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In less than two weeks, President Barack Obama and Republican nominee Mitt Romney will square off in the first of a series of presidential debates that will include foreign policy. But who should they be drawing their inspiration from? And whose examples should they be avoiding?
Global Public Square asked a group of historians and commentators for their take on the most successful and least successful U.S. presidents, from a foreign policy point of view. Here, we feature their picks of the best, and on Friday, we'll highlight those considered the least successful. (All views expressed here are, of course, the writers' own.) Agree or disagree? Share your thoughts in the comments.
Bruce Jentleson is professor of Public Policy and Political Science at Duke University and the author, among other works, of "American Foreign Policy: The Dynamics of Choice in the 21st Century."
His take: Both for his leadership turning one of our country's moments of greatest vulnerability into the triumph of World War II, and for the vision to begin building the postwar peace, Franklin D. Roosevelt deserves the highest ranking. Congressional isolationists had blocked most of FDR's efforts to start mobilizing the American industrial base and preparing the American people for the war. We would have had our work cut out for us even if the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor hadn't crippled the Navy. FDR's fireside chats provided a mix of reassurance and call to action. From only 175,000 troops, enlistments and the draft brought the military to 8.5 million. Government and industry worked together. American families did their share buying war bonds and growing "victory gardens" – including my then-14 year-old Mom who still had her official thank you letter for her Scranton, Pennsylvania plot of lettuce and tomatoes when she died more than 60 years later. And even before the war was over, he began laying the groundwork for a postwar order: the Bretton Woods open international economic system, the United Nations, diplomacy with the Soviet Union to at least try and avoid what later became the Cold War.
More: The current candidates' global challenges
James Lee Ray is director of undergraduate studies at Vanderbilt University.
His take: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is hard choice to avoid as most successful foreign policy president. He faced the greatest, most serious challenges, and he dealt with them successfully.
He managed to make important contributions to the anti-fascist effort even when faced with overwhelming isolationist opposition before 1941. (Lend-Lease, for example.) Japan attacked in 1941, and then Hitler declared war almost immediately. That declaration made it possible for him to focus on Europe first. His planning for the attack across the English Channel took a very long time. Meanwhile, the Nazis and Communists were killing each other by the millions. The difficulties faced by the Allies even in 1944 when the cross-channel attack was launched suggest that an earlier attack might have been premature and unsuccessful.
Holding together the Allied coalition was difficult. Adopting the policy of "unconditional surrender" was probably a key to doing so. He did put too much faith, at Yalta, in his ability to deal with Stalin after the war. He didn't count on being dead when the time came. But it is unlikely that any policies would have prevented the Soviet Union from taking over in Eastern Europe, or the Cold War.
Andrew Bacevich is a professor of international relations at Boston University and a retired career officer in the U.S. Army.
His take: The measure of merit: A successful statesman enhances the wealth, power, and influence of the state; the unsuccessful statesmen depletes those assets.
Based on those criteria, Franklin D. Roosevelt ranks as our most successful foreign policy president. Thanks to FDR's skillful management of World War II, the United States by 1945 had become the richest and strongest country in the world. Americans were the sole beneficiaries of the cataclysm touched off by Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939. By the time the smoke cleared, the ranks of Great Powers had been reduced to two and in every way that counted, the United States enjoyed vast advantages over its only conceivable rival, the Soviet Union.
James M. Lindsay is the senior vice president and director of studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.
His take: In the spirit of the bipartisanship that Americans long for in their foreign policy but typically don't see, two presidents rate as most successful in foreign policy: Franklin D. Roosevelt and George H.W. Bush. With the destroyer-for-bases-deal, the Lend Lease Act, and other actions, FDR secured critical support for Britain during its darkest hours and against intense isolationist head winds at home. He then led the country to victory in World War II and oversaw the creation of the bedrock international institutions of the modern world: the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.
More: Next president faces a dangerous world
Thomas Schwartz is professor of history at Vanderbilt University.
His take: Two very different presidents who come to mind almost immediately are Harry Truman and Richard Nixon. Truman's presidency laid the basis for the successful policy of containing the Soviet Union and built such important foreign policy institutions as NATO, through which American policy was exercised throughout the Cold War. He presided over the reintegration of Germany and Japan into the American led system of alliances. Truman did fight an unpopular war in Korea and fire a popular general, but his decisions have largely been vindicated by history even though they made him extremely unpopular as he left office. The other president is Richard Nixon, who with the help of Henry Kissinger reversed America's decades-long estrangement from China and dramatically improved relations with the Soviet Union, playing the two communist giants off against each other. Although Nixon's policy of ending the war in Vietnam was controversial, it was ultimately approved by the American people, who gave him one of the largest landslides in American history. But the collapse of his presidency over Watergate keeps his presidency from being seen as a success.
But the president I would select as the most successful post-1945 president in foreign policy is George Herbert Walker Bush. Bush came into the presidency during the tumultuous year of 1989, which saw the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, and most importantly, the reunification of Germany. Not only did he manage these changes with an intelligence and modesty that facilitated America's goals, he also worked quietly behind the scenes with his Soviet counterpart Mikhail Gorbachev to minimize any violence and bloodshed. At the same time, Bush engineered an extraordinarily effective international coalition to oust Saddam Hussein from Kuwait. He was a president who both recognized the potential strength of the United States, but also the limits of its power.
James Lee Ray:
His take: George H. W. Bush is surely the most highly qualified foreign policy president in the history of the country. He had been a Congressman, head of the CIA, ambassador to the United Nations, envoy to China and vice president of the United States for eight years by the time he became president.
And that experience seemed to pay off. He did launch a gratuitous attack on Panama in 1989. But then he put together the greatest, most powerful coalition ever (compared to its enemy), to push Iraq (and its million man army) out of Kuwait in 1991. He avoided the temptation to go into Baghdad. (Had he not, the hardline Communist coup in the Soviet Union in August of 1991 would have succeeded.)
Bush faced a situation in Germany after the end of the Cold War whose potential for disaster is also still under-appreciated. The Soviet Union still had 300,000 troops in East Germany. It did not want to see Germany united, and it considered a united Germany as a member of NATO totally out of the question. But President Bush managed to pull that off anyway, without creating a very messy crisis in the middle of Europe, with a desperate Soviet Union in its death throes.
James M. Lindsay:
His take: George H. W. Bush did not enjoy the FDR's electoral success. But during his one term he successfully handled some of the stiffest foreign policy challenges of the last half century. He helped manage the peaceful collapse of the Soviet Union and pushed for the reunification of Germany against the advice of close U.S. allies. He also liberated Kuwait and resisted calls to send the U.S. military onward to Baghdad. No, the elder Bush never figured out what the "new world order" would look like. But then again, neither have his three successors.
Danielle Pletka is Vice President of Foreign and Defense Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute.
Her take: Measuring the relative success of American presidents in foreign policy is an almost impossible task. Even narrowing the task to the 20th and 21st centuries demands almost ridiculous comparisons. What are the metrics? Lives lost? Lives saved? American interests served? But which ones? Many might argue that Franklin Roosevelt was one of our nation's greatest foreign policy leaders, ushering in the era of American global leadership, ridding the world of a vile dictator. But World War II was also a tale of missed opportunity; of lives lost because the United States would not act. Can any war that ends with the death of six million Jews be considered a "success"?
Then too, there are contests, many partisan, for the title of worst foreign policy president. Was it Lyndon Johnson, who failed to successfully prosecute the Vietnam War and sacrificed tens of thousands of American lives only to see us leave a few short years later? Was it George W. Bush, scourge of liberals for beginning the Iraq War, a conflict supported by the United States Congress but long and complex in its undertaking? Or Jimmy Carter, for whom ideology was paramount, therefore allowing the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Islamist takeover of Iran?
There are no serious answers to the question because American leadership doesn't lend itself to a neat, nonpartisan dissection of our presidents. Different Americans want different things for our country, and even those Americans aren't divided into neat partisan lines. There are Republicans and Democrats for retreat; conservatives and liberals for internationalism.
Still, two men vie for the title of best and worst, though each has many competitors. Each governed at a seminal moment, and saw the United States through a crossroads, determining a path that would govern our future for many years.
Ronald Reagan had a vision for America in the world. Importantly, his ambitions for America's role on the world stage were not shaped by our enemies, but rather shaped by his own view of American exceptionalism. Reagan hastened the end of the defining battle of the 20th century, the fight between those who believed in freedom and those who embraced communism. True, there were bad choices of allies (Pinochet, Savimbi), but in the aftermath of the Carter era – dominated by a president who believed American power was an embarrassment to be lived down – Reagan knew not only what the United States opposed, but what America supported: freedom in all its iterations.
More: What can history teach the next president?
Honorable mention
David Ryan is professor of history at University College Cork, Ireland and author of Frustrated Empire: US Foreign Policy from 9/11 to Iraq.
His take: Jimmy Carter reflected in his second State of the Union that it was "sound." The troubles of 1979 had yet to compound his presidency. Carter reflected that on his watch, not one American service person had died abroad. He asked his audience, in words that now seem incredibly ironic, what sort of world the early 21st century would be as that generation of kids grew up – would America be at war? "Our children who will be born this year will come of age in the 21st Century. What kind of society, what kind of world are we building for them? Will we ourselves be at peace? Will our children enjoy a better quality of life? Will a strong and united America still be a force for freedom and prosperity around the world?" Little did he realize that it would witness two presidents trying desperately and ineffectively to withdraw from two theaters of combat with mixed results.
Of course, Carter was weak! Or so the conventional narrative ran. He received constant advice that he had to hit someone, somewhere. Americans were confused about the direction of his foreign policy. Americans had been taken hostage, the Soviets had moved into Afghanistan, the Sandinistas had succeeded in Nicaragua and Carter moved around the White House in indecision: such is the caricature.
Yet Carter realized that the use of force in each of these instances would be counterproductive. On Iran especially, he confessed to an interviewer that bombing Tehran might make the country feel good, perhaps if timed well, he might have even been re-elected. But in terms of local and specific objectives, he would not have advanced the agenda much. Despite his early rhetoric, his was a more cautious and realistic presidency. After a decade and more of the atrocious use of force, he recognized the limits of U.S. military power and the power of the country's appeal. That it did not work is in part due to the domestic discourse that straitjacket presidents in so many ways, limiting their choices, generating expectation, frequently of a pugnacious sort, and most insidiously questioning their "credibility" should they fall short.
Bruce Jentleson:
His take: Thomas Jefferson gets my second nomination, principally for his deft diplomacy in pulling off the Louisiana Purchase. These 820,000 square miles, encompassing an area that eventually would include all or part of 14 new states and provide the gateway opening the Far West, transformed our small Atlantic Coast country into a vast continental one. Despite blustery urgings from Alexander Hamilton to try to seize these areas militarily, Jefferson got it done through skilled statecraft. He played French-British-Spanish rivalries off one against the other. And when he and his emissary James Monroe saw how much Napoleon needed the money, they savvily shifted from their original plan to buy just the port of New Orleans for $10 million to dealing for all that territory for just $15 million.
None of the above:
Scott Lucas is a professor of American and Canadian Studies at the University of Birmingham, England.
His take: I don't think there is a best, at least in the post-1945 world, because each of them has been limited by the demands of American power. Franklin D. Roosevelt might have prevailed with a vision of the "international" had he not died in office, but Truman and Eisenhower were both caught up in the confrontation with the Soviet Union – the good of the Marshall Plan has to be set alongside not-so-good U.S. interventions outside Western Europe. Kennedy's inaugural address is one of the most aggressive speeches ever delivered and partly-implemented, Johnson sank in Vietnam, and Nixon complemented "détente" with a cynical U.S. policy that rampaged through much of the world from Cambodia to East Timor to Chile. Reagan? Overrated – the fortuitous economic exhaustion of the Soviet Union saved him from a less-exalted reputation built on the excesses of U.S. power, such as Iran-Contra and the aftermath of 1980s Afghanistan.
Jimmy Carter could have made a difference, but his well-intentioned attempt to shift U.S. policy to international justice and rights was sabotaged by the Soviets, Congress, and an inability to deal with cases like Iran.
But the one lost chance of "best" that sticks with me is seeing the last overseas speech of Bill Clinton, given in December 2000 in Warwick, England. He spoke in a tired but eloquent voice of the necessity to meet the challenges of climate change and global warming, epidemics and basic health care, and the vast divide in living standards. And I thought, "Great speech. What have you been doing for the last eight years?"
What do you think? Which president set the bar when it comes to U.S. foreign policy? Who would you argue in favor of? Against? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Jimmy Carter was a little "too good" at foreign policy. Took in tens of thousand Cubans, along with all their released prisoners. I guess one good thing came from it: the movie Scarface.
I am not a Rght winger, but Mr Reagan anaged to break the Soviet grip on the world. We won the war without a shot being fired.
I was very pleased when Mr Reagan and Mr Gobachev worked together, to close out the Soviet Union.
But, there are two things Mr Reagan receives credit for, that were already being worked.
The first is the Iran hostage affair that Mr Carter had worked out, so that Iran would not seem weak by Mr Carter receiving the credit. Most people know, you can not work out that large a transaction in a couple of days in office.
The second is the fall of the USSR. It took from 1945 through 1989, many proxy wars, a devasting arms race, many nations working together, and many many business manipulations to bankrupt the Soviet Union. At times, it was thought the US might go bankrupt first. But, we came out ahead. Mr Reagen was in office, and handled it superbly, but, he was the last chapter in a very long book.
ALL of the effort came from Gorbachev, not Reagan.
As with Iran, Reagan "took credit" for the breakup of the Soviet Union, but it was Gorbachev who reached out and did the legwork.
cnn is a zineOist mouthpiece.
the whole world hates israel
The fact that Israel's attack d*g has more time on U.S telly than Jimmy Carter, says it all. The Jewhadis control America
The fact that Israel's attack d*g Dershowitz has more time on U.S telly than Jimmy Carter, says it all. The Jewhadis control America
President took National Security issue very serious and successful!
I do believe that safety of our people and security of USA is always our No1 priority.
So USA as a world leader, must be there were action is: Iran, South China Sea, Syria , North-East Africa, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia...
1.President kept his pledge to the nation to end the war in Iraq in responsible way…
2. Navy Seal mission to kill OBL …
3.I agree that in 2014, the transition will be complete in Afghanistan ( my opinion: after that special operation troops should stay there, unofficial, under CIA)…
4. ALL US Embassies and Diplomats in "hot" countries, must be protected by US Marines and Special Forces… "Arab Spring" and "Arab Fall" are to me US Intelligence failure.
5. Because of cyber treat, 2 Oceans and Continent, does NOT mean that USA is safe…
6. Obama's administration has done more for the security of the state of Israel than any previous administration… Bipartisan support in Congress to Israel , already show traditional unbreakable bonds between this two countries, as a friends and Alleys.
My question: (Q) What USA Gov. will do when China, Russia, Iran… start to use there drones unilaterally, in the future ???
Reagan was the best hands down
Thanks to Reagan Pakistan has nukes now.
I am only old enough to have been aware, of what presidents have been doing, sinch Einsenhauer, so, my choices are from then till now.
For foreign policy (as much as I don't like him), I have to pick Nixon. He opened up talks with China, brought us into the world market (on a solid footing, even though we had been going that way since the end of WW II), he put our military in an "equal" stance against the USSR, kept out international image strong with the space program, and instilled fear into out adversaries around the world. There have been more charismatic administrations, but, his worked well for foreign policy.
Hands down Richard Nixon! Both Domestic and Foreign policy. He opened several countries diplomatically and outlined a policy that could have ended apartheid earlier. What overshadows his political abilities was a ridiculous level of support for staff that ruined him.
What was Bush's legal justification for invading freaking Panama??
Invading Lebanon and Grenada were not smooth for Reagan, less we forget Iran Contra and the attempt to overthrow a democratically elected Sandinista government.
"Only Nixon could go to China"
No doubt Millard Fillmore
George W. Bush:
He stopped the Libyan nuclear weapons program cold.
He took out Saddam Hussein, a sworn enemy of the United States, and ensured that he could not sponsor terror against us or pursue the development of WMDs.
He disrupted Al Queda and put them on the run.
He put together an international coalition to fight terrorism militarily and financially.
He pushed the extremist Taliban out of power in Afghanistan.
He used judgement and restraint after 9/11 which was an event that could rightly have led to World War 3.
He was unequivocal in his efforts against Iranian nuclear development and North Korea. They got the message that we were not weak.
He supported freedom movements in the Middle East without undermining key U.S. allies.
He prevented additional terror attacks in the U.S. and gave jihadists the opportunity to blow themselves up in their own region of the world.
Someday, historians will give him his due.
And he cared for his country enough to exchange his enormous popularity at the beginning of his term for hugely unpopular, but vital for our country forceful and military actions. Clinton, for example, would have sold his country + his mother for popularity.
Bush forced our enemies to fear us. This is the only thing which works in Foreign Policy. Love doesn't work there.
And he also punished two our former allies (Taliban and Iraq) for betrayal. Yes, wars over there took their toll, but now other countries and other leaders will think twice before betraying us.
where's John F Kennedy? You know, the man who prevented nuclear war
My choice was not even a president, but rather Benjamin Franklin and his work as our ambassador to France during the Revolutionary War. Regardless of anything else he did or didn't do over there, it took quite a bit of work to sway the French opinion and support. Without the French support, especially the blockade, Cornwallace and the brits might've been able to hold out longer or even reinforce themselves to fight back.
Why among 193 countries, Israel is the most beloved?
Both of these clowns sounded like they were running for president of Israel. I guess we know who pulls their strings. What a couple of bootlickers. When will a real leader step forward in this country? Where are the men who put the U.S. first instead of Israel?
The Debate was interesting... President Obama has lot of ideas and showed clear speech of how his ideals will work in the real world. But the fact of US politics is that no matter what your ideals are you can never convince a divided house.. I applaud Senator Romney's effort to win a presidential election but the Senator has to think outside the box sometimes. One is talking from a business prospective and the other is addressing the commons mans concerns. Both have good plans and policies but what do we really need is what every voter should think.
Lets analyze this – Senator Romney says he is gonna cut tax for big businesses which in turn can provide more jobs. The President says we have to levy more taxes on wealthy and give tax breaks for small businesses so they can create more jobs and grow the economy. Both have the same effect in my opinion .. its just how you analyze it.... Say the big businesses have a tax break of 10%...well next thing what they would do is to try to take more advantage of that break and get more jobs out of US to further maximize their gains ... the 10% tax cut will be invested outside to earn more bank for their buck ..simple as that... its business standpoint that the Senator says... lets analyze The Presidents plan.. need to grow small businesses .. a very nice plan.. but when economy is not so doing good what will happen... what are the measures put in place to have a cushion for small businesses? That's what Mr. President should tell out in these debates...
Energy policy - doesn't matter with both candidate...the rich oil companies will still make money ...
War on Terror – The President Wins- His Gutsy calls and his straight message
well there is a growing fear inside US... how r we gonna address the terror that's breeding inside our nation. More number of people get killed in cities like Detroit than in Afghanistan... how r we gonna address it... thats what the Next President should talk about.... Increasing the funding for law in order in such states... Providing growth opportunties for those cities... changing the culture....
Both candidates are focussing on a very high level ... rather than trying to work with state goverments to develop those states that need the ulplift which in turn will help grow the economy....
On the campaign trail a few months ago, Mitt Romney called Russia "our main geopolitical foe" and he reiterate that position again at last night's debate. Well get a load of this...one hour ago, a Russian spacecraft blasted off from Baikonur, Kazakhstan enroute to the International Space Station with a three man crew that include two Russian and one American astronauts. Geopolitical foe? Hey Mitt Romney, you're not Presidential material. Please go back to Bain Capital.
Your kidding? Carter? Its been proven again and again how much of a flop that was. His administration was brought to a crushing standstill in crisis after crisis.
I understand that you were simply trying to get one recent democrat president in this mix, but Carter is definitely not by anyones definition a good term on foreign policy.
Bush was the worst thing that ever happened to the US foreign policy, yet he is in the list. There is no place in the world where US is not hated and there is not place in the world where you will be looked down upon because you live in the US after G.W.Bush .
This is coming from a person who travels out of the use 2+ times a year to different countries.
Where is Harry Truman? Under his leadership and administration the U.S. created the post-war world of free trade, NATO, rebuilt Europe through the Marshall Plan, stopped communist aggression in Europe. He did this while being opposed by Republican isolationists such as Robert Taft. More than any other President he put in place the global structure that led to economic growth around the world and ultimately the triumph of democracy over autocracy.
Carter was (and is) a clown. Kissinger made that Middle East play, not him.
Franklin Roosevelt surrendered this country to organized crime. We feel it even today.
Nixon, although a crook, was the greatest Foreign Policy president. He pitted this country's worst two enemies, Russia and China, against each other. Ever since they do not provide real threat to us, although at that time each could have possibly destroy us. And what politician isn't a crook?
If I were an Iranian, I would be furious with the US and Britain. Most people do not understand the history of Iran. The CIA overthrew the Iranian government in 1951, solely because of OIL interests, as Iran rightly wanted to nationalize its oil fields from British control (I would have done the same)...
How would America feel if its own government was overthrown by some other country so that a foreign company could control its oil, how would Britain feel about that???
I am totally in support of Iran today, I totally understand their total hatred towards UK and US. They deserve it!
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text: We spend the month of February showering friends and family with love, so why not shower our natural surroundings with a little love and appreciation, too? They are, after all, the reason why we can continue to live on this planet! As part of our Month of Love celebration, I've gathered 14 easy ways for you to show the ocean some love: Play in/on it. It is hard to escape the respect and awe you will feel once you've immersed yourself in it. Discover what is beneath the surface. Become a certified SCUBA diver – or check out some of the amazing animals and habitats at the National Aquarium! Protect ocean habitat. Look for ways you can protect or restore vital ocean ecosystems. Join us for a coastal sand dune restoration event May 16-17 in Virginia Beach. Start at home. What you do in your home and your yard has downstream effects on our rivers, bays and oceans. Fertilize less (or not at all), discontinue use of herbicides and pesticides and don't dump chemicals into your drains. Drive less. As distant as it seems, our greenhouse gas emissions on land are directly linked to ocean acidification. If we decrease the concentration of these gases in our atmosphere, we can help the oceans maintain a healthy balance. Learn to share. We share the ocean with an amazing array of plants and animals. Slow down when boating near marine mammals and sea turtles, make sure you retrieve any lost fishing line and watch animals from a distance to ensure their safety and yours. Eat sustainable seafood. Seafood is a very healthy meal option, but make sure the fish you eat is caught or farmed responsibly. Eat locally. See #5. Locally grown food options cut down on transportation in the supply chain and are fresher alternatives. Learn about ocean planning efforts. Join us for the Ocean Frontiers II Maryland Film Premiere to hear how lessons learned in New England will help guide efforts here to chart a new path for the Mid-Atlantic's long-term health. Ditch the plastic. Plastic pollution is one of the most visible threats facing our oceans. Find ways to reduce the amount of disposable plastics you use in your daily routine. Definitely ditch the microplastics. Microplastics are the tiny plastic particles that show up in popular personal care products, like face scrubs. These plastics are washed immediately down the drain and into our nearby rivers and streams after use. Although hard to see with the naked eye, microplastics are seriously damaging the health of our oceans. Visit or support a National Marine Sanctuary. Similar to National Parks on land, these sanctuaries are areas set aside to help protect vital ocean resources. Stay inspired. Check out our live exhibit webcams if you ever need a quick dose of inspiration! Share it with your family. Form cherished memories by spending time with your family at the water's edge. It will heighten your appreciation of both! So, what do you say? Are you ready to join me in giving our blue planet some love this Valentine's Day? Tags: 14-ways-to-love-the-ocean, Conservation, conservation-actions, national-aquarium-2, national-aquarium-experts, thoughtful-thursday, valentine, valentines-day Categories: Conservation Previous Post Next Post

subset: commoncrawl


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Cutting Horse Link necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 78 diseños de 21 diseñadores freelance.
Cutting Horse Link
Cutting Horse Link is a new website from a father / daughter team. We are trying to revolutionise how Horse Websites are created online! No cute photos or flash design will be seen on our site. You can see it in more detail at http://cuttinghorselink.com
Trainers, Riders, Horse owners and all who participate in the cutting horse sport. Please look at our website to get more details http://cuttinghorselink.com
The people reading this site are more traditional, used to ugly flash designs that are cluttered. We are trying to show a more professional site, but still be approachable.
Here is what we are looking for in the final design:
1) Logo Style – Grungy, dirty, not 'gimmicky cowboy though'
2) Font Style - http://www.gatheringnetwork.org/ I really like this example and how the two words look a bit different. I would like the words 'Cutting Horse' to be more bold than the word 'link'
3) Color – Green (3F823B) and Black are our primary colours. Grey is also ok. Please look at website to get a better idea http://cuttinghorselink.com
4) Icon – We would really like to play on the 'link' phrase with a link or chain. No photos, cartoons or horse shoes. A simple line drawing would be more effective. An idea could be horse reins made into a link.
Don't come back with 2 chain links - we could have done that ourselves!
5) Included words – Cutting Horse Link
5) Exclusions - Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo
6) Logo Sizes – I need two sizes for the same Logo. They are:
428 x 93 px
1000 x 93 px
7) Types of Files – The files that we need are:
Print file format - .ai (CMYK)
Web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB)
Thank you so much for your design work
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
ASSAGO, ItalyCopyright 2020 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
ASSAGO, Italy (AP) — Nathan Chen completed six quadruples and bettered his Olympic free skate score to win the world figure skating title on Saturday.
The 18-year-old American was the only competitor in the last group not to fall.
Japan's Shoma Uno won silver despite three spectacular falls, matching his silver at the Pyeongchang Olympics.
Russian Mikhail Kolyada fell twice but still won the bronze.


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Academic Eligibility
General Eligibility
Only full-time students are eligible to represent the College in extra-curricular or co-curricular activities. Academically, students must possess a cumulative quality point index of 1.80 after the first two semesters of their freshman year and 2.00 after all succeeding years and must be making satisfactory progress towards a degree.
Satisfactory progress is defined as the successful completion of 24 semester hours during the academic year (August 15 to August 15). However, an exception to the undergraduate full-time course load is permitted during the final semester before graduation Except for reasons of academic and non-academic suspension or dismissal, students who possess a cumulative quality point index of 2.00 (1.80 after their freshman year) will be eligible to represent the College in extra-curricular or co-curricular activities until the following August 15.
Students who are ineligible academically to represent the College will regain their eligibility as soon as they attain a cumulative 2.00 quality point index.
Under ordinary circumstances, full-time transfer students become eligible to represent the College upon enrollment in Savannah State University as a full-time student. Once enrolled, transfer students must maintain the same academic standards established for all students.
Academic Eligibility
General Requirements for Good Academic Standing and Satisfactory Progress:
Academic Good Standing
Cumulative GPA 2.0 or higher
For all SSU students, the minimum cumulative GPA requirement for academic good standing is 2.0. All students must maintain a GPA of at least 2.0 each semester. All students must also achieve or maintain a GPA of at least 2.0, as well as satisfy all course requirements for the degree, in order to graduate.
Approved by SSU Executive Leadership Council in September 2013
Athletic Eligibility Requirements
The student-athlete is required to meet all College academic requirements as well as the eligibility rules of the NCAA Division I and the GLVC Conference and affiliate conferences. Specifically these requirements are as follows:
- All undergraduate students competing in intercollegiate varsity and junior varsity teams must be enrolled in at least 12 semester hours of course work at all times during the playing season and during any post-season competition. (Article 22.214.171.124.2)
- You cannot drop below 12 hours for even one day. If you are making course changes that could involve a temporary drop below 12 hours, be sure to add a new course into your schedule before dropping your old one.
- The only exceptions are for graduate students and seniors who need less than 12 hours to graduate.
- All undergraduate students must satisfactorily complete 24 semester hours of acceptable degree credit during each year of College enrollment and prior to the beginning of each new season of competition. (August 15 to August 15). This is an average of 12 hours per semester. (Article 126.96.36.199)
- The calculation of the grade-point average used to fulfill "satisfactory completion" requirements shall be based upon hours earned or accepted for degree credit in a specific baccalaureate program. (Article 188.8.131.52.1). See the current Savannah State University Catalog for requirements for specific programs and degrees.
- After the completion of the freshman year: 1.80
- After the completion of the sophomore year and subsequent seasons: 2.00
- Student-athletes shall designate a program of studies leading toward a specific degree by the beginning of the junior year or third year of enrollment. (Article 188.8.131.52) Student-athletes shall complete the Declaration of Major Form at the beginning of their fifth semester.
- Student-athletes shall have four years of eligibility and shall complete his or her seasons of participation during the first 10 semesters in which the student is enrolled in a collegiate institution in at least a minimum full-time program of studies. (Article 14.2.2)
- Student-athletes who have a point standing problem at the end of the spring semester must attend summer school at Savannah State in order to improve their point standing. Hours taken at other pre-approved educational institutions will transfer, but point standings will not transfer.
- Conference Eligibility Requirements (15.A.3.a) Effective date: Students enrolling after January 1, 1993 a. Any student-athlete who has been enrolled in a collegiate institution as a full-time student for four semesters or who has utilized two seasons of competition, and who has attended the member institution for at least one semester, must have a cumulative grade point average of 2.00 or higher to be eligible, regardless of the institution's definition of good standing. Enrollment and competition include all transfer work; the GPA includes only work at the member institution. Failure to observe any of these guidelines can jeopardize your eligibility and your scholarship.


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Judge resets sentencing hearing for John "Felix" Chinn
An Arapahoe County judge has rescheduled a sentencing hearing for a man recently charged with two counts of "possessing more than 20 items of child pornography" and later pleaded down to a misdemeanor sex offense.
John "Felix" Chinn, originally charged in 2012, had been scheduled for sentencing Wednesday in the courtroom of Arapahoe County District Judge Michelle Amico. But on Wednesday, Amico rescheduled his sentencing hearing until Sept. 22.
Chinn was originally identified as a suspect a few days after the July 21, 1991 slaying of 10-year-old Jakeob McKnight of Lakewood. McKnight's body was discovered the next day with 24 stab wounds in the Bear Valley Greenbelt under a rotting tree trunk.
Lakewood police spokesman Steve Davis said on Friday that Chinn remains a suspect in Jakeob's murder. Chinn is one of at least two suspects in the case, Davis said. Chinn has consistently denied any involvement in McKnight's death.
Read my blog that I posted Friday about Chinn's connections to the McKnight case.
Anyone with information that could help solve this case is asked to contact the Lakewood Police Department at 303-987-7200.
Denver Post staff writer Kirk Mitchell can be reached at 303-954-1206 or twitter.com/kmitchelldp. Mitchell's book "The Spin Doctor" is available now from New Horizon Press.


text: January 2018 Portfolio Update As a dividend growth investor (DGI), I am driven to keep track of both my inflows and outflows. Increases in investment income represent one measure to assess whether I am winning or losing the game of money. While I have been diligent to track my progress on a... Continue reading »


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Community Reservation (Kiwanis)
Event box
Print the page Add to a Calendar using iCal Share page on Facebook Add to Google Calendar Share page on Twitter
Community Reservation (Kiwanis)
The Library Community Room has been
Reserved at this date and time.
We offer the Community Room as a meeting place free of charge (with a small fee for serving food and/or using the room's kitchen). If you would like to request this room for your own group event, please click here for our request policy and form.
- Date:
- Thursday, May 2nd, 2019 Show more dates
- Time:
- 6:00pm - 8:00pm
- Location:
- Library Community Room
- Categories:
- Community Reservation


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Triple Shot - flat TS-1
Wiring mods made easy with four different sounds at tips of your fingers. This is the flat Trembucker sized ring in black.
The Triple Shot switching mounting ring is amazing for a variety of reasons. You get tons of tonal variety from the four different sounds it gives you (splitting to either coil, series operation, and parallel operation). You are able to easily switch between the various sounds with just the flip of your finger. No more reaching for pushpulls there are two small slider switches at the low E-string edge of the ring for easy access. And, the Triple Shot is incredibly easy to hook up. No more fumbling with pushpull or mini-toggle connections—the Triple Shots color-code labeled solder pads are a snap to solder up. Imagine having coil splits on your 335 without having to pull the harness, and struggle to get the pots back in the right place One ring for each pickup means four sounds per humbucker. The combinations are almost endless.This version is our flat Trembucker version for guitars with non-arched tops. With this version, the neck & bridge rings are the same shape, size, and height. So there is only one model.
Tone King Reviews - Seymour Duncan P-Rails
Welcome to the first instalment of Tone King Reviews! My name is Jason Fryer, guitarist for the band River CIty Junction & owner/producer of Tone King Records. Tone King Reviews is a monthly webcast from our recording studio that will feature in depth gear reviews, studio/recording techniques & tutorials for all you fellow musicians out there looking to get into the biz & make your mark.
This month we're doing a feature on Seymour Duncan P-Rails Pickups & the Triple Shot Switching System. I first became interested in these pickups because I play a wide range of music styles, but I like playing just my one guitar & wanted a little more versatility from it tone-wise, so I grabbed a set of P-Rails & the mounting rings with the switching system & dropped them into my Gibson ES-339. The installation was a breeze & the pickup rings actually make the install so much easier. I was a little concerned at first because of the very high DC resistance of the pickups in series as I was quite used to playing on vintage style pickups that seldom weigh in over 8K, but I was actually very pleasantly surprised to find that they really don't push the front end of the amp as hard as I would have thought. In fact, I find them to actually have a much wider usable dynamic range & while I had a bit of a readjustment period, I much prefer them now. They sound great live, record really well & are so versatile.
The recording signal chain for this video started with a Gibson Custom Shop ES-339, the Seymour Duncan P-Rails (with the Triple Shot switching system) running into my pedal board, then a vintage 1976 Fender Twin Reverb. Only the Marshall BluesBreaker pedal was on to give just a touch of drive, & the 2 outside tubes are yanked from the Twin to run it at 50 watts. We used a Sennheiser e-906 to mic it from just a couple inches away on axis, halfway between centre & edge. We didn't spend any time adjusting the mic, just put it up & plugged it in. The mic was feeding a Chandler EMI TG Channel at +25 dB, with the EQ engaged. EQ was flat except for 90 Hz rolloff. That fed a Chandler EMI TG1 Compressor/Limiter with very light limiting & then the signal went straight into an IZ Radar recording system. The mix was done on our MCI/Sony MXP 3036, with no other effects or processing added & was mastered in Logic Pro X using T-Racks CS Plugs. For those of you who would like to hear the original .wav file, you can do so by visiting:
All questions, comments & suggestions are welcome, & if you'd like to see/hear a review of something, just drop us a line & we'll do our best to make it happen! Thanks for watching & if you dig it, subscribe!
Peace - J.


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Sunrise Rotary Word Cloud
- About Camps & Services
- Kids Free Fishing Day
- Rent Greilick
- Discovery Pier
- Camps & Services Projects
- Impact on Region
- Properties
- Grand Traverse Region Summer Camp Directory
- Rotary Camps & Services Lists Property for Sale
On April 13, 2016, twenty-four members of the Traverse Sunrise Rotary Club generated this word cloud.
Position Announcement: Chief Executive Officer, Discovery Center Great Lakes
Chief Executive Officer, Discovery Center Great Lakes
About the Organization
Located in Traverse City, Michigan, over twenty percent of the world's freshwater is accessible from our unique site on West Grand Traverse Bay. This property is our inspiration to create a place that connects people emotionally, physically, and intellectually to freshwater and the Great Lakes by providing:
- Access to all ages, abilities and needs
- Recreation
- Education
- History & Culture
- Environmental stewardship
- Scientific exploration
With the support of Rotary Charities, Discovery Center Great Lakes (DCGL) will hire a CEO to advance the organization through the start-up phase to sustainable operation and continued growth. Currently, several fresh-water-focused partner organizations are co-located on part of the property and there is room for expanded operations to support the full mission of the organization. To learn more about the organization visit www.discoverygreatlakes.org.
The CEO will work to realize the physical and organizational vision of a place that connects and inspires people to protect the Great Lakes and natural resources which are precious, unique and vital to our community and our lives.
Candidate Profile
The CEO is an inspirational leader and a skilled facilitator with passion for bringing people and ideas together to develop and execute a vision. This is a hands-on role for someone who is willing to roll up their sleeves and put in the work necessary to create a nationally-recognized, community-developed Great Lakes education, protection, and recreation gem that has a long-term positive influence on the Great Lakes region.
The CEO serves as the chief executive of the Discovery Center and all its facilities including the campus, pier, harbor and collaborative. The position reports directly to the Board of Directors.
In addition to the physical development of the Discovery Center, the CEO also is responsible for development of the board, the organization and the cohesive working relationship with all the Discovery Center partner organizations and the ongoing operation of all programs and facilities.
Key Activities
- Strategy and Planning – Collaborate with stakeholders to clarify and implement strategy for the organization. Ability to articulate a clear and compelling vision.
- Property/facilities Development – Oversee planning and project management of physical facilities.
- Funding and Revenue – Secure funding to support activities, raise outside capital, create revenue models.
- Leadership – Cultivate a culture of collaboration, be viewed as a partner and leader in community.
- Board Engagement – Work successfully with the Board of Directors to fulfill the vision and mission.
- Collaboration – Develop relationships with partners, including government and other for and non-profits.
- Financial acumen – Ensure financial performance and viability.
- Attract, create and retain a high-performing team.
- Oversee and manage business operations of facilities.
- Serve as chief external spokesperson.
- Prior experience in a startup or growth organization.
- Experience with Property Development and/or Project Management.
- Community leadership.
- Proven ability to grow financial revenue and funding sources.
- Financial and business acumen.
- Track record of successfully executing toward a vision.
- Undergraduate degree is required. Advanced degree and/or relevant experience is preferred.
Licenses or Certifications:
- Valid state Driver's License
Physical Requirements:
- Maintain dexterity, vision and coordination, sufficient to perform essential functions.
- Must be able to lift and move up to 20 lbs.
- Requires the ability to be mobile (including, but not limited to walking, bending, squatting, crouching, twisting, kneeling, reaching, etc.).
Compensation for this role will be competitive and commensurate with experience. Discovery Center Great Lakes offers benefits that include a 401K, group health plan, life insurance, and paid time off.
To apply, please submit resume and cover letter to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Applications will be accepted until May 1, 2019. All correspondence will be considered confidential.
Position Announcement: Greilick Outdoor Recreation and Education Center (GOREC) Director
Position Announcement: Greilick Outdoor Recreation and Education Center (GOREC) Director
A strategic, passionate and entrepreneurial professional is sought to join the Rotary Camps & Services Team. Rotary represents a vibrant and growing family of organizations that provide a wide range of services in the greater Grand Traverse region. The GOREC mission is "to create passion for our natural world through outdoor experiences" and our vision is "to be a leading community resource promoting outdoor recreational and educational opportunities for young people and others of all abilities, ages and needs."
GOREC was formed in 2017, after the long-term management and use by the Boy Scouts.
We are seeking a Director who will take this 500-acre facility and create a sustainable business model by promoting the asset and creating strong ties in the community to support GOREC. This is a full-time position with benefits available; initial compensation is anticipated to be $65,000 and $75,000 annually.
Resumes, cover letters and references are due by March 25, 2019. Visit http://www.traversecityrotary.org/newsroom/ for complete job description and to apply.
Reports to: Rotary Camps & Services Executive Director
Status: Full Time with Benefits
Position Description Summary
The GOREC Director is responsible for the aggressive development, promotion and overall year-round operation of GOREC consistent with the mission, vision and values of Rotary Camps & Services, while complying with all applicable standards and state regulations. They have primary responsibility for:
- Review and evaluate the existing camping and lodging programs and make recommendations for and execute adjustment and/or development of new programming
- Oversee the following processes specific to programming and operations:
- Camper/program participant applications, processing and follow up evaluation
- Contractual services & partnership agreements
- Facility Reservations
- Customer satisfaction
- Donor and volunteer stewardship
- Licensing, accreditation and compliance with local, state and ACA standards
- Oversee/direct staff and resources associated with programming, facilities management, medical services, risk management, food service, customer service and public relations
- Oversee the recruitment and hiring process, train and supervise full time, part time, contractual, summer and seasonal staff
- Budget and fiscal management
- Marketing of facilities and staff resources to targeted consumer groups and the public
- Employ best practices, an entrepreneurial approach, creativity, common sense and effectiveness in programming, scheduling, and promoting seasonal and year-round programming and resource utilization
- Investigate and pursue diverse funding streams to support Greilick operations
- Enforce all Greilick Outdoor Center policies, procedures, rules and regulations
- Conduct on-going evaluation of full-time staff and facilitate evaluation of part-time and seasonal staff
- Create and execute an annual business plan and budget; analyze and respond to revenue and expense trends throughout the year, with a goal of trending toward financial sustainability by December 31, 2020 and full sustainability by July 2022.
- Cooperate and participate in other functions of Rotary Camps & Services such as public relations and fund raising as appropriate
- Prepare reports and attend staff, board and committee meetings as required
- Perform other functions relating to the provision of direct services as directed by the Executive Director
- Bachelor's degree in field of camping and recreation or an appropriate combination of education and experience
- At least 2 years of related experience
- Evidence of professional values and conduct in keeping with Rotary's 4-way test
- Demonstrated ability to develop and successfully complete strategic initiatives
- Demonstrated entrepreneurial spirit and abilities
- Experience in development and facilitation of broad ranging outdoor recreation and education programs for diverse ages, interests and abilities
- Working knowledge of American Camp Association Accreditation Standards
- Proven track record of staff and volunteer leadership/development
- Experience in the development of business plans
- Experience in the development and execution of effective marketing and public relations initiatives
- Experience & abilities specific to fund raising
- Excellent public relations and interpersonal skills
- Ability to travel and work nights, weekends and holidays, if needed
Working Conditions and Physical Requirements
- Office Environment: normal office environment with little exposure to excessive noise, dust, temperature and the like
- Environment: outdoor environment with exposure to all types of weather
- Interaction with and networking with individuals, groups and business in a wide variety of community settings
- Work requires ability to move around the Greilick Outdoor Center facility in order to monitor all program areas and facilities
- Work requires ability to lift up to 50 pounds
Relevant Skills and Experience
- Knowledge about and passion for the outdoors and experience with nonprofit organizations
- Manage some Board and committee related communications
- Collaborative, flexible team player
- Self-reliant, good problem solver, results oriented
- Excellent judgment and creative problem-solving skills
- Ability to make decisions in a changing environment and anticipate future needs
- Ability to generate creative ideas and implement them within the organization
- Excellent interpersonal skills and ability to effectively interact with all staff, Boards of Directors, committees, donors, the media, outside professionals, and the community-at-large
- Experience and relationships to help connect to new audiences
- Experience in facilities and food service management a plus
- Possession of a valid Michigan driver's license and ability to have a clean Central Registry Clearance and pass the Michigan criminal history background check
- Proficient in Microsoft Office suite of products
Please send resume, cover letter and three references by March 25, 2019 to mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com
Rotary Camps & Services Lists Property for Sale
Vacant Land for Sale
Rotary Camps & Services (RC&S or Rotary for short) owns more than 1,700 acres in Grand Traverse and Leelanau Counties. It serves as a landowner and property manager for Camp Greilick (formerly Boy Scouts), Camp Sakakawea (Girl Scouts), East Creek Reserve, Discovery Center ~ Great Lakes, and the new Discovery Pier (former TCLP coal dock properties).
In 2000, RC&S acquired 120 acres to the south and east of Canterbury Woods. The property extends across Garfield Avenue in East Bay Township. We acquired our Canterbury Woods property as part of a land exchange with the State. We traded some property with a creek and wetlands that the State wanted for the Canterbury property, which is high and dry. While we appreciate that members of the public have enjoyed walking, biking, or otherwise appreciating our vacant property we never intended it to be a nature preserve or a park. It was always held as an asset — an investment property.
New Challenges
In 2017, RC&S faces new challenges. The Boy Scouts have relinquished Camp Greilick, and the Discovery Center & Pier will require significant capital improvements to achieve our goal of a preeminent waterfront destination. Liquidating this asset will help us meet these challenges.
Rotary has deed restrictions and conservation easements at all our properties, except the Canterbury property. We never restricted the Canterbury property when the State of Michigan did the land swap, because we have always treated it as an investment. We are looking to cash out now to support some of our other projects in the community.
Open to Alternatives
That does not mean that we are only interested in selling to a land developer. We gave the neighboring property owners notice of our intent to list the property for sale in an effort to be good neighbors and to be transparent in the process. (See: Letter to neighboring property owners.) We also wanted to give neighboring property owners the opportunity to pull together to purchase the property, if that is feasible.
Rotary is open to any win-win outcome. Some people have approached the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy to find an alternative solution. We are certainly open to working with them and any neighbors who want to contribute to a winning solution.
You can make inquiries to our realtor, Doug Meteyer of Keller Williams (231) 947-8200 or John Noonan, RC&S Program Director at (231) 941-4010, ext 210.
Rotary Charities and Rotary Camps & Services Announce Retooling and New Staff
July 12, 2017
Marsha Smith, Executive Director
Rotary Charities of Traverse City
(231) 941-4010
Rotary Charities and Rotary Camps & Services Announce Retooling and New Staff
Traverse City, Mich. – Rotary Charities and Rotary Camps & Services announced decisions by their boards to retool staffing to address the changing landscape for their organizations. Rotary Charities will add Leah Bagdon-McCallum as their newly created Director of Community Capacity and Evan Gray as the newly created Director of Organizational Capacity. Rotary Camps & Services will add John Noonan as the Program Director and Nick Killian as the Greilick Director.
"This staffing model will allow us to respond to emerging opportunities that align with our vision for more substantial, transformational change through our grantmaking," said Rotary Charities Board Chair, Elaine Wood. "Prior to replacing two staff positions, Rotary Charities retooled its model to be more in line with the systems change we are hoping to catalyze. Leah and Evan bring unique skill sets that will help us build capacity in organizations, networks and communities. We are delighted to welcome them to our organization."
Rotary Camps & Services Chair, Sharron Zimmerman, agreed. "With the addition of the waterfront to our Discovery property and the opportunities to manage our legacy property at Greilick, our organization will be uniquely positioned to leverage these community assets to have more impact in our region. John and Nick round out the Board and volunteer team to make great things happen for our community." Rotary Camps & Service purchased the Discovery Pier property in May 2016. In December 2016, the Boy Scouts vacated a long term lease at Camp Greilick.
Leah Bagdon-McCallum, formerly with Senator Gary Peters office, has a background in community building and fund development. Leah grew up in the area and has strong ties here. Her position will focus on our work in communities.
Evan Gray moved to our region several years ago from Idaho, where he was an administrator for a year-round co-ed boarding school. His background is in consulting, experiential education, organizational development and servant leadership. Evan's position will focus on organizational and network capacity through grants and NorthSky, Rotary Charities' capacity building program.
John Noonan has served as a project manager for the Discovery Center and Pier over the past year. He will assume a full-time position and oversee all the Rotary Camps properties.
Nick Killian, formerly a Camping Director for the Boy Scouts of America, will assume the newly created position of Director for the former Camp Greilick, now Greilick Outdoor Recreation & Education Center.
Since its inception in the mid-70s, Rotary Charities has distributed more than $56 million in the form of 1,250 grants to organizations and non-profits in Grand Traverse, Leelanau, Benzie, Kalkaska and Antrim counties. The public foundation was formed following the 1976 discovery of oil and natural gas reserves on property owned by the Traverse City Rotary Club/Rotary Camps & Services. Its purpose over the years has been to distribute interest income generated from the oil and gas royalties to organizations throughout the five-county region of northwest Michigan. More information is available at www.traversecityrotary.org/charities/.
Created in 1955, Rotary Camps & Services is a separate 501(c)(1) nonprofit, which owns 1,800 acres in Grand Traverse and Leelanau Counties. Their mission is to steward strategic land and water resources, and be collaborative innovators who respond to community opportunities.
National Network Leader Coming to TC
Rotary Charities, NorthSky Nonprofit Network, and Networks Northwest are pleased to announce that a national expert will be be helping us learn how to nurture healthy networks that contribute to stronger, more resilient communities. June Holley, author of Network Weaver Handbook, will be kicking off this ongoing work in Traverse City on Monday, May 18th from 9am to 1pm at the Hagerty Conference Center at Northwestern Michigan College. This interactive session is open to anyone wishing to learn more about networks.
June is the author of Network Weaver Handbook and her work has been featured in publications including the Wall Street Journal, Entrepreneur, and InBusiness. She has worked with the United Nations, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Plexus Institute for Complexity, the Monitor Institute, and many others to understand how to create healthier networks through a better understanding of self-organization, collaboration, innovation and learning.
Additional support provided by the Traverse City Area Chamber of Commerce.
Tickets can be purchased below.Sell Tickets Online through Eventbrite
Rotary Show Coming Soon
Nori grape silver beet broccoli kombu beet greens fava bean potato quandong celery. Bunya nuts black-eyed pea prairie turnip leek lentil turnip greens parsnip. Sea lettuce lettuce water chestnut eggplant winter purslane fennel azuki bean earthnut pea sierra leone bologi leek soko chicory celtuce parsley jÃcama salsify.
Celery quandong swiss chard chicory earthnut pea potato. Salsify taro catsear garlic gram celery bitterleaf wattle seed collard greens nori. Grape wattle seed kombu beetroot horseradish carrot squash brussels sprout chard.
Pea horseradish azuki bean lettuce avocado asparagus okra. Kohlrabi radish okra azuki bean corn fava bean mustard tigernut jÃcama green bean celtuce collard greens avocado quandong fennel gumbo black-eyed pea. Grape silver beet watercress potato tigernut corn groundnut. Chickweed okra pea winter purslane coriander yarrow sweet pepper radish garlic brussels sprout groundnut summer purslane earthnut pea tomato spring onion azuki bean gourd.


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Your dog has had an ear infection for two months and it is not getting better. A bladder infection never seems to completely clear up and your cat has been on four different antibiotics. The veterinarian told you that the chronic drainage from your poodle's eyes is caused by a bacterial infection, but it does not clear up with any of the ointments you have used. Infections in places such as these are common conditions that veterinarians see in their clinic every day. And in most instances, they should not have developed into a chronic, long-term problem.
Whether you are talking about oral or injectable antibiotics, antibacterial ear or eye preparations, or the various salves and ointments, veterinarians of today have a wide range of products from which to choose. On the shelf in our clinic, we routinely have at least 9 different oral or injectable antibacterial preparations and we can prescribe many more through a pharmacy. With this vast array, you could assume that we would have eliminated every bacterial species from the face of the earth. However, that is not the case. The 'germs' are still winning, both in types and total numbers.
Resistance to antibiotics
Several problems can occur in the treatment of bacterial diseases that may cause them to turn into chronic, long-term disorders. Probably the most common reason is that the bacteria causing the problem (be it an ear, eye, bladder, or other infection) is not affected by the antibiotic being used. That is, they are not sensitive to (killed by) the medication. There are many different antibiotics available for use in human and veterinary medicine. Although there are similarities between them, most have different mechanisms of action, which determines exactly how they kill or destroy bacteria. Simply stated, if a bacterial species is not affected by the particular mechanism of the antibiotic used, it will not be killed, inhibited, or affected at all. It is then said to be resistant to the medication. There is no all-inclusive, broad-spectrum preparation that kills every kind of bacteria. Each one affects a few different types of bacteria, but none is effective against them all.
The second - and related - problem leading to chronicity or recurrence of infections is that during the course of treatment, bacteria have the ability to mutate, or change, and in doing so develop a resistance to the medication. For the first few days or weeks that an antibiotic is used, it may do an excellent job at eliminating the organisms present. The patient starts to return to normal health and we feel we are well on the way to a complete cure. However, after this initial stage, a portion of the bacteria may change and alter their structure or physiology, so that they are no longer affected by the particular mechanism of action utilized by the medication. With these newly altered properties, the disease-causing organisms increase in number and the signs of the disease return. This is what is meant by 'acquired' resistance.
Some microbiologists feel that this is not exactly the way it happens. They believe that in the millions of the same kind of bacterial organisms present during an infection, some may not be exactly alike. All of the people living in an American city are the same species, but genetically, they vary greatly from individual to individual. The same is true within the population of bacteria causing the infection in your pet. These same microbiologists believe that within this number, there are some individual bacteria that already have a natural resistance to the antibiotic being used. As the medication eliminates the rest of the bacteria, those individuals that are not affected will greatly increase in number, and the signs of the disease will return. For practical purposes, however, it makes little difference whether the disease-producing organisms previously had or later gained the ability to function in the presence of the medication. In either case, the results are the same. The patient's illness returns or never goes away.
Antibacterials only kill bacteria
Antibacterials Only Kill Bacteria - NOT viruses, fungi, or yeast.
The third most common reason for the failure of an antibacterial medication is that it is not being used against bacteria. Remember that antibiotics and other antibacterials only affect bacteria they do not affect viruses, yeasts, fungi, or allergies. When dealing with a case of pneumonia, treating it with amoxicillin will do no good, if the pneumonia is caused by the current strain of the flu virus. Putting drops of Gentocin Otic TM in an ear that is sore, red, and draining, will not even slow down a yeast which is a common cause of ear infections. And if fungus has decided to reside in your dog's toenails or bronchi, penicillin will help about as much as something used by the Wicked Witch of the West. And last but not least, when your favorite dog chews on his feet and scratches his sides because of an allergy, do not try to put out the fire with an antibiotic salve because it may just make the whole thing worse. If the primary problem being treated is anything else, do not expect a cure.
Just to keep the record straight, there is nothing wrong with using antibacterials at times when the patient is suffering from something other than a bacterial disease. As a matter of fact, it may be good medicine. Secondary bacterial infections frequently occur when animals or people are afflicted with any of the above disease-causing critters, or weakened due to stress, injury, or shock. Catching the individual in a compromised state, it is easy for bacteria to gain a hold and initiate their own set of problems. Therefore, antibiotics are used to protect the patient and allow them to concentrate on the primary disorder.
What does a 'culture and sensitivity' tell us?
A 'culture and sensitivity' is the name given to the laboratory test that determines what bacteria or yeast may be present in a sample, and what drug will kill that bacteria/yeast. To use a common example, although the same principles apply with any possible infection, let us say we are confronted with a 70-pound Labrador that loves to swim daily and now has an inflamed ear. If we really want to get all the information we would like, the only way is to do a 'culture and sensitivity.' It will tell us:
Exactly which organism is causing the problem.
What the best medication is to use.
When your physician or veterinarian prescribes a medication for an infection without performing a culture or sensitivity, he or she is just making a "best guess" as to the type of infection and proper treatment.
How is a 'culture and sensitivity' performed?
Culture samples
Samples are taken from the infected area with wire loops or cotton swabs that have been sterilized. They are then spread across the surface of a jelly-like medium called agar, which is contained in a petri dish. The latter is nothing more than a glass 3-inch dish with a cover. The agar and petri plate together are often called a 'culture plate.' The organisms grow on the surface of the agar and after 24 hours or so, each organism has multiplied so many times that the large numbers of organisms actually form a small bump or 'colony' on the agar. Each colony came from one organism. Sometimes, there is more than one kind or type of organism present. These can be separated by appearance and then re-inoculated (spread) onto another plate. After a single kind or type has been isolated, it can be tested to determine what type of organism it is.
In our example, we are talking about the discharge from an ear, but it could easily be urine, feces, or material from an infected tissue or wound. We would wipe a sterile cotton swab in the ear, collecting some of the discharge. We would then gently streak (rub) the swab across one or two different kinds of culture plates which contain the agar. The plate is then immediately covered and placed in an incubator that is heated to resemble the conditions of the body. Soon thereafter, probably the following day, the surface of the medium is examined to check for the growth of organisms. If colonies are present, there will be small bumps on the surface of the medium similar to the little plastic dots you find on some gardening gloves. Each type of colony is put through a separate battery of tests to determine exactly what kind of bacteria, yeast, or fungi is present.
Culture and sensitivity with growth
For the sensitivity portion of the test, the organisms will be spread across the plate so the whole plate is covered uniformly. Then small paper discs are dropped on its surface. Each of these discs contains a minute quantity of an antibacterial medication. Usually, several different discs are placed on the medium, therefore testing several different antibiotics. The following day, this plate is checked to see if the presence of any of the antibiotic-containing discs retarded or prevented growth of the organism. Around some of the discs, the bacteria will not be affected and will be seen growing right up against or very close to the disc. Around others, there will be an area in which no organisms have grown. In these examples, the medication has leached out of the disc into the agar medium and has prevented growth in that area. The organism, is therefore, said to be sensitive (versus resistant) to this antibacterial preparation.
How are the results used?
Armed with the results the kind of organism and the list of medications that would be appropriate to use against it the veterinarian determines the method of treatment. Not all antibiotics work equally well in all areas of the body. Some antibiotics, if taken orally, are never absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and are therefore excreted in the stool. Others are metabolized and broken down before they get to the target area. Some cannot be used topically, as they are irritating. How they are used, either by injection, orally, or topically, also affects where and how well they work. The trick is, therefore, to match where the infection is located with the best method of administration and the best medication for the bacteria present.
Once a course of treatment is initiated with a particular medication, we must still be ready to make a change, if there is no response, or if the effectiveness decreases over a period of time. Ask your veterinarian what to expect and over what time frame it should occur. Any time the treatment your veterinarian prescribed is not doing the job, or the clinical signs seem to be coming back, it is the owner's responsibility to contact their veterinarian immediately.
Article by: Race Foster, DVMCheck out the most popular related products.


text: The Scosche IPAVDOC2 SoundView II dock allows connection to a stereo system or television to play audio or video content stored on your iPod. An IR remote is included to control the system from across the room. RCA audio and video cables are included, and the dock also features a S-Video connection for higher resolution but you will have to provide your own S-Video cable. The dock also charges your iPod with the included AC adapter.


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The Office of the People's Counsel ("OPC") welcomes you to its smart grid education web site. OPC is committed to providing residents timely and straightforward information about the changes currently underway regarding how electricity service is provided. Additionally, OPC is charged with educating consumers about emerging issues in the utility industry and how they impact consumers. The smart grid is certainly one of the biggest changes in the District of Columbia's utility landscape as this change in infrastructure touches each and every consumer. This section of our website was created to introduce District of Columbia residents to the smart grid PEPCO is in the early stages of deploying.
OPC realizes the success of the smart grid is directly tied to whether consumers change their consumption behavior. So, this website is a vital tool for both the Office and consumers. The site will answer questions such as what is the smart grid, why do we need it and how will consumers benefit from it. Additionally, the website explains how the smart grid was approved in the District of Columbia and provides a number of private, local and federal contacts with additional information about the smart grid. Last, and perhaps most importantly, the site tells consumers how their voices can be heard by the DC Public Service Commission whose responsibility it is to make important decisions about the smart grid over the next few years.
PEPCO's AMI plan is designed to deliver a number of benefits to consumers wanting greater control over their energy usage.
In the short-term, consumers will benefit from:
- Detailed information about energy usage,
- Actual meter readings instead of estimated readings, Ability to program your smart thermostat to adjust its usage in response to changes in the price of electricity Ability to know your bill-to- date
In the future, PEPCO is expected to offer:
- Ability to choose a pricing plan that fits your usage,
- Ability to remotely control your heating and air conditioning system
The Office of the People's Counsel has used all available means to obtain an opt-out for consumers. In 2012, after receiving complaints from consumers about the safety of smart meters, OPC wrote a letter to Councilmember Yvette Alexander who had oversight of the Office and the PSC requesting she urge the Commission to conduct an independent study to determine the technical and economic feasibility of Pepco providing an opt-out provision and a study to determine the safety of smart meters. On August 9, 2012 Councilmember Alexander wrote a letter to the PSC and urged the Commission to conduct such a study. The Commission hired West Monroe Partners to conduct the study.
Also in an effort to prevent Pepco from disconnecting consumers who refused a smart meter installation, OPC on May 16, 2012 filed a Motion with the Commission requesting the PSC prevent Pepco from disconnecting consumers who refused the smart meter installation. On June 21, 2012, the Commission issued Order No. 16841 denying OPC's motion but urged Pepco to use restraint for those consumers who did not want a smart meter installed. (See order attached)
While the Office was urging the Commission to conduct a study on the feasibility of an opt-out, on May 15, 2013, Councilmember Kenyan McDuffie introduced legislation to give the PSC authority to decide on the issue of opt-out. Unfortunately, the legislation was not voted on and no further action has taken place on this issue at the Council since.
On September 20, 2013 West Monroe Partners filed its report with the Commission. The report found that there was no credible, scientific evidence to show that the level of RF emissions from the Pepco smart meters is a threat to human health. The report also said that Pepco could provide an opt-out provision but that there were questions that remained to be answered. On December 13, 2013 the Office of the People's Counsel filed a motion requesting the Commission further examine the findings and recommendations of the West Monroe Report to determine if an opt-out provision is feasible. On February 20, 2014 the Commission issued Order No. 17388 denying OPC's Motion stating "OPC's motion is premature in light of the fact that the District has not passed a law regarding opt-out in the District of Columbia." This order was consistent with Commission's Order 16761 in April 2012 in which it denied OPC's request for the PSC to determine whether it was reasonable for Pepco to provide an opt-out because the City Council had not given it authority to act on the issue. As such, the Commission will not action on this issue until the Council gives the PSC authority to act on the issue of opt-out.
Based on OPC's involvement with the PowerCentsDC pilot and research of other smart meter pilot programs, OPC supports the introduction of smart meters and the smart grid to the extent deployment proceeds in a manner that empowers consumers to be able to better control their energy usage; enhances energy efficiency; reduces the District's overall electricity load, thus reducing the cost of energy to all consumers; and does not unduly burden seniors and those on fixed incomes.
OPC has strongly advocated for clear, consistent consumer education at the outset of the meter installation process and throughout the duration of deployment so consumers are knowledgeable about how their electric service will differ.


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Johnson, Uwe
Johnson, Uwe ü´vā yôn´zôn [key], 1934–84, German novelist. Johnson's works explore the complex effects on the average person of the postwar division of Germany, both halves of which he sees as zones of moral poverty. His best-known novels include Mutmassungen über Jakob (1959; tr. Speculations about Jacob, 1963) and Das dritte Buch über Achim (1961; tr. The Third Book about Achim, 1966). In Jahrestage (1970–74, tr. Anniversaries, 1975) he relates his sense of the failure of liberalism in the United States in the 1960s to its failure in Germany in the 1930s.
See biography by M. Boulby (1974).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: German Literature: Biographies


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Stash of Ele Shenanigans:
Is it radio? And your skype is the one with the unicorn avatar or whatever?
I actually got the job.
Started summer last week, so I've been job hunting for the summer. Got an interview lined up for Thursday.
What up, bubbalubski?
Usually ready and willing for Zack and Zoe and friends' adventures to continue. :P And yeah, it shouldn't be too rough.
Continuing school. Bachelors is next. Anything new with you? And of course, I'm always interested in Zoe~
Got my Associates Degree, so pretty great actually.
Things going well for ya since that incident?
How you been?
silent animator
Gimme a hug.
Skull Enforcer
Junior Member
The CHICK Hawk
now usng my MoonFlower ac
Senior Member
Lets not get sassy, now.


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2020年欧洲杯赛程安排 LVMH is home to 75 distinguished Houses rooted in six different sectors. True to tradition, each of our brands builds on a specialty legacy while keeping an unwavering focus on the exquisite caliber of its products.Discover the business sectors
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2020年欧洲杯赛程安排At LVMH, we look firmly to the future without ever turning our backs on the proud and history-rich past of our Houses. This breathtaking collective heritage fuels our refusal to settle for anything less than the very best as we grow. Our design, manufacture and retail teams continuously raise the bar for excellence in our products even as they honor their roots by safeguarding time-honored traditions.
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A major player in the perfumes, make-up and skincare markets, the Perfumes & Cosmetics division groups together major historic Houses as well as young brands with strong potential.Discover the business group
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Our council-manager form of government combines the civic leadership of elected officials with the managerial experience of an appointed city manager. Beyond all else, we are a service organization, and we are here to serve our community.
Roseville is the largest city in Placer County and called home by 135,000 people. Find the resources you need here.
We are a place where businesses small and large find success. Ideally located, Roseville provides first-rate services, competitive costs, solid long-range planning and an educated, growing population.
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Report An Outage
Roseville Electric Utility is a locally-owned electric power provider committed to improving the quality of life of our community and customers with reliable electricity, competitive prices, exceptional service and a culture of safety.
In addition, we are dedicated to educating customers about energy and new technology at workshops, tours and special events hosted the Roseville Utility Exploration Center.