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Ballot Analysis Process
Process for Writing the Ballot Information Booklet
Article V, Section 1 (7.5), Colorado Constitution, and Section 1-40-124.5, Colorado Revised Statutes, require the Legislative Council Staff to prepare a ballot information booklet prior to each election in which a statewide issue will appear on the ballot. The purpose of the booklet is to provide voters with the text, title, and a fair and impartial analysis of each initiated or referred constitutional amendment, law, or question on the ballot. The analysis must include a summary of the measure, the major arguments both for and against the measure, and a brief fiscal assessment of the measure. The analysis may also include any other information that will help voters understand the purpose and effect of a measure. Any person may file written comments for Legislative Council Staff consideration during the preparation of an analysis.
Process of Writing the Ballot Information Booklet
The preparation of the ballot information booklet involves writing and distributing for public comment several drafts of each analysis. The process culminates in a public hearing on each analysis before a legislative committee, the Legislative Council, in late August or early September. This memorandum describes the steps for soliciting public comment, the process for writing and distributing each analysis, and the issues the staff considers when writing an analysis and evaluating public comments. Please note that electronic communication is the primary method of transmitting information throughout the process. All information for each measure—drafts of analyses, the staff writing team, deadlines, and the text of the measure—is posted on the web at: http://coloradobluebook.com.
Soliciting Public Comment
A mailing list is established for each measure for which an analysis is drafted. The staff begins compiling the mailing list by including the proponents, opponents, and individuals or organizations who might be affected by the measure or who are knowledgeable about the subject matter. Individuals may also ask to be included on the mailing list, either by calling the office at 303-866-3521, contacting a member of the staff team that is assigned to a particular analysis, or e-mailing the office at firstname.lastname@example.com. Everyone on the mailing list for a particular ballot measure receives a copy of subsequent drafts of the analysis and has the opportunity to comment on these drafts throughout the process. Once a draft is complete, it is mailed, e-mailed, and placed on the Internet so that anyone interested in commenting may do so. All comments submitted to Legislative Council Staff must include the name of the person(s) submitting the comment, a phone number, and, if available, an e-mail address.
Process for Writing an Analysis
Preparation of an analysis involves a number of drafts. Up to three drafts of each analysis are prepared over the course of the summer. The number of drafts depends on the complexity of the measure and the time available. Each draft has a deadline for submitting comments. These deadlines are contained in a document that accompanies the first and subsequent drafts, and they are posted on the Internet. Anyone may file written comments for consideration by the Legislative Council Staff during the preparation of any of the drafts of the analysis.
For the first draft, a staff writing team interviews a limited number of individuals who are knowledgeable about the measure, including the proponents and organized opposition. Based on these interviews and on their own research, staff members develop a first draft of an analysis. This draft is posted on the Internet and mailed or e-mailed to anyone who has indicated an interest in reviewing the draft. Individuals generally have about ten days to comment on the first draft. Upon receipt of public feedback, the staff reviews each comment and suggestion to determine whether it can be incorporated into the next draft. The staff considers all comments and/or proposed amendments submitted on or before the established deadlines, but uses its discretion when incorporating changes to an analysis.
Generally within two weeks after receiving comments on a draft, staff sends out a second and perhaps third draft, incorporating suggestions received on the prior draft. These drafts follow the same process as the first draft. Please note that comments on each draft are reviewed independently of comments received on prior drafts. Thus, any issues that have not been resolved must be resubmitted for additional consideration. All comments on the last draft must be submitted in writing. A final draft is prepared for the Legislative Council meeting in late August or early September.
Staff follows some general criteria when writing analyses and when reviewing comments to drafts. Because voters have varying levels of familiarity with the issues on the statewide ballot, the goal in developing the voter information booklet is to present issues in a factually correct manner while also keeping the booklet concise and readable. To that end, we focus on the most important points of a measure and present these points in language a lay person can understand, limiting the use of technical terms and jargon associated with programs and maintaining balance in the arguments for and against. We also avoid using slogan-type language that triggers a favorable or negative response to a measure but does not contribute to voter understanding of the underlying issue. Other criteria used in evaluating comments from proponents and opponents include:
- Can the proposed language be verified? Is it a statement of fact or an interpretation or opinion of the results of the measure? Does the proposed language or fact directly apply to the measure? Does it have the potential to mislead the reader?
- Does the language add or detract from an argument? Is it weakening the opposition's argument? Does it repeat language already contained in the analysis?
- Does the language detract from the balance of the explanation?
- Is the suggested language best left to the campaign to be conducted by the opposing parties?
These are among the issues considered when determining whether to incorporate proposed changes, where to place suggested changes (e.g., in the background section or in an argument), and the type of language to use. It is helpful to have the context for proposed changes—the concern with existing language or the reason for proposing additional language, for example—so that the rationale for the change can be considered when evaluating the language. A member of the staff will call or meet with an individual if there is any question about what is being suggested to clarify issues and to see if there is any way to accommodate the suggestion.
Fiscal impact statements are also prepared by staff. By law, the Legislative Council Staff is also responsible for preparing a fiscal impact statement for measures on the statewide ballot, taking into consideration fiscal impact information submitted by various state and/or local agencies and any proponent or other interested person. Individuals are invited to submit fiscal information for consideration in the analysis by contacting the Legislative Council Staff at 303-866-3521 or email@example.com. When completed, the fiscal impact statement for each measure is available on the website for the ballot information booklet. A summary of each measure's fiscal assessment is included in its analysis, following the arguments for and against. At a minimum, the summary must include:
- an estimate of the effect of the measure on state and local government revenues, expenditures, taxes, and fiscal liabilities;
- an estimate of the amount of any state and local government recurring expenditures or fiscal liabilities; and
- (for any measure that modifies the state tax laws, an estimate of the impact to the average taxpayer, if feasible.
Questions or concerns about the process. Each writing team is supervised by a team leader, whose name is posted on the website for the ballot information booklet. Please contact the team leader with any questions or concerns about the process for a particular analysis. Todd Herreid supervises the writing of fiscal impact statements and can be contacted with concerns regarding that process. Anyone who believes that his or her concerns are not being addressed is welcome to call the director, Mike Mauer. All members of the staff can be reached at 303-866-3521.
Information available for public inspection. The drafts of ballot analyses that are publicly distributed and any written comments received are available for public inspection under the open public records law. All written comments received by Legislative Council Staff and open for public inspection under the public records law will include identifying information noting the individual(s) submitting any written comments. Open records requests must be made to the custodian of records in writing either by mail, fax, or hand delivery. Requests may not be made by e-mail. The request must include the applicant's name, street address, if any, and telephone number. The records will be made available for inspection in the Legislative Council Staff offices. Open records requests are not accepted from a group or website. The custodian of records for Legislative Council Staff is Mike Mauer, the staff director. Information received to write fiscal impact statements is also available for public inspection once the fiscal impact statement is completed.
State law requires the Director of Research of the Legislative Council to conduct a public meeting before the draft of the ballot information booklet is finalized. The purpose of this meeting is to provide the director and other members of the legislative staff the opportunity to ask questions that arise in response to the written comments received. Because staff members contact individuals directly throughout the process with their questions, this meeting is essentially a formality. To date, the staff has not asked any questions at this meeting, and this meeting is not an opportunity for the public to comment on the draft of the booklet.
Finalization/Public Hearing on the Ballot Information Booklet
A final draft of each analysis is submitted to the Legislative Council Committee. The final draft is the last draft that was distributed for public comment—the second or third draft, whichever is applicable—incorporating any staff clean-up changes or corrections.
Public Hearing on the Booklet
The Legislative Council Committee meets to approve the language of all ballot analyses. State law requires the 18-member Legislative Council Committee to review each ballot analysis. To that end, the Legislative Council holds a public hearing in late August or early September. Anyone who is interested in testifying on the accuracy or fairness of an analysis may do so at this public hearing. The Legislative Council may modify the draft of the booklet upon the two-thirds affirmative vote of the members of the council.
A packet of information is compiled for the hearing. The packet of information provided to members of the Legislative Council and posted on the website generally includes the following documents: (1) the final draft of each analysis, (2) a mock-up analysis for each individual who has submitted amendments of the last draft, accompanied by the actual comments submitted by the individual, (3) a list of all individuals who were given an opportunity to comment of the last draft, and (4) the text of the measure.
Distribution of the Ballot Information Booklet
The ballot information booklet is mailed to every registered voter household. After the Legislative Council hearing, the ballot information booklet is printed and mailed to active registered voter households in Colorado at least 30 days before the election.


text:
I have
ppa:cr3/ppa in my sources list. It upgrades my
checkbox-gtk, and
checkbox-qt packages to version
0.14~ppa6.12.04. And now I have problems with updating my system, and sometimes critical system errors.
I tried to use
ppa-purge to downgrade them - it didn't work. I tried to delete them from synaptic - it wants to delete
ubuntu-desktop with them.
When I try to update system I'm getting an error:
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
How can I solve this problem?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Not enough sleep: also called insomnia is the persistent difficulty to fall asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. See detailed information below for a list of 28 causes of Not enough sleep, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.
» Review Causes of Not enough sleep: Causes | Symptom Checker »
Home medical tests possibly related to Not enough sleep:
Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Not enough sleep, as listed in our database. Visit the Symptom Checker, to add and remove symptoms and research your condition.
See full list of 501 Symptom Checkers for Not enough sleep
Review further information on Not enough sleep Treatments.
Real-life user stories relating to Not enough sleep:
More Not enough sleep animations & videos
Some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for Not enough sleep may include these symptoms:
See all associated comorbid symptoms for Not enough sleep
Research the causes of these more general types of symptom:
Research the causes of related medical symptoms such as:
Research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Not enough sleep:
Read more about causes and Not enough sleep deaths.
RLS sleep disorder causing night-time leg sensations often misdiagnosed: A common but relatively unknown sleep-related disorder called...read more »
Read more about Misdiagnosis and Not enough sleep
Other ways to find a doctor, or use doctor, physician and specialist online research services:
The list below shows some of the causes of Not enough sleep mentioned in various sources:
See full list of 28 causes of Not enough sleep
This information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of Not enough sleep. Of the 28 causes of Not enough sleep that we have listed, we have the following prevalence/incidence information:
See the analysis of the prevalence of 28 causes of Not enough sleep
The following list of conditions have 'Not enough sleep' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom.
Select from the following alphabetical view of conditions which include a symptom of Not enough sleep or choose View All.
Ask or answer a question about symptoms or diseases at one of our free interactive user forums.
Medical story forums: If you have a medical story then we want to hear it.
See a list of all the medical forums
This information shows analysis of the list of causes of Not enough sleep based
on whether certain risk factors apply to the patient:
Medical Conditions associated with Not enough sleep:
Insomnia (521 causes), Sleep symptoms (1476 causes), Sleeping problems (873 causes), Nocturnal symptoms (698 causes)
Symptoms related to Not enough sleep:
Amphetamines, Anxiety (895 causes), Behaviour disorders, Bipolar disorder, Brain lesions
Doctor-patient articles related to symptoms and diagnosis:
These general medical articles may be of interest:
See full list of premium articles on symptoms and diagnosis
Medical research papers related to Not enough sleep include:
Research More Evidence-Based Medicine at TripDatabase.com
Tools & Services:
Medical Articles:
Search Specialists by State and City
By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use. Information provided on this site is for informational purposes only; it is not intended as a substitute for advice from your own medical team. The information on this site is not to be used for diagnosing or treating any health concerns you may have - please contact your physician or health care professional for all your medical needs. Please see our Terms of Use.
Copyright © 2014 Health Grades Inc. All rights reserved. Last Update: 13 August, 2015 (0:26)


text:
FabricSkin Keyboard Folio
FabricSkin Keyboard Folio
Key Features
Sensational FabricSkin keyboard
An amazingly thin, light Bluetooth® keyboard with wipe-clean keys magically vanishes into the inner fabric.
- Weighs only 425g (0.9lbs) and measures just 18.5mm (0.7in) thick
- The keyboard is comfortable for typing when you need it and almost invisible when you don't
- Full-size keys help you type as fast as on a standard keyboard
- Includes time-saving iOS® shortcut keys for copy, paste, undo and more
- Frees up screen space on iPad®
From the #1 selling keyboard brand for iPad
Our revolutionary and unique layout is based on decades of expertise and research.
- Despite its smaller size, the key size has been maximized.
- FabricSkin Keyboard Folio keeps the same keys as on standard keyboards, so little learning curve is needed.1
2-sided protection
The durable, folio-style case helps protect iPad from accidental bumps, scratches and spills.
- Covers both the front and back of iPad
- Precision engineered with state-of-the-art, water-repellant materials and cutting-edge manufacturing techniques
- Perfect for everyday protection
Versatile viewing
The FabricSkin Keyboard Folio doubles as a dual-view stand that holds iPad in two ideal positions.
- Upright with the keyboard exposed, iPad is at the perfect angle for typing.
- Laying flat with the keyboard hidden, you can browse the web, listen to music or watch videos.
Charge the keyboard using the included USB cable and get up to 3 months of battery life on a full charge.2
SecureLock system
Lightweight, low-profile clips keep the corners of iPad firmly fastened to the frame.
- Easy release makes iPad easy to insert and easy to remove.
- Powerful magnets keep the FabricSkin Keyboard Folio securely closed when you're on the go.
System Requirements
Platform Compatibility:
iPad Air
Image of iPad and FabricSkin Keyboard Folio are for demonstration purpose only. Actual product may vary slightly. iPad sold separately.
Technical Specifications
- Available in Carbon Black, Mars Red Orange, Urban Grey (Black and Yellow)3
- Battery life: Up to 3 months2
- Bluetooth® range: Up to 10 m (30 feet)
- Height 255 mm (10 in)
- Width 7.3 in (185 mm) without tag, 195 mm (7.7 in) with tag
- Depth 0.7 in (18.5 mm )
- Weight 425 g (0.9 pounds)
- Keyboard: Membrane scissor type keys, FabricSkin Keyboard
3 Colors may vary by region or country.
Package Contents
- Logitech® FabricSkin Keyboard Folio i5
- Micro-USB cable for rechargingg
- Documentation
Warranty Information
2-Year Limited Hardware Warranty
Part Number
Black: PN: 920-005924
Urban Grey: PN: 920-006047
Orange: PN: 920-005980


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Click on a name below to go to the biography.
Click on a place on the map to see the mathematician(s) born there.
The marker on the left indicates Crowthorne.
Its latitude and longitude are 51°22'N 0°47'W.
Click THIS LINK for more information about Crowthorne.
Click THIS LINK to see a map.
Click THIS LINK to see an Ordnance Survey map.
Click THIS LINK to see an extract from
The Mathematical Gazetteer of the British Isles
Click THIS LINK to see another extract from
The Gazetteer
|JOC/EFR October 2018
|School of Mathematics and Statistics
University of St Andrews, Scotland


text:
Justin Doup
Justin Doup, a Business Administration senior from suburban Will Country, completed an internship in Sao Paulo, Brazil over summer 2010. Justin was appointed to operate in the areas of English based sales, international procurement and vendor operations for JLC Direções e Câmbio Ltda., an automotive parts distributor in Sao Paulo specializing in the distribution and sales of power steering components for automobiles.
Justin shared some great photos – once his lost luggage was found along with his camera! Since Sao Paulo is the largest city in South America (over 10 million residents) and the world's 7th largest metropolitan area, Justin's panoramic shots are amazing. The city is famous for its skyscrapers and architecture that Justin also enjoyed photographing. One photo is of the Brazilian Stock Exchange/Bank of Sao Paulo that Justin visited.
In His Own Words
The opportunity that this AST in Brazil gave me was unique. I consulted and communicated (in English) with international and local vendors to locate and buy components for power steering assemblies—mainly Taiwan, Germany, United States of America, and Brazil. The circumstances were extraordinary because Brazil has the first sustainable bio-fuel economy, and it's the first country in the world to operate most of its vehicles on ethanol-based sugar cane. As a result VW, Fiat, GM, Ford, and etc. produce most of these ethanol-based vehicles in Brazil. The demand for auto parts in Brazil is huge too for that reason. Moreover, Brazil is home to many manufacturing facilities and is the South American headquarters for large automobile groups.


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Product DescriptionTwo favorites have been combined to create one tasty snack! Enjoy the taste of Dill Pickle Virginia Peanuts from The Peanut Shop of Williamsburg.
Free Shipping unless Express delivery is required. Click here to read about our Shipping Policies.
By MK | Apr 8, 2015
I ordered these for my husband for Father's Day because he loves dill pickles - and now we are both addicted. Delicious!
By Glen | Feb 26, 2015
Got these in a store in St. Armands Circle store in Florida and love them. I usually go for salt and vinegar flavored stuff, but these are great. I have to say though that if they only have 80mg salt in a serving as it says on the label, pigs can certainly fly. I'd check that.
By SM | Jan 12, 2014
Completely addicted. Must get more.
So Good!
By Tim Hook | Jul 6, 2012
I tried these at the Charleston location and bought a can instantly! They are amazing!
By Anonymous | Jun 28, 2012
These things are fantastic. They are going very fast in our household! A great gift because who has dill pickle peanuts? We will definitely get them again.
What a surprise!
By Joyce C | Jun 6, 2012
Tried these nuts on a Williamsburg trip in December. We are not normally peanut eaters, but I brought a can home because they were SO GOOD! We are addicted!! Just placed an order for them because my daughter keeps asking when we are going to get more! Now we can't wait until they arrive!
By Brian Nichols | May 14, 2012
Bought these at the store in Charleston, SC. Best peanut I have ever had. You can't eat just one!
By Mary James | Oct 24, 2011
I tasted these at the Savannah Georgia store on River Street. Wow! What a wonderful explosion of flavor. If you love the flavor of dill this will delight your senses!


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More Info
Pictures available for Torquigener pleurogramma. Google Images
(Click on picture to enlarge and see data)
|NEW! Upload your photos and videos for this fish | FishBase
Photo by Banks, I.
Australia, by Banks, I. (Tople_u0.jpg)
Photo by CSIRO
by CSIRO (Tople_u0.gif)
|Note: the photos shown on this page are low resolution scans in high compression JPEG format. The copyright remains with the photographers/institutes. Click on the image to see individual license applicable to each picture.
Pictures uploaded by FishBase users
Upload more photos of this fish
For comments, corrections please contact Aque Atanacio
(Fish identification given by uploader of photo)
Copyright © Chris Dowling. All rights reserved. Image may not be used for any purpose without permission from the copyright holder.
Photo by Chris Dowling


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Unique designer bedroom set in white. Priced for queen platform bed, additional pieces available. Strict lines, modern look, and sophisticated style. High-gloss.
Model: Dream White
SKU: ah-dream
UPC: 817696021147Measurements:
This bed is Platform bed type. Platform beds have become a standard in a modern furniture production all over the world, being popular at first in Europe and Asia. However now they've become a latest 'rage' in US as well. Platform Type Beds provide excellent support for your mattress. Either solid platform or metal-framed wooden slots platform is used. You will need no box-spring or metal frame for this type of bed.For this bed you would need:
No reviews for this model at this time. Be first to write one!
Use 'Ask a Question' for general questions about this model, and we will reply to your request within 1 business day
For stock information please call/email or use check stock feature in a shopping cart since stock changes every day.
At Home USA is modern and contemporary style furnishings importer. Amazing selection of coffee tables and tv-stands, unique styles, designer, manhattan-style furniture.
Get 10% off first order coupon


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Janssen hoping to return at end of 15-day DL stint
Bothered by lower back strain, Blue Jays closer 'chomping to get going'
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. -- Closer Casey Janssen was relegated to the role of a bystander Monday afternoon as the Blue Jays made their final preparations for Opening Day.
Toronto's clubhouse was loud and buzzing with excitement in the hours before Monday afternoon's first pitch against Tampa Bay, but Janssen was noticeably downcast. It's easy to figure out why after news broke Sunday afternoon that Janssen would miss the start of the season because of a lower back strain.
Janssen is expected to miss the first two weeks, a damaging blow to the veteran right-hander after he made a quick recovery from a shoulder injury earlier in the spring, only to be let down in the end by his back.
"I wanted, obviously, to pitch," Janssen said. "It's probably not the smartest thing to do and I don't know how it would react if I were to throw on it tonight. If I got that same feeling that I had on Friday, I'd be worthless for a couple of days.
"Unfortunately, it's probably the smart move, but I hate going on the DL. I want to go out there and compete and help my team, and you can't do a whole heck of a lot when you're on the DL."
Janssen had been limited to just three official spring appearances because of a sore shoulder. There were some initial concerns about whether he would be ready to start the season, but as camp neared a close, everything looked like it was going to be fine.
The 32-year-old had said in those finals days that his arm and shoulder were feeling great, a lot better than they did just one year ago after he experienced similar issues. The only road block Janssen had to clear was pitching against the Mets in Montreal on Friday night in his final scheduled outing.
The back problems began while warming up in the bullpen for that appearance. He felt some tightness in his lower back/left abdominal area, and even though it wasn't enough to stop him from pitching, the discomfort stuck around for the next two days and prompted the club to have Janssen undergo an MRI.
The results revealed a minor strain and Janssen has been ordered to stop throwing until the tightness subsides. Janssen's goal is to be ready when his 15-day DL stint ends April 13 in Baltimore, but there is a danger of having that timeline pushed back unless he's able to resume throwing relatively quickly.
"I don't know, I'm chomping to get going," Janssen said. "I know just a little bit of rest will hopefully calm this thing down enough to where I can keep my arm in shape. As long as I don't lose that, I think it will be quick."
During Janssen's absence, the Blue Jays will hand the closing duties over to Sergio Santos, who recorded 30 saves for the White Sox in 2011. Santos was originally acquired to become Toronto's primary closer following that season, but he eventually lost the job because of prolonged injuries.
Santos is expected to receive most of the save opportunities but manager John Gibbons also didn't want to completely rule out the possibility of using others such as Steve Delabar or Brett Cecil, depending on the situation.


text:
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text:
4954 Boulder Hwy
Las Vegas,
Sonic Drive-In
377 N. Nellis Boulevard Las Vegas, NV
6795 Tropicana Ave Las Vegas, NV
Arby's is a leading global quick-service restaurant company operating and franchising over 3,400 restaurants worldwide. Arby's was the first nationally franchised, coast-to-coast sandwich chain and has been serving fresh, craveable meals since it opened its doors in 1964. The Arby's brand strives to inspire smiles through delicious experiences. We are on a never-ending quest for the perfect sandwich, starting with the Classic Roast Beef and French Dip to the deli-style Market Fresh line of sandwiches and salads.
If you've been to or used
Arby's - Closed, leave a review.
It's easy, only takes a couple of minutes and you'll help thousands make an informed decision.


text:
Art students' exhibition is out of this world
30th June 2014Back
STUDENTS showed how far their creativity could travel after setting up an exhibition for the public to enjoy.
Space and earth travel-inspired wall hangings and play mats formed a display along with a host of contemporary and vintage couture as Northallerton College students showcased their work.
The exhibition of GCSE, AS and A2 textiles will for the next three months brighten the lobby of Stonecross Civic Centre, home to Hambleton District Council.
Head of textiles Linda Breckon said: "The quality of the students' work is exceptional and I was very keen to show it to a wider audience."
Hambleton's arts development officer Kate Staines added: "It is fantastic to have the students' work here on show as it really brightens the reception area and reveals just how talented they are."
Fay Donaldson, 17, of Streetlam, created a play mat inspired by travel featuring a bus, fire engine, cars and tractors.
"It feels great seeing my work on public display," said the AS student, who also plays flute, saxophone, clarinet and piano and hopes to be a professional musician one day.
Her colleague Emily Renwick, 16, created an interactive wall hanging featuring spacecraft, stars and planets.
She said: "It is exciting being part of an exhibition and I want to continue with my studies, hopefully securing a career in something creative."


text:
One of my most vivid memories from law school (nightmares?) always happened on the first day of classes. Because of my library background, I got a job working in the law library three months before classes began for my first year of school and during the course of my years at school, I could watch each new class. Added to this, my father was an attorney and I had a passing acquaintanceship with at least the sound of legal terminology. Right after the first class in property law, there was always a mad dash to the library focused entirely on the law dictionaries. To almost every student, law was a foreign language that needed to be translated into something resembling English. I was working at the reference desk in the library and remember laughing as the entire first year class congregated around the dictionary shelves.
Genealogists have the same problem in deciphering legal documents but usually without the benefit of the law library or the library's reference section. But any library with even a modest reference section will very likely have the ultimate reference book of legal terminology; Black's Law Dictionary. What is even more convenient, this venerable reference book is mostly available in digital format. I say "mostly" because there are so many editions of this book, that it would be difficult to review all of them. The first edition was compiled in 1891. The latest edition, variously termed the 9th, 12th or even the 15th edition, was published in 2009. The book is also available in pocket editions, paperback, hardbound and iPhone app.
Garner, Bryan A., and Henry Campbell Black. Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, Minn: Thomson West, 2009.
If you haven't ever referred to Black's Law Dictionary, it is likely that you haven't reached that stage of your genealogical investigations that takes you into original deeds, wills, probate files and litigation. One of the most remarkable things about the legal profession as a whole is the absolute conservative nature of legal jargon. When I draft a will today, I use some of the same language contained in wills over 500 years old and it is not unusual for me to throw in a few Latin phrases when I write legal briefs.
Even though I mention (and recommend) Black's Law Dictionary to any researcher involved in legal documents, I do have make the qualification that the entries in the Dictionary sometimes need a dictionary to understand the definition. Now, with the Internet, I only very rarely resort to a printed paper edition of any law book, even Black's Law Dictionary, and I haven't been in a law library (except to use the restroom) in years. I do have a paper copy of one of the editions sitting by my desk however. Here is an example of the definition of the word seisen from an online source:
seisin (sees-in) n. an old feudal term for
having both possession and title of real property. The word is found in
some old deeds, meaning ownership in fee simple (full title to real
property). (See: fee simple, seized) From The Free Dictionary by Farlex.
Well, that is not really the full meaning of the term. You have to a go a lot further into the history of land ownership before you begin to understand what was meant to be seized of a piece of property. In the earliest times of English law, part of the process of conveying real property consisted of handing an actual handful of the dirt to the new owner, who was then said to be seized of the property. If you keep following the terms, you can spend a long time learning before you grasp the entire concept conveyed by one term.
What about online resources other than Black's Law Dictionary? If you use Google, you can always look up a word's definition by typing "define [word]." This search form will produce references to multiple dictionaries.
One rule about law is absolutely essential to understanding any legal document, old or new, that is, do not assume a common meaning of any of the words used. Even terms that might seem familiar to you may have a strict legal meaning in the context of a legal document. After all, there has to be some reason to pay attorneys all that money.


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Congressman Already Claims That He Needs To Overturn Supreme Court Ruling In Kirtsaeng
from the and-off-we-go deptWe fully expected efforts in Congress to look to overturn the strong and important "first sale" ruling by the Supreme Court, and it looks like they're not wasting any time. Rep. Doug Collins has already put out a statement about how awful the ruling in Kirtsaeng is and how he'll look to remedy it.
"The Supreme Court's ruling in Kirtsaeng v. Wiley raises concerning questions about the future of U.S. copyright law," Collins said. "Many industries and businesses in Georgia rely on strong copyright protections to create jobs and invest in our local economies, including the established and exclusive right to import in to the United States. When a U.S. business harnesses innovation and creativity to develop a product, they should have certainty their copyrighted work will be protected against unauthorized importation of foreign products.No, actually, it doesn't raise any serious questions. It confirms a basic principle that "you own what you've purchased." It's amazing that a Representative who claims that he wants government to get out of the way and and that "the private sector is best at generating economic growth" would suddenly pipe up in favor of centralized monopolies handed out by the federal government. Furthermore, it's ridiculous, wrong and misleading to argue that Kirtsaeng is somehow antithetical to "strong copyright protections." The first sale doctrine has existed in the US for ages and nothing in it goes against "strong copyright protections." The Supreme Court decision standing up for first sale is hardly an attack on copyright. Even the claim about "being protected against unauthorized importation of foreign products." That's not a copyright issue, but an import issue. Here, again, Collins, who pretends to be for free trade, appears to be arguing that the US should have tariffs. It's funny what copyright will do to politicians -- including highlighting their own hypocrisies.
"As a Member of the House Judiciary Committee, I look forward to discussing the need for strong copyright protections with the Register of Copyrights at a subcommittee hearing tomorrow afternoon."
Filed Under: copyright, doug collins, first sale, kirtsaeng, property rights


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Evidently, Sturrup wants a do-over:
Calgary Neo-Nazi appeals murder convictionBy Kevin Martin ,Calgary Sun More than a year after pleading guilty to the murder of Calgarian Mark Mariani, white supremacist Tyler Sturrup has had a change of heart and appealed his conviction.
Citing several reasons, including the psychological state he was in at the time, Sturrup has asked the Alberta Court of Appeal to overturn his conviction for second-degree murder.
And in his handwritten notice of appeal, Sturrup cites problems with his lawyer as the main reason he wants to take his case to trial.
Sturrup, 29, was sentenced to life in prison without parole for at least 10 years after pleading guilty March 4, 2013 to second-degree murder in the random beating death of Mariani.
But calling his conviction a "miscarriage of justice," Sturrup cited several reasons why his guilty plea should be struck.
"I was not receiving adequate guidance from my lawyer," Sturrup claimed in his appeal notice, filed Monday.
"My lawyer never came to visit me to review any aspects of my case," he wrote.
"At a time when I was psychologically beaten down from spending a prolonged period of time on a segregation unit — almost one year — I was pressured by my lawyer to take the deal," he said.
"She said 'it has nothing to do with what you did, it's who you are' that would get the Crown a conviction."
Sturrup also alleged staff at the Calgary Remand Centre lost his disclosure, depriving him access to it.
He wants the province's top court to order he stand trial before a judge sitting without a jury.
In his guilty plea, in which he signed a statement of agreed facts, Sturrup acknowledged taking part in the beating death of Mariani on Oct. 3, 2010.
Mariani, 47, was attacked by Sturrup and fellow skinhead Robert Reitmeier in an alley behind a northwest Calgary strip mall.
At Sturrup's guilty plea, Crown prosecutor Adam May told court the admitted killer confessed to police, but never explained why Mariani was attacked.
In November, a jury found Reitmeier guilty of second-degree murder for his role in the killing.
He was also sentenced to life in prison, but his parole ineligibility was set at 13 years, instead of the minimum 10.
While Sturrup's appeal has been filed well past the 30-day period for launching a review, the court can still hear the matter if it wishes to.
Reitmeier has also appealed both his conviction and sentence.
On Twitter: @SUNKevinMartin


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This is one of those "not quite Wordless Wednesday" posts. 😉
I snapped this picture with my iPhone of Ava at our "meet the teacher" night Tuesday. She starts kindergarten Wednesday morning and will be going two full days and one half day each week. The first day is a full day.
I've been filled with a mix of emotions (excitement, nervousness, sadness, happiness, pride, and even close to a panic attack this evening) about my girl starting kindergarten and I hope to write about it soon. This new school is such a big change from what Ava's used to (a Waldorf home-based preschool with eight kids at the most). Yet I have a lot of confidence in her ability to adapt, make friends and fit right in. She's proven to me on so many occasions that she is fully capable.
And so, although I might have my worries, I will be strong (at least outwardly), put on my proud mama smile and let her spread her wings. After all, that's a mama's job, right?
See more Wordless Wednesday posts at the original WW home and at 5 Minutes for Mom.
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Usually when you are following a company or a brand, it's for one of three reasons; you are a true fan of the brand and want to support it, you have some gripe with this company that you want to voice or resolve, or you want to keep an eye on it for some news and special offers. So we have selected Twitter feeds that satisfy this and much more.
Threadless is a Chicago based hip online T-shirt retailer that manages to bring a certain awesomeness to everything they do and their Twitter account is not lacking in awesomeness. Besides the fact that you will want to click on every new T-shirt design that they link to on their account, you will also get first dibs on some of their special offers and contests. The account also comes with a side of humor as well.


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So, Robin Abrahams, who writes the Miss Conduct advice column for the The Boston Globe, has been reading Shapely Prose (and occasionally commenting — you might have seen her) for a while now. Squee! We love us some advice columnists around here. (Carolyn Hax, are you out there? Call us!)
Robin e-mailed this morning to let me know about her latest blog post, in which she addresses an issue that seems to come up in every advice column, ever: fat people having the NERVE to take a seat on public transportation, even if it means THEIR FAT TOUCHES OTHER PEOPLE!
In her e-mail, Robin says:
It was really doing the column that opened my eyes to fat hatred. Seriously. There are three groups who, whenever I dare to suggest that they might be human and have feelings, I get hate mail about it: fat people, Muslims, and smokers. How dare I give aid and sympathy to the enemy (sigh …)
I don't even know where to start with that one. "Sigh…" is about right.
So, Robin has thrown the fatties-on-transit question out to her readers, with the following ground rules:
1. No hating on fat people. If you think people shouldn't sit in seats that are too small for them, say so. But do so with civility. None of this "But if we treat overweight people with dignity, they will have no motivation to lose weight, and will continue to be fat at me!" idiocy that comes up every time I mention courtesy to the overweight.
2. No hating on me because I'm not fat, or because I'm only recently starting to think about the issue of prejudice against the overweight. Nobody figures all of life out overnight.
3. No saying "Subways and buses should have bigger seats." Yes, they probably should, but they're not going to anytime soon. (And airplanes? Fuggedaboutit. That's the least of the airline industry's problems.) It's easy to behave well in a hypothetical well-engineered future. I'm interested in how people deal with the imperfect present.
1 and 3 seem incredibly wise (not to mention refreshing) to me, since those are certainly the two responses most likely to derail any real discussion of "the imperfect present." And 2 just reminds me how delightful this here community is, because my first thought was, "Huh? You actually need to put that in writing?" And then I remembered there are plenty of fat people out there who think of thin women strictly as "skinny bitches" who need to "eat a sandwich" — they just don't hang out here.
Anyway. Robin asks that people e-mail their responses to her (missconduct at globe dot com), but this subject is open for discussion here, too, and I can't wait to see what Shapelings have to say.
For what it's worth, here's my take.
Seating on public transportation is first-come, first-served. Period. Everyone pays the same ticket price, which guarantees nothing but some physical space on some train or bus that will come along that day. It doesn't guarantee you a seat, or a spot on the next train, and it sure doesn't guarantee you a comfortable ride.
People come in different shapes and sizes, and some of those people are too big to fit into one of the tiny molded butt rectangles that ostensibly constitutes a single seat. Some people, you'll note, are also too tall to keep their legs out of the way of standing passengers (or, if standing, to keep their armpits out of the faces of shorter standing passengers, ahem). Some people have groceries or packages or bookbags that take up extra space, despite all the signs exhorting people to please make such items magically disappear for the duration of the ride. Some women have big pregnant bellies. Some people have wheelchairs that take up more than a "single" seat, while the rest of us stand around using our legs like suckers. Some people fit perfectly into the butt molds in summer, but when puffer coat season comes around, take up twice as much space as usual.
All this diversity might cause problems if public transit riders were paying for a comfortable seat. But we're not. We're paying for the cheapest possible ride from point A to point B, which will sometimes involve having multiple seats to spread out on and plenty of breathing space, but at other times will involve being packed cheek by jowl with a squirming, stinking, ill-mannered mass of humanity — and quite possibly some barf or poop in a corner somewhere.
This is the situation. And for my money, about 95 percent of subway etiquette questions arise from people failing to accept that this is the situation. Y'all, seriously, how much did that transit ticket set you back? Be real.
Now, on to specific advice. As I said above, we're dealing with a first-come, first-served operation. Which means, if a fat person gets on the train or bus when there is enough seating available to accommodate his or her ass? The fat person has a right to sit. Even if this means taking up two "single" seats. The butt molds are there to discourage people from selfishly spreading out and denying other people actual available space — not to serve as some sort of "You must be this thin to deserve to sit" sign. That means if you get on a train and see a fat person taking up two seats, those seats are gone, period, just as they would be if two thin people had gotten there before you, and you have no right to bitch. This is not a matter of people taking up "more space than they deserve" and certainly not "more space than they paid for." This is a matter of human beings taking up exactly as much space as they need, because that much seating happened to be available when they got on the train. Lucky them, poor you.
If there is only one butt mold available between two other people, and you know you're too fat to fit in it? Don't fucking sit there. You're not going to be comfortable, and you're going to make two other people uncomfortable. Common sense and common courtesy demand that you stand, just like all the other poor slobs who got on when the vehicle was already full.
Note that I'm not talking about fat people with invisible disabilities, who might really need to sit. (If that's the case, then you're going to have to explain that to people and ask for a seat. And they might very well be hateful about it, which fucking sucks, but this is public transportation we're talking about, not tea with the queen.) I'm talking about people — and I've been one of them, dozens of times — who really want to sit, and thus find the siren call of that one empty seat well nigh irresistible, even knowing that for their purposes, it might as well be a full seat. In that case? Resist it. Lucky them, poor you.
It's that simple, people. If a fat person got there before you, a thin person? Your bad luck. And if two thin people got there before you, a fat person? Your bad luck. Welcome to mass transit.
But wait, I'm not done. Quite frankly, I have trouble believing that the scenario the letter-writer describes — in which fatties "insist on squeezing themselves into subway and bus seats that are too small for them" — is really all that common. At least if we're talking about squeezing themselves between two already seated people, not just into any given butt mold. Like I said, I certainly know the temptation to take an empty seat, even when you know it's not enough for you, but I've never done it, because I have a brain in my head. And I've been riding public transportation regularly for 12 years, in two different cities, and have never once had a fat person squish in next to me when it obviously wasn't gonna work. So I have to believe one of two things is going on here:
- The letter-writer is just talking about people who have the gall to take up more than one butt mold at a time when more than one is available — which, dude, GET OVER IT. They got there first, and wishing isn't gonna make their asses smaller.
- The letter-writer had or witnessed this experience once or twice (or maybe imagined it), and then fat-hate fueled his or her indignation about THIS WIDESPREAD, TERRIBLE PROBLEM.
I would not be at all surprised if it were the latter. Like the now-proverbial "fat person I totally saw with 5 kids and a grocery cart full of junk food" and the "fat person who made my airplane ride SOOOO uncomfortable," this Fatty Who Takes up too Much Subway Space has achieved mythical — in every sense of the word — status in recent years. And as always, it's almost certainly much more about stereotypes of fat people — they have no idea they're fat and other people are grossed out by it, and since they clearly have no self-regard, you can't expect them to show basic respect for other people! — than about the reality of getting around in a world that happens to include fat people.
As far as that reality goes? Suck it the hell up or take a cab. Seriously.


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Now Steeping: The Softbrew Coffee Brewer
What a fine mesh you've gotten us into! After a slow buildup of intrigue on these shores, we at last got a hold of the high-design Sowden Softbrew ($50 and up at various retailers). It's an intriguing infuser that looks more like a tea-steeping pot than the coffeemaking carafe it is. But we like surprises, and this full immersion strainer-basket brewer has potential.
Like an infuser teapot, the Softbrew (what about this is soft? It's porcelain!) gets the job done using a strainer insert fitted into the pot (available in 4-cup, 8-cup and 12-cup sizes), which is then filled with hot water and allowed to steep to preferred brew strength. We were most curious about the mesh filter itself: the superfine perforated stainless steel is finer than Sowden's Scandinavian cousin, the Cafe Solo, and much much finer than the American-built KONE filter insert.
Like a French press, or any metal-mesh filtration method, this type of screen will always let in a slight amount of silt and sediment as fine particles escape through into your coffee. (Permanent metal screens may never have the clean-cup power of a paper filter, but you'll never run out of what you need to make coffee first thing in the morning, either.) You'll want to play with grind here, steering away from the French press-ingrained ideas that bigger (coarser) is better, and attenuating to the fineness that's right for you. (The manufacturer's instructions offer an experimental, lenient range of ideas on how much coffee or at what grind you might like—and a steeping time of "a few minutes"—but you can find a number of recipes and suggestions on the web.)
What the Softbrew offers in terms of the benefits of full immersion brewing—the believed added sweetness and better aromas of the brewing process—it adds to by improving upon the French Press. Besides being arguably more handsome and easy to clean, the Softbrew can act as a true serving carafe at tableside: rather than allowing your grounds to continue extracting within the vessel, the filter chamber is fully removable, leaving only the coffee and a lovely white pitcher for you to bring to the table with your friends.
You're also encouraged to make cold brew coffee overnight in the Softbrew, though as with most cold brew recipes you might best enjoy a second pass through another filter or fine cloth. But until summer's in full swing, we're going to spend time perfecting our hot-brew method of full-flavored coffee through this charming little white pot.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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I use this shortcut to create the dual pane experience that you can get with some other finder-like applications when I want to copy some files. Why? Faster and easier!
Some adjustment will be needed for different screen sizes.
Click here to download
Scopes: All Applications
Author: jackmac
Added: April 01, 2010


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Swizz Beatz, who you may know as Alica Keys' husband, a rapper, and a Lotus design collaborator, looks to have a new British car on his hand.
But instead of sticking with Lotus, he went a bit more old fashioned and picked up a Morgan Aero Coupe.
While it is the most modern Morgan on the road, it's still decidedly old fashioned and has ash in the frame.
In a tweet, Swizz showed off a picture of the car and asked for a little help naming it. His only requirement is that he normally names the cars after artists.
He suggested Jean Michel, but we can definitely do better than that.
Sound off with some names for the no longer cross-eyed Morgan in Kinja below.
Photo Credit: Swizz Beatz Twitter


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XL Nickel Wound, D'Addario's most popular electric guitar strings, are precision wound with nickelplated steel onto a carefully drawn, hexagonally shaped, high carbon steel core. The result, strings with long lasting, distinctive bright tone and excellent intonation, is ideal for the widest variety of guitars and musical styles.
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