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Only take the possibility to come up with a potent functional resume. If you should be requesting to get work and you also desired to earn a brand fresh appearance on your own resume which is nice, presentable and clean, then you definitely arrived into the most acceptable spot. If you're looking for a job being a account executive, your resume must prove you've got the wisdom and experience necessary to advise clients and deal with finances. In addition, in the event that you frequently switch jobs, you might also think about a resume that is operational. In the event you have held temporary jobs which have been in maintaining all the job that you are using for, cite them temporarily. There clearly was an variety of explanations for why someone would like to carry up a job within this enterprise.
Simply see their site and then make and then edit your Resume once you'd like. These sorts of resumes are ideal for those who have openings in their employment foundations or are fresh to a particular industry. Your resume ought to be formatted in an straightforward, skilled way. Your resume should perhaps not mention that your very own personal hobbies, unless these have an immediate bearing in your preferred career path. Useful resumes are ideal for people that actually don't have lots of function experience regarding the job they have been applying for.
Your resume should start using the heading. It's the exact same together with resumes. Useful and traditional manuals aren't the sole resume type s to pick from.
Based on work history, you may possibly want to check at employing a functional resume. You need to utilize a chronological study once you have extensive work history that is certainly regarding the task which you're applying for. In the event you have got an executive-level job and decades of experience, you may not be capable of fit all of your knowledge, skills, and achievements on a single webpage. Instead, you also ought to take into consideration your many years of knowledge.
You really don't will need to register up to be capable of using their site. The very optimal/optimally thing of the site is that could go back into Resumizer Free Resume Creator on the web to edit your file you've generated with them. Another site in creating your CV is your cvmaker. You will find a lot of free on-line websites that provides cost-free downloadable Curriculum Vitae and Resume Templates. Educational advice is comprised together with certifications and exceptional skills. Task lists aren't likely to force you to stand out by the audience. For knowledgeable bookkeeping professionals, so it truly is urged to take a check at a set of essential skills.
A supreme high quality sample bookkeeping resume will contain all the key terms and phrases an employer will undoubtedly likely probably be hunting for several of times throughout the resume. Lots of accountant restart samples that you will discover online tend not to offer the degree of depth needed to assist you to structure yours. Numerous employees windup feeling their present employers discover that it's difficult to supply the things that they desire and move to scan the marketplace.
If you're considering a nontraditional resume format, it is even more purpose why you have to get it reviewed until you use it as a way to apply to jobs. First you ought to pick a particular format on the resume. Both big formats being used today days are functional arrangement. In Primer publication , there are just 7 downloadable templates which you find it possible to choose out of and also an additional 12 templates they've included lately. So it will be rather easy to choose out of their many templates. You will find 20 completely free Resume templates that you will down load out of Resumetemplates.in. Additionally you ought to pick the design of one's own resume.
Use our bookkeeping resume samples to get a clearer notion of these information companies may be searching for from you personally. Compatibility screening a section of non invasive evaluations carried on the software component or even the complete software to rate the compatibility of the app with all the calculating setting. It is very important to note, that should you choose for guide testing, it's an accepted fact that the job will likely be laborious and tiresome. Thus, effectiveness testing would be your task to ensure that you determine the performance of a software. There are some industry-recognized certificates which may support them catch the most best tasks within the small business.
You have to target on your own education and also techniques. The real-time environment helps discover the defects from the machine and protect against insects that are costly been detected at another moment. In addition, it features a concise selection of knowledge, and also an exhaustive selection of abilities. Perform experience also needs to be in reverse chronological order. The comprehension of of the most recent technology is essential. To the other hand, it centers upon the skills you need developed that match the requirements of the job where you are applying. Additionally, it is a good idea to figure out strategies to demonstrate your analytic abilities and time-tested plan.
Designers can not find the business done alone without a object design team may function with a troublesome artist. A programmer should be in a situation to edit fashions as an application evolves through the several years. Just before you commence writing a picture designer restart, don't forget to inquire what you will need. If you really have to become always a quick designer, you would like to create an attempt to function as just one. As an alternative, designers learn to draw so they can extract their thoughts. This way the programmer can concentrate along the way the components go together in the place of always designing or copying the exact same elements. Like wise software attribute designers wish to encircle the circumstance at which this characteristic has been supposed to be used, by the user, to find the complete potential.
This short article debates whether students should utilize Revit. Qualitative study consists of a little selection of participants, determined on criteria defined by the research workers. You really don't need to become a specialist whatsoever, nevertheless, you also ought to exhibit a pure fascination from the breadth of your adventure.
The template appears tidy, easy, and nominal, is known for spaciousness and capability to adapt most your firm specific content in a page website. As an example, it can be valuable with an expert design because it will give an outstanding impression to any of your longterm businesses. Layout your resume and then discover a project Don't let me tell you exactly how crucial the resume is and also the way it may effect you in receiving the exact job. Or you also love the particular style and structure and style and you enjoy the procedure for making your theme with various pre-made layouts and selections. So it's irrelevant the best way to reveal it up on your design restart. Architecture is not a nine to five livelihood. You are definitely going to write a killer design restart.
At case the object isn't accessible, instead of celebrating every single notification, it could be more straightforward to fix the issue by correcting your architecture. If it's possible to do so focus on visible things, and emphasize only a number images. Along side the labour knowledge, the skills section another significant role to acquire within an restart.
Communication is among the many expertise designers need to take in their toolbox. Notifications are frequently compared comparison to delegates. It can look as a very simple remedy to difficult troubles. As software grow in proportion, retaining an eye on the all its personal components say and information flows may acquire tedious, and are usually hard to take care of and also purge. Think about a detailed resume as an expert application to help you feel noticed on the list of rivalry used. The procedure for selecting a worker in large and more compact corporations isn't likely to shift radically or become significantly disrupted. Volunteering, in your industry or within your field of experience in another business, is just one other way to lessen the transition back again to fulltime employment.
You really must send me a restart whether you can study the full item. It is fast and simple to make use of. While you can find a great deal of methods where ATI promotes, Bruce expresses that societal media could be your predominant way at which the company creates buzz concerning the things they are able to give. In the event that you'd prefer thoughts, look at those sample visible hints under control. Precisely the exact very same idea relates into a website. Thinking about for context has been shown helpful in thus a number of those experiences. Quite simply, the deficiency for context consideration appears to cause scenarios of germs and usability conditions which may have been averted.
The full winter is virtually over, and spring is right round the corner. You can find quite a bit of places on the web where it's likely to become free of charge. The preceding fold is just one of many principal regions of your organization. A resume to get structure isn't a laundry list. A in depth knowledge of 3 d modeling software like AutoCAD is likewise very important. After a long length of involuntary unemployment, a person could possibly be fearful which his skills have deteriorated to the point he'll not be able to operate within an new position.
Let's look at each part of the electronic mail carefully to identify what's incorrect. A superb email can lead to business achievement. Professional email today is a beneficial tool to make work much less strenuous and time intensive because it has inch benefit of applying modern tools.
E mails are not the exact same as business meetings. In addition, make certain your mails represent who you have inside the actual environment. So if you're not too sure about just how exactly to write an expert email, then it is probably a better idea to adhere to an pro e mail template. When it is often discussed it's critical to write properly framed professional mails.
Along with maintaining your emails short, following a regular structure also allows you to write quick. You are writing a resignation email for the very first time and also you end up staring at a blank piece of newspaper or word document. Prior to registering your own email, be certain that you feature a final line. As email becoming more and more frequently used methods for communicating, it's very important that you must learn how to write an official email. It is extremely challenging to write a formal email for a expert thing.
E mails are many times used to obtain first hand data in senior high school and college essays. Check your e mail address more often, and in the event you obtain a message, response it whenever potential if needed. Therefore it's very important that if sending a message address, it ought to really have a subject that can come across a person's eye of this receiver. Therefore, maybe perhaps not all of business enterprise email should be formatted and written in the precise method. The absolute most efficient small business mails are considerate and do not comprise slang or violent phrases. Normally, they're the people given to you by your organization, generally containing yours as well as your company's name. Business mails composed to colleagues are normally direct and have for specific actions to be taken.
Your message needs to be crystal clear and clear. After the message is routed, the document is going to be downloaded again and connected to the message automatically. The most significant thing is wherever your receiver gets evident in regards to this use of this emailaddress. Even in the event that you write the most eloquent, persuasive concept from the Earth, a poorly constructed touch will force you to appear in order to be novice.
An filled topic line to inform the reader just what the correspondence is all about. Once you have done that, you're ready to compose a resignation letter that's appropriate. The sample letters contributed are assumed to deliver a notion of how to write effectively for a variety of circumstances. Earlier producing, jot down the things you wish to put inside your letter. The company letter also conveys an impression of the association in various manners. A specialist small business letter must render a beneficial and profound effect in the heads of the recipients and ought to carry out a part in raising the disposition of their firm.
Choosing the most appropriate words to produce is rather challenging and you'll detect it is much simpler to talk with a supervisor in person. Email still remains the basic method of electronic communication for assorted documented and business specials. From the official email previously mentioned, using this email had been initially clearly said.
The regular individual applying electronic mail for small business receives and sends over 100 emails every day, as shown by means of a report released from the Radicati Group. Additionally, your theme should not be too long however briefly mentioned. The subject of one's email has to ready your recipient on what things to expect inside the significant human body of the emailaddress.
Just take a moment to analyze the case and see whether you'll explain to what's erroneous because of it. The next example demonstrates just how to compose an informal emailaddress. The exact first example demonstrates how to compose a official small business emailaddress.
Broadly speaking, the info included in your correspondence should be written in a succinct manner, with the information you would rather convey clearly said. Ensure to get the information you're on the lookout for. When it's crucial to deliver negative info in an email, it needs to be done at a confident, constructive method. CC-ing some body is necessary whenever there is important data in the email or you are connecting them with the recipient. If you've obtained little numeric info to gift, it ought to be described in the text of your own paper. You really don't will need to be worried in the event that you missed important specifics. Before mailing a sales letter, then it really is very vital that you've accumulated the maximum amount of info about the consumer as feasible.
Form of Resumes Resume is required for every every sort of job that you just apply. Traditional, history-based resumes told companies about sooner times today's executive resume has to signify strategies to create a change in the foreseeable future. Opportunely, technology resumes have a very straightforward arrangement.
When a provider wants to buy hydraulic gear, then it may require the in-house hydraulic professionals to locate more information on the topic of the market and establish services and products and providers in providing the ideal value and efficiency. Find more information on the subject of the subject that you want to get into and the company you want to utilize with. Organizations are competing in the elements of responsiveness along with personalization. Next, connect with those working at the business you are seeking job at.
You'll find a lot of employers who inspire their employees to groom semi-formal also, however, there are companies that are strict in regards to dressing in the appropriate small business apparel. They need to find you understand how to explore your expertise in a way that produces value for them and poses your accomplishments at the finest possible lighting. Manufacturing purchasers additionally try to track down brand new services and products that might boost their institution's functionality. An manufacturing company and planner can be a person who manages the company and purchase of services and merchandise to get a organization.
Each business and livelihood includes special important terms. Computer-integrated production (CIM) in engineering is something of fabricating at which the full manufacturing procedure has been controlled by personal computer. Besides being the ability to switch functions inside a company, you can test out a different industry in the event that you want a shift. The aerospace business is just one solid industry.
Some technology specialization it's possible to get your work in doc pdf entirely free. There is an assortment of tasks available for engineers. Industrial Assemblyline job increases production and allows your organization to rapidly train personnel. For an beginning in your search for a coming job, take a peek at the Engineering Job Lookup page. Nonetheless, the jobs are rather distinct in one another. On the flip side, you can also obtain a rewarding task in search to aid detect advanced approaches to extract and enhance oil.
Indepth understanding of largescale manufacturing and production will be essential. Previous related experience is usually mandatory or favorite also. Any appropriate experience from the telecom business will be a incentive.
You might potentially be drawn to engineering because of its creative part. Manufacturing technology is a very essential area throughout the world. It's just a single facet of this technology manufacturing market. Then it can be your best professional choice. Industrial engineering is actually really just a huge career discipline. While it is not the most well-known engineering field, it's the most diverse amongst the many professional engineering areas of analysis. Even the exceptional industrial technology restart has the suitable blend of important advice, strength-highlighting along with also formatting.
Not many engineers necessitate the programming experience to generate designs, nevertheless, you'll need to have an understanding of how models work so you know what sorts of problems could be mimicked and also what precisely the simulations me an for the project. Regardless of the quantity of job experience you need as a engineer, then it's quite imperative that you make an eye-grabbing resume. Ultimately, mechanical engineers have to carry on a significant few team assignments over the length of these own career. You will find lots of factors you must think about while establishing a successful resume to seek out industrial engineer's informative article. It's not mandatory that whenever you're a superior engineer subsequently you will certainly get a great career. So, the very first thing in becoming an avowed electrical engineer would be to know the exact requirements on your state. Licensed electrical engineers who go to another nation can find that they need to earn a permit in their brand new nation.
Health and safety engineers are extremely much like industrial engineers. As a way to detect methods to decrease waste and boost effectiveness, industrial engineers commence by studying commodity criteria and requirements. To learn more on that which it must be a Industrial Engineer, have a look at our finish Industrial Engineer Job Guide. Industrial engineers also deal with the design and workings of their factories which generate products. In addition, many industrial engineers pursue a MBA level as an alternative to a master's degree the moment they have been in the project power. Budding industrial engineers learn to organize, design and implement complex techniques to get a particular sector. Excellent assurance engineers are located in nearly every manufacturing company enterprise, along with their main task will be to be sure items are consistently large quality.
Simply visit their website also then make and then edit your own Resume if you desire. Resumes in the united states must not incorporate some family, marital, or health advice. Your resume will probably land in the precise same tune, which normally implies you need to measure up your game. The matters that make people interesting or unique cannot be found in their own resumes. The hints prepared for shifting livelihood are created by putting some hard work and spending extra time. Along side that, the recruiter will like to be convinced he can place you in the front part of the client and show up confident, professional. You can find rather amazing recruiters around who'd love to position you into amazing opportunities.
Useful formats aren't recommended unless there exists an extremely strange circumstance. A practical sample or template is the one which might be accommodated to your purposes of those searching for a livelihood swap. You can find 20 free management templates which you are able to down load out of Resumetemplates.in.
That which you really need to make the journey to may be your role. Mark's current role is undefined. For just about any applicant who is using for a specific position that would call for all technical experience and techniques, using these resume format samples 20 17 is very likely to focus on their own advantage, allowing them to highlight it and earn a hiring manager along with recruiters recognize that you're fit to the project. It truly is perfect for those that've already been employed in precisely the very same area or business, that means those intending to stay inside of just the same business.
There aren't any 2 perspectives in regards to the part of resumes for changing your career. In addition, it is highly recommended to always check the work description to learn whether the organization would like a specific file type. It can serve as a beneficial reference for several of one's questions as you commence your travels in turning into an internet developer. Furthermore, at the event where the last occupation reference wasn't the best one particular, somebody may wish to pick the guidance of a practical resume template.
A practical resume is quite valuable for a person who is seeking to modify monitors, professionally talking, who may wish to enter an alternative area of interest or different business completely. It's an extended, exhausting grind that frequently feels jelqing and also endless. It really is worth time to demystify the provisions first because you'll find plenty of selections of recruiters.
If you require any advice, then you may consider a handful job descriptions that will be able to help you select which key words to include in your resume. You'll acquire complete hands-on and wisdom knowledge when acquiring or boosting the skills required for HR experts and alternative organizational leaders. The relevant skills that the chronological resume may be unable to highlight are ready to be emphasized in a operational restart. Individuals are hunting for leadership abilities, and building which type of neural effect is a superior ways to prove that, Cramm clarified. You can find definite resume formats that exist and that you can pick from. You are able to write an upgraded resume in several steps. Together the exact lines as grammar, you will find actually a great deal of chances to exude assurance within your own resume.
The domain name is usually the business or functional area that for you todo it in. The very best issue of the website is you may go back to Resumizer no cost Resume Creator Online to edit the file that you've created with them. You will find lots of free on-line websites that provides totally free downloadable cv and Resume programs.
Once you are hired, you wish to match the essential demands of your job without worrying. This kind of resume writing is properly ideal for applicants who wish to move towards the next job marketplace. You are going to become cranking out applications and also will want a means to keep an eye on the. The application is presently open up. The process might be more quicker, especially supposing it's through BMC.
Applicant monitoring methods must be in a posture to read your resume. These applicant tracking methods utilize computer software to scan your own resume and choose no matter if you're a superb fit to your circumstance. It might perhaps not be the only real tech they use but its own backbone of all of them.


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| About the best Hoodia Gordonii Diet Review
What is the best Hoodia Gordonii diet review about?
This review of the health and weight loss effects of hoodia gordonii contains 40 pages of material answering nearly every conceivable question someone would have about this natural weight loss product.
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Two articles in particular spring to mind. One specifically discusses the use of Hoodia in a weight loss program, and another discusses the relationship between hoodia and dieting. Of course, many of the other articles will address this issue directly or indirectly as well.
I am really interested in information about the plant, the hoodia cactus, itself. Will there be a discussion of this on the best hoodia gordonii diet review?
Absolutely. In fact, we believe that our customers should have all the facts before they make a decision to try Hoodia Gordonii extract for weight loss. That is why we have 40 pages of information at our review website.
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Page Updated 7:11 PM Tuesday 9/17/2013

subset: commoncrawl


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One handy way to determine the pieces in a particular line of vintage or antique cast iron cookware is to get your hands on an old catalog or ads for the product. Larry and Marg O'Neil have a tremendous amount of cast iron and cast aluminum ephemera, which I happily delved into on my March 2019 visit.
Marg had recently written an article about Quaker Ware for the Griswold & Cast Iron Cookware Association's newsletter (which I reprinted with permission here), and I had scanned some dealer ads for Quaker Ware from Larry's collection. From that information, I was able to tell the
Here are some of the Quaker Ware dealer ads from Larry O'Neil's ephemera collection. You can see from these old ads just what exactly was encompassed in the Griswold Quaker Ware line.
Wouldn't you love to pick up some new old stock of these pieces for the prices advertised? I know I would!
- There is an entire subgroup on reddit devoted to cast iron. You can find it here.


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Celebrity inspired evil eye cross bracelet with nano turquoise cz and diamond cz stones. 925 Sterling silver silver with rhodium finish. It can be adjusted from 6.69 inch (17cm) to 8.26 inch (21cm) wrists with the additional extender chain.
All Prices are in US Dollars EVIL EYE STORE © 2020 - Registered Trademark ®


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7 Best Ski Resorts in France
As a recruitment agency that places incredible staff in luxury chalets all over the french alps, we've spent our fair share of time enjoying the best ski resorts France has to offer, here are our top 7.
Val d'Isère
Good for: varied and challenging off-piste skiing.
Best activity: Helicopter tours or heliskiing.
Best place to eat: L'Atelier d'Edmond, a pricey but incredible fine dining restaurant with an outstanding menu.
Good for: Novice skiers, and British speaking kids ski schools.
Best activity: Relaxing in the Aquamotion Spa and Pool while the kids enjoy the fun water play area, indoor surfing or climbing wall.
Best place to eat: Azimut – an incredible fine dining restaurant with a Michelin star, open from Dec-May.
Good for: Partying and all-round skiing.
Best activity: Après Ski at La Folie Douce then onto the Rond Point (The Ronny) for more dancing.
Best place to eat: Tsaretta, an incredible and affordable Indian restaurant.
Val Thorens
Good for: excellent snow conditions all season round.
Best activity: La Tyrolienne, the world's highest zip line spanning over 1300 m connecting Orelle and Val-Thorens, taking 1min 45 to cross.
Best place to eat: Au Mazot, a quaint, affordable restaurant which serves local dishes in a friendly setting with fantastic vegetarian options.
Les Arcs
Good for: Boarders and intermediate/advanced skiers.
Best activity: Fat Biking, available to hire from Twinner in Plan Peisey. Hire for a half a day is €35, and a full day is €60.
Best place to eat: L'effet Boeuf – an affordable vegetarian-friendly steakhouse.
La Plagne
Good for: Lower to intermediate skiers and boarders and families.
Best activity: Visiting The Ice Grotto at the top of the Plagne Bellecote glacier. Filled with beautiful ice sculptures it is a fun and beautiful experience for everyone.
Best place to eat: Le Ti & Yu, a busy little pizzeria is a perfect spot for quick, easy and incredibly tasty food for on the go. A firm favourite amongst locals.
Good for: Advanced boarders and skiers.
Best activity: The Montenvers – Mer de Glace train. Enjoy history and glaciology by hopping on board the famous little red railway train which climbs the mountainside running through the forest before arriving at the stunning panorama at the foot of the famous Mer de Glace glacier.
Best place to eat: Le Vert Hotel Restaurant, a gem by the lake serving contemporary dishes, including an incredible Sunday roast with fantastic views of Mont Blanc from the Bar.
Easily browse, save & apply to all
our roles using our new online platform
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text: Steve Flynn wrote: > Whilst sitting on the train yesterday, bored, I was digging around in > the boot-up scripts. I admit it - I have no life. Really? Seems like a normal sort of life to me :-) > On a whim, and not knowing if the default scripts as set up by Ubuntu > had indeed been labeled so that concurrent scripts were indeed using > the same sequence number, I made the change to > > CONCURRENCY=shell > > and restarted the machine. The result was a machine which came up in > about half the time it normally does (if you boot with noquiet and an > nosplash you'll see the scripts being started concurrently). I've seen at least one similar report here (or maybe the kubuntu list) - I rarely boot, so I can't confirm, though I did make the change myself. Anyway, it doesn't hurt to occasionally bring this to the attention of others. Obviously, nobody's making a habit of telling everybody they've found this great new tool. > You can also squeeze a little more speed out of the startup-sequence > by booting with a kernel parameter of "profile" tagged onto your > kernel options. This will rebuild the look-ahead cache from the > default supplied by the Ubuntu installation to one which is more > suitable for your specific machine with your specific boot > requirements. You need only do this once. > > I knew about the "profile" option from previous reading but I admit > I'd forgotten all about it. Um. Yes. Me too :-) -- derek


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Monday is a Slow Day for Car Meets? – Not in New York! – Check Out the Monday Night Takeover!
Summertime is full of great events every week all over this great nation of ours and while Monday's are typically slow, one area in New York takes their Monday's very seriously! We check out the Monday Night Takeover! The video below is a great overview of just how many people come to the event each week from late June through August.
Photos from the event:
The Monday night takeover takes place in: Farmingville, New York at the PENNYSAVER Amphitheater and is run by Al Yessiler and his team of helpers. We interviewed Al last year for Speed Culture Radio a great guy for sure. The Monday Night takeover is not just a car meet. Every week there seems to be something new including weeks dedicated to helping out various causes around the area's car scene. In addition to the charity work, cars food vendors, as you can see in the video they have a full band rocking the show. This is a must see if you are in the area.
Check out the Monday Night Takeover group on FB:


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Paul Kurtz on the "Strategic Blunder" of the New Atheists
In 2007, I called attention to a Point of Inquiry interview with philosopher Paul Kurtz in which he expressed concern over the direction of the New Atheist movement while asserting the commonly shared values between secular humanists and many world religions. Kurtz at the time was not the only prominent humanist to voice such concern, as Philip Kitcher in a POI interview expressed dismay over the "unremittingly negative" rhetoric of New Atheist authors.The interview was one of the first volleys in an ever louder critique by Kurtz of the New Atheist movement, affirmed earlier this month in his release of a new statement on secular humanist principles and values. Yesterday, the Buffalo News ran a feature offering more insight on Kurtz's criticism of the New Atheist movement. The full article should be read, but below I have pasted a few key excerpts. This summer, I am hoping to return to this subject, elaborating on a blueprint for how secular humanists and the non-religious can engage with their local communities on commonly shared values and goals, promoting mutual learning and dialogue while improving the image of non-believers. From the Buffalo News:
Kurtz worries that, even worse, the momentum he helped build toward a less faith-bound world is now overly focused on attacking religion, at the expense of other goals."It's become fixated in recent years on atheism, the criticism of religion," he said. "And I think that's a strategic blunder. Not just a strategic blunder, but a philosophical and ethical one, as well."Don't misunderstand Kurtz, who hasn't had a change of heart in his advanced years. He has always viewed religions skeptically. "They were spawned during an agricultural, rural time," he said. "They don't apply to the modern world."He still doesn't believe in a god or an afterlife, because "there's no evidence for that."At the same time, he sees a place for believers in the broad spectrum of secular humanism -- in large part because, without them, any movement toward societies based on principles of humanism, rather than faith, will go nowhere."Let's say the atheists are successful, and religion continues to decline, so what do you have, a vacuum?" he said. "That's really the burning issue in America today: How shall I live? What should I strive for?"
[Note: A native of Buffalo, I worked at the Center for Inquiry between 1997-1999 before heading to graduate school. Lee Nisbet, quoted in the Buffalo News article, is my uncle.]
Our bodies are chronically in "threat mode"—but being kind recalibrates our nervous system
Being kind to others positively impacts your physical and mental health, according to this groundbreaking research by Stanford professor Dr. James Doty.


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Commercial Landscaping Allston MA
Boston Landscape Co. 781.438.6690
Boston Landscape provides commercial landscaping Allston MA and we service commercial property owners, condominium owners and apartment complexes throughout Allston MA and surrounding communities. Our Allston MA commercial landscaping services range from new lawn installations, to landscape clean ups, to foundation plantings, to major renovations and commercial property maintenance services. Whether you need detailed landscaping, routine maintenance or customized project management, we have the commercial landscaping experience to exceed your Allston MA property needs. We will improve the outdoor appearance of your commercial property or business in Allston MA.
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Original research
Peer reviewed
Influence of age and maternal antibodies on antibody responses of neonatal piglets vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
C. Hodgins, DVM, PhD; Patricia E. Shewen, DVM, MSc, PhD; Cate E. Dewey, DVM, MSc, PhD
DCH, PES: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario; CED: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontari; Corresponding author: Dr D. C. Hodgins, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1; Tel: 519-823-8800, ext 54758; Fax: 519-824-5930; E-mail: email@example.com
Cite as: Hodgins DC, Shewen PE, Dewey CE. Influence of age and maternal antibodies on antibody responses of neonatal piglets vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Swine Health Prod. 2004;12(1):10-16.
Also available as a PDF.
Objective: To assess the relative importance of age and maternal antibodies on antibody responses of neonatal piglets to a commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine.
Methods: Piglets from 20 sows in each of two commercial swine operations (with serological evidence of M hyopneumoniae exposure) were vaccinated once at 2, 3, or 4 weeks of age with an M hyopneumoniae bacterin, or were nonvaccinated controls. Serum IgG antibodies were assayed by ELISA, using surface antigens of M hyopneumoniae, in serum samples collected from pigs in the first week of life and at prevaccination, 3 weeks postvaccination, and 2.5 months of age. Sows were vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae in Herd B, but not in Herd A.
Results: In Herd A, piglets had moderate titers of maternal antibodies. Vaccinated pigs had significantly higher antibody responses than nonvaccinates. Higher prevaccination titers were associated with lower responses. Age at vaccination was not associated with response to vaccination. In Herd B, piglets had high titers of maternal antibodies. Antibody titers of vaccinated pigs did not decline as rapidly as those of nonvaccinated pigs, and vaccinates had higher titers at 2.5 months of age.
Implications: Titer of maternal antibodies, but not age (ie, immaturity of immune function), is a major concern when piglets are vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae. Vaccination of pigs as young as 2 weeks of age may induce active antibody responses in the presence of moderate titers of maternal antibodies. Caution should be used in extrapolating these findings to other vaccines and vaccination protocols
Keywords: swine, Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae, vaccination, maternal antibody,neonate
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Received: November
9, 2002
Accepted: April 9, 2003
Enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a common and economically important disease of swine.1 Early induction of active immunity is desirable, as transmission of M hyopneumoniae may occur from sow to piglet preweaning and between piglets postweaning.1 Immune responses of neonates in general differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those of mature animals because of a combination of immaturity of immune function and suppressive effects of maternal antibodies.2,3 The age at which neonates become competent to mount immune responses to specific antigens varies with the species and the antigen of interest.3
In various species, maternal antibodies inhibit immune responses to antigens of both viral and bacterial pathogens in both replicating and nonreplicating vaccines.4,5 The effects of maternal antibodies on immune responses depend on initial serum antibody titers following absorption of colostral antibodies and on the serum half-life of these antibodies. Thus, responses to vaccination are likely to improve with age, as piglet immune function matures and titers of maternal antibodies decline. Optimal vaccination strategy must balance the advantage of delayed vaccination (ie, enhanced immune responses) with the need to induce immunity before exposure to the pathogen.
Vaccine formulation may also affect the ability of neonates to mount active immune responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. Some vaccine adjuvants6,7 moderate the suppressive effects of maternal antibodies by enhancing immunogenicity. Increasing the mass of antigen in a vaccine may also reduce the effects of maternal antibodies.8 It is thus particularly unwise to extrapolate research findings from a study using one vaccine preparation to a different population with different levels of maternal antibodies receiving a different vaccine of largely unknown formulation.
Although vaccination against M hyopneumoniae is widely practiced, many aspects of immunity to M hyopneumoniae (including the identity of protective antigens) remain unclear. This study was undertaken to assess the relative importance of age and titer of maternal antibodies on antibody responses to an M hyopneumoniae vaccine, as a starting point for more rational use of vaccines to control enzootic pneumonia. To provide a broader base for interpretation, the work was carried out in two commercial swine herds with widely differing levels of maternal antibodies.
Materials and methods
Experimental animals and design
Seven piglets from each of 20 sows in each of two commercial herds (140 piglets per herd) were selected by systematic random allocation to be vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae at 2, 3, or 4 weeks of age or to be nonvaccinated control animals. Vaccination against M hyopneumoniae was not practiced in Herd A. In Herd B, gilts were vaccinated twice before breeding with a commercial M hyopneumoniae vaccine (Suvaxyn MH/HPS; Ayerst Veterinary Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada), and received booster doses of another M hyopneumoniae vaccine (Respisure; Pfizer Animal Health, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada) 2 weeks before their estimated farrowing dates. Pigs in both herds were weaned at 14 to 19 days of age.
The youngest 20 litters of pigs born 2 to 6 days prior to the farm visit were included in the study. Litters were excluded if the pigs had been cross fostered. Weak, poor-doing pigs that were not expected to live were also excluded from the selected litters. Within selected litters, pigs were sorted by size from the largest to the smallest and were ear tagged. Pigs were systematically allocated to one of four treatment groups (vaccination at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks, or nonvaccinated control) beginning with the largest pig and working in sequence towards the smallest. The fifth largest pig was allocated to the same group as the largest pig, and the sequence continued until a maximum of seven pigs had been allocated. The largest pig in the next litter was allocated to the next treatment in the sequence, and the process was continued. This procedure was followed because it was anticipated that some pigs would die before 11 weeks of age, and representation of all treatments in all litters was desired. By the end of the study, there was an average of 32 pigs per treatment group in each herd.
A single 2-mL dose of an M hyopneumoniae bacterin (Ingelvac M hyo; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, St Joseph, Missouri) was administered intramuscularly to pigs in vaccinated groups. This vaccine, consisting of killed organisms in a water-in-oil emulsion, was licensed as a one-dose vaccine for use in piglets 3 weeks of age and older; administration at 2 weeks of age therefore constituted extra-label use of this vaccine.
Blood was collected from sows in the first week after farrowing. Blood was collected from their piglets in the first week of life (Week 0, at least 24 hours after farrowing) and at the conclusion of the study (10 to 11 weeks of age). In addition, blood was collected from vaccinated pigs immediately before vaccination and 3 weeks postvaccination. Blood was collected from nonvaccinated pigs at ages corresponding to sampling ages of pigs in the three vaccination groups. A total of four blood samples were collected from vaccinated pigs and a total of eight or nine samples were collected from nonvaccinated pigs. Sera were stored at -20°C until the time of assay.
Sow sera and the first two sera collected from each piglet were tested at a 1:10 dilution for antibodies to M hyopneumoniae using the DAKO Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ELISA Kit (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) to provide a means of comparing antigenic exposure in the two study herds with that in other herds of interest. This widely available commercial test uses monoclonal antibodies to a single 74-kd protein of M hyopneumoniae in a competitive ELISA to classify individuals as positive or negative for exposure to this organism, but provides only limited information as to the quantity of antibody present. In order to generate quantitative data on titers of maternal antibodies in piglets and to quantify their responses following vaccination, a modified Tween-20 ELISA was used.
Tween-20 ELISA
Serum IgG antibody titers to Tween-20 extracted antigens of M hyopneumoniae were assayed using the method of Bereiter et al,9 with modifications. Antigen was extracted from chemically inactivated culture material provided by the vaccine manufacturer (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) in order to match the antigens present in the vaccine. Immulon 2HB U-bottom 96-well microtiter plates (Dynex Technologies, Chantilly, Virginia) were coated with 100 mL per well of extracted antigen (10 mg per mL protein as determined by the Lowry10 protein assay) in carbonate coat buffer (sodium carbonate 45 mM, sodium bicarbonate 18 mM, pH 9.6), for 3 hours at 37°C. Plates were washed between steps with physiological saline containing 0.05% Tween-20 (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, New Jersey). Sera were diluted in a sample buffer of 25 mM Tris buffered saline solution (pH 8.0) with 1% bovine serum albumin (ICN Biomedical, Costa Mesa, California) and 0.05% Tween-20, and dispensed to duplicate wells in 100-mL volumes. Sera were diluted as necessary in order that optical densities after color development fell within the linear response range of a dilution series of a high-titer, positive control serum, which was assayed on each plate. A gamma chain specific goat anti-swine IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Kirkegaard - Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, Maryland) was used with p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Kirkegaard-Perry Laboratories) as substrate for color development. Titers were calculated by the method of Sacks et al.5,11,12 Seroconversion was defined as a fourfold or greater increase in serum IgG antibody titer.
Statistical analysis
IgG serum antibody titers were transformed using a log base 2 transformation for all statistical analyses. Initially, the piglet serum IgG antibody titers were regressed on time for time points when sera were available from pigs in all groups (Week 0 and at the end of the study), controlling for litter as a random variable using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inc, Cary, North Carolina). This procedure takes clustering (multiple pigs in the same litter) into account in calculating P values. When significant differences were evident among experimental groups, titers were regressed on vaccination status by comparing nonvaccinated pigs to each vaccinated group using contrasts. The interaction term herd*group was included in the model.
Analyses of antibody responses were carried out on the variable "response to vaccination," calculated as the difference between the prevaccination antibody titer and the titer in the same pig 3 weeks postvaccination. The difference was regressed on time after controlling for the random litter variable (using PROC MIXED). For each vaccination protocol (vaccination at 2, 3, or 4 weeks of age), response to vaccination was compared with changes in antibody titers in nonvaccinated control pigs during the same time interval. This was necessary for two reasons. In neonates, in the absence of antigenic stimulation, titers of maternal antibodies decline continuously over time. In addition, under field conditions, antibody responses to natural exposure to
M hyopneumoniae may occur. Comparison of changes in antibody titers in vaccinates to those in nonvaccinates over the same period and in the same environment controls for these two influences. Thus, to assess the effect of age on response to vaccination, distinct from the effects of declining titers of maternal antibodies, the prevaccination titer was included in the model as a covariate.
Maternal antibodies
In Herd A, in which sows were not vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae, 25% of the sows tested positive by DAKO ELISA, and the proportion of litters with antibodies detectable by this test declined rapidly (Table 1). In contrast, in Herd B, in which all sows were vaccinated against M hyopneumoniae, all sows tested positive by DAKO ELISA, and maternal antibodies were detected in pigs in all litters up to the time of vaccination.
The distribution of titers of maternal antibodies in piglets under a week of age, as measured by a quantitative ELISA using Tween-20 antigen, is presented in Figure 1. Least squares means of titers were higher in piglets in Herd B (Figure 2, P < .001).
Antibody responses to vaccination
Least squares means of IgG antibody titers of pigs over the duration of the study are presented in Figure 2. Initial statistical analyses performed on combined data from the two study herds showed that serum antibody titers in the first week of life were significantly higher in Herd B than in Herd A. In addition, the interaction term herd* group was significant in models examining the effects of vaccination on antibody responses,indicating that responses differed significantly in the two herds. Therefore, subsequent analyses were performed on an individual herd basis.
Herd A. Least squares means of maternal IgG antibody titers in the first week of life were approximately 25-fold lower in Herd A than in Herd B (Figure 2). The majority of vaccinated piglets responded to vaccination with rising IgG antibody titers (Figure 3). In pigs vaccinated at 2, 3, or 4 weeks of age, serum IgG antibody responses 3 weeks after vaccination were significantly higher than those in nonvaccinated pigs over matching time intervals (Table 2), despite a gradual increase in least squares means of antibody titers in nonvaccinated pigs after about 40 days of age in this herd (Figure 2). Indeed, 45% of nonvaccinated pigs in this herd seroconverted by 11 weeks of age (Table 3). The magnitude of antibody responses did not differ among the three vaccinated groups (with prevaccination titer as a covariate to adjust for declining titers of maternal antibodies). Higher prevaccination titers were associated with lower responses to vaccination (P < .001). At 11 weeks of age, pigs in all vaccinated groups continued to have significantly higher titers than nonvaccinates (Figure 2).
Herd B. The least squares means of maternal antibody titers were higher for pigs in Herd B than in Herd A (Figure 2), and few pigs responded to vaccination with increases in antibody titers (Figure 3). Responses following vaccination at 2 weeks of age did not differ (P = .33) from changes in titers in nonvaccinates over the matching time interval (Table 2). Responses were higher (P = .02) in pigs vaccinated at 3 weeks of age compared to nonvaccinates (Table 2). In pigs vaccinated at 4 weeks of age, there was a trend (P = .06) toward higher responses compared to nonvaccinates (Table 2). The magnitude of antibody responses among the three vaccinated groups (with prevaccination titer as a covariate to adjust for declining titers of maternal antibodies) did not differ. Higher prevaccination titers were associated with lower responses to vaccination (P < .001).
In contrast to the situation in Herd A, least squares means of antibody titers declined in all study groups up to 10 weeks of age (Figure 2), and seroconversion did not occur in any of the nonvaccinated pigs by 10 weeks of age (Table 3). In spite of the modest number of pigs with absolute increases in titers following vaccination, pigs in all vaccinated groups had significantly higher titers than nonvaccinates by 10 weeks of age. On average, the rate of decline of serum antibody titers was less precipitous for vaccinates than for nonvaccinates (Figure2).
In nonvaccinated mature animals, positive results with the DAKO M hyopneumoniae ELISA, a qualitative commercial ELISA, suggest exposure to M hyopneumoniae. Serological results for neonatal piglets that have received colostrum provide a crude means of assessing transfer and decline of maternal antibodies. There is continuing uncertainty about which immune mechanisms are responsible for protection against M hyopneumoniae, and which mechanisms contribute to development of lung lesions. Colostral antibodies may provide partial protection against experimental challenge13 and naturally occurring disease.14 Monoclonal antibodies to an adhesin of M hyopneumoniae inhibit adherence to the cilia of tracheal epithelial cells in an in vitro model.15 Djordjevic et al,16 however, reported that serum antibody titers do not correlate with protection against experimental challenge. Thacker et al17 found that neither blood lymphocyte proliferative responses nor serum antibody titers correlated with protection on an individual pig basis, but that group antibody titers were related to group percentage pneumonic lung tissue. Recent work by Thacker et al18 suggests that interferon-[gamma]-secreting T lymphocytes and antibodies present at mucosal sites may be important in protection against experimental challenge.
For the present, until specific antigens are identified as inducing protective responses, quantitation of serum antibody responses to complex antigen mixtures serves to monitor immune responses to vaccine antigens in general, but does not predict protective effects.
Early induction of active immunity is a critical goal for vaccination programs to control enzootic pneumonia in modern pig operations. Transmission of M hyopneumoniae may occur from sow to piglets before weaning, or among piglets in the nursery.1 Vaccination is most likely to be effective if active immunity can be established before natural disease exposure. In Herd A, mean serum IgG antibody titers in nonvaccinated pigs began to rise slowly after 6 weeks of age, suggesting early exposure to M hyopneumoniae in some individuals in this herd. Indeed, 45% of nonvaccinated pigs seroconverted (fourfold or greater increases in serum antibody titers) by 11 weeks of age, indicating antigen exposure. In contrast, in Herd B, mean titers had not begun to rise by 10 weeks of age in nonvaccinates, and seroconversion was not detected. This may have been due to lack of early exposure, or high levels of maternal antibodies may have prevented effective growth of the mycoplasma. Alternatively, high titers of maternal antibodies may have interfered with detection of low titer responses.
Immunization of neonates is complicated both by immaturity of immune function and by immunosuppressive effects of maternal antibodies.2,3 Immune deficits in neonates include reduced levels of serum complement components,19 reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules on lymphocytes,20 and reduced numbers of antigen presenting cells.21 Immune responsiveness of neonates varies with the antigen under study and the species of interest.3 In this study, antibody responses to extracted surface antigens of M hyopneumoniae did not differ significantly by age at vaccination (after adjusting for prevaccination titers of maternal antibodies). This may reflect earlier maturation of immune function in pigs in general compared to other domestic species, or may be specific for the antigens in the study vaccine. In pigs, serum levels of complement component C3 (a protein important in antigen uptake, leukocyte activation, and induction of immune memory) reach adult levels by 2 weeks of age,19 much younger than in other domestic species.22Although the effects of passive antibodies on active immune responses have been under intermittent investigation since 1892,23 there has been a recent resurgence of research interest in the immunological mechanisms involved.24-26 There is a growing consensus that although antibody (B-lymphocyte) responses of neonates are suppressed by maternal antibodies, T-lymphocyte responses are unimpaired.25,26 In addition, sensitization of B lymphocytes for anamnestic antibody responses may occur following vaccination in the presence of maternal antibodies even if no primary response is detectable.26 In Herd A, significant serum IgG antibody responses occurred in pigs vaccinated as young as 2 weeks of age in the presence of moderate titers of maternal antibodies. Mean titers rose continuously from the time of vaccination until monitoring ended at 11 weeks of age. In contrast, in Herd B, titers of maternal antibodies were approximately 25-fold higher, and mean antibody titers of vaccinates did not rise following vaccination. The rate of decline of serum antibody titers did moderate, however, compared to that of nonvaccinates, so that by 10 weeks of age, mean titers of vaccinates were significantly higher than those of nonvaccinates. This finding is consistent with a primary immune response of relatively low magnitude, and perhaps delayed kinetics, in the vaccinated pigs. Serological monitoring for a longer period of time, or experimental challenge with M hyopneumoniae, might clarify the nature of these modified responses.
The high titers of maternal antibodies present in pigs in Herd B made IgG responses difficult to detect, as IgG antibodies of the dams and offspring are not distinguished by the assay. Maternal antibody titers in the pigs were high enough that IgG derived from active responses (of the magnitude seen in Herd A) would have little impact on observed titers on a logarithmic scale. Increases in serum IgM antibodies following vaccination would provide stronger evidence of active immune responses, since titers of maternal IgM antibodies would be low by the time of vaccination because of their short half-life. Unfortunately, sera were not collected from vaccinated pigs at the 1-week interval needed for optimal detection of IgM responses.
The findings of this study have clinical implications .Morris et al27 reported that maternal antibodies to M hyopneumoniae wane at approximately 30, 45, and 63 days in pigs with low, medium, or high titers of maternal antibodies, respectively. From the results of the present study, it is evident that M hyopneumoniae vaccines may induce antibody responses before the complete disappearance of maternal antibodies. The interaction of vaccine and maternal antibodies is expected to vary with the exact formulation of the vaccine and with the titers of maternal antibodies present in the herd. Caution should be exercised in extrapolating results from this study to other vaccines and other vaccination protocols, especially in the absence of herd-specific data on levels of maternal antibodies.
To date, the specific antigens mediating protection against M hyopneumoniae have not been identified. More detailed studies of immune responses of neonatal pigs should be performed once these antigens have been characterized. Experimental challenge studies, field studies of vaccine efficacy, and mathematical models will doubtless all play their roles in defining the optimal age for vaccination to prevent enzootic pneumonia.
- Active antibody responses to M hyopneumoniae can be induced by vaccination in pigs as young as 2 weeks of age, in spite of moderate titers of maternal antibodies.
- Under the conditions of this study, maternal antibodies were associated with reduced antibody responses to vaccination.
- Age at vaccination (distinct from the effect of declining titers of maternal antibodies) was not associated with differences in magnitude of antibody responses to M hyopneumoniae.
The assistance and cooperation of the owners and managers of the commercial swine herds involved in this study are gratefully acknowledged. This study was supported financially by Ontario Pork and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF) through the OMAF-University of Guelph agreement. The technical assistance of Dr Katherine Baldwin and Ms Jennifer Wheeler was much appreciated. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica kindly supplied M hyopneumoniae antigen for assay purposes.
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2. Siegrist CA. Neonatal and early life vaccinology. Vaccine. 2001;19:3331-3346.
3. Banks KL, McGuire TC. Neonatal immunology. In: Halliwell REW, Gorman NT, eds. Veterinary Clinical Immunology. 1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989:193-204.
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*7. deVries P, Visser IKG, Groen J, Broeders HWJ, UytdeHaag FGCM, Osterhaus ADME. Immunogenicity of measles virus ISCOMs in the presence of passively transferred MV-specific antibodies. In: Brown F, Vaccines 90. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1990;139-144.
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11. Sacks JM, Gillette KG, Frank GH. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica: constructing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer. Am J Vet Res. 1988;49:38-41.
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*13. Roof MB, Miller S, Burkhart K, Husa J. Vaccination of sows against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and maternal issues associated with pig vaccination [abstract]. Proc 80th Conf Res Work Anim Dis. 1999. Abstract 194.
14. Rautiainen E, Wallgren P. Aspects of the transmission of protection against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from sow to offspring. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2001;48:55-65.
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17. Thacker EL, Thacker BJ, Boettcher TB, Jayappa H. Comparison of antibody production, lymphocyte stimulation, and protection induced by four commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins. Swine Health Prod. 1998;6:107-112.
18. Thacker EL, Thacker BJ, Kuhn M, Hawkins PA, Waters WR. Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses induced by intramuscular injection of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs. Am J Vet Res. 2000;61:1384-1389.
19. Tyler JW, Cullor JS, Douglas VL, Parker KM, Smith WL. Ontogeny of the third component of complement in neonatal swine. Am J Vet Res. 1989;50:1141-1144.
20. Durandy A, De Saint Basile G, Lisowska-Grospierre B, Gauchat JF, Forveille M, Kroczek RA, Bonnefoy JY, Fischer A. Undetectable CD40 ligand expression on T cells and low B cell responses to CD40 binding agonists in human newborns. J Immunol. 1995;154:1560-1568.
21. Sarzotti M, Robbins DS, Hoffman PM. Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by a murine retrovirus. Science. 1996;271:1726-1728.
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23. Wiersma EJ, Coulie PG, Heyman B. Dual immunoregulatory effects of monoclonal IgG-antibodies: suppression and enhancement of the antibody response. Scand J Immunol. 1989;29:439-448.
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25. Seiler P, Brundler MA, Zimmermann C, Weibel D, Bruns M, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. Induction of protective cytotoxic T cell responses in the presence of high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies: implications for passive and active immunization. J Exp Med. 1998;187:649-654.
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You need to write down each of the info you need on your version and after that post it on your own website. This is a good idea simply because you website a much more personalized sense. You could always position your unique right after any written text if you do not feel like composing a good deal.
Have the articles you write proofread prior to market it. Occasionally you could be so focused on adding keywords and phrases that you may possibly miss simple mistakes within your content material.
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When you create a product overview post, select the product's absolute best function and open up your article along with it. Consist of it from the post name if you can. The quicker you can hook your readers, the better. Your reader could be more fascinated and curious and much more receptive to learning about the item that you are currently analyzing.
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Look into the other business people and authors are performing. Pay attention to what topics have been composed about relatively frequently, and then try to blog about something that has not been included just as much. Build from the concepts.
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At W.C. Branham, we take great pride in the quality of our products, which are built to last. Nonetheless, wear and tear is inevitable. Pneumatic cylinders used in industrial applications or in heavy machinery, for instance, often face extremely demanding working conditions. They are constantly moving, often fast and under tremendous force.
Most Common Pneumatic Cylinder Issues
Problems can vary according to the type of pneumatic cylinder and application, but there are some common symptoms you may see:
- The actuator is moving too slowly
- The cylinder is "drifting" out of position
- Cylinder movement is erratic
- Seals are visibly leaking
These issues can be caused by:
- Incorrect air supply – either too much air or low air pressure due to leakage
- Loose tie rods
- Worn, cracked, or torn seals
- Contamination (dirt or moisture)
- Off-center loads
Sometimes there's a relatively easy fix
In some cases, you will have to disassemble and reassemble the cylinder, but repairing or replacing components can often keep downtime to a minimum and prolong the life of the cylinder. That gives you the best return on your investment. For this reason, W.C. Branham offers field repair kits for our cable cylinders and our pneU-SA rodless pneumatic cylinders, as well as our DURATRK and MAGTEC rodless cylinders. We recommend you stock a kit for each type of cylinder you're using, so you can make repairs as quickly as possible.
But we all know the best offense is a good defense. So establish a regular schedule for inspections and preventive maintenance. Clean equipment performs best and lasts longest. Detecting and fixing small problems before they cause productivity problems or outright failures saves money and prevents costly downtime.
Always make sure the power supply is off and any leftover air has been released before beginning your pneumatic cylinder repair. This is a critical safety issue. Inspect the cylinder, tube, and rod seal – these are the most vulnerable components. Replace seals or make other repairs as soon as you detect damage.
Lubricate the following components, as necessary:
- Piston outer surface and rod surface
- Piston seal groove, plus the inner and outer surface
- Rod seal
- Rod seal groove on the rod cover
- Tube gaskets
- Tube inner surface
Sometimes it's better to invest in a new cylinder
If you find extensive damage to your pneumatic cylinder, it's probably time to replace the unit instead of trying to repair it. However, if you're having repeat problems, you may be using the wrong pneumatic cylinder.
Before you replace your failing cylinder with the same product, talk to us. Pneumatic cylinders can be customized, and a custom-designed cylinder could give you the best performance. We can help you troubleshoot, to determine the best, most cost-effective long-term fix.


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Two Japanese Navy (Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force) Ships called at the port here on Wednesday after completing their four month anti-piracy deployment in the Gulf of Aden.
The ships— JDS Murasame and JDS Harusame — arrived even as the Indian and Japanese navies completed JIMEX-12, the first ever naval exercise between the two countries off Tokyo last week.
Captain Katsuya Yamamoto, Commander, Escort Division One of JMSDF, arrived aboard JDS Murasame as the senior officer of the visiting Japanese team.
The ships were received at berth by representatives from the Southern Naval Command with the band in attendance. Captain Yamamoto and commanding officers of the two ships called on Rear Admiral S.Y. Shrikhande, Chief of Staff of the Southern Naval Command, on Thursday. The itinerary of the Japanese Navy on Friday includes briefings on anti-piracy measures besides other professional exchanges.
There will also be 'Passex' - passage exercise at sea between the two navies as the Japanese warships leave Kochi on Saturday morning.
In another event, the Southern Naval Command hosted 73 international student officers from 15 countries who have commenced their specialisation courses at various training schools at the Naval Base.
In his welcome address on Wednesday evening, Rear Admiral Shrikhande wished them a professionally and personally rewarding experience in 'Gods Own Country' and with the Indian Navy.
He said their presence at the training command of the Indian Navy was a very important manifestation of the good relationship between their countries and India.


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Swiss International Air Lines is the national airline of Switzerland, operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America, South America, Africa and Asia. Zurich Airport is its hub, Geneva Airport is a focus city. The airline was formed following the bankruptcy in 2002 of Swissair, Switzerland's then flag carrier. The new airline was built around what had been Swissair's regional subsidiary, Crossair. Swiss retains Crossair's IATA code LX (Swissair's code was SR). It assumed Swissair's old ICAO code of SWR (Crossair's was CRX), to maintain international traffic rights. It is a member of Star Alliance and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. Its headquarters are at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg near Basel, Switzerland, and an office at Zurich Airport in Kloten, Switzerland.
ICAO Code SWR
Company Headquarter Basel , Switzerland
Number of Destinations 102
Year of Operation 2002
Fleet Size 89
Alliance Star Alliance


text: Known for its ivory work, industries and sculptures, Varanasi is a place that does not lack creativity and class. The residents of the city are looking for jewellery that adds to their status and makes them look different from the rest. So eJOHRI is here to show them what is in fashion and how they can easily purchase best of jewellery and antiques online without any risk or default. Particular about quality and designs, eJOHRI only offers best of the accessories and items that a woman can dream of and yet not cross the budget line by shopping online at affordable prices.


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Transparency Market Research Report Added "E-Clinical Trial Solutions Market" to its database.
Albany, NY -- (SBWIRE) -- 05/11/2016 -- Technology will be at the forefront of cutting-edge modern healthcare of which clinical research is an essential component, summarizes a report by Transparency Market Research (TMR). In TMR's new report on the e-clinical trial solutions market, factors aiding the expeditious use of technology with clinical research are explained at length. The title of the report is, "E-Clinical Trial Solutions Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 – 2019." To present this analysis, the report looks into growth drivers, restraints, technological developments, and product innovations for e-clinical trial solutions across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World for the forecast period.
E-clinical trial solutions refer to a combination of products, technologies, and services that coalesce to automate and manage clinical trials. These solutions are employed for the automation of processes in a bid to minimize human errors for clinical trials. Clinical experiments for novel drugs and medical devices require vast amounts of data to be scrutinized and utilized effectively. With the utilization of technology, the real-time analysis of this data has become easier, thereby leading to enhanced speed of clinical trials. This directly translates into benefits of reduced clinical trial costs, efficient data management, and integration of data from fewer trials for validated research outcomes. With technology advancing further, the development of user-friendly software and awareness about compliance benefits will aid the acceptance of e-clinical solutions for clinical research. These factors are collectively favoring the growth of the global e-clinical trial solutions market.
Get a Sample of this Report: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=B&rep_id=1792
The report studies the global e-clinical trial solutions market on the basis of technology, end user, and geography. Clinical trial management solutions (CTMS), randomization and trial supply management system, interactive voice response systems (IVRS), electronic data capture solutions, and electronic patient reported outcome (ePRO) are the technology segments of this market. By end user, the segments of this market are healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and clinical research organizations (CROs). Presently, in clinical studies, outsourcing of clinical studies to CROs is trending, which is leading to an increase in the number of CROs. In particular, China and India have emerged as major locations for clinical trial outsourcing due to the availability of skilled personnel at a lower cost and relatively new infrastructure for clinical studies.
Web hosted (on-demand), cloud-based, and licensed enterprise (on-premise) are the segments of this market based on the mode of delivery.
Some of the leading companies in the global e-clinical trial solutions market are Oracle Health Sciences, eResearch Technology Inc., SA Institute Inc., Datatrak International, BioClinica, Clinipace Worldwide, Medidata Solutions, and Parexel International Corporation.
Contact us:
Mr. Sudip S
Transparency Market Research
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Suite 700,
United States
Tel: +1-518-618-1030
USA - Canada Toll Free 866-552-3453
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Website: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/


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After this brief but important introduction, I will quickly go over the list, without much embellishment, then afterwards, I will go over best practices for using the list. I plan to do a video presentation of this material so check the Metaphysics Today YouTube channel for the video of this list which will include a little more explanatory content.
Let me open by saying this content if for quality people looking for quality relationships. This dating advice can apply to straight or gay folks. It also applies to people who are dating over 40 as well as people who have previously been married. It is not about how you like to do it or with which gender you are attracted to for love or how old or 'around the block' you are. These are about the heart and mind, and enduring, potentially deeply fulfilling, quality romantic, life mate level relationships.
If you are the type (or are experimenting with being the type) of person who just desires lusty, crusty couplings, then this message is not for you. However, If you are even the slightest bit interested in marrying someday, especially to start a family, you would be wise to take your dating time seriously. Why? Because people can be upset and damaged by bad non committed relationships arguably just as deeply as by committed relationships gone sour. Why let unworthy people mess you up even before you meet your life mate?
With the prevalence of incurable venereal diseases, curable but damaging venereal diseases, and seemingly more and more crazy people – what with all the prescribed and non-prescribed medications people take these days – roaming the earth, and the high cost of dating and living- why expose yourself to so much *hit when there is only a limited amount of shinola out there for you?
Here I will teach you how to quickly screen and move on from obvious from the gate, 'go nowhere' potential couplings, so you can save your heart, mind, and body from the life grinding sludge heap of junk you will otherwise expose yourself to – and get gunked up by – for no good reason.
So, let's get started…
One of the most powerful indicators of whether you are dating someone worth your time is how they choose to respond to even being asked these types of questions I present here. If someone responds with something like, 'hey' i'm just interested in keeping it light' or 'I'm not comfortable with talking about these types of personal questions' or ' hey, lets just have some fun and see what happens', know you are wasting your time with someone who does not share your goals and who probably sleeps around. Why pick up all their collected physical and spiritual heebeegeebies? Why do you deserve that? Even if this used to be you, why go backwards to these kinds of shallow people? You'd just be setting yourself back, no doubt for nothing that will be worth it in the end.
This is not an anti sex talk. Sex is great. However, the proof is out there that too much casual sex is harmful in many ways to both men and women. Scoff if you wish, but deep down you know it's true. Freedom to enjoy casual sex goes well beyond birth control. There is still the emotional, spiritual, social, and physical ramifications of sleeping around, just because your horny, or trying to prove to yourself or others that you are 'free' and can do what you like. That just does not add up to a healthy and wise outcome.
Now, let's go over the 20 questions to ask a new man or woman during the first few dates:
- How do you spend your down time?
- What makes you laugh?
- What are your long term goals?
- What is something on your bucket list?
- What is your relationship like with your parents?
- Are you hoping for a relationship or just fun?
- What do you value most in a relationship?
- What quality is most attractive to you in a partner?
- Name three things you would like to have in common with your partner?
- For what in life do you feel most grateful?
- Do you like animals / plants as part of your home environment?
- What do you believe is your worst quality?
- What is one thing you will not tolerate in a relationship?
- Are you family oriented?
- What is your biggest strength?
- What is your biggest weakness?
- Are you a grudge holder?
- Are you spiteful or vengeful?
- What is the longest relationship you have been in and how did it end?
- How do you nurture your own spirituality?
These are not the only important questions to ask prior to engagement or marriage, these are just the questions to ask to filter out people you do not need to ever take seriously for purposes of becoming a life mate. For hundreds more questions and dozens of topics which need to be asked prior to marriage get a copy of this book, THE LIFE MATE QUESTIONS: 600 Questions and Topics to Consider and Ask for Happily Ever After, by Cathleen Vaune Carr available on Amazon.com
Okay, back to these 20 Dating Questions…
These 20 questions have been carefully curated to not be construed by an otherwise well intentioned, quality person, as being too intrusive. A quality person will immediately understand your reason for inquiry without you even having to explain yourself. If they are open to the same outcome as you they will be grateful to have the subjects broached, so they too, do not have to waste their valuable time. This is a fair approach because it gives both parties 20 chances up front to determine if more time, money, and energy need be invested.
Let's be clear, you do not need to ask all these questions on the first date. That would be ridiculous and accurately perceived as desperate. Pace yourself and learn more about the strategy for doing so later in this message.
Understand, I have not put these 20 questions into any particular order, mostly because I know each of you has our own priorities and must follow how our own mind works. So, you can put them in to whatever order makes the most sense to you, then when the conversation feels right, ask one question only, then LISTEN carefully to the answer.
If you do not understand what the verb 'to listen' truly means, immediately read a few articles, posts or books on the subject. Next meditate on HOW TO LISTEN, until you can actually LISTEN to another person while they are speaking to you.
After your date has finished speaking, and you have taken a moment to consider what they have said, then ask clarifying questions if you did not understand them completely. Also, and this is important,… pause and wait to see if they ask you the same or similar question. This step is important because it will reveal whether this person is self centered and/ or perhaps not interested enough in you to care. Does not it stand to reason that if they are interested in you, or at least interested in not wasting their own time, they would want to know about your answers to these same questions?
Then and only then, move on to question #2 on your list, if it feels right to do so. Otherwise, leave the next question for another time. Chances are, there is absolutely no need to rush. The last thing you want is for someone to feel he or she is being interrogated because you cannot stop asking questions. Breathe and relax yourself if you find yourself becoming anxious. Its okay to feel excited, but do not let your excitement ruin your chances of being positively perceived. At this stage of the proceedings, (notice I did not say 'game', games are for players – and you are more respectable than that, right?) it will be hard to come back from a show of bad form if you let anxiety or poorly managed excitement get the best of you.
Another good method of approaching these questions at a reasonable pace is to allow yourself no more than a few questions per date. That gives you at least several more dates with this person and a fair chance of getting a real feel for them, and them for you, while you are doing your 'homework'. Keep your pants on and only go to places where you can talk that do not cost lots of money and do not have a strong romantic vibe until you are satisfied that this person is worth more substantial investment. This applies equally to the other person regarding you.
Now, the reason I mention money, is that many people feel 'owed' or 'pressured' when the expenditure of money becomes too excessive (dependent on the respective parties means) early on in a dating environment. So rather than get into 'value' judgment issues, just keep money out of it in the first place. Frankly, if a person is only going to go out with you if you are going to spend lots of money, well there's a big hint right there that they are not smitten with you, but rather with what you can provide to him or her. I'll leave it up to you to figure out how that makes you feel. I'm not judging you, just warning you.
Next, after you and your date have gotten past the 20 questions, you have two sensible options you can avail yourselves of to help you resolve the next set of most important questions; those being whether you and / or your date are wired for commitment and marriage. Trust me, not every one is. That does not mean they are not a nice person or even a great friend and lover. It means they do not do well in confining relationships or relationships that require a lot of focused devotion on another person. this could be for many reasons. I can help you easily sort this issue out with a Commitment / Marriage Ability Consultation. Also, if after your happily past the early dating stage, and later have run into problems, I can still help you with my 1 Question email consult. Both of these services- and others -are explained in detail here on the MetaphysicsLessons.com website.
So there you have it. So here you get the goods and how to use them in one place. It is wise of you to be smart about your heart! Remember, these are 20 questions that can save you time, money, and heartache while you are on one of the most important journeys of your life – the hunt for a life mate. Happy hunting!
Wishing you all the best!
Dr. Vaune
WORTH A WATCH! My Conscious Valentine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D02Bvo7I-44
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