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There is hardly any other region, which has a wider variety of sports and recreational opportunities to offer than Davos/Klosters. Davos is well-known as a paradise for snowboarders and skiers from around the world. Modern transport facilities provide access to five winter sports areas with a total of 320 kilometres of slopes. Family-friendly mountains, snow parks, pipes or unforgettable free ride slopes - in Davos every ski and snowboard fan will find ones favourite surface. The destination is also a true paradise for cross-country skiers. Beside the FIS race tracks it offers trails through romantic side valleys as well as the night tracks for the later hour. But Davos is also the cradle of the international sledging sport and offers with 9 sledge runs plenty of fun and variety.
You would like to go ice-skating? Then you are exactly at the right place! Here you can find the largest natural ice rink of Europe which also invites to hockey and curling. In addition, Davos has one of the most beautiful hockey stadiums - the Vaillant Arena - and with the Hockey Club Davos the most popular ice hockey club in Switzerland. The Spengler Cup is the most traditional ice hockey tournament in the world and takes place right here - in the city of Davos.
Pure adrenaline rushes through your veins when climbing unique ice formations and icicles of the waterfalls in the Sertig valley - very close to our Chalet Berghof Sertig. Or enjoy the beautiful mountains from the air while hang gliding and paragliding. Should you prefer keeping both feet on the ground, we recommend you the cleared winter hiking trails (111 km), or snowshoeing through snow-covered forests and unspoiled winter landscapes.
Whatever you choose - the winter in Davos leaves nothing to be desired!To learn more about Davos, please visit: www.davos.ch
Rest assured, your e-mail address will only be used to receive the newsletter and will not be forwarded to any third party. You may cancel your newsletter subscription at any time.


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Sajari: Powering expansion of search and match business with Google Cloud
About Sajari
Founded in 2013, Sajari provides technologies that enable businesses to provide search and matching capabilities on websites and other systems.
With Google Cloud Platform, Sajari minimises network latency, achieves consistent compute performance, and meets availability requirements while growing the business to hundreds of customers globally.
Google Cloud Platform Results
- Enabled business to deliver a median search query time of less than 10 milliseconds
- Supported expansion to hundreds of customers in eight countries and processed about 1 billion requests per month
- Helped ensure team members could focus on building great search and matching products rather than on administration
Analysing millions of data points in less than 1 second
Founded in 2013, Sajari provides technologies that enable businesses to provide search and matching capabilities on websites and other systems. "Businesses connect websites and systems to our technologies via APIs," Hamish Ogilvy, Founder, Sajari, explains. "They can then use search and matching capabilities developed and refined with machine learning." The business has grown to support close to 1 billion requests per month from hundreds of customers in at least eight countries.
"We've focused primarily in Australia and the United States while growth has been predominantly organic to date," Ogilvy says.
Sajari launched its search and matching technologies directly onto a public cloud service. However, inconsistent performance and network latency meant search or match query latency could vary massively—worse than customer expectations. "We do a lot of heavy data reading of millions of data points for the most complex matching queries, and we still want to come back with answers within one second or less, so we need consistent compute performance and minimal network latency," Ogilvy says.
"Google has learned how to scale and distribute massive services around the globe for its own requirements. As its technical teams explain why they've made specific decisions when they release new products, you can see they're brilliantly thought out."—Hamish Ogilvy, Founder, Sajari
Consistent compute and minimal latency
Sajari experimented with Google Cloud Platform and through benchmarking, found its compute and network latency performance was faster and more reliable than its incumbent provider could deliver.
The business also considered Google's track record in running its own infrastructure. "Google has learned how to scale services massively and distribute them around the globe for its own requirements," Ogilvy says. "In addition, as its technical teams explain why they've made specific decisions when they release new products, you can see they're brilliantly thought out."
Ogilvy also pointed to the Live Migration feature available through Google Compute Engine that keeps virtual machine instances running even when software or hardware updates are underway, rather than requiring them to be rebooted; the advanced design of the load-balancing features of Google Cloud Platform; and Kubernetes support.
"Google Kubernetes Engine has allowed us to spend very little time managing infrastructure, freeing up our engineers to concentrate on our front-line products," David Howden, Senior Engineer, Sajari, says.
"Using Google Cloud Platform, we've been able to easily scale the business while keeping search and match query times well within customer expectations."—Hamish Ogilvy, Founder, Sajari
Sajari decided to conduct a staged migration to Google Cloud Platform. The business moved most of its workloads across over an 18-month period.
Sajari is now using Google App Engine for web application development and hosting, with Google Cloud Datastore providing managed NoSQL database services. It is also using the Google BigQuery analytics data warehouse to capture data for analysis. After initially using Google Compute Engine, the business migrated to Google Kubernetes Engine to run Kubernetes-based container clusters.
High availability levels and prompt engagement
Sajari is now experiencing availability levels well within business requirements. Ogilvy praises the fact that if an issue does occur, Google's automatic notifications promptly keep Sajari informed and enable the business to explain the situation to its customers.
The business has achieved a median search time of less than 10 milliseconds and has also reduced match times to meet business requirements. "When you perform a match, the query can be equivalent to a large document of unstructured information," Ogilvy explains. "So it may pull the document apart, run say 10,000 queries concurrently, and stitch the results back together. You are dealing with millions of pieces of data being evaluated against large datasets. Using Google Cloud Platform, we've been able to reduce the time to complete matches to well within customer expectations."
"Products like Google Kubernetes Engine allow us to spend very little time managing infrastructure, freeing up our engineers to concentrate on our front-line products."—David Howden, Senior Engineer, Sajari
No concerns over scaling
With Google Cloud Platform in place, Sajari can now take on customers as quickly as it needs to and grow as quickly as it wants to without any concerns about scaling out infrastructure. "The way products like Google Kubernetes Engine have been architected means we do not have to spend very much time maintaining and upgrading systems or working out what is going on if an issue does occur," Ogilvy says. "We now receive trace reports that tell us the latency changes of certain requests compared to previous periods—if it has changed significantly, we'll receive a warning."
"In addition, the reporting will tell us if we've made a mistake in a deployment," he adds. "Given we deploy every day, the ability to identify and fix problems quickly is extremely important."
Ogilvy is also extremely excited about the ability of Google Cloud Platform to support planned growth to what he describes as "thousands of customers all over the globe and clusters of compute in all regions." In addition, he sees the platform as key to his plans to automate as many of the company's processes as possible in response to pressure to become more efficient.
About Sajari
Founded in 2013, Sajari provides technologies that enable businesses to provide search and matching capabilities on websites and other systems.

subset: commoncrawl


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Honor the Heroes of the Game, Preserve Its History, Promote its Values & Celebrate Excellence Everywhere
Share your pictures, videos, and stories from your visit to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on our social media. We might even feature you in one of our promotions!
Your hardcore loyalty will never waver when you put on this Dri-FIT Property T-Shirt from Nike.


text: This forum is for businesses with inventory you are trying to clear out at discounted rates. Commentary on posts is not allowed, beyond questions to clarify. There is a flat-rate commission of 5% of the final price of goods sold in this forum. Contact us at 1 (907) 561-0700 for payment instructions.


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Special Collections
To supplement the official records of Congress, the Center for Legislative Archives maintains other materials in its holdings.
- Clifford K. Berryman Political Cartoon Collection
- Oral History Interviews
- Richard F. Fenno, Jr. Research Interview Notes
- Isaac Bassett Manuscript Collection
Clifford K. Berryman Political Cartoon Collection
A collection of 2,400 original pen-and-ink drawings by Clifford K. Berryman from the U.S. Senate Collection is housed at the Center for Legislative Archives. Berryman was Washington's best known and most-admired graphic commentator on politics in the first half of the 20th century. Berryman's career as a political cartoonist began in the late 1880s with the Washington Post and continued in 1907 with the Evening Star. Berryman's career for the Evening Star extended over forty years, until his death in 1949.
The cartoons comment on Washington politics, congressional issues, presidential elections, and both World Wars. The collection also includes approximately 230 cartoons by Jim Berryman, Clifford's son. This collection of Clifford and Jim Berryman cartoons are in the pubic domain.
Reproductions of all Clifford and Jim Berrymans' cartoons are available in the National Archives Catalog.
Visit the Clifford Berryman Online Exhibit.
Oral History Interviews
Oral history and research interviews compliment information available in the textual records of Congress. Oral histories add to our understanding of patterns and traditions in Congress and to our familiarity with Congressional heroes, triumphs, and failures. They also provide introductions to the decisions and actions taken throughout the legislative process that are rarely documented.
Oral Histories and Research Interviews of the Center for Legislative Archives
(Interviewees are listed alphabetically)
Oral Histories of Senate Staff Members
(Compiled by the Senate Historical Office)
Since 1976, the Senate Historical Office has collected a series of oral history interviews with former senators and retired members of the Senate staff. The Historical Office uses information gained through these oral histories for its own reference work, but also makes them available to researchers by depositing copies in the Center for Legislative Archives, as well as the Senate Library, the Library of Congress, and a microfiche edition distributed by Scholarly Resources, Inc. Oral History Transcripts are available at the Center for Legislative Archives.
Richard F. Fenno, Jr. Research Interview Notes
On December 14, 1993 the National Archives was deeded typed summaries of 76 research interviews conducted by Richard F. Fenno, Jr. The notes cover interviews conducted between May 25, 1959 and May 1968. Most of the interviews were with members of the House Appropriations Committee, but also include individuals in House leadership positions and on the Democratic and Republican committees that made committee assignments.
Research Interview Notes of Richard F. Fenno, Jr.
Isaac Bassett Manuscript Collection
On December 5, 1831 12-year-old Isaac Bassett was selected by Senator Daniel Webster as a page in the U.S. Senate. Bassett was the second page ever selected. In 1838 Bassett was promoted to messenger, and in 1861 he was administered the oath as assistant doorkeeper to the Senate, a post he held until his death in 1895. Having a position on the floor of the Senate allowed Bassett to witness the great debates leading up to the U.S. Civil War, Reconstruction and the Gilded Age.
In preparation for writing a memoir of his experience working for the Senate, Bassett saved notes, anecdotes, newspaper clippings and personal observations. Although he never completed his memoir, his papers were preserved and eventually donated to the U.S. Senate. The Senate has transferred them to the Center for Legislative Archives, where they will be maintained and preserved as part of the U.S. Senate Collection.
The records have been scanned and are available in the National Archives Catalog. They have also been microfilmed and are available in the microfilm reading room in Washington DC.
There are two finding aids for this collection. One is a description of the collection with a subject index and the other is a name index:
- Collection Description (468k)
- Subject Index (257k)
- Name Index (431k)
If you have problems accessing these records, please contact the Center by phone at (202) 357-5350 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com for assistance.
Find out more:
The Senate's website has a new multimedia exhibit displaying Bassett's autobiographical manuscript.
Read the Senate's Biography of Isaac Bassett.


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Product Portfolio
The Textile Industry utilizes various applications & processes for its complete and smooth functioning.
Some of the major applications & process which require our gas detection or process automation devices are: Cotton Industries – Bleaching, Dyes, Silk Industries, Woollen Industries, bleaching processes, temperature & humidity monitoring in Storage, warehouse areas, and so on…
The various applications in this industry require specific gases like oxygen / toxic /combustible / inert or other types of gases, either at the input stages of different processes or given out as by-products at the output stages. These gases can be hazardous to life, human safety or property in terms of their toxicity or explosive nature or environmental pollution creation, and hence require constant monitoring, so that they can be detected in the early stages of any leakage and thereby corrective actions can be taken immediately to prevent any type of damages or hazards caused by those gases.
Also, there are many processes which require monitored temperatures & humidity levels, or are affected by varying temperature or humidity conditions within their areas of applications.
Ambetronics Engineers provides Complete Solutions to various industries by offering wide range of products related to Gas detection and Process control instrumentation systems like: portable and online gas detection systems, gas detectors & transmitters, gas analyzers, multichannel gas monitors, gas sensors, leak detection systems, temperature / humidity indicators, transmitters & controllers, data scanners and data loggers, high speed data loggers, single-use or multiuse data loggers, loop powered indicators, time/ flow totalizers, timers, counters, rpm indicators, stroboscopes, tachometers, fire and gas alarm systems, and many more.
Our solutions & products are customized as per the specific requirements within the processes and applications which are carried out at our Client site.


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A sundog for the shortest days of the yearTuesday, December 22nd, 2009
I would be interested to know if anyone has used a sundog. It's a little robot that directs natural sunlight into a window all day by following the sun's arc and consistently reflecting its light into the room. This would be nice around the time of the winter solstice, not to mention in the aftermath of Copenhagen's failed climate change summit.


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Albacore Tuna Lox
St. Jean's cold-smoked wild Albacore tuna lox is a moist and richly flavoured delicacy that is usually sliced thin before serving. We fillet the fish before cold-smoking it in our hi-tech smokehouse, and the end result? Outstanding tuna like you've never tasted before!
Those who like tuna, like it as lox.
Presliced 113g vacuum packed.
NOTE: This is a frozen product and can only ship FedEx Priority Overnight. Shipping charges include frozen gel packs, packaging and styro cooler. Once ordered, you will be contacted by a St.Jean's Cannery representative to arrange a shipping date.


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Who's Afraid of a Big Bad Hacking Story?
May 7, 2012 5:00 AM PT
It's been a cheerily good spring for FOSS fans here in the Linux blogosphere, so we may perhaps be forgiven for our utter shock and disbelief at the affront recently committed against us by a certain brick-and-mortar purveyor of books and magazines.
Yes, that's right -- it's Barnes & Noble Linux Girl is referring to; specifically, its decision to yank the very excellent Linux Format magazine from its U.S. shelves -- apparently because of a cover story on the topic of "hacking."
"We've just learned that issue 154 of Linux Format, the one with 'Learn to Hack' on the cover, was removed from Barnes and Noble bookstores in the US after a complaint was made," read the announcement last Tuesday on Linux Format's TuxRadar blog.
'Used Predominately by Criminals'
Like a flash, the news jumped over to Slashdot and beyond, drawing the ire of Linux geeks far and wide.
"Good for them!" quipped Anonymous Coward on Slashdot, for example. "That's because Linux is an OS used predominately by criminals to hack machines. I applaud Barnes and Noble for this responsible reaction."
Then again: "And yet they'll happily stock martial arts magazines, full of special features about new and exciting ways to hurt people," noted Alranor.
'An Unfortunate Coincidence'?
Taking a more sinister perspective, "could it be that the buyout of B&N by Microsoft has produced the first victim?" suggested jbernardo. "Or just an 'unfortunate coincidence' that the magazine censured over a word is a Linux magazine?"
In any case, "odds are that Linux Format magazine is about to see an increase in circulation," predicted Anonymous Coward.
Head spinning from all the possible explanations, Linux Girl sought refuge on her favorite barstool down at the blogosphere's Punchy Penguin Saloon, where bloggers never have a shortage of things to say.
'Just Plain Common Sense'
"To be truly secure, you have to understand the methods employed by people that are trying to attack you," opined Google+ blogger Linux Rants over a fresh Tequila Tux, for example. "That's just plain common sense.
"If the methods used are kept secret, the victims of these attacks will be unprepared and easily taken advantage of," Linux Rants added. "Objecting to informing people of their vulnerabilities is completely backwards."
Indeed, "I'm firmly convinced that the public does not know enough about hacking," agreed consultant and Slashdot blogger Gerhard Mack. "If they did, people would believe a lot fewer hacker myths going around, such as the myth of hackers being able to break into computers by whistling over the phone."
An informed public "would also be a lot less forgiving of vendors with bad security practices," Mack added. "B&N need to stop being so clueless."
'BN Goofed'
Similarly, "Barnes and Noble, a longtime favorite of mine, goofs here," concurred Slashdot blogger yagu. "The magazine headline is a hook, and while BN may find it offensive or distasteful, they've just given extra free publicity to an issue they ostensibly wanted to 'silence.'
"I'd guess the net sales increase for this issue," yagu added.
Either way, "from personal experience, I've not found these magazines to deliver much steak to back the sizzle," yagu asserted. "The magazine and its contents doubtfully provide much useful true hacking material.
"Hackers will hack, and they don't get their expertise from magazines," he concluded. "Kiddies will kiddy-script with helpful hints from magazines on 'hacking,' but the magazine is hardly a threat. BN goofed."
'It Won't Affect Me Directly'
Google+ blogger Kevin O'Brien is a Barnes & Noble member, and he owns a Nook Color, he told Linux Girl.
"Now I feel like Barnes & Noble is making me regret the relationship," he said. "What's next, refusing to sell Steven Levy's book 'Hackers'?
"Fortunately I subscribe to Linux Format, so it won't affect me directly," O'Brien added.
'Now It's All Over the Web'
"The Streisand Effect strikes again!" exclaimed Barbara Hudson, a blogger on Slashdot who goes by "Tom" on the site.
"Whereas the article would have been limited to the print edition, now it's all over the web for the whole world to read for free," she explained. "Not only that, but the 'click to hack' BackTrack Linux Penetration Testing Distro mentioned in the article is getting wide exposure."
Meanwhile, "the tin-foil-hat brigade is explaining how this is all just a plot to detract attention from their recent deal with Microsoft," Hudson added.
"I swear, the software industry is becoming more like a badly written soap opera every week," she concluded.
'Knowledge Is the Key'
"Security by obscurity does not work, and the more people who know about means of attack/vulnerability, the more secure our IT will be," opined blogger Robert Pogson. "Most people are good and decent and should be empowered to defend their computers and networks. Knowledge is the key."
Censoring "publications that describe vulnerabilities/exploits is akin to banning nmap or ping because they can inform you about your network," Pogson suggested. "I've worked for places that technically could fire IT people just for doing their jobs because the tools for system administration overlap with tools for attacking systems."
Bottom line: "Don't punish innocent people. Punish criminals," he concluded.
The 'Confused Deputy' Problem
And again: "This is unfortunate," opined Chris Travers, a Slashdot blogger who works on the LedgerSMB project. "People need to learn how to break into computers in an open manner. This is especially true of sysadmins and software developers."
While it is true that "some security problems (double free bugs, overflows) can be avoided through good programming practices, others require being able to think about how a program can be abused to avoid," Travers explained.
For example, "consider the so-called 'confused deputy' problem, where a program follows exact user instructions, but the user gives instructions which lead to a program misbehaving in ways that can compromise security," he suggested. "Cross-site scripting and cross-site request forgery are two examples of confused deputy problems, but it is a mistake to focus only on these areas."
The fact is that "any program that can be made to misbehave in ways that compromise its own security provides such an opportunity," he pointed out. "These sorts of attacks are not necessarily limited to recognized subcategories, and so it requires thinking like an attacker in order to predict what behavior is dangerous."
'DIY Is on Life Support'
Slashdot blogger hairyfeet saw the move as a sign of the times.
"Welcome to the post-PATRIOT consumer driven world, folks," he said. "Devices WILL be locked down, DMCA'd up the rear, and words like 'hacker' are now on the same watch list as 'bomb' and 'terrorist.'"
Hairyfeet believes it's part of a larger trend -- namely, "the death of DIY and hacking as a whole," he explained. "Oh sure, you'll be able to still hack, but only with pre-approved hack designed devices like Arduino and the Pi.
"Everything else will be locked down so tightly by laws, refusal to sell parts, and a general not caring by the corps that DIY is on life support and will soon be all but dead," he predicted.
'BN Did the Right Thing'
Roberto Lim, a lawyer and blogger on Mobile Raptor, had a different perspective.
"Hacking is illegal in my country and punished with imprisonment, so I would think a book that teaches you how to do it would probably be considered objectionable," Lim told Linux Girl. "Would free speech allow for the publication of a book that teaches you how to do something illegal? Interesting issue for a Constitutional Law expert (which I am not)."
In any case, Barnes and Noble "did the right thing," he opined.
Power vs. Responsibility
"Should books be sold that teach you how to make a bomb, a lethal poison or break into cars?" he mused. "Granted, if you read engineering or chemistry materials, you will eventually figure out how to make a bomb or a poison.
"In the same way, someone who learns programming can probably figure out how to hack a computer system," he added. "Still, publications that directly teach you how to do these things should not be allowed, in my opinion."
Knowledge is power, and "some forms of power have to be tempered with responsibility," Lim concluded.


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Robert Biggs, 69, often hikes in the Bean Soup Flat area, which is about a mile and a half above Whisky Flats. He came across a mother bear, a yearling and a newborn, which were about 40 feet from where he was standing.
After watching the bear family for a few minutes he decided to leave them be and turned to walk back up the trail. As he turned, a mountain lion pounced on him grabbing hold of his backpack with all four paws.
"They usually grab hold of your head with all four paws, but my backpack was up above my head and (the mountain lion) grabbed it instead," Biggs said. "It must have been stalking the little bear, but it was on me in seconds."
He wrestled with the cat, striking it in the head with a rock pick. The cat screamed when it was hit with the pick, but didn't let go, Biggs said. Before he knew it, the mother bear came from behind and pounced on the cat, tearing its grip from the backpack.
The bear and the cat battled for about 15 seconds, Biggs said, until the cat finally ran away. The bear went on its way as well. Biggs ended up with bite marks, scratches and bruises to his arm, but was otherwise uninjured.
Biggs, a naturist, has hiked that same trail several times and has seen the mother bear and its cub last spring and fall. He said the encounters with the bears were friendly.
"(The cub) stood up on its hind legs and put its paws up and Igot to play patty-cake with it," he said.


text:
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Local Events
Welcome to Virginia's New River Valley!
The New River Valley is situated between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the south, and the Appalachian Mountains to the north, and is home to the nation's oldest river, the New River. We have a strong heritage and pride embedded in our roots, historical and cultural attractions, and our scenic vistas. The opportunities are endless as you discover our outdoor recreational activities, parks, music, arts, festivals, sporting events and more. We invite you to come and explore the New River Valley and discover for yourself all that it has to offer!
|"At New River Retreat, being in the tourism industry gives us the opportunities to this area through the eyes of others. Speaking with visitors from others states and even other countries allows us to have unique persp
|Read more...
Comments or questions?
Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
FOR508: Advanced Computer Forensic Analysis and Incident Response
Thu, December 12 - Tue, December 17, 2013
- Contents | Additional Info
- Instructor: Rob Lee
- 36 CPEs
- Laptop Required
My SOC focuses a lot on incident response and quick forensics, so the course material is extremely valuable.
This course (FOR508) really takes you from 0-60 in understanding the core concepts of forensics, especially the file system.
-This course focuses on providing incident responders with the necessary skills to hunt down and counter a wide range of threats within enterprise networks, including economic espionage, hactivism, and financial crime syndicates. The completely updated FOR508 addresses today's incidents by providing real-life, hands-on response tactics. Don't miss the NEW FOR508!
DAY 0: A 3-letter government agency contacts you to say that critical information was stolen by a targeted attack on your organization. Don't ask how they know, but they tell you that there are several breached systems within your enterprise. You are compromised by an Advanced Persistent Threat, aka an APT - the most sophisticated threat you are likely to face in your efforts to defend your systems and data.
Over 90% of all breach victims learn of a compromise from third party notification, not from internal security teams. In most cases, adversaries have been rummaging through your network undetected for months or even years. Gather your team - it's time to go hunting.
FOR508: Advanced Computer Forensic Analysis and Incident Response will help you determine:
- How did the breach occur?
- What systems were compromised?
- What did they take? What did they change?
- How do we remediate the incident?
The updated FOR508 trains digital forensic analysts and incident response teams to identify, contain, and remediate sophisticated threats-including APT groups and financial crime syndicates. A hands-on lab-developed from a real-world targeted attack on an enterprise network-leads you through the challenges and solutions. You will identify where the initial targeted attack occurred and which systems an APT group compromised. The course will prepare you to find out which data was stolen and by whom, contain the threat, and provide your organization the capabilities to manage and counter the attack.
During a targeted attack, an organization needs the best incident responders and forensic analysts in the field. FOR508 will train you and your team to be ready to do this work.
Course Will Prepare You To:
- Detect unknown live, dormant, and custom malware in memory across multiple windows systems in an enterprise environment
- Find malware beaconing outbound to its command and control (C2) channel via memory forensics, registry analysis, and network connection residue
- Identify how the breach occurred by identifying the beach head and spear phishing attack mechanisms
- Target anti-forensics techniques like hidden and time-stomped malware, along with utility-ware that the attackers uses to move in your network and maintain their presence
- Use memory analysis and forensic tools in the SIFT Workstation to detect hidden processes, malware, attacker command-lines, rootkits, network connections, and more
- Track user and attacker activity second by second on the system you are analyzing through in-depth timeline and super-timeline analysis
- Recover data cleared using anti-forensic techniques via Volume Shadow Copy and Restore Point analysis
- Learn how filesystems work and discover powerful forensic artifacts like NTFS $I30 indexes, journal parsing, and detailed Master File Table analysis
- Identify lateral movement and pivoted within your enterprise and show how attackers transition from system to system without being detected
- Understand how the attacker can acquire legitimate credentials, including domain administrator rights in a locked down environment
- Track data movement as the attackers collect critical data and shift it to exfiltration systems
- Recover and analyze rar archive files used by APT-like attackers to exfiltrate sensitive data from the enterprise network
Course Topics
- Advanced Use of the SIFT Workstation in Incident Response and Digital Forensics
- Responding to an APT group, Organized Crime Hackers, and Hackivists
- Incident Response and Intrusion Forensics Methodology
- Threat and Security Intelligence
- Remote and Enterprise IR System Analysis
- Windows Live Incident Response
- Memory Analysis
- Timeline Analysis
- System Restore Points and Volume Shadow Copy Exploitation
- File System Analysis
- In-depth Windows NTFS File System Examination
- Advanced File Recovery and Data Carving
- Recovering Key Windows Files
- Discovering Unknown Malware on a System
- Adversary Threat Intelligence Development, Indicators of Compromise, and Usage
- Step-by-Step Methodologies to Respond to and Investigate Intrusion Cases
Course Syllabus
FOR508.1: Enterprise Incident Response
Rob Lee
Thu Dec 12th, 2013
Incident responders should be armed with the latest tools, memory analysis techniques, and enterprise scanning methodologies in order to identify, track and contain advanced adversaries, and remediate incidents. Incident response and forensic analysts responding must be able to scale their examinations from the traditional one analyst per system toward one analyst per 1,000 or more systems. Enterprise scanning techniques are now a requirement to track targeted attacks by an APT group or crime syndicate groups which propagate through thousands of systems. This is simply something that cannot be accomplished using the standard "pull the hard drive" forensic examination methodology. Such an approach will in fact alert the adversary that you are aware and may allow them to quickly exfiltrate sensitive information. In this section, the six-step incident response methodology is examined as it applies to response in an enterprise during a targeted attack. We will show how important development of security intelligence is in affecting the adversaries "kill chain." We will also demonstrate live response techniques and tactics that can be applied on a single system and across the entire enterprise.
- SIFT Workstation - Laboratory Setup
- Partition Analysis
- Mounting Remote/Local Data via SIFT Workstation
- Remote System and Enterprise Scanning and Analysis using F-Response
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
SIFT Workstation Overview
- Layout and Configuration
- Programs Installed
- Core Tools Used
Incident Response Methodology
- Preparation - key tools, techniques, and procedures each IR team needs to properly respond to intrusions
- Identification- proper scoping an incident and detecting all compromised systems in the enterprise
- Containment - identify exactly how the breach occurred and what was taken
- Eradication - determine key steps that must be taken to help stop the current incident
- Recovery - helps identify threat intelligence to be used to see if the same adversary returns to the enterprise
- Lessons Learned
Threat and Adversary Intelligence
- Understanding the "Kill Chain"
- Threat Intelligence Creation and Use During IR
- IR Team Life Cycle Overview
- Deep Dive IR/Forensics - All Activity Across A Specific System
- Enterprise IR/Forensics - Specific Activity Across All Systems
Intrusion Digital Forensics Methodology
- Volatile Evidence
- Order of Volatility
- Forensic Methodology/Incident Response Process Flow
- Timelines - tracking the hackers step-by-step
- Media and Artifact Analysis
- Recover Data
Remote and Enterprise IR System Analysis
- Logical and Physical System Mounting
- Remote System Access In The Enterprise
- Remote System Host-Based Analysis
- Scalable Host-Based Analysis (1 analyst examining 1,000 systems)
- Remote Memory Analysis
Windows Live Incident Response
- Live Incident Response Kit and Tools
- Volatile Data Collection
- Comparison of Key Data Collected Via Live Collection, Static Drive, and Memory Analysis Techniques
- Auto-Start Malware Persistence Checks
- Trusted Windows Command Shells
- Finding Evil: Automating Collection Across Enterprise
- Remote Command Shell Usage - PsExec
- Incident Response using WMIC
- Live Response with Triage-IR and FGET
- Remote Command Prompts
FOR508.2: Memory Forensics
Rob Lee
Fri Dec 13th, 2013
Critical to many IR teams detecting advanced threats in the organization, memory forensics has come a long way in just a few years. It can be extraordinarily effective at finding evidence of worms, rootkits, and advanced malware used by an APT group of attackers. While traditionally solely the domain of Windows internals experts, recent tools now make memory analysis feasible for anyone. Better interfaces, documentation, and built-in detection heuristics have greatly leveled the playing field. This section will introduce some of the newest free tools available and give you a solid foundation in adding core and advanced memory forensic skills to your incident response and forensics armory.
- Detect unknown live malware and dormant APT malware in memory across multiple systems in an enterprise environment
- Find APT �beacon� malware over port 80 that targeted attackers used to access their C2 channel
- Find residual command line input through scanning strings in memory
- Analysis of Memory From Infected Systems
- Zeus/Zbot
- Conficker
- Sobig
- APT Beacon C2 Malware
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Memory Acquisition
- Acquisition of System Memory for both Windows 32/64 bit systems
- Hibernation and Pagefile Memory Extraction and Conversions
- Virtual Machine Memory Acquisition
Memory Forensics Analysis Process
- Identify Rogue Processes
- Analyze process DLLs and Handles
- Review Network Artifacts
- Look for Evidence of Code Injection
- Check for Signs of a Rootkit
- Acquire Suspicious Processes and Drivers
Memory Forensics Examinations
- Live Memory Forensics
- Memory Analysis Techniques with Redline
- Advanced Memory Analysis with Volatility
- Registry Examinations via Memory
- Memory Timelining
- Memory Event Log Parsing
FOR508.3: Timeline Analysis
Rob Lee
Sat Dec 14th, 2013
Timeline Analysis will change the way you approach digital forensics and incident response... forever.
Learn advanced analysis techniques uncovered via timeline analysis directly from the developers that pioneered timeline analysis tradecraft. Temporal data is located everywhere on a computer system. Filesystem modified/access/creation/change times, log files, network data, registry data, and, internet history files all contain time data that can be correlated into critical analysis to successfully solve cases. Pioneered by Rob Lee in 2001, timeline analysis has become a critical investigative technique to solve complex cases. New timeline analysis frameworks provide the means to conduct simultaneous examinations of a multitude of time based artifacts. Analysis that once took days now takes minutes. This section will step you through the two primary methods of creating and analyzing timelines created during advanced incidents and forensic cases. Exercises will not only show each analyst how to create a timeline, but introduce key methods to use them effectively in your cases.
- Using timeline analysis, identify how the breach originally occurred by identifying an APT group beachhead and spear phishing attack
- Target hidden and time-stomped malware and utility-ware that an APT uses to move in your network and maintain their presences
- Track the activity of APT second by second on the system you are analyzing through in-depth super timeline analysis
- Observe an targeted attackers laterally move to other systems in your enterprise by watching the footprints that they have left in the filesystem times and other temporal-based artifacts
- Learn how to filter system artifact, filesystem, and registry timelines to target specific data efficiently
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Timeline Analysis Overview
- Timeline Benefits
- Prerequisite Knowledge
- Finding The Pivot Point
- Timeline Context Clues
- Timeline Analysis Process
Filesystem Timeline Creation and Analysis
- MACB Meaning by File System (NTFS vs. FAT)
- Windows Time Rules (File Copy vs. File Move)
- Filesystem Timeline Creation using Sleuthkit and fls
- Bodyfile Analysis and Filtering using the mactime tool
Super Timeline Creation and Analysis
- Super Timeline Artifact Rules
- Program Execution, File Knowledge, File Opening, File Deletion
- Timeline Creation with log2timeline
- log2timeline input modules
- log2timeline output modules
- Filtering the Super Timeline using l2t_process
- Targeted Super Timeline Creation
- Automated Super Timeline Creation
- Super Timeline Analysis
FOR508.4: Deep Dive Forensics And Anti-Forensics Detection
Rob Lee
Sun Dec 15th, 2013
A major criticism of digital forensic professionals is that many tools simply require a few mouse clicks to have the tool automatically recover data as evidence. This "push button" mentality has led to many inaccurate case results in the past few years including high profile cases such as the Casey Anthony murder trial. You will stop being reliant on "push button" forensic techniques as we cover how the engines of digital forensic tools really work. To understand how to carve out data, it is best to understand how to do it by hand and then show how automated tools should be able to recover the same data. You will learn how to perform string searches looking for specific residue from a file and learn multiple ways to recover the file data across the layers of the filesystem. If a file or registry key has been wiped or deleted, this section shows how to use Windows historical artifacts to still recover key pieces of the data that no longer exist on the system. This knowledge will allow you to see beyond most anti-forensic techniques allowing you to gain the advantage while responding to breaches in your organization where an adversary is actively attempting to hide from you.
- Recover data cleared through anti-forensic techniques used by targeted attackers via Volume Shadow Copy and Restore Point analysis
- Extract stream based data and identify critical strings that were used during the attack. Find evidence of Poison Ivy use on the compromised system.
- Carve key files out of unallocated space including malware, prefetch files, LNK files, and more.
- Use filesystem knowledge to detect evidence of anti-forensics and timestomping
- Recover rar files that an APT exfiltrated from the enterprise network
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Windows XP Restore Point Analysis
- XP Restore Point Analysis
- Restore Point Historical Registry Analysis
VISTA , Windows 7, Server 2008 Shadow Volume Copy Analysis
- Shadow Copy Data Analysis
- Acquiring Shadow Copy Volume Image
- Raw and Live Shadow Copy Examination using the SIFT Workstation
- Creating and Analyzing Shadow Volume Timelines
Deep Dive Forensics Analysis
- Filesystem Based Analysis
- Allocated, Unallocated, and Slack Space
- Metadata Layer Fundamentals
- File Name Layer Fundamentals
- Sleuthkit Toolset
- Partition / Volume Analysis
- Extract Key Data From File System Partition
- Determine Cluster/Block Size
- Data Layer Analysis
- Stream-Based Data Carving
- Detecting Email, Credit Card Numbers, Phone Numbers
- Detecting AES Encryption Keys, Search Items
- Detecting Network Information (TCP, IP, MAC, Domain Names)
- Histogram Analysis
- File-Based Data Carving
- Extract Unallocated and Slack Space
- Determine Location of Data
- File Carving Using File Headers/Footers
- Carving key files from a compromised system (malware, rar files, prefetch files, and shortcut files)
- NTFS Filesystem Analysis
- Master File Table (MFT)
- NTFS System Files
- NTFS Metadata Attributes ($Standard_Information, $Filename, $Data)
- Rules of Windows Timestamps for $STDINFO and $Filename
- NTFS Timestamps
- Resident vs. Nonresident files
- Alternate Data Streams
- Directory Listings and the $I30 file
- Transaction Logging and the $Logfile and $UsnJrnl
- What happens when data is deleted from a NTFS file system?
- FAT/exFAT Filesystem Overview
FOR508.5: Intrusion Forensics-The Art of Finding Unknown Malware
Rob Lee
Mon Dec 16th, 2013
The adversaries are good, we must be better.
Over the years, we have observed that many incident responders have a challenging time finding malware without effective indicators of compromise (IOCs) or threat intelligence gathered prior to a breach. This is especially true in APT group intrusions.
This advanced session will demonstrate techniques used by first responders to discover malware or forensic artifacts when very little information exists about their capabilities or hidden locations. We will discuss techniques to help funnel possibilities down to the candidates most likely to be evil malware trying to hide on the system.
The section concludes with a step-by-step approach on how to handle some of the most difficult types of investigations. You will learn the best ways to approach intrusion and spear phishing attacks. You will understand locations you can examine to determine if file wiping occurred. You will discover techniques to prove that privacy clearing software was utilized. Regardless of the actions hackers might take, they will always leave something that can be traced. This discussion will solidify your new skills into a working attack plan to solve these difficult cases.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Step-by-Step Finding Unknown Malware On A System
- Data Reduction / File Sorting
- Data Carving
- Indicators of Compromise (IOC) Search
- Automated Memory Analysis
- Evidence of Persistence
- Supertimeline Examination
- Packing / Entropy / Density Check
- System Logs
- Memory Analysis
- Automated Malware Lookups
- MFT Anomalies
- Timeline Anomalies
Anti-Forensics Detection Methodologies
- Deleted File
- Deleted Registry Keys
- File Wiping
- Clearing Browsing History
- Privacy Cleaner
- Adjusting Timestamps
Methodology to Analyze and Solve Challenging Cases
- Malware/Intrusion
- Spear Phishing Attacks
- Web Application Attacks/SQL Injection
- Advanced Persistent Threat Actors
- Detecting Data Exfiltration
FOR508.6: The Incident Response and Forensic Challenge
Rob Lee
Tue Dec 17th, 2013
This brand new exercise created in 2012 brings together some of the most exciting techniques learned earlier in the week and tests your newly acquired skills in a case that simulates an attack by an advanced adversary such as an APT. This challenge brings it all together using a simulated intrusion into a real enterprise environment consisting of multiple Windows systems. You will be asked to uncover how the systems were compromised in the initial intrusion, find other systems the adversary moved to laterally, and identify intellectual property stolen via data exfiltration. You will walk out of the course with hands-on experience investigating realistic scenarios, which were put together by a cadre of individuals with many years of experience fighting advanced threats such as an APT group.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
The Intrusion Forensic Challenge will have each Incident Response team analyzing multiple systems in the Enterprise network.
Each Incident Response team will be asked to answer the following key questions during the challenge just like they would during a real-breach in their organizations:
- How and when did the APT group breach our network?
- List all compromised systems by IP address and specific evidence of compromise.
- When and how did the attackers first laterally move to each system?
- How and when did the attackers obtain domain administrator credentials?
- Once on other systems, what did the attackers look for on each system?
- Email was extracted from executives and system administrators in the enterprise. Are there specific types of email the attackers appeared interested in?
- There is a concern among management that compromised critical intellectual property has been exfiltrated from the network. Determine what was stolen: Recover any .rar files or archives exfiltrated, find the .rar encoding password, and extract the contents to verify extracted data.
- Collect and list all malware used in the attack.
- Develop and present security intelligence or an Indicator of Compromise (IOC) for the APT-group "beacon" malware for both host and network based enterprise scoping.
- What specific indicators exists for the use of this malware?
- Do we need to change the passwords for every user in domain or just the ones affected by the systems compromised?
- Based on the attacked techniques and tools discovered during incident, what are the recommended steps to remediate and recover from this incident?
- What systems need to be rebuilt?
- What IP addresses need to be blocked?
- What countermeasures should we deploy to slow or stop these attackers if they come back?
- What recommendations would you make in order to detect these intruders in our network again?
Additional Information
Laptop Required
Download the latest version of the SIFT Workstation here: http://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/downloads. You can use any 64-bit version of Windows, MAC OSX, or Linux as your core operating system that also can install and run VMware virtualization products. For MACs, we recommend setting up Boot Camp and running Windows directly on your MAC. We have had challenges with VMware Fusion products with several exercises in class.
It is critical that your CPU and operating system support 64-bit so that our 64-bit guest virtual machine will run on your laptop. VMware provides a free tool for Windows and Linux that will detect whether or not your host supports 64-bit guest virtual machines. For further troubleshooting, this article also provides good instructions for Windows users to determine more about the CPU and OS capabilities.
Please download and install VMware Workstation 10, VMware Fusion 6.0, or VMware Player 6.0 or higher versions on your system prior to class beginning. If you do not own a licensed copy of VMware Workstation or Fusion, you can download a free 30-day trial copy from VMware. VMware will send you a time-limited serial number if you register for the trial at their Web site. VMware Player is a free download that does not need a commercial license. Most students find VMware Player adequate for the course.
- CPU: 64-bit Intel�® x64 2.0+ GHz processor or higher based system is mandatory for this class (Important - Please Read: a 64-bit system processor is mandatory)
- RAM: 4 GB (Gigabytes) of RAM minimum (Note: We strongly recommend 8 GB of RAM or higher to get the most out of the course)
- Host Operating System: Any version of Windows or MAC OSX that also can install and run VMware virtualization products (VMware Workstation, VMware Fusion, or VMware Player) Please note, those with MACs generally do better with Boot Camp installed and running Windows from your MAC. While it works on OSX, some students have experienced problems with VMware Fusion during the course.
- Networking: Wireless 802.11 B, G, or N
- DVD/CD Combo Drive
- USB 2.0 or higher Port(s)
- 200 Gigabyte Host System Hard Drive minimum
- ~100 Gigabytes of Free Space on your System Hard Drive (Note: The free space is needed for the SIFT Workstation VM and the evidence --64 GB--we will be adding to your system)
The student should have the capability to have Local Administrator Access within their host operating system
MANDATORY FOR508 SYSTEM SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS (Please install the following prior to the beginning of the class):
- Install VMware Workstation 10, VMware Fusion 6.0, or VMware Player 6.0 (higher versions are ok)
- Download the latest version of the SIFT Workstation VMware zipfile here: http://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/downloads
- Download and install 7Zip
- Microsoft Office (any version) w/Excel installed on your host - Note you can download Office Trial Software online (free for 60 days)
- If you attended FOR408, please bring your copy of the FOR408 - Windows SIFT Workstation Virtual Machine as you can use it for the final challenge.
- If you are using an Apple Laptop / MacBook with OSX as your operating system it is required you additionally bring a Windows Virtual System (Win7 or Win8 - Any Version) to class or install bootcamp
- Bring/install any other forensic tool you feel could be useful (EnCase, FTK, etc). For the final challenge at the end of the course, you can utilize any forensic tool, including commercial capabilities, to help you and your team. If you have any dongles, licensed software, you are free to use it.
If you have additional questions about the laptop specifications, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Who Should Attend
- Information Security Professionals who respond to data breach incidents and intrusions
- Incident Response Team Members who respond to complex security incidents/intrusions from an APT group / advanced adversaries and need to know how to detect, investigate, recover, and remediate compromised systems across an enterprise.
- Experienced Digital Forensic Analysts who want to solidify and expand their understanding of file system forensics, investigating technically advanced individuals, incident response tactics, and advanced intrusion investigations targeting APT groups.
- Federal Agents and Law Enforcement, who want to master advanced intrusion investigations, incident response, and expand their investigative skill beyond traditional host-based digital forensics
- Red Team Members, Penetration Testers, and Exploit Developers who want to learn how their opponents can identify their actions. Discover how common mistakes can compromise operations on remote systems, and how to avoid them. This course covers remote system forensics and data collection techniques that can be easily integrated into post-exploit operating procedures and exploit testing batteries.
- SANS FOR408 and SEC504 Graduates looking to take their skills to the next level
FOR508 (Advanced Forensics and Incident Response) and FOR408 (Computer Forensic Investigations - Windows In-Depth) are designed to be companion courses with skills that build upon one another. While we suggest taking FOR408 prior to FOR508, students will benefit from taking the courses in any order. SANS has a free forensic skill assessment that might be useful to take if you are unsure which class is right for you. The assessment can be found here: http://computer-forensics.sans.org/training/assessment
HANDS-ON APT Enterprise Intrusion Lab
One of the biggest complaints that many have in the digital forensics and incident response community is the lack of realistic intrusion data. Most real-world intrusion data is simply too sensitive to be shared.
Starting a year ago, course authors created a realistic scenario based on experiences surveyed from panel of responders who regularly respond to targeted APT attacks. They helped review and guide the targeted attack "script" used to create the scenario. As a result, the authors created an incredibly rich and realistic attack scenario across multiple enterprise systems. This APT attack lab forms the basis for training during the week. The network was setup to mimic a standard "protected" enterprise network using standard compliance checklists.
- Full auditing turned on per recommended FISMA guidelines
- Windows DC set up and configured. DC not tightened down the network more than what is expected in real enterprise networks
- Systems installed and have real software on it that is used (Office, Adobe, Skype, Tweetdeck, Email, Dropbox, Firefox, Chrome)
- Fully patched (Patches are automatically installed)
- Enterprise Incident Response agents
Enterprise A/V and On-Scan capability based on DoD's Host Based Security System - HBSS
- McAfee Endpoint Protection -Anti-virus, Anti-spyware, Safe surfing, Anti-spam, Device Control, Onsite Management, Host Intrusion Prevention (HIPS)
- Firewall only allowed inbound port 25 and outbound ports 25, 80, 443 only.
This exercise and challenge will be used to show real adversary traces across host systems, system memory, hibernation/pagefiles and more.
- Phase 1 - Spearphishing attack and malware C2 beacon installation
- Phase 2 - Lateral movement to other systems, malware utilities download, install additional beacons, and obtain domain admin credentials
- Phase 3 - Search for intellectual property, profile network, dump email, dump enterprise hashes
- Phase 4 - Collect data to exfiltrate and copy to staging system. Archive data using rar and a complex passphrase
- Phase 5 - Exfiltrate rar files from staging server, perform cleanup on staging server.
In the end, we will have created authentic memory captures on each box, network captures, malware samples, in addition to full disk images w/Restore Points (XP) and VSS for (Win7 and Win2008) systems
Why Take This Course?
What you Will Learn
- Applying incident response processes, threat intelligence, and digital forensics to investigate breached enterprise environments from Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups, organized crime syndicates, or hackivists.
- Discover every system compromised in your enterprise utilizing incident response tools such as F-Response and digital forensic analysis capabilities in the SIFT Workstation to identify APT beach head and spear phishing attack mechanisms, lateral movement, and data exfiltration techniques.
- Using the SIFT Workstation�s capabilities, perform forensic analysis and incident response on any remote enterprise hard drive or system memory without having to image the system first allowing for immediate response and scalable analysis to take place across the enterprise.
- Using system memory and the Volatility toolset to discover active malware on a system, determine how the malware was placed there, and recover it to help develop key threat intelligence to perform proper scoping activities during incident response.
- Detect advanced capabilities such as Stuxnet, TDSS, or APT command and control malware immediately through memory analysis using Redline�s Malware Rating Index (MRI) to quickly ascertain the threat to your organization and aid in scoping the true extent of the data breach
- Track the exact footprints of an attacker crossing multiple systems and observe data they have collected to exfiltrate as you track your adversary�s movements in your network via timeline analysis using the log2timeline toolset
- Begin recovery and remediation of the compromise via the use of Indicators of Compromise (IOC), Threat Intelligence, and IR/Forensics key scanning techniques to identify active malware and all enterprise systems affected by the breach
- Perform filesystem surgery using the sleuthkit tool to discover how filesystems work and uncover powerful forensic artifacts such as NTFS $I30 directory file indexes, journal parsing, and detailed Master File Table analysis
- Using volume shadow snapshot examinations, XP restore point analysis, and NTFS examination tools in the SIFT Workstation, recover artifacts hidden by anti-forensic techniques such as timestomping, file wiping, rootkit hiding, and privacy cleaning.
- Discover an adversary�s persistence mechanisms to allow malware to continue to run on a system after a reboot using command-line tools such as autorunsc, psexec, jobparser, group policy, triage-ir, and IOCFinder.
What You Will Receive
SIFT Workstation Virtual Machine used with many of the class hands-on exercise
- This course uses the SIFT Workstation to teach incident responders and forensic analysts how to respond to and investigate sophisticated attacks. SIFT contains hundreds of free and open source tools, easily matching any modern forensic and incident response tool suite.
- F-Response TACTICAL
- TACTICAL enables incident responders to access remote systems and physical memory of a remote computer via the network
- Gives any IR or forensic tool the capability to be used across the enterprise
- Perfect for intrusion investigations and data breach incident response situations
- Best-selling book "File System Forensic Analysis" by Brian Carrier
- Course DVD loaded with case examples, tools, and documentation
You Will Be Able To
- Apply incident response processes, threat intelligence, and digital forensics to investigate breached enterprise environments from Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups, organized crime syndicates, or hackivists.
- Discover every system comprised in your enterprise utilizing incident response tools such as F-Response and digital forensic analysis capabilities in the SIFT Workstation to identify APT beach head and spear phishing at- tack mechanisms, lateral movement, and data exfiltration techniques.
- Using the SIFT Workstation's capabilities, preform forensic analysis and incident response on any remote enterprise hard drive or system memory without having to image the system first, allowing for immediate response and scalable analysis to take place across the enterprise.
- Using system memory and the Volatility toolset to discover active malware on a system, determine how the malware was placed there, and recover it to help develop key threat intelligence to perform proper scoping activities during incident response.
- Detect advanced capabilities such as Stuxnet, TDSS, or APT command and control malware immediately through memory analysis using Redline�s Malware Rat- ing Index (MRI) to quickly ascertain the threat to your organization and aid in scoping the true extent of the data breach
- Track the exact footprints of an attacker crossing multiple systems and observe data they have collected to exfiltrate as you track your adversary�s movements in your network via timeline analysis using the log2timeline toolset
- Begin recovery and remediation of the compromise via the use of Indicators of Compromise (IOC), Threat Intelligence, and IR/Forensics key scanning techniques to identify active malware and all enterprise systems affected by the breach
- Preform filesystem surgery using the sleuth kit tool to discover how filesystems work and uncover powerful forensic artifacts such as NTFS $I30 directory file indexes, journal parsing, and detailed Master File Table analysis
- Using volume shadow snapshot examinations, XP restore point analysis, and NTFS examination tools in the SIFT Workstation, recover artifacts hidden by anti-forensic techniques such as timestomping, file wiping, rootkit hiding, and privacy cleaning.
- Discover an adversary's persistence mechanisms to allow malware to continue to run on a system after a reboot using command-line tools such as autorunsc, psexec, jobparser, group policy, triage-ir, and IOCFinder.
Press & Reviews
"THE SANS508 COURSE EXCEEDED MY EXPECTATIONS IN EVERY WAY. IT PROVIDED ME THE SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE, AND TOOLS TO EFFECTIVELY RESPOND TO AND HANDLE APTS AND OTHER ENTERPRISE WIDE THREATS." -Josh Moulin NSTEC/NNSA/DOE
"THE EXAMPLES IN THE COURSE RELATE TO WHAT I NEED TO KNOW TO DEAL WITH REAL WORLD THREATS." -Tim Weaver, Digital Mtn. Inc.
"I WAS SURPRISED AND AMAZED AT HOW EASY IT IS TO DO MEMORY ANALYSIS AND HOW HELPFUL IT IS." - Brian Dugay, Apple
"THE LEVEL OF DETAIL IS AMAZING. THE METHODOLOGY IS CLEARLY EFFECTIVE AT FINDING PERTINENT ARTIFACTS." - no name
"I'VE TAKEN OTHER NETWORK INTRUSION CLASSES BUT NOTHING THIS IN-DEPTH. THE CLASS IS OUTSTANDING!" -- Craig Goldsmith, FBI
"CUTTING EDGE EXPERTISE TAUGHT BY WORLD CLASS EXPERTS." -Joseph Murray, Deloitte
"I�M A DIFFERENT MAN AS A RESULT OF THIS COURSE." - Travis Farral, XTO Energy
"ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IS USEFUL, BUT THIS COURSE PROVIDES THE PRACTICAL SIDE OF A GROWING TREND." -Erik Musick, Arkansas State Police
"THIS IS A GREAT CLASS AND SHOULD BE MANDATORY FOR ANYONE IN THE FORENSIC FIELD. GREAT JOB, ROB!" -Mark Merchant, State of Alaska/State Security Office
"COME PREPARED TO LEARN A LOT." -Todd Black Lee, The Golden 1 Credit Union
"YOU CAN DELETE IT, HIDE IT, RENAME IT, BUT WE WILL FIND IT." -Edward Fuller, Department of Defense
"GREAT COURSE! THIS NOT ONLY HELPS ME IN FORENSICS BUT ALSO IN CREATING USE-CASES FOR OUR OTHER INTRUSION ANALYSIS TOOLS." -Joseph Murray, Deloitte
"IT�S HARD TO REALLY SAY SOMETHING THAT WILL PROPERLY CONVEY THE AMOUNT OF MENTAL GROWTH I�VE EXPERIENCED THIS WEEK." -Travis Farral, XTI Energy
"EXCELLENT COURSE, INVALUABLE HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE TAUGHT BY PEOPLE WHO NOT ONLY KNOW THE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES, BUT KNOW THEIR QUIRKINESS THROUGH PRACTICAL, REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE." -John Alexander, US Army
"THIS COURSE (FOR508) REALLY TAKES YOU FROM 0-60 IN UNDERSTANDING THE CORE CONCEPTS OF FORENSICS, ESPECIALLY THE FILE SYSTEM." -Matthew Harvey, U.S. Department of Justice
"IF YOU NEED TO TRACK DOWN WHAT HAPPENED IN YOUR ENVIRONMENTS, THIS IS A MUST HAVE COURSE!" -Fran Moniz, American National Insurance
"THE CAPSTONE EXERCISE IS AWESOME, PUTS TRACKING THE APT INTO PRACTICE." -Gavin Worden, SD-LECC
"BEST FORENSICS TRAINING I'VE HAD SO FAR. I THOUGHT THE SOME OTHERS COURSES WERE GREAT BUT 508 IS A LOT MORE CURRENT AND APPLICABLE TO THE REAL WORLD! EXCELLENT COURSE AND INSTRUCTOR OVERALL!" -Marc Bleicher, Bit9
- CSO ONLINE: Advanced Persistent Threats can be beaten, says expert Detection is key, but how you respond to APTs is equally important
- SECURITY BISTRO: Understanding and defeating APT, Part 1: Waking up to the who and why behind APT
- SECURITY BISTRO: Understanding and defeating APT, Part 2: Fighting the 'forever war' against implacable foes
Should I take SANS 408 or 508? (part 1) - http://digitalforensicstips.com/category/training_reviews/
SANS 508 Compared to 408 Part Two (part 2) - http://digitalforensicstips.com/2013/04/sans-508-compared-to-408-part-two-plus-a-side-of-610/
Author Statement
"There are people smarter than you, they have more resources than you, and they are coming for you. Good luck with that." Matt Olney said when describing the Advanced Persistent Threat and advanced adversaries. He was not joking. The results over the past several years clearly indicate that hackers employed by nation states and organized crime are racking up success after success. The Advanced Persistent Threat has compromised hundreds of organizations. Organized crime organizations, utilizing botnets are exploiting ACH fraud daily. Similar groups are penetrating banks and merchants, stealing credit card data daily. Fortune 500 companies are beginning to detail data breaches and hacks in their annual stockholders reports.
The enemy is getting better, bolder, and their success rate is impressive.
We can stop them, but in order to do so we need to field more sophisticated incident responders and digital forensic investigators. We need lethal digital forensic experts who can detect and eradicate advanced threats immediately. A properly trained incident responder could be the only defense your organization has left during a compromise. Forensics 508: ADVANCED COMPUTER FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND INCIDENT RESPONSE is crucial training for you to become a lethal forensicator so that you can step up to these advanced threats. The enemy is good. We are better. This course will help you become one of the best. - Rob Lee


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Manchester Students Attend Class Outdoors During Pratt & Whitney-Sponsored Discovery Center Camp Week
Fifth-grade students from two Manchester schools recently spent a week in Woodstock Valley, Connecticut, in a residential camp program through the Discovery Center, a leading educational diversity initiative in Connecticut.
YMCA's Camp Woodstock was host to the event, which included 97 students from the Washington Media Arts Magnet School and Keeney Elementary School.
"Pratt & Whitney supports this week," explained Eunice Bragg, the director of Fund Development for the Center.
"Parents pay a commitment fee of $50 per child, but it costs close to $400 per kid," she said.
The non-profit organization, which was founded by Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward in the early 90s, fosters an appreciation of cultural, racial and socio-economic differences and teaches children how to get along despite these dissimilarities.
Because the session in May was a Pratt & Whitney-sponsored week, there was a special focus on STEM skills, however, diversity training is always emphasized at camp.
"We bring urban and suburban kids together for the experience," continued Bragg. "Most of the activities are outdoors, so we use nature to do the teaching. We use the platform of the outdoor learning experience – we're a classroom without walls for a future without prejudice."
Ropes courses, climbing walls, arts and crafts, basketball and outdoor studies in streams and in the woods are but a few of the activities available each day during regular studies and free time.
"The STEM challenge this week focuses on creating a rescue aid package that needs to protect food and water from a 25-foot drop from our climbing tower," said Melany Gronski, the program's assistant director.
"The students use the engineering process to complete the task. They work in collaboration with students from both schools, and they are required to stay within a budget," explained Gronski.
With each "building material" having an associated cost, students must spend no more than $5.
"This whole lesson spans over three days with a finale day where they all drop their aid packages from the tower and share their designs with the rest of the students," said Gronski.
Positive attitudes are shaped through the self reliance, team building and the social connection the Discovery Center's programs encourage, noted Bragg. "We're preparing them for the future, because the day will come when they're going to be out in the real world working and living with people that are different than them."
For more information about the Discovery Center and corporate sponsorship, visit www.discoveringdiversity.com.


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Our small simple gifts for all users of Google Play and fans of our Apps!
★ Plasticine countdown to Christmas or New Year; (You can setup one of several dates: Christmas, New Year or set yours date for countdown.);
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25 Absolutely Haunting Photos of Abandoned Places
Do you ever wonder what the world would look like if humans were gone? You don't have to imagine anymore. There are certain places - some have been fairly well-documented - which show exactly what that world would look like.
Famous monuments of historical significance are usually very well-preserved, but many lesser-known locations have been forgotten by people for many years, and are stunning in their own way.
Abandoned places can be both ghastly and charming at the same time. They become dusty, with cracks on the walls, full of shattered windows and with trees growing inside, or possibly underwater. But at one time, hundreds (or even possibly thousands) of residents were living and working there. It's both nostalgic and intriguing.
People are fascinated by castles, islands, and even entire cities where locals just picked up and left. Exploring long untouched places can be thrilling. Learn about history and feel the story behind these 25 fascinating, unusual structures.Dreamstime
Kolmanskop, Namibia
Kolmanskop was once the site of a diamond rush and a bustling city for German miners, according to Namibian.org. Eventually, it peaked and saw its decline after World War I when inhabitants left in search of new diamond deposits. Many of the buildings still stand, but much of the city has been claimed by sand. It gives off eerie vibes that attract curious souls - including ghost hunters - from all over the world.Shutterstock
Kayaköy, Turkey
This 'city' is Turkey's religious ghost town. Formerly known as Levissi (when the Greeks occupied it), Kayaköy was a flourishing community of around 10,000 inhabitants until the early 1920's, according to the BBC. After the massive bloodshed from the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), hundreds of thousands of Greeks fled the violence in Turkey. This led to a mutual compulsory population exchange in order to stop the bloodshed, and residents eventually abandoned Kayaköy.Dreamstime
Hashima Island, Japan
Hashima Island is one of more than 500 unpopulated islands in Nagasaki Prefecture, standing at 40 square miles in size. It was home to a major coal mining operation managed by Mitsubishi until 1974. It was actually one of the most densely populated places in world history with 83,500 people per square kilometer at its peak. The island is also known as "Battleship Island," named after its external appearance.Dreamstime
Buzludzha Monument, Buzludzha Peak, Bulgaria
If you look at this monument from afar, it looks like a space station. It's where the Battle of Shipka, one of the most significant in Bulgarian history, was fought. The monument was a movie location for the action thriller Mechanic: Resurrection, starring Jason Statham and Jessica Alba.Dreamstime
Christ of the Abyss, Italy
Flooded and then cemented to the sea floor of the Mediterranean over half a century ago, the underwater statue of Cristo degli Abissi is one of the most famous dive destinations in the entire country. It is found in the waters between Camogli and Portofino, and it commemorates the diver (and the first Italian to use scuba gear), Dario Gonzetti, who died during a dive near the spot in 1950.Shutterstock
SS Ayrfield Shipwreck, Sydney, Australia
This famous shipwreck is better known as the "floating forest." Many tourists and local photographers go to see the giant mangrove trees that are now growing in the over 100-year-old transport ship. Homebush Bay, located in the heart of Sydney, was designated a shipwreck yard in 1966. The SS Ayrfield, built in 1911 and deployed for wartime activities, was supposed to be dismantled in 1972, but the ship yard closed too soon.Dreamstime
Bannerman Castle, Fishkill, New York
This Scottish-style castle, set 50 miles north of New York City, was built by Francis Bannerman in 1901. He made his money by supplying military goods and used the castle as storage for arms and ammunition. After his death in 1918, construction stopped and the destruction of the castle began. An explosion and a fire took its toll. Visitors can explore the island and abandoned castle through guided tours.Shutterstock
Hirta Island, Scotland
Hirta was once home to a thriving community. Stone tools and Bronze Age quarry found on Mullach Sgar, a mountain on Hirta, suggest people had lived on the islands for at least two millennia, if not more, according to Atlas Obscura. The early 20th century saw a gradual erosion of the islanders' traditional ways of life, which included sheep farming, weaving, and fishing.iStock
Bodiam Castle, England
If you ever want a glimpse of medieval splendor, visit Bodiam Castle. It's surrounded by lavish green foliage which is famous in the region of East Sussex. The castle was built by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, who had once been a knight of Edward III, in in 1385, mainly with the intention of defending this area against the potentially invading armies of France during The Hundred Years War.Shutterstock
Miranda Castle, Celles, Belgium
The "Noisy Castle," which has been silent for a quarter of a century, was built in the 19th-century in a neo-Gothic style. It was in danger of being demolished after a severe storm in 2006 damaged the structure, according to The Weather Channel. Families used to go in the summer and German troops occupied it for a bit during World War Two. It was renamed the "noisy castle" after being turned into an orphanage from the 1950s to the 1970s. The castle was abandoned in 1991 after unsuccessful attempts to sell it and turn it into a hotel, and it was demolished in 2017.Shutterstock
The Maunsell Sea Forts, United Kingdom
The armed towers were built in the Thames and Mersey estuaries during World War II to help defend the U.K. Ultimately, all the sea forts were decommissioned by the late 1950s. People were once able to take a look inside, but nowadays organized tours are rare.Shutterstock
City Hall Subway Station, New York, New York
City Hall was the ceremonial terminal of the first subway project in New York, according to Columbia University. It has a sharply curved platform, a Guastavino tile arched ceiling, skylights (blackened in World War II), and plaques praising the work and those involved. It was in service from 1904 until 1945. The New York City Transit Museum holds tours occasionally, and you can also catch a quick glimpse by taking the 6 train downtown, and staying on it while it loops through the station back to the uptown track.Felix Lipov / Shutterstock.com
Valle dei Mulini, Italy
This old Italian mill was once a grain mill powered by spring waters. There were several flour mills, built from stone as far back as the 13th century. They ground all the types of wheat needed by locals, according to Atlas Obscura. After the milling of flour was largely shifted to nearby pasta mills, the sunken area became obsolete, and the buildings were closed and abandoned in the 1940s.Shutterstock
Great Train Graveyard, Bolivia
This junkyard is where many of Bolivia's locamotives were left to die. The train cemetery is just outside of the city of Uyuni, which is known for its stunning salt flats. Most of the engines and rail cars date back to the 19th century and were imported from Britain. Some locomotives, however, still look as if they have a few more trips in them, despite all the rust and holes.Shutterstock
Pripyat, Ukraine
This is probably one of the most famous abandoned places in the world. The Ukraine city of Pripyat was once home to over 49,000 residents, until it was evacuated and abandoned following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Although the area remains abandoned, it's been deemed safe to visit and some brave outfitters offer guided tours of the site.Shutterstock
Craco, Italy
The cliffside Italian town of Craco has been a ghost town since the final inhabitants abandoned the city in 1980. The town's sewer and water systems compromised the ground of the already earthquake-prone hills, causing unpredictable landslides. Visitors can still explore the town on a guided tour, and despite the danger, some movies have been filmed here, such as Quantum of Solace.Dreamstime
Ross Island, India
You can't help but feel as if you are in the Jungle Book movie when visiting this island. Ross Island was the former British administrative headquarters for the Andaman Islands. It was even once nicknamed the "Paris of the East." What remains are old houses, a church, a bazaar, several stores, a large swimming pool, and a small hospital. Visitors are welcome to visit, and there are a few brick walkways traversing the settlement.Shutterstock
Kilchurn Castle, Scotland
Kilchurn Castle was built in the mid-1400s but was abandoned in the 1700s, according to Visit Scotland. The castle comprised a five-story tower-house at one corner of an irregular-shaped courtyard. The tower house still stands substantially complete, overshadowing the rest of the complex. The castle is one of the most photographed structures in the country because of its dramatic situation - at the head of Loch Awe, with the peak of Ben Cruachan visible.Shutterstock
Spreepark, Berlin, Germany
With its rusting rides and a Ferris wheel turning idly in the wind, this eerie, defunct amusement park fascinates locals and tourists alike. It opened in 1969, and was the only park of its type in both East and West Berlin. The park eventually closed after the owner went bankrupt. The abandoned dinosaur attractions, Ferris wheels, and swan boats give a cold, creepy chill to anyone who dares enter the desolate park.Claire Carrion / Shutterstock.com
Nara Dreamland, Nara, Japan
Nara Dreamland opened in 1961, and has been closed since 2006. It was designed after Disneyland, and the entrance looks suspiciously similar to Sleeping Beauty's castle. The wooden rollercoaster is reminiscent the famous Cyclone coaster in New York's Coney Island amusement park. Nara Dreamland could not keep up after Universal Studio Japan opened in Osaka, and thus shut its doors, leaving behind eerie reminders of its storied past. Demolition on the park began in 2016. If you're looking for a fun place to go that's still open, check out these unique attractions at Disney theme parks around the world.Shutterstock


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Monday, 15 October 2012
Queen given dominion in hyperspace
http://www.maths.ox.ac.uk/naming_symmetries to name your own symmetrical object. 'Unlike bell towers, ocean liners and Olympic Parks this creation will stand the test of time because mathematical discoveries last forever,' Professor du Sautoy said: 'I hope this initiative will give the public a chance not only to get involved in mathematics but also to join The Queen in hyperspace to celebrate her Diamond Jubilee.' Symmetry is one of the most important concepts in science and underpins many parts of the natural world. Diamond gets its strength from the symmetry of the arrangement of Carbon atoms. The symmetry of a flower is key to attracting bees. Even the particles we're hunting for in the Large Hadron Collider in CERN are discovered because underlying symmetries tell us where to look. So the discovery of a new symmetrical object always has the potential for exciting new revelations. Naming mathematical shapes has a long history: The fives symmetrical shapes that make good dice are named after Plato: the Platonic solids. Symmetrical shapes like the classic football made from hexagons and pentagons are named after Archimedes: the Archimedean solids. But a strange symmetrical shape with more symmetries than there are atoms in the sun that lives in 196883 dimensional space, discovered in the 1970s, was so daunting it was named 'The Monster'. Oxford University has a very strong research team exploring the world of symmetry. Professor du Sautoy's new symmetrical object forges a link with one of the great mysterious in mathematics: solving equations called elliptic curves. Ever since the Ancient Greeks, mathematicians have been trying to find solutions to different equations. Fermat's Last Theorem, solved by Oxford mathematician Andrew Wiles, proved that equations that generalize Pythagoras's famous equation do not have solutions. Elliptic curves are the next great challenge. Reported on in The Times , the BBC Website , BBC TV , Wired Magazine
Posted by Marcus du Sautoy at 09:27 2 comments:
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Antique Silver Spoon Ring (Size S)
This beautiful ring has been re-purposed and hand crafted from an old silver plated spoon handle. This style of ring overlaps with the smaller end tucking under the ornate end of the spoon .
It is a size S (US 9.5) and it can be made one size bigger or smaller if needed. Please visit our ring sizing page to calculate your own ring size.
All of my rings are finished with a protective jewellers wax to maintain the polished sheen.
A bit of history - Spoon rings are thought to have originated in 16th century England and were made from spoons that servants had 'acquired' from their masters' homes. These were then crafted into engagement and wedding rings by those who could not afford the "real thing".
Today, spoon rings still represent the meaning of love that they once did.


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Circus Coloured Contacts
iD Lenses
Give your Halloween costume a real boost this year with these Circus crazy contact lenses and really give people a fright! These blue coloured contacts are from the iD Lenses freaky range that include many fantastic freaky contact lenses that will help inspire you to create some truly scary outfits this Halloween. Do not forget to take a look at the photos uploaded to our Facebook page for ideas.
iD Lenses will not likely disappoint if you are looking for some Halloween contact lenses to complete your outfit. Many of these crazy contact lens designs are also great for parties and nights our with friends. Make sure you take a look at all the iD Lenses images to get an idea of how these freaky contact lenses appear with your eye colour. If there is only one in eye image it is because the lens in completely opaque and should look the same in all eyes.
iD lenses feature a huge selection of coloured contacts and crazy contacts in many weird and freaky designs. iD Lenses are an innovative brand that is continuously increasing their range of contacts and coming up with inventive ways understand how their contacts will look in your eyes. iD Lenses come boxed with each lens supplied in a separate vial with full instructions on how to wear and get the most from the lenses. Please ensure you read the included instructions properly before wearing. iD Lenses are made in the UK complying with the EU Cosmetic Directive.
- Freaky Circus Crazy Contacts
- Includes a Pair of non prescription coloured contacts
- Use within 90 days of opening
- Maximum of 8 hours continuous wear
- Manufactured in the UK
- Water content: 38%
- Vial packaged in sterile buffered isotonic saline
- Manufactured in accordance with the EU Cosmetics Directive
- Produced under ISO International Standards quality control
- Soak in soft contact lens solution for 2 hours before use
Manufacturer Code: 74103
Our Stock Code: 74103


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Jan. 23, 2013 Reuters
MOSCOW (Reuters) - One of two jailed Pussy Riot members said she received death threats and complained of abuse at a prison colony where she is serving a two-year sentence for a punk protest against President Vladimir Putin in Moscow's main cathedral.
But Maria Alyokhina and fellow group member Nadezhda Tolokonnikova said they did not regret the protest, despite describing harsh prison conditions in interviews published on Wednesday by the opposition-leaning Novaya Gazeta newspaper.
Alyokhina, 24, who lost an appeal this month to have her sentence deferred to care for her five-year-old son, said she was transferred to solitary confinement in November after being threatened by inmates she suspects of acting on the orders of prison officials.
"(They said) if you stay in this unit - that's the end of you... Human rights are grossly violated here," said Alyokhina, who is being held at a penal colony in the Urals Mountains region of Perm.
"What is the most difficult thing? Coming to understand how this system works, how it creates a slave mentality," she said.
"Ignorance, cowardice, betrayal, denunciation is the norm."


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Personal computing discussed
Moderators: renee, farmpuma, just brew it!
BIF wrote:Is this a secret project, or can others play too?
(In other words, what is Frankie 2012 and where can I find out more?)
fuzzhead wrote:Never mind on the PM for the passkey. I just learned there was a r in TRFrankenbot. At least the TR still received the points. Putting about 30k+ for fRank!
BIF wrote:Oh I get it; Halloween, October, Frankenstein, Frankenbot, Frankie. Clever!
Would somebody please PM me a passkey? I'll set it up on my Windows 8 90-day Trial rig. It's doing nothing but sitting on a shelf at the moment anyway, and yet it should be good for all of October!
Question 1: Can I set up clients for both CPU and GPU simultaneously?
Question 2: I'm interested to see how much it warms up the home office but I also want to be sure I don't cause overheating problems if I'm running Folding in my home office while I'm at work or sleeping. Is it possible to set up a governor of some sort?
Question 3: Is there an FAQ that can answer newbie technical issues, such as questions 1 and 2 above? I'll self-educate as needed.
I'm using a Q6600 and an Asus P5KC motherboard. Win 8 64 bit and 8 GB RAM. I have a Radeon 53xx (I think). The whole rig is almost 7 years old except for the graphic card, which I think is about 3 or 4 years old.
BIF wrote:Well, if I keep my machines from going into sleep mode, I'll be able to put up 21,000 points per day for Frankie.
PhilipMcc wrote:Wish I had a GPU.
Donor TRFrankenbot
Team Grid Balance (2360)
Score 1722 (certificate)
Donor Rank 781647 of 1655087
WU 5 (certificate)
Date of last
work unit 2010-10-13 22:10:23
Active clients
(within 50 days) 0
Active clients
(within 7 days) 0
BIF wrote:Hmmm, I just saw this oddity. It wasn't there a few days ago, unless it just never occurred to me to scroll down. Looks like it was from 2010. <snip>
BIF wrote:"Old Man" is back up on windows 8 and is busy working on an SMP one with an ETA now of 1.3 days and another with 3.5 hours. The former will bring 4092 credits and the latter will add 1800 points. Compared to prior work units on this system, 1.3 DAYS (it started out six hours ago at 1.5 days) seems like a very long run for only 4K points.
BIF wrote:"Old Man" is back up on windows 8 and is busy working on an SMP one with an ETA now of 1.3 days and another a GPU work unit with an ETA 3.5 hours...
just brew it! wrote:Are you running with the passkey (to get the SMP early turn-in bonus)? If so, running two SMP units on the same system is likely to be counter-productive. On a reasonably fast machine, the bonuses can account for the bulk of the points awarded (provided the WUs are turned around quickly).
BIF wrote:Status update please. Who's still folding for Frankie?
My little "folding garden" (it's way too small to call it a "farm") has been going since Sunday afternoon. I estimate that I've put up probably 50,000 points since I started folding last week, but won't know for sure without analyzing my log files.
I'm probably going to hit "finish" soon and let both machines finish up their current work units and take a break for a few days.
It seems to me that both of my machines suddenly are working longer for fewer points. Last week I was bringing in 21,000 points per day but now that has fallen to 17,000 or so. Both machines are working a 2.5 days (24-ish hours more) on their respective SMP workunits, and for fewer points than last week. GPU work units seem to also take slightly longer but are returning roughly the same number of points as before.


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