text:
1. If you want to remember something, study it right before you go to sleep.
Sleep... plays an active role in consolidating memories. "Rather than being a passive state, it's a dynamic neurobiological process," said Dr. Jeffrey M. Ellenbogen, the lead researcher. "It turns out that the process of memory doesn't end when we stop studying, but continues during sleep. That's important to all of us."2. If you want to avoid the memory decline associated with old age, stop believing in that association:
"The implication is that some of the things we say about ourselves in conversation — joking about 'senior moments' is a perfect example — these kinds of comments may in fact undermine our own memory at the time we're saying them," Dr. Hummert said. "And the fear is that it has a cumulative effect, that it becomes a negative feedback cycle.On a larger issue, why are people so ready to say "I have a terrible memory." People who would never say, "I'm really not very intelligent," have no problem insulting their own memory. Quit doing that! It's probably making your memory worse. Try to memorize something at night before you go to sleep, following Tip #1, supra. Then, give yourself credit for your achievement, following my extension of Tip #2.
You won't forget to do this.


text:
Verizon Wireless has made telepresence robots more visible with its commercial featuring a student using one called the VGo to attend classes. But one of the gadgets that was attracting early attention at Macworld/iWorld 2013 in San Francisco is the Double, a telepresence robot that uses an iPad as its eyes and ears.
The device, from Double Robotics of Sunnyvale, uses a standard second or third generation iPad (sold separately) mounted atop a slim pole that itself is attached to self-balancing, motorized wheels at the bottom.
The 15-pound robot can be directed left, right, backward and forward from an iPhone, second iPad or a website from any location, as long as there's a Wi-Fi connection.
"The robot could be sitting in Germany or Turkey or Japan and I can be here in San Francisco and control it from here," said Double Robotic's Jay Liew as he demonstrated the device at the Moscone West Convention Center during a pre-show Innovation Showcase. "You can adjust the height so you can speak to someone at eye level even if they are sitting down."
The Double is designed to become the virtual you at staff meetings or in classrooms, or let you roll into the boss' office for a quick chat even if you're at home, Liew said. It provides more of a virtual presence than a stationary video conferencing setup.
There are other telepresence robots out there that use an iPad or tablet, but Double Robotics sought to design a simple, non-intimidating robot that could be used by average consumers, Liew said.
"We spent a lot of time just thinking about design, how to make this look cool and not intimidating," he said. "A lot of robots remind you of being in a hospital."
The company only launched in August, but already has 900 customers from 50 countries who have pre-ordered the $2,000 robot. The first ones are in production and should be delivered in about a month, he said.
Most of the customers are business who have workers in remote locations.
"They want to make sure their remote employees are part of the team and not just some virtual person far away," he said. "This way you can actually interact with the team and feel closer. So team cohesion is one of the biggest selling points."
And, he said, "if you've got aging parents and they're far away, you can really keep an eye on them to make sure they didn't fall down the stairs or something," he said.
Here's what the Double looks like in a company video:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How to unclog your showerhead while you sleep
When my wife and I first moved into our house, we had great water pressure. I always looked forward to my morning shower and sometimes even had trouble getting out of it to start the rest of the day.
But, we've been in our house for more than 15 years now. And while I haven't aged a bit (wink), our shower started showing its age a few years ago.
To unclog the showerhead and recapture our beloved water pressure, I used baking soda, vinegar and a plastic bag.
It's really easy! I love that this method is all natural, too, because it keeps toxic chemicals out of my shower and away from my curious terrier.
If this is a problem in your house, you may eventually have to replace your showerhead. But try this easy cleaning technique first. I bet it will do the trick.
Just remember, you're going to have to allow the mixture work its magic overnight, so don't start this process until you've already grabbed your post-workout shower.
Here's how:
1. Find a strong plastic bag that's large enough to fit around the showerhead. I used a medium-sized garbage bag, which worked well.
2. Mix 1/3 cup baking soda with 1 cup white vinegar in the bag. The baking soda will react with the vinegar, causing it to bubble, so I recommend mixing in the sink. This solution works because the acid in the vinegar reacts with the sodium bicarbonate in the baking soda to form carbonic acid, which is a strong cleaning agent.
3. Secure the bag over your dirty showerhead with a rubber band. Make sure that the head is completely covered in the solution.
4. Leave the bag on the showerhead overnight.
5. In the morning, wipe down the showerhead with water until the solution is gone. Let your water run for a minute or so before you step in the shower, then enjoy your revitalized shower pressure!
Allen Shulman is a veteran Colorado homebuilder, proud dad, and floor hockey enthusiast. He founded BrightNest, a Denver-based business that gives people the online tools, tips and motivation to keep their homes in great shape.


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Primary attribute calculations seem like they should be a pretty simple topic. So simple, in fact, that most players don't even think about how they're done. Most theorycrafters don't either until they try to write a spreadsheet that models a character and notice that their math doesn't work out.
I wonder how many times the following scenario has been re-enacted over the past few years:
Okay, my Paladin has 1455 base strength and 2378 strength from gear, for a total of 3833. With the 5% bonus for wearing plate armor, that should give me 3833\times 1.05=4024.7. The 5% stats raid buff should raise that to 3833\times 1.05\times 1.05=4225.9. My character sheet only gives an integer, so it should round that to 4226. Right?
Wait, what??
As it turns out, stat calculations are one of the more convoluted things in the game, and I suspect that (until now) few theorycrafters have modeled all the nuances with complete accuracy. Blizzard tosses a few floor() and round() functions into the mix at seemingly arbitrary places, which makes it tougher to reverse engineer. Over the past month or so, I've been collecting data from beta and working on determining exactly where and how the stat calculations are rounded.
This is a Theorycrafting 101 article because this process is a great example of the sort of thing I spoke about in part 1: starting with a basic model and adding complexity until all the details work. After we go over the formulas for calculating stats, we'll go step-by-step through the process I used to test and determine the formulas.
Primary Attribute Formulas
Here's how your character sheet attributes are calculated. First, we define some conditional values.
$\text{match} = \begin{cases}1.05 & \text{if armor matches class} \\ 1.00 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$
$\text{epicurean} = \begin{cases} 2 & \text{if pandaren} \\ 1 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$
$\text{alchemy} = \begin{cases} 2 & \text{if alchemist} \\ 1 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$
$\text{multiplier}$ is the total multiplier from buffs and other effects. So for example, if the only buff you have active is Blessing of Kings,
$\text{multiplier} = \begin{cases} 1.05 & \text{for STR/INT/AGI} \\ 1.00 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$
Similarly, Fortitude would be a $\text{multiplier}$ of 1.10, Guarded By The Light would give 1.25, and so on. Multiple effects are multiplicative, so a protection paladin with Fortitude active would have a stamina multiplier of $1.10\times 1.25=1.375$.
We then calculate the total base $B$ and gear $G$ contributions before multipliers:
$B = \text{race_base}+\text{class_base} + \text{heroic_presence} + \text{endurance}$
$\begin{align} G = \text{gear_stat} &+ \text{round}[~\text{food_stat}~] \times \text{epicurean} \\ &+ \text{round}[~\text{flask_stat}~] \\ &+ \text{round}[~\text{potion_stat}~] \\ &+ \text{round}[~\text{trinket_proc_stat}~] \end{align}$
And generate a "composite" value $C$ that incorporates the matching multiplier:
$C = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]+B\times \text{match}$
Finally, your character sheet mouseover tooltip reads:
Strength CS_Total ( CS_Base + CS_Bonus ),
$\text{CS_Total} = \text{floor}[~C \times \text{multiplier}~ ]$
$\text{CS_Base} = \text{floor}[ ~B \times \text{match}~ ]$
$\text{CS_Bonus} = \text{CS_Total} – \text{CS_Base}$
Building The Model
Now that we've got the math out of the way, let's see how we determined it. First of all, let's go back to our original example. If we log on to the beta PvP server and create a new level 100 Paladin, this is what we get:
As you can see, the character has 1455 base strength and 2378 "bonus" strength. Since we haven't chosen a spec yet, and we're completely unbuffed, these values should properly reflect our total base strength and strength from gear, respectively. We can double-check this, because Celestalon gave us the full list of base stats for each class ($\text{class_base}$)as well as the racial base stat modifiers ($\text{race_base}$). A human's $\text{race_base}=0$ and a paladin's $\text{class_base}=1455$, so it's quite clear that our character sheet's giving us the correct base value. Likewise, you could go through and add up all the strength on each piece of gear to confirm that the sum is 2378. Together, that makes the 3833 total given on the character sheet.
In other words, so far we've got the following skeletal formulas:
$B = \text{class_base}+\text{race_base}$
$G = \text{gear_stat}$
$\text{CS_Base} = B$
Those aren't final, of course – we're going to be adding to them and correcting them as we go.
This is also useful because it means when we go to test other classes, we can look at the unbuffed values before we chose a spec to grab our $B$ and $\text{gear_stat}$ values.
Adding Armor Skills
Now let's choose a spec. When we spec Retribution, we get the 5% increase to strength from the Armor Skills passive. Which gives us slightly different numbers:
The only thing we've changed is to add a multiplier of 1.05 thanks to the armor specialization passive. Yet, as you might have guessed from our earlier example, our new value is not just 1.05 times our un-specced value of 3833. $3833\times 1.05 = 4024.7$, yet our character sheet reads 4023! Let's see what's going on here.
First, let's consider the base value. We started with 1455, and $1455\times 1.05=1527.8$. The character sheet reads 1527, though, which tells us that the character sheet is taking the result of the calculation and applying a floor() function. In fact, this isn't much of a surprise – it's been known for a while that all of the values on the character sheet are floored rather than rounded. The game still uses the full-precision values when it does calculations though, so you don't have to worry about stat points being "wasted" due to rounding/flooring.
Similarly, the 2378 strength from gear has become 2496 bonus strength. If we check the math, $2378\times 1.05 = 2496.9$. So the bonus strength is also being floored, not rounded. Our total strength is just the sum of the two floored values, which tells us that some of this flooring is happening before it's displayed on the character sheet, otherwise we should have 4024 strength, as mentioned earlier. This is also useful information: since we know that the three character sheet values are linked through basic addition, we really only need to find correct formulas for two of them, and the third will fall into place automatically.
Now, none of this is really news. These details have been known for some time, since it's very easy to stumble across. But this is how someone, at some point, had to go about determining it.
So now we can update our skeleton formulas slightly to incorporate the new details:
$B = \text{class_base}+\text{race_base}$
$G = \text{gear_stat}$
$\text{CS_Base} = \text{floor}[ ~B \times \text{match}~]$
$\text{CS_Bonus}=\text{floor}[~ G\times \text{match}~]$
The trick here is that there's some ambiguity about those floor functions. For example, according to this, our $\text{CS_Total}$ could be expressed as:
$\text{CS_Total} = \text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~] + \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~],$
but in reality, we'd get the same result from either of the following formulas as well:
$\text{CS_Total} = \text{floor}[~\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~] + G\times \text{match}~]$
$\text{CS_Total} = \text{floor}[~B\times \text{match} + \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]~]$
So we don't really know which is correct yet. The one thing we can rule out is having no floors.
Incorporating Multipliers
Now let's apply Blessing of Kings to see how that interacts with these formulas:
Our first guess might have been that Kings would work the same way as the matching multiplier. In other words, our character sheet base should be $1455\times 1.05\times 1.05=1604.1$, or 1604. But it's clear that's not how it works, because our base value hasn't changed – it's still 1527. Likewise, if we treat the bonus strength contribution the same way, we'd get $2378\times 1.05\times 1.05 = 2621.7$, which is far too low. Something else is happening here.
If we naively take our total strength before Kings (4023) and multiply by the Kings modifier, we get $4023\times 1.05=4224.2$, which is exactly right after applying a floor function. Interesting! This actually gives us a hint as to how to proceed, but I'm going to blithely ignore it for instructional purposes.
That detail does make it pretty clear that base strength is affected by Kings, though. But the game's accounting adds that extra strength to the green bonus strength value rather than the white base strength value in the tooltips.
For the moment, let's go with our earlier (and unstated) assumption that the game calculates things the way we have, such that "base" and "bonus" strength are calculated independently and then summed to get the total. We'll find out shortly if this is a good assumption or not. The bonus strength value is then, roughly speaking,
$G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier} + B\times \text{match}\times (\text{multiplier}-1)$
with the caveat that there may be some floors going on in there. We can turn that "may" into a "must" by checking the math:
$2378\times 1.05 \times 1.05 + 1455\times 1.05\times 0.05 = 2698.1$
which should give us a bonus strength value of 2698, not 2697. So we know that in order for this formulation to be correct, there has to be a floor happening somewhere before we get to the value that the game floors to show on the character sheet. We can also rule out any uses of round() here, because that would always give 2698.
This is the same ambiguity I spoke of earlier – we knew that the character sheet values were being floored, but we weren't 100% sure where. Including the Kings multiplier here has clarified that there needs to be at least one extra floor() floating around in our hypothetical formula, but doesn't tell us exactly where. So we have to try them all, and see if we can rule any of them out.
There are four logical scenarios that use only one floor (in addition to the final floor used to display the value on the character sheet). They are:
$F1=\text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]\times \text{multiplier} + B\times \text{match}\times (\text{multiplier}-1)$
$F2=\text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}~] + B\times \text{match}\times (\text{multiplier}-1)$
$F3=G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier} + \text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~]\times (\text{multiplier}-1)$
$F4=G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier} + \text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}\times (\text{multiplier}-1)~]$
If we put our data into this, with $G=2378$, $B=1455$, $\text{match}=1.05$, and $\text{multiplier}=1.05$, they give us the following results:
This rules out $F3$, because the final floor() on the character sheet would leave that as 2698, which is wrong. But this test can't distinguish between $F1$, $F2$, and $F4$. Any of those could still be correct. Unfortunately, that's all the information we can extract from our premade Ret paladin.
We learn a little more if we swap specs to protection. In protection spec, we get a 5% increase to stamina from the Armor Skills passive along with the 25% increase to stamina from Guarded By The Light. Starting with $B=890$ base stamina and $G=3250$ from gear, and using $\text{multiplier}=1.25$, the formulas give us:
And looking at the character sheet….
Uh oh. The only one that worked was $F3$, which we've already ruled out with our ret paladin. So this tells us that none of those formulas are correct. And increasing the number of floors doesn't help, because it just makes the values even smaller, which won't satisfy the protection data. For example,
$F5=\text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}\times \text{mult}~]+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~]\times (\text{mult}-1) = 4498.50$
Still no dice. We can't add round functions either, because then the ret data isn't satisfied. As it turns out, we're going about this the wrong way. Our original hypothesis – that the game calculate the base and bonus values individually and sums them to get the total – has to be false.
This isn't really news, because theorycrafters have been using an alternative formulation for years. But it's a good example of coming up with a hypothesis, testing it, and ultimately ruling it out, which is something that happens all the time in theorycrafting. Now that we've done so, let's see if we have more luck with another hypothesis.
A Change Of Approach
The traditional approach goes something like this: rather than trying to calculate base and bonus strength individually, let's try deriving correct formulas for the base and total values. Then the bonus value will be determined using basic subtraction. As we'll see, this approach is much more successful.
Just as we did for bonus strength, we'll construct formulas for total strength using $B$, $G$, $\text{match}$, and $\text{multiplier}$. We also know there has to be at least one floor in there somewhere based on our armor matching modifier test.
There are six obvious ways to do this using one or two floor functions:
$T1 = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]\times \text{multiplier}+B\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}$
$T2 = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}~]+B\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}$
$T3 = G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~]\times \text{multiplier}$
$T4 = G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}~]$
$T5 = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]\times \text{multiplier}+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~]\times \text{multiplier}$
$T6 = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}~]+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}~]$
We could also come up with two more methods using two floors, but they would require that we be flooring before the $\text{multiplier}$ in one term but not in the other, which seems unlikely. If none of these hold up, we'll revisit that idea.
Plugging in our ret paladin stats of $G=2378$, $B=1455$, $\text{match}=1.05$, and $\text{multiplier}=1.05$, we get the following results:
So right out of the gate, we can cross off four of the formulas (2, 3, 4, and 6). Only $T1$ and $T5$ give a value consistent with the character sheet. And there's something notable about those two formulas: we can factor out $\text{multiplier}$ in each of them:
$ T1 = \left (~ \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]+B\times \text{match}~ \right )\times \text{multiplier}$
$T5 = \left (~ \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]+\text{floor}[~B\times \text{match}~] ~ \right ) \times \text{multiplier}$
that observation will come in handy later. For now, we need to figure out which one of these two formulas correct.
It's worth noting that $T5$ is what's frequently been used for calculating base stats in most theorycrafting works. This is what Simulationcraft has been using throughout MoP, for example. It's pretty close, and generally gives you answers that are correct.
But as we noticed while working on the WoD code, on some rare occasions, it's off by one. You can see why, as well: Let's say that $B=919$. Then $B\times \text{multiplier}=964.95$. If we just multiply by $\text{multiplier}$ like we do in formula $T1$, we'd get a subtotal of 1013.20. But if we floor that 964.95 before multiplying, we get 1012.20. The two formulas would give answers that differ by one, with $T1$ giving a slightly higher value than $T5$.
So to test this discrepancy, we need to find a character with just the right amount of stat bonus. This gets easier the higher $\text{multiplier}$ is, so let's try with our prot paladin, whose $\text{multiplier}=1.3750$ for stamina once we apply the 10% stamina buff. Again using $B=890$, $G=3250$, and our $\text{match}=1.05$, we get:
Demonstrating the "off-by-one" error. And what does the character sheet say?
We've already shown earlier that this value has to be floored rather than rounded, so this removes any ambiguity. $T1$ is the only formula that's still standing. We now know conclusively how our total stats are calculated, at least so far.
Since we can factor the $\text{multiplier}$ out, it makes some sense to define a "composite" subtotal $C$ to make the math a little easier. In other words, we define it such that
$C = \text{floor}[~G\times \text{match}~]+B\times \text{match}$,
and then our character sheet base and total values are just
$\text{CS_Base} = \text{floor}[~ B\times \text{match}~]$
$\text{CS_Total} = \text{floor}[~C\times \text{multiplier}~]$
And of course, $\text{CS_Bonus} = \text{CS_Total}-\text{CS_Base}$. This gives you the bulk of the formulation provided in the beginning of this post.
The Nitty-Gritty Details
We're not finished yet, though. Because even after this, we were able to observe some odd off-by-one errors due to certain special effects. For example, how are flat stat-bonus buffs like potions, trinket procs, flasks, and food incorporated into this? What about racial effects like Endurance, Heroic Presence, and Epicurean? So I set out to do some more testing.
Endurance was the easiest to test. Consulting our handy tables, all of the classes have 890 base stamina, and taurens get a racial modifier of +1. So before we choose a spec, our tauren paladin test subject (lovingly named Testbeef) should have 891 stamina. Instead…
Endurance gives 197.055 stamina at level 100. The tooltip is, as usual, floored, but we can get an exact value directly from the spell data using Simulationcraft's
spell_query tool:
It's clear from this that Endurance is being counted as base stamina by the game (890+1+197 = 1088). In other words, we can update our formula for $B$:
$B = \text{race_base}+\text{class_base}+\text{endurance}$
And it's fairly simple to confirm that all of the other formulas work out to accurate values as given.
Next up is Heroic Presence, so we create a draenei paladin. It isn't hard to determine how this works:
The tooltip for Heroic Presence reads 65, but spell_query reveals that the actual value is 65.25. Draenei get a 1-point racial strength modifier, so it's pretty clear that our base strength is just 1455+1+65=1521, meaning that Heroic Presence is also added into $B$:
$B = \text{race_base}+\text{class_base}+\text{endurance}+\text{heroic_presence}$
There's one caveat here, which is that we can't know for sure from this data whether Endurance or Heroic Presence are being floored before they're added to $B$. Both of them have low enough decimal values that it would be unlikely to matter and difficult to test. Heroic Presence's value was 130.5 several beta builds ago, and I was able to confirm that it isn't being rounded (though that was unlikely anyway). But I couldn't rule out a floor(). To do so now, we'd need modifiers such that $0.25\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier} > 1$ to test Heroic Presence (or $0.055\times \text{match}\times \text{multiplier}>1$ for Endurance), which we don't have. So it probably doesn't matter very much, but it's worth noting in case we find a situation where we can explicitly test that.
Epicurean was the most interesting test, because first we had to figure out how stat buffs worked. For example, is the amount of stat given by food floored or rounded? It turns out that by being clever, we can test both at once.
First, we searched through to find some foods that would be useful to us. The two we ended up using were Serpent Brew of Serenity and Hearty Elekk Steak. Serpent Brew has an intellect bonus of 24 according to the buff it grants. However, if we check the spell data…
… it apparently gives a buff of 23.816 intellect. Which is a strong case for flat stat bonus buffs being rounded, not floored, and making them the exception to just about everything else. We can double-check this by rolling a level 100 monk, using Zen Pilgrimage to visit Master Chang at the Peak of Serenity, and testing this:
This tells us that the buff is definitely rounded, not floored. Because there are only two ways to get 48 intellect from a 23.816-intellect buff on a pandaren, and neither of them involve a floor:
$F1 = \text{round}[~\text{food_stat}\times 2~]$
$F2 = \text{round}[~\text{food_stat}~]\times 2$
To figure out which one we have, we employ the new Hearty Elekk Steak, which is conveniently available from Savage Flaskataur, Esq. in Stormwind or Orgrimmar. This food is almost magical, in that the spell data says it grants a 187.49999 stamina buff. Even
spell_query rounds this to 187.5, which led to a little confusion until we sussed out the issue. But what it means for us is that if $F1$ is correct, we'll see a buff that's 375 stamina on our pandaren, but if formula $F2$ is correct it will only be 374. And what is it?
So apparently, food buffs are rounded, and Epicurean is applied after the rounding occurs. It's also fairly easy to test that these are affected by $\text{match}$ and $\text{multiplier}$ just like gear contributions are, so we can fold this directly into our definition of $G$:
$G = \text{gear_stat} + \text{round}[~\text{food_stat}~] \times \text{epicurean}$
Testing the others follows a similar process. Spell data tells us that a Flask of the Earth adds 170.926 stamina, but in-game both the tooltip and character sheet show that it grants 171 stamina. So flasks are clearly rounded as well. The Alchemy profession buff has already been turned off, so we can safely ignore that. A Potion of Mogu Power grants 455.793 strength according to spell data, but shows up as 456 in-game, suggesting that potions are also rounded. Testing with a few different trinket procs also showed that they were all rounded, not floored.
The one thing we haven't shown yet is whether these effects are rounded individually or after-the-fact. The Epicurean data strongly suggests each is rounded independently, but a more rigorous test would be nice. To do so, we need a pair of buffs that give a different value when rounded separately than together – e.g. both ending in 0.5 or greater, or both ending between 0.25 and 0.49.
Digging through the spell data, we come up with Beer Basted Crocolisk, which grants 35.724 strength and stamina, and Flask of Steelskin, which grants 178.62 stamina. If we use both items, we should get 215 stamina if each is rounded individually, but only 214 stamina if they're rounded after being added together. A few unlucky crocolisks later, we have our confirmation:
This is the last piece of the puzzle, and finishes confirming the equations given in the beginning of this post.
Closing Thoughts
You can see that we've done a pretty exhaustive job of testing edge cases to make sure our formula for base stats works correctly in all circumstances. If we were content to be accurate to within one point of stat, we could have stopped very early on. But it was important to me that the stats Simulationcraft spits out match your character sheet all the time. Ultimately that lack of accuracy reflects poorly on the sim, even if "off-by-one" errors have no significant effect on the overall simulation results.
And as you've now seen, trying to cover all of those edge cases often takes some careful thought about what those cases are and how you can test them. Often it means ruling out all but one hypothesis, and sometimes you need very specific items or gear combinations to distinguish between different hypotheses. Most combinations of food+flask wouldn't reveal the difference between the two rounding schemes proposed, we had to seek out a very specific pair based on the numerical constraints of the problem.
But that's the sort of work theorycrafters do – wading through the minutiae to build models that are as accurate as possible. And sometimes, even an "easy" task like calculating player attributes ends up having a ton of details that you never thought about before.


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Swiss Alps
- Overview
- Attractions
- Climate
- Bernese Oberland
- Swiss Alps
Davos Travel Guide
Davos © Robert J Heath
Davos was one of the first ski resorts to be created and is the largest in Switzerland, an alpine city with major thoroughfares and hotel blocks lining the streets. Despite its lack of character, Davos is a premier European holiday resort, offering not only accommodation with a reputation for excellence, an endless array of winter and summer recreational activities, crisp mountain air and a health spa.
The five separate ski areas ensure a superb variety of skiing and snowboarding for all abilities. Nearby is the little sister resort of Klosters, a small traditional village with a quiet and unobtrusive atmosphere that shares the large Parsenn ski area.
The best-known and largest area in Davos is the Parsenn, offering intermediates and beginners miles of wide slopes that are ideal for smooth cruising. There are also advanced runs, steep drops and moguls that appeal to experienced skiers. Opposite the Parsenn, Jakobshorn, or the 'Fun Mountain', is the second largest area in Davos and has become one of the top snowboarding destinations in the world. Davos also boasts the second largest cross-country ski area in Switzerland, with miles of groomed trails available.
Being a 'mega-resort' in comparison to the usual village-centred ski destinations in the Alps, a Davos holiday also offers mega shopping opportunities, with more than 100 shops, art galleries and boutiques ready and waiting to swipe eager visitors' credit cards in exchange for a plethora of goods, from tinkling cow bells to designer label clothing. It takes hours to explore all the shops clustered mainly along the two main streets around the Davos Platz.
There are scores of restaurants in the greater Davos/Klosters area offering a vast selection to suit every taste and pocket. When it comes to haute cuisine the best are located in the major hotels, but for cosy après ski evenings use the funiculars and cableways and head for a mountain restaurant to sample homegrown local delights. Around the Davos Platz there is an international selection including Italian, American, Mexican, Indian, Chinese and Thai at reasonable prices. Of course the Swiss are best known for the fondue, which is on offer everywhere but particularly recommended at the Bistro Gentiana. The more upmarket restaurants require advance booking, and many Davos establishments close their kitchens early, around 10pm.
Most visitors on a Davos holiday turn in fairly early to ensure an early morning on the ski slopes, but those who want to burn the midnight oil won't be disappointed. There are close on 20 discos and nightclubs in the area offering live entertainment and dancing, and a casino in the Hotel Europa, but the focus of the bright lights is on the Davos Platz. The all-night Express Bar heats up after 3am and closes at 7am. There are also several late-night pubs and bars, some with pool tables. Young snowboarders tend to congregate at the bars at the foot of Jakobshorn.
If you can do it on the snow or ice, you can do it in Davos, particularly skiing of course, from beginners to advanced, with some notorious off-piste adventures thrown in. Davos is also one of Europe's most popular snowboarding venues. There are several funparks for boarders, particularly at Jakobshorn. Tobogganing, sledding, sleigh rides and skating events on the largest open-air ice rink in Europe are also popular holiday pastimes. Some worthwhile excursions are a trip through the high Alps to the famous spa of Scuol, or visit St Moritz (90 minutes away). Snowmobiling, snow-shoeing, ice-climbing, hang-gliding and paragliding are on offer, as are numerous indoor sports like tennis, golf and squash, and there is an indoor pool.
The slopes in Davos are better suited to beginners and intermediates. Advances skiers looking for some excitement on the slopes should best head elsewhere.


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When Q! got married he lost the ! and became Q. Hopefully Sale doesn't follow Quentin.
January 23, 2012
Jim Callis comments on Jared Mitchell, Trayce Thompson and Keenyn Walker
Q: Jared Mitchell, Trayce Thompson and Keenyn Walker are all raw, toolsy White Sox draft choices, and all have had their problems making contact in the minors. Who's most likely to have a productive major league career, and how would you rank them defensively?
A: The White Sox spend less on the draft than any team, but they invested $1.2 million in Mitchell as a 2009 first-round pick and gave rare (for them) above-slot bonuses to Thompson ($625,000 in the second round in 2009) and Walker ($795,000 in the sandwich round last year). All three are high-risk, high-reward prospects and their inability to make consistent contact could cause them all to go bust rather than boom.
Thompson is the best bet to be a useful big leaguer, because he has the broadest base of tools. He may always strike out and never hit for a high average, but he has a lot more power potential than Mitchell or Walker. Thompson is an average runner with good instincts on the bases and in center field, and he has enough arm strength to be a legitimate right fielder.
Walker has the speed to make an impact on the bases and in center field, but he's going to have to make significant strides with his on-base ability. Mitchell, who won national titles in baseball and football (as a wide receiver) at Louisiana State, is the best all-around athlete of the trio. But he hasn't been the same player since he tore a tendon in his left ankle when he ran into an outfield fence in the spring of 2010.
Walker is the best defender of the three, followed by Mitchell and Thompson in that order. None of them is the top defensive outfielder in Chicago's system, however. That distinction belongs to Jordan Danks.


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Sustainability is a delicate balance of dynamic systems
Advanced Energy & Material Systems Laboratory
Director: Professor Susan Krumdieck
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Canterbury
Christchurch, New Zealand
Research, Innovation, Education, Transition Engineering
The AEMSLab is an interdisciplinary research group in the College of Engineering, University of Canterbury. Students and staff work with industry, government, and communities on transition to resilient and environmentally integrated systems. Systems-level engineering research is urgently needed to provide near and long-term solutions for communities, organizations and business.
Books by Prof. Krumdieck
Transition Engineering; Building a Sustainable Future (2019) CRC Press
The tools and approach for transition engineering of energy systems are presented in a recent technical reference book from CRC. Principles of Sustainable Energy Systems 2nd Edition(2014)
Transition Engineering in Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming (2016) pages 647-706
Principles of Sustainable Energy Systems 3rd Edition (2018)
Transition Engineering
Let's be clear - the world cannot "technology our way out" when it comes to the existential problems of global warming, resource scarcity, social inequity and economics that drive the tragedy of the commons. There is no time to "discover new sustainable technologies" that will substitute for unsustainable systems. If you are an engineer who is working on sustainable technologies, if you are a student wanting to change the world, if you are a researcher who has already spent decades on the politically correct miracle technologies - then I invite you to look up. Join the Transition Engineering movement. You need to learn about behaviours, cultures, resource extraction, environment. You need to have expertise in energy an material systems, but you also have to know policy and economics. There are enough people working on hydrogen, carbon capture and storage, biofuels, electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines. The next giant wave of radically creative and ingenious engineering work is HOW to CHANGE the things that are useful and economic, but are the foundations of unsustainability.
Complex problems require systems engineering of technologies and infrastructure in the context of often competing economic, social, and environmental factors. This can often involve the development of renewable energy or clean technologies. However, real transition projects for companies or communities require a systems engineering approach, creativity and innovation.
- Projects that address the risks of un-sustainability
- Transition re-development of urban form
- Urgent and significant fossil CO2 emissions reduction
- Reduction in energy and material intensity of the economy
- Strategic analysis of complex systems
- Post peak oil, carbon constrained Transportation Systems
- Long-range future transition planning
- Geothermal Energy
- Climate Change Workshop: Ideas Beyond Targets
- Energy Engineering for remote sustainable communities
- Transition re-development of existing commercial buildings
- Transition re-development of existing residential built environment
Advanced Materials
Active or protective ceramic coatings on complex shaped objects. The AEMSLab has been developing a new approach to processing thin film materials and coatings that is a radical departure from conventional methods, and yet is the same. The idea arose out of the quandary of what the conventional approach could not do, yet what physics would allow. This transition of chemical vapour deposition processing is the main thrust of our research. Using the novel approach of eliminating the carrier gas and using pulsed injections to create pressure spikes, we have also developed new types of old materials that have interesting properties.
- Race to the Finish - antimicrobial TiO2 advanced nanostructure coating on stainless steel
- Coating Process Development and Reactor Engineering
- Fundamental Science of pulsed pressure thermodynamics, mass transport and heat transfer
- New Coating Materials VIDEO
PhD Students Minni and Johann and Professor Krumdieck in the AEMSLab
A useful resource for understanding Chemical Vapor Deposition Technology and Processing has a chapter contributed by Prof. Krumdieck
Chemical Vapor Deposition: Precursors, Processes and Applications (2008), A.Jones and M. Hitchman Eds., Chapter 2 Reactors and Delivery System Technology (2008)
The Big Ideas Videos NEW You Tube channel with professionally made videos of the key vision-shifting ideas behind the Transition Engineering movement.
Time is Running Out Radio New Zealand interview on Transition Engineering
Transition Engineering "We must take action on climate change" - What will we actually do and who will do it? This video is an invited lecture at the 3rd Science for Energy Scenarios seminar in Les Houches, France. The theme of the seminar was Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) and how this analysis informs future scenarios. This presentation has an example of an energy transition project being undertaken with students at Grenoble.
What is the Ultimate Challenge? Prof Krumdieck was asked to give a lecture to the Leadership NZ workshop that would challenge them and generate discussion for a weekend.
Podcast on People Behind the Science, a website in the USA with focus on the life journey of people who become researchers.
Interview on Transition Engineering Saturday Morning with Kim Hill on Radio New Zealand National, 12 April 9:08am
Podcast on Transition Engineering and Green Energy Faith-Based Technology
Podcast on Transition Engineering - Ideas Beyond Targets on Forethought
Challenging the Status Quo Dr. Krumdieck was asked to challenge a group of business leaders in New Zealand. The presentation is available on You-tube. The business leaders report being both challenged and motivated. When is change essential to business success? When your investments right now are well informed by the realities of the forward operating environment!
Interview on Climate Change and Risks Nine to Noon on Radio New Zealand National, 1 July 9:42 am
Presentation at International Energy Seminar Prof Krumdieck was invited to France for a week-long think tank about the future of energy. The Energy Shift Project organized a group of experts to discuss what future scenarios tell us. She wraps it up here in this video, focused on EROI.
Presentation to Belgian Parliament Dr. Krumdieck was invited to Europe to present the AEMSLab research on transition of urban forms to deal with oil supply vulnerability. The presentation to the Walloon Parliament in Namur, Belgium is available here to watch. She was also interviewed by documentary makers and participated in the ASPO9 conference.
EuroVision News A reporter from EuroVision arranged for an interview with Prof Krumdieck on the integration of renewable electricity into the power grid.
The Futurist An article on Transition Engineering was published in the magazine published by the World Future Society. Prof Krumdieck, Michael Dale and Kerry King also gave a workshop.
Wise Response
Professor Krumdieck joins 100 prominent New Zealand scientists, engineers, doctors and experts in signing a petition to the government asking them to address critical risks faced by the people, environment and economy of our country previously known as clean and green. The launch of the Wise Response Appeal .
National Conference: Signs of Change, 15-16 November 2010
New Zealand's first national "no travel" conference was a huge success! You can watch videos of the 10 minute presentations on YouTube. Follow the conference discussion on the blog. There will be a documentary produced shortly about the conference and the topic of emerging sustainability. There will also be a book published next year which uses some of the conference presentations as examples.
Watch the new documentary about the Signs of Change HERE.
The Institute of Engineering and Technology selected Dr. Krumdieck as the Prestige Lecturer for 2010. You can watch the lecture HERE. Dr. Krumdieck was also invited to present a lecture on Transition Engineering to the Institute of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) in London September 2011. You can watch this 50 minute presentation HERE.
Transportation Self Evaluation
Find out your car dependence and your risk exposure to fuel price increase. The web program helps you do an "Energy Audit" of your transportation. You don't have to know anything other than your normal schedule, what type of car you drive, where you live, and where you go. The TACA program uses Google Map so all you have to do is fill out a diary with your weekly schedule, and then click on the location in the map. TACA calculates your distance travelled and fuel used. You can then explore what would happen if you changed some of the trips, used a more efficient car, or rode a bike. Over 1000 people have done the TACA Transport Audit so far. We have written a report that shows how people in Chrsitchurch, Oamaru and Dundein travel and how adaptable they are to fuel shocks.
From the Ground Up: Rebuilding Christchurch as a Sustainable City
Phase 2: High Street at the Uni Pre-Feasibility Study
Student and Volunteer Project Summer 2013-14
Over the summer a group of students, experts and volunteers from the university, businesses and NGO's will work to develop the base data that designers and the community will need for a college town re-development in Riccarton. The objective is to carry out the infrastructure, economic, market and geographic investigations so that the University high street reaches the "invest-able, design-able and consent-able" stage. Open working meetings are at 5:00pm every Thursday in E13 at the University of Canterbury
Phase 1: Transition through Rebuild
What if you took a 250 year perspective on the development and adaptation of your home city? What if you listened to the intention of tens of thousands of your neighbours in their desire for a sustainable city? What if you took an engineering approach, researched and applied all of the state-of-the-art knowledge from around the world, and the analytical tools of the trade? What if you checked every option and idea with the lens of social responsibility, economic viability, and technical feasibility? You might get a very interesting vision of the possibilities. More importantly, you would understand that the city does not need to sprawl. You would understand that affordable housing is a development choice, not an impossible dream. You would understand that car dominated cities can be re-developed for the transition to a carbon-constrained and oil-constrained future. And most importantly, we will not tell you about Denmark or the UK. We did this project on the streets of Christchurch, and it is an amazing view.
For more information, please see: Rebuilding Christchurch as a Sustainable City
Painting courtesy of Kyan Krumdieck


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You Like The Same Music As The Prime Minister
They say that you know you're getting older when the policemen start looking younger. Or as I will no doubt be putting it at some point: You know you're over 40 when… the policemen start looking younger. And the doctors. And teachers. In fact, just about anyone in a position of authority.
Similarly, when you're in your 40s, the Prime Ministers also start getting younger (as well as pluralised: the only thing worse than a Prime Minister getting younger? ALL the Prime Ministers getting younger). Yes, once you're over 40, your leader is now statistically more likely to be the same age as you. Or at least the age gap between you is lessening. There was quite a gulf between me and Mrs Thatcher, for example – I was eight when she became Prime Minister, and as a result, I couldn't relate to her very well. Chiefly because she wasn't by all accounts a 'pony person'.
But now? Now, I am 42 and our Prime Minister is 46. So I really shouldn't be all that surprised that he and I share similar musical tastes. Although naturally I was surprised, and by 'surprised' I do of course mean 'filled with a sense of disappointment bordering on horror'.
I imagine it was different in The Old Days. I doubt it was much of a surprise/disappointment/feeling bordering on horror – or quite such an indicator of the ageing process – to like the same music as the Prime Minister in, say, the 18th century. Back then, everyone listened to Music From The Old Days – or as it is known in some circles, 'classical' music – so your only sense of connection (or sign of age) would presumably come from liking the same classical music as the Prime Minister. I hear, for example, that Pitt the Younger was a sucker for a bit of Scarlatti.
That said, I'm sure that all our modern Prime Ministers have enjoyed classical music, too. Posh people tend to. And, modern or not, all British Prime Ministers are posh.
But back to current times – where the only thing worse than liking the same music as the Prime Minister is that the Prime Minister in question is David Cameron. Being reminded once again that I am now at an age where I could be ruling the country, but am instead mainly writing blog posts and watching cat videos, is galling enough. But, as a lily-livered, bleeding-heart, liberal egghead communist, learning that I share these tastes with Cameron is the icing on the cake that the Tories think the peasants should eat (while sitting in front of their massive TVs).
It's only appropriate that I discovered this horrifying news through the most horrifying of channels, of course. The Daily Mail. It was this article which revealed Cameron's musical tastes (and penchant for making pancakes of a weekend), and the first name that leapt out at me was First Aid Kit.
First Aid Kit are a wonderful duo who sound like they were born a) in the Sixties and b) in California, despite being a) in their 20s and b) from Stockholm. And I'll be frank: the only thing more irksome than discovering that the Camerons like them (Sam is particularly keen, apparently) is guessing that they're fans in exactly the same way that I am. I've listened to one First Aid Kit song over and over again, and their album a few times, but I've never checked out their full back catalogue or seen them live. I just know the Camerons are fans in this way too, ie. barely fans at all. I can't even rise above them on this front.
But if the First Aid Kit revelation was a blow, the following extract was the knockout:
"Mr Cameron revealed his musical 'guilty pleasure' was listening to Bruce Springsteen.
Mrs Cameron 'doesn't like The Boss' so he can only listen to him when she is away.
In 1985 he queued for hours to see Springsteen in France in 'one of those concerts that went on for four hours.
'That was my guilty pleasure. I queued for hours and I was right at the front and I just thought he was fantastic.
'So, when Samantha is not around there is a little bit of Dancing in the Dark or something like that, or, Born in the USA, so that is my guilty…but actually I like his stuff like Nebraska and all the rather grim dark stuff, so that is my guilty pleasure I suppose.'"
As readers of this blog will know, I adore Bruce Springsteen. The man, the music, the person whose track Wrecking Ball has been covered so spectacularly by Miley Cyrus that it sounds like a completely different song. And so my thought process on reading the passage above went something like this:
1. David Cameron likes Bruce Springsteen. This is awful. Bruce is far too amazing to be appreciated by David Cameron.
2. David Cameron likes Bruce Springsteen. This is good. Bruce is amazing, and I'd like everyone to know and appreciate his music.
3. Except perhaps David Cameron.
4. Samantha Cameron doesn't like Bruce Springsteen. Good. This gives me one more legitimate reason not to like the Camerons.
5. David Cameron thinks that liking Bruce Springsteen is a "guilty pleasure". Good. This means I can go back to hating David Cameron again, and the world is in its rightful state once more.
Yes, with Cameron's stupid, falsely self-deprecating statement – "that is my guilty pleasure" – balance was once again restored in the universe. To like a musician so much that you queue for hours to see him but at the same time be unable to wear your love for that music with pride – to feel that you can't be seen to enjoy it without a veil of irony – is bad enough. But to do this about Bruce Springsteen, a man with more talent, smarts and empathy in his guitar-picking finger than Cameron has in his pancake-eating body, is staggering. And yet, of course, not. This is David Cameron.
May I suggest, Prime Minister, that the only thing you should feel guilty about is that, while listening to "that grim, dark stuff" of Springsteen's, you don't seem to understand its message (here are two handy links for you). Perhaps if you did, you wouldn't dumb it down as a guilty pleasure – and, slightly more importantly, you wouldn't be so inclined to push through policies that hit the poorest and most vulnerable in our society. If you want to feel guilty about something, may I suggest that it's that – and not listening to 'Nebraska'? Just a thought. Now, back to First Aid Kit: I've got an entire back catalogue to work through…


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FREE Shipping Within The US Code: HEALTHYSHIP and FREE Pick-Up With Code: HEALTHYPICKUP
Sold Out $21.00
Laramie is a bouncy, semi-woolen spun worsted weight yarn. This yarn is terrific for squishy sweaters and warm accessories. The kettle dye effect on each skein makes them unique and full of life. Dye lots vary in this yarn so please give us a call if you need more than one skein before you place your order.
Weight: Worsted
Yardage: 196 yards
Fiber: 100% Wyoming Grown wool
Recommended Needle Size: US7-9
Care: Hand wash, Lay Flat to Dry


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Drawing inspiration from her life as a teenager in New York during the gypsy era, Tory Burch launched her own brand in 2004. Incorporating the bohemian culture of the '60s, the Tory Burch clothing line is noted for its cool prints, vibrant colors and eclectic details.
The brand offers a variety of accessories, shoes, apparel, and sportswear, as well as beauty products and fragrances. Each of these products exude the chic, effortless and free-spirited vibe of the modern woman. Bold colors, use of high-quality fabrics and unique designs are some of the highlights of the label's fashion lines. Stay modern and look cool with Tory Burch necklaces, sweaters, bags, swimsuits, accessories, and more at Neiman Marcus.


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Retail buildings in the U.S. are second only to office buildings in total energy consumption and represent approximately 13% of energy use in commercial buildings nationwide. The Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide for Retail Buildings presents general project planning guidance as well as more detailed descriptions and financial payback metrics for the most important and relevant energy efficiency measures to provide a practical roadmap for effectively planning and implementing performance improvements in existing buildings. This guide is primarily designed for facility managers and energy managers of existing retail buildings of all sizes.
The purpose of this handbook is to furnish guidance for planning and conducting a highperformance building charrette, sometimes called a "greening charrette." The handbook answers typical questions such as, "What is a charrette?", "Why conduct a charrette?", "What topics should we cover?", "Whom should we invite?" and "What happens after the charrette?". Owners, design team leaders, site planners, state energy office staff, and others who believe a charrette will benefit their projects will find the handbook helpful.
This paper illustrates the challenges of integrating rigorous daylight and electric lighting simulation data with whole-building energy models, and defends the need for such integration in order to achieve aggressive energy savings in building designs. Through a case study example, we examine the ways daylighting – and daylighting simulation – drove the design of a large net-zero energy project.
It is still early in the collection and analysis of energy performance data, but it is already clear that high-performance commercial buildings—some "almost net-zero buildings"—can be constructed cost effectively, providing productive environments for occupants, reducing operating costs, and enhancing the competitiveness of commercial properties.


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Yummy Plants: a vegan lifestyle website and community. We can help you start a vegan diet!
vegan holiday gift
This week's Accidentally Vegan feature is… Whole Foods Dark Chocolate Truffles!!! Oh yes, it is true!! These delightfully rich and creamy chocolate orbs from heaven are vegan! I couldn't believe it when I checked the package and found that this truly was a box of vegan chocolate truffles.


text: Fights are the times when our relationships with those we love come into sharp focus and hit us right between the eyes, so to speak. They are not fun! And lots of couples seek help simply to stop escalating the arguments. So when couples argue, what works and what doesn't work? (more…)


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1 lb asparagus, halved horizontally
8 oz crimini mushrooms, halved
3 oz Stilton, crumbled
1 tablespoon yellow mustard seed
3 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
3 tablespoon olive oil
1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
freshly ground black pepper
Prep grill. Whisk together the vinaigrette ingredients in a small bowl. Place the mustard seeds, asparagus and mushrooms in a resealable bag. Shake. Drizzle with dressing. Shake to coat. Add to a nonstick grill wok
and grill until tender, tossing occasionally.
Sprinkle with cheese prior to serving.


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Pioneer of UH Manoa Hawaiian Studies Program honored posthumously with Regents Medal of DistinctionUniversity of Hawaiʻi
Mia Noguchi, (808) 956-9095
External Affairs & University Relations
PEARL CITY, Oʻahu — At its monthly meeting held today at Leeward Community College, the University of Hawaiʻi Board of Regents honored Abraham St. Chad Kikiakoi Kalilioku Piʻianaiʻa for his outstanding contributions to the University of Hawaiʻi and the state by posthumously awarding him with the Regents Medal of Distinction.
During his long and distinguished career, Piʻianaiʻa, who passed away in February 2003, was an exemplary educator, an accomplished seafaring voyager, and a well respected kupuna, preserving and protecting the Hawaiian language and culture for present and future generations. He was appointed the inaugural director for the Hawaiian Studies Program in 1979, and because of his pioneering effort, Hawaiian Studies became a permanent program in 1985, and the Center for Hawaiian Studies was created with the establishment of the School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific Studies in 1987.
UH Mānoa Interim Chancellor Denise Konan said, "Abraham Piʻianaiʻa has left a lasting legacy imprinted in the minds and hearts of faculty and students at Mānoa. We can directly attribute our vision to become a Hawaiian place of learning to his groundbreaking efforts."
Learning from a young age about sea travel and navigation, Piʻianaiʻa was also a seafarer. One of his key achievements was his work in supporting voyaging endeavors using Polynesian navigational tools within the values and understandings of Polynesian cosmology and culture. When the Polynesian voyaging revival began, he served as mentor and historian to the crew members, as well as lead adviser in protocol matters during interactions with Polynesians, Pacific Islanders, and even Native Americans.
In letters supporting Piʻianaiʻa's nomination, friends and colleagues point to his efforts in advancing opportunities for Native Hawaiians, both academically and culturally through the Polynesian voyaging revival.
"Throughout his life, he exemplified the spirit and practice of ʻE Hoʻopili Mai,' of bringing together people in and around Hawaiʻi with knowledge and wisdom," said Kiyoshi Ikeda, UH Mānoa emeritus professor of sociology. "He leaves an outstanding legacy in oceanography, ethnography, and studies of islands and archipelagoes."
"Polynesian voyaging owes a debt of gratitude to Abraham Piʻianaiʻa for his mentoring and leadership in the early pioneering days of the voyaging movement," said Nainoa Thompson, president of the Polynesian Voyaging Society. "He was the most influential mentor we had to bridge us to Hawaiian history and culture to set the foundation of voyaging to explore safely and make a meaningful contribution to the Hawaiian people."
Piʻianaiʻa also served the state through numerous community service endeavors, sitting on various local and national boards and holding several leadership positions in government, such as chair of the Hawaiian Homes Commission and director of the State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands.
His list of honors includes Outstanding Alumnus awards from the University of Hawaiʻi and Kamehameha Schools, selection as a Living Treasure of Hawaiʻi in 1999, and the Ke Aliʻi Pauahi Legacy Award in 2004 from the Order of Ke Aliʻi Pauahi Foundation of the Kamehameha Schools.


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– Musty Odours: Stale smells across premise are one of the foremost signs that your ducts in trouble. It's the accumulation of dirt and allergens that may lead to odd smells.
– Mould on Air Filters: Your air duct filters easily show the sign of mould infestation. When you notice mould growth on duct filters, it's high time you go for professional duct cleaning services.
– Debris on Air Filters: Just like mould the filters easily show the presence of debris inside your ductwork. Simply cleaning the debris and dust from the filter is not enough, you really need to get into the depth.
– Uneven Air Flow: In case if you are noticing the uneven flow of air across your premises, the possible reason could be unclean air ducts.
– Constant Allergies in The Home: When your family members in the home are facing constant allergies and health issues like headache, breathing problems, watery eyes and skin problems, dirty ducts can be held responsible.
– Dusty Surroundings: One of the most obvious signs of unclean ducts is dusty surroundings. Despite your hundreds of tries to keep the house clean and dust-free if you are still feeling the same problems, it is the time you go for air duct cleaning and sanitising services.
Residential and Commercial Duct Cleaning Enochs Point
Duct Heating Cleaning is a leading duct cleaning company in Enochs Point. We service whole Enochs Point including the suburbs and remote corners of Enochs Point.
- Dust and debris within the ductwork
- Increase in the energy bills
- Visible mold growth
- Unexplained health problems
- Problem in breathing inside the house
If the family is having an unexplained allergy, asthma or any other respiratory issues, dust or debris blowing out of the ducts of your HVAC system may be the cause. If air circulating through your house is contaminated, health problems are bound to exist in the family. All you need to do is to get your ducts inspected and cleaned them if required.
Additionally, we provide our duct cleaning to an array of residential and commercial properties. Our residential and commercial duct cleaning areas include:
- Homes duct cleaning
- Offices heating cleaning
- Government institutes
- Shopping malls
- Hospitals
- Schools and colleges
- ShopsCarbon Monoxide Testing, Dryer Duct System Cleaning, Duct Repairs, Duct Sanitising & Deodorising, HVAC Cleaning and Sanitation, Same Day Duct Cleaning Carbon Monoxide Testing, Dryer Duct System Cleaning, Duct Repairs, Duct Sanitising & Deodorising, HVAC Cleaning and Sanitation, Same Day Duct Cleaning
- Hotels
- Restaurants
- And a lot of others!
We clean all your ducts with complete perfection by using machines equipped with HEPA filtration and air agitators and compressors and make sure that your ducts are cleaned perfectly.
Enochs Point'S SPECIALISTS IN HEATING DUCT CLEANING SOLUTIONS
Our Specialised Services Include:
Air Ducted Heater Cleaning
Dryer Duct System Cleaning
Duct Deodorising and Sanitation
Duct Repairs
Heating Unit Cleaned
Floor/Ceiling Vents Cleaning
Return Air Outlet Cleaning
Carbon Monoxide Testing
HVAC Cleaning and Sanitation (NADCA Certified)
Central Duct System Cleaning
Duct Return Vent Cleaning
Evaporative Duct Cleaning and Repairing
Central Duct System Cleaning Enochs Point
Another major service that we offer includes Central Duct System Cleaning. However you may want clean your central ducts on your own, but the fact is you can't do it perfectly without professional assistance. Because the professionals have all the required tools and knowledge, thus bring you the best as well as desired results for duct cleaning. And our professional at Ducted Heating Cleaning offer the top-notch services.
Evaporative Duct Cleaning Enochs Point
Evaporative Cooling ducts are the best way to cool your home in summer. But before bringing them into use, it is important to get them cleaned by professionals. Uncleaned ducts become the source of the unhealthy environment in home and create health issues. If you are searching for the best services for your evaporative duct cleaning, hire our professionals can be your best bet. Why? Well, who does not want quality services at affordable prices? We do for you. Call us now and get your ducts cleaned thoroughly by the professionals now.
Carbon Monoxide Testing Enochs Point
Carbon Monoxide is a hazardous gas, produced by home appliances such as ovens, barbeque, gas stoves and more. CO causes a number of health issues in the home, and in more severe cases, it can be life-threatening as well. If you or your family suffer from several symptoms such as a constant headache, shortening of breath, cough, sneezing, depression or watery eyes, then consider this as the indication of increased CO extent in the home. One of the major reasons behind the excess production of the gas is uncleaned ducts. However, you can detect its production by installing carbon monoxide detectors in the home, but it is better you hire the experts for carbon Monoxide testing. And we at Ducted Heating Cleaning offer the best services for carbon monoxide testing and duct cleaning even on the same day of booking.
Return Vent Cleaning Enochs Point
We at Ducted Heating Cleaning also offer return vent cleaning at the most affordable prices. With our experience, expertise and excellence one of the leading duct cleaning companies in Enochs Point. And return vent cleaning is one of the most preferred services by the residents of Enochs Point. Moreover, we provide our customers with NADCA certified duct cleaning service. With the help of advanced cleaning tools and cleaning solutions, we bring you the best services for return vent cleaning in Enochs Point. With the accumulation of dirt and grime inside essential parts of your ducts, they tend to fail in functionality, and if you do not want to be the case with your ducts, call our professional to your doorstep now.
Split System Air Conditioning Cleaning Enochs Point
Our team makes sure you get the best services for split system air conditioning. The team of our professionals, first of all, inspect your ductwork to look for the amount of dirt and debris build up in the ducts. Once done with the inspection, our team starts air conditioning system cleaning and sanitising work without any delay. No matter how bad the condition of ducts are, we can restore them to make your home environment cleaned and healthy while keeping you at ease. We believe in offering you the best value for money, thus all our duct and air conditioner cleaning services are affordable as well as effective.
Central Duct System Cleaning Enochs Point
Duct Cleaning Specialists in Enochs Point
Time to Get Your Duct Heating System Ready for The Winter!
- Latest Duct Cleaning Technologies
- Specialised in duct cleaning and duct repairs
- 17 Years of Experience in Ducted Heating System Cleaning
- NADCA Certified Duct Cleaners
- Duct Sanitising & Deodorising with Tea Tree Oil
Duct Mould Removal Service
If your duct not cleaned from a long time, there might be mould growth inside the ductwork, our duct cleaners can remove the mould from ducts.
Duct Contamination Removal
Our professional team can remove any noticeable pet hair, debris, dust etc being released into the room through the ducts. Our duct cleaning professionals promised guaranteed clean air from your ducts.
Getting Bad Odor from Duct? STOP… wait. Get your Ducts Cleaned from Professionals.
Breathe Clean Duct Air. We Improve the air quality you breathe
Duct Repair Enochs Point
We at Ducted Heating Cleaning, also provide the services for duct repair in both residential and commercial properties. We have the efficient technicians and advanced tools that give us the confidence to bring the duct repairing task to perfection. Our duct repairing plumbers will reach your place within 2-3 hours of booking. First, they will inspect the problem in ducts, and after the thorough inspection, they will start the duct repairing process. Call us for the same day duct repairing in Enochs Point.
Furnace Repair Enochs Point
At Ducted Heating Cleaning, we provide exclusive duct cleaning services, our key focus is to do our work with proficiency and dedication. We provide all kind of duct cleaning and repair service, furnace repair services are on the the services which we provide. Our team members do the inspection first and find out the glitch, once it's found then they do the needful. If it requires repairing work we do it or if it's needed to be replaced we also do that. We have all the tools and advanced equipment to do the task and our experts are skilled to perform this task without any error.
Coil Cleaning Enochs Point
Ducted Heating Cleaning professionals also offer coil cleaning services to the homeowners in Enochs Point. The cleaning team of professionals is highly trained and equipped with the appropriate knowledge and skills to offer you the best services for cleaning and maintaining your condenser coils. Cleaning the condenser coil of your cooling systems makes sure that the unit is running smoothly while making it long lasting. Whereas dirty and clogged coils lead to increased workload, and frozen coils ultimately resulting in shortening of the system's life.
Heating Unit Servicing Enochs Point
Besides cleaning and sanitising, we also offer quality services for heating unit Enochs Point. The technical team of our professionals has gained appropriate skills in the niche by working for years. By cleaning and servicing your heating units on time, you do a favour to your heating systems. Servicing makes the functioning of your heating system smooth and efficient. So, hire our professionals for heating system servicing and keep the environment inside your home cozy and comfortable.
Evaporative Cooling Units Servicing Enochs Point
Another one of the major services our professional's offer includes servicing of the evaporative cooling system. It is necessary to get your heating systems serviced as soon as it starts showing the signs of damage such as odd smells and unusual cooling temperature. Hence, if you want the cooling systems to work in the right manner, you may want to hire the experts for evaporative cooling system servicing. Also, we use the best tools and best skills in the industry, so you can use your evaporative cooling systems in the long run.
Dryer Duct Cleaning Enochs Point
Getting your dryer ducts cleaned is one of the important things to keep your home and family safe. You may not know but uncleaned dryer ducts pose the risk of the house fire. And also, for the smooth and efficient working of laundry, dryer duct cleaning is the best method. It is the lint clogged inside uncleaned dryer ducts that can lead to a fire in the home. While you may clean vent registers to get rid of lint, you still need the professional to do the job perfectly and safely.
Duct Sanitisation in Enochs Point
Time and constant use are the two factors that make your ducts filthy, infected and full of grime. You may or may not realise but ducts in the home are one of the most overlooked things that the owners forget to pay attention to. Insects and mould infestation in the ducts are responsible for making your home full of diseases and infection. In case if you are not able to figure out the reason for constant health issues in the home, going for duct sanitisation can be of utmost use. The professional team of Ducted Heating Cleaning, make the use of high-quality cleaning tools and agents to eradicate all kinds of pathogens from your duct system in an effective and safe manner.
Thus, duct sanitisation is one of the most powerful and effective methods to make your home allergy-proof. Once the sanitisation process is done, we also apply deodorisers to make your ducts smell fresh once again.
Save Your Money and efforts with Ducted Heating Cleaning
Though we are one of the leading and experienced duct cleaning service providers in Enochs Point, we believe in offering complete value for your money. Besides, our customer's health, we keep good care of their pocket, and thus, we offer them services at the most competitive prices. One of the major reasons behind our popularity is the reasonable prices we offer. Thus, when it comes affordable yet effective duct cleaning services, Duct Heating Cleaning comes under the top choices in Enochs Point.
Our Ducted Heating Cleaning Team in Enochs Point
We are a team of certified, qualified, and intelligent duct cleaners. Our aim is very simple – provide complete customer satisfaction with each cleaning job. Our cleaners live across Enochs Point to achieve this aim.
- Josh is responsible for taking ducted heating cleaning services from the clients of the Eastern suburbs.
- Matt lives in the Southern suburbs and caters to the clients residing there.
- Gus manages the duct cleaning requests of the Western suburbs.
- Joey serves our customers living in the Northern suburbs and takes care of all kinds of duct cleaning services.
Call our help desk anytime and know more what all we have to offer at Ducted Heating Cleaning
Our Duct Cleaning Process
Duct cleaning requires expertise in the field to make sure nothing goes wrong. Faulty ducts can lead to fatal results and to avoid them we have only extremely qualified and licensed technicians onboard with us.
- Our duct experts begin the duct cleaning by cleaning the air return grill and filter with the help of high pressure.
- The grill is further cleaned using a brush and vacuum to eliminate every single particle of dust or any other contaminant.
- Afterward, our technicians will clean the heating unit system that comprises fan blades and motor. The motor plays an important role in the proper functioning of the duct.
- Then we check and clean all duct lines ensuring all is fine with your duct.
- The last step is duct sanitisation using bacteria gas for a better level of hygiene.
The entire duct cleaning process takes place without causing any mess in your property. With almost two decades of experience in duct cleaning, we have gained enough expertise in duct cleaning to never let you down.
Pick up your phone and take expert help from Ducted Heating Cleaning Enochs Point!
Suggestions for Choosing Professional Ducted Heater Cleaning Service Provider in Enochs Point
There are lots of duct cleaners in the industry without any suitable qualification and experience. Following are the Things you Should Look for Before Hiring Duct Cleaning Professionals.
- Make sure your duct cleaning company a good reputation and certified with NADCA
- Find out if they use only eco-friendly chemicals for duct works cleaning
- Ask them if there are any call out fee
- Confirm if the duct deodorising & sanitisation services are included in the price.
- Carbon Monoxide Level testing
What to Expect from an Air Duct Cleaning Service Provider Company?
Ring up the air duct cleaning company and confirm the service provider should:
- Inspect the duct system
- Make sure there no asbestos fitted material inside your ducts
- Cover the carpet and household furniture etc
- Check if they are experienced in duct systems cleaning
- Follow Duct Cleaning Industry Standards
- Duct deodorising & sanitisation using Tea Tree Oil, not harmful chemicals.
- Cleaning equipment is latest and tidy.
Post Duct Cleaning Checklist to Determine if the Duct Cleaner Performed Thorough Job
After the duct cleaning technicians complete his work make sure he did the right job. We would recommend through visual inspection of your ductwork best way to verify the professional ducted heating cleaning of your heating or cooling ductworks.
- Make sure all duct components including drain pans, return vents are properly cleaned
- Air Return Covers are visually cleaned
- Duct plenums accurately cleaned
- Heating Exchange professionally cleaned
- Blower Blades are clean and free of oil and dust
- All the interior ductworks cleaned
- Turn on your duct systems make sure duct air flow improved
- Make sure your reverse cycled air conditioner heating & cooling properly
Top Benefits of HVAC Cleaning
Dirty ducts must be cleaned and inspected by a certified duct cleaning professional. There are many benefits of cleaned ducts some listed below.
Indoor Air Quality
If your ductworks accumulate dust & dirt over the period of time its good idea to get it cleaned. Air can get contaminated and dirty ducts to blow out dirty air.
Energy Savings
You heap a lot more in electricity bills by cleaning your ducts regularly.
How Often Should You Clean Your Air Ducts?
One of the frequently asked question by the home and business-owners is how frequently you should get your ducts cleaned? Well, the answer may vary depending on the condition of your ducts. According to The National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA), you should get your ducts cleaned every three to five years. But in case, you are facing problems before this specified period of time, you must not wait for the time to get complete.
Some of The Reasons you Might Want to Hire The Professionals May Include But Not Limited To:
- Bad smells coming from the ducts
- Animals intruded inside ducts
- Constant cough and disease in the home
- Carbon monoxide production.
- In case of flood or fire damage
In case, you are also feeling the need for ducts cleaning, hire our professionals for same day duct inspection in Enochs Point.
Same Day Duct Cleaning Service
In our same day duct cleaning service, you can have the benefit of having your duct cleaned and sanitized on the same day of booking. We are always prepared for emergency cleaning service, so if your duct is dirty and contaminated air is coming out from the duct, we assure you that our technician can handle this easily. We have equipped them with all the gadgets, cleaning machines and cleaning solvents, so without wasting any time book our same day duct cleaning service.
How to Clean a Ducted Heating System?
You may or may not realise that your ducted heating system does the most arduous work of keeping your indoor in the cooler months. But have you ever thought, how much your duct systems have to go through? You may even not think of cleaning the systems until it is time to bringing them into the use after the summer season ends. But for the sake of your indoor environment and good health of your ducts, they need to be cleaned after the suggested period of time. And for that, you may all of your efforts and patience, that's why it is important to get the help from trained professionals.
When To Hire The Professional Help For Duct Cleaning?
Still confused whether to hire the professional duct cleaning experts or not? Here are is the list of the signs telling you the need to hire the professionals for the job:
- When there is a mouldy smell across the house. The presence of mould in the air duct system is the sign that you need to hire the professional duct cleaners to the home.
- If you experience dust particles in the air, this means there is heavy dirt buildup in the ducts. There is no point in cleaning the ducts on your own when the condition of ducts is this bad.
- When the family and pets are suffering from various allergies such as sneezing, coughing, constant headaches and watery eyes.
- In case of animal and rodent intrusion inside the ducts, there is the need to hire the professionals.
DIY Ducted Heating Cleaning?
Of course, you can clean your ducted heating systems on your owns unless you notice any of the above-mentioned problems. Moreover, if you have kids and pets in the home, inspecting and cleaning the ducts at a regular interval of time is important.
Some Basic Tips for DIY Duct Cleaning.
- First of all, use high-quality air-filter for the duct system and make sure you change it bi-annually.
- Remove the vent registers and then clean then the warm soapy water and let them dry completely.
- Then vacuum the ducts system for the removal of dust and debris. Do it will the safe hands, so you don't damage the ducts.
- If you happen to see the spills and other debris in the ducts, use a damp cloth to clean it and let the area to get dry.
Why Choose Ducted Heating Cleaning?
Duct cleaning directly affects the air you breathe. It is indispensable to keep your ducts clean and working properly without any faults always for the safety of your loved ones. Ducted Heating Cleaning Enochs Point gives you the most affordable services for all your duct related worries. Besides affordable prices, these are the important reasons to choose us for duct cleaning in Enochs Point:
- All licensed and certified duct cleaners with high experience
- Use of latest technology and advanced tools in the duct cleaning process
- Eliminates all bacteria, allergens, fungal matter and airborne foreign particles
- Guaranteed duct cleaning services
- 17 years of experience and a good reputation in the industry
- Use of eco-friendly chemicals during the process
Frequently Asked Questions on Duct Cleaning Enochs Point:
The maximum gap you can give is for two years. This is a long gap and we know that the ducts are in use throughout the year. The ducts maintain the condition of the air inside the house. If the air will get worse that can lead to a number of health issues. The ducts are positioned such that they can not be much-taken care off but they receive a huge amount of dirt. So to keep everything safe and under control, it will better that you get your duct cleaned once in a year or at least once after two years.
When you get your duct cleaned after the worse condition of the ducts with the dirt then you will understand the difference and effectivity of the duct cleaning service.
It may be that the ducts which work as the maintainer of the air condition and temperature in the house are filled with the dirt. The blow of air from any side will throwback the dust in the ducts into your house. This indicates that you are in a need of the duct cleaning service.


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Weight Loss
The definition of obesity varies depending on what one reads, but in general, it is a chronic condition defined by an excess amount body fat. A certain amount of body fat is necessary for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other functions. The normal amount of body fat (expressed as percentage of body fat) is between 25%-30% in women and 18%-23% in men. Women with over 30% body fat and men with over 25% body fat are considered obese.
The calculation of body mass index (BMI) has also been used in the definition of obesity. The body mass index (BMI) equals a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by their height in meters (m) squared. Since BMI describes body weight relative to height, it is strongly correlated with total body fat content in adults. "Obesity" is defined as a BMI of 30 and above.
There are a lot of medications for weight loss. Some of them are:
Sibutramine (Meridia) suppresses appetite by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters Serotonin and Norepinephrine in the brain synapses. Unlike Fenfluramine and Dexfenfluramine, Sibutramine does not increase release of these neurotransmitters from the cells. Instead, Sibutramine inhibits the re-uptake of these neurotransmitters by the nerve cells. Therefore, the action of Sibutramine is similar to that of anti-depressants that inhibit re-uptake of Serotonin such as Fluoxetine (Prozac), a medication that has been used for years without known association with pulmonary hypertension or heart valve damage.
Orlistat (Xenical, Alli) changes the metabolism of fat. This is a class of anti-obesity drugs called lipase inhibitors, or fat blockers. Fat from food can only be absorbed into the body after being broken up (a process called digestion) by digestive enzymes called lipases in the intestines. By inhibiting the action of lipase enzymes, orlistat prevents the intestinal absorption of fat by 30%. Orlistat does not affect brain chemistry. Theoretically, Orlistat also should have minimal or no systemic side effects (side effects in other parts of the body) because the major locale of action is inside the gut lumen and very little of the drug is absorbed.
Ephedrine is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis.
Clenbuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist with some similarities to ephedrine, but its effects are more potent and longer-lasting as a stimulant and thermogenic drug. Clenbuterol causes an increase in aerobic capacity, central nervous system stimulation, and an increase in blood pressure and oxygen transportation. Clenbuterol increases the rate at which fat and protein are metabolized, simultaneously slowing the body's BMR.
Albuterol is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The thyronines act on nearly every cell in the body. Thyronines act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone), neuronal maturation and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. Thyroid hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds. They also stimulate vitamin metabolism. Numerous physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis.
Reductil is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity, as an appetite suppressant. Meridia is a centrally-acting serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor structurally related to amphetamines, although its mechanism of action is distinct.
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text: Hello Everyone! I am new to this forum, and this is my very first post on here! This is my last resort, my last chance to try! Im not wealthy, and quite poor. I save up as much change as I can, and since Cryptozoic released the 1st season of walking dead trading cards till now, that's how I've been paying for my cards. If I count how much I've spent from season 1 card packs, till now, I've spent hundreds if not at least a thousand dollars at the most. I've bought so many packs, that I've complete the whole collection base set of cards for seasons 1,2,3,4, and 5 not only for myself, but for my 12 year old daughter as well. I must have the worst luck ever because so far, out of all the packs I've bought, Ive NEVER, NOT ONE TIME, HAVE NEVER EVER gotten not one wardrobe, autograph, sketch, nor prop card! All those packs bought, all that money spent and NOT ONE TIME HAVE I GOT NOT 1 RELIC CARD! It's SO FRUSTRATING, and upsetting! I know the only ways to guarantee getting a relic card is to either buy a whole hobby box with 24 packs in it, or a case of hobby boxes which I can't ever afford either of them, and the only other way is to buy a relic card on eBay, but there's so many problems with that. The relic cards are so unbelievably over-priced on eBay. I also tried contacting Cryptozoic about my really bad, terrible luck. Explained my whole situation about how much I've spent, and never getting a relic card. I'm sure they get plenty of people hounding them for so many reasons. I was honest with them, and in return they replied that there is nothing they can do. I'm beyond upset, and exhausted at this point. It's like why waste any more money on the cards when I've never, ever gotten what I truly wanted and that's a wardrobe or autograph card. My question to all of you, my fellow Walking Dead card trader collectors is do any of you, anyone at all know of any other way I can find Walking Dead wardrobe or autograph cards besides the ways I already know of? I'd greatly appreciate any advice. Sorry this is so long. Just felt I had to explain my whole situation. Hope there's somebody that can help. Thanks for taking the time to read this Everyone. I greatly appreciate it! ��


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I am a full spectrum midwife and doula working in the Belfast to Bangor corridor and beyond. I have been working with women and families in pregnancy, birth, postpartum and life since 2009.
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Brenda brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 502 Designs von 97 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
New Solar start-up will provide simple, affordable and innovative solar products that allow every day people to "Change Energy Now". We need a breakthrough logo that will differentiate the company and appeal to people and communities that care about the environment, that want control over their energy and that want to do something now.
SolarVille should be aspirational and convey a sense of place. It's high tech, current and important, yet fun, approachable and hip. We envision a modern day version of the beatnik community that is hell bent on changing energy now and nostalgic about more simple times (although not naive like folks in the 50's).
- Logo should be easy to reproduce in a variety of mediums and sizes (needs to work in small spaces & big ones)
- Our concept seems to lend itself to a retro look and feel, but that's not a requirement. Spoofing some of the 50's & 60's gasoline ads could be fun.
- Colors should be unique, action oriented and symbolic. Red and green seem obvious, but maybe the 50's Texaco teal/sea foam green would be better. Maybe glacier blue fits.
- Readability is important -- simple, but interesting type - can be all lower case, 2 words or all caps.
- An interesting graphic element that would someday stand on it's own would be ideal.
- An optional tagline would also be a plus. Today I would use "Changing Energy Now" or something similar.
- We'll also want to incorporate product names after the logo down the road. For example, SolarVille Grid Vehicle.
- Another web 2.0 blue and orange design or a typical solar sun or green design.
- A frilly or fussy look.
- A look that will be quickly dated.
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.