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The Prophet From Isaiah 48
Isaiah 48:14-16
Assemble, all of you, and listen!
Who among them has declared these things? Yahweh loves him.
He will perform his purpose on Babylon,
and his arm shall be against the Chaldeans.
I, even I, have spoken and called him; I have brought him,
and he will prosper in his way.
Draw near to me, hear this! From the beginning I have not spoken in secret;
from the time that it came to be, I was there.
And now Yahweh GOD sends me and his Spirit.
September 29, 2006
This prophecy is so unique, and so intimate, I feel I must describe my relationship to it.
One can see that there is the theme of a Guiding Spirit from God, a special relationship between a unique human personality, and Yahweh.
Late in 1967, after a series of discoveries about celestial affairs now surrounding our planet, and after recognition of a Great Planetary Judgment, I suddenly realized that God was residing in the Universe, and that he had a particular interest in this planet. That realization immediately led to a deep and unusual spiritual experience. For months I felt as though I walked with the angels. I saw the world as they saw the world, and I understood as they understood. For details see:
In 1970 I published a book I called God, Man, and the UFOs. While the book was being printed in the presses I was deep into study of biblical prophecy. One day, while perusing Isaiah, I ran across this passage. I looked at, then I looked at it again, and then I fell down on my knees, trembling before God.
I knew what it meant.
I had described a Great Babylon in my book, quoting Jeremiah 51, and John's Revelation 17 and 18. While I did not specifically mention the United States as that Great Babylon I gave necessary clues that any reader could understand this Babylon as the United States. I listed the praise of the whole earth, the nations shall no longer flow to her, fortify her heights with ABMs, and mounting up to heaven with her nuclear missiles.
In other words, this prophecy was not about ancient Babylon, but about a modern Babylon. Elsewhere I have listed the many particulars that show this Babylon is the United States. See
The symbolism is important because so many of the descriptive adjectives of the Babylon prophecies in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Revelation are amazingly predictive of this modern country.
More importantly, there was an intimate connection of a human personality to the unfolding of the Babylon prophecies. He would give warning to God's people.
In 1993 I wrote a paper in which I described my link to this prophecy. See:
At that time I felt I should make known my understanding of the allusions to a human being, and his declarations against Great Babylon.
With this background I shall now delve into the prophecy.
Analysis of the Prophecy
Invariably, the commentators will assign this short passage to the historical Cyrus. He is described in Isaiah 44:28 and in Isaiah 45. We know from the Dead Sea copy of Isaiah that the text as we have it is the same as that which Jesus knew. The passages referring to Cyrus appear to be authentic. Without getting into an evaluation of the timing of the Isaiah prophecy about Cyrus, whether before or after his appearance on the world scene, we must accept that the biblical historic passages were descriptive of his actions. He returned the Jews from ancient Babylon to their homes in and around Jerusalem. However, the language in Isaiah appears so flowery one could doubt the assignment.
But this does not transform all references to Babylon in the prophecies to that ancient country and city. We know from the Book of Revelation that prophecies about Babylon certainly could not refer to the ancient land. That is why so many interpreters have understood John's Babylon references as Rome. Since virtually all of the Babylon prophecies in Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Revelation refer to the United States we should understand this short passage in that light.
I turn now to an exposition of the individual phrases within the prophecy.
Assemble, all of you, and listen!
1. The people of modern Babylon are asked to come together and listen to this Prophet. These are not doubters and godless people, but people who are devoted to God. The implication is that you had better listen, otherwise you will pay a terrible price. Refer to my discussion on the Prophet of Deuteronomy.
Who among them has declared these things? Yahweh loves him.
2. Of all the prophets in the land who has declared such things? Who has so well described Great Babylon? This is the reason Yahweh loves this Servant. If God had openly explained all His symbolism there would be no need for an exercise in faith. This is the reason why this Prophet is so prominent in God's mind, and in His plans. The Prophet works by faith. He teaches by faith. And he exhorts God's people to listen by faith.
He will perform his purpose on Babylon.
3. The Prophet will exercise his purpose on Babylon, and hence God's purpose on this land of many tongues. The tenses of the verbs and the structure of the phrasing do not permit one to distinguish between the purpose of the Prophet and the purpose of God. We cannot separate the meaning of the personal pronouns. He and His may refer to either the Prophet or to God.
His arm shall be against the Chaldeans.
4. Since this is an emphatic assignment of purpose, the Prophet, or God, will have his strength, denoted by his arm, against the Chaldeans. The inhabitants of that land will not be able to defeat the purpose of God in the exposition of the prophecy. He, the Prophet or God, will express the Will of God against this godless land.
I, even I, have spoken and called him; I have brought him.
5. Repetition of the first person pronoun, I, even I, shows the emphasis on the hand of God in bringing this Prophet. God's power will do it. God is the one who has spoken these things, in all of the prophecies. God is the one who has called this Prophet. No one else, no pretender, has called him. God is the one who has the power to bring the Prophet, no one else, no pretender.
He will prosper in his way.
6. Here the pronouns are clear. The Prophet will accomplish the purpose of God. He will bring the voice of God. Amid all the gross confusion of manmade theology, all the foolish notions of the generations, the Prophet now will bring the call of God to God's people. He will prosper.
Draw near to me, hear this!
7. Again the pronouns are clear. This is God speaking. Let your hearts draw near to God and to the Prophet. Listen to Him.
From the beginning I have not spoken in secret.
8. God has never spoken in secret. From the times of Moses He warned His people of the consequences of their actions if they did not obey Him. But the masses did not understand because their hearts were not tuned to God.
From the time that it came to be, I was there.
9. God is not some time-bound personality who is limited by the processes of the Universe. He knows all time. He can bring His power to bear on any moment of time. He is continually present in all moments of time. He is there, at all times, and whenever His people call upon Him he can hear their appeals.
And now Yahweh GOD sends me and his Spirit.
10. We come now to a very important change in expression. Up to this point God is speaking. Now the Prophet speaks. He has a commission from God. God sends him. But He does more than send the Prophet; He sends His Spirit.
The structure of the remark does not permit us to separate whether God sends both the Prophet and his Spirit, or if God and the Spirit both send the Prophet.
The Septuagint translates the text this way:
We can see the important difference. If both God and his Spirit send the Prophet then we do not see the Spirit working directly with God's people. But if God sends both the Prophet and his Spirit it means that the Spirit of God reaches out to God's people and is available to them. This is the sense immediately apparent from the original statement, and the one that has the greatest import. God's people can receive God's Spirit just as well as the Prophet.
Plainly, this is a statement of the Spirit of God moving with his people. He does not openly speak to them in human language. The human agent is the vehicle by which God comes to them.
On the other hand, we can ask, would God send his Spirit without the human agent? Why would God use the human agent to bring His Spirit? Why would such a trigger be needed? This wrapping up of God, His Spirit, and the Prophet shows that all are intimately intermixed for the benefit of God's people, to help them with their decisions.
These are Faith-Decisions.
This is the method by which God brings salvation to His people, and to His world.


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Scandal Review: The Devil In DisguiseMiranda Wicker at . Updated at .
If there were a way to emoji my face while watching tonight's Scandal season 3 finale, it would look something like this: O_O
Except bigger. And bolder. And more OH EM GEE didyouseethat?
Scandal Season 3 Episode 18 delivered one shock after another, as the blows were lobbied back and forth with Papa Pope, the Devil in disguise himself, eventually getting everything he ever wanted and then some, earning the title of Monster.
Papa Pope is an evil genius and somebody better give Joe Morton an Emmy! Holy hell, what a ride!
Sure, he gave his daughter what she wanted - Fitz in office again, unharmed - but there certainly was a price to pay. He killed Fitz' son to make it happen!
Rowan Pope killed an innocent child! All so Fitz would win the election!
And we thought Cyrus Beene was a soulless animal. At least Cyrus recognizes and sort of seems to hate the fact that he's become this person, telling Leo Bergen that fighting to keep his soul intact is a worthy cause, even if he'll lose his soul to gain the world no matter what he tries.
Rowan Pope is the epitome of the character you love to hate. He's devious yet devoted and will stop at absolutely nothing to get exactly what he wants. What he wanted was Olivia Pope out of the country, starting a new somewhere that is not Washington D.C.
He said as much during Scandal Season 3 Episode 1 when he tried to put Olivia on a plane with a new passport and a bank account, promising to take care of her people. She wasn't having it then, but after making a few realizations about herself, starting over didn't sound like such a bad idea.
It's me. I'm the thing that needs to be fixed. I'm the thing that needs to be handled. I'm the scandal. And the best way to deal with a scandal is to shut it down.Olivia
Abby accused Olivia of running away, but Huck understood her. He gets why she would want to start a new life. Jake gets it. That's probably why she took Jake with her when she ran.
Oh yes, Jake fans. He's on a plane with Olivia right now ready to go and stand in the sun with her wherever that plane lands. I don't for one hot minute think they'll actually be anything like happy for any great length of time, but for now, she's chosen Jake.
But it's not like she had much of a choice.
In the wake of the church bombing, as Sally soared in the polls with her Mother Teresa shtick, Fitz looked toward his future with Liv. He seemed excited by the prospect of losing the election because losing meant Vermont. It meant jam. And two little Olitz babies playing on the rug.
Mellie, he said, didn't matter to him. He believed that she'd only used him for the ways hitching her wagon to his star would work to her own advantage. Olivia told him the truth.
People are undoubtedly going to be outraged that Olivia told Fitz the truth about Mellie's rape, and to a certain extent, I get it. It wasn't her truth to tell. She was given Mellie's trust and she broke it. (I won't even venture into the "Mellie should've told him herself" argument.)
What's important about Olivia telling Fitz the truth about Big Jerry and Mellie, from a storytelling standpoint, is that she knew she would lose him when she uttered the words. Or she at least believed it was a distinct possibility.
Maybe there was a part of her practicing self-sabotage there. Like she can't let herself be happy, or dwell in the possibility of happiness. Maybe she saw a scorned and broken Mellie and recognized her own part in that and decided that telling, even if it meant losing any shred of respect Mellie had left for her, was worth it.
Whatever the reason, magic happened on Tony Goldwyn's face as Fitz realized that the last 15 years of his marriage--and his reasons for pursuing a relationship with Olivia--had been based on a lie. And not just any lie. It was a lie born of great pain and trauma.
Mellie's "I fought him...I...fought..." was just perfect.
She's carried the weight of that for over a decade, not sure anyone would believe her and eventually telling herself that it didn't matter. It wasn't important. She didn't just give up a career for Fitz. She had her own body taken from her.
And now she's lost her son, the one she anguished over because he was a reminder of that moment where everything in her life changed, shifting slightly off-balance and spiraling over the course of a decade.
All because of Olivia Pope.
For what it's worth, I, me, the writer of this review, do not blame Olivia Pope for the tearing apart of everyone's lives. But Olivia blames herself and that's really what matters as we look ahead to Scandal season 4, and there was plenty of setup for that in tonight's finale.
Charlie's parting gift to Huck and Quinn for their relationship is Huck's family. His real family. The one who thought he died when he went into the hole. Charlie was vindictive in handing over the information knowing that its mere existence would drive a wedge between Huck and Quinn, but Quinn believed that Huck deserved to know that his family was safe and alive and happy. What he chose to do with that information was really up to him.
In the end, he knocked on his wife's door and just gave a simple "hi."
Unless Shonda Rhimes decides that Columbus Short's real-life scandal earns him an on-screen death sentence, Harrison's getting sucked into B613.
He's the one who connected the dots that Rowan Pope was responsible for the death of Fitz' son and that the only reason Adnan Salif was shot was so Harrison would talk all because Rowan gets what Rowan wants.
And what he wanted was Maya Pope in the hole and his daughter far, far away.
But what he doesn't yet know, probably, is that David Rosen ordered a lot of paper. Before boarding the plane with Liv, Jake sent David every file he could find so that David can take down the bad guys.
He is, after all, the white hat.
What did you think of Scandal Season 3 Episode 18? Were you shocked that Rowan Pope killed Fitz' son, and by his reason for doing so? Grade the Scandal finale now!
Miranda Wicker is a Staff Writer for TV Fanatic. Follow her on Twitter.


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ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH, JR., served in the Office of Net Assessment from 1989 to 1993. He is a co-author, with Barry D. Watts, of The Last Warrior: Andrew Marshall and the Shaping of Modern American Defense Strategy [1].
Andrew Walter Marshall, a former strategist at the RAND Corporation who served as head of the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment from its founding in 1973 until his retirement in 2015, died last month at the age of 97. Despite his aversion to publicity and the innocuous title of the office he led, Marshall stands among the most consistent and perceptive contributors to U.S. national security and defense strategy since the United States emerged as a global power nearly 80 years ago. Marshall's innovative work on how to plan for long, open-ended conflicts was, like its creator, a product of the Cold War, but its value persists. Today's Pentagon no longer has to keep pace with Soviet Russia, but Marshall's insights into the fundamental drivers and measures of military power will continue to serve Washington well as it enters a new age of high-tech warfare and confronts rising revisionist powers such as China.
During his decades-long tenure at the Pentagon, Marshall became known in defense circles as Yoda, after the Star Wars character famous for his short, cryptic comments and his special understanding of the Force, a kind of metaphysical power. Although Marshall was no fan of the comparison, it had some merit. He was indeed a man of very few words. And he was best known for developing a strategic planning methodology—net assessment—that was so difficult to grasp that many simply defined it as "what Andy Marshall does."
Marshall's career began at the RAND Corporation in the late 1940s, a time when intellectual titans such as the Cold War theorists Herman Kahn and Albert Wohlstetter were walking the think tank's halls and wrestling with the conundrums of the infant nuclear age. Even in this august group, one colleague described Marshall as "first among equals." At RAND, Marshall questioned the assumption, common at the time, that states made decisions just like a rational, value-maximizing individual would. Working with his colleague Joseph Loftus, he argued that governments
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Last-Warrior-Marshall-American-Strategy/dp/0465030009


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Goose Island Bourbon County Stout – Coffee
Goose Island Beer Co. | Illinois, United States
Imperial Stout aged with Coffee.
First bottle release seen in Spring 2010 as "Bourbon County Coffee Stout".
Also available previous years at the brewpub as "Black Cat Bourbon County Stout"
2010 Bottling: Intelligentsia Black Cat
2010 Draft: Intelligentsia Bosque Lya
2011 Draft: Intelligentsia Honey Badger
2011 Draft: Intelligentsia Edelweiss
2011 Bottling: Intelligentsia Anjilanaka
2012 Bottling: Intelligentsia La Tortuga


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Important: MWL Div1 Race 1 Address
Please note the venue for the St Albans Striders-hosted Division 1 race on Tuesday 17th May is different to the location used for races that we have previously been involved in.
The new location's address is as follows:
Highfield Park
Highfield Lane
St Albans
Please make sure you update any SatNav address you may have for the St Albans MWL race.
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|Check out Alexandra in the news! See the below links for interviews and articles on the campaign http://goo.gl/iEFbPD
|The election will be here before you know it- check here to verify your registration, or for information on how to register if you'll be a first-time voter this year. There's no better time than now to stake your claim to a voice in our electoral process! http://www.elections.il.gov/votinginformation/register.aspxVoter Registrationwww.elections.il.gov
|Thank you Niles & Northfield GOP Township for the endorsement. #teamliberty
|Join the effort to elect Carol Ammons as State Representative at a fundraiser this weekend! > Saturday, January 25, 11 am-1 pm >> At the home of Bernadine Stake, 304 W. Iowa, Urbana >>> All levels of donations are welcome! Talk to Carol, pick up a yard sign, meet other supporters, and help bring the positive change we need to Springfield!
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|Rally last night with strong support! Moving forward. Meeting Sunday 2pm to deploy further efforts. Interested in getting involved? Sign up athttp://arthurlukowski.org/
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|.@CitizenActionIL has been leading the progressive charge for 20 years. I am honored to have their endorsement. #twill
|Congratulations @rosenberg103 http://www.citizenaction-il.org/node/417
|Cold, but sunny. Great day to be out knocking on doors and meeting voters!
|Fundraiser for Carol Ammons at the home of Bernadine Stake. What a fantastic show of support from a truly progressive community in Urbana! Thanks to all who came and to all who donated.
|Thanks! We're so proud. Progressives standing together! "@CitizenActionIL: CitizenActionIL endorsed .@WillGuzzardi today. Congratulations!"
|SPRINGFIELD – State revenue from casino gambling is down in the first six months of the fiscal year, and the casino industry is pointing a finger at …
|ABC7Chicago.comBill would dedicate highway to Pontiac officerWANDThe measure is sponsored by Sen. Jason Barickman, a Bloomington Republican. He says he wanted to make sure Kohlmeier was recognized by state government. If it's approved, the stretch of I-55 from Exit 197 to 202 would be dedicated to Kohlmeier.Highway dedication proposed for fallen Pontiac officerStretch of I-55 Could Honor Fallen Of
|Illinois gov. issues proclamation honoring Korematsu, Asian-American civil …Daily JournalSPRINGFIELD, Illinois — Gov. Pat Quinn is declaring Jan. 30 as "Fred Korematsu (kor-eh-MAHT'-soo) Day" across Illinois. The proclamation makes Illinois the fourth state in the nation to have a day honoring the Asian-American civil rights activist …
|State AGs fight against Internet gamblingThe Hill (blog)At least 10 state attorneys general have signed onto a letter to congressional leaders and the House and Senate Judiciary committees asking Congress to keep online gaming illegal, according to people familiar with the lobbying effort. ADVERTISEMENT …
|Dillard wins backing of New Trier GOPSkokie ReviewRauner, who was joined by Republican opponents Kirk Dillard, Bill Brady and lieutenant governor candidate Steve Kim filling in for Dan Rutherford, received some sharp criticism from Dillard during the two-and-a-half-hour event held at the Wilmette Park …
|Show your support for a Governor #ForAlllOfIllinois and vote for us in http://MyWebTimes.com online poll. http://www.mywebtimes.com/were-illinois-primary-election-held-today-who-would-receive-your/poll_d10b7714-8532-11e3-a1fe-001a4bcf6878.html …
|In Chinatown @ #Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Assn. of #Chicago Sr. lunch service.Huge Support. #twill #ILGOV2014 pic.twitter.com/vrU0Ckq3HD
|It hasn't snowed any more, but it seems it's time to shovel the front sidewalk again #coldwindblowin pic.twitter.com/P0hwN6EvNt
|All posts, comments and statements made on IR are those of the authors only. Any disputes must be addressed to the writers, who are solely responsible for their posts, comments and statements.
|Honored with endorsement of New Trier GOP organization, receiving 71.2% of vote over Jim Oberweis.
|Good conversation over lunch with the Illinois Board of Higher Education Student Advisory Committee. http://fb.me/32gClWMDl
|After early morning stops in #Wilmette and #Northfield Township, I took my daughters to Portillos for lunch before tonight's events.
|@RepBerrios thanks Rep! Keep up the great work in the 39th!
|Cold again – and the weather folks say there's more to come. While I do not use the train as often as I had in… http://fb.me/3vv8zHpOW
|Ready to #MakeILWorkAgain? Vote for the Dillard Tracy team in the new Times web poll! http://goo.gl/phhBKw #ilgov
|FYI it should be possible to chivalrously (if ideologically misguidedly) defend an ex-spouse without going Godwin: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304549504579316913982034286 …
|What's the Story with Keith Matune And His Criminal Record? http://goo.gl/fb/tcJYe
|Congresswoman Cheri Bustos' (@RepCheri) Guest to the State of the Union Address is… http://wqad.com/2014/01/25/local-woman-going-to-presidents-state-of-the-union-address/ … #WQAD
|New bill seeks fairness in disaster fundingPeoria Journal StarThe Fairness in Federal Disaster Declarations Act of 2014 — introduced by Bustos; Aaron Schock, R-Peoria; Adam Kinzinger, R-Channahon; Rodney Davis, R-Taylorville; John Shimkus, R-Collinsville; and Bill Enyart, D-Belleville — would prioritize the …
|FROM THE STATEHOUSE: Some Illinois lawmakers are proposing a switch from the state's current flat income tax rate to a progressive system. The idea is that people who make more money would pay a higher percentage in taxes. What do you think of the proposal? Progressive Income Tax May Be Gaining Momentumwics.comThis spring, Gov. Pat Quinn and the Illinois General Assembly have to craft a budget tha
|30 as "Fred Korematsu (kor-eh-MAHT'-soo) Day" across Illinois. The proclamation makes Illinois the fourth state in the nation to have a day honoring …
|ELMHURST – Illinois House Republican leader Jim Durkin will speak at Elmhurst College next month as part of an ongoing lecture series about "Fixing Illinois."
|Cook County saved $250,000 in the first year of a car-sharing program that downsized its vehicle fleet — http://bit.ly/1hSxubM
|Illinois will be cracking down on commercial drivers who do not have a medical card on hand. http://www.wgem.com/story/24542565/2014/01/24/time-is-running-out-for-cdl-drivers-to-comply-with-new-federal-regulation …
|Chuck Sweeny explores why a do-gooder was banned from Freeport Housing Authority property.Chuck Sweeny: Freeport do-gooder John Flood annoys the bureaucracywww.journalstandard.comWho is John Flood?And why is he banned from trespassing on the taxpayer-owned property of the Freeport Housing Authority?Flood, 79, is a white guy who lives in a mobile-home park in Freeport. He likes to help poor people,
|Thank you Northfield Township Republican Organization for the endorsement.
|Casino revenue drops while video gambling in bars rapidly rises: Video gambling at bars, truck stops and other… http://bit.ly/1hxEQ3I
|Stopping in the 16th ward to say hello. Good to back in #Englewood. #Chicago #twill pic.twitter.com/yMwgv6tY1l
|After early morning stops in #Wilmette and #Northfield Township, I took my daughters to Portillos for lunch before tonight's events.
|Good conversation over lunch with the Illinois Board of Higher Education Student Advisory Committee. http://fb.me/32gClWMDl
|Please welcome Marley Joyce Welch to this world. She weighed in at 6lbs even. Mommy and baby and well. pic.twitter.com/cExIlvoZFi
|Cook County saved $250,000 in the first year of a car-sharing program that downsized its vehicle fleet — http://bit.ly/1g8XHWk
|CHICAGO (AP) — Retrials of cases from the era of Abraham Lincoln have helped raise money to conserve rare maps and photographs, including of early Illinois Supreme Court justices. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum says three such …
|I want to welcome you the reader, to my first column. My goal is to write a column that addresses real issues and timely topics but also brings you a different view, some insight, and a rare glimpse of state government. My name is Natalie Manley …
|A southern Illinois school district is weighing its options after an activist group has threatened to sue if prayers offered at graduation ceremonies aren't halted.The (Carbondale) Southern Illinoisan
Northfield Township Republicans met this morning for our endorsement session. A candidate needs 2/3rds of those present and voting to be endorsed. In the primary race for IL Governor, we have endorsed Bruce Rauner! The vote was as follows: Rauner 71.4% Dillard 14.3% Brady 8.2% Rutherford 6.1% Congratulations to Mr. Rauner and thank you to all of the candidates for joining us this morning!
Howdy. Hope you're enjoying your weekend. I wanted to give you a quick update on the petition I posted a few weeks back. As you may remember, I was circulating a petition calling on the Illinois legislators to divest the state of any investments where there is also gun industry money involved. Over 100 people signed the petition, which has been delivered in Springfield. Currently, those who signed the petition are making phone calls to Dan Rutherford, the IL State Treasurer. (please feel free to call him if you would like to help – 217.785.6998 or 312.814.1700) He is responsible for overseeing the State's investments. The goal of the phone calls is to put enough pressure on Rutherford to come out publicly in favor of divestiture. At the same time, a copy of the petition (with signatures) being sent to many news organizations throughout Illinois. We want to build the pressure until Rutherford finally goes public with his support of divestiture.. Our fight to take the country back from the NRA's money will not be won by any one thing. This is a process that will take some time. Divestiture is just one strategy that will hopefully move us closer to our goal. Don't ever forget that organized people can overcome organized money. At a minimum, we owe this to our kids and the generations that will follow.
|As high-speed rail improvements continue between Chicago and St. Louis, State Treasurer Dan Rutherford says pushing the project would not be at the top of his priority list if he is elected governor. (AKath/flickr)
|Love this picture! Congrats to the Downers Grove South and North dance teams which BOTH qualified for State!… http://fb.me/2UKmtSyVB
|We've got a big Sunday Spin this week. We'll recap the news out of Washington heading into Tuesday's State of the… http://fb.me/1fVqQetgr
|Speaking at the @CitizenActionIL endorsement session this morning. Good to see so many friends in the room. #twill pic.twitter.com/5bFZ3fXNKq
|Stopping in the 16th ward to say hello. Good to back in #Englewood. #Chicago #twill pic.twitter.com/yMwgv6tY1l
|Great morning. Stops in Schaumburg, Willmette, Northbrook and Lake Forest. Every one fired up and ready to shake up Springfield.
|Come join us at Kiki's coffee shop in Anna for a meet and greet starting at 12:30. We have cookies and coffee! pic.twitter.com/YdgPKUquOH
|I love films but not at the expense of IL "@ILOpportunity Illinois should give up on cronyism like film tax credits. http://bit.ly/M0GNfb "
|Swearing in the newest officers of the Democratic Women of DuPage County.
|Sheila speaking at the Democratic Women of DuPage County's annual meeting and brunch.
|Stopping in the 16th ward to say hello. Good to back in #Englewood. #Chicago #twill pic.twitter.com/yMwgv6tY1l
|Come join us at Kiki's coffee shop in Anna for a meet and greet starting at 12:30. We have cookies and coffee! pic.twitter.com/YdgPKUquOH
|A cool picture of community. Downers Grove South and North dance teams BOTH qualified to go to State today! South… http://fb.me/2PSBX2tg2
|Love this picture! Congrats to the Downers Grove South and North dance teams which BOTH qualified for State!… http://fb.me/2UKmtSyVB
|CHICAGO (STMW) – Drivers will officially be ticketed beginning Saturday if they're caught speeding by traffic cameras near Prosser Career Academy High School in the Northwest Side Belmont Cragin neighborhood. The three cameras–located at 5509 W. Fullerton Ave, 5446 W. Fullerton Ave. and 5440 W. Grand Ave–are placed in a "Children's Safety Zone," or a city-designated area one-eighth of a mile from
|Kadner: Former 'outlaw' runs for Chicago seatSouthtownStarKadner: Former 'outlaw' runs for Chicago seat. By Phil Kadner email@example.com January 24, 2014 10:30PM. Brian Hopkins | Supplied Photo. storyidforme: 61081018 tmspicid: 22116563 fileheaderid: 10484878 …
|CapitolView | 1/24/14 | WSEC-TV/PBS Springfield Host, Bernie Schoenburg (State Journal-Register), and guests Chris Mooney (UIS) and Charlie Wheeler (UIS) discuss the GOP race for governor, including Bruce … From: NetworkKnowledge Views: 0 0 ratings Time: 27:00 More in News & Politics
|ROCKFORD — The Rockford Register Star will sponsor a career fair from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday at the Tebala Shrine Temple, 7910 Newburg …
|If you like your plan, you can keep your plan. President Obama, please keep your plan – to yourself. # Obamacaredisaster
|What Americans want is the opportunity to pursue and demand excellent healthcare, not socialized medicine run by a bloated government.
|Great turnout on a cold Saturday for the Naperville Township Republican Organization meeting this morning! pic.twitter.com/RzQ2KvAvKN
|I love films but not at the expense of IL "@ILOpportunity Illinois should give up on cronyism like film tax credits. http://bit.ly/M0GNfb "
|Source: Bulls' Derrick Rose will be ready for Team USAChicago Sun-TimesAdvertisement · CHICAGO SUN-TIMES · Send Feedback · Contact Us · About Us · Advertise with Us · Text Alerts · Newsletters · Subscribe · Reader Services · Today's Paper · Licensing · Reprints. Company. Terms · Privacy · Submissions · FAQ. Express Links.
|Rebecca + Kenia, two of the amazing women out talking to voters across the district today with #WomenForWill!
|Thank you to our awesome #chambana team of volunteers who braved the weather for yard sign day! #allin
|New legislation introduced last week. http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Rep-Berrios-Introduces-Bill-to-Send-Surplus-TIF-Funds-to-CPS-241845651.html …
|Craig Isbell landed plane on frozen Lake Springfield near beach house, Jan 1940. A lucky few got rides. #spihistory pic.twitter.com/eDvATg6deg
|As new push begins to add casinos in Illinois, gov candidates lukewarm on plan: http://bit.ly/1f17PLq #twill from@AP
|We covered a lot of ground on this week's Week In Review, give it a listen and join the conversationWDCB Week In Review 01/25/14The executive director of the DuPage Mayors and Managers Conference joins us to talk abou the group's 2014 legislative priorities. Benedictine Univ…
|Although the Congressional Budget Office estimated 14 million previously uninsured Americans would have coverage under Obamacare for 2014, it may end up being less than a million. Healthcare rates are not only rising by thousands of dollars a year for many Americans, but more than five million Americans have had to cancel their plans due to Obamacare. It is time to repeal Obamacare and replace w
|The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago may have been my dirtiest Undercover Congressman ever. Drawing sludge out of tanks, operating trains and dumping treated solids from railroad cars. All in a day's work! Many of us take our water for granted but thankfully the folks at MWRD are working hard "behind-the-pipes" treating our water to meet the highest standards po
|Spoke at the Schaumburg Twp Republican Organization morning meeting.
|Plenty of slick roads out there this morning. We're working to clear them for you. http://wrc.gettingaroundillinois.com/pages/wrc.htm #ilwx pic.twitter.com/JHgubMFwG9
|Metra warns delays Monday because of the predicted cold weather. Mass transit has a hearing that day regarding delays last cold snap. Irony?
|Today is the day. Our little girl will be here soon. Pray for baby and mom.
|New legislation introduced last week. http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/Rep-Berrios-Introduces-Bill-to-Send-Surplus-TIF-Funds-to-CPS-241845651.html …
|.@CityofEvanston is well-represented @NWMCLegislative breakfast: State Sen @danielbiss, Reps @RobynGabel, Laura Fine.
|Would have loved to have twitter back in the Kenny-yells-at-fans Soxfest period.
|What you need to know about the Tax Tribunal. http://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/x/288528/tax+authorities/Illinois+Independent+Tax+Tribunal+What+You+Need+To+Know+NOW …
|Good grief. It's like an 09 GOP town hall. "@JenLada: Fan asks Hahn question "why isn't AJ still our catcher?" Room erupts in cheers."
|Speaking at the @CitizenActionIL endorsement session this morning. Good to see so many friends in the room. #twill pic.twitter.com/5bFZ3fXNKq
|Head*to*desk "@JenLada: are you prepared to tell your audience that Hahn & Co. have kicked the butts of the Cubs this offseason? Hawk: Who?"
|NEWS FROM THE IL HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES: On January 1, 2014 legislation I sponsored took effect in an effort to crack down on motorists who endanger the safety of children by illegally driving around stopped school buses. For the full press release please visit jayhoffman.com Jay Hoffman jayhoffman.comDescription
|Commit to change in Springfield. Sign the petition –>http://dillardtracy.com/defeatpatquinn/
|Thank you to everyone who came out to help, and show support for my re-election campaign today.
|My View: Job creating manufacturing policy neededRockford Register StarIllinois, home to a proud manufacturing tradition, had 877,000 of these jobs 14 years ago. Today, 576,000 remain. … First: Guarantee enough new infrastructure investment to repair and upgrade our roads, bridges, ports, and energy grid. Second: Ensure …
|Illinois' move would violate workers' rightsThe TennesseanOn Tuesday, the Supreme Court will hear arguments about whether the Illinois government's policy of herding home-care workers into unions violates the workers' First Amendment rights. It does. Because organized labor's presence in the private sector …
|Ill. hospital visitors limited because of fluThe StateThe (Bloomington) Pantagraph reports that Illinois Department of Public Health statistics indicate that 450 people have been admitted to intensive care units with flu this season. Thirty-seven have died. The paper reports hospitals in Lincoln and …
|Toni Preckwinkle says #OakPark's Grove Apartments has created a "portfolio of affordable housing across its community" http://oakpark.suntimes.com/news/grove-OAK-01302014:articlePreckwinkle praises Oak Park affordable housing complexoakpark.suntimes.comOak Park's Grove Apartments has successfully created a "portfolio of affordable housing across its community," Cook County Board Presiden
|WONDER Y PEOPLE MOVE OUT OF IL?; Illinois Democrats Are Planning to Raise Income Taxes on the Middle Class « http://www.publiusforum.com/2014/01/24/illinois-democrats-planning-raise-income-taxes-middle-class/ …
|Lawmaker Seeks "Energy Emergency" Declaration http://wmay.com/wmay-news/86761
|NW Herald: Our View: More than ready for springtime http://bit.ly/1ix56Pv
|I work hard to ensure that others succeed and have access to needed resources. #WomenInCongress #SmallBusiness #AlFor4thGerry
|TPP must be stopped–at least until we've done a lot more questioning! This agreement will start true Oligarchy & kill many more Amer jobs!
|Great to be back at the gym after a week layoff. My body disagrees. (at @LAFitness) http://4sq.com/L1lZmX
|I've been asked to share this information with all of you — please forward on to your family and friends. Bureau of Detectives – Area North Community Alert regarding Residential Burglaries in the 14th District (Shakespeare) About the Crime: This alert gives notice to citizens residing in the 014th district (Shakespeare) on Beats# 1411, 1412, 1413 and 1414 of a recent increase in Burglary relate
|Busy busy day today! Pancakes this morning at Epworth United Methodist Church in Mt. Vernon then biscuits and gravy at Bluford Ruritan Club. Now On to Anna for a stop at Kiki's Cafe at Noon. See if you can keep up with me today! Two more stops after these.
|Have you considered moving out of Illinois? Do you know someone who has left Illinois? "In short, Illinois stands out from its neighbors as the state doing the least to create opportunity for its citizens through common-sense economic reform." The reforms are common sense, but we need to put people in office who will advocate and vote to make those changes. I will!Illinoisans flee the state for n
|This morning in Wilmette to speak to members of the Niles, New Trier and Evanston township republican organizations. Here is Dan Patlak kicking off the event.
|Spoke at the #Schaumburg Twp Republican Organization morning meeting. #ILGOV2014 #GOP #twill pic.twitter.com/HEnTcHqE1y
|Through Public Act 97-1129, Illinois established the Independent Tax Tribunal (the "Tax Tribunal") to largely replace the system of administrative …
|Irreplaceable Illinois maps and photographs are being preserved for … partnered with the Illinois State Board of Education, the Theatre School at …
|BRAIDWOOD – State Rep. John Anthony, R-Morris, and House Republican Leader Jim Durkin, R-Western Springs, joined representatives from the …
|SPRINGFIELD — Former Carbondale Mayor Brad Cole has been appointed to a $47,000 per year part-time position by Gov. Pat Quinn. Cole …


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Getting greener, more beautiful grass doesn't have to be a source of frustration. In fact, with lawn services from Lawn Doctor of Haverhill-Beverly, we make it easy to achieve healthier soil, thicker turf, bolder color, and a yard with fewer weeds and pests. It's why so many homeowners from Beverly, Haverhill, Gloucester, Ipswich, and other North Shore and Merrimack Valley, MA areas rely on us for the best in local lawn services. With Lawn Doctor of Haverhill-Beverly, you'll see the difference in your yard.
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You cannot have a menu without a menu. This is not supported and will not be supported in the future. Please reconsider your UI design.
You can use extended characters. I've even used Chinese in the menue. Try using the XML entities and or the escaped js string format "\u00A0"


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I was born and raised in Florida and love all this great state has to offer. I have been licensed as a full time Realtor since 2004 and have a Master's degree from Florida International University. As a wife and mom to 3 darling girls, I know how important the right home can be. I also love working with others to achieve their real estate goals whether it's their dream home, investment property, or second home.


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Subhash Browser & Feed Reader and TweetsToRSS for Android updated – v2018.04.29
Subhash Browser & Feed Reader v2018.04.29
The search function failed to find deleted articles. It also was I think unable to find articles where the search term appeared in the beginning of the title. Both bugs have been fixed.
TweetsToRSS v2018.04.29
As mentioned in the "Planned Obsolescence causes "This page requires some information that was not provided. Please …" article, TweetsToRSS for Android has been updated to accept Twit.bin files from the desktop version.


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Nasty Gal is set to open its first retail location in the UK in the form of a pop-up shop during November.
The 2,740 sq ft retail until at 3 Carnaby Street will showcase the Nasty Gal new Studio collection as well as clothing and accessories from the autumn range.
Customers shopping at the pop-up can try on clothing and order products to pick up in-store or be delivered to their home the next day. More styles will also be available to buy online.
The pop-up shop will also host t-shirt customisation classes, live talks, and DJ sets. A Benefit brow bar and Wah Nails salon will also be located inside.
Nasty Gal intellectual property was acquired by Manchester-based Boohoo earlier this year for $20m.
The Nasty Gal pop-up opens from 2 – 29 November and is open from 11am – 7pm Monday to Friday and 12 – 6pm on Sundays.


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HONG KONG (MarketWatch) -- China's Ping An Insurance Co. 2318, +4.30% has reportedly received regulatory approval from mainland authorities to set up an asset management company in Hong Kong. The company, the country's second-largest life insurer by revenue, said Wednesday in a press release its request to establish a foreign asset management office in Hong Kong was approved by the by China Insurance Regulatory Commission. The Hong Kong office will manage Ping An's overseas investments, and also provide asset management business to other companies, said the insurer. Earlier this month the CIRC said it will allow approved insurance companies to buy foreign exchange for investing in overseas markets.
China's Ping An Insurance to open Hong Kong office
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+4.10 +4.30%


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12 Bible Verses about Twin Brothers
Most Relevant Verses
Afterward his brother came forth with his hand holding on to Esau's heel, so his name was called Jacob; and Isaac was sixty years old when she gave birth to them.
At the end of three months we set sail on an Alexandrian ship which had wintered at the island, and which had the Twin Brothers for its figurehead.
It came about at the time she was giving birth, that behold, there were twins in her womb. Moreover, it took place while she was giving birth, one put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, "This one came out first." But it came about as he drew back his hand, that behold, his brother came out. Then she said, "What a breach you have made for yourself!" So he was named Perez.read more.
Afterward his brother came out who had the scarlet thread on his hand; and he was named Zerah.
"I have loved you," says the LORD But you say, "How have You loved us?" "Was not Esau Jacob's brother?" declares the LORD "Yet I have loved Jacob; but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and appointed his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness."
Again, she gave birth to his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of flocks, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two others of His disciples were together.
Now the first came forth red, all over like a hairy garment; and they named him Esau.
"You shall not detest an Edomite, for he is your brother; you shall not detest an Egyptian, because you were an alien in his land.
Therefore Thomas, who is called Didymus, said to his fellow disciples, "Let us also go, so that we may die with Him."
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus;
and Matthew and Thomas; James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot;
Bible Theasaurus
- Twin (8 instances)


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Publisher: Henry Holt and Co.: 1998
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New stated first edition, first printing partial cloth hardcover and dust jacket in excellent condition. Protective mylar cover. ; American Experience; 1.08 x 9.48 x 7.74 Inches View more info


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Health Psychology Home Page
Papers written by students providing scientific reviews of topics related to health and well being
|Home | Weight Loss | Alternative Therapy | Supplements | Eating Disorders | Fitness | About this Page |
Cholesterol Lowering Abilities of Fiber: Fact, Fiction, or Somewhere In-between?
Brittany McDonald
October 10, 2008
Off the coattails of the whole grains and pre-biotic active cultures movements in health foods has come the fiber health fad.� While obviously related, one notices during recent trips to the grocery store that while it was once important to denote that a product was made with whole-grains, has no trans-fat, and is 100 calories or less, this alone is no longer sufficient.� The use of a new label indicating the fiber content of food products has increased exponentially over the last year.� While before I personally bought whole-wheat English muffins, I now make sure to buy the ones with 40% more fiber.� Or, while before I would buy whatever flavor of low-fat yogurt I desired, I now opt for the Fiber One� flavors that have 20% of my daily value of fiber per serving.� In addition, I now buy All Bran� Bran Buds� to add to my favorite cereals to increase the fiber content in my breakfast.� And, just to clarify, I am not alone in my quest for more fiber in my daily diet.� I live with five other women and know that this new craze is widespread.� So, what is so appealing about fiber and is there truth in the advertising by the food companies that are upping the fiber content in their food products?
What is fiber?
Fiber, also called dietary fiber, roughage or bulk, is a collective term for the carbohydrates found in plants that cannot be digested or absorbed (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033 and http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fiber-full-story/index.html).� Fiber is usually classified into two categories, soluble and insoluble.� Soluble fiber dissolves partially in water so that it forms a gel and can be found in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, carrots, barley and psyllium.� Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water so it increases stool bulk and can be found in whole-wheat flour, wheat bran, nuts and many vegetables (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fiber-full-story/index.html).�
What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is �soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream and in all your body's cells� (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4488). There are two types of cholesterol carrying lipoproteins the in blood, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).� LDL is considered the �bad� cholesterol because it can build up in the arteries as plaque that can clot the arties and cause a heart attack.� However, LDL is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood.� HDL is the �good� cholesterol because it is believed to remove excess cholesterol from the blood and thus prevents the formation of plaque (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4488).� When plaque builds up in the arteries they become hard and narrow through a process called atherosclerosis.� If the arteries become too narrow, they block the flow of blood, which eventually can lead to a heart attack (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fiber-full-story/index.html).� Thus, maintaining a healthy cholesterol level is key to good health.
What are the advertisers saying about fiber and cholesterol?
How much fiber should you consume per day?
One of the main claims of the food industry in their advertising is that Americans on average do not get the daily recommended amount of fiber each day (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx).� An article from the Mayo Clinic states that the National Academy of Sciences� Institute of Medicine says men age 50 or younger should have 38 grams of fiber a day, and men age 51 and older should intake 30 grams a day.� This article also says that women age 50 and younger should get 25 grams of fiber a day and women age 51 and older should get 21 grams of fiber a day (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� The Fiber One� website states that the �government experts from the National Academy of Science� state that most people should get at least 25 grams of fiber per day.� The website also notes that women 25-55 years old on average only meet 56% of their daily fiber needs, and men only consume 47%, on average, of their daily fiber needs (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx).� The tone of these advertisements is one of concern and calls for action by the American people.� This information is used to get people worried about their fiber intake and then want to buy the products that have extra fiber added in to ensure that they are not one of those fiber-lacking Americans.� Is there truth to this claim?� Should Americans be actively trying to add more fiber to their diets?� And, how much should we be adding�since everyone seems to offer a different daily value?� Before we attempt to answer these questions, it is important to know what the supposed benefits of adding fiber to your diet are.
What are the health benefits from adding fiber to your diet?
The health benefits of fiber claimed by the advertisers are improved digestive health, decreased risk of type II diabetes, curbed hunger helpful for weight management, and lowered cholesterol levels (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx).� Some sources add other health claims such as a decreased risk for colon cancer and diverticular disease (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fiber-full-story/index.html and http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� I have chosen to focus on the claim about fiber�s ability to lower cholesterol.� According to the Fiber One� website, fiber is able to lower one�s cholesterol by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the digestive tract (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx). �But, the pertinent article on the Mayo Clinic website does not claim much about this benefit other than stating that fiber specifically lowers LDL and thus lowers one�s total cholesterol levels (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� What is the true mechanism? �Does fiber intake really lower cholesterol?�
What are the common side effects of adding fiber? How can they be dealt with?
If you have ever consumed a lot of fiber, you may have experienced some of its more noticeable side effects such as increased flatulence, bloating, and defecation.� While making bowel movements occur more readily is often a desired effect from taking fiber (for its bulk laxative qualities), this effect might not be so desirable if it also gives you gas and if you are more concerned with your heart health than digestive tract.� Fiber One� and All Bran� address these issue on their respective websites with blurbs reassuring their consumers that if you increase your fiber intake slowly and are sure to drink 6-8 eight ounce glasses of water a day while doing so, you can avoid the side effect of getting gas associated with fiber consumption (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx and http://www.all-bran.com/).� The reason you have to increase your fiber slowly is explained in a Mayo Clinic article, which states that the natural bacteria in your intestines need time to adjust to changes in your diet.� Also, the increased water intake is key because without it soluble fiber can actually cause constipation (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033). �Does drinking water while increasing your fiber intake really help prevent the gassy side effect? �How reasonable is it that people will be able to increase their fiber and drink 6-8 glasses of water a day?
Would it be better to take a daily fiber supplement instead of worrying about adding fiber rich foods to your diet?
Many of the websites claim that taking fiber supplements is not as beneficial as getting your fiber from natural, food sources.� The All Bran� website claims that their �cereal delivers at least 40% of your daily fiber needs in one bowl�that�s 3 times more fiber than the leading fiber supplement� (http://www.all-bran.com/). �The Mayo Clinic website claims that whole foods are generally better than fiber supplements because the supplements do not provide the vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial nutrients that high-fiber foods often have with them.� But, they do acknowledge that food sources might not be enough for some people with specific conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, and thus, supplements can become necessary in those situations (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� Finally, the Harvard School of Public Health website states that �current recommendations suggest that children and adults consume at least 20 grams of dietary fiber per day from food, not supplements� (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fiber-full-story/index.html). �So, are supplements not as good as the �real thing�?� Which should you be using to help combat high cholesterol?
�Summary of Our Questions in Relation to Advertising Claims
The following is a summary of the questions raised by public health officials� and food producers� claims about fiber: Are we getting enough fiber? �Should we increase fiber? �Does it lower cholesterol levels significantly? �What is the mechanism? �What causes the gas, and can it be avoided? �Are supplements as good or not?�
Motives and Evidence Quality of the Fiber Advocates
It seems clear that the two public health websites sited above are making this information available online to help spread the word about the health benefits of fiber to the public. �The Harvard site makes a point of citing Harvard research to back up its claims about fiber, which could be seen as showing a secondary motive of spreading its own research findings as being the most notable.� Furthermore, the two food websites mentioned above are seemingly motivated by their desire to make their products more desirable to consumers over other similar products.� They explicitly use their products� fiber content as an edge over the competition.� So, given these motives, we must now turn to scientific research if we want to find reliable answers to the questions that have arisen from the claims being made about fiber and its effect on cholesterol by these two types of fiber advertisers.
All that being said, each of the websites does a fairly good job of citing evidence and credible sources for their information.� However, on occasion a statement is made without credible source citation leaving a lack of evidence for the claim. �For instance, on the Fiber One� website, it is stated that fiber works by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the digestive system without citing how they know this to be true, possibly exhibiting a lack of sound evidence.� The public health websites are better about citing research studies to back up their claims while the food producer websites just state �facts� and often do not cite where they came from.
What does the scientific literature have to say about the effects of fiber on cholesterol?
Study investigating the effect of fiber in an already low-fat, low cholesterol diet:
Jenkins, Wolever, Rao, Hegele, Mitchell, Ransom et al (1993) investigated the effect on cholesterol levels when very high levels of fiber were added to an already low fat, low cholesterol diet.� The question being asked was whether there would be any additional benefit to adding fiber when cholesterol was already significantly lowered by an established and maintained low fat and low cholesterol diet.� They also were curious as to what the mechanism was behind the cholesterol lowering effects of fiber.� As the Fiber One� website claimed earlier, there had been studies that suggested the way fiber helped reduce cholesterol was by displacing the saturated fat and cholesterol from one�s diet, but these researchers wondered if they saw a reduction in cholesterol when the diet was low in fat and cholesterol how this would could be explained given this proposed mechanism.� To answer these questions, they performed a crossover study with 43 subjects (15 men and 28 women) with hyperlipidemia.�
The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either soluble or insoluble fiber diets during two four month studies.� Neither the subjects nor study personnel were blinded to the conditions the subjects were placed in.� The participants were given personalized two-week repeating menus that were planned out based on their personal food preferences.� A dietitian monitored their compliance with the menus, and all diet foods were delivered to their homes weekly.� Participants� blood samples were taken about every two weeks.� Also, samples of the participants feces were taken at various points in the study to investigate the mechanism.� For both diets, the blood lipids feel by the fourth week and were maintained throughout the remainder of the study at that level.� Overall, soluble fiber decreased LDL and total cholesterol levels greater than insoluble fiber.� And interestingly, the study found a noteworthy gender difference in percent reduction of total and LDL cholesterols levels with men having a greater reduction (7.5%) than women (3.4%).� Furthermore, the journal article states, �it has been suggested that a 5 to 10 gram increase in dietary soluble fiber will reduce serum total cholesterol by approximate 5 percent� and such a reduction is �comparable to that observed in� this study (Jenkins, 1993).� Finally, the article addresses that prior to this article the mechanism by which fiber helped lower cholesterol was unclear, though �it was proposed that fiber increased the binding and fecal loss of bile acids�.� They also added to their report the finding from this study that there was a larger loss of sterol due to the increased fiber intake which they believe could contribute to the reduction of cholesterol in the blood as they found these two entities to be related from their data.
Meta-analysis of how significantly or not dietary fibers reduce cholesterol:
In an attempt to quantify how significantly fiber reduces cholesterol levels, a meta-analysis was performed by Brown, Rosner, Willett, and Sacks (1999) using 67 controlled trials.� These investigators noticed how a wide range of effect sizes were being submitted about fiber�s ability to lower cholesterol and that different effect sizes were seen with different types of fibers.� Through the meta-analysis, they sought to standardize the studies so as to determine whether the various fibers were really all that different in their effects on cholesterol, and if the effect size was really as large as it was often published as being.� They did this by accounting for the variations in sample size, dosage of fiber, background diets of samples, types of subjects, etc.� The 67 trials were selected based on the criteria of whether there was a control condition (insoluble fiber or low fat condition used to compare to the fiber condition), where lipid changes recorded for the different conditions, was a single source of soluble fiber used, etc.� To limit the analysis, they only compared studies that used oat product, psyllium, pectin and guar gum as their source of soluble fiber for comparison.� Overall, the soluble fiber reduced both cholesterol and LDL, which was consistent with the findings in the individual studies, as 60 to 70% of them found this also to be true.�
Higher fiber diets also reduced HDL but by a smaller amount than soluble fiber at any dose reduces total cholesterol and LDL.� Also, the type of soluble fiber used was insignificant; all types reduced total cholesterol and LDL by similar amounts with no significant difference between them.� In contrast, difference in dose did account for some significant variance in effectiveness to reduce cholesterol.� However, at higher doses, there was significant nonlinearity which suggests �diminished adherence or a biological maximum being reached� (Brown, 1999).� As to the mechanism, the study had this to say, �the mechanism by which fiber lowers blood cholesterol remains undefined�.� Hypothesizes cited by the study include: (1) that �soluble fibers bind bile acids or cholesterol during the intraluminal formation of micelles� which causes a �reduction in cholesterol content of liver cells� leading �to an up regulation of LDL receptors and this increased clearance of LDL cholesterol.� However, increased bile acid excretion may not be sufficient to account for the observed cholesterol reduction�, (2) �inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by products of fermentation�, (3) �changes in intestinal motility�, (4) �fibers in high viscosity causing slowed absorption of macronutrients�, and (5) �increased satiety, leading to lower overall energy intake� (Brown, 1999).�
All-in-all, the mechanism is still a mystery.� Otherwise, the study found no difference in responsiveness between subjects with high and healthy cholesterol levels to the cholesterol lowering effects of fiber.� Overall, increase in fiber intake does lower cholesterol but by a small amount.� The study concludes its findings by warning that publication bias, where only studies that show positive results are published, could be a factor, and if it is, it is possible that the small effect of fiber on cholesterol is in actuality even smaller. �Finally, the study cites that the �major benefit from eating fiber-rich foods may be a change in dietary patterns, resulting in a diet that is lower in saturated and trans-unsaturated fats and cholesterol and higher in protective nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, folate, and antioxidant vitamins� (Brown, 1999).
Study investigating the effect of a fiber supplement in reducing blood cholesterol levels:
The Knopp, Superko, Davidson, Insull, Dujovne, Kwiterovich, et al (1999) study sought to explore the effects of a fiber supplement (Choltrol, a mixture of soluble and insoluble fibers) on lowering cholesterol and how effective this treatment is in the long-term.� The 15-week study used 125 subjects who were randomly assigned to either the test condition, which entailed taking 20g/day of the fiber supplement, or the control condition, which entailed taking a placebo.� All subjects were stabilized with a 9 week National Cholesterol Education Program Step I Diet prior to the study. �Eighty-five of the subjects continued the study to a total of 36 weeks in a noncomparative extension phase. Overall, the fiber group had a greater decrease in LDL cholesterol (-12.1% as compared to only -1.3%), total cholesterol (-8.5% as compared to -0.8%), and LDL to HDL ratio (-9.4% as compared to -1.5%) (P<0.001).� There was no significant effect on HDL levels and similar results were found at the end of the 36 week extension period.� But, there was an issue with side effects in this study.� A total of 15 subjects dropped out along the course of the study due to gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, gas, and loose stools.� The prevalence of these side effects seemed to decrease with the duration of the study.
Study investigating the FDA approved dosage of fiber necessary to reduce cholesterol:
The Jenkins,
Study investigating the difference in effects between soluble and insoluble fiber on cholesterol:
In a study by Sol� et al (2007), the effects of soluble
fiber (Plantago ovata husk) on
cholesterol were compared with the effects of insoluble fiber (Plantago ovata seed) in a randomized,
crossover, controlled, single blind study.�
The study was performed in
The study found that the soluble fiber had a more favorable effect on cholesterol than insoluble fiber.� Specifically, the soluble fiber from P. ovata husk increased HDL levels 6.7% relative to the insoluble fiber.� This is a significant finding because often LDL lowering diets decrease HDL levels as well, which is an unwanted side effect.� The study recognizes that this effect is different from the effect of most other soluble fibers that have been found to lower LDL levels.� Despite this finding the journal article reads, �the mechanism by which P. ovata husk modifies lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations remains, as yet, undefined� (Sol�, 2007).� Speculative reasons offered as to why P. ovata husk did not lower LDL are that the dose was not as high as what other previous studies had used and that the patients in this particular study had low-moderate LDL concentrations in contrast to previous studies, which could be significant since it is thought that the change in LDL concentration is proportional to the severity of the concentration (meaning, if LDL concentration is higher, then the effect of soluble fiber on lowering the LDL concentration will be greater).� Finally, the study makes note that although the National Cholesterol Expert Program Adult Treatment Panel III states people should consume 20-30g of dietary fiber each day, people should be sure that that amount of fiber consumed be 10-25g of soluble fiber if your goal is to lower your LDL cholesterol in order to prevent heart disease (Sol�, 2007).
How do these studies answer our questions about the advertisers� claims about fiber?
How much fiber should you consume per day?
The consensus on this seems to be in the 20-30 g per day range based on the previously discussed studies and websites (Sol�, 2007 and http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� Both the Fiber One� and All Brand� websites have daily fiber calculators that you can use to see how if you need to add more fiber to your daily diet or not (http://www.fiberone.com/Counter.aspx and http://www.all-bran.com/).� If your goal is to reduce your total cholesterol and LDL levels, it is necessary that most of it be soluble fiber, not insoluble fiber, because only soluble fiber has a significant effect on your cholesterol levels (Jenkins, 1993; Brown, 1999; Jenkins, 2002; Sol�, 2007).� Insoluble fiber helps with other issues like regularity.
Does adding fiber to your diet lower your cholesterol levels significantly? If so, how?
There is a significant decrease in cholesterol levels found with adding fiber to one�s daily diet, but it is not a huge difference (Jenkins, 1993; Brown, 1999; Jenkins, 2002; Sol�, 2007; Knopp, 1999).� Also, each study stressed that it was still important to pair the addition of fiber to one�s diet with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet for the best effect on lowering one�s cholesterol and decreasing one�s risk for heart disease (Jenkins, 1993; Brown, 1999; Jenkins, 2002; Sol�, 2007).� There were many different hypotheses offered as to how fiber helps to lower cholesterol but no one mechanism has been proven to be the real way it works (Jenkins, 1993; Brown, 1999; Jenkins, 2002; Sol�, 2007), despite the claim on the Fiber One� website that the added fiber prevents the absorption of cholesterol (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx).
What are the common side effects of adding fiber? How can they be dealt with?
Many of the studies I found looked into the gastrointestinal effects of fiber while running their experiments, and these studies found it to be an insignificant issue (Sol�, 2007; Jenkins 2002).� However, one study did observe a problem with these side effects and subjects dropping out of the study because of them (Knopp, 1999).� It is also important to note that in the Sol� et al (2007) study the subjects were instructed to take 250 mL (roughly 8.45 fluid ounces) of water before taking the fiber.� Since the fiber was taken three times a day, this only equates to 3-4 eight ounce glasses of water.� So, it seems that the 6-8 ounces of water suggested by the websites is a bit extreme (http://www.fiberone.com/Benefits/Default.aspx and http://www.all-bran.com/).� The Knopp et al (1999) study noted that over time the gastrointestinal side effects subsided, which is consistent with the claim by Mayo Clinic website that it is a matter of the bacteria in your intestines getting used to the change in your diet (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).� Nevertheless, the increase in water consumption with the increase in soluble fiber consumption seems to be the key to avoiding getting gassy when consuming soluble fiber since no problems occurred in the Sol� et al (2007) study with water intake necessary but there were problems in the Knopp et al (1999) study where water intake was not specified and adjustment to the increase in fiber took considerably longer.
Would it be better to take a daily fiber supplement instead of worrying about adding fiber rich foods to your diet?
The Brown et al (1999) meta analysis made a point of saying that the �major benefit� of adding fiber is that fiber-rich foods have a lot of other healthy goodies in them that are also beneficial to good health.� Obviously, these goodies, like vitamins, minerals, etc., are absent in fiber supplements, so it does seem that fiber rich foods have an overall greater health benefit.� But in relation to ability to reduce cholesterol, supplements get the job done just as well (Knopp, 1999).� Also, some people need to take supplements due to other health problems, like irritable bowel syndrome (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fiber/NU00033).
Conclusion: Should you increase your fiber intake to prevent heart disease?
The effect of soluble fiber on cholesterol is small, often cited as a matter of less than 10 percent.� Thus it certainly should not be used as a sole or primary method of lowering ones cholesterols levels.� However, I am a firm believer that every little bit helps.� It seems easy enough to get wheat bread instead of white when having a sandwich or eat an apple instead of apple pie for dessert to increase your daily fiber intake and slightly decrease cardiac risk in the process.� Additionally, soluble and insoluble fibers� health benefits are not limited to soluble fiber�s ability to lower cholesterol; as mentioned before, there are many health benefits to consuming fiber, which make it a worthwhile addition to everyone�s daily diets.
Brown, L., Rosner, B., Willet, W. W., & Sacks, F. M. (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, 30-42.
Jenkins, D., Kendall, C. W., Vuksan, V., Vidgen, E., Parker, T., Faulkner, D., et al. (2002). Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75, 834-839.
Jenkins, D.,
Wolever, T., Rao, A. V., Hegele, R. A., Mitchell, S. J., Ransom, T., et al.
(1993). Effect on blood lipids of very high intakes of fiber in diets low in
saturated fat and cholesterol. The
Knopp, R. H., Superko, H. R., Davidson, M., Insull, W., Dujovne, C. A., Kwiterovich, P. O., et al. (1999). Long-term blood cholesterol-lowering effects of a dietary fiber supplement. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 17, 18-23.
Sol�, R., God�s, G., Ribalta, J., Vallv�, J., Girona, J., Anguera, A., et al. (2007). Effects of soluble fiber (Plantago ovata husk) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in men with ischemic heart disease. �The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85, 1157-1163.
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I was interested to learn that Marine engineering specialist SeaKing has recently completed extensive upgrade work on three shortsea ferries operated by Danish shipping company DFDS Seaways.
The four-week project took place at Damen Dunkerque Shipyard in France involving MS Dunkerque Seaways, MS Dover Seaways and MS Delft Seaways. The three passenger and car ferries operate in the English Channel running between Dover and Dunkerque.
SeaKing Electrical managing director Dave Gillam said a ten-man team of engineering specialists were sent to complete the job.
"Work consisted of electrical upgrades to improve entertainment reception to 80 cabins and fitting of VDSs (Variable Speed Drives) to car deck vent fans," he said. "A total of 16 VDSs were fitted on decks 3, 5 and 10 on each ship. The existing drives had degraded due to age and exposure to warm conditions. These drives play a vital role to help reduce fuel consumption, energy use and CO2 emissions.
"The project was made more complex due to the time scales and working across multiple vessels requiring careful planning and project management. It demonstrates SeaKing's ability to provide a quick response project turnaround and flexibility to travel anywhere in the world whilst tackling an electrical engineering challenge. We take pride in delivering on time and on budget."
DFDS Fleet Manager Nigel Cureton said: "This was a highly demanding project due to the tight timescales. We commend SeaKing's work ethic, performance and quality of workmanship which were exceptional from start to finish. Our Technical Office in Dover and ships' staff are thankful for the engineers' support and we look forward to working with SeaKing again in the future."


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Hello Naturalistas,
After the time we've spent putting up the mane matters column, Its time we put a structure to it.
Purpose: The aim of mane matters is to bring to you different perspective of naturalistas and their hair journey which is essentially to help and foster an online community by bring you tips and advice from another's journey.
And since there is an increase in the rate of readers being asked to be featured and with lessons learnt we would like to state some guidelines, going forward for this column. I hope we won't scare you away :)
Since we are dealing mostly with Pictures most of them will be centred around the Images that would be sent in;
- While we are not asking for professional pictures because of us, the pictures sent should be CLEAR and presentable.
- Pictures sent should be hair centred and should focus mainly on the hair, so there are no distractions from the subject matter.
- Answers should be clear, informative and have the readers in mind so we can all learn something from your hair journey.
- Please, send a minimum of 6 Images and maximum of 20 so we will have choices as to which we would put up. The more, the better.
- All request for feature should be sent to firstname.lastname@example.com with the the subject as ''Mane Matters" and you will be gotten back to.
Officially, Mane matters is open for business! Lets get you featured :)
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Wednesday, 16 July 2014
Guidelines for getting featured on Mane matters
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HebeBlock project source code library: HebeBlock blockchain source code, HEBE-BlockExplorer block browser source code, HebeJS signature source code,Chinese White paper
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