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Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis was first proposed by George C. Williams in 1957 as an evolutionary explanation for senescence.[1] Pleiotropy is the phenomenon where one gene controls for more than one phenotypic trait in an organism.[2] Antagonistic pleiotropy is when one gene controls for more than one trait, where at least one of these traits is beneficial to the organism's fitness and at least one is detrimental to the organism's fitness.[3] The theme of G.C. William's idea about antagonistic pleiotropy was that if a gene caused both increased reproduction in early life and aging in later life, then senescence would be adaptive in evolution. For example, one study suggests that since follicular depletion in human females causes both more regular cycles in early life and loss of fertility later in life through menopause, it can be selected for by having its early benefits outweigh its late costs.[4]
As a constraint on perfection[edit]
Antagonistic pleiotropy is one of the several reasons evolutionary biologists give for organisms never being able to reach perfection through natural selection. Antagonistically pleiotropic genes are the explanation for fitness trade-offs.[3] This means that genes that are pleiotropic control for some beneficial traits and some detrimental traits; thus, if they happen to persist through natural selection, this will prevent organisms from reaching perfection because if they possess the benefits of the gene, they must also possess the imperfections or faults. An example of this would be female rodents that live in a nest with other females and may end up feeding young that are not theirs due to their intense parental drive.[5] This strong parental drive will be selected for, but the organisms will still make the mistake of feeding young that are not theirs and misallocating their resources.
Benefits and costs[edit]
Antagonistic pleiotropy has several negative consequences. It results in delayed adaptation, an altered path of evolution, and reduced adaptation of other traits.[6] In addition, the overall benefit of alleles is cut down significantly (by about half) by pleiotropy. Still, antagonistic pleiotropy has some evolutionary benefits. In fact, the conservation of genes is directly related to the pleiotropic character of an organism.[7] This implies that genes that control for multiple traits, even if the traits have different implications for the organism's fitness, have more staying power in an evolutionary context.
Role in sexual selection[edit]
It is generally accepted that the evolution of secondary sexual characteristics persists until the relative costs of survival outweigh the benefits of reproductive success.[8] At the level of genes, this means a trade-off between variation and expression of selected traits. Strong, persistent sexual selection should result in decreased genetic variation for these traits. However, higher levels of variation have been reported in sexually-selected traits compared to non-sexually selected traits.[9] This phenomenon is especially clear in lek species, where males confer no immediate advantage to the female. Female choice presumably depends on correlating male displays (secondary sexual characteristics) with overall genetic quality. If such directional sexual selection depletes variation in males, why would female choice continue to exist? Rowe and Houle answer this question (the lek paradox) using the notion of genetic capture, which couples the sexually-selected traits with the overall condition of the organism. They posit that the genes for secondary sexual characteristics must be pleiotropically linked to condition, a measure of the organism's fitness. In other words, the genetic variation in secondary sexual characteristics is maintained due to variation in the organism's condition.[10]
Role in disease[edit]
The survival of many serious genetic disorders in our long evolutionary history has led researchers to reassess the role of antagonistic pleiotropy in disease. If genetic disorders are defined by the existence of deleterious alleles, then natural selection acting over evolutionary time would result in a lower frequency of mutations than are currently observed.[11] In a recent article, Carter and Nguyen identify several genetic disorders, arguing that far from being a rare phenomenon, antagonistic pleiotropy might be a fundamental mechanism for the survival of these non-optimal alleles.
In one of these studies, 99 individuals with Laron syndrome (a rare form of dwarfism) were monitored alongside their non-dwarf kin for a period of ten years. Patients with Laron syndrome possess one of three genotypes for the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR). Most patients have an A->G splice site mutation in position 180 in exon 6. Some others possess a nonsense mutation (R43X), while the rest are heterozygous for the two mutations. Laron syndrome patients experienced a lower incidence of cancer mortality and diabetes compared to their non-dwarf kin.[12] This suggests a role for antagonistic pleiotropy, whereby a deleterious mutation is preserved in a population because it still confers some survival benefit.
Another instance of antagonistic pleiotropy is manifested in Huntington's disease, a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a high number of CAG repeats within the Huntingtin gene. The onset of Huntington's is usually observed post-reproductive age and generally involves involuntary muscle spasms, cognitive difficulties and psychiatric problems. Incidentally, the high number of CAG repeats is associated with increased activity of p53, a tumor suppressing protein that participates in apoptosis. It has been hypothesized that this explains the lower rates of cancer among Huntington's patients. Huntington's disease is also correlated with high fecundity.[11]
Additionally, it was found that individuals with a higher pro-inflammatory ratio TNFα/IL-10 had a significantly higher incidence of death due to cardiovascular disease in old age. Yet, it was hypothesized that this genotype was prevalent because higher ratios of TNFα/IL-10 allow individuals to more effectively combat infection during reproductive years.[13]
Sickle cell anemia, Beta-thalassemia, and cystic fibrosis are some other examples of the role antagonistic pleiotropy may play in genetic disorders.[11]
Although there are so many negative effects related to genes that are antagonistically pleiotropic, it is still present among most forms of life. Indeed, pleiotropy is one of the most common traits possessed by genes overall.[7] In addition to that, pleiotropy is under strong stabilizing selection.[6] In one experiment with mice and the morphology of the mandible, 1/5 of the loci had effects of pleiotropy for the entire mandible.[2] One other example was in the Russian biologist Dmitry K. Belyaev's study on the domestication of the fox.[14] In Dmitry K. Belyaev's farm-fox experiment, wild foxes were bred for docile behavior alone. After 40 generations, other physiological changes had surfaced including shortened tails, floppy ears, a white star in the forehead, rolled tails, shorter legs. Since the only thing being selected for was behavior, this leads scientists to believe that these secondary characteristics were controlled by the same gene or genes as docile behavior.
Adaptivity and senescence[edit]
An antagonistically pleiotropic gene can be selected for if it has beneficial effects in early life while having its negative effects in later life because genes tend to have larger impacts on fitness in an organism's prime than in their old age.[4] An example of this is testosterone levels in male humans. Higher levels of this hormone lead to increased fitness in early life, while causing decreased fitness in later life due to a higher risk for prostate cancer.[15] This is an example of antagonistic pleiotropy being an explanation for senescence. Senescence is the act of ageing in individuals; it's the failure over time of the individual's life processes by natural causes.[16] Williams's theory has been the motivation for many of the experimental studies on the reasons for aging in the last 25 years.[17] However, there is more than one theory out there for aging. The competing model to explain senescence is Medawar's "mutation accumulation" hypothesis, saying that "over evolutionary time, late-acting mutations will accumulate at a much faster rate than early-acting mutation. These late-acting mutations will thus lead to declining viability and/or fertility as an organism ages."[17] Medawar's theory is based around the older concept of selection shadow that had been discussed throughout the early 1900s and led to Medawar's theory after discussions with J. B. S. Haldane in the 1940s.[18]
DNA repair and aging[edit]
A prominent explanation for aging at the molecular level is the DNA damage theory of aging. It has been proposed that genetic elements that regulate DNA repair in somatic cells may constitute an important example of age-dependent pleiotropic "genes".[19][20] As pointed out by Vijg,[20] genome repair and maintenance is beneficial early in life by swiftly eliminating DNA damage or damaged cells. However, studies of DNA repair in the brain[21][22] and in muscle[23] indicate that the transition from mitotic cell division to the post-mitotic condition that occurs early in life is accompanied by a reduction in DNA repair. The reduced expression of DNA repair is presumably part of an evolutionary adaptation for diverting the resources of the cell that were previously used for DNA repair, as well as for replication and cell division, to more essential neuronal and muscular functions.[19]
The harmful effect of this genetically controlled reduction in expression is to allow increased accumulation of DNA damage. Reduced DNA repair causes increased impairment of transcription and progressive loss of cell and tissue function. However, these harmful effects of DNA damage are cumulative and most severe in chronologically older individuals whose numbers diminish with time (by causes of death that can be independent of senescence). As a consequence, the beneficial effects of the genetic elements that control the reduction of DNA repair early in life would predominate. Thus regulatory genetic elements that reduce expression of DNA repair genes in post-mitotic cells appear to be important examples of the postulated pleiotropic "genes" that are beneficial in youth but deleterious at an older age.[19]
See also[edit]
- ^ Williams G.C. (1957). "Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence". Evolution. 11 (4): 398–411. doi:10.2307/2406060. JSTOR 2406060.
- ^ a b Cheverud J (1996). "Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotropy". American Zoology. 36: 44–50. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.526.8366. doi:10.1093/icb/36.1.44.
- ^ a b Elena S.F.; Sanjuán R. (2003). "Climb every mountain?". Science. 302 (5653): 2074–2075. doi:10.1126/science.1093165. PMID 14684807.
- ^ a b Wood, J.W., K.A. O'Conner, D.J. Holman, E. Bringle, S.H. Barsom, M.A. Grimes. 2001. The evolution of menopause by antagonistic pleiotropy. Center for Demography and Ecology, Working Paper.
- ^ Alcock, J. 2005. Animal Behavior: eighth edition
- ^ a b Otto S.P. (2004). "Two steps forward, one step back: the pleiotropic effects of favoured alleles". Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (1540): 705–714. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2635. PMC 1691650. PMID 15209104.
- ^ a b He X.; Zhang J. (2006). "Toward a Molecular Understanding of Pleiotropy". Genetics. 173 (4): 1885–1891. doi:10.1534/genetics.106.060269. PMC 1569710. PMID 16702416.
- ^ Bolstad, Geir; Pelabon, Cristophe; Larsen, Line-K; Fleming, Ian A.; Viken, Aslaug; Rosenqvist, Gunilla (2012). "The Effect of Purging on Sexually Selected Traits through Antagonistic Pleiotropy with Survival". Ecology and Evolution. 2 (6): 1184–191. doi:10.1002/ece3.246. PMC 3402193. PMID 22833793.
- ^ Pomiankowski, A; AP Moller (1995). "A Resolution of the Lek Paradox". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 260 (1357): 21–29. doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0054.
- ^ Rowe, L; D. Houle (1996). "The Lek Paradox and the Capture of Genetic Variance by Condition Dependent Traits". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 263 (1375): 1415–1421. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0207.
- ^ a b c Carter, Ashley; Andrew Q. Nguyen (2011). "Antagonistic Pleiotropy as a Widespread Mechanism for the Maintenance of Polymorphic Disease Alleles". BMC Medical Genetics. 12: 160. doi:10.1186/1471-2350-12-160. PMC 3254080. PMID 22151998.
- ^ Guevara-Aguirre, J.; Balasubramanian, P.; Guevara-Aguirre, M.; Wei, M.; Madia, F.; Chang, C.W.; Hwang, D. (2011). "Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency is Associated with a Major Reduction in Pro-aging Signaling, Cancer, and Diabetes in Humans". Science Translational Medicine. 3 (70): 70ra13. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001845. PMC 3357623. PMID 21325617.
- ^ Van Den Biggelaar, AH (2004). "Inflammation underlying cardiovascular mortality is a late consequence of evolutionary programming". The FASEB Journal. 12 (9): 1022–1024. doi:10.1096/fj.03-1162fje. PMID 15084512.
- ^ Trut L.N. (1996). "Early canid domestication: the farm-fox experiment". American Scientist. 87 (2): 160. doi:10.1511/1999.2.160.
- ^ Gann P.H.; Hennekens C.H.; Ma J.; Longcope C.; Stampfer M.J. (1996). "Prospective Study of Sex Hormone Levels and Risk of Prostate Cancer". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 88 (16): 1118–1126. doi:10.1093/jnci/88.16.1118. PMID 8757191.
- ^ Promislow D.E.L. (2004). "Protein networks, pleiotropy and the evolution of senescence". Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (1545): 1225–1234. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2732. PMC 1691725. PMID 15306346.
- ^ a b Fox, C.W. and J.B. Wolf. 2006. Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts and Case Studies.
- ^ Fabian, Daniel; Flatt, Thomas (2011). "The Evolution of Aging". Scitable. Nature Publishing Group. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
- ^ a b c Bernstein C, Bernstein H. (1991) Aging, Sex, and DNA Repair. Academic Press, San Diego. ISBN 0120928604 ISBN 978-0120928606
- ^ a b Vijg J (2014). "Aging genomes: a necessary evil in the logic of life". BioEssays. 36 (3): 282–92. doi:10.1002/bies.201300127. PMC 5985526. PMID 24464418.
- ^ Gensler HL (1981). "Low level of U.V.-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in postmitotic brain cells of hamsters: possible relevance to aging". Exp. Gerontol. 16 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1016/0531-5565(81)90046-2. PMID 7286098.
- ^ Karran P, Moscona A, Strauss B (1977). "Developmental decline in DNA repair in neural retina cells of chick embryos. Persistent deficiency of repair competence in a cell line derived from late embryos". J. Cell Biol. 74 (1): 274–86. doi:10.1083/jcb.74.1.274. PMC 2109876. PMID 559680.
- ^ Lampidis TJ, Schaiberger GE (1975). "Age-related loss of DNA repair synthesis in isolated rat myocardial cells". Exp. Cell Res. 96 (2): 412–6. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(75)90276-1. PMID 1193184.


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28 Comments
I'm puzzling over one of these at the moment :/
e iπ + 1 = 0 or eiπ = -1 ? Both are insufficiently ordered. It should be eπi + 1 = 0. Get it right!
That's how I would write it too when given a choice. Just the convention I'm used to when dealing with complex numbers, a+bi, a=0, b=pi.
I believe the i is normally placed first?
I dunno, I learned it the proper way, Pi x i. See also: http://xkcd.com/179/ and http://www.math.toronto.edu/mathnet/questionCorner/epii.html OK, other sites have it i x Pi.
Thank goodness Disgruntled Mathematician sent this memo; I concur!
I thoroughly agree!
On the i*pi vs pi*i argument, in engineering the i (or "j" as we call it, because we're crazy) comes before the number. I think it's largely an issue of context.
Yeah like in circuits were the impedance of a capacitor is 1/(jwC). btw j makes perfect sense since i is current.
If it isn't taken care of, he's got a formula... FOR DESTRUCTION!
Wouldn't e^(-i*pi)+1=0 be even nicer? You get the "-" sign as well as the "+", the "0" and all ather stuff.
And from now on, we should say E-mc^2=0.
Why would we say something so blatently wrong though? It'd make much more sense to say E/(mc^2)=0
And when I say 0 I definitely mean 1.
So i = (ln(-1))/pi = sqrt(-1) ? Or is it another i I'm thinking about?
Thinking I've read all of xkcd there is, I clicked on bmonk's great links only after I posted. Big mistake.
Problem (theoretically) resolved.
While the i being used is the imaginary unit, it's incorrect to say that i=ln(-1)/pi because the natural log function does not extend canonically to negative numbers, or any complex numbers besides positive reals. It's possible to define ln(-1) only up to integer multiples of 2 pi i.
The beauty about e^(i * pi) + 1 = 0 is that is that one equation clearly demonstrates relationship between e, i , pi, 1 and 0. While in the other representation, 0 is kinda lost.
Except that the relationship doesn't actually involve 0, that's just a construct. Writing e^{i\pi}=-1 more clearly demonstrates its origin in Euler's formula.
So, nothing is lost by using e^(i*pi)=-1 ?
Haha nice!
Uugh! That's a terrible pun. I wish I'd thought of it!
Ditto :D
e^(i*pi)+1=0 gives a relation to e pi i 1 and 0, e^(i*pi) = -1 only to e i pi and -1, and -1 isnt even that interesting.
yay! i recognize the gmail format anywhere :)
(yep, im more of a computer geek than a mathematician, but hey, from thanksgiving, if they didnt have complexity theory, i wouldn't have any fun :)
And of course the second way of writing it includes a 0, making it an equation with each of the 5 most important numbers in mathematics exactly once in it.
It really should be e^(i*tau) = 1 + 0, i.e. a rotation through one complete turn comes back to the original number.
Pi is the wrong circle constant! Embrace the tau! http://tauday.com/
what about e^(tau*i)=1? its balanced.
How about e^((Tau)i)=1?
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Luxury Design, Past & Present
STUNNING HERMES ruby rouge 32cm kelly bag in very good condition. Rouge garance togo leather exterior trimmed with shining gold hardware. Signature twist, double strap flap closure opens to a matching leather lined interior that holds 1 side zippered pocket and 2 side slit pockets. Overall very good condition. No stains, smells, or major damage to leather. Gentle scuffs on bottom exterior corners from use (please refer to photos). Clean interior. This fabulous kelly bag is a limited edition color that is no longer made. The kelly bag is one of the most coveted fashion accessories around the world as they are timelessly classic and suit any wardrobe in any season. This piece is no exception and a very rare Hermes find perfect for fashion enthusiasts.Purchase includes a dust cover, clochette, lock and keys
Measurements: 12.5"x8.5"x5" 3.5" handle drop 17" strap drop
LadybagAdrienne Astrologo


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Viasa had just a couple of DC-9ers. This picture was taken under the Caribbean sun at Grantley Adams.
A classic picture of one of the few DC-9ers owned and operated by Viasa. On this picture, this old airplane is about to push back and start its taxiing procedure for its return flight to CCS.
This aircraft was delivered new to Avensa in 1967.
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• By Janine Pineo •
Take the good with the bad.
That's what I keep telling myself as trips around the yard reveal more damage from winter's wrath.
I think the pluses outweigh the minuses, but you can decide.
Good: March greeted April with a wave of blooming crocus. Then came the dwarf iris and snowdrops, and an ever-expanding drift of Siberian squill, glory-of-the-snow and puschkinia. Tulips and daffodils strove to reach new heights, while the first luminous leaves of lady's mantle, lamb's ears and lupine took a tentative peek out of the mulch.
Bad: If one keeps an eye on the ground, all seems well. But a glance skyward still prompts a wince.
The obvious breaks are in the ornamental trees, but the wooded areas of the Pineo plot were not unscathed. New-fallen trunks litter the forest floor, their heavy branches bending young saplings to the ground. While nature will take its course in most of those areas, the ornamental trees require professional help. I can't picture myself, pruning saw in hand, teetering atop a ladder and tethered to a tree trunk. Then, I would be the one in need of professional help.
Good: The first green buds on the lilac, forsythia and St. John's wort made it easy to spot any dead shoots ripe for pruning. To promote a new flush of bloom, the winter-weary branches on the heath and heather plants got their spring trimming, too. Requiring nothing but admiration was the several-years-old enkianthus, a stunner with its bud-speckled branches; maybe this year the bell-like blossoms will ring the crown.
Bad: The hydrangea lost its top, the beauty bush is a beauty no more, and the summersweet may have seen its last summer.
Those sorry discoveries — all in the same flower bed by the gardening shed — made me ill. It also forced me to learn how to prune the wounded wrecks if they are to have a chance at survival.
The simplest guide I've found is "Pruning Woody Landscape Plants" from the University of Maine Cooperative Extension. While I may not follow all the instructions perfectly, I think I've got a handle on this pruning thing (and after this year, we all may be pros).
Tools are key, but my weapon of choice for smaller shrubs is a bypass pruner, scissorlike shears that make a smoother cut than anvil pruners, which crush the stem and leave a ragged wound.
With pruners in hand, I first attacked the hydrangea, a stubby sort of tree that has been slow to grow. The most I could do was make a clean cut below where the crown broke off and pray that the remaining lower branches will take over. This is definitely not the recommended way to ever prune a tree, but I want to make the attempt to save it. The hydrangea's best hope is its youth; it may bounce back better than before.
The pink summersweet, Clethra alnifolia rosea, was a bit trickier. The weight of the snow and ice broke two of the major branches of this young bush, which was less than 2 feet tall. Both shoots had to be cut off just above ground level. With only a couple of sets of puny branches left, survival will depend on how strong the root system is and whether it can sustain the plant through this trauma.
Clethra is among the later-flowering shrubs that produce buds during the current season, which means there might be flowers this year on the remaining shoots of the summersweet. That characteristic also means spring is a good time for pruning clethra. The opposite of clethra would be forsythia, which makes flower buds the previous year. Spring pruning of forsythia may sacrifice the flowers unless only deadwood is being removed, so it is recommended to prune these shrubs just after flowering to allow time for maximum growth.
The other casualty was my beauty bush, Kolkwitzia amabilis, which had reached about 3 feet in height last summer. The vertical branches all were splintered; left intact were the horizontal branches that arch gracefully out.
All of the breaks were next to the trunk, which meant that any pruning would leave an awkward hole in the center of the plant. Enough of the plant remains to keep it alive, but I don't know how or if any new shoots will fill in the bare area. Only time will tell.
Good: Brushing the dog.
It has a lot to do with my gardens, actually. Bear's fluffy black fur floats around the back yard after she is brushed, attracting the attention of the birds — in this case, a pair of phoebes and a chickadee.
The phoebes use it to line their nest atop the light fixture outside the back door. They are pest control for the gardens, swooping down to snatch unsuspecting bugs from my vegetables and flowers and then feeding them to the babies back home in the cozy, fur-lined nest.
As for the chickadee, I'm not sure why one was pulling puffs of fur from the last of the snow. Maybe it, too, needed a baby blanket.
Bad: Deer.
December's snow made it easy to follow one creature's path of nibbling destruction when it made mincemeat, so to speak, of my stand of kale. On its way out, the deer decided dessert was the poor apple trees, all of which had to be pruned this month.
So I'm thinking this harebrained scheme may work: In the spring, I brush Bear for the birds and in the fall for the deer. Huh, you ask? Well, I'll take those wispy clumps of dog fuzz and drape them from the apple trees, sort of a hairy version of Spanish moss.
Good for the trees, bad for the deer, and really ugly for the rest of us.
First published in the Bangor Daily News in April 1998.
2012 update: Fourteen years after the Ice Storm, a number of the shrubs and trees damaged in that onslaught are still thriving. A few shrubs succumbed, but not that year and then only some years later. Perhaps they were too damaged to live longer, but they kept trying. The beauty bush? It has gone on to be one of the most spectacular shrubs in the yard, looking like it was dead a couple of years ago and being severely pruned back, only to erupt into a glorious display the next year. There is something to be said for pruning.


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Our volunteer reviewers share some of their all‐time favorite books for Quakers.
Reviewed by Marty Grundy in Friends Journal
Searching article titles, author names, and full text of all articles since 2002:
Friends Journal Reviewer Survey
Books June/July 2014
Book reviews.
Books November 2013
Books reviewed: Gathered: Contemporary Quaker Poets (ed. by Nick McRae); Powerful Beyond Measure: The Legacy of Quaker Leadership in the […]
Books June/July 2013
Discernment: Living Under Divine Guidance North Carolina Yearly Meeting (Conservative), Journal (number 6), 2012. 62 pages. Free download at www.ncymc.org/journal. Reviewed […]
June/July Books 2012
A Lively Faith: Reflections on Iowa Yearly Meeting of Friends (Conservative) By Callie Marsh. FGC QuakerPress, 2011. 102 pages. $14.95/paperback. Reviewed […]
The Gathered Meeting
FJ Review: "It would be good if every Friend read and pondered this pamphlet, and if every Ministry and Counsel […]
Marty Grundy, now a member of Wellesley (Mass.) Meeting (New England Yearly Meeting), attended the Quaker consultation of 1991, serving as a "participant observer."Posted in: November 2017 Books, Quaker Libraries
A Practical Mysticism: How Quaker Process Opens Us to the Promptings of the Divine
By Elizabeth Meyer. Pendle Hill Pamphlets (number 453), 2018. 36 pages. $7/pamphlet. This Pendle Hill pamphlet is an excellent explanation […]
Marty Grundy has been clerk and recording clerk of monthly, quarterly, and yearly meetings; as well as recording clerk of Friends General Conference's Central Committee and Religious Education Committee; and the first clerk of FGC's Traveling Ministries Program.Posted in: March 2019 Books, Outside the Meetinghouse, Quaker Book Reviews
Walk Humbly, Serve Boldly: Modern Quakers as Everyday Prophets
By Margery Post Abbott. Inner Light Books, 2018. 478 pages. $45/hardcover; $30/paperback; $12.50/eBook. Margery Post Abbott's latest book presents Friends […]
Marty Grundy is now a member of Wellesley (Mass.) Meeting, New England Yearly Meeting.Posted in: February 2019, February 2019 Books, Quaker Book Reviews
The Inner Guide versus the Inner Critic: The Journey from Judgment to Love
By Christine Wolff. Pendle Hill Pamphlets (number 448), 2017. 34 pages. $7/pamphlet. Christine Wolff, a psychologist using the Diamond Approach, […]
Marty Grundy is a member of Wellesley (Mass.) Meeting, New England Yearly Meeting.Posted in: Books That Have Changed Us, November 2018 Books, Quaker Book Reviews
Lucretia Mott Speaks: The Essential Speeches and Sermons
Edited by Christopher Densmore, Carol Faulkner, Nancy Hewitt, and Beverly Wilson Palmer. University of Illinois Press, 2017. 304 pages. $75/hardcover; […]
Marty Grundy is a member of Wellesley (Mass.) Meeting, New England Yearly Meeting.Posted in: January 2018 Books, Quaker Book Reviews, Quaker Lifestyles
I Think I Understand Now by Andrew Huff
Drugs and the Practice of Spiritual Discernment by Joe McHugh
Supporting Recovery Among Friends by Johanna Jackson
Confronting the Challenge of Drugs by Eric E. Sterling
The Liturgy of Me by r. scot miller
I Met God on a Train Last Week by Elizabeth Bajjalieh
Among Friends, Forum, Viewpoint, Reflection, News, Books, Milestones, Classifieds, Meeting Listings, QuakerSpeak


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The lecture will take place at Monday, the 10th of Sep.2018 at 10-11 o´clock in the room 5.20 floor 4A-09. Peter T. Vanberkel, PEng, PhD form the Department of Industrial Engineering will talk about Applications of Operations Research for Coping with Ambulance Offload Delays.
Welcome to the Health Care Lab
The newest publication of Melanie Reuter-Oppermann available here.
The workshop has been organisied by the HCL of the KSRI.more
At the 19th and 20th of September 2018 representives of research and practice will have an scientific exchange and they will discuss about issues e.g. location problems for ambulances, bases and helicopters. Click here for more information.


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A woman has been charged by police after an allegation of racial abuse in Preston.
Officers say at around 10.40pm on July 19, a woman entered the Tesco Express store in Blackpool Road.
It is believed she became involved in a verbal altercation with store staff and was asked to leave by security.
The woman is then alleged to have racially abused the guard before making off from the scene.
Following a press appeal for information, Leanne Dawson, 35, of West Park Avenue, Preston, was arrested and charged with causing racially aggravated distress and using threatening behaviour.
She has been bailed to appear at Preston Magistrates' Court on September 21.


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BTS At 'Hamilton's Grammys Performance Gives Fans A First Look At Their Rehearsal — PHOTOS
Talk about the room where it happens — the Hamilton Grammys performance hasn't even happened yet, but the audience who was invited to the Richard Rodgers Theater is pumped. While waiting for the simulcast to begin, the people onstage and in the audience have hit social media with their excitement. How could they not, with TV cameras, rehearsals, and Stephen Colbert there to introduce the show? This is a special moment for musical theater fans everywhere, and I'm glad we're getting a peek inside.
They're just performing the opening number from the show, not a medley or the whole thing (but get ready for everyone to tweet things like, "KEEP GOING" and "what if they just kept going tho" as soon as the performance is over). This is just a taste of the historical hit. Still, this is Hamilton's biggest audience yet, and on live television anything can happen. You can feel the positive energy bursting through Twitter, seriously.
Here are some of the best tweets and pictures from all of the lucky people in New York City ready for this short, yet epic show from behind the scenes. They were all invited by the cast and crew, so you just know that the love is flowing from those seats. How lucky they are!


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Tall Back White Cottage Rush Seat Bench Chairish
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StoryHackers: Prototype an Immersive Story
This session requires RSVP, and access will only be available to badge types listed under "Primary Access."
StoryHackers is a storytelling playground with tech tools. The attendees will learn to use analogic and digital storytools designed by StoryHackers to prototype immersive experiences. They will be given a storytool kit with materials to work creatively in their 360 stories and characters physically. After that, the participants will be able to prototype their scenes with audios, 360 pictures and text in an open source code-free web tool to export and view in their phones & VR headsets.
[Programming descriptions are generated by participants and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of SXSW.]


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Unusual case of subxiphoid uniportal VATS right upper lobectomy in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava with azygous continuation
Case presentation
A 66 year-old non-smoker female patient, presented to our hospital with a history of cough for the last month. The patient had unremarkable Physical examination. Laboratory tests showed no abnormalities. ECG showed normal pattern. Chest radiograph revealed a solid (3 cm °¡ 3.5 cm) lesion in the right upper lobe the lung with slight widening of the mediastinum and enlargement of the azygos arch, CT scan confirmed the findings (Figure 1) and PET-CT showed pathological uptake in the lesion while the mediastinum was free. The arch of the azygos vein was abnormally dilated (Figure 2) and the IVC was shown in the right hemithorax posterior to the left atrium of the heart and lateral to the esophagus (Figure 3). The hepatic veins joined and drained to the cardiac right atrium in a direct fashion (Figure 4). The patient was scheduled to undergo a surgery of right upper lobectomy through the subxiphoid uniportal VATS approach.
Preoperative preparation
Other abdominal abnormalities were excluded by abdominal CT scan. Echocardiography revealed no cardiac abnormality, the operation was scheduled to be performed via a minimal invasive technique.
Equipment performance card
Full HD thoracoscopic camera (Karl Storz®), wound protectors, special instruments designed for VATS surgery (Shanghai Medical Instruments Group Ltd.), Endo GIA staplers (Covidien-Medtronic), LigaSure™ energy device (Covidien-Medtronic).
Under general anesthesia, the patient was intubated with a double lumen endotracheal tube (32 Fr). CVP line, arterial line, and urinary catheter were inserted before beginning of the surgery. The patient was positioned on left decubitus position, with slight backward tilting (70°) (Figure 5). A 3.5 cm longitudinal skin incision were performed over the xiphoid prominence, the xiphoid process was resected thereafter using surgical scissors. The right pleura were opened, and the pericardial fats were removed in order to improve the exposure for the pleural space (Figure 6). The right hilum was approached by dividing the parietal pleura around the right upper lobe venous branches. This was done by special long instruments with a curved tip which was specially designed for subxiphoid surgeries (Figure 7). The venous branch to the middle lobe was identified, and the truncus anterior branch of the pulmonary artery was exposed. The vein and the artery were encircled and divided using a white vascular stapler with the angled tip (Endo GIA staplers Covidien-Medtronic) (Figure 6). The abnormally dilated azygos arch was noticed during the procedure (Figure 8) and dissections near to the azygos arch where done carefully in order to avoid its injury. The bronchus to the upper lobe was subsequently dissected and encircled, inflation test where done to insure the patency of bronchus intermedius and the bronchus was stapled using a green reload stapler (Endo GIA staplers Covidien-Medtronic) (Figure 6). The posterior ascending artery was identified, dissected, encircled and tied using double 2-0 silk ties then the artery was divided by LigaSure™ energy device. The interlobar fissure then divided using two green reload staplers (Endo GIA staplers Covidien-Medtronic), and the specimen was removed out of the pleural cavity. Posterior retraction of the IVC with a sucker was necessary in order to perform lymph node dissection at station 8 and station 7 (Figure 9). Lymph nodes at station 3a were easily dissected and removed (Figure 6). For dissecting the lymph nodes at station R4 and R2 the azygos arch was encircled and retracted laterally using a metal wire that was percutaneously inserted (Figure 10), then lymphadenectomy was done. After hemostasis and pneumostasis one chest drain was inserted through the same subxiphoid incision, and the wound was closed in layers.
Post-operative management
Postoperative course was uneventful. Chest drain was removed in the third postoperative day, and the patient was discharged from the hospital four days after the operation. Follow up CT was performed one month after the surgery and revealed no other abnormalities (Figure 11). The patient was in a good general condition and asymptomatic in a clinic visit.
In the field of thoracic surgery, pulmonary and systemic anatomical vascular variations are not a rare condition. Interrupted IVC (also known as azygos continuation of the IVC is a relatively uncommon congenital condition with prevalence 1.5% (0.2–3%) of the general population (2-4). During the sixth to tenth weeks of gestational life, three paired venous systems develop to form the retroperitoneal venous system: posterior cardinal (which arise first at the sixth week), followed by the subcardinal, and supracardinal systems at seven weeks, and eight weeks. The IVC pre-renal segment originated from the subcardinal system. While the renal vein segment originates as a result of subcardinal-supracardinal systems anastomosis. The azygos and hemiazygos veins arise from the supra-cardinals just above the diaphragm. Changes and modulations occur in the abdominal and pelvic basic venous system resulting in variants and anomalies such as isolated left IVC, double IVC, and retro aortic left renal vein (5). In azygos continuation of the IVC, the pre-renal IVC passes posterior to the diaphragmatic crura to enter the thorax as the azygos vein (2). The embryologic theory suggests atrophy of the right subcardinal vein due to subcardinal-hepatic anastomosis failure, which is responsible for the atrophy of right subcardinal vein. As a result, the supra-subcardinal anastomosis shunts the blood through the retro crural azygos vein (2,6). The renal portion of the IVC receives blood return from the kidneys and passes cephalad to the thorax as the azygos vein. The azygos vein drains to the SVC at the usual anatomical point in the right paratracheal area. In fact the hepatic segment is not truly absent; rather, it drains directly into the right atrium of the heart instead of the IVC (2). The IVC is usually interrupted after the entry of the renal veins and continues into a dilated azygos vein that enters the right pleural space, runs posteriorly in the mediastinum and joins to the superior vena cava in the right paratracheal area (7,8). In rare cases, the continuation of the IVC could occur at the left side through a hemiazygos venous system. The hepatic veins usually drains to the post- hepatic segment of the IVC which is almost invariably present (8). This anomaly has been incidentally reported for the first time in 1793 at post-mortem examination (9). In 1967, Moller and his group (10), described the relationship between interrupted IVC and the polysplenia syndrome after studying the anatomical data of twelve cases of concomitant visceral heterotaxy with polysplenia. Subsequently, several reports have confirmed this pertinence (11-13). Although some cardiac anomalies such as the polysplenia syndrome, A-V septal defects, anomalous of pulmonary venous connection and pulmonary atresia could be presents in combination with interrupted IVC but it's not common to this anomaly to produce physiological consequences (8). In the past, predominant relationship between the anomaly and congenital heart disease thought to be exist (8), but with the development of cross-sectional imaging, more cases has become recognized as a solitary finding in otherwise asymptomatic patients (7). P wave aberration and multiple atrial arrhythmias are frequently seen in the ECG of these patients (14). Recognizing the dilated azygos vein at the confluence with the superior vena cava and in the retro crural space is important to avoid misdiagnosis as a paratracheal mass or retro crural lymph nodes enlargement (6,7). Technical attention is required during cardiac surgeries performed for other conditions and during right sided thoracic procedures, and awareness of this anomaly is paramount in order to avoid damage or ligating the azygos vein which would be invariably lethal (3,4). Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become a popular procedure in thoracic surgery. Although VATS provides to surgeons the ability to obtain better details of local structures while performing the operation, the lack of wide view of the surgical field during the operation considered as one of its limitations (15,16). It is important to acquire preoperative accurate information on the vascular anatomy as it may serve to avert such complications and boost the safety of the surgery. To our knowledge, there are no video documented reports of this abnormality. Moreover this is probably the first case with such abnormality approached by VATS.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
- Abu Akar FE, Yang C, Zhou Y, et al. Subxiphoid RUL lobectomy in a patient with interrupted IVC with azygos continuation. Asvide 2017;4:283. Available online: http://www.asvide.com/articles/1592
- Bass JE, Redwine MD, Kramer LA, et al. Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava: cross-sectional imaging findings. Radiographics 2000;20:639-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Hardwick T, Belcher E, Sabharwal T, et al. Interrupted inferior vena cava: high-risk anatomy for right thoracotomy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011;12:850-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Effler DB, Greer AE, Sifers EC. Anomaly of the vena cava inferior; report of fatality after ligation. J Am Med Assoc 1951;146:1321-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Malaki M, Willis AP, Jones RG. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava. Clin Radiol 2012;67:165-71. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ginaldi S, Chuang VP, Wallace S. Absence of hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1980;4:112-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Schultz CL, Morrison S, Bryan PJ. Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava: demonstration by NMR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984;8:774-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mazzucco A, Bortolotti U, Stellin G, et al. Anomalies of the systemic venous return: a review. J Card Surg 1990;5:122-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Abernethy J, Banks J. Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formation, in the Viscera of the Human Body. By Mr. John Abernethy, Assistant Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Communicated by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. P. R. S. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1793;83:59-66. [Crossref]
- Moller JH, Nakib A, Anderson RC, et al. Congenital cardiac disease associated with polysplenia. A developmental complex of bilateral "left-sidedness". Circulation 1967;36:789-99. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Rose V, Izukawa T, Moës CA. Syndromes of asplenia and polysplenia. A review of cardiac and non-cardiac malformations in 60 cases withspecial reference to diagnosis and prognosis. Br Heart J 1975;37:840-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Van Mierop LH, Gessner IH, Schiebler GL. Asplenia and polysplenia syndromes. Birth Defects 1972;8:36-44.
- Van Praagh S, Santini F, Sanders SP. Cardiac malpositions with special emphasis on visceral heterotaxy (asplenia and polysplenia syndromes). In: Fyler DC. editor. Nadas' Pediatric Cardiology. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1992:589-608.
- Van der Horst RL, Gotsman MS. Abnormalities of atrial depolarization in infradiaphragmatic interruption of inferior vena cava. Br Heart J 1972;34:295-300. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Matsumoto K, Yamasaki N, Tsuchiya T, et al. Three-dimensional computed tomography for a mediastinal basal pulmonary artery. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:e115-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Watanabe S, Arai K, Watanabe T, et al. Use of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography of pulmonary vessels for lung resections. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;75:388-92; discussion 392. [Crossref] [PubMed]
Cite this article as: Abu Akar FE, Yang C, Zhou Y, Lin L, Gonzalez-Rivas D, Jiang L. Unusual case of subxiphoid uniportal VATS right upper lobectomy in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava with azygous continuation. J Vis Surg 2017;3:92.


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Last year, we started a tradition of putting up the Christmas tree at Thanksgiving. I can't remember if it was the Sunday after, when we returned from visiting family out of state, or if it was the Wednesday before. I just remember that it worked out really well. It was to become a tradition. Only… we kind of blew it this year.
We succeeded in getting the Christmas tree – but not the ornaments – down from the attic Monday morning before school. I honestly don't know what possessed us to do that on the first school morning after a holiday. Maybe I felt guilty for not doing it the day before. Or maybe we thought it'd increase the chances we'd get the tree up that evening.
Well, it didn't. Hal asked if we were going to but the night was just too full. As was the next day, what with a trip to the nearby metroplex for a doctor's visit, an orchestra concert, and basketball practice. Wednesdays are always full and Thursday was a Christmas party. Then we were iced in – surely we'd get it done with everyone home from school Friday and the town's Christmas parade delayed a week.
But the next day was to be Daddy's big sale and there was still so much to do to prepare. Then Mommy got sick and we spent the day trying to find a doctor willing to write a prescription. All the florists, retailers, and fast food joints were open – just not the doctors or urgent care centers.
The weekend was full with the studio sale and a volleyball championship game and church. The following Monday looked promising but since my sister-in-law and her boyfriend were preparing to move out-of-state, they stopped by to visit and shower the kids with gifts.
Hal asked on Tuesday when I picked him up from school. It'd now been over a week of asking – every day.
"I really don't think we'll be able to do it tonight," I said. "Maybe tomorrow, but I kind of doubt it."
Tuesday night was already booked with Destination Imagination practice for both of the older kids, a meeting at church for both adults, Boy Scouts, and basketball practice. Oh, and my sister-in-law and her boyfriend were now spending the night at our house since the last of their stuff was now loaded in the POD.
Wednesday fared no better with bell choir practice, Christmas pageant rehearsal, and a volleyball team shopping spree for the elderly women they had adopted.
"Maybe tomorrow," I said.
But Thursday night, we had to finish Daryl's costume for the Christmas parade and then there was basketball practice again. Also, some investigations at Lowe's for flooring solutions in our never-ending remodeling project that some people would call the master suite.
As Thursday revealed itself to be another non-Christmas-tree-assembly day, Hal asked me a question.
"Mommy? Do you remember that day that's not tomorrow when we put up the Christmas tree?"
At first, I thought he was referring to last year, when we got it all right. Then I realized that he was begging me to not tell him, once again, that we'd put up the tree… tomorrow. See, tomorrow never seems to come.
He soon began to bargain, reduce his standards. "Can't we just put up the tree and one ornament? Just one ornament? I have one. Sissy took it but I know where it is."
When we drove past the uber-neighbors' house – the one with icicle lights on the fence, lights on the house, and a lit, decorated tree in the front window, he said, "See! Everyone else has their Christmas tree up! Why are we the only ones that don't?"
I assured him that we weren't the only ones, but he wasn't convinced.
Friday night availed itself with the cancelling of the Christmas parade due to rain. But we took the opportunity to have a rare family movie night and then it was time for bed.
I felt terrible as my husband and I sat there planning out how much flooring we needed for the bedroom and bath. I was sure that we were slowly suffocating the Christmas spirit in our youngest child. Saturday wasn't looking too promising. More Destination Imagination and basketball, not to mention a birthday party, meant I would be driving all over town all day long.
The only solution was to make sure we put up the tree so he could put his one decoration on the tree before all the craziness started. Before we left the house at 8:45 in the morning.
I cleaned off the dining room table, collapsed it to its smaller size, and scooted it away from the front window. I swept and mopped. And when Hal came out of his room the next morning, I declared, "Who wants to put together the Christmas tree?!"
We put it together, just the two of us, while listening first to Christmas classics on Pandora, and then to a cooperative viola practice by the older siblings. It turned out to be a pretty special, albeit still quick and a tad bit rushed, morning.
And then he went to go get that one ornament he'd been talking about. He'd said it was his and his sister had taken it. I found him in her room, standing on a chair, taking a porcelain cross down off the wall. The cross that he had given her to put with her collection of crosses.
"Oh, no, dear! That's not an ornament and it's not yours anymore and you aren't allowed in her room without permission." He began to cry.
Luckily, there were two paper Santa ornaments that he and Daryl had made a couple of weeks earlier. He placed them on the tree with great care. He's still on my case about getting the tree fully and properly decorated, but at least we got started. And I won some bonus points, after getting the boxes of ornaments out of the attic, when I took out a large nativity scene and set it up by the TV.
Maybe tomorrow we'll get the lights and ornaments on the tree. Maybe tomorrow.


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Title : Straight to Normal : My life as a Gay Man
Author : Sharif D. Rangnekar
Publisher : Rupa Publishers
Rating : 4.5/5
Genre : Biographies & Memoirs, Non-Fiction
Format : Paperback
Price : 295
Rating : 4.5/5
About the Book : 'God is the reason why I am who I am.
Nature is the reason why I am who I am.
I don't want to die because of who I am.'
As a fifteen-year-old, Sharif D. Rangnekar could not fathom why he felt aroused watching men dance in a Jermaine Jackson music video. He soon found the 'answer' in a book that told him that this was just a phase and it would end once he got married. He almost did. Straight to Normal is the autobiography of a gay man who had to battle bouts of confusion, vulnerability, fear, dejection and depression and also unlearn the normative definition of lust, love and everything in between, in order to thwart the desire to kill himself and find a reason to live. Through the twists and turns of hate and affection, love and break-ups, violence and near peace, he finally finds the courage to speak for himself and others like him. After several failed attempts to write this book due to the fear of the law and society, as a fifty year-old gay man who does not want to see a single person losing hope and life, Sharif has written his story where he describes how he gained an identity but lost a near lifetime, looking for love and companionship. Through this book, he hopes that anyone who feels pressured to appear 'straight' finds the strength to be who they are.
About the Author : A communications consultant and former journalist, Sharif D. Rangnekar uses every possible platform—talks, writing and music—to advocate change and garner support for the LGBTQ community. He is the frontman of Friends of Linger, a band that is credited with India's first dedication to the gay community—'Head Held High'. He curates the platform 'Embrace: Music Justice Arts', which blends art with social justice. He held senior positions at The Economic Times and The Pioneer, before leading Integral PR as its CEO and later as its chairman. He was named PR Professional of The Year 2013 by IPRCCA. Sharif provides counsel in the area of diversity and inclusion in workplace, specific to the LGBTQ community. He is also associated with Open For Business, a global forum that promotes such policies.
My Say : Now, that's what they call being courageous enough to talk about your identity and opening about your life. Hats off to the author of this genuinely well written autobiography. I read this memoir in one go, and every time I was reading the next chapter, the only thought which was coming to my mind was "Section 377 affected so many lives". I am not against of something but, what's their fault if God has made them Gay. Why they had to hide it and, why they were not allowed to live a normal life? This book left me with so many unanswered questions.
Sharif has penned down this autobiography with the depth of his heart. From knowing about his sexual inclination, his heartbreaks and opening up about his identity to Ma, each and every moment is written with so much of honesty.
This memoir shakes you up to the core, as it's been few hours I have completed this but, I am still in it's impact. We all try to fit in the club of society as somehow we all are suffering from 'FOMO', but, in this race we forget to accept ourselves. We often neglect the fact that there is no competition. We all are different, and life is all about cherishing and treasuring the gift of being different.
In the end, I would like to recommend this book to each and everyone, as it is not just about LGBT issues, but it will take you to the world of author, where he beautifully described his journey of being 'Gay to Normal'.
Happy Reading & Good Luck Sharif ♥
You can buy the book from here


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Careers Guidance
We encourage our pupils to believe in their talents and abilities, and never discard a dream without chasing it first.
The Careers Department is led by Mr MWoodward who is supported by a strong team of Year Heads, Heads of Department and subject tutors. A member of the CRAC Decisions at 18 Advisory Group, Mr Woodward has delivered workshops to fellow advisers across the UK on a range of topics, including the importance of networking, online portfolios, gap years, interview technique and running a Careers department.
We hold a Careers Convention every two years early in the Spring term. To register as a delegate for the next event, please click here.
Careers Programme
Upper Sixth
Participation in our Mock Interview Morning- usually the penultimate Saturday in September- allows pupils to test their interview technique and receive advice from our expert volunteer interviewers. This is an event you would be daft not to attend!
Help is given on constructing a convincing Personal Statement if pupils are applying via UCAS for a degree. Click here for our tips. For those looking at universities outside the UK, seeking employment or applying for places on competitive gap schemes after A levels, our advice and contacts could be essential. We fully recognise the strengths and advantages of apprenticeships at 16 and 18, and offer advice on alternatives to university at 18.
We work with pupils on an individual basis according to their needs. While our expertise lies with the 11-18 age category, we actively keep in touch with former pupils, offer advice where suitable to former pupils of any age and are always delighted to receive offers of help from former pupils. Our parents too are an invaluable support network.
Lower Sixth
We talk formally to the year regularly in Life Choices: these sessions will usually cover 'The Options at 18', 'Not Going To Uni', 'The University application process' and 'Gap Years'.
At the end of Lower Sixth, we present formally to the year group about 'Staying Ahead' and invite experts in CV Technique and Personal Statement writing to deliver sessions.
In the final week of the Summer term, all pupils have the opportunity to plan a programme to suit their future beyond Bablake.
Fifth Year
In September, we talk formally in Life Choices about the Options available at 16, both within Bablake and outside the school.
A careers review allows each pupil to talk about his/her own action plan for life beyond GCSE.
Our CV Challenge is a fine chance to receive advice on how to compose a CV and Covering Letter- vital tools for future applications.
Fourth Year
The 'Your Future' booklet issued to each pupil in the Summer Term follows up talks on positive digital portfolios and branding.
The Year Head organises an excellent Key Skills day based around vital business concepts of leadership, teamwork and communication.
Third Year
There is a formal Life Choices session where the options at GCSE are set out by the Deputy Head- Academic.
All pupils take the Buzz challenge, on I Could, and we send a selection of our Upper Sixth pupils to answer questions from Third year pupils in an extended registration.
Second Year
In the formal Life Choices programme, a booklet is issued early in the year, asking pupils to think about their future choices, compare job trends across generations and consider the range of jobs in every profession.
Pupils are made aware of who 'lives' in the Careers department and where we are situated in school! Where possible, as well as introducing visitors to the senior school, especially if they are former pupils of note, we also work with our Junior School. Most recently an author and illustrator, actor and musician have spoken to these younger pupils.
- Bablake's Careers department is keen to develop partnerships with former pupils and both local and national companies. To register an offer of help with an aspect of our Careers programme, please click here.
- Please visit our Careers website, Facebook page and Twitter feed.
- To contact the Careers department, please email email@example.com.
My employers are all impressed with how confident I am, even when dealing with senior executives and board members. I put that totally down to Bablake.


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Meagan Coy
Meagan is a 200 RYT who found her practice and passion for yoga while living in Colorado in 2006. In 2008, she completed a 500-hour yoga teacher training course through Sunstone Yoga in Texas. Since then Meagan has been teaching and deepening her knowledge in order to make her practice and her classes as safe, fun and authentic as they can be.
Following her teacher trainings, Meagan studied Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga with Sadie Nardini and completed the Goddess Yoga Project with Sianna Sherman, along with practicing and learning about all different styles of yoga throughout the past several years.
Meagan has been teaching at the Moab Yoga Studio since 2014. In that time she has developed a passion and a voice for making yoga and its more esoteric qualities accessible and relatable to all levels of students. You can expect her classes to have a theme intermingled with a focus on alignment-based flowing movements to help create a deeper connection with the breath and energy of the body.


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3D printed parts
This adapter can be used to hold (more wider filament) spools in place when the side panel that covers the filament trays is removed. Machine: Bolt a...
Tue, 31 Jul, 2018 at 4:30 PM
Fanduct We recommend to print the fanduct in Hybrid. The part can be printed without support. as shown in the picture.
Mon, 30 Apr, 2018 at 10:39 AM
Head PCB clip We recommend to print these parts with Hybrid.
Fri, 2 Feb, 2018 at 2:04 PM
To test the liability of your Bolt(Pro) please run one of the attached .gcodes (PLA or Flex) and send the support team a picture of the result. In the pic...
Mon, 5 Feb, 2018 at 10:58 AM


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Kids want Santa to bring them iPhones, iPads and iPod for Christmas: Apple, PlayStation and Xbox replace the dolls and toys!
And in other news Steve Jobs is trying long and hard to grow a long white beard and mustache, pot belly and is carrying a huge red bag with Apple logo on it as he tries to fit down the modern kitchen chimneys! Yes, he will give away the iPhones, iPads and iPods to kids for free in exchange for their parents' credit cards. Okay, so all this is not accurate reporting, but the fact that kids want the tech gadgets more than the Barbie Doll collection or action figures is indeed true.
In a survey conducted among 2,138 children, most wanted Apple products or the Xbox and PlayStation- in other words, it is all techy! And this is not just in case of the boys as even the girls would much rather prefer an iPad touch to the Barbie Collection. The popularity of Apple products seems to cut across age groups as well, but the closer you get to being a teen, the greater the lure of Apple.
With that said, parents must be really having a hard time pleasing their kids with the gifts they want for Christmas. Just the cost of each of those items and the survey seems to justify why Apple is speeding up shipping time in Holiday Season. Steve Jobs might not be happy with all the stick he gets around here, but he sure as hell will not mind one bit if Apple merchandise continues to move the way it is doing right now!


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A bill of at least a 100 million euros. That is the latest estimate for Ireland's pork recall.
The health scare has resulted in massive amounts of Irish products being pulled from European supermarket shelves.
The discovery of a harmful animal feed, fed to pigs in Ireland, also means around 100,000 animals will have to be culled.
Worth some 750 million euros, around 63 per cent of Ireland's pork ends up in the UK, which has received contaminated meat along with 11 other EU countries.
Nine non-EU states are also thought to have been sold the toxic pork.
Andreas Hensel from Germany's Federal Institute for Risk Assessment said: ''We're advising people to no longer eat Irish pork, as well as the products that have been produced from it. That doesn't mean not to eat all pork. All other origins are perfectly fine.''
Ireland took rapid action after lab tests detected cancer-causing dioxins at 80-200 times safe limits, contained in feed supplied by a food recycling plant based in the Irish Republic.


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Click here for more details about the 2020 Annual Meeting if you're already logged in as a member.
Held each spring, the Society's Annual Meeting provides a terrific opportunity for education, enrichment, networking among peers and policy development.
In addition to the House of Delegates (HOD)—the Society's primary policy-making body—the event also features a two-day educational conference, a networking reception and inaugural ceremony, awards presentations and the Wisconsin Medical Society Foundation's annual fundraising dinner and silent auction.
Delegates to the HOD are members of county medical societies, the Society's young physician and resident sections, medical student section and special and specialty sections who are elected to represent the interests of their respective groups on policy and other important issues. They also elect Directors, Nominating Committee members, Society officers and AMA Delegates and Alternate Delegates. In addition to serving as delegates, many Society members serve on Reference Committees and other HOD committees to consider and make recommendations to the HOD regarding resolutions, reports of officers, councils and committees and financial and other matters.
The 2020 Annual Meeting is April 17-19 at Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center in Madison.
2020 Key Dates
- Feb. 3—Deadline for Society members to submit resolutions for consideration by the HOD (To learn more about resolutions, click here.)
- Feb. 20—Virtual reference committees open online
- Feb. 23 to March 27—District and specialty caucus meetings
- March 17—Deadline to make room reservations at Hilton Madison.
- March 28—Reference Committees held at Society headquarters in Madison and via webinar.
- April 3—Reference Committee reports provided to delegates, alternate delegates and Society officers.
- April 15, 6 p.m.—Board of Director's meeting at Society headquarters, Madison.
- April 17-18—Conference: Navigating the Transition Zone: Adolescence through young adulthood, Monona Terrace, Madison
- April 17, 5 p.m.—Foundation Annual Dinner and Silent Auction
- April 18, 6:30 p.m.—President's Inauguration and Awards Ceremony
- April 19—House of Delegates
For more details about the 2020 Annual Meeting, click here if you're already logged in as a member.
If you need to log in, click here. (You will automatically be redirected to the Annual Meeting page after logging in.)


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I openly admit that I am not cryptocurrency millionaire. I'm not even a thousandaire at this point. But I have been able to grow a modest amount of "play money" in to a larger, though still modest amount of "play money." And in the process, I'm learning a lot about the so-called "cryptosphere," which I have discovered to be an exciting amalgam of unapologetic swashbuckling profiteers, blockchain apologists and their thralls, and anti-government conspiracy theorists. In short, the crypto community could be the most interesting group of people you have never heard of.
Wait, what is cryptocurrency?
You have probably heard of Bitcoin, which gained popularity in the mainstream after the darknet trading site Silk Road was very publicly shut down. Bitcoin, from the moment of its inception just over 10 years ago, was always intended as a "Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System," and it was this cash system that people used on Silk Road to pay for everything from drugs and stolen credit cards to much, much worse. Turns out that a cash system that is essentially untraceable and entirely independent of government control really does bring out the better angels of our nature, eh?
Anyway, while Bitcoin continues to be the juggernaut of the cryptocurrency market, it is by far not the only one. In the years since, a number of cryptocurrencies have been developed, from Litecoin and Stellar Lumens to Neo and Ethereum – not to mention thousands, literally thousands of other coins, that have been offered through ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings), often as crowdfunding certain blockchain tech projects or as incentives to distribute computing across a network.
I'm not sure I understand crypto but I want to make money.
Fun fact: you're probably in good company. Though cryptocurrency exchanges have existed for quite some time (c.f. Mt. Gox clustercuss), much of the attention on exchanges since the Fall of 2017 – when Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies ballooned to sometimes 500% of their mid-2017 values – has come from speculators. Sadly, 2018 proved brutal for the cryptosphere. Many currencies saw their value drop sometimes 90% from their peak. And of course, with so much of that money also went the blithe optimism and promise of gettin' rich quick. To be fair, a few people actually made quite a bit of money. For a while, Twitter was populated with people showing off their new cars (a Lambo on at least one occasion) or their confirmations of student loan payoffs. However, in any financial market, if there are big winners, there are lots and lots of losers. Most people lost some of their money, some lost most of their money, and a few lost everything.
A lot of the buzz has died down in the last twelve months, but now there are some who are suggesting that the bottom is in, and that the market is going to be turning around soon. Indeed, the last few weeks in the cryptosphere have been exciting, with double-digit daily gains on some coins, even if the outlook is still shaky. Underpinning all of this speculation is the notion that the technology is still evolving, and that we are just beginning to understand what the blockchain can do for society. This is where the technology wonks get to shine. If profiteers are focused on the squiggly line and technical analysis (much more to come later), then blockchain enthusiasts are the fundamental analysts making judgments about investing in crypto projects on the basis of their technological merit.
Mixed in to all of this are a third group, which I can only describe as the pro/anti group. Some are pro-privacy, anti-corporate, digital survivalists while others are kind of anti-regulation libertarians. A few are outright conspiracy theorists. But one thing they all have in common is the believe that cryptocurrencies are part of a cohesive plan to survive an eventual government-corporate takeover – or meltdown, depending on who you are talking with. Like the blockchain fans mentioned above, in the crypto market, these tend to be "hodlers"( an Internet-age uplift of the Reddit-first mispelling of "hold"), whose investment in crypto is long term, and not based on the fiat (dollar, euro, yen, pound) value of cryptocurrency at any given time. Indeed, some among this group believe fiat will eventually be worthless, and that the future belongs to those who invested early in the new global currency.
OK, I think the blockchain is interesting, and I have my doubts about the global regulatory and corporate superstructure. But right now, fiat works for me and I want to make make more of it.
Whatever your motivation, trading in cryptocurrencies has never been more accessible. Here are the steps I took to get into cryptocurrency trading, with my particular opinion on each:
- Buy or receive crypto. Search "buy cryptocurrency" and you'll find dozens and dozens of services that will take your money and give you cryptocurrency. Do your homework. I felt uncomfortable giving a lot of personal contact or financial information to a service that wasn't registered in the US (and therefore, reasonably regulated), so my options were somewhat limited. Your results may vary, but as is often bandied around in the cryptosphere – "do your own research (DYOR)."
- Set up an account with an exchange. If there are dozens of services that convert fiat into cryptocurrencies, there are hundreds of exchanges. Again, DYOR, as exchanges are often targets for hacking, including DDoS attacks, security breaches, and currency theft. Big names in this area include binance.com, bitfinex.com, pro.coinbase.com (formerly GDAX), gemini.com, bitmex.com, etc, etc. Personally I like to have accounts in a couple places, so DYOR!
- Transfer crypto to your exchange wallet. Each cryptocurrency will use a unique wallet hash, so create a wallet through your exchange. Go back to your other wallet and send the funds to the exchange wallet. NOTE: I strongly recommend having a layer or two between your credit card or banking information and your exchange. Like I said, exchanges have been hacked in the past. Also, by keeping your cryptocurrency and fiat funding between exchanges and other services (and by extension, out of your bank account), you may be able to avoid paying hefty capital gains taxes before you are ready to cash out.
Thanks, man. Now I'm ready!
Well, I suppose so… if you're ready to look at cryptocurrencies as fancy digital roulette, where your only bet is black or red (up or down, get it?), but that's a great way to lose a lot of money. In upcoming posts, I'll share some of the hard lessons I've learned around fundamental and technical analyses, taking profit and stopping losses, and leveraging my way into very small numbers. If you don't want to have a similar experience, do a LOT of research into trading, or just stay tuned, as I really hope I'll have something worthwhile to share soon!


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Since this is a blog posting, I am going to save space and not sugarcoat my critique. I also think it is important to note, that I am reading this book through the lens that it was a Go Big Read book. This text is supposed to "promote connections among students, faculty, staff, alumni, and the wider community", engage the community in academic discussions, create new learning experiences, and broaden views of the world.
In light of those lofty goals, Enrique's Journey, while a gripping read, was an intellectual disappointment. Nazario's journalistic approach is sensationalist to seemingly no end and a little voyeuristic. The theme of determination and love conquering all is a trite simplification of complex social and political forces informing migration practices.
Nazario's "fly on the wall" approach feeds into the already narrow view of immigration that exists in mainstream discourse. Yes, this approach allows for empathizing. However, what it fails to do is illustrate the systemic circumstances that produced the conditions for both Enrique and his mom's migration. Overall, as a reader, I was left with no tools to handle the empathy, anger, and frustration I felt while reading a harrowing story of the real-life near death encounters migrants make.
The idea that all you need is love and determination to succeed is naïve at best. How does love triumph over starvation? While Nazzario reported facts on unemployment and immigration numbers, they were not contextualized beyond statistics. I was left with a myriad of questions after reading this text: Why is the unemployment rate so high in Honduras? Why are women disproportionately affected? How do American foreign and economic policies contribute to migration patterns? What historic conditions produced such economic inequity in Honduras? Was there a military dictatorship? (If so, what was the US's role?) Why do so many women "abandon" their children? Why is a grandmother raising her grandchild not considered a legitimate family/kinship form? Looking at the gendered aspect of this, why is only the mother's love important?
What few answers Nazario does provide seem only to fall into the trope of the US being the saviors and progressive bastion to the backwardness of third world countries. This is clear in the general premise of the story, and Enrique's hope that life will be better in the US. However, Nazario's own language helps support the first world/third world dichotomy, inevitably placing the power in the hands of the first world. She writes, "Immigrants who return to their home countries also bring skills acquired while living in a more technologically advanced country… They bring lower levels of tolerance for corruption and stronger demands for democratic processes" (249). The problem with statements like these includes overgeneralization and an ivory tower lens of analysis. Instead of humanizing a struggle of immigration-related problems, Nazario totes a false sense of unity that just barely conceals an attitude that fits more appropriately with an exclusionary view of what immigrants provide toward American society. Nazario could, instead, have touted a view of seeing what people coming from foreign countries can provide to a theory of American intellect, culture, and society. This quote is just one small example of the classical, anti-foreign influence Go Big Read touts itself as standing against.
The logical conclusion of all this neoliberal hoopla is that all us rich, well-off northerners who now feel guilty about our privilege should just send our money to help all those poor folks with their backwards ideas. Obviously, sending money to border churches and other groups is noble and a valid use of funds. However, it will not solve the "problems of immigration" Nazario sought to brush over: childcare, education rights, food, access to potable water, etc. If you really have an issue with a child getting an education in this country because their family illegally migrated here for whatever reason, sending money is not going to help.
In my view, Nazario's text itself does little to provide anything more than a heart wrenching mainstream view of how horrible it is for all those non-Americans. My sarcasm aside, I think that the University should reconsider a stand-alone book with such a narrow view as a Go Big Read book. Supplements or any contextualization would have been appreciated. I am glad I was able to read this class in the context of an immigration course. I think it would have been quite useless otherwise. The most I can hope for is that the Go Big Read blog proves me wrong and people actual engage the text beyond itself.
Jessica Indresiano


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Do Siberian Huskies eat cats? Is Your Cat Safe?
Do Siberian Huskies eat cats? Well, this question is often asked by them who are interested to take care of a Siberian husky dog breed but they already keep a cat as well. Sometimes, it is indeed quite confusing by remembering that the dog tends to have predator instinct. To know more about this dog, here are some characteristics of Siberian husky.
It should not be alone
Siberian husky is a kind of social dogs and it is always being oriented to a group. Slightly, it seems that they always want a good friendship with people and other dogs. That's why, it is suggested to you not to leave the Siberian husky too long since it can be simply depressed. The depression version of this type of dogs is signed by howling continuously, trying to escape, and even damaging your things.
It loves people
There is a saying that Siberian husky is not suitable for guidance. Why? The reason is too cute anyway since it loves anyone. Even the thief that comes to your house must be treated well by this dog although it may still be barking. But there is something you should keep in mind; Siberian Husky loves to be cuddled by people; creatures that are bigger than them. It means that you must be careful when the dog faces the smaller animals including the cats.
It loves running
Although Siberian husky looks so melancholic with some characters that have been mentioned before, it is really active and powerful. Originally, this breed was often functioned to pull of the carriage. But then after decades, the transportation has been developed so rapidly, the dog is free for this duty. Consequently, it is now known as a nice and cute pet. Sure, this is not lessening the fact that Siberian husky is still powerful. Good evidence is that it is very active and love running. Just let them play by throwing a toy in a certain direction, this dog will happily bring it to you. Running is indeed something normal for dogs. But it gives troubles for other smaller animals like cat. Yes, those small animals can even be threatened with the presence of Siberian husky just because of this habit.
It keeps their things cautiously
Many Siberian husky don't like to share their toys, foods, and others. Okay, not all of them are like that but mostly they do. This is the problem when you have another pet at home. Particularly the cats, they really like to play anything, maybe, including the toy that is owned by your Siberian husky dog.
The predator instinct is so strong
Above all the matters mentioned above, Siberian husky is a truly predator. Yes, they are probably not as wild as wolf or something. But there is still an instinct in them to catch and prey smaller animals including your beloved cats. Other animals they may love to eat are chicken, rabbit, and even their friend, a smaller dog. Make sure that the dog is always under your monitor so that it doesn't have a chance to disturb other animals.
So, do the Siberian Huskies eat cats? The answer is yes, unless you train them!


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The second edition of our 341-Lan is part of history now. For a second time, in Lörrach, Baden-Wuerrtemberg, a great many players have met in order to decide who is the best in the games of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, League of Legends and Shootmania Storm.
In CS:GO, the Swiss team "Dräckigi Schwiizer Abschiess Elite" took home victory 2:0 over their German competitor "RAW-In.Da.But". Before that, the Swiss team had secured second place against the french team "Game Nxt Gen".
All Demos of the CS:GO tournament are available here.
In League of Legends, the victor was named "Hearts Fear" after advancing to the finals in an unfortunately exclusively German tournament. In an exciting finale, the first place was secured 2:1 against "Virgins in Boxershorts". Both teams had already played against each other in the first match with the same result. The Virgins in Boxershorts had continued via the Loserbracket to work their way up right back to the finale, while "Hearts Fear" managed to outclass their opponent in the winnerbracket finale "Trash on Lane".
In the 3v3 Elite tournament of Shootmania: Storm, the french Lineup of team "Arl" easily dispatched their enemies without even losing a single map. Without effort, they dominated their final opponent "Ismirlatte" with 3:0.
The team of the 341 desires to thank all participants and wishes all winners loads of fun with their prizes. We hope that the event has been as fun for you as it has been for us and we would love to see you again next year for the third 341 in Lörrach on 4.11. to 6.11.16.
The 341 Team.


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Summer stripes!
- Written by Dagbjört
- font size decrease font size increase font size
You may have noticed if you've past one or two shop windows recently, that one of the hottest Spring/Summer 2015 trends are stripes! No matter if vertical or horizontal, monochromatic or colorful, from head to toe or on separates, the striped pattern is everywhere this summer. I'm loving it and decided to make a little "Summer Stripes Wish List" to share with you all!
Casual Stripes by dagbjorteilif featuring platform shoes
Yellow fever by dagbjorteilif featuring cat sunglasses
Punk chic by dagbjorteilif featuring Rimmel
Stripes by dagbjorteilif featuring a drawstring backpack
Colorful Summer by dagbjorteilif featuring a kate spade backpack
The creative director & co-founder of Just Us. A 25 year old photographer obsessed with fashion, travel and how to live a healthy lifestyle.


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renaissance dental New England Journal of Medicine one of the most prestigious journals in the planet in deemed fluoride as a potent neurotic so it's slightly renaissance dental less toxic than Arc's arsenic but more toxic than live so it's way up there in the toxic scale Wow so yeah just let's just throw it.
o water in that and then have people take it for the rest of their life without ever monitoring you're following up and without informed consent because we never tell what people don't even know it was buried in their .
water that's what's so frightening to me is it seems to be almost happening but it's almost like it's trying to happen behind closed doors in a way it's not totally closed doors but it is very sort of subterfuge it's not publicized it's not really talked a little bit right should be should be you know I'm really you know I'd like to not that any mainstream news
media is watching my videos but if you do I'm gonna throw down the gauntlet for you and saying you know you guys need to do some actual investigative reporting here and not just well that's that's a huge request because media we probably get between maybe one to five or ten pro flurry pieces in .
the mainstream media so if you're out if you publicize ten to one it's pretty hard to combat yes I suppose that's true so we'll have to we'll have to rely on the grass one thing I'd like the touch runs is dose and dosage man that just briefly or but
I think that's an important point because particularly dentists and doctors should be looking at that and every time we ask the pro fluoridation is about dose or did you just say oh that's okay we were managing the concentration so it's not a concern so they lowered
the concentration of fluoride from one point two parts per million about a decade or two ago to one part per million than two point eight parts per million and now it's . parts per million trust us safe and effective one point two two point seven
that's about a % decrease of my mouth is okay and but it's always safe and effective at one point to know it's safe and effective at only point seven they're not pretty sure really what safe and effective does actually save an effective is zero yeah but dorsen dosage are important because say we have a hundred pound woman who's running marathon so she's drinking ten glasses of fluoridated water a day I'm sitting in my office knowing does


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As a reference point, a home with a 1,500 square foot roof releases approximately 1,000 gallons of water for every inch of rain that falls upon it. It is of critical importance to prevent this water from entering your home, which could damage your foundation or even flood your entire basement.
A properly installed and functioning gutter system serves the purpose of gathering the water and channeling it away from your home, thereby preventing possible water damage.
At Torri Gutters & Painting, our team of professionals have the experience and technology to effectively handle all types of gutter repair services. Some of our repair services include:


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Be alerted in real time whenever there's a hearing scheduled, related document, or a status update to a regulation you follow. Quorum pulls new data multiple times per day from sources including state and federal registers, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), regulations.gov, and more so that you stay connected all the way through the regulatory process.
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Spring Tree Care in Colorado
What steps can you take to make your trees healthy, safe and beautiful this Spring? A Noble Tree Company representative will come by and inspect your trees for any warning signs of disease or safety hazards as well as any structural problems that might exist. If we're able to identify any problems, A Noble Tree Company has the expertise and experience required to handle any and all of your specialized tree care needs. Some of the services we offer are tree pruning, tree cabling, tree removal and stump grinding. In addition, as it's Spring time in the Rockies, we'll happily plant new trees on your property professionally.
Spring Actions You Can Take:
- Get a FREE tree inspection by A Noble Tree Company!
- Tree pruning: Have your trees pruned for increased safety, beauty and optimum tree health
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Why Is Uk Album Chart Considered Underrated? | Uk Album Chart
Maner, U.K. alt-pop quartet Pale Waves makes its Billboard chart debut, aperture at No. 29 on Billboard's Emerging Artists blueprint (dated Sept. 29), as its first studio LP My Mind Makes Noises arrives at No. 1 on Heatseekers Albums with 3,000 copies sold, according to Nielsen Music.
The set additionally opens at No. 6 on Alternative Album Sales, No. 9 on Vinyl Albums and No. 39 on the all-genre Top Album Sales chart.
In the group's home country, Noises launches at No. 8 on the Official UK Albums chart.
The Emerging Artists blueprint ranks the best accepted developing artists of the week, application the aforementioned blueprint as the all-embracing Billboard Artisan 100, which measures artisan action beyond multiple Billboard charts, including the Billboard Hot 100, Billboard 200 and the Social 50. (The Artisan 100 lists the best accepted acts, overall, anniversary week.) However, the Emerging Artists blueprint excludes acts that accept alveolate a top 25 access on either the Hot 100 or Billboard 200, as able-bodied as artists that accept accomplished two or added top 10s on Billboard's "Hot" song brand archive and/or consumption-based "Top" album brand rankings.
Atop the Emerging Artists chart, Lauv logs his 13th absolute anniversary at the summit, as his advance hit "I Like Me Better" places at No. 34 on the Hot 100 (after
Why Is Uk Album Chart Considered Underrated? | Uk Album Chart – uk album chart
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Anyone who has moved abroad knows how hard it can be to get a network of friends in a new country. In an effort to help newcomers to the region feel at home, the provinces of Groningen and Friesland are each hosting an Welcome Day Internationals event. In Groningen this event takes place at October 5, 2018.
This is the second edition of the Welcome Day in Groningen, but this year marks the first time that Leeuwarden is hosting such an event. The province and city of Groningen have by far the most foreign inhabitants in the north – 25,218 altogether – but in 2017, there were 15,197 non-Dutch people living in Friesland. As those numbers steadily grow each year, the regional higher education and knowledge institutions, the municipalities of Leeuwarden and Groningen, the provinces of Groningen and Friesland, IWCN and Connect International want to give professionals who have moved to the region in the past year a chance to get to know their new home and their fellow internationals.
"International students have their own welcome ceremonies at their universities," says Karen Prowse of IWCN, "So we wanted to provide new international employees with a similar opportunity to meet each other and learn more about what the region has to offer."
Alderperson Joost van Keulen will give the opening remarks during the Groningen event on Friday the 5th of October at the Pathé cinema, followed by presentations and information courtesy of the International Welcome Center North (IWCN). At both Welcome Days, attendees will have the chance to mingle with other foreign newcomers living in the north during activities, including traditional Dutch games like gansbord and a quiz, and the after parties. For more info and registration, please click here.
Source: Connect International and Northern Times
Picture: IWCN