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Audi S5 On Road Price in DelhiChange
|On Road Price
|Ex Showroom Price
|RTO + Others
|S5 3.0 TFSIq Tiptronic (Petrol)
|Rs. 84,84,066
|Rs. 72,65,200
Rs. 9,87,655.00
Extended Warranty
Rs. 1,58,735
Other Charges
Rs. 95,600
|Rs. 2,31,211
Audi S5 Price in Delhi
Audi S5 price in Delhi starts from Rs. 72.65 lakh (Ex-showroom) and goes upto Rs. 72.65 lakh. Check on road price (Ex-showroom + RTO + Insurance) of all S5 variants in Delhi. Audi S5 Automatic is starting at Rs. 72.65 lakh (Ex-showroom) whereas Audi S5 Petrol starts from Rs. 72.65 lakh (Ex-showroom). The EMI of S5 is available at Rs. 1,38,928 per month @ 10%. Audi S5's top competitors are Audi RS5 (price starting at Rs. 1.11 crore in Delhi) and Audi A5 (price starting at Rs. To Be Announced in Delhi).
Audi Dealer Showroom in Delhi
Audi Delhi SouthB1/H1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate, Mathura Road, New Delhi, Delhi 110044Phone : 7375811321Email : email@example.com
Price of S5 Competitors
Audi RS5
Rs. 1.11 croreRS5 On Road Price Compare with S5
Audi A5
Rs. 60.61 lakhA5 On Road Price Compare with S5
Audi A6
Rs. 54.42 lakhA6 On Road Price Compare with S5
Ford Mustang
Rs. 74.62 lakhMustang On Road Price Compare with S5
Audi S5 Overview
- Specs
- Images
- User Reviews
Must Read Questions & Answers Before Buying S5
- In technical specifications, Audi Q7 40 TFSI Quattro is powered by 2967 cc engine whereas Audi S5 3.0 TFSIq Tiptronic is powered by 2995 cc engine. If you wanted a full-size luxury SUV with a 7 seater capacity and with an off-road capability as well then Audi Q7 is one of the best options that you have in the Indian market Whereas if you need a full-size luxury sedan with a big Tiptronic engine with a bigger boot and want to cruise on the Indian highway with an ease then you can buy the Audi S5. But to know more about this we suggest you take a test ride of the vehicle and then decide. Read more. Audi Q7 vs Audi S5 Comparison:- https://www.zigwheels.com/compare-cars/audi-q7-vs-audi-s5
Audi S5 Price in India
Calculate Audi S5 EMI
- Running Cost
- Maintenance Cost
Running Cost For 1 Year
Maintenance Cost
Disclaimer : The data/calculations generated herein is completely and solely based on the information/details provided herein in response to the questions specified by Girnar Software Pvt. Ltd. on its ZigWheels.com Site is only for user's convenience and information purposes in Indian Currency.Read More
Girnar Software Pvt. Ltd. does not guarantee accuracy, completeness or correct sequence of any the details provided therein and therefore no reliance should be placed by the user for any purpose whatsoever on the information contained / data generated herein or on its completeness / accuracy. The use of any information set out is entirely at the User's own risk. User should exercise due care and caution (including if necessary, obtaining of advise of tax/ legal/ accounting/ financial/ other professionals) prior to taking of any decision, acting or omitting to act, on the basis of the information contained / data generated herein. Girnar Software Pvt. Ltd. does not undertake any liability or responsibility to update any data. No claim (whether in contract, tort (including negligence) or otherwise) shall arise out of or in connection with the services against Girnar Software Pvt. Ltd. Neither Girnar Software Pvt. Ltd. nor any of its agents or licensors or group companies shall be liable to user/ any third party, for any direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential loss or damages (including, without limitation for loss of profit, business opportunity or loss of goodwill) whatsoever, whether in contract, tort, misrepresentation or otherwise arising from the use of these tools/ information contained / data generated herein.Read Less


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eaptcb9 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 85 diseños de 10 diseñadores freelance.
Take Me There Tours
This new company is a product from years of interest in other languages, culture, history and enjoying the company of people. Always looking for a way to travel - either through work or pleasure - has finally developed into an idea which will allow both!
No specific market is targeted. That is the great thing about travel.......it's open to everyone, everywhere! Anyone who has a sense of adventure, curiosity and open mindedness will love to come on a trip! No one is excluded.
Some 'rough ideas' have been discussed. It's deciding what will work better. Using images or using just the name......
1.) A travel bag (A messenger bag or something of the like -- something trendy that people will actually want to carry around, as these bags may be created for purchase down the road.)
2.) The bag may be strategically decorated with travel stickers, travel icons, a globe etc.
3.) The middle of the bag has an airplane with the name of the company written across the side of the plane.
4.) Or TMTT written across the plane.....and the full name of the company may halo the travel bag, rainbow style.
5.) Multiple luggage stacked on top or in the center of a globe with the company name surrounding the image.
6.) Using just the name: Take Me There Tours. Clean, simple and classy..... with no images.
The options, combinations and ideas are limitless! The above are general guidelines -- but of course creativity is appreciated!
COLORS: Red and Cream will highlight the website.....so would like to see those colors w/in the logo. But are still searching for other appropriate, colors to match.
Words to describe what we want our logo to express: Excitement, freedom, worry free, luxury, relaxation & enjoyment. To name a few.....
We look forward to seeing what's out there! Good Luck and Have Fun!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.

subset: commoncrawl


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|This is the place for discussion of Alaska handloading / reloading.
|Visit our Forum Sponsor: Arctic Ammo & Reloading Supplies or call (907) 357-3381. We buy, sell and trade new and used reloading equipment, tactical gear and guns. We have a large volume of primers, powder, bullets, and reloading equipment in stock, For those that are new to handloading we offer classes and as much help as needed to get you started.


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May 07, 2013 | ISBN 9781609804565
"This graphic novel challenged me to think through new ideas as well as the world we live in. Even better it did so in a way I didn't find boring or grating to read, much like some of the works referenced within it. Parecomic is a fine example of how far the comic medium has come. It's no longer ruled by only heroes in tights, it's now a tool in our greater understanding of the world and further education."
—Graphic Policy
"This is an accessible and serviceable introduction to the principles of parecon and the vision of one of its founders. Recommended for readers interested in alternative economic models and the legacy of the radical 1960s."
—Library Journal
"As a primer on the history and theory of participatory economics, this title is never short on ideas, tracing the development of Michael Albert's theories on self-management, social justice, and internationalism, and their origins in the civil disobedience and consciousness-raising movements of the late '60s and early '70s. As a student at MIT, Albert was inspired by the culture of activism to found Z magazine, ZNet, and the International Organization for a Participatory Society. Some readers may wonder why Wilson (AX: Alternative Manga) and Thompson (the webcomie Green Benches) have chosen Albert's story for treatment as a visual narrative, and that treatment definitely makes some of book's issues more palatable to a wider audience. Artist Thompson is also very adept at marrying the literal and the symbolic to allow Wilson's prose, and therefore Albert's ideas, to resonate with readers. There are moments, though, when the book stalls and readers find themselves wading through lengthy, text-heavy panel sequences featuring shots of Albert discussing a given issue. Still, Thompson and Wilson can be very inventive with their effects. Parecomic is inspired at times, and as a treatise on participatory economics, it's pretty great. As a comic, though, it's just pretty good." —Publisher's Weekly


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ST. LOUIS, Nov. 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The Board of Directors of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (NASDAQ: SIAL) has approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share. The dividend is payable on December 14, 2012 to shareholders of record on November 30, 2012.
About Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma-Aldrich is a leading Life Science and High Technology company whose biochemical and organic chemical products, kits and services are used in scientific research, including genomic and proteomic research, biotechnology, pharmaceutical development, the diagnosis of disease and as key components in pharmaceutical, diagnostics and high technology manufacturing. Sigma-Aldrich customers include more than one million scientists and technologists in life science companies, university and government institutions, hospitals and industry. The Company operates in 38 countries and has approximately 9,000 employees whose objective is to provide excellent service worldwide. Sigma-Aldrich is committed to accelerating customer success through innovation and leadership in Life Science, High Technology and Service. For more information about Sigma-Aldrich, please visit its website, at www.sigma-aldrich.com.
|SOURCE Sigma-Aldrich
Copyright©2012 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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Search Constraints
You searched for: Format Shapefile Remove constraint Format: Shapefile Subject Ocean Remove constraint Subject: Ocean Place Pacific Ocean Remove constraint Place: Pacific Ocean Place Sonoma County (Calif.) Remove constraint Place: Sonoma County (Calif.) Place Contra Costa County (Calif.) Remove constraint Place: Contra Costa County (Calif.) Place Napa County (Calif.) Remove constraint Place: Napa County (Calif.) Data type Polygon Remove constraint Data type: Polygon
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1. Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay California
2011. San Mateo County. Pacific Ocean coast from Monterey Bay to Gualala Point, including San Francisco Bay. San Mateo County (Calif.). County Of San Mateo.


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This week's Accidentally Vegan feature is….65% Cacao Organic Fair Trade Chocolate Chips by Sunspire! These vegan chocolate chips are organic, fair trade, made without any refined sugars, and are dairy-free – yay! I use these chips for all of the super yummy cookies in our vegan recipes section, and also for our famous "Dairy-Free, Wheat-Free Chocolate Pie with the 'Live' Macadamia Nut Crust." Sometimes, when I really have a chocolate craving, I just eat them straight out of the bag!
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Todd Schultz, MathWorks
In this webinar, you will learn how to use MATLAB for data analysis from data access through visualization and modeling. Using measured wind data for wind farm siting, MathWorks engineers will demonstrate the use of MATLAB and data analysis products for the entire data analysis and modeling process.
Webinar highlights include:
• Importing measured data recorded from a data logger
• Performing data quality assurance tests for erroneous and missing data
• Exploratory data analysis and visualization, including wind rose plots and velocity histograms
• Turbine performance estimation
• Automating repetitive data analysis and reporting tasks
This webinar is for scientists and engineers in industry and academia needing to accelerate their data analysis and modeling tasks.
Recorded: 10 Dec 2009


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child learns how to match pictures that are the same by clicking on
Your child develops knowledge about the environment by building a tree house.
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·
Base motives are the underlying reasons why people do what they do. Often interpreted as relational to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and unconscious or subconscious motive theories, base motives have value in understanding action. These being reasons why people do what they do. Underlying thoughts and memories, both repressed and conscious, are seen as a basis of manifested actions.
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of needs has also been seen as an attributing factor to the understanding of personal base motives. This theory helps explain what humans need and in what order they seek these needs. Some believe knowing this hierarchy can help explain any action a human may take.
The base motive definition has since evolved into understanding or deducing calculated, willful, deliberate hidden or covert personal agenda. Base motives are seen as a conscious and cognizant approach at intentionally hiding ones' ambitions. An entity, be it an individual, city-state or country can and will mislead, disinform and misguide other entities intentionally; albeit, this can be considered strategy, diplomacy and manipulation to the benefit of predetermined actors in any given theater.
Still, some consider base motives to sway between Sigmund Freud's unconscious model and Abraham Maslow's much more conscious model. Base motives are accepted scientifically as fact.
See alsoEdit
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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Hawk Nelson feels growing pains as Jason Dunn departs
Hawk Nelson frontman and founder Jason Dunn is leaving the Christian pop/punk in May to pursue his own project. I had a chance to chat with Hawk guitarist Jonathan Steingard, who has been with the band since 2004, this past week about the band and what the future holds for Canadian punk rockers. Hawk Nelson is performing with The Rock & Worship Roadshow, which hits Colorado Springs on Sunday, Feb. 19 at the World Arena. No tickets required. $10 at the door, which open at 6 p.m.
Higher Note: You guys are all from Ontario. How did you get together as a band, and how long have you been with the guys?
Jonathan Steingard: I replaced the original guitar player, who departed right after their first CD, so basically I've been with the band since the beginning.
We all grew up in southern Ontario, and we were all in different bands at the same time. My cousin was actually in a band with Jason and I was in another band. We were all in high school just having fun and goofing off.
HN: Trevor McNevan of Thousand Foot Krutch and FM Static, who is also from Ontario, helped you get started. How did that relationship start?
JS: Trevor McNevan was in group at the same time -TFK – and a few years ahead of us playing in the States. He really took the band under his wing — helping up with songwriting … He was hugely, hugely influential. We're still friends; we call on him a lot. He's genuinely a great person. He wrote a lot of the songs on our first two/three records.
"Jason's personal journey is different than ours. … Jason is moving on, and we totally support him. Honestly, we don't have the future figured out." — Jonathan Steingard, Hawk Nelson guitarist
HN: You've been together as a band since you were in high school, how has your music evolved over the years?
JS: We are all approaching our 30s. It's kinda different approaching 30. It changes the way you think about your music and making music. It's funny, now a majority of our fans are younger than us. But we've been super blessed, and we are thankful we've been a band for almost 10 years, we fully realize that's a long time.
HN: Can you elaborate on your music?
JS: Our music is more thoughtful. Our personal journeys are all different. The dynamic is different than it was when we were high school kids as to now as an adult. Justin (Benner) our drummer is going to have a baby here pretty soon.
As adults we are figuring out what it means for us as a group. What our purpose is and what we do. We don't have the same motivations as we had when we stared. We were in high school, and we just wanted to have fun. Nothing more than that. Now we want to have more than just going out and having a good time.
Don't get me wrong, we still have a great time. We're a high-energy band and we adhere to that, but we have grown in new areas and want attain different things.
Jason's personal journey is different than ours. We love him as a brother, and we aren't fighting, nothing weird like that. Jason is moving on, and we totally support him. Honestly, we don't have the future figured out We had hoped to have the future figured out a little more before it (Jason leaving the band) became public. The rest of us still have something to say, and we are still in the process of figuring it out. It's definitely a change.
HN: Was it a surprise to you that Jason said he was leaving the band?
JS: It wasn't a complete surprise, not entirely. We all have grown, and Jason is growing up in his own way. And that is something different than the rest of us. You can't be effective as a band if you all don't want the same things. We don't want to go in the same direction. And we don't want to hold Jason back at the same time. I really, really believe that God has a plan behind this, and I'm excited for the future things on the horizon. We have a lot to look forward to.
HN: What about the name? Will you keep Hawk Nelson, and where did that name come from?
JS: The name, I can't speak to that because we are still figuring it out. I wish I could give you more answers. But these things kinda have a life of their own. … The name (chuckles). Jason played a lot of video games and whenever he had to make up a character it was Hawk Nelson. The night before they were to release their first album, they found out that there was another band with the same name (Reason Being). And literally they had 12 hours to come up with a new name. They just threw Hawk Nelson at the end for the fun of it and it stuck. And here we are 10 years later. The name becomes associated with you more than you with the name. It's highly likely that we will continue with the name. I'm not certain, but it's fairly likely.
HN: What was the first show after the announcement, and how has it been on stage?
JS: The first show after the announcement was in Chicago. Internally, we all knew this was coming. It was a gradual reality. We've had a bit of increase awareness. It's goes quickly our set is only 20 minutes (on The Rock & Worship Roadshow tour). This tour is awesome. We have a lot of support. It's like being out with family.
It's a high-energy show and from the mental aspect we are really savoring our time together. The first few years we were touring and living out of a van, staying with friends and it brings you closer. We are like family, no it's exactly like family. You love each other to death and other times … (chuckles). It's definiatley like family.
HN: Who were/are the band's influences?
JS: Pop punk bands Good Charlotte, Blink 182, Green Day, Reliant K, but your influences change as you grow older. We want to create something that is our own. You grow beyond your immediate influences. Daniel listens to really mellow music … sometimes thunderstorms. Jason listens to punk music. Justin and I listen to a little bit of everything. So we are drawing from more than one genre.
HN: How do you stay sane spiritually while playing in a band, touring and such?
JS: With any Christian band it's a balancing act. You have a ministry and a business. On one hand you have a business that you are giving jobs to people, and the other hand you have a ministry. And as believers we are called to a different place in life. It's important to tell people what we believe. It is life changing, we've seen it with our own lives. But we haven't been a super ministry band. We don't give a message in the middle of our sets. That has not been our strong suit — the preachy messages. That's why we like to partner with other bands and tours that can fill in the blanks.
Especially with this tour (The Rock & Worship Roadshow). Disciple and us we bring high energy to the tour, where the other bands go deeper and talk about God.


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Worm Castings and Super Soil
Worm castings and compost teas and many other ingredients are used by growers today to build their super soil, instead of using big box store premix. Why is super soil better than other types of soil? Specially blended soils can deliver everything your plant needs, at exactly the right time. Organic growers around the world have been using super soils to achieve clean organic crops with better flavors,aromas and yields.
Today it's difficult with time and space requirements to produce your own super soils.
Commercial growers need to cut production times and not spend time on mixing and cooking their super soils.
New advances in producing quality pest free chemically free super soils is a must and most importantly, know that the requirements of the super soil is consistent every time.
Many commercial soils available still contain insect larvae and other ingredients as fillers.
PureGrowSoil provides growers with your own custom mix or a collaboration of our own super soil mixes. Soil testing and an Rx report and recommendation as to what is needed or not needed can be provided.
PureGrowSoil offers it's own products for your use if you mix your own soils. We provide Biodynamic solutions to your soil needs.
PureGrowSoil has worked with others in consulting and re-enlivening soils. Soil Reclamation can reignite your last soil run saving you money and time.
PureGrowSoil products and services........ knowledgeable, Experienced,Complete.
Email or Better Yet Call Us To Find The Answer Your Looking For 877 887 3696
Are You Using Salts In Your Grow ? Can you use Organic Nutrients Too?
Learn about compost teas to enhance your grows.
PureGrowSoils potting soils are designed and hand crafted to bring complete balance to your favorite indoor plants. Because indoor plants have different needs than outdoor plants.
GreenHouse growing is happening in every state. Does one product work for every state environment? Maybe there is!
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Welcome to the uber-glam world of Jetsetter, a sophisticated and very sexy tropical paradise of black, white, gold, and glittering emerald. Set of two nesting trays in a gift box.
Returns are accepted for full credit up to 14 days from delivery date. Shipping charges are not refundable. See our Shipping & Returns Page for more details
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|Lovely detailing on the spine.
|The Bard on the front
|Marian V. Brown
When I drove home to Pennsylvania last year, my mother gave me my Great Aunt Marian Brown's Complete Works of Shakespeare. I adore The Bard and this meant (and still means) so much to me. I couldn't find a publication date anywhere in the book. It doesn't look like any pages came out, so I don't know if I'm just over-looking it or if it's just not there.
Marian Veronica Brown was the Theatre/Drama teacher at Hazleton High School. Sadly, I don't know much about her that's fact (and when I say fact, I mean tales that have been verified). She died far too young in my opinion. I wish I had known her. She is so far just stories. Random mentions of a lady that my mom and her siblings know, and I don't. It's one of those things that when you ask to know more not much gets said. I really need to put together a list of questions for my mom and ask her face to face when I visit again in a few months.
There's a pretty good story about Marian having a love affair with a famous author, but I'll have to wait to post on that until I get home and get some details on that story! Until then I can only cherish my Shakespeare tome.


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Supplies and Information for Ponds and Water Gardens
Pondkeeping as a whole is not simply a hobby - it's a lifestyle. As Pond owners we want that perfect piece of pardise in our backyard. When taking on any endeavor, doing things right means educating yourself, and can mean the difference between success and failure. This is where we come in. We have made this website with you in mind. Not only do we have all the information you need in building the perfect system we also have the products and equipment you need to have a successful pond.
The easiest and fastest way to Build A Pond is to use one of our professional quality Pond Kits. With our Professional Kits the only thing left to decide is where to place it.
Fish Facts
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For a limited time get our EBOOK for Half Price!
What Everyone Needs to Know About Having Healthy Koi!
The Only Koi Book You Will Ever Need!
Save money and peace of mind by using these surefire and scientific methods for keeping your Koi HEALTHY and HAPPY.
Whether you are a beginner or a pond specialist this ebook contains all you need to know to have a Beautiful, Optimal ecosystem, with Healthy and Colorful pond fish!
Pay with Safe and Secure Pay Pal.
After Check out you will be taken to your download page.
For our Selection of Blue Ridge Fish Click Here
For our Blue Ridge Food Click Here
Koi Care Kennel Products
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Click Here to see our selection.
They are beautiful Koi! Very playful and a wonderful assortment of colors!
Thank you for great customer service.
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The Koi Pond Guide has been so helpful with all my pond products. Not only is the response quick, but it is great knowing that I can email anytime. My koi are very important to me, therefore, this website is also important for this novice.
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Summer is a great time to go to antique fairs and shows. The Brimfield Antique Flea Market in Massachusetts is the ultimate inspiration mall for everyone. Aimee Song interior designer from Song of Style teamed up with Monica Botkier in search of stand out treasures that marked their style and personality. Equipped with the fashionable "hunting" sneakers, Botkier crossbody and enthusiasm the two set off on the antique hunting trail.
Flea markets may be overwhelming but with eyes on the bright middle eastern patterns, rustic housewares and a splash of water the ladies, once again, were ready to continue on the path.
Aimee strikes a pose with an antique doll house. The doll house is something old, Aimee Song is something new, and the Botkier LUCY shoulder is something blue.
Monica Botkier had her eyes on the prize with the help of interior designer Aimee Song! These two mirrors resemble a pair of vintage English chandelier earrings.
See some of our Treasure Hunt finds…
You can enjoy and indulge at June's list of antique shows in the New York and Connecticut area like Monica Botkier and Aimee Song did. Let the boys have their day and ladies prepare for girl time on the antique adventure trail.
You will find anything from $2.00 scarves to tasteful home furnishings, so come prepared to expect the unexpected because you will find things you didn't anticipate in finding.
The New Bouckville "June Show" Bouckville, NY
Dates: June 1st – June 3rd
Images via: http://mayamade.blogspot.com/
Harwinton Antiques & Design Weekend Harwinton, CT
Dates: June 9th – June 10th
Admission: $10 for both Saturday and Sunday
Images via: www.hillcountryhouse.blogspot.com/2012/02/round-top-winter-antique-show
Rochester Collectible & Vintage Toy Show Henrietta, NY
Dates: June 10th
Admission: $5.00, Children 12 & Under Free
Images via: http://coolandcollected.com/report-from-the-village-gate-toy-show-by-the-under-scoop-fire-crew/
39th Annual Antiques & Vintage Collectibles Show Glastonbury, CT
Dates: June 16th
Admission: $4.00
Images via: http://cdiannezweig.blogspot.com/2010/11/visiting-griswold-street-antiques.html
Antiques & Collectibles Show Long Island, NY
Dates: June 17th
Admission: $3.00, Children Under 12 Free
The 40th Annual Round Lake Antiques Festival Round Lake, NY
Dates: June 23rd – June 24th
Admission: FREE
Images via: http://hillcountryhouse.blogspot.com/2012/02/round-top-winter-antique-show
After Monica Botkier's antique show experience with Aimee Song, we have come up with a checklist of antique shopping must carry alongs to make your treasure hunt an easy and successful one.
STELLA tote to store your treasures
Comfy sandals or sneakers will keep you moving with ease
Bottle of water to keep the shopping engine running
Camera for those aha moments
Cash; trust that you will not leave without at least one item. And you never know if vendors accept cards.


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We all know it's what is inside that counts. Your creativity. Your experience. Your drive to achieve. Suit up for success with apparel and protective clothing almost as smart as you.
We care a lot about your experience on our website. Please tell us how we can improve.
If you want an immediate response, chat with us now


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Dog food reviews
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Dry Dog Foods
2 Star Dry Dog Food
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Royal Canin Mini Indoor Adult 21
Date of last review
Thu January 3, 2008
Recommended By
Average Price
Average Rating
No recommendations
None indicated
None indicated
Feeding guideline:
A 15lb dog should be fed 1 1/4 - 1 1/2 cups
Calorie Content
This product contains 3856 kilocalories/kilogram or 384 kilocalories per cup ME (metabolizable energy) on an as fed basis (calculated).
Chicken, brewers rice, brown rice, oatmeal, brewers rice flour, chicken fat, wheat gluten, chicken meal, natural chicken flavor, dried beet pulp (sugar removed), soya oil, salmon oil, salt, dried brewers yeast, dried egg powder, sodium silico aluminate, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate, L-tyrosine, fructo-oligosaccharides, DL-methionine, L-lysine, sodium tripolyphosphate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, Vitamins [dl-alpha tocopherol acetate (source of vitamin E), L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (source of vitamin C*), biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, niacin supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), vitamin A acetate, vitamin D3 supplement, thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), vitamin B12 supplement, riboflavin supplement (vitamin B2), folic acid],Trace Minerals [zinc proteinate, zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, copper proteinate, copper sulfate, manganese proteinate, manganous oxide, sodium selenite, calcium iodate], taurine*, L-carnitine, tea (green tea extract), preserved with natural mixed tocopherols, rosemary extract and citric acid.
Guaranteed Analysis
Crude Protein Minimum 21.0%
Crude Fat Minimum 14.0%
Crude Fiber Maximum 4.1%
Moisture Maximum 10.0%
Nutritional Statement:
Canine Health Nutrition MINI Indoor Adult 21 Formula for small breed dogs from 10 months to 8 years of age who live exclusively indoors is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) Dog Food Nutrient Profiles for maintenance
Post a Reply
Registered: October 2005
Posts: 3953
Review Date:
Thu January 3, 2008
Would you recommend the product?
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| Rating:
First ingredient is a named meat product
Inadequate meat content, low quality grains, controversial filler
The first ingredient in the food is a named meat product but is inclusive of water content (about 80%). Once that is removed, as it must be to create a dehydrated product, the ingredient will weigh around 20% of its wet weight. Ingredients are listed in order of weight, and the dehydrated ingredient would probably be more accurately placed much further down the ingredient list. It is highly unlikely that this ingredient makes any significant contribution to the overall meat content of the food. The true first meat ingredient is a meat meal, 8th on the ingredient list. This is far too low to give us any confidence in the meat content of the food.
The main grains and primary ingredients in the food are rice, corn and oatmeal. Brewers rice and brewers rice flour are low quality ingredients and byproducts. Rice and oatmeal are decent quality grains, but wheat is another low quality ingredient. Wheat is believed by many to be the number one cause of food allergies in dogs, and wheat gluten is a low grade product being the dried residue from wheat after the removal of the larger part of the starch and germ, and the separation of the bran by the process employed in wet milling manufacture, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm. In plain English, that bit of the grain leftover after most of the nutritious bits have been removed.
Beet pulp is controversial filler which appears to be used in large quantities in this food. It is a by-product, being dried residue from sugar beets which has been cleaned and extracted in the process of manufacturing sugar. It is a controversial ingredient in dog food, claimed by some manufacturers to be a good source of fibre, and derided by others as an ingredient added to slow down the transition of rancid animal fats and causing stress to kidney and liver in the process. We note that beet pulp is an ingredient that commonly causes problems for dogs, including allergies and ear infections, and prefer not to see it used in dog food. There are less controversial products around if additional fibre is required.
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About me
I was born in 1992 in Tehran, Iran but I currently live in Berlin, Germany. I studied physics in university.
My work
I have been active since 2006 and my home wiki is Persian Wikipedia where I'm sysop, bureaucrat, oversight and check user but you can find me in other wikis too. As a software engineer in Wikimedia Germany, I'm also a developer of Wikidata.
I'm also chair of Code of Conduct Committee in technical spaces.
Disclaimer: I work as software engineer in WMDE but edits made by this account is being done at my volunteer capacity and does not represent my affiliation whatsoever. For my work account see User:Amir Sarabadani (WMDE)
Contact me
- E-mail: ladsgroupgmail.com (personal)
amir.sarabadaniwikimedia.de (work stuff).
- IRC: Amir1 #pywikibot, #wikidata, and #wikimedia-ai
- My talk page: w:fa:User talk:Ladsgroup
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- Amir Sarabadani, Aaron Halfaker, and Dario Taraborelli. 2017. Building Automated Vandalism Detection Tools for Wikidata. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion (WWW '17 Companion). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, 1647-1654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3041021.3053366


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The 2013 SRT Viper will make its public debut on Wednesday at the New York auto show, but Autoweek readers who have Twitter accounts don't have to wait that long.
We've arranged for an exclusive question-and-answer session with SRT director of operations Beth Paretta to take place the night before the big reveal.
Starting at 5:45 p.m. on Tuesday, April 3, Twitter users will have 35 minutes to ask Paretta anything about the new Viper. Tweet your questions to @AutoweekUSA and @BethParetta will respond.
Watch Autoweek.co/ViperWeek for exclusive Viper Week content and the latest news on the 2013 SRT Viper.


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Like many of us, I have a collection of favorite movies. These include Ghostbusters, Stripes, Serenity, and dozens more. I don't always want to watch specific movies, but when the mood hits, it's great to be able to grab one or another and relax for the the evening. Unfortunately, DVDs while fairly small and compact aren't that portable in large numbers when it comes to traveling as a consultant.
As a result, I've spent a considerable amount of time trying to find a more portable solution to traveling and having movies instantly available. The typical solution suggested, is to buy a decent home server, a few terabytes of disk, and start ripping the movies from the DVDs. Then I can have any movie that I want whenever I want (provided I can always reach my home connection). For this solution I'd need a server, a bunch of disks, RAID configuration, backup strategies, and then to decide the size for each of the movie files. This solution involves more time, cost, and risk than I'm really interested in. For instance, while I'll want a good quality picture in my living room, do I meed the same resolution for the movie when I play it on my phone (heck will it even fit on my phone). For these reasons, I've avoided the DYI media center idea.
What I wanted was a solution that worked out-of-the-box without any need to configure or think about it. That solution came to me through the movie service that we've all seen around for a while called UltraViolet. I'm sure you've seen these before, the ads for it at the beginning of movies. They talk about how it works with any device and stores the movie in the clouds. For my purposes, this was exactly what I wanted and after doing some research into it, I think you might be interested as well.
The first time I asked around about Ultraviolet, I was met with a lot of concern from people about whether the service would be around for the long-term. This was my concern as well. Who's to say that when the partners in UltraViolet disagree that the entire service won't fall to the wayside. After a bit of investigating of the service, that doesn't seem like it will be the case. It turns out, that the underlying infrastructure of the service is designed that the studios can work in partnership or as separate entities.
To explain, using the diagram in Figure 1, the UltraViolet service is a network of many partners. The main partners in the service are the studios, which include Sony, Warner Brothers, NBC Universal, Paramount, and BBC Worldwide (yes, we get Doctor Who). The studios each have their own independent Ultraviolet service which is where the digital license of the service for the movie is held. This means the original distributor of the movie is also managing your license. Since there are many studios in the network, the UltraViolet website offers a single interface to roll many studios into a single service offering; which basically makes the site your movie aggregator. You can see your entire movie library from this site.
Figure 1. UltraViolet Service Layout
The important part of all of this is to be able to download and watch your movies. This ability is provided from few partners, primarily Vudu and Flixster. Vudu is owned by Wal-Mart and provides tools to watch the movies through DVD players and video game consoles. Specifically, I have a Blu-Ray player with Vudu on it and I've been watching my movies through my X-Box. Flixster, which seemed like the most pointless app on my tablet for years, is now the app of choice for viewing movies on my phone, tablet, and laptop. It allows the movie to be downloaded for offline viewing (or archiving) and scales the video feed to fit the display device (the same movie can be 500 MB for my tablet and 2.2 GB for my laptop).
Needless to say, I am incredibly thrilled with this service. While on my last engagement, I was able to watch Ghostbusters because the whim hit me. And then watch Shaun of the Dead a couple days later when I was in the mood for that. Without this service, I probably wouldn't have had that kind of flexibility. Of course, you may have wondered about your existing movie collection, that's the gem in all of this. Studios supporting the service are offering upgrade options for many of their movies. For a few dollars movies can be added at their current resolution or upgraded to a couple other resolutions. And old movies that I don't have I can purchase on the service for typically less than an in-store purchase.
If you are looking for something to provide your movie entertainment while on the road, I definitely recommend looking at Ultraviolet. The only negative I've found in the service thus far is a few studios missing; such as Fox, Disney, Miramax, and Weinstein. Hopefully, those studios figure it out and get on board. If not, though, I'll likely end up purchasing less of their movies. I mean, what's the point in picking up DVDs anymore when I can opt to have the content at my fingertips and make any hotel room feel a little more like being at home.


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Among the Trumpets: Stories of War Horses and Others
Nason, leonard
Librería en AbeBooks desde: 1 de abril de 2014Cantidad disponible: 1
Librería en AbeBooks desde: 1 de abril de 2014Cantidad disponible: 1
Detalles bibliográficos
Título: Among the Trumpets: Stories of War Horses ...
Editorial: Houghton Mifflin Company
Año de publicación: 1932
Encuadernación: Hardcover
Condición del libro: Very Good
Condición de la sobrecubierta: No Jacket
Edición: presumed first edition
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In English, Godzilla is said as, well, "Godzilla." But in Japanese, it's said (and written) different: "Gojira" (ゴジラ).
According to actor Ken Watanabe, who appeared in the latest Hollywood version, he was asked to pronounce the word in English—or, at least, somewhat like it's said English.
"I was told by the director to pronounce it closer to English," Watanabe is quoted by Sponichi as saying. "But that was completely detestable, and I refused."
It seems like director Gareth Edwards probably initially asked Watanabe to pronounce it closer to English for clarity, but apparently, he was happy with the final result.
Watanabe's feelings are understandable. For a native Japanese speaker like him, Godzilla is Gojira. That's how the word is said. Likewise, English speakers—or speakers of any language—no doubt think words sound better in their native pronunciation.
Besides, if the movie is attempting to be closer to the Japanese Godzilla than Hollywood's previous attempt, and if the movie's posters are going to feature Godzilla written as "Gojira" (ゴジラ), then it certainly makes sense to have the movie's Japanese star pronounce the word in Japanese.
渡辺謙 こだわりの発音!「GODZILLA」ではなく「ゴジラ」[Sponichi via 2ch]
To contact the author of this post, write to bashcraftATkotaku.com or find him on Twitter @Brian_Ashcraft.
Kotaku East is your slice of Asian internet culture, bringing you the latest talking points from Japan, Korea, China and beyond. Tune in every morning from 4am to 8am.


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- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Other Forms of Peripheral Neuropathy
- Fibromyalgia
- Low Back Pain and Other Forms of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
- Post-polio Syndrome
- Wound Healing After Plastic Surgery
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Migraines
- Nonhealing Bone Fractures
- Osteoarthritis
- Postoperative Pain
- Stress Incontinence and Bed-wetting
- Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome
- Depression
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women (Caused by Various Conditions, such as Endometriosis and Chronic Cystitis )
- Edema
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Menstrual Pain
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Scar Tissue
- Sports and Fitness Support: Enhancing Performance
- Sports and Fitness Support: Enhancing Recovery
- Surgery Support
- Tinnitus
- Epilepsy
- Myofascial Pain Syndrome
- Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
- Parkinson's Disease
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Schizophrenia
Long popular in Japan, magnet therapy has entered public awareness in the United States, stimulated by golfers and tennis players extolling the virtues of magnets in the treatment of sports-related injuries. Magnetic knee, shoulder, and ankle pads, as well as insoles and mattress pads, are widely available and are touted as providing myriads of healing benefits.
Despite this enthusiasm, as yet there is little scientific evidence to support the use of magnets for any medical condition. However, some small studies completed in the last few years suggest that various forms of magnet therapy might have a therapeutic effect in certain conditions. More studies are underway.
History of Magnet Therapy
Magnet therapy has a long history in traditional folk medicine. Reliable documentation tells us that Chinese doctors believed in the therapeutic value of magnets at least 2,000 years ago, and probably earlier than that. In sixteenth century Europe, Paracelsus used magnets to treat a variety of ailments. Two centuries later, Mesmer became famous for treating various disorders with magnets.
In the middle decades of the twentieth century, scientists in various parts of the world began performing studies on the therapeutic use of magnets. From the 1940s on, magnets became increasingly popular in Japan. Yoshio Manaka, one of the influential Japanese acupuncturists of the twentieth century, used magnets in conjunction with acupuncture . Magnet therapy also became a commonly used technique of self-administered medicine in Japan. For example, a type of plaster containing a small magnet became popular for treating aches and pains, especially among the elderly. Magnetic mattress pads, bracelets, and necklaces also became popular—again, mainly among the elderly. During the 1970s, both magnets and electromagnetic machines became popular among athletes in many countries for treating sports-related injuries.
These developments led to a rapidly growing industry creating magnetic products for a variety of conditions. However, the development of this industry preceded any reliable scientific evidence that static magnets actually work for the purposes intended. In the United States, it was only in 1997 that properly designed clinical trials of magnets began to be reported. Subsequently, results of several preliminary studies (detailed in the Scientific Evidence section) suggested that both static magnets and electromagnetic therapy may indeed offer therapeutic benefits for several disorders. These findings have escalated research interest in magnet therapy.
Types of Magnet Therapy and Their Uses
The term magnet therapy usually refers to the use of static magnets placed directly on the body, generally over regions of pain. Static magnets are either attached to the body by tape or encapsulated in specially designed products such as belts, wraps, or mattress pads. Static magnets are also sometimes known as permanent magnets.
Static magnets come in various strengths. The units of measuring magnet strength are gauss and tesla. One tesla equals 10,000 gauss. A refrigerator magnet, for example, is around 200 gauss. Therapeutic magnets measure anywhere from 200 to 10,000 gauss, but the most commonly used measure 400 to 800 gauss.
Therapeutic magnets come in two different types of polarity arrangements: unipolar magnets and alternating-pole devices. Magnets that have north on one side and south on the other are known, rather confusingly, as unipolar magnets. Bipolar or alternating-pole magnets are made from a sheet of magnetic material with north and south magnets arranged in an alternating pattern, so that both north and south face the skin. This type of magnet exerts a weaker magnetic field because the alternating magnets tend to oppose each other. Each type of magnet has its own recommended uses and enthusiasts. (There are many heated opinions—with no supporting evidence—on this matter.)
More complex magnetic devices have also been studied—not for home use, but for use in physicians' offices and hospitals.
A special form of electromagnetic therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is undergoing particularly close study. rTMS is designed specifically to expose the brain to low-frequency magnetic pulses. A significant number of small studies suggest that rTMS might be beneficial for depression . 97,99
rTMS is also being studied for the treatment of amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease , epilepsy , schizophrenia , obsessive-compulsive disorder , chronic regional pain syndrome, and tinnitus .
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is similar to, but not identical with, magnet therapy. With tDCS, electrodes deliver a constant, low current. This treatment has been studied in patients recovering from stroke and other conditions, such as depression. 96
How Does Magnet Therapy Work?
Many commercial magnets have such a weak field that it is hard to believe they could affect the body at all. Some, however, are quite powerful and could conceivably cause effects at some depth. Nonetheless, biophysicists are skeptical that static magnets could significantly affect the body. (The moving magnetic fields of rTMS and pulsed electromagnetic therapy [PEMF] act differently, and there is little doubt that they can affect nerve tissue and possibly other parts of the body as well.)
A commonly held misconception is that magnets attract the iron in blood cells, thus moving the blood and stimulating circulation. However, the iron in the blood is not in a magnetic form. Static magnets could affect charged particles in the blood, nerves, and cell membranes or subtly alter biochemical reactions, although whether the effect is strong enough to make a difference remains to be shown. 1 Some research results suggest that static magnets affect local blood circulation, 43 but a rigorously designed double-blind trial found that commercially available static magnets have no effect on blood flow. 44 Another well-designed trial also failed to find effects on blood circulation. 51 However, there is some weak evidence that static magnets may affect muscle metabolism. 10 Further research will be necessary to sort out these possibilities.
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Magnet Therapy?
Static Magnets
In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, static magnets have shown promise for a number of conditions, but in no case is the evidence strong enough to be relied upon. In a 2007 review of all studies of static magnets as a treatment for pain, researchers concluded that as yet there is no meaningful evidence that they are effective; 76 they further concluded that current evidence suggests that, for some pain-related conditions, static magnets are, in fact, not effective (a much stronger statement than the first).
Note : Some magnet proponents claim that it is impossible to carry out a truly double-blinded study on magnets, because participants can simply use a metal pin or a similar object to discover whether they have a real magnet applied to or not. Some researchers have gotten around this by using a weak magnet as the placebo treatment. Other researchers have designed more complicated placebo devices that patients have been found unable to identify as fake treatments. 52
A double-blind, controlled trial of 64 people with rheumatoid arthritis of the knee compared the effects of strong alternating polarity magnets (see Types of Magnet Therapy and Their Uses for definition) with the effects of a deliberately weak unipolar magnet. 35 Researchers used the weakened magnet as a control group so that participants wouldn't find it easy to break the blind by testing the magnetism of their treatment.
After 1 week of therapy, 68% of the participants using the strong magnets (called the treatment group) reported relief, compared to 27% in the control group. This difference was statistically significant . Two out of four other subjective measurements of disease severity also showed statistically significant improvements. However, no significant improvements were seen in objective evaluations of the condition, such as blood tests for inflammation severity or physician's assessment of joint tenderness, swelling, or range of motion. This study suggests that magnet therapy may reduce the pain of rheumatoid arthritis without altering actual inflammation. However, the mixture of statistically significant and insignificant results indicates that a larger trial is necessary to factor out "statistical noise."
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 people with post-polio syndrome found evidence that magnets are effective for relieving pain. 2 The magnets or placebo magnets were placed on previously determined trigger points (one per person) for 45 minutes. (Trigger points are sore areas within muscle that, when pressed, cause relief in other areas of the muscle and conversely, when inflamed, cause pain in other parts of the muscle.) In the treatment group, 76% of the participants reported improvement, compared to 19% in the placebo group.
A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 119 people with fibromyalgia compared two commercially available magnetic mattress pads against sham treatment and no treatment. 36 Group 1 used a mattress pad designed to create a uniform magnetic field of negative polarity. Group 2 used a mattress pad that varied in polarity. In both groups, manufacturer's instructions were followed. Groups 3 and 4 used sham treatments designed to match in appearance the magnets used in Groups 1 and 2. Group 5 received no treatment.
On average, participants in all groups showed improvement over the 6 months of the study. Participants in the treatment groups, especially Group 1, showed a trend toward greater improvement; however, the differences between real treatment and sham or no treatment failed to reach statistical significance in most measures. This outcome suggests that magnetic mattress pads might be helpful for fibromyalgia, but a larger study would be necessary to identify benefits.
A previous double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 30 women with fibromyalgia did find significant improvement with magnets compared to placebo. 3 The women slept on magnetic mattress pads (or sham pads for the control group) every night for 4 months. Of the 25 women who completed the trial, participants sleeping on the experimental mattress pads experienced a significant decrease in pain and fatigue compared to the placebo group, along with significant improvement in sleep and physical functioning.
A single-blind study of somewhat convoluted design provides weak evidence that a gown made from a special "electromagnetic shielding fabric" can reduce fibromyalgia symptoms. 72 The rationale for using this fabric is, however, somewhat scientifically implausible.
A 4-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 19 people with peripheral neuropathy found a significant reduction in symptoms compared to placebo. 4 Participants wore magnetic foot insoles during the day throughout the trial period. Reduction in the symptoms of burning, numbness, and tingling were especially marked in those cases of neuropathy associated with diabetes.
Based on these results, a far larger randomized, placebo-controlled, follow-up study was performed by the same researchers. 53 This trial enrolled 375 people with peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes and tested the effectiveness of 4 months of treatment with magnetic insoles. The results indicated that the insoles produced benefits beyond that of the placebo effect, reducing such symptoms as burning pain, numbness, tingling, and exercise-induced pain.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study looked at the effect of magnets on healing after plastic surgery . 5 The study examined the use of magnets on 20 patients who had suction lipectomy (commonly known as liposuction). Magnets contained in patches were placed over the operative region immediately after surgery and left in place for 14 days. The treatment group experienced statistically significant reduction of pain and swelling on postoperative days 1-4 and in discoloration on days 1-3 compared to the control group. Another study of 165 people, however, failed to find that use of static magnets over the surgical incision reduced post surgical pain. 73
Furthermore, the positioning of static magnets at the acupuncture /acupressure point P6 in patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat (ENT) or gynaecological surgeries reduced nausea and vomiting no better than placebo in a randomized trial. 91
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 54 people with knee or back pain compared a complex static magnet array against a sham magnet array. 37 Participants used either the real or sham device for 24 hours; then, after a 7-day rest period, they used the opposite therapy for another 24 hours. Evaluations showed that use of the real magnet was associated with greater improvements than the sham treatment.
Benefits were also seen in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 43 people with chronic knee pain who used fairly high-power but otherwise ordinary static magnets continuously for 2 weeks. 9 And, in another placebo-controlled trial, the use of a magnetic knee wrap for 12 weeks was associated with a significant increase in quadriceps (thigh muscle) strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis. 93
In yet another trial, 62 people were randomized to wear a magnetic therapy device on the neck and shoulder area or a sham device. Those in the treatment group experienced an improvement in pain and stiffness over those in the sham group. 104 On the other hand, a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 20 people who had chronic low back pain for at least 6 months' duration failed to find any evidence of benefit. (The alternating pole magnet used in this study produced a very weak magnetic field, however.) 6 Another study found hints of benefit that failed to reach statistical significance. 75
In a double-blind study of 101 people with chronic neck and shoulder pain, use of a magnetic necklace failed to prove more effective than placebo treatment. 45
Another study failed to find magnetic insoles helpful for heel pain. 54
A widely publicized 12-week study of 194 people reportedly found that use of magnetic bracelets reduced osteoarthritis pain in the hip and knee. 55 However, the study actually found statistically similar benefits among participants given a placebo treatment. The researchers suggest that this failure to show superior effects may have been due, in part, to an unfortunate error: the study utilized weak magnets as the placebo treatments, but 34 patients in the placebo group accidentally received strong magnets instead. This would tend to decrease the difference in outcome seen between the treatment and the placebo group and could therefore hide a real treatment benefit. Nonetheless, as matters currently stand, this study does not provide evidence that magnetic bracelets offer any benefit for osteoarthritis beyond that of the placebo effect.
A much smaller study also failed to find statistically significant benefit, but it was too small to be able to produce statistically meaningful results. 52 Rather, it was designed to evaluate a special placebo magnet device. After the study, researchers polled the participants to see if they could correctly identify whether they'd been given the real treatment or the placebo: they could not.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 14 women with chronic pelvic pain (due to endometriosis or other causes) found no significant benefit when magnets were applied to abdominal trigger points for 2 weeks. 7 However, statistical analysis showed that it would have been necessary to enroll a larger number of participants to detect an effect. A larger study did find some evidence of benefit after 4 weeks of treatment, but a high dropout rate and other design problems compromise the meaningfulness of the results. 46 Another small study found possible evidence of benefit in menstrual pain . 69
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 30 people with carpal tunnel syndrome found that a single treatment with a static magnet produced dramatic and long-lasting benefits. 42 However, identical dramatic benefits were seen in the placebo group! In two more small randomized trials, researchers again found that there were no differences between the treatment and the placebo groups. Both groups experienced similar improvements in symptoms. 94-95
In a small study involving 31 hands with long-standing CTS, a combination of static magnet and pulses electromagnetic field (see below) therapy modestly improved "deep" pain, but had no significant effect on overall pain over a 2-month period. 85
People who undergo intense exercise often experience muscle soreness afterwards. (See the article Sports and Fitness Support: Enhancing Recovery .) One study tested magnet therapy for reducing this symptom. 56 However, while use of magnets did reduce muscle soreness, so did placebo treatment, and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of magnets and placebo. Another study, of more complex design, also failed to find benefit. 70
Magnetic insoles have also been advocated for increasing sports performance . However, a study of 14 college athletes failed to find that magnetic insoles improved vertical jump, bench squat, 40-yard dash, or a soccer-specific fitness test performance. 57
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF)
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) is quite distinct from magnet therapy itself. (The term "electromagnetic field" does not, in this case, refer to magnetism in the ordinary sense.) Nonetheless, for historical reasons, it is often classified together with true magnetic therapies. Because of that, we discuss it here.
Bone has a remarkable capacity to heal from injury. In some cases, though, the broken ends do not join, called non-union fractures. PEMF therapy has been used to stimulate bone repair in non-union and other fractures since the 1970s; this is a relatively accepted use and will not be discussed here. More controversially, PEMF has shown promise for osteoarthritis, stress incontinence, and possibly other conditions as well.
Three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies enrolling a total of more than 350 people suggest that pulsed electromagnetic field therapy can improve symptoms of osteoarthritis . 11,12,47
For example, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study tested PEMF in 86 people with osteoarthritis of the knee and 81 with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. 12 Participants received 18 half-hour sessions with either a PEMF machine or a sham device. The treated participants showed significantly greater improvements in disease severity than those given placebo. For both osteoarthritis conditions, benefits lasted for at least 1 month after treatment was stopped.
A more recent double-blind trial evaluated low-power, extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. 38 A total of 176 people received eight sessions of either sham or real treatment over a period of 2 weeks. The results showed significantly greater pain reduction in the treated group.
Many women experience stress incontinence, the leakage of urine following any action that puts pressure on the bladder. Laughter, physical exercise, and coughing can all trigger this unpleasant occurrence. A recent study suggests that PEMF treatment might be helpful. In this placebo-controlled study, researchers applied high-intensity pulsating magnetic fields to 62 women with stress incontinence. 14 The intention was to stimulate the nerves that control the pelvic muscles.
The results showed that one session of magnetic stimulation significantly reduced episodes of urinary leakage over the following week, compared to placebo. In the treated group, 74% experienced significant improvement, compared to only 32% in the placebo group. Presumably, the high-intensity magnetic field used in this treatment created electrical currents in the pelvic muscles and nerves. This was confirmed by objective examination of 13 patients, which found that magnetic stimulation was in fact increasing the strength of closure at the exit from the bladder. However, there was one serious flaw in this study: it does not appear to have been double-blind. (For more information on why this is important, see Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies? ) Researchers apparently knew which participants were getting real treatment and which were not, and therefore might have unconsciously biased their observations to conform to their expectations. Thus, the promise of electromagnetic therapy for stress incontinence still needs to be validated in properly designed trials.
Similarly, magnetic stimulation has been studied for the treatment of bed-wetting (nocturnal eneuresis). In a small preliminary study, the use of PEMF day and night for 2 months was helpful in girls. 88
A 2-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 30 people with multiple sclerosis was conducted using a PEMF device. 13 Participants were instructed to tape the device to one of three different acupuncture points on the shoulder, back, or hip. The study found statistically significant improvements in the treatment group, most notably in bladder control, hand function, and muscle spasticity. Benefits were seen in another small study too. 58 A review of 6 studies supported that magnetic metal mats, used for 8 minutes, 2 times per day, may be useful in decreasing fatigue, but not depression associated with MS. There was inconclusive evidence about usesfulness to manage other symptoms, such as bladder control, cognition, fatigue, or mobility. 105
In a 3-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 20 men with erectile dysfunction received PEMF therapy or placebo. 30 The magnetic therapy was administered by means of a small box worn near the genital area and kept in place as continuously as possible over the study period; neither participants nor observers knew whether the device was actually activated or not. The results showed that use of PEMF significantly improved sexual function compared to placebo.
In a double-blind trial, 42 people with migraine headaches were given treatment with real or placebo pulsed electromagnetic therapy to the inner thighs for 1 hour, 5 times per week for 2 weeks. 15 The results showed benefits in headache frequency and severity. However, the study design was rather convoluted and nonstandard, and, therefore, the results are difficult to interpret.
In a small, randomized trial, 80 women undergoing breast augmentation surgery were divided into three groups. The first group received PEMF therapy for 7 days postsurgically to both breasts, the second group received fake PEMF therapy to both breasts as a control, and the third group received real and fake PEMF therapy to either breast. Compared to the control, women receiving PEMF therapy reported significantly less discomfort and used less pain medications by the third postoperative day. 82
Electromagnetic Therapy: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Unlike PEMF, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) does in fact involve magnetic fields, and is, therefore, more closely related to standard magnet therapy. It involves applying low-frequency magnetic pulses to the brain. rTMS has been investigated for treating emotional illnesses and other conditions that originate in the brain. The results of preliminary studies have been generally promising.
About 20 small studies have evaluated rTMS for the treatment of depression (including severe depression that does not respond to standard treatment, as well as the depressive phase of bipolar illness ), and most found it effective. 16-24,39,41,48-50,59-62,99
In one of these studies, 70 people with major depression were given rTMS or sham rTMS in a double-blind setting over a period of 2 weeks. 17 The results showed that participants who had received actual treatment experienced significantly greater improvement than did those receiving sham treatment. In a far larger study involving 301 depressed patients, none of whom were being treated with antidepressant medications, real rTMS was significantly more effective than fake rTMS after 4-6 weeks of treatment. 89
In a much smaller trial involving 45 subjects, researchers found that rTMS is more effective than sham rTMS as an add-on treatment to medication in people with moderate to severe depression (including those with psychotic symptoms). 99
In another trial involving 92 older patients whose depression had been linked to poor blood flow to the brain (so-called vascular depression), actual rTMS was significantly more effective than sham rTMS. Benefits were more notable in younger patients. 79
In a particularly persuasive piece of evidence, researchers pooled the results of 30 double-blind trials involving 1,164 depressed patients and determined that real rTMS is significantly more effective than sham (fake) rTMS. 81
Two separate studies suggest that rTMS may be an effective additional treatment for the 20%-30% of depressed people for whom conventional drug therapy is not successful. 25,80 Another group of researchers pooled the results of 24 studies involving 1,092 patients and found rTMS to be more effective than sham for treatment resistant depression. 86 ECT (electroconvulsive therapy, or shock treatment) is often used for people who fall in this category, but rTMS may be an equally effective alternative. 22,24,49
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 24 people with epilepsy (technically, partial complex seizures or secondarily generalized seizures) not fully responsive to drug treatment were given treatment with rTMS or sham rTMS twice daily for a week. 8 The results showed a mild reduction in seizures among the people given real rTMS. However, the benefits rapidly disappeared when treatment was stopped. Similarly short-lived effects were seen in an open trial. 26
A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial looked at the use of low-frequency rTMS in 12 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and manifesting frequent and treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations (hearing voices). 27 Participants received rTMS for 4 days, with length of treatment building from 4 minutes on the first day to 16 minutes on the fourth day. Active stimulation significantly reduced the incidence of auditory hallucinations compared to sham stimulation. The extent of the benefit varied widely, lasting from 1 day in one participant to 2 months in another. Possible benefits were seen in other small studies, as well. 28,63 Researchers pooling the results of 6 controlled trials, which involved a total of 232 patients with schizophrenia resistant to conventional treatment, found that real low-frequency rTMS was significantly better at reducing auditory hallucinations compared to sham rTMS. 87
A review of 20 randomized trials with 470 patients found that real rTMS improved motor symptoms more effectively than sham rTMS. Treatment times ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. In these trials, the most improvement was also seen with high-frequency rTMS.106,40,64,71,83,90 However, a subsequent small, randomized study involving 23 people did not find promising results. 102 Compared to placebo, 10 days of transcranial electrostimulation did not improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
rTMS technology has also been applied to areas other than the brain. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition similar to fibromyalgia , but more localized. While fibromyalgia involves tender trigger points all over the body, myofascial pain syndrome involves trigger points clustered in one portion of the body only. One controlled trial found indications that a form of repetitive magnetic stimulation applied to the painful area may be effective for myofascial pain syndrome of the trapezius muscle. 65
In a placebo-controlled trail involving 61 people with long-standing diabetes, low-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation failed to diminish the pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy . 84 Interestingly, however, in another study involving 28 people with peripheral neuropathy, high frequency rTMS applied to the brain was more effective at reducing pain and improving quality of life than fake rTMS. 92
A preliminary study found indications that rTMS may be helpful for tinnitus (ringing in the ear). 66 However, a subsequent review of 5 randomized trials comparing rTMS to sham rTMS in 233 people with tinnitus found limited evidence to support its use for this condition. 101 The authors highlighted the need for more studies with larger sample sizes.
A small, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that use of rTMS may be able to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. 67
A very small, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found evidence that rTMS may reduce craving for cigarettes in people attempting to quit smoking . 68
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 18 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder found no evidence of benefit with rTMS. 29
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a nerve disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness. A small pilot study hinted that rTMS may be beneficial at least temporarily. 78
People with chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) may have a feeling of aching or burning in their arms or legs. One small study included 23 people with CRPS who were already getting conventional treatment (eg, pain medication, physical therapy) for pain in their arms. 98 The groups were randomized to receive either real or sham rTMS for 10 daily sessions. Those who received the real magnet therapy experienced a significant reduction in pain during the 10 days of treatment, but the effect did not persist.
Twenty people, recovering from a stroke in a rehabilitation program, were randomized to receive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or sham treatment. 96 Both groups also received physical and occupational therapy. Those in the tDCS group experienced a greater improvement in their motor function, suggesting that this form of magnet therapy may be a beneficial addition to an overall rehab program.
A review of 6 randomized trials evaluated rTMS to treat swallowing dysfunction after a stroke. High-frequency, repetitive rTMS was compared to sham rTMS or standard treatment in 163 patients. Treatment was given over a period of 1-2 weeks. Although therapy methods varied among the trials, rTMS was associated with improved swallowing function after 4 weeks .107
tDCS has also been studied as a possible treatment for fibromyalgia. A small randomized trial involving 30 adults with fibromyalgia found that tDCS delivered to the eyebrow area may help reduce pain compared to fake tDCS treatment or real tDCS delivered to other areas of the head. 100 In another study, 91 people with fibromyalgia were randomized to receive electrostimulation to the motor cortex in the brain or sham therapy. 103 Those in the treatment group experienced a modest improvement in their symptoms compared to the sham group.
How to Use Magnet Therapy
The following is a brief description of the use of magnet therapy. However, keep in mind that the current ways that magnets are used have yet to be fully evaluated by long-term clinical testing.
A full medical evaluation is advisable before using magnets. You don't want to be treating a painful back with magnets if the underlying cause of pain is a fracture or a tumor! Other concerns are discussed in the Safety Issues section.
Types of Magnets
If you have decided you do wish to try magnet therapy, you will have to choose among many different types of magnets and magnetic devices on the market today. There are a number of theories on the size and type of magnets to use and where to apply them, based on the type of condition being treated and other factors. Because unipolar magnets have greater depth of magnetic field penetration, some researchers consider these more effective in treating deeper tissues. Conversely, it is considered that alternating-pole magnet devices might be more effective at stimulating surface tissue. Thus, it might be appropriate to use a unipolar high-gauss magnet for low back pain that originates deep in the tissue and an alternating-pole configuration for an injury closer to the surface, such as a wrist sprain. However, there is no meaningful scientific evidence to support these distinctions.
In addition, some practitioners hold that the north side of the magnet calms and the south side excites, and that using the correct side of the magnet is crucial. However, from a scientific perspective, it is difficult to see how there could be any difference between the two poles of the magnet in terms of the effect upon body tissue.
There is general consensus that the magnet should be placed as close to the affected part of the body as possible. This can be done by taping the magnet to the skin, slipping the magnet inside a bandage over the affected area, or using a wrap device that has magnets embedded in it.
Tape holding magnets to the body might irritate the skin; in addition, some research scientists and practitioners suspect that the body may accommodate to the magnetic field over time, thus reducing the therapeutic effect. In order to prevent both the irritation and the accommodation, practitioners usually recommend intermittent use, such as 5 days on, 2 days off; or 12 hours on, 12 hours off.
Magnetic Devices Available
Manufacturers make a wide range of magnetic devices. For treating large areas of the body, wraps and belts containing magnets are available. Wraps are specifically designed for the wrist, elbow, knee, ankle, neck, shoulder, and back, and are often made out of thermal material to have the added effect of warming the area. These wraps are often recommended in cases of injury and arthritis where heat feels better. Proponents of magnet therapy often recommend the use of magnetic mattress pads and mattresses for people with problems affecting several areas of the body, such as fibromyalgia or arthritis; they also recommend magnetic mattress pads for insomnia and fatigue.
Proponents of magnet therapy recommend magnetic foot insoles for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, leg aches and pains, circulatory problems of the lower extremities, or foot injuries and problems, and for people who stand all day.
Magnetic necklaces are said to be useful for neck and shoulder pain as well as for generalized aches and pains, and magnetic bracelets are advocated for wrist pain and general problems.
Safety Issues
In general, magnets appear to be safe; the biggest risk appears to be irritation from tape holding them in place. MRI machines, for example, expose the body to gigantic magnetic fields, and extensive investigation has found no evidence of harm. However, during the MRI, the patient is subjected to a high level of magnetism for a short period of time, whereas people who use static magnets daily or sleep on them every night are subjected to a low level of magnetism over a long period of time. So far, it is not known whether this type of exposure has any deleterious effects. Nonetheless, one study, in which participants slept on a magnetic mattress pad every night for 4 months, found no side effects. 31 In addition, a safety study of rTMS found no evidence of harm. 32 In a large study in which rTMS was administered to numerous depressed patients, totaling over 10,000 cumulative treatment sessions, no significant adverse effects were reported. Transient headache and scalp discomfort were the most frequent problems reported. There were no seizures, nor changes in hearing or cognition. 77
It was previously thought that people with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and pacemakers should not use magnetic devices at all, but this recommendation has been adjusted. One study found that with the exception of magnetic mattresses and mattress pads, most magnets sold for therapeutic purposes do not interfere with the magnetically activated switches present in most pacemakers. Magnetic mattress pads can deactivate and alter the function of ICDs and pacemakers, but other therapeutic magnets are safe if kept 6 inches or further from these devices. 33
There are theoretical concerns that magnets might be risky for people with epilepsy. Similarly, until the physiological effects of magnet treatments are better understood, pregnant women should avoid them.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 09/2014 -
- Update Date: 10/11/2016 -


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Date: 04/23/2009
Company: Powerspan
For Immediate Release
Powerspan Corp. Closes over $50 Million in New Financing
PORTSMOUTH, NH – April 23, 2009—Powerspan Corp., a clean energy technology company, announced the closing of over $50 million in new financing from a group of new investors including George Soros, Tenaska Energy, Inc., AllianceBernstein LP, and Persimmon Tree Capital LP, and returning investors NGEN Partners LLC, The Beacon Group, The Tremont Group, RockPort Capital Partners LP, Calvert, Angeleno Group, Fluor Corporation, and FirstEnergy Corp.
The investment will be used to commercially deploy Powerspan's ECO2® carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technology for coal-fired electric power plants. In addition, the funding will be used for general corporate purposes.
"This financing round further validates Powerspan as a leading provider of carbon capture technology," said Powerspan CEO Frank Alix. "CO2 capture technology is a vital climate change mitigation tool for reducing CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants, the world's leading source of electricity."
"Tenaska has assumed a leadership role in the development of power plants with carbon capture and sequestration technologies," said Mike Lebens, President and CEO of Tenaska's Engineering & Operations Group. "We view our financial commitment to Powerspan as a sound investment in a promising CO2 capture technology along with an opportunity to learn more about that cutting-edge technology as we explore future development projects in the energy industry."
Powerspan is currently pilot testing its ECO2 technology on a 1-megawatt (MW) scale at a power plant in southeastern Ohio. A 120-MW commercial scale demonstration unit is scheduled to be on-line at a power plant in North Dakota in 2012. Both the pilot and commercial scale projects are designed to capture 90 percent CO2 with the captured CO2 from the commercial scale project to be used in enhanced oil recovery operations. Approximately one million tons of CO2 is to be captured annually from the commercial scale project.
Powerspan Corp., a clean energy technology company headquartered in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is engaged in the development and commercialization of proprietary carbon capture and multi-pollutant control technology for the electric power industry. The Company's post-combustion CO2 capture technology, called ECO2, can be applied to existing and proposed coal-fired power plants to capture 90 percent CO2. Visit www.powerspan.com for more information.
Mr. George Soros is Chairman of Soros Fund Management, LLC.
Omaha, Neb.-based Tenaska, one of the largest independent power producers in the United States, is applying proven pre- and post- combustion CO2 capture technologies on a commercial scale in two clean coal projects: the Taylorville Energy Center coal gasification project in Illinois, and the supercritical pulverized coal-fired Tenaska Trailblazer Energy Center in Texas. In business since 1987, Tenaska has developed approximately 9,000 MW of electric generating capacity across the United States. Tenaska's affiliates operate and manage ten power plants in six states and one foreign country, totaling more than 6,800 MW of generating capacity owned in partnership with other companies. The company also markets natural gas, biofuels and electric power, and provides risk management services. Visit www.tenaska.com for further information.
AllianceBernstein is a leading global investment management firm that offers high-quality research and diversified investment services to institutional clients, individuals and private clients in major markets around the world. AllianceBernstein employs more than 500 investment professionals with expertise in growth equities, value equities, fixed income securities, blend strategies and alternative investments and, through its subsidiaries and joint ventures, operates in more than 20 countries. To learn more about AllianceBernstein, please visit www.alliancebernstein.com.
Persimmon Tree Capital is a private equity firm established in 2008 to make investments in energy and related technology and infrastructure. The firm seeks to encourage and capitalize on the permanent shift to a base of global production that more fully balances the economic and environmental costs of providing energy. Visit www.persimmontreecapital.com for further information.
Founded in 2001, NGEN Partners is a pioneering investor in the cleantech sector. The firm invests in early to late stage businesses that offer economically valuable products and services that positively affect the environment. With a history in materials science, NGEN has deep expertise in alternative energy, energy efficiency, pollution abatement and green resources. To learn more about NGEN, please visit www.ngenpartners.com.
The Beacon Group is a small private investor group that manages billions of dollars in funds. Its main objective is to uncover robust, long-term investments that produce superior risk-adjusted returns. Well-known corporations, individuals, families and institutions from around the world invest in Beacon Funds. Beacon focuses on industries in which they have special knowledge including energy, financial services, and technology among others.
RockPort Capital Partners is a venture capital firm based in Boston, MA, that invests in companies in the areas of energy & power technologies, advanced materials, and process & prevention technologies. The firm is committed to companies with breakthrough technologies that deliver significant economic value to large potential markets. Additional information can be found at www.rockportcap.com.
Calvert has over 30 years of mutual fund experience and offers a full family of equity, fixed income and money market funds across 58 portfolios, as well as separate account products for institutional investors. Recognizing that today's social and economic issues can become tomorrow's economic problems, Calvert invests in companies that meet the challenges of the future with an expanded view of corporate responsibility. Calvert is a leader in sustainable and responsible investments (SRI) and offers investors among the widest choice of SRI strategies of any investment management company in the United States. More information on Calvert SRI strategies is available at www.Calvert.com/SRI.
Angeleno Group is a Los Angeles-based private equity firm focused on high-growth investments in the energy sector. AG's overarching mission is to deliver outstanding returns to investors by drawing on the insights and experience of its partners, investors and advisors to invest in innovative, well-managed, high-growth energy technology companies. For additional information, visit www.angelenogroup.com.
Fluor Corporation is a global engineering, procurement, construction and maintenance services company that designs, builds and maintains complex projects. Fluor offers a comprehensive services portfolio for all types of fossil-fueled, renewable and nuclear generation units, and also covers natural gas, coal, diesel, waste coal, petroleum coke and other fuels. The $16B company has 46,000 employees, serving clients in 25 countries across six continents. Visit www.fluor.com for further information.
Media Contact
Stephanie Procopis
VP Communications and Government Affairs
(603) 570-3000


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(PHILADELPHIA) Radiation oncologists and urologists at the Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson and Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia have begun using a real-time system to implant radiation-emitting seeds in prostate cancer patients. While the system, which is made by Nucletron, a technology company based in The Netherlands, is only being used for imaging and planning purposes so far, it ultimately will help with the actual placement of the seeds. To date, Jefferson is the first medical center in the Delaware Valley to begin employing the new system.
The multidisciplinary team of urologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiation physicists and others involved in using the device are hoping that the new federal Food and Drug Administration-approved technology will make an already good system even better, adding scientific precision to a treatment that currently relies mainly on physician experience and skill.
"The device is a step above the traditional technique because it makes use of a more sophisticated approach that allows for a coordinated, real-time imaging-based implantation of seeds," Richard Valicenti, M.D., associate professor of radiation oncology at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, says about the Nucletron device.
Patients have two options for treatment for localized, low-risk prostate cancer confined to the prostate: surgery or radiation therapy. In brachytherapy, tiny pellets - seeds - about the size of a grain of rice blanket the prostate, giving off radiation that travels only a few millimeters to kill nearby cancer cells. The seeds are carefully placed inside the cancerous tissue and positioned to efficiently attack the cancer. Brachytherapy has been proven to be very effective and safe, providing a good alternative to surgical removal of the prostate, while reducing the risk of certain long-term side effects, such as impotence. The seed radioactivity decays with time, while the seeds stay within the treatment area.
"This new approach is automated, so what normally takes us many steps to do we can do very quickly," he says, noting that brachytherapy is highly operator-dependent. "For example, putting in the rectal ultrasound probe has to be done slowly by hand. Now, the device does it and takes measurements of the size and location automatically of the target gland." It collects the imaging information - the dimensions of the patient's prostate - and downloads this into a computer system, where it is rapidly processed.
The doctors, radiation physicists and other specialists then specify the parameters of treating the cancer, such as how much dose to give the prostate, how much extra dose to give to the area of the tumor and the positions in which to give the radiation, all in less time than previously possible with standard techniques, Dr. Valicenti says.
"Up until recently, we would produce a plan in the outpatient setting that we hoped to recapitulate in the operating room," explains Adam Dicker, M.D. Ph.D., professor of radiation oncology at Jefferson Medical College. "But there was always the concern that what we saw initially might not match the situation later." Planning, he explains, can be affected by the patient's position and the location - and condition - of his prostate.
Because the device enables real-time planning in the operating room, he says, "If an area is under-dosed, you can find out right away and make corrections." The system provides a multidimensional view of the prostate and the "ability to process and accumulate more precise information, constantly updating and readjusting the treatment plan."