translate to direct summation (e.g. underdog would be a word that means a dog that is under something; although metaphorically understandable, opacity refers to literal semantics of the lexeme).
Idioms are particularly important to translate correctly to understand the meaning, but are often opaque to modern readers. For example, the story of Ruth at first glance appears to portray her as the model of chastity, boldly laying at Boaz's feet to persuade him to marry her. Until, of course, you learn that the phrase "uncovering feet" is actually an idiom for a sexual encounter. Lacking knowledge of this idiom dramatically alters one's understanding of the text, even going so far as to imply the opposite of what might otherwise be concluded.
When we move up the linguistic scale of meaning, the next largest unit of meaning is the meaning of the lexeme after all morphemes have been accounted. This analysis leads us to the phenomena of homonymy and polysemy. If a word has multiple distinct lexemes (meanings derived from it) with the same phonological representation/same orthography (written the same way), such as bank (river bank) and bank (financial institution), this phenomenon is called homonymy. If a sentence is left ambiguous as to what type of bank is being referred to, then misinterpretations can occur. Although homonymy may occur in interpretation, the likelier scenario is that of polysemy. Polysemy deals with the phenomenon of a single lexeme taking on an ambiguous meaning because the specific noun in question has not been clarified. For example, a financial bank can mean a myriad of different financial institutions and although they are all banks (i.e financial banks), the specific bank is not defined (Bank of America, Chase, TDS). In biblical text, ambiguities can be direct relatives to the above phenomena, so meaning and relation of words needs to be directly related to the context of each individual situation. If only individual words are accounted for in meaning, the reader is often left with a trailing idea of what specifically is happening in each part of the inspired text.
Homonymy as present in the Bible includes phrases when translated that are taken from homonyms or near homonyms (most of the sounds are the same as to be recognized as similar). One such example present in the Hebrew translation of Genesis 1:2 is the appearance of the words 'tohu' (formlessness) and 'bohu'(emptiness).2 These words can be seen as related in their Hebrew surface form, but differ slightly in meaning. They refer to two different types of being: a shapeless form and a form with an infinite void. It is important to note that the homonymy, which suggests a poetic genre, is lost in the most accurate translation into English. Whereas the rhyme in Hebrew could suggest a more fluid, figurative meaning, the lack of homonymy in English makes the poetry of this passage more difficult to distinguish. Near homonymy also ties strongly into synonymy described below.
The last holdout of lexeme meaning is synonymy, the idea that a word can be replaced with another word and still retain the same meaning. However, quite often in translations, near synonymy instead of absolute synonymy can result. In understanding the Bible, readers must scrutinize how they describe the Word of God, lest they forget that explaining the stories of the Bible with near-synonymous words may slightly shift the meaning of the Bible. We should strive for a higher sense of accuracy in our lives, especially when reading the book that guides much of our faith.
Sentence sense and paragraph sense make up the next level of interpretation in the pyramid of linguistic semantics. In sentence sense, being able to paraphrase is sometimes more useful than just being able to break down the meaning of every word in the sentence and putting each word (separate meaning) together with each of the other words. It is important in biblical interpretation to not only focus on one word, but rather a slew of words that belong together. If words are taken out of context, varying and quite often very strange interpretations can occur.
As a real life example of this phenomenon, one can cite the Westboro Baptist Church, which pulls sentences specifically from the Bible out of their contextual homes. By doing so, they effectively squelch the original meaning of the words, and a new inspiration (far from the original God-given inspiration) takes foothold. One example of this gross reinterpretation involves their signs. On many signs, they write "God Hates Fags," citing the verse from Romans that says "as it is written, Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated" (Rom 9:13, NIV) Nowhere is homosexuality remotely mentioned in this passage, nor is there an understanding of what 'hate' means here. In context, hate refers to the opposite of being loved; St. Paul uses such strong terms to make his point clear that no matter a person's deeds, God will love him regardless. For Esau was described as the perfect man, whilst Jacob is described as being slightly subpar in comparison. The Westboro Baptist Church's interpretation of hate is only valid if passages are deliberately taken out of context, at least in this case.
This out-of-context phenomenon is very dangerous, and to some extent, all of us are guilty of it (although to a much less extent) because a language's meaning depends upon a individual's interpretation and parsing of structures. If we are not careful, gross miscalculations of the text are possible. Stanley Fish clarifies the way we view text and points out problems with personal interpretation of text:
"There are still formal patterns, but they do not lie innocently in the world [in texts]; rather, they are themselves constituted by an interpretive act. The facts one points to are still there . . . but only as a consequence of the interpretive . . . model that has called them into being."3
When we read, we must mindful that quite often the way we approach a text, determines the "key to the meaning" of the certain text. We embark upon a journey of discovery when we read, but our reading faculties and focus are geared to how we semantically see the text and the way in which we envision the text to be spoken, which carries us over to the next point about gesture below.
One such example, which comes to mind is: "He who spares the rod hates his son, but he who loves him is careful to discipline him (Prov 13:24, NIV)." If someone who read this passage was unfamiliar with the idea of a cane being used as a symbolic gesture to indicate corporal punishment, then they might believe that a rod was something entirely different (maybe a fishing rod). In this case, one might wrongly conclude that any father who doesn't go fishing with his son is negligent. Different interpretations can arise based upon our own experiences, so neutral phrasing understandable to all is necessary in a translation.
"Paralinguistic gesture" has two categories: learned and instinctive.4 The learned gesture deals with the cultural context of the time. It's important to realize that every culture has different ways of communicating through gestures; the American context of gestures could be different than that of the Corinthians. Instinctive gesture includes such movements as nodding to indicate approval and putting your fingers to your lips to indicate quietness. Since writing somewhat limits the use of these gestures, any interpretation can never be as fool-proof as a situation where you can ask for clarification of what is meant from the author nor see affirmation or emotion evoked through gesture. Gesture evokes another semiotic (symbolic) view, which unless described effectively in scripture can make the tone of the Word confusing upon first glance. One famous gesture in the Bible involves Judas' kiss to betray Jesus. Although explained well in the passage surrounding the event, the magnitude of this kiss might carry a slightly differ connotation today as kisses are almost exclusively shown as a sign of love in society. We might even go so far as to see Judas' kiss as merely an identifying mark of Jesus so Pontius Pilate could take him away; however, in the time of Jesus, this friendly maneuver carried with it the stain of betrayal. Gestures that are not common today might imbue a sense of confusion amongst Christians unfamiliar with certain actions in the Bible.
Reflecting back upon sentence sense above, we can derive paragraph sense. When sentences become more complicated and depend on greater levels of organization, paragraphs must and generally do arise. Each successive sentence therefore builds upon the last and culminates in a combined meaning. The context of the related sentences therefore allow a pool of thought in which larger and often more universal meanings can be derived. These pools can be termed 'Pools of Supposition.'
In order to derive the "correct" meaning from the text, one must presuppose that the author of the text and the reader understand the same background information. ("Correct" in usage above does not refer to a right or wrong interpretation, but an interpretation coincident with that of the author's intent). Inevitably, each passage will mean something different to each reader because there is no way to standardize a reader's experience with that of any of the Gospel writers or with the experience of the letters' intended audience. Understanding the context of the time in which a passage was written vastly enhances the likelihood that the reader will comprehend the author's original intent.5
Next, genre of text must be looked at to decide meaning. Poetry can be understood figuratively, whereas discourse is intended to actually describe how a situation or conversation generally unfolded. We cannot take some Psalms completely literally. For instance, Psalm 18:4-5 reads, "the cords of death entangled me; the torrents of destruction overwhelmed me. The cords of the grave coiled around me; the snares of death confronted me." If we took this literally, it would require us to conclude that a deceased person was writing the text. Instead, we must strive to understand the metaphorical meaning of the poetry and thus derive a lesson from it. The genre of the text helps us navigate whether we should take a literal or metaphorical approach to the reading. Linguists Brown and Yule underscore this point in the below passage:
"One of the most pervasive illusions which persists in the analysis of language is that we understand the meaning of a linguistic message solely on the basis of the words and structure of the sentence(s) used to convey that message."6
Brown and Yule make a point for us to look past what is on the page, and also advise to consider the underlying semantic meaning of what we read. For if we only read at face value, some of the message either lacks clarity for us or altogether lacks comprehensibility at any level. If we read the above Psalm at face value, we only get an image of death overwhelming us. If we probe the deeper meaning underlying the surface text, we discover the interpretation that death confronts us in many ways: physically as is described, mentally as we must take on the challenge, and spiritually as God waits for us and guides us to eternal life.
Finally, at a deeper level, etymology and anachronism must be looked at carefully in order to determine the meaning of any text. Etymological taxation is a term used to describe when etymology is not matched to the right time period and thus lacks the same effect that the correct meaning would bear. Although as a linguist, I am fascinated by etymologies, when determining biblical meaning and translation from original Greek, I cannot look at the etymology of a word to define each lexeme any more than I can depend on a dictionary from the Middle Ages to give me an accurate description of a word as it is used today. All too often, etymologies go back to when the word was originally formed and diachronically or comparatively, the only definition which matters is the definition in use at the time that each portion of the Bible was written.
Anachronism is the complete opposite of etymology. Anachronism or selective looking back at a word to define it (i.e. using a modern definition to define a word used at an earlier time, the definition of which has changed) is misguided . Modern translations of older translations are thus needed in order to allow the wording to stay current to the meaning in modern language. For example, if Ancient Greek had all the same words as Modern Greek, but defined each word differently, the languages would not be mutually intelligible. Using an anachronistic view and reflecting Modern Greek usage onto the Greek of Christ's time, this phenomenon would cause a shift in meaning of the Bible (however small or large it may be), which would change the interpretation of the Bible over time and subvert the original message. The original meaning of the Bible must be preserved for modern readers; biblical scholars must adopt a modern language approach (and for the most part do) in order to assure that the original message translates to today's Christians.
The importance of understanding anachronism and etymology is revealed by the way many Christians understand the word "mansions" in the King James Translation of the Bible. The King James Version translated Jesus' promise as "in my Father's house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you" (Jn 14:2, KJV). In the 14th century, the word meant rooms or dwelling places, but if this translation is to be interpreted by the lay person today, the concept of modern day "mansions" may take foothold in that Christian's mind.7 Mansions, in the modern sense, invoke images of grandeur and wealth, but John was not trying to invoke such images of wealth. Rather he is simply telling us that we may look forward to having a place in the house of God.
From these examples, it becomes clear that a linguistically detailed approach to biblical scholarship is not only compatible with, but also essential to, modern Christianity. Analyzing the Bible as an inspired piece of literature without taking into account the scientific constraints of human language is misguided. A deeper understanding of universal grammar and semantic roles of lexemes, morphemes and contextual clues are needed to ensure that biblical language is conceptualized in the same mind frame as language today. Though inexhaustive, this article hopefully offers a greater awareness of linguistic phenomena in practice, which can break down and guide further analysis of the Word of God into the future for greater accuracy and understanding.
[1] Justin Taylor. "The ESV Translation Committee Debates the Translation of Slave." thegospelcoalition.org. The Gospel Coalition Inc. November 7, 2011. http://the gospelcoalition.org/blogs/justintaylor/2011/11/07/the-esv-translation-commit tee-debatesthe-translation-of-slave/
[2] Delabatista, Dirk, Traductio: Essays on Punning and Translation. Denmark, 1997. p.76.
[3] S. Fish, Is there a Text in This Class; The Authority of Interpretive Communities, Cambridge, Mass, HUP, 1980, p.12f.
[4] Cotterell, Peter and Max Turner, Linguistics and Biblical Interpretation, Great Britain, 1989, p.55.
[5] Ibid, p.93.
[6] G. Brown and G. Yule, Discourse Analysis, p.223.
[7] Harper, Douglas. "Mansions." Online Etymology Dictonary. 2011. <http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mansion>.
Christopher Hopper '13, a Linguistics concentrator in Quincy House, is the Grants Manager of The Ichthus.Tags: Bible, Christian, church, death, etymology, exegesis, gospel, language, linguistics, meaning, scripture, semantics, Stanley Fish, translation, Westboro Baptist Church


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A girl describes how each person in the family has hair that looks and
acts different, Papa's like a broom, Kiki's like fur, and Mama's with
the sweet smell of bread before it's baked.
Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954. Internationally acclaimed
for her poetry and fiction, she has been the recipient of numerous
awards, including the Lannan Literary Award and the American Book Award,
and of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the
MacArthur Foundation. Cisneros is the author of the novels The House on
Mango Street and Caramelo, a collection of short stories Woman Hollering
Creek, a book of poetry Loose Woman, and a children's book
Hairs/Pelitos. She lives in San Antonio, Texas.
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