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Excerpt: 'Through a Dog's Eyes,' by Jennifer Arnold
Read an excerpt from Jennifer Arnold's book, "Through a Dog's Eyes."
Aug. 17, 2010 -- Jennifer Arnold, who has trained service dogs for the past 20 years for people with physical disabilities, offers a window into the world of "man's best friend."
Arnold, who believes that dogs are attuned to their owner's needs and emotions, shares tips she thinks every dog owner should know.
Read an excerpt of the book below, and then head to the "Good Morning America" Library to find more good reads.
Chapter Seven: Emotion
The request to see Dr. Nick, as the children called him, came early on a Monday. An eight-year-old boy in Phoenix had fallen off his skateboard and was clinging to life. Dr. Nick, with his old black medical bag, was on the next flight from Atlanta to Phoenix. It was my privilege to accompany him on this trip, as I had on many trips in the past. It was an experience that profoundly changed the way I understood the emotional life of dogs.
Because Nick had been trained as a service dog, he had legal access to places other dogs could not go. So, while the child's own dog was not permitted in the Phoenix hospital, Nick was welcomed. He was there on a mission so tragic it still hurts to this day. He was there to help this precious little boy die.
The child had no brain function. His stricken parents knew it was time to allow the life- sustaining machines to be turned off. The boy loved his parents mightily, but his best friend on earth was his dog. Because his dog was not allowed to be with him as he died, his parents had asked for Nick.
As soon as Nick entered the hospital room, he dropped his bag, carefully maneuvered himself around the tubes and wires, and jumped gently up onto the bed to lie quietly against the boy's side. I never gave him any direction; Nick just did what he instinctively knew to do. He stayed on the bed without moving for more than two and a half hours. Sometime during that afternoon, the boy's mother asked those of us in the room if we had put her son's arm around Nick. We told her that we had not, but indeed the child's left arm was now draped loosely across Nick's big neck. Nick had nuzzled himself there. When the child was pronounced dead, his devastated mother broke. Her wail was unlike any noise I had ever heard. Without even seeming to displace the sweet little arm across him, Nick managed in one move to fling himself into the mother's arms. Together they stayed huddled, as if on a life raft, until the mother was led into an empty room nearby.
The nurses thanked Nick and me for coming and told us we were free to leave. In something much like shock, I stumbled to the elevator with Nick walking proudly beside me. I can remember being relieved to see that he had made it through the ordeal without too much visible trauma. But as soon as the elevator doors closed and the two of us were alone, Nick collapsed to the floor with a moan. He remained there as the elevator doors opened into the lobby. No amount of encouragement or bribery made him move. He did not look at me but rather through me, with glassy, vacant eyes. I started to worry.
With the help of a hospital intern, we carried Nick to my rental car and placed him gently on the backseat. In my heart, I felt like his reaction was one of grief, but my brain kept reminding me that he was a dog and I shouldn't anthropomorphize his response. How could he understand what had happened? If dogs are motivated only by seeking pleasure and having their own needs met, then why would Nick be so overwhelmingly sad? That little boy and his family meant nothing in terms of Nick's life.
Fearing he had suffered a stroke, I phoned a nearby veterinary clinic. A young vet helped me get Nick into a clinic exam room and, as I relayed the events of the afternoon to her, she proceeded to examine him. She found nothing wrong with him physically. He even stood up for her and finally walked with me back to the car. As the veterinarian followed us, she explained that Nick was perhaps upset because he knew I had been distressed. That would fit right in with the concept that dogs worry only about what might affect them, I thought. She explained that there really was no way to tell if a dog was truly feeling emotion. We could only describe the dog's behavior but could not speculate as to any inner feelings that might be causing the behavior.
I started to leave, not completely persuaded by her explanation but at least confident that Nick wasn't physically ill. I could see by the look on her face that she wasn't convinced by her textbook answers either. So I wasn't surprised to see her raised arm as I began to drive off, signaling me to stop. She leaned in and looked again at Nick in the backseat. Then she confided that her gut instinct was that Nick was experiencing grief for the child, the family, or both, and his behavior wasn't about his concern for me, at least not exclusively. She went on to say that I should be careful about putting him in such emotion- laden situations in the future, since he seemed to feel things so deeply. At least, she said -- ever the scientist -- his behavior indicated as much.
Trying to be a "true professional" when I started Canine Assistants, I was very careful not to credit dogs with any abilities or capacities not scientifically proven. I was so afraid of being perceived as an overly emotional dog person that I refused to open my mind. Well, as usual, Nick and the other dogs opened it for me. I began to realize that many things I know to be true haven't yet been proven scientifically. Of course Nick had been sad. I knew that in my heart all along. He had looked sad. His body literally sagged under the weight of his grief. He may have been concerned about me too, but he was undoubtedly experiencing his own intense emotions.
Time has taught me that dogs, like humans, are emotional creatures. Just watch a dog whose beloved owner returns home from a trip -- the dog jumps for joy.
Will it ever be possible for us believers to prove that dogs experience emotions? Well, yes and no. As Patricia McConnell says in her fabulous book, "For the Love of a Dog," "Emotions are slippery things." She is absolutely correct. Does your spouse have emotions? How do you know? Can you actually experience what he is experiencing internally? If not, then how can you know for certain that he has emotions?
Of course, it's simple: You ask him. Therein lies the problem with animal emotions. Not only can we not experience what they experience emotionally, we can't ask them what they're feeling. However, we can exercise a little common sense.
With the rise of ethology -- the study of animal behavior -- scientists began to allow for what actually causes behavior: emotion. Behavior problems are the number -- one cause of preventable death -- euthanasia for dogs under three years of age in the United States. Dogs have emotions. Emotions cause them to behave in certain ways. We must understand the source and catalysts of emotion before we can hope to deal successfully with behavioral problems that result from it.
Dr. McConnell explains that every emotional experience includes changes in the body, changes in expression, and thoughts or feelings that go along with them. The scenario: A man is pointing a gun at Nick as I stand next to him. The threat is real and my body floods with norepinephrine, a stress hormone that affects the part of the brain controlling action; I prepare for "fight or flight." My expression changes, my eyes widen, and my pupils dilate. I'm thinking to myself, Oh, God, Nick is going to get shot. I reach out and pull Nick to safety. This simple short scene illustrates that emotions do precipitate a range of action, from subtle eye gestures to racing heartbeats to sweeping body movements. Researchers used to believe that as our senses registered something—a charging bear, for example—we would experience an emotion, and that emotion would cause changes in our body, expression, and thoughts. Some experts now speculate that that theory was backward, believing instead that as we register sensory data that causes changes to our body and mind, we then feel the fear. I see a man with a gun turn toward my beloved dog, my body chemistry changes, my eyes widen in horror, and I think, Oh, no! Only after all of that do I feel fear.
It is counterintuitive to claim that emotion doesn't affect animals. After all, how long would a species survive without being able to experience fear? More and more experts are starting to agree. Marc Bekoff, professor emeritus of biology at the University of Colorado–Boulder, says in his book, "The Emotional Lives of Animals:" "It is bad biology to argue against the existence of animal emotions."
Darwin unquestionably believed that animals have emotions, and many experts still concur that what Darwin termed the "universal emotions" of fear, anger, disgust, surprise, sadness, and happiness are indeed the primary emotions. These are the emotions that require no conscious thought to experience, since they are born with us, hardwired into our systems.
The "triune model" from neurologist Paul MacLean suggests that we have three separate brains representing different levels of evolution. The lowest level is the reptilian brain, shared by everything from snakes and fish on up the evolutionary ladder to the very top. In addition, mammals have a paleomammalian, or limbic, brain. Finally, the more highly evolved species like man and dog have a top level known as the cerebral cortex, the thinking part of the brain that is far larger in man than in any other species. Though there may be multiple "emotion systems" in an individual's brain, primary emotions are connected to the limbic system and thus to the limbic brain shared by all mammals.
Still, some behaviorists assert that emotions are a mere reflexive process in animals other than humans. According to them, animals can experience emotions but they cannot think about them. Accordingly, Nick could experience sadness but not grief, since that would require he understand something about life and the lack thereof. That argument is understandable -- dogs do not have the same large cerebral cortex as man, and therefore some secondary emotions that involve understanding are too complex for a dog's smaller cognitive capacity. I, however, disagree that dogs are incapable of experiencing secondary emotions.
Disappointment is a secondary emotion requiring an unfulfilled expectation. In order to feel disappointed, there must be anticipation. To anticipate, one must have the capacity to think about the future; to feel disappointment, one has to realize intellectually that the anticipated event did not and will not occur. This is a relatively sophisticated concept.Yet I have never met a dog owner who does not believe their dog feels disappointment. Who hasn't seen big brown eyes looking balefully at them when an important phone call postpones a planned walk in the park? Nick had the best disappointed face ever. Big rolls of skin would droop down as he pointed his nose toward the ground. His beautiful eyes would stare at me reproachfully from under his furrowed brow. His body language spoke clearly: "You let me down."
But, conversely, did he worry about disappointing me? And if he did, did he feel remorse? Remorse and its big brother, guilt, are advanced emotions. Experiencing them necessitates an understanding of a moral code and what it means to violate that code. I think dogs can understand some of our human moral code, but only the parts that overlap with their own.
Dogs have an ancestral code of moral conduct. Wolves have strict social rules. Some of those rules are easy to identify in dogs today. For example, dogs practice the concept of possession being nine- tenths of the law—though with dogs, it is more like possession is ten- tenths of the law. The most timid member of a dog family will growl and snap even at a more dominating dog in defense of a chew bone, and the bolder dog knows better than to try to take the bone away from the one chewing it -- at least not by force. Trickery, which Jack sometimes uses to take Butch's toys, seems to be acceptable. But after the bone is all gone, the more timid dog will often make gestures that acknowledge the other dog's dominance, such as face licking and submissive rolling. These actions could be considered apologetic, though they seem more likely to be an attempt to avoid later reprimand.
Dogs worry about keeping humans happy, so they go to extraordinary measures to avoid upsetting us -- within the framework of their own understanding. That, though, is the limit of their capacity to experience guilt or remorse. I realize some people may disagree with me, citing examples of a dog behaving sheepishly in front of its owner before a misdeed is even discovered. Surely, they contend, this is evidence of guilt. Well, I don't believe it is, unless it pertains to some rule of conduct shared by both species. It is far more likely, for example, that the dog remembers that his owner got upset previously when he came home to find that the sofa cushions had been destroyed.
Jealousy, on the other hand, is a secondary emotion that dogs clearly experience. Remember how Jack cons Butch into leaving his toy by pretending there are people at the front door? What is at the root of that behavior for Jack if not jealousy? It is jealousy that causes one dog to bump another out of the way of your stroking hand.
Nick and I traveled a tremendous amount together, and he became a true veteran of the Atlanta International Airport, frequently cited as the busiest in the world. Due to a serious personal flaw of mine -- perpetual tardiness -- Nick always ran when we were in the airport. Always. We would pass through the airport doors and off we would go, a big yellow dog running, with me gracelessly trying to keep up. As we reached the security checkpoint, Nick would fling his bag (he usually carried his own luggage) onto the conveyor belt, bolt through the metal detector, and retrieve his bag on the other side. By the time Nick and I reached the underground train, I'd be a sweaty, exhausted mess.
One day I failed to hold on to the handrail, as the mechanical voice demands prior to announcing that the vehicle is leaving the station. The warning is well deserved. When I fell, my purse spilled and my stuff rolled everywhere -- a truly embarrassing moment. I glanced over at Nick to make sure he was okay, since I had also dropped his leash. He was staring passively out the window of the train, some twenty feet away from me, acting as if we had never met before. It was so obvious that Nick was embarrassed by my misstep that the man who helped me up even noted, "Looks like your dog is pretending not to know you."
While dogs experience many of the same emotions as humans, they don't necessarily experience these emotions the same way that we do. I cannot tell you what Nick's exact feelings were about the death of the little boy. I can only note that he was profoundly affected emotionally by the event and that whatever he felt went far beyond simple reflex.
At Canine Assistants, I have seen many compelling examples of what can only be described as dogs grieving. It is devastatingly sad when any of our assistance dogs die. Their human partners are, of course, bereft. But somehow the people manage to keep going, to regain their balance and move on. That is not always the case when the circumstances are reversed. When working dogs lose their owners, the dogs often fall to pieces, refusing to eat or even participate in other activities of daily living. There have been anecdotal reports of service dogs who have quite literally grieved themselves to death.
The depth of their feelings suggests that the cognitive limitations of dogs may make them experience emotions much more strongly. Consider your feelings about the death of someone close to you; you are sad but you console yourself intellectually. Dogs do not appear to have that level of intellectual flexibility. When dogs feel emotion, they feel it largely without the tempering filter of higher thought.
This is an important factor when considering whether or not our dogs actually love us. Many people seem to think the ability to love requires a higher spirituality possessed only by humans. Consider this quote from Chicago Tribune columnist Eric Zorn: "To my mind, true love requires the sort of wisdom and conceptual thinking dogs are simply incapable of." In my opinion, he has it backward. It is the very wisdom of humans that makes love so difficult for us and the relative simplicity of dogs that makes their love so intense.
Unromantic as it may be, a great deal of love is chemical. Dopamine, released during pleasurable activities, causes us to feel an emotion, usually associated with falling in love. Oxytocin is the hormone that maintains those warm feelings as love matures. Oxytocin is what bonds mothers to their children. Patricia McConnell describes it as "a one- size- fits- all hormone mediating love and attachment in all social relationships that involve feelings of care and connection." From a biological standpoint, the entire process is rudimentary and well within the grasp of dogs. Their brains, too, produce the necessary dopamine and oxytocin.
Experiencing great emotion without the ability to cognitively work through it must be extremely stressful for dogs, causing emotions to run amok and creating problems such as separation anxiety. Some researchers, including McConnell, believe that dogs can suffer post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), wherein the memory of an emotionally traumatic event becomes itself traumatic. Those who suffer from PTSD are often hypersensitive to stimuli that are related— in even the most remote manner -- to whatever caused the original trauma. This hyperreactivity stems from changes in stress hormones and in the neural pathways through which the stimulus is processed.
At Canine Assistants, a number of dogs have developed extreme hypersensitivity to noises. The problem usually begins with exposure to a startlingly loud noise, such as fireworks or balloons popping. Once the issue has been established, these dogs can become highly sensitive to even the slightest of sounds. One dog, Hershey, became so stressed by noises that the very click of the joystick on his recipient's wheelchair would send him running under the bed. Luckily, Hershey responded well to a gradual desensitizing program of medication and behavior modification, as do most other dogs.
As any veterinarian can attest, dogs can develop significantstress- related problems. Both people and dogs attempt to alleviate stress in the same manner, using what are known as displacement behaviors in order to cope. Since displacement behaviors in dogs are usually ones that humans consider misbehaviors, the more we know about stress and its effect on dogs, the better we can understand their coping processes.
There are three different categories of stress:
1. Eustress is called positive stress. This is stress you can do something about. If you are excessively hungry, you feel stress. If eating satisfies that hunger, then the stress was eustress. Eustress is positive because it helps keep us alive and encourages success.
2. Neutral stress is neither positive nor negative. The television is somewhat loud, but if it doesn't bother you enough to turn it down, the stress it creates remains neutral.
3. Distress is harmful stress. If you are starving and there is no way for you to get food, you are in distress. Distress has a negative impact on dogs and people both physically and mentally. he effects of distress are both immediate and long-lasting.
Since eustress is quickly resolved and neutral stress has no impact, it is distress in dogs, as it is in humans, that causes the most significant problems. There are a number of things that can affect dogs to the point of distress, including being left alone, hearing loud noises, fear of not pleasing their owners, and even boredom.
How can you tell if your dog is feeling stress? We must rely on our dogs' behaviors or, more precisely, their displacement behaviors to alert us. Common displacement behaviors in dogs include compulsively chewing on themselves or on objects, eliminating inappropriately in small amounts randomly throughout the house, obsessively digging holes outside, pacing, and chronic barking. Dogs may display these behaviors for a number of reasons, so it is important to analyze circumstances carefully to determine the cause. For example, if your dog pees a puddle by your back door, it isn't necessarily stress. It's possible he just needed to go to the bathroom and couldn't get outside.
If you are concerned that your dog is experiencing distress, it is first important to determine what emotion is causing the stress. Currently, much of dog training is focused on making a dog stop doing something we don't want him to do, without much thought given to why he is doing it in the first place. While this may provide a quick fix, it does not solve the issue for the long run. Imagine a water balloon filled to near capacity. If you keep adding water to the balloon without allowing some of the existing water to be released, the balloon will soon explode under the pressure. Now imagine that, instead of a water balloon, we are talking about a dog filled with negative stress. The displacement behaviors act like tiny pinholes, allowing some of the pressure to be reduced. If we plug the pinholes but allow stress to continue building, the dog is going to blow, somewhere, somehow. The dog may begin to chew holes in his own leg or suddenly bite for no apparent reason, or end up dying earlier than necessary. Stress has the same deleterious physical effect on dogs as it does on humans.
Figure out what is causing your dog to feel stressed and, if possible, eliminate the cause. For example, if boredom is creating stress for your dog because you must leave him alone for long periods, stop feeding him from a bowl and start stuffing his food into a Kong or similar toy, creating a long- lasting, time- occupying distraction. Mixing the food with low- fat cottage cheese and freezing it overnight can make it an even longer- lasting project. At Canine Assistants, we advise our service- dog recipients to feed their dogs in this manner, encouraging the animals to be still and quiet for extended periods of time.
If you cannot eliminate the stress, try giving your dog an alternative acceptable displacement behavior, a nondestructive pinhole. Maybe chewing on a rawhide would calm your dog even more than chewing on your shoes. Try more exercise to see if that provides him with adequate stress relief. Finally, if your dog is having a serious stress issue that you cannot seem to alleviate, take him to your veterinarian and explain the situation. If your vet doesn't seem interested or able to help with the problem, ask for a referral to a veterinary behaviorist. Don't be afraid to try medication if that is what your doctor recommends. Sometimes it is the only way to mitigate serious stress. Make no mistake, stress in your dog takes its toll. Do whatever is necessary to make your dog's life as stress- free as possible. After all, how is he going to help assuage your stress if he's busy trying to cope with his own?
Dogs are dependent upon us for their very survival, and that dependency can make them emotionally vulnerable. It is up to us to show them that we will meet their physical needs. But dogs also need to be shown that they can and do please us. Failing to assure them of that would be every bit as devastating for our dogs as failing to feed them.
Excerpted from THROUGH A DOG'S EYES by Jennifer Arnold Copyright © 2010 by Jennifer Arnold. Excerpted by permission of Random House Group, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.


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Glide along @CB_Connector from #CincyCyclones Stop 1 @TheBanksCincy to #FindlayMarket and #OTR and back again. Pa… https://t.co/Bt3rB8ws3b
Husband and Wife DuoDan, having a father who was an extremely talented woodworking craftsman, and Lauren, who's grandfather is as well, had an instant connection. It began as merely messing around with small projects for fun, and quickly blossomed...read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Announcing the September Featured Geocacher of the Month
You voted and we counted. And counted. And counted. Congratulations to Stuart, a.k.a. SpongeBob CachePants for pulling in a strong 106 votes to be named September's Featured Geocacher of the Month.
SpongeBob CachePants is recognized for his ability to influence and encourage geocachers around him, and for his commitment to providing quality geocaches for his community. SpongeBob CachePants is also praised for his work on the Hatfield McCoy GeoTrail Kickoff Event – a small community event that quickly became a Mega-Event.
One geocacher casting a vote put it, "SpongeBob CachePants gets my vote. He has done a lot for the geocaching community and his local community. His efforts in the Hatfield McCoy GeoTrail was a stellar. He brought his caching experience to help create a combination of history and locations to bring cachers together from all over the country. Not only did he recognize cachers when they attended the events, but he also sent personal e-mails to most attendees acknowledging their will attends. Now that is attention to detail."
SpongeBob CachePants will receive a collector's edition Featured Geocacher of the Month Geocoin, along with a Geocacher of the Month hat and certificate acknowledging his contributions signed by two of the founders of Geocaching.com.
Thank you to the fellow September nominees and all those who supported them. The nominees not chosen as Featured Geocacher of the Month will receive a gift of appreciation from Groundspeak. See a list of all the featured Geocachers of the Month here.
The geocaching community is encouraged to re-nominate those who have yet to be honored as featured Geocacher of the Month. If you know an outstanding geocacher who should be considered for the honor, send an email to email@example.com. Every nomination must meet the following requirements:
- Your name, the name of your nominee, their username
- A picture of the nominee
- Description (200 or more words) explaining why he or she deserves to be the Geocacher of the Month.
- Please inform your nominee that you've submitted them for the award.
Nominations for the October Featured Geocacher of the Month must be received by the end of the day on Sunday, October 7th.
Once we have received all of the nominations, we will choose the top three candidates and post them on the Latitude 47 blog. You will then get a chance to champion your favorite. Our goal is to involve the entire geocaching community in this process so we might learn from each other.


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Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Member Since: 2016
Business Type: Manufacturer/Factory
|Model No.
|Machine Type
|Aluminum heating plate,Anti-scald protecting cover,elegant outlook,U-shape design
|New Design High Pressure Heat Press Machine
|digital panel
|Time Range
|Max. Temp.
|Printing Area
|Pringting Thickness
|up to 70mm
|Gross Weight
|Package Size
Our company:
Guangzhou Xingyan Heat Transfer Equipment Co., Ltd is one of China's leading modernized manufacturer and marketer of heat press machines and related consumptive materials. Our company integrated withproduction, sales and service, has passed CE certification. Our main products include many different types of heat transfer machines, mug press machines, plate press machines, cap press machines, garment press machines and badge press machines and sublimation paper and sublimation ink, etc.
Packing condition :
One set by one carton or wooden case .( can be customized )
Shipping :
1. Small quantity , shipping by Express (UPS ,FEDEX ,DHL ,EMS etc .)
2. Big quantity , shipping by Air or by Sea (dealing with custom by clients)
1. Are we a Factory or Trading company ?
Firstly ,we are a factory , which has12 years experiences of heat press industry and sublimation products, our main product are sublimation heat press machines (size :small,mudium ,large) , the capacity for delivery is up to 4000 a month .As factory ,we can offer the reasonale and competitive price .
We are an intergrated company ,There are three divisions of the company , they are heat press ,sublimation blanks &consumables , and print design.
In another way , we are trading company because of earlier engaging in foreign trade. we cooperate with many foreign trade companies. Our product enjoys good reputation of clients around many different country .
2. What can I enjoy if I order from you ?
(1) Lifetime technical support
(2) Being replied within 24 hours for your question or inquiry for product .
(3) We accept OEM
(4) Competitive price with good quality depending on your final quantity .
(5) Fast speed of delivery
3. How long is your warranty?
(1) Non-vulnerable machine (non-expendable)warranty
A, One year for Non-consumable and non-intentional damage warranty period is one year (free replacement parts ),
B , More than One year , we offer purchasing price for Accessories ,
(2) wearing parts (expendable)
Each iten has its own lifetime , if it is broken , we can offer you purchase price for buying new parts
Providing material : Picture of broken machines or parts , explaination of broken reason and result .
Notice : customer should charge for shipping cost
3.Why your price is higher than others
(1) We choose the good material to provide a reliable quality . good material adding the cost of product .
(2) Our worker in production line with many years of working experience , which need more labor cost . your sample order will be finished by the skillful worker .
(3) We purchase material as massive quantity to get the best price for production , if quantity is small , the material cost is higher than massive cost . so sample price is higher than bulk price .
(4) Our company focused on Innovation , design new product for better usage of client , the new generation product will be a little higher than typical product .
(5) Our price is suitable for the market trends , you can try to place a trail order for testing the quality .
5. what about the quality of our products?
(1) Covering an area of 6000 square meters , we have a big space for production.conventional stock is up 2 million rmb
(2) The stable production line leads to the stable quality of product .
(3) Selecting good material for production , it enjoys good reputation from the client from all around the wall .
(4) We have a strict QC quality system , to check any condition before shipping .
(5) The 24 hours after sales service is good for the improvement of product quality , finally to create a better costomer usage experience .


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Bye, bye Apple. Now Facebook's the global app kingmaker
Zuck's lot will sift the gold from the mud... bitch
Analysis Facebook is helping Apple to solve the biggest problem facing mobile app stores: sorting through the quagmire of mediocrity endemic in the industry. But more importantly Facebook has found a way to turn mobile punters into profit.
The Facebook App Center (launched last week) isn't just about mobile apps, it's also a place where fans of web games such as Bubble Witch Saga can find out where their friends have gone (over to Candy Crush Saga, as it happens). Apple's decision to embed Facebook recommendations into its on-device store with iOS 6 shows Cupertino recognises that it can't fix its moribund application store on its own.
The existing discovery mechanism for mobile applications - searching and picking from the top ten - results in a starkly polarised marketplace where a handful of programs make millions while half a million make nothing at all.
"We estimate that up to two-thirds of the apps in leading consumer app store catalogues receive fewer than 1,000 downloads in their first year," states industry analyst Canalys in its latest report. "A significant proportion of those get none at all."
That's nothing new: the top-ten lists rapidly become self sustaining as few of those browsing go beyond the first page. Canalys spent 16 weeks monitoring the top 100 lists on Google Play and the iTunes app store, and discovered that around half of the titles remained on the list for the whole period - showing how popularity sustains popularity.
But alternative discovery mechanisms are hard to come by: Android's open nature was supposed to spawn specialist app stores, focusing on quality or a particular type of app, but the fragmentation of the Symbian app stores and the need to compete with Apple by numbers convinced the industry that handing Google Play a near monopoly was a price worth paying, for a while at least.
The likes of SlideMe, AppBrain and GetJar do compete with Google Play, just about, but only Amazon can offer anything new in terms of application discovery thanks to its cross-selling engine (aka "customers who bought x also bought y"). Google would, no doubt, like to mine Google+ for such data, but a dearth of activity on Google+ leaves little worth mining, so the market is open and ready for Facebook to step in.
Facebook, led by Web 2.0 adman Mark Zuckerberg, isn't making any money out of mobile app recommendations, not yet at least. However, developers will pay for access to users who "Like" related apps and the competitors who made them. Apple's new iOS lets a punter punch the "Like" button from within an application, without requiring a separate login, which is going to help Facebook build up a lot more data.
For Android apps, Zuck's social networking giant could decide to acquire AppBrain or similar down the line to cut Google out completely, but there's really little reason to bother - let Google and Apple run the backends for their thirty per cent cut while Facebook makes money from the advertising and recommendations.
Even without Apple's endorsement the Facebook App Center would still have been important, but with Apple effectively abandoning the whole application-recommendation business to Facebook it's going to become central to how mobile applications are bought and sold, for better or worse. ®
Sponsored: Webcast: Build the next generation of your business in the public cloud


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Coronavirus Update Weds 8/4 - We are pleased to say that we are currently open and despatching as normal at this time (UK and Europe only).
Home > Portuguese > Portuguese Story Books
Product Code: 4073
In stock
Bill Martin Jnr. / Illus. Eric Carle
Colourful artwork featuring familiar animals accompanies this Portuguese and English dual-language adaptation of Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? With the full text in both English and Portuguese, the familiar story will inspire both early readers and older learners who enjoy reading Portuguese and English in parallel.
This book is a high-quality dual-language picture book, suitable both for children who are learning and reading Portuguese and English in parallel and those being introduced to Portuguese or English as a second language.
This book would be best suited to parents and/or children who already have a reasonable grasp of the language as the text is not simplified in any way.
Paperback, 32pp, 280 x 235mm
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| 5.2°C Belfast
More details of Rebekah Brooks's troubled personal life emerged today as she told the hacking trial about competition with her ex-lover Andy Coulson over David Beckham stories.
Brooks told how her "complicated" relationship with Coulson came under strain as they edited rival newspapers.
She used her friendship with Victoria Beckham and her footballer husband to demonstrate the "Chinese Wall" between them as they edited sister papers, the Sun and the News of the World in 2004.
She also spoke of her problems with EastEnder husband Ross Kemp which led to her arrest for allegedly assaulting him in 2005.
Denying she had laughed while regaling the story at a business lunch, she said: "At the time that happened, it wasn't funny.
"It was a trying incident in my life, being thrown in a police cell - it's happened a lot in the last few years but it was the first time it had happened."
Brooks began editing the Sun in 2003 while co-defendant Coulson took over from her at the NotW, the Old Bailey heard.
Giving evidence for a fourth day, Brooks, 45, told how she had lunch with Mrs Beckham as the stories about her husband's alleged affair were afoot.
She told the Old Bailey trial: "The two papers were rivals and pretty strong rivals. I think Andy and I had been very good at keeping the Chinese Wall.
"It was a hostage to fortune discussing what we were working on. He was on the weekly, I was on the daily with more opportunity to publish.
"Beckham is a good example. So Andy would have known that I knew the Beckhams a little socially, we are not close friends but would see them occasionally for dinner. I was also trying to get Victoria or David to do things for the paper.
"He would know I had direct access to them so if he is working on a story and there is something afoot as the paper was working on the fact David Beckham was allegedly having an affair with a woman, to even mention that to me could be fatal to his paper.
"He would not know the day he mentioned it I had lunch with Victoria.
"So he may say on Thursday 'we will have the Beckham story this weekend' and I may respond 'sorry we are doing it tomorrow'. It was too complicated. Things were difficult, it was strained for a while."
The former News International chief executive denied telling Eimear Cook, the then wife of golfer Colin Montgomerie, about her arrest in 2005, or that she had told her how easy it was to hack phones, when they met to discuss press coverage of the woman's marriage problems.
She went on to claim she only knew about a NotW story on Dave Blunkett's alleged fling with Kimberly Quinn the night before it ran.
Asked by her lawyer Jonathan Laidlaw QC whether she knew Mr Blunkett's voicemails had been hacked in 2004, Brooks replied: "Absolutely not."
Ms Quinn had not been identified in the NotW, but the Sun ran an exclusive story the next day naming her after standing up the detail with a special adviser, the court heard.
Brooks said: "The Home Secretary's office had not denied it. One clue must have been in their statement, which was 'We are not commenting', which in newspaper-speak is not denying.
"It was inevitable her name was going to come out."
Brooks told the court "things were much better" between her and Coulson when they exchanged a series of late-night texts shortly before he travelled to Sheffield to meet Mr Blunkett in August 2004.
"My guess is they (the texts) would have been pretty personal," she said.
Brooks, of Churchill, Oxfordshire, denies conspiring to hack phones, conspiring to commit misconduct in public office and conspiring to cover up evidence to pervert the course of justice. All seven defendants deny the charges against them.


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Linked is Dijkstra's original paper introducing the algorithm. This paper also includes two variants of the stabilizing token ring algorithm, 3-state and 4-state token ring algorithms. Dijkstra would later do a followup writeup, titled, "A belated proof of self-stabilization", where he gave a proof of stabilization for 3-state token ring program.
As a side note, when I asked my distributed class whether they heard Dijkstra's name before, almost all hands went up. And almost all of them had heard his name due to the "all pairs shortest path algorithm". Interesting. Probably, in Dijkstra's mind, that algorithm was a minor contribution. He came up with that algorithm at a cafe in 20 minutes without using pen and paper. None of the students heard the "Go-to considered harmful" paper, which may be closer to what Dijkstra was aiming with his career. Dijkstra's later work focused on predicate calculus for enabling structured/principled verifiably-correct programming.
Stabilizing fault-toleranceStabilization is at the heart of the Dijkstra's token ring algorithm. Stabilization is a type of fault tolerance that advocates dealing with faults in a principled unified approach instead of on a case by case basis. Instead of trying to figure out how much faults can disrupt the system stabilization assumes arbitrary state corruption, which covers all possible worst-case collusions of faults and program actions. Stabilization advocates designing recovery actions that takes the program back to invariant states starting from any arbitrary. Anish Arora's paper "Practical Self-Stabilization for Tolerating Unanticipated Faults in Networked Systems" provides a great overview of stabilization concepts.
Token Ring stabilizationLet's start with the simple token ring concept. The processes are arranged in a ring fashion and there is a unique token circulating in this ring. (You can think of the token may be providing mutual exclusion to the processes; whichever process has the token can access the critical-section/shared-resource).
In the invariant states there is exactly one token. So in the bad states, there are two possible cases: 1) we end up with a ring with no tokens, 2) we end up with a ring with multiple tokens.
Let's consider how Dijkstra's token ring algorithm deals with case 1. Dijkstra's token ring algorithm maps the concept of a physical token to a relation between two neighboring processes. This mapping is done skillfully to limit the state space so the case 1 faults cannot possibly happen in that state space. In the mapped state space, any arbitrary state is guaranteed to contain 1 or more tokens.
How does this work? Dijstra's algorithm encodes a token with the relation: "the x variable of a process is DIFFERENT than the x variable of its predecessor in the ring". In this case, if all x variables are the same, there won't be any token in the system. To fix this Dijkstra's algorithm encodes the token differently for process 0: "There is a token at process 0, if its x variable is the SAME as that of its predecessor, process N". Encoded this way, we cannot not have 0 tokens in any arbitrary state in the state space.
A good analogy for bounding the corruption space is the use of the carousal door. For a normal door, you have two possible states: door is open or door is closed. For a carousal door, there is only one possible space: the door is closed. (Yet you still make it through that door by revolving through it.)
In order to deal with case 2, Dijkstra's algorithm uses some token overwriting mechanisms. First let's observe that no process action introduces an extra token to the system. (Of course, a fault action can corrupt state arbitrarily, and can throw the system to a state with many extra tokens.) In the normal/fault-free case, by taking an action a process consumes a token that exists between its predecessor and itself and passes this token to its successor. In the faulty case, this is also the worst damage a process can do, because it will always consume the token at itself, and since its state change affects only its successor, it may or may not pass the token to its successor. If the process execution does not pass the token to its successor, this is actually good: an extra token is removed from the system. And if enough of these happen, the system will stabilize to exactly one token case.
But what if this leads to a system with no tokens? Recall that this cannot happen due to the discussion regarding Case 1.
Stabilizing token ring algorithm in TLA+
After explaining the program actions, in order to help students internalize what is going on, I call 5 students to stand up in front of the class. The students form a ring. And they use hands up or down to represent x=1 or x=0, and enact a simulation of the program starting from some arbitrarily corrupted states. The students first get to observe that there is indeed no configuration possible with 0 tokens. Then as they enact several scenarios, they observe how no new tokens are introduced by a process action, but in some cases an extra token is consumed.
Then, I challenge them to come up with a scenario where this binary token ring formed does not get to converge. The corruption continues to live on in the system. Here is such a run in a ring of 4:
1010 --> tokens at nodes 1,2,3
1011 --> tokens at nodes 1,2, and 0
1001 --> tokens at nodes 0,1,3
1101 --> tokens at nodes 0,2,3
0101 --> tokens at nodes 1,2,3
0100 --> tokens at nodes 1,2,0
0110 --> tokens at nodes 0,1,3
0010 --> tokens at nodes 0,2,3
1010 --> tokens at nodes 1,2,3
and this gets us to the first state. The system can repeat this loop forever without stabilizing.
Of course, when you run the model checker for this setup (where x is limited to 0 and 1) the TLA+ model checker provides you this counterexample.
The M>=N requirementSo, what went wrong? Wasn't Dijkstra's token ring supposed to be stabilizing? The first time around we discussed the algorithm since x was an unbounded integer, the algorithm was stabilizing. When we considered the binary token ring example, x was bounded by 2, and that failed to stabilize in a ring of size 3 or more. There is a relation on M, the bound on x, and the algorithm's ability to stabilize for a ring of size N. We had seen in the counter example that for M<N there is a way to form a loop in the execution trace and keep the corruption going in the system.
For M>=N, the node 0 acts as a gate. Consider the case where node 0 never fires. In this case the other nodes fire, and eventually they all copy the x value at node 0, and in that configuration the system reduces to one token (at node 0) and stabilization is achieved. For M>=N, we can use the pigeon-hole principle to show that the system eventually reaches the case where node 0 does not fire until all other nodes copy its value. This is because, for M>=N, at any configuration there is a value "v" of x that is not currently present in the ring. Eventually node 0 will hit "v", and then node 0 will not be enabled until v is copied by all nodes. This is how node 0 acts as a gateway.
Concluding remarksI may talk about Dijkstra's 3-state and 4-state token ring algorithms in another post. Those are also interesting and elegant algorithms. In a paper I wrote in 2002, I used Dijkstra's classic, 3-state, and 4-state token ring algorithms as case studies. If you like to learn more about this, you can read that paper here.
Related linksCrash only software
The role of distributed state


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|Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
|Other reports in this collection
3.5.4 Terrestrial Biomass Inventories
Inventory studies measure changes in carbon stocks over large areas, and can thus provide spatially aggregated estimates of large-scale fluxes of CO2 over multi-annual time-scales (Box 3.1). Mid- and high latitude forests are covered by extensive national inventories based on repeated measurements of many thousands of plots. Inventories in the tropics are by comparison generally inadequate, particularly in view of the high rates of land-use change and extremely heterogeneous carbon density in many tropical ecosystems. There are still therefore large uncertainties in attempting to balance the terrestrial carbon budget on a global scale using inventory data.
The FAO Temperate and Boreal Forest Resource Assessment (TBFRA-2000) is a recent synthesis of inventories of forests and other wooded lands in Annex I (developed) countries for the early 1990s (UN-ECE/FAO, 2000). Many countries reported substantial increases in forest areas in recent years, as well as increasing carbon density in existing forests. According to TBFRA-2000, the land-atmosphere flux was -0.9 PgC/yr for all Annex I countries combined (the net annual increment of trees accounted for -1.5 PgC/yr, while losses due to fellings were 0.6 PgC/yr). Of this flux, -0.8 PgC/yr was due to uptake in "northern" forests (Europe, CIS, Japan and North America). An earlier review of individual regional and national studies by Dixon et al. (1994), highlighted in the IPCC WGII Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1996b; Brown et al., 1996), gave a range of -0.6 to -0.9 PgC/yr for the land atmosphere flux in northern forests. While TBFRA-2000 estimated biomass of woody vegetation only, the analyses reviewed in Dixon et al. (1994) included other vegetation, soils, litter and wood products. Under the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) signatory countries are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, including those from land-use change and forestry. Compilation of these data implies a land-atmosphere flux of -0.6 PgC/yr for all Annex I countries, and -0.6 PgC/yr for Annex I countries in the northern latitudes only (UNFCCC, 2000). While the TBFRA synthesised country statistics and adjusted data to fit FAO definitions and methodologies for calculating carbon stocks, the UNFCCC report summarises emissions data reported by each country according to IPCC guidelines; interpretation of guidelines is variable, and not all countries had reported data on land use. The implications of definitions and methodologies in calculating carbon fluxes, particularly in relation to implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, is discussed in detail in the SRLULUCF (IPCC, 2000a).
A recent compilation of data from 478 permanent plots in mature tropical moist forests throughout the tropics over at least two decades found these were taking up carbon due to increasing rates of tree growth. Extrapolation from these plots led to an estimated land-atmosphere flux of (0.6 ± 0.3 PgC/yr in Latin America; growth trends in African and Asian forests were not significantly different from zero (Phillips et al., 1998). This net uptake is offset by emissions due to deforestation. Dixon et al. (1994) estimated tropical forests overall to be a net source of carbon with a land-atmosphere flux 1.7 ± 0.4, based mostly on FAO (1993b) inventory data and simple models of the effect of land-use change (Houghton, 1995). It will not be possible to assess trends and fluxes for the 1990s in the tropics from inventory data until a full data set is available from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000. Among those countries that have reported land-use emissions data to the UNFCCC, there are significant discrepancies between the primary data used in emissions inventories and the data available in international surveys; for example, rates of deforestation differ from rates reported by FAO (1993b) by as much as a factor of six (Houghton and Ramakrishna, 1999).
The results of globally aggregated forest inventories show a greater uptake of carbon in forest growth than model-based calculations of the marginal effects of land-use change (e.g., Houghton, 2000). Thus, inventory studies provide independent evidence for the existence of a residual terrestrial sink; and they show that a substantial part of this sink, at least, is located in northern extratropical and tropical forests. Additional evidence from individual inventory studies in mature forests that have not undergone land-use changes shows that carbon stocks in such forests are increasing (e.g., Lugo and Brown, 1993; Phillips et al., 1998; Schulze et al., 1999). The difference between the northern extra-tropical land-atmosphere flux of around -0.8 PgC/yr calculated by inventories (TBFRA-2000) and that of -0.1 PgC/yr from land-use statistics (Houghton, 2000), both for the early 1990s, implies a residual terrestrial sink on the order of -0.7 PgC/yr in northern mid- and high latitudes. Combining this with the estimated sink of -0.6 PgC/yr in mature tropical moist forests (Phillips et al., 1998) makes it plausible that at least a significant fraction of the current global terrestrial sink (Table 3.1) could be explained by an increase of carbon stocks in extant forests. The inventory-based estimate of land-atmosphere flux in northern forests (-0.8 PgC/yr) is at the positive end of the range calculated by inverse modelling studies for the >30°N latitude band from 1990 to 1996 (-1.8 to -0.7 PgC/yr, Section 3.5.3), either because of biases in inverse modelling that might tend to increase apparent uptake in the north (Section 3.5.3), or because possible sinks in other ecosystems (e.g., temperate grassland soils) have not been considered in the inventories. In the tropics, the difference between the uptake of carbon estimated by inventory studies in mature forests of Latin America (-0.6 PgC/yr) (Phillips et al., 1998) and the estimated emissions due to deforestation in the tropics of 1.7 PgC/yr (Houghton, 2000) yields an estimated land-atmosphere flux of 1.1 PgC/yr, which is at the positive end of the range calculated by inverse modelling studies for 30°S to 30°N (-1.3 to +1.1 PgC/yr, Section 3.5.3). Again, it should be noted that possible additional sinks (e.g., in savannas) are neglected by the land-use and inventory-based calculations.
Other reports in this collection


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I have been a quilter for around 30 years and a member of QGBI Region 13 for around 25 of those years. Having now retired to Spain in late 2011, I am an international member.
I was a member of 2 groups in the UK - Crowton Quiltaholics and Bridge Quilters and owner of a small quilting business, Material Pleasures through which I used to run beginners classes sharing the pleasure of quilting and creating many new members in the process. I am now a member of Quilters del Sol (http://www.quiltersdelsol.org) which is a group of ladies meeting in various locations on the Costa del Sol. We are a group of around 25 members with others who attend as and when they are in Spain. We have raised money for our group through exhibitions and sales tables and we are using this to bring teachers from the UK - we had Christine Porter in September 2013 and Gail Lawther in 2014.
I am using my retirement time to develop myself and a small group of us are exploring the processes of design - very much outside my comfort zone so it will be interesting to see where it leads me. watch this space!


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For the past few years Rosary College has become one of the sought after destinations for International Students wanting to pursue their studies in Goa. The academic facilities and rich teaching experience combined with the homely, friendly and very supportive environment provided by the college proves to be very attractive for students from all around the globe to pursue their Graduate and Post Graduate Education.
The college is presently supporting 11 International Students from Afghanistan, Lesotho & Bangladesh.


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|6 Ball Mason jars with lids. Loving these painted ones I saw on Pinterest.
|Green hobnail votive holder
|Straw Dispenser
|Maxwell House 1892 Tin
|Paper tags with wire string -- Perfectly aged.
|Horse lamp. To be painted like one of these....
|High gloss white like this one from Home Goods
featured on Danielle Oakey's blog.
|Or matte black like this one from West Elm.
|Just a little teapot. Short and brown.
|Vintage tin measuring cup.
|Turquoise Wine Glass
|Cheese dome. I now have three of these. Why am I collecting cheese domes?
|Vintage Strainer
|Orange dish.
|Cute brown leather vintage purse.
|Blue and white yarn. Hoping to make these yarn poofball flowers.
|Old drawer. Check out that hardware! Mm'!!
|A VERY rusty old scale.
|Goood Houskeeping Tins. I especially love the winter and summer ones.
|Coral/Diamond Clip-On Earrings. These kind've reminded me of
these Stella and Dot earrings I have.
|Vintage yellow kitchen stool. This thang is in pretty rough shape.
I didn't think there was any hope until I saw this tutorial (pic below)from
Erin at Baby Let's Play House.
My faith is completely restored. Thank you Erin!
|Kitchen stool redo from Erin at Baby Let's Play House.
|Black chair.
|Chippy stools.
|Antique window pane. Inspired to do this or this.
I took some time this week to start organizing the madness, and I felt like I was in therapy -- forced to face my addiction. My "to be painted" pile is what really slapped me in the face.
So, I have no other choice but to take that pile head-on and slap it back. I'm comin' for ya pile. Me, my paint brush and my DIY chalk paint. We'll see YOU in the garage!
Linking up to {Not Just a Housewife, DebbieDoos, Nifty Thrifty Things, Her Library Adventures}


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Curious about what Apple's surprise press conference will bring? If our meta-liveblog is too overwhelming for you, then you can pick just the right dose of iPhone 4 news for yourself by following along on Twitter or Facebook:
On our Facebook page, we'll be posting the most important news, while there'll be immediate updates on our Twitter account—complete with commentary by yours truly.
You can easily follow the Gizmodo Facebook page by just clicking that Like button bellow:


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Favorites and duds from today's commenting.
Favorites, in no particular order:
Here's something funny and unique from EditBay in the Bucks' Y2K post. As short stuff goes, I prefer quippy and ironic, and this is my brand of tea. Absurdity is hard to do well, so kudos to EditBay for getting this one right.
So much going on here, from SavetoFavorites, in the Ray Rice post. It's hard to get into StF's head, and even after reading his comments, you feel like you sometimes need An Idiot's Guide to StF's Comment For Dummies. But here's my imperfect interpretation: rather than let the average (and far below) commenter take a stab at the obvious, bad (and far below) jokes, StF takes it upon himself to unearth, dust off, and put a new and interesting shine on the antique Borscht-Belty premises we're always digging up when a big story breaks. And he does it in bulk, and with gusto! And well. Comment(s) of the Day!
Good, smart turn of phrase by TheAmazingSneijderman in the post accompanying the picture of Grant Balfour's unfathomably huge truck.
A dialogue joke? With Andy Reid's weight as the punchline? Well, look, I'm telling you it works. It just does. I'll admit that I liked it better before I read the post, and in so doing, admit that I read the comments before I read the posts in general. But it's still funny, even if it's not totally out of left field. And BlairWalshProject shouldn't be punished for my backwards reading style.
Finally, we have a short and sweet dig at a guy who seems like he might be destined to get plenty of digs over the next couple years, from pkellen2313 in the John Calipari post. That one got a good chuckle out of me.
Total Fucking Duds
I had initially resolved to not include any duds tonight, because it's fun to be positive sometimes. But there were so many incredibly awful things said today, I had to prepare an amuse-bouche of truffled junk trash to whet your whistles.
Here's a nice State of the Comment Section thread, notable for featuring an unfunny and tasteless pseudo-barb from the heretofore unknown WhiskeyBlackout, who is so enamored with it that he feels compelled to share a link to the long-dead Commentist Manifesto in its defense. Gang, here's a clue: the guys who wrote that thing couldn't land a joke in a Favorites any day of the week with Raysism's keyboard. They're not coming through that door to save your idiotic boner joke. The cavalcade of unrecognizable burners calling the lone objector a retard was a great look, though.
There are two jokes on this post that I think are so beyond sad that I'm not bothering to call them out. Here's a rule of thumb, though: a lot of bad comments start out with opinions on a woman's appearance.
Finally, an almost hard to believe display of privilege by utter jackass wavedrop in the Pussy Riot post. Man, it sure is nice to live in a country where you don't have to fight for every single right you ever get. Why don't all the Russians just move somewhere like that? Pig.
Alright, I'll do better next time. See ya


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Trauma in ED Programme
Venue: Yarnfield Park Conference Centre, Stone, Staffordshire ST15 0NL.
Accommodation: Available from only £45.00 per night. Contact Yarnfield direct to book your accommodation quote TRAUMACARE2019.
Dinner, bed and breakfast from £55.00
Follow us on twitter using #TRAUMACARE19
Registration is from 8am till 9am with the Conference starting at 9am prompt.
Please share this event on your Twitter or Facebook pages.
Thank you, Trauma Care.
Trauma Care is a Charity registered in the UK, Number 1078780
Trauma Care has also established a limited liability company to maximise fund-raising in areas not compatible with its charitable status
© 2018 Trauma Care


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I'm excited to see what you guys came up as of now wooooo! Go guys!
BTW, Jeff it seems like the animations from the previous competition are delayed in release.
It's been quite a while, and you didn't do the montage thingy
I'm excited to see what you guys came up as of now wooooo! Go guys!
BTW, Jeff it seems like the animations from the previous competition are delayed in release.
It's been quite a while, and you didn't do the montage thingy
Still waiting for the results ;(
Last edited by HyMaster; 07-03-2017 at 05:10 PM.
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Same here. 2 weeks extra plus 2 days for judging 11 entries is more than enough isn't it?
Hopefully today the announcement will comes up. It's been delayed for 3 days..
Yeah sorry everyone. We had an entrant who submitted the wrong file which caused the unexpected delay, as well as some coordination issues getting the scoring in on time. This is exactly why we're taking a break to restructure completely onto the new site. Running the competitions informally through the forum has caused an organizational nightmare for me and it's clearly not working for anyone's benefit. So the new site has the following system for competitions coming up:
- Dedicated section to browse current and past competitions in their entirety
- Automated system for joining and submitting to a competition, no more PMs!
- Notifications for every step of the competition directly to your notification box
- Automated system for judges to be alerted when entries are submitted; scoring system so there is no room for error or coordination problems
- Competition Management tools for people joining and people running competitions (we are likely going to have competitions that are run by other users)
- Integration with profiles so others can see the competition you're in as well as badges for participation or if you were a judge
- Integration with the portal so your submission will be published by us automatically
- Judges Picks is another subsystem that will let our judges choose which entries will be highlighted on the new front page
I know this doesn't excuse the issues we've had keeping house, but hopefully this will make it so much easier on everyone when we return. Then there's less stress all around!
Results are going to be posted by tonight at the latest once verified. Then the next time we do this it will be with a shiny new coat of paint
EDIT: To anyone wondering where the animations are from last competition - we've got them ready to be launched as featured content with the new site this summer.
Last edited by Jeff; 07-04-2017 at 01:47 PM.
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This report discusses miscellaneous electrical loads, which are building loads that are not related to general lighting, heating, ventilation, cooling, and water heating, and typically do not provide comfort to the occupants. MELs in commercial buildings account for almost 5% of U.S. primary energy consumption.
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This report describes the psychrometric bin analysis that was conducted for the ASHRAE recommended and allowable operating environment zones as well as a modified allowable operating environment, discusses control strategies, and presents examples of energy-efficient data centers using alternative cooling strategies.
Conventional information technology (IT) equipment and data center spaces can consume more than 100 times the energy of standard office spaces, so the potential for energy savings is huge. You can use this application guide to reduce your equipment energy consumption in any building with a data center, server closets, or other IT equipment (computers, printers, etc.). Some of these strategies are most effective at the beginning of the design process; others can be implemented at any time and be sequenced as part of the normal procurement and replacement schedule.


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Madam Speaker, I have the honour to table, in both official languages, the government's response to the second report of the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration entitled "Hands across the border: Working Together at our Shared Border and Abroad To Ensure Safety, Security and Efficiency".
House of Commons Hansard #181 of the 37th Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was c-55.


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Product Code: S17NE00068
Product Code: S17NE00068
NEC's PA722X is a 7200 lumen installation projector equipped to take on the most demanding integration projects. Enjoy design and installation flexibility with a complete line of optional bayonet style lenses, tilt-free installation capabilities and horizontal/vertical lens shift. What's more, uncompressed high definition video can be projected via integrated HDBaseT.
TileMatrix enables 4Kx2K resolution utilizing 4 projectors via external distribution amplifier. Multi-display support with Picture by Picture/Picture Out Picture. High performance video processing/scaling creates life-like images. Integrated software applications such as DisplayNote®, Crestron Roomview, AMX Beacon and PJ link allow for complete interactivity and control 7200-lumen brightness enhances images for most applications.
|Free Installments


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Elements Of Style
Blog Favorites: Fashion vs. Interiors Series
I really, REALLY love doing these posts! Here is a link to all of the ones I've done in the past, but this one has to be a favorite, from February 2013:
Typically when I have some extra money to buy myself something nice I have to chose between something for the home or something for my closet. But sometimes these desires relate… fashion and interiors continuously influence each other. See what I mean?
Katie Ridder wallpaper/ Isabel Marant dress (covet)
Reupholstered chair/ stripe tote
vintage doorknocker/ serpent earrings
reupholstered stripe chair/ stripe tee
emerald drapes/ emerald gown
O&L Trifid wallpaper/ Goyard clutch (that I would sell an organ for)
vintage chair/ Alexander Wang leopard bag
navy walls/ Essie's Bobbing for Baubles
Madeline Weinrib rug/ Lanvin dress


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Women's Koola Tall Wide
Detailshttps://www.koolaburra.com/1017089D.html 1017089D
Item No: 1017089D
The quintessential closet staple, this best-loved basic combines soft suede, plush sheepskin, and faux fur for a boot you're bound to live in. An icon in its own right, the Koola Tall delivers round-the-clock comfort via a cushioning sockliner and lightweight EVA sole.
- 10" tall
- Suede upper
- Sheepskin and faux fur lining
- Lightweight, molded EVA midsole/outsole
Learn more details here.
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Product Reviews
Views expressed in these reviews are those of the individual author and do not reflect the views of Koolaburra by UGG®. Koolaburra by UGG® does not claim that you are likely to have similar results. To learn more about each product's features, check out our product details.


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After 600 alumni voted on four different choices, a new logo for the Alumni Association has been chosen. The logo will be displayed at Homecoming on Saturday, October 9, 2010.The alumni association will have a booth at the homecoming festivities, giving away a limited supply of portfolios emblazoned with the new logo.
Originally begun in 1889, the Geneva College Alumni Association was formed for the purpose of advancing the interests of the college, to promote camaraderie among alumni and to strengthen the relationship between graduates and the college. In cooperation with the Geneva Alumni Council, the Board of Trustees of Geneva College recently approved the reconstitution of the Alumni Association with the intention of increasing participation by alumni. All graduates of Geneva College are granted membership in the Alumni Association and are considered voting members.
The Alumni Council includes:
Wendy (Schwedler '91) Allman, President
MSGT Jeff Barnes ADCP ′01 and MSOL ′07, Vice President
Chaplain G. Barry Davis Jr. '75
Trudi A. Dunlap ′99, Secretary/Historian
Dr. Anne (Ladrach '81) Harper
Theodore O. Kay '71
Carolyn (Metcalfe '62) Mollenkopf
Thomas C. Pyle '09
Charles C. (Jody MSOL '07) Raeford
Janet (Wherry) Wise '64
Ex-officio members:
Rev. Bruce Backensto ′69 – Board of Trustees representative
Becky (Carson ′85) Phillips – Director of Constituent Relations
Gwen Ward ′12 – President, Geneva College Student Union
Geneva College is a comprehensive Christian college of the arts, sciences and professional studies. Founded in the tradition of the Reformed Christian faith, Geneva prepares students to serve Christ in all areas of society: work, family and the church. Geneva College′s philosophy of education is based on the Foundational Concepts of Christian Higher Education. Geneva is a founding member of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU).
© Geneva College | All rights reserved


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"First introduced in Halo 2, the map is set within the New Mombasa locale."
Headlong is not part of Halo the first, nor is New Mombasa. AFAIK the New Mombasa location was introduced in Halo 2/ODST/Halo 3. Whereas Halo Combat Evolved was on the first Halo. Have no idea about the books but then I wouldn't read a book about the Quake/DOOM back-story either.
Call of Duty is made and released every year along-side the next being pumped out for the next year. Some of the same teams are involved. That does not equate to Black Ops assets being intended Modern Warfare 2 just because they were created during the same time period.
If you have some evidence of these claims I would love to see it.


text: UFDC Home myUFDC Home | Help | RSS Title: Early banking days in Florida CITATION THUMBNAILS PAGE IMAGE ZOOMABLE Full Citation STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/NF00000049/00001 Material Information Title: Early banking days in Florida Physical Description: Book Language: English Creator: Barnett, Bion Hall Publisher: Florida Bankers Association Place of Publication: Orlando, Fla. Publication Date: April 25, 1924 Record Information Bibliographic ID: NF00000049 Volume ID: VID00001 Source Institution: University of North Florida Holding Location: University of North Florida Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. Resource Identifier: ltqf - AAA0873 Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2010 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. Acceptable Use, Copyright, and Disclaimer Statement Last updated October 10, 2010 - Version 2.9.9 - mvs


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| July 24, 2011, 9:31 pm
Victim's name: Michael Dobbins, 54
Where body found: alley on 1200 block of South Nevada Avenue
Investigative agency: Colorado Springs Police Department
Date killed: Nov. 9, 1997
Cause of Death: stabbed
Suspect: None identified
There's a drunk lying in the alley. Could someone come and do something about it?
So came the report to the Colorado Springs Police Department dispatch on Nov. 9, 1997.
It wasn't an unusual call for this part of town.


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Sports Briefs
SportsUncategorized August 19, 2015 Josh Mathews
Bird, Meadowbrook Pre-Sale Tickets
Meadowbrook High School Athletics have announced the pre-sale schedule for the Meadowbrook vs. Bird football game taking place on Aug. 28 at 6 p.m.; gate opens at 4:45 p.m. Pre-sale tickets are $7 and $10 at the gate. The pre-sale schedule begins the week of the game and is as follows:
- Monday and Tuesday 11-1 at Meadowbrook
- Wednesday 11-1 at Meadowbrook and then 6-8 at Bird during JV
- Thursday 9-11 at Bird and 3-6 at Meadowbrook
- No Pre-Sale on Friday
Coble, Hughes, reunite with Taylor
Meadowbrook alumni Troi Hughes (DB/Norfolk State) and Andre Coble (WR/James Madison) were reunited this summer with former Meadowbrook head coach Troy Taylor when they transferred to Virginia Union University in Richmond. Both players weren't utilized often at their former schools, despite showing flashes of talent when they did find the field. In 2014, Coble caught 17 passes for 160 yards and a touchdown at James Madison. Hughes got limited playing time at NSU despite intercepting three passes in 2013.
Bird AD Takes Fuqua School Post
L.C. Bird Athletic Director Chuck Thomas announced his resignation from the Athletic Director position earlier last week in order to accept the same position at the Fuqua School, a private school in Farmville. Thomas, who coached basketball for the Skyhawks, led the team to a 2010 state championship appearance and will also take the head coaching post at the school.
More mobility
Letter to the Editor Apr 2, 2020
Lewis nets 2nd team all-state honors
Basketball Apr 2, 2020


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|Biosequences .. Software .. Molbio soft .. Network News .. FTP
Nice list! I think the works of some of the German botanists such as Engler and Prantl ought to rate at least an honorable mention. Much of their family-level work stands today. I would also include works of Cronquist, as well as _Genera Plantarum._ How about something on the science/art of perspective? A treatise on mapmaking? Mendel's work? Good stuff! M. Reed


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text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - PGCE? Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in PGCE? Goto page 1, 2 Next Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> United Kingdom View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message lajzarJoined: 09 Feb 2003Posts: 647Location: Saitama-ken, Japan Posted: Wed Feb 11, 2004 5:28 am Post subject: PGCE? Does anyone know what the chances of getting on a PGCE course are, based on a degree and 2 years efl experience in teh Japanese state school system? Also, can anyone recomend any particular PGCE programmes? I am particularly thinking of programmes focusing either on primary teaching, or on English. Computers would also be a possibility, but I feel that field changes way too fast. Back to top gugelhupfJoined: 24 Jan 2004Posts: 575Location: Jabotabek Posted: Wed Feb 11, 2004 8:15 am Post subject: So long as you have a UK degree or equivalent you can get on a PGCE course. As far as I know all applications to UK universities are done centrally via www.gttr.ac.uk. The whole initial application process can be done online. I really don't know what the best universities and institutes are for the different subjects. I do know that there are special incentives for science, maths and foreign language teachers as there is a shortage of these. I fear there may not be a shortage of English teachers, however! Back to top gugelhupfJoined: 24 Jan 2004Posts: 575Location: Jabotabek Posted: Wed Feb 11, 2004 8:42 am Post subject: I apologise! I've just checked and English IS a shortage subject, so there are special incentives available to PGCE graduates who choose to teach at secondary level in the UK. This includes a "golden hello" of 4000UK and repayment over time of outstanding student loans by HM govt.! Back to top naturegirl321Joined: 04 May 2003Posts: 9041Location: home sweet home Posted: Mon Feb 16, 2004 3:39 am Post subject: I'm considering getting a PgCE, what's the main difference between a PGCE and a PGDE? Are all PCGE courses a year? Or can some be done in a semester? Back to top Mark-OJoined: 25 Jun 2003Posts: 464Location: 6000 miles from where I should be Posted: Fri Apr 09, 2004 7:29 pm Post subject: Naturegirl - I'll be taking my PGCE in October in the UK. A PGCE, PGDE and any other permutation of those letters(!) amounts to the same thing - acquiring QT (Qualified Teacher) status in the many countries that offer it such as Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Australia etc. The PGCE course is an academic year i.e. October-June if pursued in a full-time capacity. I believe that some institutions offer this qualification in a part-time format. I'm not certain, but I think the length of the course is then more like 2-3 years(?) Lazjar - The best PGCE course depends on you and your career aspirations. If I presume that you want to go into TEFL afterwards then I've been advised that either a Secondary School PGCE in English or a Primary PGCE would be your best bets. Each has their benefits and drawbacks. As I said, I'm doing a PGCE this year and so know a bit about PGCEs in the UK. PM me if you need specifics. Back to top dezJoined: 02 Jul 2003Posts: 52 Posted: Sat Oct 02, 2004 10:29 am Post subject: How much time is involved in getting a PGCE per week? Back to top waxwingJoined: 29 Jun 2003Posts: 719Location: China Posted: Sat Oct 02, 2004 11:08 am Post subject: When I did it (admittedly 10 years ago), it was one year full time. Full time means 9-5ish 5 days a week. That is, start in September, end next September. Like an MSc. Although I think it was scaled down in summer, I don't remember 100%. It's a bit tough if you're used to a normal student's calendar . Back to top dmbJoined: 12 Feb 2003Posts: 8397 Posted: Sat Oct 02, 2004 1:28 pm Post subject: Does it make a difference if you do a PGCE in Scotland or England. I know that at the international school here, in Istanbul, it doesn't but what about other countries? Back to top AfraJoined: 02 Feb 2003Posts: 389 Posted: Sun Oct 03, 2004 10:18 am Post subject: I did a PGCE in Post-Compulsory Education with the University of Greenwich some years ago. It was distance - but you had to live in the UK - with a limited attendance requirement. At the time, it was funded by the LEA, the same as any PGCE, but prior learning was assessed and with a degree and CELTA/Trinity Cert, you entered into the second year. There was also a requirement that you had a teaching job of a certain number of hours per week and if, after one observed class, you didn't 'pass' that TP, there would be more mentored TP. This course is really for experienced teachers at tertiary level who want an acceptable teaching qualification in England and Wales and who are prepared or able to do a lot of work alone. Essays were assessed by the TT staff of the University and constructive feedback was given. There was also a reflective element written over the year. Back to top Russell HaddJoined: 06 May 2004Posts: 181 Posted: Sun Oct 03, 2004 9:45 pm Post subject: dmb wrote: Does it make a difference if you do a PGCE in Scotland or England. I know that at the international school here, in Istanbul, it doesn't but what about other countries? If you're intending to teach in Scotland then it was always easier if you did your PGCE in Scotland as you then got automatic membership of the General Teaching Council (GTC) for Scotland. I speak in the past as I know there were moves to set up a GTC for England but I'm not sure if this has happened yet as I haven't needed to join since the idea was put forward (can anyone tell us about this?). I know that it is now easier for a PGCE holder from an English University to gain membership of the GTC for Scotland as my partner managed this in 2 months. Back to top dezJoined: 02 Jul 2003Posts: 52 Posted: Mon Oct 04, 2004 1:44 pm Post subject: waxwing wrote: When I did it (admittedly 10 years ago), it was one year full time. Full time means 9-5ish 5 days a week. That is, start in September, end next September. Like an MSc. Although I think it was scaled down in summer, I don't remember 100%. It's a bit tough if you're used to a normal student's calendar . I was asking because there are a number of jobs that I've heard about where you work what seems to be full-time hours. How can you work a full-time job and do this PGCE? If the work outside class is anything like it was for the CELTA I don't see how you could. Back to top scot47Joined: 10 Jan 2003Posts: 15343 Posted: Fri Oct 08, 2004 11:37 am Post subject: pgce Doing a PGCE means being a full-time student. Back to top dezJoined: 02 Jul 2003Posts: 52 Posted: Fri Oct 08, 2004 12:50 pm Post subject: Re: pgce scot47 wrote: Doing a PGCE means being a full-time student. I wonder how those jobs in HK expect you to teach FT and go to school FT. It's part of the requirements to be a NET teacher there. You have to complete the PGCE within your first year of employment if you don't have one. Back to top scot47Joined: 10 Jan 2003Posts: 15343 Posted: Mon Oct 11, 2004 6:56 am Post subject: PGCE and money I did it in the pre-Thatcher era when students nearly always gota GRANT from the State. As an aging wrinkly I have difficulty in coming to terms with the new system of higher education in the Yookay. Back to top mb2086Joined: 11 Feb 2004Posts: 19Location: london Posted: Sun Oct 24, 2004 12:19 am Post subject: I'm pretty sure English is not a subject in which there is a priority for recruting teachers in the UK. However that doesn't mean you can't do it or won't get acceptance on a one year PGCE course. As for being a student anyone accepted on to a PGCE automatically is entitled to £6000 towards living expenses and no tuition fees to pay. I would recommend the Open University to do it with because it means you would not be tied to any particular location and they have a particuarly good reputation. Also they have a-lot of information about the PGCE and even conduct paid 'trials' for people considering becoming qualified teachers:- http://search.open.ac.uk/kbroker/open/search.sim?qt=pgce&go.x=0&go.y=0&sr=0&nh=20&cs=iso-8859-1&sb=0&hs=0&sc=public&ha=1&mt=0&to=0&sm=0 Good luck. Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> United Kingdom All times are GMTGoto page 1, 2 Next Page 1 of 2 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. 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text: On Saturday, June 19, three endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtles were treated like "diplomats of the sea" as they were escorted from Baltimore to the southern tip of Maryland in a new 2010 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid – the Official Conservation Vehicle of the National Aquarium – and released into the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout State Park in Scotland, Maryland. The successful transfer and release marks the first of many animal rescue efforts that will take place as part of an ongoing partnership between the National Aquarium and Chevrolet. Chevrolet and the National Aquarium share the goal of inspiring individuals to make thoughtful choices that ensure healthier oceans and waterways for our community and around the world. As part of Chevrolet's exclusive vehicle partnership with the National Aquarium, Chevrolet is providing a hybrid Silverado for the Aquarium's Animal Rescue program. Additionally, Chevrolet's "gas-friendly to gas-free" campaign will be at the Aquarium's Baltimore venue this summer to raise awareness of how people can become less dependent on oil and live more eco-friendly lives through vehicle options. "When we found out that these endangered sea turtles being rehabilitated by the National Aquarium needed to be released, we knew our Silverado was the perfect vehicle for the job," said Chevrolet Sales and Marketing Manager Dan Adamcheck. "We take pride in knowing that with our hybrid technology, the National Aquarium can better care for animals in need, whether they are responding locally or if they are called on to help with the terrible situation in the Gulf." The sea turtles came to the National Aquarium in January from New England and Delaware, suffering from cases of cold stunning- the sea turtle equivalent of hypothermia. After 6 months of rehabilitation by The National Aquarium's Animal Rescue program, the turtles, named Marshall, Patterson and Hampden, were nursed back to health and ready to be released back to the ocean. Prior to release, Marshall, who was named after the General Motors Baltimore Transmission Operations plant in White Marsh, Maryland, was outfitted with a small satellite transmitter that will allow the National Aquarium to track the turtle. The public is invited to follow Marshall's progress by viewing a satellite map of his travels at the Aquarium's website. Saturday's event marked the 84th, 85th and 86th animals released by the National Aquarium. Formed in 1991 and staffed almost entirely by volunteers, the Animal Rescue team has responded to hundreds of strandings, including seals, dolphins and endangered sea turtles, and to sightings of manatees, dolphins and other marine mammals. "Our rescue team responds to animal strandings all over the state of Maryland, which has nearly 7,000 miles of shoreline," commented Jennifer Dittmar, Stranding Coordinator for the National Aquarium's Animal Rescue program. "Thanks to Chevrolet, our Silverado hybrid allows us to fulfill our mission of rescuing, rehabilitating, and releasing sick and stranded animals, while maximizing fuel efficiency and minimizing our environmental impact. It's a win-win scenario for our team." As an active member of the Northeast Region Stranding Network, the National Aquarium is closely connected to the agencies responding to the disaster in the Gulf, and is on standby to help with the rehabilitation of injured sea turtles. Since Kemp's ridley sea turtles commonly utilize the Chesapeake Bay during the warm summer months to feed on an assortment of jellies and invertebrates, Aquarium officials felt this was the best time and location to release the turtles and to prepare for the possibility of new patients. The turtles are expected to stay in the Mid-Atlantic region or head north for the summer. Many of Animal Rescue's patients are sick or injured due to human-related problems like boat strikes, gear entanglement or plastic ingestion. Weather, malnourishment, exhaustion and pollution also contribute to strandings. Rescuing and studying stranded animals provides vital information about the status of the ocean and coastal environments, as well as the biology and health of the animals that live in those environments. About Chevrolet Chevrolet is one of America's best-known and best-selling automotive brands, and one of the fastest growing brands in the world. With fuel solutions that range from "gas-friendly to gas-free," Chevrolet has nine models that offer an EPA-estimated 30 miles per gallon or more on the highway, and offers two hybrid models. More than 2.5 million Chevrolets that run on E85 biofuel have been sold. Chevrolet delivers expressive design, spirited performance and strives to provide the best value in every segment in which it competes. More information can be found at www.chevrolet.com. Click here for more information on the Volt. Categories: Conservation


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