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BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) with foundation year
Digital technology is transforming the retail industry, revealing a wide range of opportunities for skilled managers with up-to-date knowledge and creative retailing ideas. Graduates of our BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) with foundation year pathway also receive the CMI Level 5 Diploma in Leadership and Management – this impressive dual-award offers an excellent start to a career with global opportunities.
Course details
Business management qualifications open doors and are considered essential whether you are looking to pursue a career in business, or achieve higher levels of responsibility in your current work.
Our BSc (Hons) in Business Management (Retail) with foundation year offers a strong grounding in an essential range of contemporary business management subjects combined with the opportunity to focus your studies in the final year. When you successfully complete the course you'll also receive the CMI Level 5 Diploma in Leadership and Management.
The foundation year is the first year of this four-year degree, offering an excellent grounding in the fundamentals of business and management alongside study skills development. It's designed to prepare you for degree level study.
By studying core modules that are common between all our BSc (Hons) Business Management programmes, you'll be exposed to key concepts in areas such as business law, leadership and people management, marketing, strategic management, information systems and big data, project management, finance, innovation and enterprise. This solid foundation will support your advanced studies into specialist areas including retail operations, global consumer behaviour and digital marketing strategy.
- UCAS points: 48
- Start date: 21/09/2020
- Location: The University of Bolton
- Award: BSc (Hons)
- UCAS code: N361
- Duration: 4 years
Course highlights:
- Our team of highly knowledgeable and enthusiastic business management lecturers offer face-to-face sessions and one-to-one support, ensuring you can access help and advice when you need it.
- On successful completion of this dual award course you'll receive both an academic degree and a professionally-recognised management qualification – the CMI Level 5 Diploma in Leadership and Management. You don't need to take extra exams or coursework to achieve the Diploma – we combine our degree module and CMI assessments streamlining your route to both qualifications.
- This course is part of our Business Management suite of degrees. All students study the same modules during the first three years of this four-year degree to gain an in depth knowledge of the major business disciplines. At Honours level, you can follow the specialist pathway in Retail, choose to transfer to one of our other specialist pathways in Law, People Management, Supply Chain, Finance, Marketing or Enterprise, or follow the core Business Management route.
- Face-to-face sessions and one-to-one support is offered by our team of highly experienced and enthusiastic lecturers who have worked in a wide range of businesses ranging from multinational organisation to SMEs.
- The University offers excellent 24/7 library and IT facilities, WiFi, and well-appointed learning areas.
Key features:
- This course is offered within our vibrant Institute of Management environment in Bolton town centre.
- We use small group and tutorial teaching, so you have the opportunity to benefit from the excellent support offered by our teaching staff.
- We regularly invite guest speakers who hold senior positions in industry and practice, enabling you to benefit from their knowledge and advice.
- Course materials are available online, allowing you to prepare work at home and make the most of the highly interactive in-class tuition.
- Contemporary research findings are woven into our teaching. We offer a robust academic underpinning to your studies of business management.
- Our dedicated team will support you as you develop critical thinking and research skills and apply these during your final year dissertation.
Entry requirements
- UCAS points: 48
- Start date: 21/09/2020
- Location: The University of Bolton
- Award: BSc (Hons)
- UCAS code: N361
- Duration: 4 years
Any subjects are acceptable at Level 3.
You should also have five GCSEs at grade C or above or grade 4 to 9 (or equivalent) including English Language.
If you have non-traditional entry qualifications and relevant experience, or a suitable portfolio of work that we consider a reasonable substitute for the qualifications we typically accept for this course, then we will be happy to consider your application.
You may be required to attend an interview and/or provide a portfolio of work.
If English isn't your first language you'll also need IELTS 6.0 with no less than 5.5 in any band (or equivalent). We also accept a range of other English language qualifications – please visit our English Language Requirements web page for more details. Find out more
If English is your second language and you feel you need extra help with your language skills, you have the option of studying specialist language modules during the foundation year. Please contact the English for Academic Purposes team for further information and advice.
Career opportunities
Our dual award BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) with foundation year course is designed to provide a broad understanding of business functions within the business and commercial world with the opportunity to develop expertise in the specific area of retail.
The course offers you a route into general management as well as the specialist area of retail, so you can tailor your skills and knowledge to pursue your chosen career. Areas such as business supply chain management, enterprise, finance, law, marketing and people management would also be open to you. The dual qualification gained on successful completion of this course is designed to enhance your employability in your preferred field of management.
In addition to nurturing academic and sector specific knowledge, the programme aims to support your development of key employability skills, such as critical thinking, problem solving and data analysis. Overall, the course aims to give you an essential appreciation of the skills needed to thrive and adapt in the changing world of work.
What can I do with this qualification?
Graduates with specialist retail knowledge underpinned by a broader understanding of how businesses and managers operate have a competitive advantage when entering employment or self-employment. As a graduate of this course, you'll be equipped to enter a wide range of business and management roles in the public, private and voluntary sectors. Possessing retail-specific expertise and a knowledge of the operational and staffing concerns relevant in a retail environment is valuable for roles where you advise organisations on retailing matters. You might also pursue a career as a manager within the retailing sector. Alternatively, you'll be well placed to embark on careers in areas such as marketing, human resource management, finance, customer service management, advertising, merchandising, logistics and supply chain management and accountancy.
You may choose to undertake further study in order to develop your expertise in a particular area. A wide range of postgraduate and professional development courses are available in areas such as human resources, marketing, finance, law, computing and international business management. Studying for an MBA is also another option.
Alternative career options
- Hotel and leisure management
- Public relations
- Financial management
- Information systems
- Market research analysis
- Product management
- Health policy and information
- Purchasing
- Teaching and education
- Media (TV, film, online, newspaper, magazine)
- Self-employment
- Banking
- Auditing and quality assurance
- Project management
- Risk and insurance
Professional recognition
Graduates of the BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) with foundation year pathway will receive a Level 5 Diploma in Leadership and Management from the CMI (Chartered Management Institute).
The Level 5 Diploma is the CMI's benchmark qualification and offers the quickest exemption route towards Chartered Manager (CMgr MCMI) status. Chartered Manager status is only awarded by the CMI and is the highest status that can be achieved in the management profession.
Fees & funding
Home/EU fees
|Year of study
|Entry year
International fees
|Year of study
|Entry year
The fees for a student's course of study will be set for the normal duration of that course subject only to inflationary increases – measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) recorded in March each year to take effect for subsequent start dates.
The University is currently awaiting Government guidelines as to EU fee charges for students commencing study in 2019/20.
UK undergraduate tuition fees are subject to UK government approval and are subject to the outcome of the Teaching Excellence Framework.
How to apply
September start
Please apply through UCAS (the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service) for September entry.
The online application form and guidance notes are available on the UCAS website.
You can apply for up to 5 courses through UCAS (at the same or different institutions) for a fee of £24. Alternatively, if you only wish to apply for a single course at a single institution then a reduced applicant's fee of £13 is applicable.
You will need the following information to complete your UCAS application form:
Institution Code Name: BOLTN
Institution Code Number: B44
Tel: 0870 1122211
Web: www.ucas.com
The University welcomes applications from international students from all over the world. We try to make the application process as simple and as fast as possible for our international applicants.
How you apply is determined by your current location and what you are choosing to study:
- Apply direct to the University. Links for the next available intakes of this course are shown below. Please click the link which will direct you to the online application form. Please read the user guidance before completing this.
- Apply via one of our approved in-country referral partners. A list of our partners may be found on the International pages of this website.
- Apply via UCAS for courses starting in September only – visit www.ucas.com.
Should you have any queries please contact the International Team on +44 (0) 1204 903110 or email email@example.com
Apply online: University of Bolton BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) with Foundation - 21 September 2020
Teaching & assessment
Modules listed below are a mixture of compulsory and optional. You may not have the opportunity to study all the modules as part of the course.
- Academic Skills and PDP
- Business In Practice
- Further Academic Skills
- World of Work
- Applied Business Finance
- Practical Digital Marketing
- Stage C for IFP and Pre-Masters
- Stage D for IFP and Pre-Masters
- Professional and Academic Skills Development
- Business Law
- Business Environment
- Contemporary Issues in Marketing
- Information Systems and Big Data Analysis
- People and Performance
- Business Management and Career Development
- Leading and Managing Teams
- Project Management
- Enterprise, Innovation and Creativity
- Financial Management and Decision Making
- Business Project
- Dissertation
- Strategic Management
- Retail Management
- Global Consumer Behaviour
- Integrated Digital Marketing Strategy
Teaching, learning and assessment
Lectures will be used to introduce the core course content, while seminars will allow you to explore subjects in greater detail. Tutorials offer space for you to ask any questions you have, ensuring you understand the topics covered in the lectures and seminars. We use case studies and practical scenarios as a means to help you learn to apply academic theory to real-life practical scenarios, allowing you to gain insights into contemporary practice in a working business environment. You'll also be expected to undertake considerable guided independent study; for instance, library research and background reading, preparing for seminar and tutorial activities, and working on assignments.
Furthermore, you'll be expected to adopt work-based learning as part of your employment or during a work experience placement.
Guest lectures and presentations by a variety of visiting speakers from relevant employment areas will offer you the chance to further develop your knowledge and understanding.
In terms of assessment, you can expect time constrained exams, essays, reports, presentations, portfolios, and others. These contribute to your final module mark and allow you to demonstrate that you have met the learning outcomes.
We also use other forms of assessment to help you learn, provide you with feedback, and inform your development. These do not, however, count towards your final module mark.
The university will use all reasonable endeavours to deliver your course as described in its published material and the programme specification for the academic year in which you begin your course. Please be aware that our courses are subject to review on an ongoing basis. The content of course modules and mode of associated assessments may be updated on an annual basis. This is to ensure that all modules are up to date and responsive to employment and sector needs. The published course material and the programme specification contain indicative 'optional modules' that may be subject to change due to circumstances outside of our control. For this reason we cannot guarantee to run any specific optional module.
Assessment methods
|Assessment method
|Level One
|Coursework (70%), Practical exams (22%), Written exams (8%)
|Level Two
|Coursework (42%), Practical exams (32%), Written exams (26%)
|Level Three
|Coursework (67%), Practical exams (25%), Written exams (8%)
|Coursework (66%), Practical exams (15%), Written exams (19%)
Learning activities
|Learning activity
|Level One
|Guided independent study (55%), Scheduled learning and teaching activities (45%)
|Level Two
|Guided independent study (66%), Scheduled learning and teaching activities (34%)
|Level Three
|Guided independent study (66%), Placement/study abroad (17%), Scheduled learning and teaching activities (17%)
|Guided independent study (77%), Scheduled learning and teaching activities (23%)
Contact The University
Key facts
UCAS code:
Course type:
Start date:
The University of Bolton
BSc (Hons)
UCAS points:
4 years
Contact us
Ian McDonald
Programme Leader
Email: email@example.com
Telephone: +44 (0)1204 903687
Enquiry Team
University of Bolton
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Telephone: +44 (0)1204 903903
Useful links
Related Programmes
- BSc (Hons) Retail Business Management with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Chartered Manager Degree Apprenticeship) Part-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Law) with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Marketing) with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) BSc Business Management (Finance) with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Supply Chain) with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (People Management) with foundation year Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Retail) Full-time
- BSc (Hons) Business Management (Enterprise) with foundation year Full-time


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Winner at the 2013 International Family Film Festival, for Best Foreign Film Producer – runner up, as well as Best Director.
'a fish story', written, acted and produced by Sam Roberts, and directed by Matt Birman, tells the story of a family lost by tragedy and brought back together again through a miracle. Soon to be screening on both Opening and Closing nights at the Woods Hole Film Festival in Cape Cod (July 27th – August 3rd), The Montreal World Film Festival (August 22nd – Sept. 3rd), and the Burbank International Film Festival (Sept 4-8), it's a must see.
The title 'a fish story' is very appropriate as it refers to a tale that fishermen tell each other. You're never quite sure if their story is true or not.
Based on events in his own life, the death of his father just days after he finishes building the promised fishing cabin and the torment the family goes through as they try to adjust to life on their own, Sam started with the premise "Wouldn't it be wonderful if I could bring my dad back?'' I like to believe that there is another place where we will, one day, see our loved ones again. I tried to stay away from the film being too faith based, but it is very spiritual. If I had a goal in mind, I would ask that the film touch people's hearts."
The film very much does that. In an effort to get the word out about the movie, Sam went to the local bereavement center and offered to do a fundraiser for them. As a result, he raised enough to keep them going for another year. During the filming, he had many people coming up to him telling him stories of experiences where they knew their loved ones were around.
I loved the 'Ah-ha' moment when the kids realize that their dad really has come back to them. Starring Eddie McClintock, who has gained fame in the Warehouse 13 series, the film also features actors Jayne Heitmeyer, Jamie Spilchuk, Steven Yaffee, Jordyn Negri, Patrick Collins, Carl Marotte, Angela Asher and of course, the writer/producer, Sam Roberts.
Feeling lost in the world of business end of filmmaking, Sam wisely joined forces with Michael Mosca of Equinoxe Films. Sam took the creative responsibilities while Michael took the business end of things. Even so, breaking through proved tougher than they had thought it would. Going to AFM (the American Film Market,) Sam found door after door slammed in his face. The low budget movie did not have any stars attached and even though it was a tear jerker, the distributors there refused to look at it. The movie, shot on 35mm film, with a moderate budget of 5 million, mostly raised from private funds, looks and feels much more expensive.
"I did the smartest thing I could do," Sam says. "At the International Family Film Festival, I met Page Ostrow, of Ostrow and Company, a producer's representative." Within two weeks of signing with Page, the movie, which he didn't think had a chance of being seen by the powers that be, now has a bidding war going with the possibility of a short theatrical run. "Page shared a passion for the film and I, as a greenhorn, needed her guidance and expertise. I'm so amazed at all the doors she's opened for us." Michael Mosca, too, was amazed at the caliber of people who responded to Page's request. Among those were Sony Pictures and USA network.
Page, herself, says that the entire staff, upon seeing the film, were moved to tears. "We began to share stories of our own loved ones and the comfort we took knowing the possibility of the other realm existed. This film lifts the spirit and feeds the soul. Without a star, it's difficult to have a theatrical release, but this just might be the one that is different. I hope soon we'll be announcing several deals for it. "
A story with something in it for everyone, for anyone who has lost a loved one, this film deserves all the accolades it can receive.
Sam, meanwhile, is busy working on a story about his mother, which will probably prove to be just as powerful.
For more information about showings and events, go to A Fish Story the Movie.

subset: commoncrawl


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If it's not CNY or CNY over you still can make this puff yourself at home if you're keen on trying or experiment.It really not really hard,I think..Actually I think it's worth your time trying if loves this gems!! it's taste absolute great!
For the Dough:
250 gm all purpose flour,sifted,plus extra for dusting
1/4 tsp salt
1 stick or 8 tbsp or 110gm unsalted cold butter
4 tbsp cold water
1 cup roasted coarsely crushed peanut
1/2 cup granulated sugar
2-3 cups canola oil for frying
1:Rub butter into flour and salt until it's resembles into bread crumbs texture.Add in water and mix to form a pliable dough.Cover and leaves to rest for 30 minutes.
2:Dust the counter with some flour before roll out pastry with rolling pin into 2 mm thick and use small round cookies cutter about 3-4 inch to cut the round shape out..
3:Combined crushed peanut with sugar,mix well.Scoop 1 tsp into the center of round shape pastry,fold the edges together before pinch or crimps the edges to make decorative edges..If you have the mini mould and feel it's easier then manual crimping then use it..it's save time from crimping...Place mini peanut puff on a floured tray..Repeat until all done.
4:Heat fryer or medium size aluminium stock pot with oil at medium heat. When oil at 350 F or 170 C,place mini peanut puffs into the hot oil.If the fryer or oil is too hot,reduce the heat to low flame.Do not over crowded the fryer.Fry the mini puffs until golden brown.
5:Remove puffs onto a paper liner tray to absorb the excess oil.Let's it cool completely before stock in container.
ready to fry
I love crimping the edges


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Right Fist (Slotted)
The most memorable and most frequently featured character of the 3 Series 1 Decepticon "Seekers", Starscream is beloved amongst Transformers fan for his comical attempts to usurp Megatron's control and his neverending resiliency to destruction. Based on the same mold as Skywarp and Thundercracker with only differences in paint and stickers. Note: All seeker jets came with one of two variants of their fists (slotted vs. solid).
Released in these products:
Belongs to these items:
See an error? Report it!


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Product Description
Plantronics H251H Details and Specification
- All-day wearing comfort and reliability
- Enhanced audio for greater listening accuracy
- Supports all Plantronics amplifiers and USB-to-headset adapters
- Leverages the strength of the market-leading Supra headset
- Designed for the most demanding environments
The Plantronics H251H is a specific version designed for the hard of hearing.
The Plantronics H251H SupraPlus headset above requires either a connection lead or an amplifer to connect the headset to your phone. This will be dependant on the the type of telephone system and handset you are using. Some telephones do not have an inbuilt amplifier (Amplifier preferable in noisy surroundings e.g. call centers), so an external amplifier is needed (A connection lead is not needed when you use an Amplifier). Below is a list of the major telephones/telephone systems and the connection lead/amplifier you need to connect the Plantronics H251H SupraPlus headset to your phone.
Please you our Plantronics Compatibility guide to see how to connect a Plantronics headset to your telephone. If you are unsure about how to connect the Plantronics H251H SupraPlus, don't hesitate to contact our offices on 0844 824 6664.
Note that connection cords are sold separately. Please contact us if you require assistance
choosing the correct lead for your phone, or use the compatibility guide below.
Additional Information
Plantronics H251H Information
|Manufacturer Part #
|Dark Grey


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Login Required
You need to have a Pokémon Trainer Club account to save your Favorite Pokémon!Log In Sign Up No Thanks
Zubat avoids sunlight because exposure causes it to become unhealthy. During the daytime, it stays in caves or under the eaves of old houses, sleeping while hanging upside down.
Zubat remains quietly unmoving in a dark spot during the bright daylight hours. It does so because prolonged exposure to the sun causes its body to become slightly burned.
The Pokémon Company International is not responsible for the content of any linked website that is not operated by The Pokémon Company International. Please note that these websites' privacy policies and security practices may differ from The Pokémon Company International's standards.
Pokemon.com administrators have been notified and will review the screen name for compliance with the Terms of Use.
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Ok Guys with 4 Games gone i was wondering how you believe your team has fared, also have they lived up to your expectations, and finally have you enjoyed the PBEM and if there is anything you would like changed......
Post here Cheers
Ok Guys with 4 Games gone i was wondering how you believe your team has fared, also have they lived up to your expectations, and finally have you enjoyed the PBEM and if there is anything you would like changed......
Post here Cheers
blewy i have very much enjoyed your pbm and lets hope it lasts for a long time yet.
as to nsw lets have a chat with nsw blues coach and manager bugssy malone
bugssy how u think the side has gone so far this year,
bugs: yes look abviously everyone has high expectations on us going well with so many stars in the line up, however i feel we are playing below standards and the fact that we are still winning is a good sign for the up and coming games. this weekend will be a good test playing mumbai,a nd not all the stars are fireing, eg waugh bros, mcgrath the lee bro's so if i can get them fireing and all the others jkeep going yes it would be good.
look the comp is fantastic with the 50 overs and the 20 over knock out, what would be good for next season and i have spoken to the wccc ceo is the following
4 day game
50 over one day comp
50 over knockout comp
but look i have had numerour meetings with the ceo and it looks promising. so we will soon see.
but just a message to all the fans, this weekend get down to the scg as its going to be the game of the year so far against arch rivals mumbai and there will be some quality names in cricket on show and its a special kids day with jumping castles etc so all blues fans get down here
well that was bugssy malone live from nsw blues training. its back to u in the central commentry position.!!!!!
Career cricket
311 wickets @16.54 and 3021 runs @ 34.56 from 176 games over 11 years H.S 178*
Member of the CW GreenCricket Web Career:(end of season 11) FC: 7404 runs @ 30.85 H.S 253* : One Day: 7331 runs @ 48.55 H.S 155*
Off season: FC 1209 @ 52.51 & One Day: 921 @ 92.10COD4: djs clanWorld Of Warcraft: just sensational
hehehe isn't that central missionary position???? :P :P :P :P :P :P :P
I'd prefer the CA Cup to be 50 overs each and I'd also enjoy a four day competition.
Firstly i'll like to say that I have had great fun being a part of this PBEM.
Great work Gregory Blewett , and to everyone who has taken part and made the whole thing great fun to be a part of.
Now onto the team:
I entered the comp with Kent as my team for one reason that I support them and know about the team who's good and the potential of the youngters coming etc.
I didn't really have any expectations to be honest as Div 2 seems to be quite evenly matched and I knew that it was going to be tough to gain promotion to Div 1. Also because I have VC4 which GB is using to generate results and I have had many unexpected results to say the least!
Overall I am very happy to be 2nd (I think) in the Division, and have some very unlucky matches (TN) and also some super matches w/shire springs to mind when I bowled them out for just 85 (sorry mate ) also some super indiviual performances from both bat and ball.
For the upcoming matches I hope that we can win a few and keep in the race for promotion and hopfully we will still be around nearer the end.
Jason the new manager
What a win last week in the thrashing of the round.
Yorkshire team:
N. McKenzie
A. McGrath
Blakey injured
back in round 5
You have just read a post from Jason Pike, he is what you wish you were
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I have several related questions, so I'm going to label them to make sure I understand what questions that answers are referring to. I understand that a function is an expression that produces one output for each set of inputs, but also,
a) could it be said that all functions are equations, but not all equations are functions?
In the fourth post on this page (http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=449496) the writer takes the equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 and rewrites it as z = f(x, y) = sqrt(x^2 + y^2) and then says "You can draw a line anywhere, so long as it's parallel to the z-axis and it will intersect the surface exactly once in the case of z=f(x,y). No so if f(x,y,z)=const."
b) Is the writer saying that when f(x,y,z)=constant is written as z=f(x,y) it becomes a function?
If so, does this mean(?) that
c) z = f(x,y) = polynomial is always a function?
d) z = f(x,y) = polynomial = constant is always a non-function/equation?
e) Then if z = f(x,y) = polynomial = constant is always a non-function/equation, does this mean it is incorrect to say that the notation f(x,y) means "function of x and y"?
f) Equations have solutions/roots and functions have outputs?
Thank you!


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By enrolling in multiple programs at once using a Path Package option, you will get a discount on your registration.
All packages include the same benefits of enrolling in individual herbal programs.
The Clinical Herbalist path is our most extensive package we offer, designed for those who want to study it all!
This path includes
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This path includes
Advanced Herbal Course
Intermediate Herbal Course
The Family Herbalist path is a great way to infuse your life with the benefits of an herbal education.
This path includes
Introductory Herbal Course
Intermediate Herbal Course
Join us for a fascinating exploration into the monumentally important and mysterious world of fungi! The Mushroom Course is your complete guide for learning all about the compelling world of fungi, from cap to stem, taking you on a wild adventure through fascinating folklore, safe and sound foraging practices, and delicious, wellness-promoting mushroom preparations!
Welcoming the Herbal Academy's newest addition, the Herbal Short Course Collection.
These programs are designed to dive in deep into specific herbal topics such as
foraging and wildcrafting, crafting herbal ferments, and creating an herbal materia medica.
Join us in a remarkably rewarding maker's quest to create your own good-for-the-body, sumptuous skin care products at home. This program includes over 200 well-loved and herbalist-approved body care recipes!
Explore the monumentally important and mysterious world of mushrooms! This course is your complete guide for learning all about the compelling world of fungi, from cap to stem: folklore, safe foraging and identification, wellness-promoting recipes, and more!
Empower yourself in your stress management quest with the herbal self-care approach! You'll walk away with integrated nutritional, lifestyle, and herbal practices to strengthen, nourish, and support yourself!
Discover the science of botanical identification and the art of wildcrafting through this captivating voyage into wild edible and herbal botanicals! After completing this class, you will see nature through an entirely new lens!
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Discover the excitement and liberation that comes from creating herbal fermentations including herbal beer, herbal mead, herbal kombucha, herbal water kefir, and herbal lacto-fermented foods.
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text: For many people, playing on a basketball team is a fun and effective way to exercise. For others, it is a lifestyle. Find local summer adult and youth basketball leagues and camps near you. Looking to improve your skills? Search for baskeball clinics and lessons or check out our collection of basketball training tips and drills.


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Haven't found anything yet?
- Good lightfastness
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- Dry strippable
- Design match: straight match 64 cm / 25.2''
Wallpaper collection Schöner Wohnen 4
The collection "Schöner Wohnen 4" contains the latest trends from the world of wallpapers. Floral designs are presented mat and shiny and connected with classical structures from nature and classic checks.


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The holidays can be a hectic time for everyone. While you're busily gearing up for guests and parties, it's important to remember your pet's safety to ensure a festive and fun season is enjoyed by all.
From bright decorations to holiday house guests, it can be easy to overlook a few household dangers that may cause harm to your favorite companions. Here are a few tips from PetSmart to keep in mind to keep your fuzzy friend safe and jolly this holiday:
Freezing temperatures can prove deadly for our four-legged friends, and Animal Humane Society urges pet owners to think twice when letting pets outside during the winter. Temperatures below freezing along with wind chill can prove deadly for our domesticated pets.
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Revision as of 02:02, 20 March 2014
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You can install Arch on an iSCSI Target. This howto will guide you through the process.
Server / Target Setup
You can set up an iSCSI target with any hosting server OS. Follow the procedure outlined in iSCSI Target if you use Arch Linux as the hosting server OS.
Client / Initiator Setup
Install over iSCSI
Download Arch Linux ISO image [1] and boot Arch Linux using the ISO image. After Arch Linux is booted, either use net as the install source or manually ifconfig and dhcp.
Now before you continue to "Prepare Hard Drive(s)" install open-iscsi and connect to target.
Be sure to your servers IP address, Name, etc.
wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/op/open-iscsi/open-iscsi.tar.gz tar xzvf open-iscsi.tar.gz cd open-iscsi pacman -Sy pacman -S patch make gcc makepkg --asroot pacman -U open-iscsi...pkg.tar.xz modprobe iscsi_tcp iscsistart -i iqn.2010-06.ClientName:desc -t iqn.2010-06.ServerName:desc -g 1 -a 192.168.1.100
During the above procedures, if "pacman -Sy" asks you to upgrade pacman, answer "no" otherwise pacman may fail to install patch, make, and gcc, which are essential to the compilation of the open-iscsi source.
(Optional) If you want to make sure that your iSCSI target is up and running, you may start "iscsid" and check whether the iSCSI target is available.
# iscsid # iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p <server-IP>
Continue to prepare the hard drive, using the iSCSI target drive. It is suggested that you manually create a partition that uses the entire iSCSI target drive.
Before you "Configure System" you must install open-iscsi to the "future" root filesystem, and download and install the hook for booting from iSCSI. This should be done after all selected packages are installed.
Create these hook files, replacing the IP, etc. You may create these hook files after open-iscsi is installed to the "future" filesystem.
1. /mnt/usr/lib/initcpio/install/iscsi: It should look like the following.
# vim: set ft=sh: build () { local mod for mod in iscsi_tcp libiscsi libiscsi_tcp scsi_transport_iscsi crc32c; do add_module "$mod" done add_checked_modules "/drivers/net" add_binary "/usr/bin/iscsistart" add_runscript } help () { cat <<HELPEOF This hook allows you to boot from an iSCSI target. HELPEOF }
2. /mnt/usr/lib/initcpio/hooks/iscsi: It should look like the following.
# vim: set ft=sh: run_hook () { modprobe iscsi_tcp ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 sleep 10 iscsistart -i iqn.2010-06.ClientName:desc -t iqn.2010-06.ServerName:desc -g 1 -a 192.168.1.100 }
If you want to use dhcp for the above script, you may try to replace the "ifconfig" line with "dhcpcd eth0", but make sure that dhcpcd is installed.
Now, you can install open-iscsi into the "future" root filesystem.
mv open-iscsi...pkg.tar.xz /mnt/root chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash cd /root/ pacman -U open-iscsi...pkg.tar.xz
Now you can create the above hook files by pasting the above scripts.
nano /lib/initcpio/install/iscsi nano /lib/initcpio/hooks/iscsi exit
Now you are ready to "Configure System." Most of the configuration files can remain unchanged.
Add "iscsi" to the HOOKS in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf. The "mkinitcpio" will generate a new kernel image after you are done with "Configure System."
When configuring grub find the lines for Arch that are
root (hdX,0)
and change to
root (hd0,0)
Device not found
If you are having problems with detecting your eth0 interface, simply install mkinitcpio-nfs-utils package from the official repositories and dhcpcd on your iSCSI drive and add net HOOK to /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.
Also add ip=::::::dhcp to your kernel parameters and now you can use dhcpcd eth0 as described before.
For more informations, please refer to [2].


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Jorma Kaukonen And Vital Parts live at the "Rockpalast"
Jorma Kaukonen founded JEFFERSON AIRPLANE together with Paul Kantner and Marty Balin and has been quoted as saying that the band name was based on his own nickname, Blind Lemon Jefferson. Parallel to his membership with Jeffson Airplane, Jorma founded his his own band, Hot Tuna, with he tours to this day. He has always been more interested in blues and American roots music (blue grass) than in rock, which led him to move to California where he accompanied JANIS JOPLIN, among others, on guitar at her first minor shows in bars and small clubs.
This Rockpalast show took place on November 29, 1980 at the Kleine Westfalenhalle in Dortmund, Germany. Jorma Kaukonen has been inducted into the Rock'n'Roll Hall Of Fame.
Track Listings
1. Money Money
2. Keep Your Lamps
3. Trimmed And Burning Milk Cow Blues
5. Running With The Fast Crowed
6. Bar-B-Que King
7. Wake Up Dead Man


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Hydroseeding is the process where seed, fertilizer, mulch, and water are mixed together to form a slurry mixture that is sprayed, under pressure, onto topsoil, transforming the dirt into a grassy lawn, a play park, or ball field in seven to 14 days.
Other ingredients can be added to the primary formula, including hormones, water absorbent gels, lime for pH balance, growth stimulants, synthetic fibers, enzymes, sprigs, sod, pre-germinated seed and a tackifier (bonding agent). A host of new products appear annually on manufacturers? shelves.
?The rapid growth in residential and commercial building and the interstate highway system precipitated the practice of hydroseeding as a faster way to grow grass,? according to Sean Gassman, president, Fairway Greens Landscape Services, Garland, Texas, and president of the Hydro Turf Planters Association. ?The benefits of hydroseeding are: quick coverage, no layering of soil (as when sod is laid), erosion control, lower installation costs, resulting in lower customer cost, and no weed seed introduced into the lawn. Most hydroseeded lawns are healthier and greener than sod for the first year or two.?
The mantra of the hydroseeder should be ?fit the machine to the job.? Contractors whose main business is not hydroseeding but who want to offer full-service to their customers normally use the smaller machines. On the other end you have the big boys of hydroseeding, weighing in at 3,000 gallon machines used by contractors who serve cities, cemeteries, and land reclamation projects.
There are a number of manufacturers of hydroseeding equipment. What differentiates the competition is the form of agitation used to spray the slurry mixture. The jet agitation machines use jet-propelled water bursts to mix the slurry substance. The mechanical agitation machines are equipped with paddles that break up the materials.
The big-three companies that make paddle agitation machines are the Finn Corporation with its trademarked Hydroseeder, Bowie Industries with its Hydromulcher, and Reinco with the Hydrograsser and power mulchers.
With today?s technology, small and large areas of ground can quickly and effectively be seeded with hydroseeding, including difficult to reach sloping highway sidings and landfill areas that are particularly susceptible to erosion.
Gassman says, ?This is my eleventh season and I am still finding new ways to do things. We started out as hydro planting contractors but with the limited season in Texas, we soon started offering additional services. Today, hydroseeding is 45 percent of our business, but in the growing season, it?s about 60 percent.?
Although hydroseeding equipment is available from a number of rental companies throughout the country, Gassman advises against this practice. ?Contractors looking into hydroseeding should instead seek out a professional hydro-planting contractor, and not rent the equipment,? cautioned Gassman. ?There is more to hydroseeding than just the equipment. A contractor, who rents the equipment without the knowledge, may be saving some money at first, but when problems arise, that contractor may lose money and end up with a dissatisfied customer.?
In addition to being cautious about renting equipment, Gassman noted, ?In areas with strict erosion control laws, the inexperienced contractor renting the machine may also set himself up for legal troubles. Erosion control should only be undertaken by an experienced contractor.?
Another consideration for contractors is cost of the job. Every job is different and the cost can vary depending on location. ?With wood mulches applied at 2,000 pounds per acre with a tackifier, your materials alone are over $0.02 per foot, without accounting for labor, gas, wear and tear of equipment and overhead,? commented Gassman. ?Contractors often forget the actual cost of doing the job, and instead tend to look just at the cost of materials, which has been a problem in the hydroseeding field for years.?
Gassman says that when contractors reduce their application rates to less than 1,000 pounds of mulch per acre to reduce material costs, it can actually cost them more in the long run, due to re-sprays, upset customers, and the increased chances of failure to produce a viable end product, grass.
?If you?re spraying a flat area with good soil and drainage, then the application rates may be low, but I?ve never seen this type of job,? says Gassman. ?Mulch rates should almost never be applied below 2,000 pounds per acre, and are often applied at 3,000 pounds per acre, by experienced and quality conscious contractors.?
?Erosion control is the most prevalent reason for using hydroseeding,? says Chuck Austin, president, Great Circle International, LLC, Hygiene, Colorado. ?Hydro-seeding holds moisture and protects against erosion from wind, rain, sun and the loss of seed to birds.?
?Soil preparation is an extremely important step to good results from hydroseeding. Good soil makes the grass grow better,? added Austin. ?Hydroseeding is another form of farming, and a farmer would never plant his crops in a compacted and nutrient-deficient environment and expect to succeed at crop production. It?s no different with hydroseeding.?
Lamentably, there are no courses to sign up for, or schools to attend to learn the fine art of hydroseeding. ?The only school provided is the school of hard knocks,? says Austin. ?Or the knowledge of experienced contractors passed along to new contractors.?
According to Austin, hydroseeding is more popular in areas of the country with plenty of moisture or rainfall from natural sources. ?It?s becoming more popular even in our arid mountain states and the desert southwest.?
The economic benefits of hydroseeding topsoil, ?depends on the product used and the difficulty of installation,? says Jay Michels, Minnesota Erosion Control Association, Lake Elmo, Minnesota. ?It?s about $0.65 to over $2.00 a square yard. You can get into the business of hydroseeding for about $15,000 but can spend up to $200,000 for the equipment.?
According to Michels, there are any number of different mulches on the market today. ?The mulch starts out with recycled newspaper, which works fine for flat residential installations. One step up is a combination of recycled paper and wood fiber, usually a 50/50 blend or 70 percent wood fiber and 30 percent paper. This is not appropriate for erosion control. The next step is 100 percent wood fiber mulch, which is the lower level of erosion control. The top of the line mulch is the bonded fiber matrix, with longer strand wood fiber mixed with proprietary bonding agents. This is the best hydroseeding product on the market for erosion control.?
?The major benefit of hydroseeding is simply manpower,? says Michels. ?Three men can do what it would take six workers to accomplish in the same amount of time using erosion blankets or sod.?
Finn Corporation, a pioneer in the hydroseeding process, makes a machine for every application, job size, and range, offering seven models of the Hydroseeder. The larger machines accommodate large mine reclamation projects, highways, golf courses and commercial sites, while the smaller machines are a good choice for ball fields, condominiums, homes, and parks.
?Our machines start at $8,000 and are the mainstay of the company,? says John Imm, sales manager, Finn Corporation, Fairfield, Ohio. ?With every machine we sell, we include a start-up training course for the operator that covers the function of the machine, the application of the slurry and the mulch mix.?
?In addition, we supply an additive line and soil treatment/seed starter that helps free microbial bonding. Hydroseeding is part art and part science. The art is the application,? says Imm.
It is imperative that the soil be prepared ahead of time. ?Every time the ground is opened up, it is subject to erosion,? added Imm. ?Soil preparation, as well as application of a thick hydromulch slurry, are two vital elements to preventing erosion and ensuring successful turf establishment.?
Regarding seed germination, Bob Jones, sales manager, Bowie Industries, Inc., Bowie, Texas, says that when an area is hydroseeded the seed stays in place, insulated from extreme temperatures, and the mulch retains the moisture longer at the point of germination.
?We have 300 to 3,000 gallon hydroseeding machines to fit specific applications,? says Jones. ?There is a machine size and design to fit every contractor?s requirements. The machines we sell run from $8,000 to $50,000 depending on how you have them equipped, the size and the options.?
Along with the purchase of a hydroseeding machine, Bowie includes an instruction manual and a one-day orientation that covers maintenance and application techniques. ?We are just one of the old-line manufacturers, one of the big three. This industry is still growing, and we want to continue to be a part of it.?
?We opted to make jet agitation machines because they?re easier to maintain and operate,? says Bob Lisle, president of Easy Lawn, Inc., Bridgeville, Delaware. ?What makes our machine different is higher pump pressure, which gives more agitation to the tank. Our machines range in price up to $30,000, based on size and performance. We expect to add a larger unit in the Spring of 2002.?
According to Lisle, one man can seed one to one-and-a-half acres per day with a small hydroseeding machine. ?Our machines are designed to be very accurate with spray and we can hold our spray pattern within one inch. Hydro-seeding is the most efficient way to plant grass and the least expensive.?
?Having a water source is a very critical part of the hydroseeding process, because water is the medium that conveys the seed onto the ground,? added Lisle. ?Water is one of the factors we use to determine what size machine a customer should purchase. If water is readily available from lakes, fire hydrants, streams or ponds, then water will not be a problem and the contractor can use a smaller hydroseeding unit. When water is not so readily available, then we suggest purchasing a larger tank.?
Lisle says it takes roughly 75 gallons of water to hydroseed a 1,000-square-foot area. Hauling water any distance costs time and money, and it is ultimately cheaper to have water brought to the seeding site. ?Hydro-seeding is the most efficient way to plant grass. It?s also less expensive than conventional seeding.?
?I firmly believe that with the increased demand on labor and labor costs, hydroseeding is the wave of the future,? says Michels.
August 2001


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Resolutions for living smarter in 2012
I can't say that if you try to do everything on this list you'll win a gold star, but you will definitely save money, feel virtuous and lose weight. It's a tough-love list of resolutions that work:
Cook: Preservative-laden fast food costs more and makes you fatter.
Bake bread: Simple, cheap and cheering.
Eat local: Buy as much food as you can directly from farmers, ranchers and gardeners in your neighborhood. Fewer than 2 percent of Americans working today have agricultural jobs, yet these private landowners protect most of our clean air, productive landscape and clean water. Help the environment (and the economy) by helping them to stick around.
Eat grass-fed meat; feedlots and chicken factories are unhealthy for humans and animals, polluting air and water.
Grow something: Even a windowsill can pot provide fresh herbs and lettuce.
Quit whining! Americans spend less than a tenth of their disposable income on food; in 1930, food cost almost a quarter of their income, and our grandparents sometimes went hungry.
Clean and sterilize using vinegar and baking soda instead of expensive cleaners that pollute; essential oils can kill bacteria.
Write grocery lists on the backs of advertising flyers and the insides of envelopes; make postcards from cereal boxes and unused photographs.
Buy at second-hand thrift stores whenever possible; otherwise, consider how you might make whatever it is, or do without it.
Walk; you'll lose weight, sleep better and cheer up; no drugs needed.
Stressed out? Fill a cloth bag 6 inches wide and 10 inches long with dried beans; heat for 3 minutes; place against aching muscles. Repeat as necessary; no known side effects.
You feel utterly helpless in the face of climate change? If you want to reduce your carbon output, save money and help the environment, you need to stop doing the following:
- Don't leave your car running while you dash into a store. Besides, if someone steals it, your insurance is invalid.
- Give up fast food and excessive eating out. From one three-pound beef roast, I get several ample meals for two people: roast with potatoes; roast shredded over noodles; shredded roast with refried beans on tortillas and beef soup.
- You can no longer afford to be ignorant about your car. Change your own oil and antifreeze. Can you rotate your tires?
- Quit trying to buy everything. What skill can you trade for the things you can't do? Cut wood? Grow a garden? Home repairs? If you can't make it, grow it, or fix it, maybe you can do without it.
- Cut back on air conditioning; don't leave lights, computers, and other gadgets on all night or in empty rooms. Our electrical systems are operating close to capacity; when they fail, we won't even have water to drink. Turn off the unnecessary stuff before you lose the necessary.
- Get rid of the grass on your lawn. Instead, plant something useful. There's no point in wasting water on plants you can't eat.
- Please don't build a house in the woods surrounded by trees. Taxpayers pay billions of bucks for firefighters to risk their lives trying to save houses surrounded by fuel.
- Why on earth pay for exercise? Just lift that soda bottle 15 times with each hand! (Then throw the fattening contents away!)
- Stop buying cheap, poisonous plastic junk made in countries where people don't like us, sold in vast stores that crush local businesses. Buy local; buy American; the job you save may be your own.
- No more farmed seafood. Fish factories make fishing families jobless and pollute the water.
- Don't waste. Reuse, recycle, or give it to someone who will.
- Stop smoking. Do I even have to explain this?
- Cease hiding behind your ignorance. Be responsible and informed; search in the library or online. Be suspicious of organizations that want money upfront, have big staffs, blather about an "international movement" and forward emails or tweet. I'd rather work with local groups where I can see and participate in results. The League of Conservation Voters, for example, tells me that the votes of John Thune, my U.S. senator, show a "blatant bias toward corporate polluters and special interests." I will translate that into voting against him at every opportunity.
- Cease hiding behind your ignorance, Part 2. See practical advice on how other people save money at these websites: frugalliving.about.com, frugalpig.com, frugalmom.net, livingonadime.com, frugalvillage.com, frugalforlife.blogspot.com., justfrugal.com, cheapskateliving.org and many others.
And you really can't afford to say that none of this is necessary. Even if the experts are wrong about the timing of global warming or the effects of high cholesterol, the most important part of responsible living on the earth is ultimately your own attitude. Doing something to conserve resources will make you happier and thus healthier.
Linda M. Hasselstrom is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). She writes for a living on her ranch near Hermosa, South Dakota.


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Get more of the great stories and other content on www.ironmountaindailynews.com by signing up for a digital subscription. Digital Subscribers receive:
- www.ironmountaindailynews.com
- Daily News on a smartphone
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- Daily News for tablets
- iPhone app
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During Paris Fashion Week 2016, the French Minister of Culture Audrey Azoulay inaugurated an exhibition dedicated to the International Festival of Fashion and Photography in Hyères. The event honors the winners of the 31st edition of the prestigious festival and several winners from 1997 to 2016.
As an official partner of the festival, we are very proud of the scenography designed by Jean-Baptiste Fastrez and Rodolphe Fastrez who integrated our customized mannequins perfectly.
Location: Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication | 5, Rue de Valois | 75001 Paris
Fashion Week


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koke'e beauty kit
Malie's exclusive Beauty Kits showcase the hottest beauty industry trends with a curated collection of best-selling beauty treats that your skin will love!
Treat your skin to a lush, nourishing blend of therapeutic botanicals while transforming your mind and spirit with Malie's aromatherapeutic essences. Luxurious, organic skin care products included in Malie's Beauty Kit are body gloss, body polish and beauty oil.
Organic Body Gloss A Beauty Industry First & Skin Care At Its Finest!
Blended and melted together, organic botanical butters are whipped with luxurious extra virgin coconut oil to form a thick, smooth mixture that glides effortlessly on skin. Absorption is immediate, leaving skin with a desired silky radiance. Providing a protective barrier that locks in moisture, Malie's Body Gloss leaves skin hydrated and glowing, glossy yet never greasy. This luscious body gloss glides on wet or dry skin and lasts longer than lotion.
Organic Body Polish The Ultimate Treatment
Nurture your skin and invigorate your senses with this exquisite treatment that is lovingly crafted from natural and organic ingredients, incorporating tropical beauty secrets passed down through generations. Made to exfoliate, nourish and hydrate skin, leaving it so silky-smooth and glowing.
Organic Beauty Oil Fragrant & Therapeutic
A hydrating blend of all-natural, organic, botanical oils that infuse the skin with a powerful moisture boost that won't clog pores. Apply to wet or dry skin and hair for a beautiful sheen and tamed locks. Pour into bath to enhance the environment with its Hawaiian essence.
Cruelty-free, vegan and free from parabens, sulfates, phthalates, petrochemicals, mineral oil, silicone, talc, and gluten.
Surround yourself with Hawaii's natural foliage of wild plants and exotic florals. Koke'e pairs the greenness of the islands' native maile vine with the tanginess of fresh pineapple. Dewy florals and crisp greens bring to mind the breathtaking natural beauty of Hawaii's mountainous terrain and lush rainforests. This clean, aromatic fragrance of tropical fruits and native Hawaiian plants dries down to a warm amber and tonka bean base that is reminiscent of warm sand and endless beaches.
• Top: Greens
• Mid: Muguet, Jasmine
• Base: Amber, Tonka, Balsam
• Malie ships Ground, 7-10 business days (excluding weekends), unless otherwise noted or requested.
• We ship daily Monday through Friday and will ship your order within 1-3 days of receipt. 3 Day Air will ship out the following business day after the order was received (excluding weekends).
• Orders using a promotional discount code for free shipping will ship Ground.
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shipping costs
• Shipping costs are calculated after discounts codes are applied.
• Orders of $100 or more (after applied discounts) always ship for FREE (Ground), no discount code needed.
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• Hours: Monday-Friday, 8 am - 4 pm, Hawaii time (HST)
• Toll-Free Phone: 1-866-767-5727
• Local Phone: (808) 332-6220
• email firstname.lastname@example.com
• Fax: (808) 332-6225
• Mailing Address: PO Box 99, Koloa HI 96756
Yay! Each order is currently eligible for a free Love Your Skin Tonight Packette from Malie's BotanyBeauty Clean Skin Care Collection, including everything you need to enjoy an organic facial experience! To receive your free samples, simply add products to your bag, then when you're ready to check out, go to your bag and you'll be asked if you would like to add the samples. (You will need to add the sample to your cart for it to be included with your order, it will not be automatically added.) You may also visit any Malie Boutique to pick up a free sample. Available while supplies last.
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Knitting & Hand Crafts
Mohair Knitting Yarn – Ochre
Our mohair yarn goes a long way due to it's looped texture – one ball can knit 1 to 2 loosely knitted scarves!
Our mohair yarn is dyed and balled at our mill in Graignamanagh.
Fibres: 70% Mohair / 30% Wool
Style: Double Knitting
Weight: 100g / 200m
Example: approx. 6~8 100g balls of mohair yarn are needed to knit a lady's sweater.
2 in stock
Product Care
We recommend professional dry cleaning for our products, all of which are made from natural fibres. Spot cleaning with cold water and mild detergent suds is possible if carried out by dabbing the fabric i.e. not rubbing the fabric.


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Table of Contents
Ginseng refers to two closely related herbs of the genus Panax. Asian ginseng (P. ginseng) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) have traditionally been used for healing. Asian ginseng is also known as Korean red ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Japanese ginseng, ginseng radix, ninjin, sang, and ren shen. American ginseng is also known as Canadian ginseng, North American ginseng, Ontario ginseng, Wisconsin ginseng, red berry, sang, and ren shen. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is a plant with different properties that belongs to a completely different genus. Ginseng in this entry refers only to Asian and American ginseng of the genus Panax.
Ginseng has been used for about 2,000 years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to boost energy, hasten recovery from illness or injury, reduce stress, improve mental and physical performance (including sexual performance) and to treat a several dozen different infections, gastrointestinal disorders, circulatory problems, and conditions as diverse as burns, cancers, diabetes, migraine headaches, and weight loss. The genus name Panax means "heal all," and ginseng is considered by herbalists to be an almost universal remedy. Most of these traditional uses of ginseng have not yet been substantiated by conventional medicine, however encouraging results from some well-designed, controlled human studies strongly suggest that ginseng may improve mental performance and have other health benefits.
Northern China and today is grown as a cash crop in China, Korea, Japan, and Russia. American ginseng once grew wild from the Appalachian Mountains to Minnesota. Today it is cultivated mainly in Wisconsin and in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Most cultivated ginseng from North America is exported to Asia. In both Asia and North America, wild ginseng is threatened with extinction from over harvesting. In the United States, a government permit is usually required to export wild ginseng. High-quality wild ginseng is very expensive. Illegal harvesting of wild ginseng from public lands is an ongoing law enforcement problem for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Ginseng is a slow-growing plant that reaches a height of 12–30 inches and produces red berries. Only the root used for medicinal purposes. Ginseng is difficult to cultivate. Plants must grow 4–6 years before the roots can be harvested. Ginseng roots are forked and twisted, looking somewhat like a miniature human body. They are occasionally used fresh but more often are dried and ground or powdered. The root can be soaked to make an extract or tincture. Ground ginseng can be added to tea and powered ginseng put into capsules. Ginseng extract can be added to products as diverse as chewing gum and soft drinks. Ginseng is sold under dozens of different brand names. It is often found in multi-herb remedies sold under a huge variety of names. The active ingredients of ginseng are thought to be more than twenty compounds called ginsenosides. Some manufacturers standardize the amount of ginsengosides in their product while others do not. Standardized products usually contain 4-% ginsenosides.
Regulation of ginseng sales
In the United States, ginseng is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a dietary supplement under the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA). At the time the act was passed, legislators felt because many dietary supplements such as ginseng come from natural sources and have been used for hundreds of years by practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), these supplements did not need to be regulated as rigorously as prescription and over-the-counter drugs used in conventional medicine.
The DSHEA regulates ginseng in the same way that food is regulated. Like food manufacturers, manufacturers of herbal products containing ginseng do not have to prove that they are either safe or effective before they can be sold to the public. This differs from conventional pharmaceutical drugs, which must undergo extensive human testing to prove their safety and effectiveness before they can be marketed. Also unlike conventional drugs, the label for a dietary supplement such as ginseng does not have to contain any statements about possible side effects. All herbal supplements sold in the United States must show the scientific name of the herb on the label. Consumers should look for ginseng of the Panaxvariety. Sometimes less expensive herbs such as Siberian "ginseng" are substituted for true ginseng.
Health claims
Dozens of health claims are made for ginseng, many based on traditional or folk use of the herb. These claims are difficult to substantiate in ways that satisfy conventional medicine for several reasons including:
- The amount and strength of ginseng in dietary supplements is not standardized and a wide range of doses are used in different studies
- Ginseng is often one of several herbs contained in herbal remedies, making it difficult to tell if the effects are due to ginseng or another herb
- Many studies done on ginseng are poorly designed so that it is impossible to show a direct link between cause and effect, or they poorly reported, making analysis of the results difficult
- Many rigorous and well-designed human studies have a small sample size
- Many studies are sponsored by ginseng growers, manufacturers, or importers who have a financial interest in obtaining positive results.
Despite these drawbacks, there is enough evidence that ginseng provides health benefits that the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), a government organization within the National Institutes of Health, is sponsoring clinical trials to determine safety and effectiveness ginseng as a treatment for several diseases and disorders. Individuals interested in participating in a clinical trial at no charge can find a list of open trials at <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>.
Some health claims for ginseng appear more promising than others. There is good evidence that ginseng can cause short-term improvement in mental performance in both healthy young adults and elderly ill adults. Not enough information is available to determine if long-term gains also occur, but the results have been promising enough that ginseng is being studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Along with improved mental performance, some studies have shown that ginseng improves the sense of well being and quality of life. Results of these studies are mixed, with some finding improvements and others finding no change. The situation is complicated by the fact that different studies define and measure "well being" and "quality of life" in different ways. In general, people with the worst quality of life report the most improvement.
Many claims are made that ginseng boosts the immune system, thus helping to prevent disease and promote a more rapid recovery from illness and injury. Some studies also claim that ginseng boosts the effect of antibiotics and improves the body's response to influenza vaccines. Some studies of patients with diseases that cause a low white cell count (white cells are a part of the immune system) show that white cell count increases with high doses of ginsenosides. Better studies are needed before the effect of ginseng on the immune system can be determined.
There is good evidence that ginseng lowers blood sugar in people with type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes. The effect of ginseng on blood sugar in people with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes has not been studied enough to produce any definite findings.
Ginseng has been promoted as a preventative and/ or cure for cancer. According the American Cancer Society in 2007, "There is no reliable scientific evidence that ginseng is effective in preventing or treating cancer in humans." However, controversial evidence from some studies done in Asia suggests the possibility that ginseng powder or extract may prevent some cancers. More and better studies are needed to clarify these results.
Some studies have reported that ginseng improves stamina and athletic performance and decreases fatigue, while other studies find no effect. There are so many other lifestyle variables in most of these studies that it is difficult to separate the effect of ginseng from other factors.
Studies of the effect of ginseng on the circulatory system are mixed. Some studies find that ginseng lowers blood pressure and in combination with other herbs prevents coronary artery disease and possibly congestive heart failure. Other studies find no effect, or that the effect is apparent only at very high, and possibly unsafe, doses. The effect of ginseng on the circulatory system continues to be investigated.
Many other health claims are made for herbal mixtures that contain ginseng. These claims are extremely difficult to evaluate because of the number of variables, including the strength of the mixture, the effects of the different herbs, and potential interactions among other herbs. Until much more is known about the chemical properties and active ingredients of common medicinal herbs, it is almost impossible to evaluate these mixtures in a way that satisfies the demands of conventional medicine.
Ginseng is generally safe and causes few side effects when taken at recommended doses. The generally recommended dose is 100–200 mg of standardized ginseng extract containing 4% ginsenosides once or twice daily. The safety of ginseng in children and pregnant and breastfeeding women has not been studied. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should be aware that some tinctures of ginseng contain high levels of alcohol. Some herbalists recommend that individuals take ginseng for 2–3 weeks and then take a break of 1–2 weeks before beginning the herb again.
Independent laboratory analyses have repeatedly found that many products labeled as ginseng contain little or none of the herb. True ginseng is expensive, and unscrupulous manufacturers often substitute low-cost herbs for ginseng. Another problem is that some ginseng products have been found to be contaminated with pesticides and other chemicals that can cause serious side effects.
Ginseng appears to interact with blood-thinning and anti-coagulant medicines such as warfarin (Cou-madin), clopidogrel (Plavix), aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. Advil, Motrin). Individuals taking these drugs should not begin taking ginseng without consulting their health care provider.
Because ginseng lowers blood sugar levels, individuals who are taking insulin or other medications that also lower blood sugar, and those with type 2 diabetes, should be monitored for low blood sugar if they begin taking ginseng. Adjustments are needed in their other medications.
Ginseng may also interact with monoamine-oxi-dase (MAO) inhibitors used to treat certain kinds of depression and mental illness. Examples of MAOs include isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil) and tranylcypromine (Parnate). Individuals taking MAOs with ginseng may develop headache, tremors, increased anxiety, restlessness, sleeplessness, and mania.
Preliminary evidence suggests that ginseng may interact with certain blood pressure and heart medications. The herb may also interfere with the way the liver processes other drugs and herbs. Before beginning to take a supplement containing ginseng, individuals should review their current medications with their health care provider to determine any possible interactions.
Serious side effects of ginseng are rare. The most common side effects are increased restlessness, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, and rash. Allergic reactions are possible, but uncommon. Some of the more serious side effects reported are thought to be the result of contamiNation with pesticides, heavy metals, or other chemicals rather than a side effect caused by ginseng.
Parental concerns
Parents should be aware that the safe dose of many herbal supplements has not been establsihed for children. Accidental overdose may occur if children are give adult herbal supplements.
Court, William E. Ginseng: The Genus Panax. Australia: Harwood Academic, 2000.
Johanssen, Kristin. Ginseng Dreams: The Secret World of America's Most Valuable Plant. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2006.
PDR for Herbal Medicines, 3rd ed. Montvale, NJ: Thompson Healthcare, 2004.
Pierce, Andrea. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: William Morrow, 1999.
Taylor, David. Ginseng, the Divine Root: The Curious History of the Plant That Captivated the World. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2006.
Wildman, Robert E. C., ed. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor &Francis, 2007.
Kaneko, Hitoshi and Kozo Nakanish. "Proof of the Mysterious Efficacy of Ginseng: Basic and Clinical Trials: Clinical Effects of Medical Ginseng, Korean Red Ginseng: Specifically, Its Anti-stress Action for Prevention of Disease." Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 95 (2004):158–62.
Kiefer, David and Traci Pantuso. "Panax Ginseng." American Family Physician 68 (October 15, 2003):1539–42. Also available at <http://www.aafp.org/afp/20031015/1539.html>
Alternative Medicine Foundation. P.O. Box 60016, Potomac, MD 20859. Telephone: (301) 340-1960. Fax: (301) 340-1936. Website: <http://www.amfoundation.org>
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clearinghouse. P.O. Box 7923, Gathersburg, MD 20898. Telephone: (888) 644-6226. TTY: (866) 464-3615. Fax: (866) 464-3616. Website: <http://nccam.nih.gov>
Ginseng Board of Wisconsin. 555 N. 72nd Avenue, Suite 2, Wausau, WI 54401. Telephone: (714) 845-7300. Fax: (715) 845-7300. Website: <http://www.ginsengboard.com>
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clearinghouse. P.O. Box 7923, Gathersburg, MD 20898. Telephone: (888) 644-6226. TTY: (866) 464-3615. Fax: (866) 464-3616. Website: <http://nccam.nih.gov>
Natural Standard. 245 First Street, 18th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142. Telephone: (617) 444-8629. Fax: (617) 444-8642. Website: <http://www.naturalstandards.com>
Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. 6100 Executive Blvd., Room 3B01, MSC 7517, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517 Telephone: (301) 435-2920. Fax: (301)480-1845. Website: <http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov>.
American Cancer Society. "Ginseng." American Cancer Society, October 3, 2005. <http://www.cancer.org/docroot/eto/content/eto_5_3x_ginseng.asp?sitearea=eto>
Harrison, H. C. et al. "Ginseng." Alternative Field Crops Manual, University of Wisconsin-Extension, undated; accessed February 7, 2007. <http://www.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/ginseng.html/Coo>
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Ginseng (American Ginseng, Asian Ginseng, Chinese Ginseng, Korean Red Ginseng, Panax Ginseng: Panax ssp. Including P. Ginseng C.C. Meyer and P. quincefolium L., excluding Eleutherococcus senticosus." MayoClinic.com, May 1, 2006. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ginseng/NS_patient-ginseng>
Medline Plus. "Ginseng." U. S. National Library of Medicine, November 1, 2006. <http://www.nlm.nih/gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-ginseng.html>
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. "Asian Ginseng." National Center for Comple mentary and Alternative Medicine, December 2006. <http://nccam.nih.gov/health/asianginseng>
Personal Health Zone. "Ginseng Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings." Personal Health Zone October 2006. <http://www.personalhealthzone,com/ginseng.html>
Tish Davidson, A.M.


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Going vegan: Scott Jurek and Rich Roll books convince this meat-eater to put down the bacon
Two amazing books recently turned me into a vegan, and that's a bold statement from a serious bacon addict (not to mention cheese, eggs, the occasional foie gras, and did I mention bacon?) who also needed a twice-a-day grande latte fix.
About six weeks ago I devoured "Finding Ultra" by Rich Roll, considered to be one of the 25 fittest men on the planet. His tale is compelling: He went from being a drug addict and alcoholic who pretty much lived on cheeseburgers and was nearly 50 pounds overweight and unable to climb the stairs without wheezing to completing the Epic5, which is five Ironman competitions in less than a week, most of it after the age of 40. The kicker: He did it all as a vegan.
Pretty impressive. But it's not just the competition aspect that makes the case for going to an entirely plant-based diet. What Roll does throughout the book is make following a vegan diet sound so lovely. He talks about how he not only lost the weight, but also just feels better. Sleeps better. Doesn't have those aches and pains, bloating, crankiness, mood swings and other physical issues as he gets older.
So I thought, OK, I'll take that challenge. I'll do it for a month, and see how it goes.


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Lessons on Big Data Marketing
Over the past couple of weeks I've spoken (and listened to presentations) at the Wharton Customer Analytics Initiative conference and the Yale Customer Insights Conference. These two esteemed business schools put on two great events. Both involved corporate speakers and academics, and all the participants were all—somewhat to my surprise—on the same page. So here are some of the lessons I learned from these events:
1. Marketing and Big Data marketing are synonymous. My speaking topic at these conferences was on Big Data about customers. But basically everybody was speaking on that topic. In a mobile, social, online world, every company has Big Data on customers, and every company needs to analyze it if they want to know what customers are thinking.
2. Hang out with marketing academics. I used to believe that marketing professors were somewhat behind actual marketing practice. But the sessions from academics at Wharton and Yale changed my mind. The Wharton conference featured a number of presentations by companies that had worked with the Wharton team (which helps solve actual marketing analytics problems for the companies), and the issues were significant and the analyses rigorous. At Yale, academics from a variety of institutions gave presentations on their research. They couldn't have been more up-to-date, and featured topics like "do online ratings change the nature of competition?" and "what's the difference between how Twitter and Facebook are used to discuss products?" If you want some rigorous and relevant research, you need to hang with the marketing academic crowd.
3. Attribution is critical. Everybody who talked about digital marketing mentioned how important it is to attribute customer sales or conversions not to the "last click," but to the collection of ads, sites, offers, and so forth that together led to the sale, and the precise contribution of each impression. This is hard to do, of course, but it is silly to pretend otherwise. The most sophisticated organizations are attempting to do attribution not just for a single channel (e.g., digital), but for all channels that reach the customer. "Omni-channel" is becoming marketing's middle name, so attribution must be across all channels as well.
4. Everything is speeding up. Marketing spending optimization, for example, used to be something that happened once a year. At these conferences I met several organizations that were re-optimizing every quarter or even every month. Customer propensity scoring models that used to last for years have to be changed much more often. New channels emerge seemingly every year. A digital ad must be placed on a publisher within about 15 milliseconds. If you don't like rapid change, you shouldn't be in marketing analytics these days.
5. Marketing analytics people are growing in influence. The data-driven marketers who spoke at these gatherings were all clearly having an impact, and were clearly being listened to by senior executives. For example, Pam Forbus, the VP of Strategic Insights from Frito-Lay, spoke at the Yale conference about her group's influence on product development, in-store assortments, and cool consumer engagement programs like the "Do Us a Flavor" Lay's campaign. Carolyn Everson, the VP of Global Marketing Programs at Facebook Inc., is clearly involved in every new "data product" that Facebook creates. It's obvious that these quantitative marketers no longer work unnoticed in the back office.
6. Consumer marketing is increasingly dominated by the O. Itamar Simonson, an award-winning Stanford marketing professor, spoke at the Yale conference about his new book Absolute Value (with Emanual Rosen), which focuses on the "O." This is "other" information sources, such as user reviews and rankings, friend and expert opinions, price comparison tools, and the various and growing other ways to get information about products before buying them. Traditional market research measures "P" sources — "Prior" preferences, beliefs and experiences. The O's are increasingly much more influential than the P's, according to Mr. Simonson, and he made a strong case. He argues that such time-honored marketing concepts as brand positioning, loyalty, and persistent customer preferences are all going away in favor of contextual factors affected by the big O.
7. No industry is immune from all this.You may think that your industry doesn't have to adopt such data and analysis-focused marketing initiatives. But whatever business you are in, these ideas will spread to it if they haven't already. At the Wharton conference, a couple of executives from the Cleveland Indians spoke about their use of such analytical approaches as ticket pricing optimization and marketing resource optimization. Moneyball has clearly spread from the field to the front office—and not surprisingly, since Alex King, the Indians' VP of Marketing and Brand Management, came from Procter & Gamble Co. It doesn't matter how many customers you have either. Some Pfizer Inc. managers spoke about how they were identifying and marketing to physicians for genetically-targeted drugs that affect only a few hundred patients.
You may have missed these great conferences this year, but they'll be back next year. Or find some other university near you that is doing great work on marketing analytics. This is one of the fastest-changing fields in business, and it's important to absorb all the new developments and information you can possible get your hands (and brain) on.
Thomas H. Davenport is a Distinguished Professor at Babson College, a Research Fellow at the Center for Digital Business, Director of Research at the International Institute for Analytics, and a Senior Advisor to Deloitte Analytics.


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Sampling of Events in May
Here are some of the upcoming Revolutionary-history events in greater Boston which have caught my eye.
Thursday, 7 May, 5:15 P.M.
Eliga H. Gould, University of New Hampshire
"An Empire of Peace: The International Origins of the American Revolution"
This is part of the Massachusetts Historical Society's Boston Area Early American History Seminar. Participants are invited to read Gould's (44-page) paper in advance. Maya Jasanoff of Harvard University will comment on it, Gould will respond, and then there will be an open discussion about the questions he has raised.
Tuesday, 12 May, 6:00 P.M.
Nina Zannieri, Executive Director of the Paul Revere House
"Myth and Memory: The Legacy of Paul Revere"
This lecture at the Massachusetts Historical Society is co-sponsored by the Concord Free Public Library and Minute Man National Historical Park. It's part of the Minute Man Anniversary Lecture Series celebrating the 50th anniversary of that national park. There will be refreshments beforehand at 5:30 P.M.
Thursday, 14 May, 7:00 P.M.
Ray Raphael, author of Founders: The People Who Brought You a Nation
A book talk and signing at the Minute Man N.H.P. Visitor Center in Lexington. Raphael's previous books include The First American Revolution (discussed here and here), Founding Myths, and A People's History of the American Revolution.
Wednesday, 20 May, 12:00 P.M.
Jennifer Egloff, New York University
"Popular Numeracy in Early Modern England and British North America"
This is one of the Massachusetts Historical Society's "Brown Bag Lunches": a scholar working in that archive discusses the questions she's researching, along with practical challenges, methodological issues, and preliminary findings. Everyone else eats lunch and discusses the speaker's work while she becomes more and more hungry.
Wednesday, 10 June, 7:00 P.M.
David Glassberg, University of Massachusetts-Amherst
Minute Man Lecture
Another lecture on the heritage of the Minute Man National Historical Park, this time in its Visitor Center in Lexington. At least that's what the flyer I got in the mail says—nothing's on the website yet. Looks like the title hasn't been decided yet, either, but Glassberg's research focuses on "popular historical consciousness in America as represented in politics, culture, and the environment."