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Joint activity in Spain and space advances ESA's hyperspectral mission effort
In La Mancha on the flat heart of Spain lies one of the most closely studied patches of land on our planet. Every summer for the last 13 years, it has undergone simultaneous scrutiny from the ground, the air and from space – activity aiding the development of the next generation of Earth Observation sensors.
Following a tradition first set in 1991, more than 50 researchers from institutions across Europe and also the United States gathered at the Barrax agricultural test site for seven days from 14 July for the latest intensive field campaign involving multiple satellite and airborne instruments.
Researchers must regularly check that satellite results correspond to conditions on the ground and the atmosphere – a process known as validation – and the wide variety of conditions found at Barrax make it well suited for this work. Part of an experimental farm run by the University of Castilla-La Mancha, its core site is a 25 square km area within which numerous crops are grown - on both irrigated and dry land - alongside fields of bare soil.
This summer's activity was part of the preparatory study for a proposed ESA Earth Explorer mission called SPECTRA (Surface Processes and Ecosystem Changes Through Response Analysis). For this reason the campaign was called SPARC-2004 (SPECTRA Barrax Campaign-2004).
Intended to return a wealth of information on land cover and the amount and condition of vegetation across the Earth's surface, SPECTRA would carry a hyperspectral camera capable of resolving light into individual spectral bands at higher resolution than ever before. This camera would be placed on a small moveable platform enabling it to image its targets from multiple angles.
SPARC-2004 researchers wished to simulate SPECTRA's retrieval of biophysical information and the data processing needed to carry out geometric and atmospheric corrections of raw results. With no SPECTRA in orbit they turned to its closest equivalent, ESA's technology demonstrator turned Earth Observation mission Proba.
Launched in 2001, Proba's payload includes a hyperspectral sensor called the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS), used operationally for environmental monitoring. The Proba spacecraft can roll along its orbit during acquisitions, giving it a multi-angular capacity.
The timing of the campaign was determined by the opportunity of two days of consecutive multiangular acquisitions by Proba, coinciding with additional overpasses from several other satellites. In the CHRIS configuration available to the SPARC-2004 campaign, 62 spectral bands were available for five angular acquisitions with 34-metre spectral resolution. Meanwhile, working from dawn to dusk, researchers on the ground carried out intensive field activity and deployed a large number of instruments including lidars and balloon-based radio sondes to sample atmospheric variables, sun photometers to measure sky radiance and sensors mounted on mobile towers to record local vegetation characteristics.
"The central activity of SPARC-2004 was to collect a CHRIS/Proba reference dataset for SPECTRA-related studies, with the corresponding associated atmospheric data, surface radiometric data and measured soil/vegetation properties to serve as a validation dataset," said Remo Bianchi, ESRIN Scientific Campaign Coordinator. "And since the spectral coverage of SPECTRA is larger than the one available to CHRIS, additional satellite and airborne data acquisitions are used to complete a representative SPECTRA reference dataset."
CHRIS images were processed immediately after being received by the ground stations at Kiruna or Redu, then made available by internet back to Barrax, so scientists could see the images acquired that day while in the field, allowing the optimisation of field sampling.
"Ground measurements during SPARC-2004 have been designed to allow a 'data closure', that is, all the relevant variables driving the models used to analyse the data were explicitly measured, together with the ancillary data needed as boundary conditions," explained Professor José Moreno of the University of Valencia, and SPARC-2004 Principal Investigator. "Moreover, many of the measurements were duplicated by different teams with different instruments, allowing cross-checking."
Availability of multiple instruments from multiple institutions made possible an extremely detailed field sampling that in the case of Leaf Area Index came to almost 3600 samples. Several mobile instrument towers, including two scintillometers, were deployed in the field to monitor all the individual components of the energy, water and carbon dioxide flux exchanged between vegetation and the atmosphere throughout the campaign.
Used for the first time during SPARC-2004 was the new Airborne Hyperspectral System (AHS), operated by Spain's Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) and flown with a plane and crew provided by the Spanish Air Force. The AHS has a total of 80 spectral channels available in the visible, short wave infrared and thermal infrared. A total of 16 multiangular acquisition flight lines were obtained over Barrax with spatial resolutions varying from 2.5 to 6.8 metres.
Up in orbit, in addition to CHRIS data, two Envisat overpasses enabled acquisitions from that spacecraft's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), as part of parallel Envisat data product validation activities.
Data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument aboard MSG-1 (Meteosat Second Generation) were acquired during the campaign as part of the validation activities for MSG vegetation products, alongside data from Landsat and also the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on Terra, collected to complete the SPARC dataset.
"All the data we collected will be put together into the ESA Central Campaigns Database, a new initiative of the Agency to make results available to the entire scientific community in future," added Moreno. "The teams involved in SPARC-2004 have already started analysis of the data, with a progress meeting to discuss initial results set for November in Valencia, and a final presentation of results due by April 2005 in ESTEC in the Netherlands."
SPARC-2004 participants
A total of 80 people from 21 different institutions in five different countries were involved in the SPARC-2004 activity, with around 50 people directly participating in the daily field measurements.
Participants included Spanish teams from Universities in Valencia, Albacete and Castellon along with national research institutes (INTA, INM, CSIC, CIEMAT, CEDEX, ITAP and CECAF), French teams from LURE-Paris, INRA-Avignon and the University of Strasbourg, Italian teams from the University of Naples and the National Research Council and a large team from the Netherlands involving Alterra-WU-ITC and the University of Utrecht, plus ESA participants.
A team from the University of Washington in Seattle also took part in the campaign, as part of a NASA project related to validation of Terra/ASTER data over the Barrax site. The SPARC-2004 activity has been funded by ESA, with additional contributions from the European Commission, Eumetsat and national projects.


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Chinese Immigrants in Cuba: Documents from the James and Ana Melikian Collection
The Chinese Immigrants in Cuba collection includes hundreds of original documents, manuscripts and photos covering the migration of 125,000 Chinese who signed up to be cheap labor in Cuba from 1847 until the later 1890s. The archive continues until the 1970s and records the Chinese community in Cuba and is rich with photos. This massive collection, from the archive of James and Ana Melikian Collection, is probably the largest one in private hands concerning Chinese in Cuba. At present the collection contains over 1341 records and about 8,000-9,000 pages.
- 1 黃, 昌龍
- Spanish
- 1 Chinese
- 1 Image
- 1 Public
- Canton
- Fayune
- 1 First Contract
- 1 Jose A. de Orbeta
- 1 R. Solares
- 1 Vongcheong Lon
A contract between Vongcheong Lon, a Chinese settler, and R. Solares. The contract was to last for an undisclosed amount of time and lists the legal requirements of both the employee and the employer. Vongcheong Lon was originally from Fayune. Also features contract in Chinese.
- Contributors
- 黃, 昌龍
- Created Date
- 1866

subset: commoncrawl


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First United Methodist Church of Picayune, MS
Thursday, April 09, 2020
07 - July letter
2019 Archived Page
I am no longer my own, but thine. Put me to what you will. Rank me with whom you will. Put me to doing; put me to suffering. Let me be employed for thee or laid aside for thee, exalted for thee or brought low for thee. Let me be full. Or let me be empty. Let me have all things. Or let me have nothing. I freely and heartily yield all things to thy pleasure and disposal. Amen
-John Wesley
Verse of the Day...


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It's time to have something spicy for dessert.
New look catch you by surprise? Believe it or not, it's been almost three years since DCF's last facelift. I've lost count of how many times I've revised the look of my website but I'm calling DCF's new look, version 7.0 because yes, we're celebrating our 7th anniversary in May!
As with each reinvention of DCF, the changes are stark and sudden but always for the better. I've re-designed the site for easier navigation and streamlined the content so that you can get the information you need, quickly.
Take some time getting used to DCF's new look and features, you're bound to be surprised and delighted. Here are some of the highlights the new look emphasizes:
1. Notice the chopping board? It's center stage for the latest post.
2. DCF version 7.0 is highly content-driven. Thus, witness the slider right smack in the center spotlighting the most recent posts from each category.
3. Categories. Now here's something that I've worked very hard on the past few months. You can view each category through the slider but if you scroll down to the Categories heading, you'll see them in list form. The most significant changes are to the Home Bakers and Restaurants category. If you hover over these two, a drop-down menu will appear. For Home Bakers, they're now arranged according to their location for product pick-ups. People often order from home bakers in locations that are most convenient to them so this is the rationale behind the idea. For Restaurants, they're now arranged by cuisine type so you can read about them and call for a reservation depending on what you feel like eating. I've also pored over 800+ posts and updated each restaurant I've written about. Sadly, a number of them have closed or changed their info and this is noted in each post accordingly.
On the header above, you'll see META, and this is where you can stay connected to DCF through RSS, our email newsletter (highly recommended), and of course, on Facebook and Twitter.
4. The About page has also been revised slightly, so have a look at it too.
5. You'll also notice the Photos widget on the upper right corner and subsequently, its sister on the navbar, Favorite Food Photos. Clicking on either will get you to the same place: a Gallery of my Favorite Food Photos taken from my posts. This gallery is still a work in progress as I'm still incorporating many of my images into the database so come back every so often and see what's new.
Lastly, you've noticed the new logo of Dessert Comes First. The ube cheesecake has been replaced by (an about to be) chocolate-covered chili pepper; notice the fork and how it edges out into a pencil at the tip. The entire concept is clever, and if you've been reading my writing for some time, appropriately cheeky. It's the brainchild of Natz Mendoza, a graphic designer I'm thrilled to have met. She exhibited unflagging creativity and energy when we collaborated on this new logo and I must say that I'm psyched with the results.
The biggest props go to DCF's webmaster, OB Agustin, whom I called up on stage at the Anniversary Party last year. There are webmasters and then there's OB, the webmaster of them all. He's been with DCF and me since the very beginning, all the way back to 2005. He has the patience of a saint (I can be unbelievably fastidious when it comes to DCF), an unrivaled knowledge of technology and CSS (what that?), and best of all, he laughs at my jokes. In short, OB is my tech god and without him, DCF would cease to exist. OB, thanks, man!
Dessert Comes First turns 7 on May 2. How far we've come! Thank you for coming along on my food journey.


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Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
In my younger years, whenever I walked down a street, beggars would let a hundred people pass and unerringly come right up to me, no matter how much I scowled or tried to look uninterested. What did they see in me, these ragged men and women who could read faces so well? Perhaps I looked like a soft touch, an easy mark, a sucker, a fool who was easily parted with his money. Invariably I would give them a few coins, resenting it all the while. Did they use it to buy alcohol, drugs, food? I was deeply suspicious of the cause of their poverty, and felt robbed of both money and pride.
What a fool I truly was, and feel rightly ashamed of such a miserly spirit, which made me the greater beggar. After many years on the Path of Love, I have learned this at least; the giving of zakat for Eid, or of charity in general, is either from generosity of spirit or it is nothing. God alone is the judge of another's heart or intention.
As the Master says in the Sufi novel, Master of the Jinn:
"The generous heart always has enough to give. It is the miserly in spirit who believe they never have enough to be generous. It is not lack of possessions that leads to spiritual poverty, nor prayer and fasting by themselves. It is in the abandonment of self-absorption, and in constant remembrance and reflection that the heart becomes detached. Then the hands gladly open their grasp on worldly things and cleave to God."
And the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Indeed, an ignorant man who is generous is dearer to God than a worshipper who is miserly." – (Al-Tirmidhi )
May Allah bless you all with generosity of spirit, whose foundation is Love, and whose Source is the Most Loving, the Most Generous. Amin.
Ya Haqq!


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Welcome to our website! As we have the ability to list over one million items on our web site (our selection changes all of the time), it is not feasible for a company our size to record and playback the descriptions on every item on our web site. However, if you are an American with a disability we are here to help you. Please call our disability services phone line at (540) 726-2628 during regular business hours and one of our kind and friendly personal shoppers will help you navigate through our web site, help conduct advanced searches, help you choose the item you are looking for with the specifications you are seeking, read you the specifications of any item and consult with you about the products themselves. There is no charge for the help of this personal shopper for any American with a disability. Finally, your personal shopper will explain our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service, and help you place an order if you so desire.
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Now that they've taken control of Congress, Republicans are wielding power much the same way they did in the Clinton era and for the six years afterward when they controlled the White House and Congress under George W. Bush: ineptly — examples: 1, 2 etc.
Then as now, it's clear that the only thing Republicans do very well is inflame the media with bogus scandals — which is a handy way to distract attention from their ineptitude. They are doing this with their usual aplomb, and considerable success, in the matter of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's use of a private server to send emails.
Clinton has said she deleted about 50,000 emails that dealt with personal matters, citing her daughter's wedding and her mother's funeral as examples. All the correspondence pertaining to official business was turned over to and archived by State. The deletion of the emails, though perfectly legal, has excited House Republicans, including Speaker John Boehner, who has announced plans to deploy House committees to investigate what might aptly be called Servergate.
Never mind that former Secretary of State Colin Powell, a Republican, has said he used a system similar to Clinton's — and never mind that in 2007 Karl Rove deleted 22 million emails from a private server in the Bush White House — a matter about which the Beltway media said little and Republicans in Congress, like Rep. John Boehner, said nothing.
Here is a brief refresher on the White House email scandal:
Not long after George W. Bush assumed the presidency in 2001, Rove, his top political aide, set up a private email server for use in the White House. The stated purpose of the system — the primary domain name on which was gwb43.com — was that it would be used exclusively for the sort of political correspondence that Bush and Rove were not permitted to do on the taxpayer's dime.
Seven years later, Bush and Rove were embroiled in two competing scandals — the Valerie Plame scandal, in which operatives for Vice Pres. Dick Cheney, including Rove and Scooter Libby, were accused of unmasking Valerie Plame, a CIA specialist in the black market for weapons of mass destruction, for purely partisan reasons, and the U.S. Attorney purge, in which Rove's political operation in the White House was accused of ordering Attorney General Alberto Gonzales to purge eight U.S. attorneys who were qualified prosecutors and replace them with political hacks with little or no prosecutorial experience.
Rove escaped prosecution in the Libby case, but Libby was convicted (Bush quickly commuted the sentence) on March 6, 2007, at the same time Bush and Rove were under fire for purging the U.S. attorneys. During the investigation, it came to light that Rove's server had been used to send official, non-political emails — correspondence that was required by law to be preserved under the Presidential Records Act.
On April 12, 2007, Rove's operation admitted that it had deleted at least 5 million emails from the server. In December 2009, technicians who had examined the server reported that the number of emails that had been deleted was far greater — 22 million.
What was in the emails? No one will ever know. It's likely as not that there was incriminating evidence in the correspondence that tied Rove and others to the treasonous exposure of Agent Plame (which, at a minimum, was a violation of government security), the U.S. attorneys' purge and perhaps other scandals, including the inquiry into charges that Republican lobbyist Jack Abramoff had used his entre with others in the GOP to bribe government officials. Abramoff was in prison serving the first year of his sentence when the email scandal broke.
If nothing else, this appears to be a prima facie case (or, rather, 22 million cases) of obstruction of justice. How serious is obstruction of justice? It's the crime Pres. Richard Nixon was charged with by the House of Representatives in 1974 that prompted him to resign rather than face impeachment.
But what sort of evidence might have been lost in the 50,000 emails Hillary Clinton deleted? The insinuation from Republicans is that something dispositive about the Benghazi scandal might have been erased. It's hard to guess what that might have been. What the GOP seems to be looking for in its eight investigations into Benghazi, so far, is a stand-down order issued by the State Department or the White House to the military that left the Benghazi consulate vulnerable to the attack that ensued. These Republicans know, of course, that the Secretary of State doesn't have the authority to issue orders to the military.
Given that, there's no question that the coverage of the Clinton email "scandal" is out of scale, but how does the incessant media coverage today stack up against the scandal seven years ago when Rove's political operation in the White House erased 22 million emails many of which likely included evidence of serious crimes?
Last week, the fact-checking organization Politifact, which tends to skew to the right, compared coverage of the two scandals. Here's it's verdict:
We did a search through Lexis-Nexis, a research service that tracks news articles and transcripts, between March and May 2007. We found more than 125 transcripts from the major cable networks and National Public Radio that include "Republican National Committee" and "email" within 10 words of each other.
The Lexis-Nexis search also yielded more than 200 related newspaper articles across the country within the same time frame.
Let's compare that to coverage of the Clinton controversy.
Since the story broke March 3, 2015 — two weeks ago — we found 204 cable and public radio transcripts that include "Clinton" and "email." We also found 1,700 newspaper articles across the country.
That's several times as many articles and transcripts about Clinton than there were about the Bush email controversy in a quarter of the time. It's a rough measurement, but clearly there has been more media attention on Clinton's use of private email than that of the White House staffers.
Even so, Politifact rated the claim that coverage of Clinton's email deletions is out of scale compared with coverage of Rove's in 2007 is "mostly false."
Wait. What?
In the Rove scandal, there were 125 broadcast reports and 200 newspaper articles over three months about the millions of deleted emails. Today, in just two weeks there have been 200 broadcast reports and 1,700 newspaper articles about the 50,000 deleted emails.
And yet Politifact finds the assertion that there's been more coverage of Clinton than there was of Rove to be "mostly false." How did they do that?
Simple. Politifact keyed its verdict to a Fox pundit's hyperbolic statement there was "zero coverage" of Rove's scandal when it broke. So, yeah, it's "mostly false" that there was "zero coverage."
Republicans' objective in using its lapdogs in the "liberal media" to exaggerate the Clinton emails controversy is to damage her image in advance of her run for the presidency. Polls show that their strategy is working — while Hillary Clinton remains the odds-on favorite among Democratic voters, her approval rating has slipped among all voters in polls released since the email deletions came to light.
At least Republicans are good at something.


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Related Information
- Alopecia Areata (fast facts, easy-to-read)
- ¿Qué es la alopecia areata? (Esenciales: hojas informativas de fácil lectura)
- Hair Loss in Women (information package)
- Order a NIAMS Publication to be mailed
Health Information
Alopecia Areata
January 2012
Questions and Answers about Alopecia Areata
This booklet contains general information about alopecia areata (al-oh-PEE-shah ar-ee-AH-tah). It describes what alopecia areata is, its causes, and treatment options. Information is also provided on current research. At the end is a list of key words to help you understand the terms in this booklet. If you have further questions after reading this booklet, you may wish to discuss them with your doctor.
Alopecia areata is just one cause of alopecia, or hair loss. This booklet deals only with alopecia areata.
What Is Alopecia Areata?
Alopecia areata is considered an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system, which is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria, mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, the structures from which hairs grow. This can lead to hair loss on the scalp and elsewhere.
In most cases, hair falls out in small, round patches about the size of a quarter. In many cases, the disease does not extend beyond a few bare patches. In some people, hair loss is more extensive. Although uncommon, the disease can progress to cause total loss of hair on the scalp (referred to as alopecia areata totalis) or complete loss of hair on the scalp, face, and body (alopecia areata universalis).
- What Causes It?
- Who Is Most Likely to Get It?
- Is My Hair Loss a Symptom of a Serious Disease?
- Can I Pass It On to My Children?
- Will My Hair Ever Grow Back?
- What Can I Expect Next?
- How Is It Treated?
- How Will Alopecia Areata Affect My Life?
- How Can I Cope With the Effects of This Disease?
- What Are Some Promising Areas of Research?
- Where Can People Find More Information About Alopecia Areata?
- Key Words
What Causes It?
In alopecia areata, immune system cells called white blood cells attack the rapidly growing cells in the hair follicles. The affected hair follicles become small and drastically slow down hair production. Fortunately, the stem cells that continuously supply the follicle with new cells do not seem to be targeted. So the follicle always has the potential to regrow hair.
Scientists do not know exactly why the hair follicles undergo these changes, but they suspect that a combination of genes may predispose some people to the disease. In those who are genetically predisposed, some type of trigger—perhaps a virus or something in the person's environment—brings on the attack against the hair follicles.
Who Is Most Likely to Get It?
Alopecia areata affects nearly 2 percent of Americans of both sexes and of all ages and ethnic backgrounds. It often begins in childhood.
If you have a close family member with the disease, your risk of developing it is slightly increased. If your family member lost his or her first patch of hair before age 30, the risk to other family members is greater. Overall, one in five people with the disease has a family member who has it as well.
Is My Hair Loss a Symptom of a Serious Disease?
Alopecia areata is not a life-threatening disease. It does not cause any physical pain, and people with the condition are generally healthy otherwise. But for most people, a disease that unpredictably affects their appearance the way alopecia areata does is a serious matter.
The effects of alopecia areata are primarily socially and emotionally disturbing. In alopecia universalis, however, loss of eyelashes and eyebrows and hair in the nose and ears can make the person more vulnerable to dust, germs, and foreign particles entering the eyes, nose, and ears.
Alopecia areata often occurs in people whose family members have other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, pernicious anemia, or Addison's disease. People who have alopecia areata do not usually have other autoimmune diseases, but they do have a higher occurrence of thyroid disease, atopic eczema, nasal allergies, and asthma.
Can I Pass It On to My Children?
It is possible for alopecia areata to be inherited. However, most children with alopecia areata do not have a parent with the disease, and the vast majority of parents with alopecia areata do not pass it along to their children.
Alopecia areata is not like some genetic diseases in which a child has a 50–50 chance of developing the disease if one parent has it. Scientists believe that there may be a number of genes that predispose certain people to the disease. It is highly unlikely that a child would inherit all of the genes needed to predispose him or her to the disease.
Even with the right (or wrong) combination of genes, alopecia areata is not a certainty. In identical twins, who share all of the same genes, the concordance rate is only 55 percent. In other words, if one twin has the disease, there is only a 55-percent chance that the other twin will have it as well. This shows that other factors besides genetics are required to trigger the disease.
To learn more about the genes and other factors involved in alopecia areata risk, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) sponsored the development of an alopecia areata registry. (For more information about the registry, see "What Are Some Promising Areas of Research?")
Will My Hair Ever Grow Back?
There is every chance that your hair will regrow with or without treatment, but it may also fall out again. No one can predict when it might regrow or fall out. The course of the disease varies from person to person. Some people lose just a few patches of hair, then the hair regrows, and the condition never recurs. Other people continue to lose and regrow hair for many years. A few lose all the hair on the scalp; some lose all the hair on the scalp, face, and body. Even in those who lose all their hair, the possibility for full regrowth remains.
In some, the initial hair regrowth is white, with a gradual return of the original hair color. In most, the regrown hair is ultimately the same color and texture as the original hair.
What Can I Expect Next?
The course of alopecia areata is highly unpredictable, and the uncertainty of what will happen next is probably the most difficult and frustrating aspect of the disease. You may continue to lose hair, or your hair loss may stop. The hair you have lost may or may not grow back, and you may or may not continue to develop new bare patches.
How Is It Treated?
Although there is neither a cure for alopecia areata nor drugs approved for its treatment, some people find that medications approved for other purposes can help hair grow back, at least temporarily. The following are some treatments for alopecia areata. Keep in mind that although these treatments may promote hair growth, none of them prevent new patches or actually cure the underlying disease. Consult your health care professional about the best option for you. A combination of treatments may work best. Ask how long the treatment may last, how long it will take before you see results, and about the possible side effects.
- Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are powerful antiinflammatory drugs similar to a hormone called cortisol, which is produced in the body. Because these drugs suppress the immune system if given orally, they are often used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, including alopecia areata. Corticosteroids may be administered in three ways for alopecia areata:
- Local injections. Injections of steroids directly into hairless patches on the scalp, and sometimes the brow and beard areas, are effective in increasing hair growth in most people, and are the most common treatment in adults in the United States. Injections deliver small amounts of cortisone to affected areas, avoiding the more serious side effects encountered with long-term oral use. Side effects may include transient pain, as well as temporary depressions in the skin that usually fill in by themselves.
- Oral corticosteroids. Corticosteroids taken by mouth are a mainstay of treatment for many autoimmune diseases and may be used in extensive alopecia areata. But because of the risk of side effects of oral corticosteroids, such as hypertension, weight gain, osteoporosis, and cataracts, they are used only occasionally for alopecia areata and for short periods of time.
- Topical ointments. Ointments or creams containing steroids rubbed directly onto the affected area are less traumatic than injections and, therefore, are sometimes preferred for children. However, corticosteroid ointments and creams alone are less effective than injections.
- Minoxidil (5 percent). Topical minoxidil solution promotes hair growth in several conditions in which the hair follicle is small and not growing to its full potential. Minoxidil is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating male and female pattern hair loss. It may also be useful in promoting hair growth in alopecia areata. The topical solution, applied twice daily, has been shown to promote hair growth in both adults and children, and may be used on the scalp, eyebrow, and beard areas.
- Anthralin. Anthralin, a synthetic tar-like substance that alters immune function in the affected skin, is an approved treatment for psoriasis. Anthralin is also commonly used to treat alopecia areata. It is applied topically.
- Topical sensitizers. Topical sensitizers are medications that, when applied to the scalp, provoke an allergic reaction that leads to itching, scaling, and eventually hair growth. Two topical sensitizers are used in alopecia areata: squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) and diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP). They should be administered by doctors familiar with these products.
- Photochemotherapy. In photochemotherapy, a treatment used most commonly for psoriasis, a person is given a light-sensitive drug called a psoralen either orally or topically and then exposed to an ultraviolet light source. This combined treatment is called PUVA. Patients must go to a treatment center where the equipment is available at least two to three times per week. If used for long periods, the treatment may increase the risk of developing skin cancer.
- Alternative therapies. When drug treatments fail to bring sufficient hair regrowth, some people turn to alternative therapies. Alternatives purported to help alopecia areata include acupuncture, aromatherapy, evening primrose oil, zinc and vitamin supplements, and Chinese herbs. Most alternative therapies are not backed by clinical trials, and because hair can regrow spontaneously in alopecia areata, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these alternatives. Furthermore, just because these therapies are natural does not mean that they are safe. As with any therapy, it is best to discuss these treatments with your doctor before you try them.
In addition to treatments to help hair grow, there are measures that can be taken to minimize the effects of excessive sun exposure or discomforts of lost hair.
- Sunscreens are important for the scalp, face, and all exposed areas.
- Eyeglasses (or sunglasses) protect the eyes from excessive sun and from dust and debris when eyebrows or eyelashes are missing.
- Wigs, caps, or scarves protect the scalp from the sun and keep the head warm.
- An ointment applied inside the nostrils keeps them moisturized and helps to protect against organisms invading the nose when nostril hair is missing.
How Will Alopecia Areata Affect My Life?
This is a common question, particularly for children, teens, and young adults who are beginning to form lifelong goals and who may live with the effects of alopecia areata for many years. The comforting news is that alopecia areata is not a painful disease and does not make people feel sick physically. It is not contagious, and people who have the disease are generally healthy otherwise. It does not reduce life expectancy and it should not interfere with going to school, playing sports and exercising, pursuing any career, working, marrying, and raising a family.
The emotional aspects of living with hair loss, however, can be challenging. Many people cope by learning as much as they can about the disease, speaking with others who are facing the same problem, and, if necessary, seeking counseling to help build a positive self-image.
How Can I Cope With the Effects of This Disease?
Living with hair loss can be difficult, especially in a culture that views hair as a sign of youth and good health. Even so, most people with alopecia areata are well-adjusted, contented people living full lives.
The key to coping is valuing yourself for who you are, not for how much hair you have or don't have. Many people learning to cope with alopecia areata find it helpful to talk with other people who are dealing with the same problems. Nearly 2 percent of Americans have this disease at some point in their lives, so you are not alone. If you would like to be in touch with others with the disease, the National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF) can help through its pen pal program, message boards, annual conference, and support groups that meet in various locations nationwide. To find contact information for NAAF and other organizations that can help people with alopecia areata, see "Where Can People Find More Information About Alopecia Areata?"
Another way to cope with the disease is to minimize its effects on your appearance. If you have extensive hair loss, a wig or hairpiece can look natural and stylish. For small patches of hair loss, a hair-colored powder, cream, or crayon applied to the scalp can make hair loss less obvious by eliminating the contrast between the hair and the scalp. Skillfully applied eyebrow pencil can mask missing eyebrows.
Children with alopecia areata may prefer to wear bandanas or caps. There are many styles available to suit a child's interest and mood. It is often helpful if a parent informs teachers, coaches, and others that the child has alopecia areata, that it is not contagious, and that the child is healthy.
For women, attractive scarves can hide patchy hair loss, and proper makeup can camouflage the effects of lost facial hair. If you would like to learn more about camouflaging the cosmetic aspects of alopecia areata, ask your doctor or members of your local support group to recommend a cosmetologist who specializes in working with people whose appearance is affected by medical conditions.
What Are Some Promising Areas of Research?
Although a cure is not imminent, researchers are making headway toward a better understanding of the disease. This increased understanding will likely lead the way to better treatments for alopecia areata and eventually a way to cure it or even prevent it.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other organizations support research into the disease and its treatment. Here are some promising areas of research:
- Developing animal models. This is a critical step toward understanding any disease, and much progress has been made. Researchers have identified an inbred strain of mice that spontaneously develops a condition similar to the adult-onset form of alopecia areata. By studying mice with a disease similar to human alopecia areata, researchers hope to learn more about the mechanism of the disease and eventually develop immune system treatments for the disease in people.
- Studying hair follicle development. By studying how hair follicles form in mouse embryos, researchers hope to gain a better understanding of hair growth cycle biology that may lead to treatments for the underlying disease process.
- Understanding stem cell biology. Epithelial stem cells are immature cells that are responsible for regenerating and maintaining a variety of tissues, including the skin and the hair follicles. Stem cells in the follicle appear to be spared from injury in alopecia areata, which may explain why the potential for regrowth is always there in people with the disease. By studying the biology of these cells, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of factors that trigger the disease.
- Finding genes. Scientists are studying the possible genetic causes and mechanisms of the disease both in families that have one or more people with the disease and in the general population. They look at families with three or more affected individuals and then look at large numbers of unrelated affected people and compare their genetic markers with unaffected people; this is called a "genomewide association study" or "GWAS."
- Scientists have identified genetic variations associated with the development of alopecia areata. They also discovered that alopecia areata has genetic similarities to other autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and celiac disease. An understanding of the genetics of the disorder will aid in disease prevention, early intervention, and development of specific therapies. To assist researchers searching for such genetic clues, the NIAMS sponsored the development of the National Alopecia Areata Registry, a network of five centers, to identify and register patients with the disease and collect information and blood samples (which contain genes). Data, including genetic information, is made available to researchers studying the genetic basis and other aspects of the disease and disease risk. For more information, log onto the registry website at www.AlopeciaAreataRegistry.org.
More information on research is available from the following resources:
- ClinicalTrials.gov offers up-to-date information for locating federally and privately supported clinical trials for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
Website: www.clinicaltrials.gov
- NIH Clinical Research Trials and You helps people learn more about clinical trials, why they matter, and how to participate.
Website: www.nih.gov/health/clinicaltrials
- NIH RePORTER is an electronic tool that allows users to search a repository of both intramural and extramural NIH-funded research projects from the past 25 years and access publications (since 1985) and patents resulting from NIH funding.
Website: www.projectreporter.nih.gov
- PubMed is a free service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine that lets you search millions of journal citations and abstracts in the fields of medicine,
nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and preclinical sciences.
Website: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
Where Can People Find More Information About Alopecia Areata?
You can get additional information through the following organizations:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
Other Resources
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
National Institutes of Health
Website: http://nccam.nih.gov
National Alopecia Areata Foundation (NAAF)
Website: http://www.naaf.org
American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
Website: http://www.aad.org
American Hair Loss Council
Website: http://www.ahlc.org
For additional contact information, visit the NIAMS website or call the NIAMS Information Clearinghouse.
Key Words
Acupuncture. A traditional Chinese system of healing in which symptoms are relieved by inserting needles beneath the skin at selected points and then stimulating the points by rotating the needles or exposing them to heat or electrical current.
Addison's disease. A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands (a pair of glands situated on top of the kidneys) fail to secrete enough corticosteroid hormones. Without treatment, the disease can be fatal.
Alopecia areata. An autoimmune, often reversible disease in which loss of hair occurs in sharply defined areas usually involving the scalp or beard, but any area of the body where hair grows can be affected.
Alopecia areata totalis. A form of alopecia areata characterized by the total loss of hair on the scalp.
Alopecia areata universalis. A form of alopecia areata in which all hair on the scalp, face, and body is lost.
Aromatherapy. The therapeutic use of essential oils (highly concentrated aromatic extracts distilled from a variety of aromatic plant materials including grasses, leaves, flowers, needles and twigs, fruit peels, wood, and roots) to promote the health of body, mind, and spirit.
Autoimmune disease. A disease that results when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes are autoimmune diseases ("auto" means self).
Chemotherapy. The use of strong drugs to suppress the immune system. Though originally associated with cancer treatment, chemotherapy is used for many different diseases involving the immune system.
Corticosteroids. Potent anti-inflammatory hormones that are made naturally in the body or synthetically (man-made) for use as drugs. They are also called glucocorticoids. The most commonly prescribed drug of this type is prednisone.
Diabetes. A disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that is necessary to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy.
Evening primrose oil. The oil of a weedy plant containing the essential fatty acid gamma linolenic acid (GLA), which is converted into anti-inflammatory agents by the body. Evening primrose oil is available as a nutritional supplement and touted as a pain and inflammation reliever.
Hair follicle. A small, narrow, tube-like structure in the skin from which hair grows.
Immune system. A complex network of specialized cells and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by "foreign" invaders such as bacteria and viruses. In some autoimmune conditions, it appears that the immune system does not function properly and may attack the body's own tissues by mistake.
Pernicious anemia. A potentially dangerous form of anemia, usually caused by an autoimmune process, which results in a deficiency of vitamin B-12.
Rheumatoid arthritis. An autoimmune disease that targets primarily the membrane lining the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and joint deformity.
Systemic lupus erythematosus. A chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue that can attack and damage the skin, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs.
Topical sensitizers. Medications that, when applied to the scalp, provoke an allergic reaction that leads to itching, scaling, and often hair growth. They include squaric acid dibutyl ester and diphenylcyclopropenone.
The NIAMS gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following individuals in the preparation and review of previous versions of this booklet: George Cotsarelis, M.D., University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia; Vicki Kalabokes, National Alopecia Areata Foundation, San Rafael, CA; Alan Moshell, M.D., NIAMS, NIH; and David Norris, M.D., University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. A special acknowledgement goes to Vera Price, M.D., University of California, San Francisco, for assistance in the preparation of an updated version of this booklet. Mary Anne Dunkin was the original author of a previous version of this booklet.
For Your Information
This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released.
For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Toll Free: 888–INFO–FDA (888–463–6332)
Website: http://www.fda.gov
For updates and questions about statistics, please contact
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics
Website: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs
This publication is not copyrighted. Readers are encouraged to duplicate and distribute as many copies as needed.
Additional copies of this publication are available from:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: email@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
NIH Publication No. 12-5143


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The drug, physostigmine, when administered to people by infusion in laboratory tests, aids and improves performance of everyday working memory. Working memory is the process which temporarily holds information such as a phone number until a person gets to a phone to dial the number.
In a new laboratory study, conducted at the National Institute on Aging (NIA), researchers used positron emission tomography (PET) to find and monitor the areas of the human brain that are activated during working memory, and to determine how activity in those regions is modified by a working memory enhancing drug.
Physostigmine is a short-acting drug that enhances levels of a substance (acetylcholine) between neurons in the brain. The drug improves efficiency and reduces the effort needed to perform working memory tasks while altering the activity of some of the brain regions activated by this memory task. The results of this study are reported in the June 10, 1997 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*.
NIA scientist and lead author of the study, Maura Furey, Ph.D., points out that during the brief period the investigators monitored brain activity, the volunteers' abilities to recognize faces they had just been shown was improved when given the test drug. Furey continues, "A better understanding of how working memory functions could give us valuable clues as to how our brains process and manipulate such information. It could also teach us about how drugs that alter some cognitive processes, such as working memory, influence the brain's response."
Tacrine, the first approved drug for treatment against Alzheimer's disease, acts on the acetylcholine system in a way similar to physostigmine. Dr. Furey believes that since physostigmine improved the brain's response to memory tasks (which are related to observed improvements in performance), similar drugs that enhance the cholinergic system might help relieve symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients. For now however, tacrine is a more practical drug to use clinically to relieve the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease since it is longer-acting than this form of physostigmine.
To conduct their study, Dr. Furey and colleagues recruited volunteers to NIA laboratories for a series of ten PET scans. The volunteers were separated into control and experimental groups which were matched by age, education, and gender. The ten PET scans allowed researchers to identify the areas of the brain where activity was taking place. The scans alternated between resting and memory task assignments. During the task scans for each trial, volunteers were shown a picture of a person's face, followed by a brief delay period during which subjects had to retain the information, followed by a test condition where subjects had to select from two faces, one of which they had seen earlier. The faces were then changed for each subsequent trial. The control volunteers received only saline during their brain scans whereas the experimental volunteers received physostigmine. Drug levels were checked after each scan by taking blood samples. PET scan results were then evaluated to identify those areas of the brain that were active during working memory to determine how the two conditions differed, both with and without physostigmine.
The results of the trials showed that enhancing acetylcholine transmission with physostigmine resulted in improved working memory performance and altered neural activity in a cortical region known to be important to this memory task. Pietro Pietrini, M.D., NIA scientist and another author of the study, points out that the mechanisms by which physostigmine acts remain unclear. The drug may enhance efficiency during the processing of information by focusing attention on the task at hand or it could help minimize the effects of distracting stimuli. Either way, a more efficient working memory could be a great advantage for Alzheimer's disease patients and other memory-impaired people. Pietrini points out that the NIA is currently involved in a more in-depth analysis of working memory using a different imaging technique (functional MRI) that he hopes will lead us to an even better understanding of this intriguing aspect of brain function.
Working on this study along with Drs. Furey and Pietrini were G.E. Alexander, Ph.D., H.C. Lee, M.D., J. VanMeter, M.D., C.L. Grady, Ph.D., U. Shetty, Ph.D., S.I. Rapoport, M.D., M.B. Schapiro, M.D., and U. Freo, M.D., of the NIA and J.V. Haxby, Ph.D., now at the National Institute of Mental Health, another of the 18 institutes along with the NIA that make up the National Institutes of Health. The National Institute on Aging leads the Federal effort supporting basic, clinical, epidemiological and social research on aging, Alzheimer's disease, and the special needs of older people.
*ML Furey, P Pietrini, et al, Cholinergic stimulation alters performance and task-specific regional cerebral blood flow during working memory, PNAS, 94 (1997).
For more information on the NIA and aging in general, please visit our web site at http://www.


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Xylitol pastilles, chewing gum and toothpaste are manufactured in our own factory in Puhos, Finland.
The delivery can be expected within 3 to 5 business days in EU and from 5 to 10 days outside EU from the dispatch date.
The xylitol pastilles, xylitol chewing gum or toothpaste order can be done and paid at website.
Shopper registration is not needed. For the initial registration process due to delivery we need your name, billing and delivery address, email address, and appropriate telephone contact number if problems are observed during the delivery. Registration information is not used in marketing.
You can pay by the options displayed on the website. Klarna's Buyer Protection, PayPal or Checkout Finland Oy offers online international payment services. Your payment information and credit card information will be encrypted to minimize the possibility of unauthorized access or disclosure. Authority for payment must be given at the time of order.
Delivery expenses are shown before paying the order. GLS Finland offers reliable shipping solutions in Europe. Its core market is Europe, where it is one of the leading parcel carriers. GLS has nationwide networks. Finnish Posti offers shipping solutions outside Europe. The delivery costs are paid with the order.
The delivery can be expected within 2 to 4 business days in Europe and from 5 -10 days outside Europe from the dispatch date.
If the product does not meet your expectations, you may return or exchange it within 14 days of receiving it. If the packages of xylitol or dental products have been opened we do not return the full refund. You are responsible for the cost of returning the goods. You are also responsible for returning the goods to us in order to receive a full refund and delivery expenses are NOT returned.
Orders shipped outside the EU contains all the necessary documents. When receiving the order outside the EU, the buyer is fully liable for the payment of the customs duty from the amount exceeding the tax-free purchase limit. If you are not sure, we recommend to contact customs authorities of your country and clarify the conditions of customs duties and taxes.


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Photo By: Dan Piassick, Piassick Photo
Photo By: Daniel Rivera
Photo By: Stephanie Diani
Photo By: Tria Giovan
Photo By: Kyle Carpenter
Photo By: Brittney Gazaway; Styling by H. Camille Smith
Photo By: Hot Pink Pineapples
Photo By: Melissa George, Polished Habitat
Photo By: Mark Pinkerton, vi360
Photo By: 3Sixty
Eclectic Home Office With Spanish Influence
This beautiful Spanish hacienda is decorated in simple neutrals and warm woods. To add color, cobalt blue is used throughout the home. Here, in the home office, the hue is introduced through a diamond-patterned area rug, pillows and Mexican tile fireplace surround. A traditional wooden desk with turned legs is paired with a more contemporary leather chair to give the workspace an updated look.
Visit Original Photo
Neutral Contemporary Living Room With Black Stools
The main entry opens into this handsome formal living room where silverly wallpaper and an airy chandelier set a regal stage. Colors are all gradations of earth tones; a few blacks and dark browns act as visual anchors.
HGTV House Hunters: Dining Out in a Polynesian Paradise
As seen on HGTV's House Hunters, there's plenty of fun to be had at this ocean-front home on the island of Honolulu, with its brightly colored dining space and low-maintenance blue-stone tiles. The house itself is constructed in a Polynesian style, complete with a thatched roof and other island amenities.
Interior Designer Student Carrie Carrollo at Home
Interior design student and freelance writer Carrie Carrollo sits in her Manhattan studio living room.
Colorful Patio Overlooking a Golf Course
This colorful patio features pink-and-white striped curtains paired with striped blue-and-white furniture cushions. It's easy to enjoy an afternoon outside while overlooking the lush Lyford Cay Golf Course views.
Refined Bedroom With Blue and White Canopy
This bedroom is makes a dramatic statement with a blue and white cornice canopy overhead. The wicker accents give the space a tropical vibe.
Modern Corner Kitchen
Check out this beautiful modern corner kitchen with crisp, white walls and hardwood flooring. The dark cabinets and under-mounted sink with marble countertops are positioned beneath large abstract art, while the oven is placed beneath oversized windows letting in lots of natural light.
Guest Room With Round Window Overlooking Pool
This guest room surveys the golf course and swimming pool through a large round window. The bamboo furnishings bring a tropical vibe to the space and the blue chair, rug and bed are reminiscent of the nearby ocean.
Tropical Sitting Room Wows With Blue Bohemian Peacock Chairs
The star of this tropical-style sitting room is the pair of blue peacock chairs. The beige walls provide the perfect backdrop to the blues and whites seen in the furnishings. The palm leaves provide an extra dose of tropical vibes and are a great color compliment to the blue and beige colors.
Layer Bedding for a Designer Look
What's the #1 trick designers use when making the bed? Layers and lots of them — from cheery colors to pretty patterns to textures you can't wait to touch, layering the bed allows you to flex your creativity for a look that's anything but a snooze.
An Island Oasis
For Cynthia Moreno, the West Hollywood-based creative behind Hot Pink Pineapples, cane means warmth and texture without bulk or heaviness. "The natural fibers really pop with light colors, specifically pastels," Cyn tells HGTV.com. A trip to Byron Bay, Australia last year inspired her blush dining room, which plays host to Joybird's Florence Sideboard. "[Natural fibers against neutral colors] creates this modern island vibe that's light, subtle and clean," she says.
Pegboard Storage Wall in Home Gym
Pegboards are great tools for organizing because they take a mishmash of items and turn them into one unified display. Think outside the garage and use pegboards inside the house in unique spaces – like a mini-home gym in front of your exercise equipment.
Sitting Room Located Off Foyer
This sitting room features a neutral wall covering with teal, navy and light blue furnishings that bring a colorful tropical vibe to the space. On the wall, is a photo taken by Slim Aarons in the 1970s giving the space a vintage feel.
Tropical Office Space
If you have to work while on vacation, this stylish spot is where to do it. The wicker desk and shell accessories keep in line with the tropical-style seen throughout the home. A large mirror overhead, allows the natural light to bounce around and keep a bright and airy feel throughout the space.
Backyard Raised Garden Beds
A quadrant of raised garden beds keeps fresh vegetables just steps away from the Mediterranean home's kitchen. In the center is a star-shaped bed that is as functional as it is stylish.
Entryway Features Walls of Coralina Stone
The entry of this vacation home, located in the Bahamas, is sure to impress with its walls of Coralina stone. Adding to the tropical-style of the home, the bohemian peacock chairs and palm branches bring the tropics inside.
Midcentury Rattan and Bamboo Tiki Bar
This home, located in the Caribbean, fittingly features a bamboo tiki bar with accenting rattan furnishings. A picture from the 1970s of the home thatched is featured behind the bar, which was taken by Slim Aarons. The interior designer was sure to include the home's historic past in her design.
Refined Guest Bedroom Features a Canopy of Draperies
This guest room features a red and white bed cornice with a canopy of draperies, adding a dramatic flair to the room. The wicker chair gives nod to the home's tropical location in the Bahamas.
Bucolic Outdoor Space with Masonry and Stone Pavers
Using stone pavers and extending the stone wall into the landscape helps embrace the natural beauty of the landscape.


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Ryan Raburn homered twice for the second straight game and the Cleveland Indians hit seven home runs in all, routing the Philadelphia Phillies 14-2 Tuesday night.
The Indians set a major league high this season for homers in a game. Cleveland has won three in a row, outscoring opponents 33-5 in that span.
Philadelphia had won three in a row before Roy Halladay (2-3) got tagged. Activated from the disabled list before the game, Delmon Young homered in his first at-bat for Philadelphia.
Raburn hit a two-run homer in the fifth inning and a solo drive in the seventh. It was the sixth two-homer game of his career, including Monday's performance against Kansas City.
Cleveland's first five homers were two-run shots. Carlos Santana, Mark Reynolds and Lonnie Chisenhall homered off Halladay, then Raburn and Michael Brantley homered off Chad Durbin.
Raburn and Drew Stubbs hit back-to-back shots in the seventh against Raul Valdes. The Indians fell one homer short of the franchise record of eight, set in 1997 and matched in 2004.
Halladay gave up eight runs and nine hits in 3 2-3 innings. Coming off three strong outings, he gave up homers in the first to Santana and Reynolds.
Given a 12-1 lead in the fifth, Zach McAllister (2-3) coasted. He gave up two runs in seven innings on solo homers by Young and Chase Utley.
Young, slowed this year while recovering from ankle surgery, homered in the second. He was hit by a pitch in the fifth and singled in the sixth.
The interleague game featured managers who had guided both teams.
Phillies manager Charlie Manuel went 220-190 with the Indians from 2000-2002, while Cleveland's Terry Francona was 285-363 with Philadelphia from 1997-2000.
Indians outfielder Nick Swisher missed the game with a sore left shoulder, and Francona said he might also sit out Wednesday night. Outfielder Michael Bourn, who hasn't played since April 14 when he cut his right index finger, was eligible to come off the 15-day disabled list but will be sidelined for at least a few more days.
Swisher, Bourn and Reynolds were key offseason signings for the Indians in the offseason. Reynolds finished April with eight home runs and 22 RBIs.
NOTES: The Indians have played a major league-low nine home games this year. They opened a nine-game homestand. ... Ryan Howard extended his hitting streak to 11 games for the Phillies with a sixth-inning double. ... The teams wrap up their two-game interleague series Wednesday as Philadelphia LHP Cliff Lee (2-1) faces the Indians for the first time since Cleveland traded him to the Phillies during the 2009 season. "It doesn't feel like it's been that long since I played here," said Lee, who won the AL Cy Young in 2008. "Tomorrow is just another outing, but it's going to be interesting and it's going to be neat." ... RHP Trevor Bauer (0-1) will be called up from Triple-A Columbus to start for the Indians. He lost his only start of the season against Tampa Bay on April 6, walking seven and allowing three runs in five innings. ... Phillies OF Ben Revere (sore quadriceps) returned from a four-game absence and batted ninth, going hitless in three at-bats.


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"We call on authorities to drop the trumped-up criminal charges against Urinboy Usmonov and Makhmadyusuf Ismoilov in northern Tajikistan and release them immediately and unconditionally," CPJ Europe and Central Asia Program Coordinator Nina Ognianova said. "Both journalists are being punished for nothing other than their independent reporting on issues of public interest."
Usmonov is charged with extremism, while Ismoilov faces defamation, insult and extortion charges. All charges have been fabricated, CPJ research shows. If convicted on Friday, Usmonov faces up to five years in prison while Ismoilov could be sentenced to up to 16 years.


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Out in the street, they call it murder
[Verse 1]
Welcome to Jamrock
Camp where the thugs dem camp at
Two pound ah weed inna van back
It inna ya hand bag, ya knapsack
It inna ya backpack
The smell ah give your girlfriend contact
Some boy nuh know dis
Dem only come around like tourist
On the beach with a few club sodas
Bedtime stories, and pose like dem name Chuck Norris
And don't know the real hardcore
Cause Sandals ah nuh back to
Di thugs dem will do whe dem got to
And won't think twice to shot you
Don't make dem spot you, unless you carry guns a lot too
A bare tuff ting come at you
When Trenchtown man stop laff an lock arrf traffic
Then dem wheel and pop off and dem start clap it
With the pin file down an it ah beat rapid
Police coming inna jeep and dem cyaan stop it
Some say dem ah playboy, ah playboy rabbit
*Funny man ah* get dropped like a bad habit
So nuh bodah pose tuff if you don't have it
Rastafari stands alone
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock
Out in the street, they call it murder
[Verse 2]
Welcome to Jam down
Poor people ah dead at random
Political violence, cyaan done
Pure ghost and phantom
The youth dem get blind by stardom
Now the kings of kings ah call
Old man to pickney, so wave unuh hand if you with me
To see this sufferation sick me
Dem suit no fit me,
To win election dem trick we
Then dem don't do no ting at all
C'mon let's face it, a ghetto education's basic
And most ah de youths dem waste it
And when dem waste it
That's when dem take the guns replace it
Then dem don't stand a chance at all
And that's why ah nuff likkle youth have up some fat 'matic
With di extra magazine inna dem back pocket
And ah bleach a night time inna some black jacket
All who nah lock Glocks, ah dem a lock rocket
They will full you up ah current like ah short circuit
Dem a run ah road back which part the cops block it
And from now till a mornin' nuh stop clock it
If dem run outta rounds ah bruck back ratchet
Welcome to Jamrock
(Southside, Northside)
Welcome to Jamrock
(East Coast, West Coast, huh, yo)
Welcome to Jamrock
(Cornwall, Middlesex and Surrey, yah)
Hey, welcome to Jamrock
Out in the street, they call it murder
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, now
Jamaica, Jamaica, yo, Jamaica, Jamaica
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock
Welcome to Jamrock
Jamrock is Damian Marley's personification of the poverty stricken areas in Jamaica which have fallen victim to political corruption and gang violence.
In this song Damian shows a side of Jamiaca that we do not see in advertisements on TV for tourists. This song is gritty, grimey and 100% real
This song contains samples from Ini Kamoze's "World a Reggae"


text:
ALEX Toys Rub a Dub Whale of a Time
by ALEX Toys
Please check your favorite toy retailer for availability. Prices may vary.
Buy Online:
Product Description
Have a whale of a time in the tub! This tub time friend suction cups to the wall and lets you stack his 'cup' friend on top. Each cup plays differently: spray, spin and twirl for fun.
There are no reviews yet.


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About Us
This site brings together all the leading rental vehicle brands, as well as many of the independents, so you don't need to spend hours on the internet searching to find who operates from the airport you are planning to fly into!
We offer some of the best deals around because we operate an internet only service and are able to pass on the savings of not operating this service to you when you book online!
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When you book we ask you whether you are interested in receiving further offers from us. If you decline, we will not email you with such offers. We also always give you the opportunity to unsubscribe and opt out of receiving these emails. We treat your details as confidential and we NEVER disclose your information to third parties other than the supplier who is fulfilling your rental.
This website is owned and operated by Car Rental Republic Ltd, a specialist in worldwide car rental distribution. Our financial centre and marketing office is based at Level 5, 12 Madden Street, Auckland, New Zealand. Thank you for booking with us.


text:
ELH necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 50 diseños de 14 diseñadores freelance.
'Rose Out of Concrete' Organisation
I am the founder of a youth engagement organisation, based in the UK, which inspires and empowers children and young people to achieve their full potential irrespective of their background and circumstances.
The organisation has been operating for awhile,almost in the background,without a strong identity, however it is time for it to come from the shadows and into the foreground,thus establishing itself as the main youth organisation within the UK.
So far it has been creating ripples and I want to create waves !!
My main target audience is children and young people from 5 - 25 years old, however we need to also appeal to schools,youth services and other government bodies as they can commission us to provide youth programmes also so the logo will need to appeal to both young people and corporate bodies.
I am looking for a logo/brand that represents my organisation 'Rose Out of Concrete' and what it stands for.
The logo must portray the message of a rose growing and blossoming out of harsh conditions. I am open to suggestions. The main thing is conveying the message and ethos of the company via the logo/brand
1. No Cartoons - I want it to be 'young' but not cheap or childlike as it is a serious organisation dealing with serious issues
2. Nothing elegant or fancy - Needs to be impacting,eye catching and edgy
3. If letters are used,the typeface should be clear and simple.The abbreviation 'ROOC' is acceptable.
4. The image must be strong as it will potentially be used on T shirt designs
5. Not too many colours, as we are a charity, but still needs to be vibrant and eye catching (especially for the T shirts)
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Installation guide
This document is a guide for installing Arch Linux from the live system booted with the official installation image. Before installing, it would be advised to view the FAQ. For conventions used in this document, see Help:Reading.
For more detailed instructions, see the respective ArchWiki articles or the various programs' man pages, both linked from this guide. See archlinux(7) for an overview of the configuration. For interactive help, the IRC channel and the forums are also available.
Arch Linux should run on any x86_64-compatible machine with a minimum of 512 MB RAM. A basic installation with all packages from the base group should take less than 800 MB of disk space. As the installation process needs to retrieve packages from a remote repository, a working internet connection is required.
Download and boot the installation medium as explained in Category:Getting and installing Arch. You will be logged in on the first virtual console as the root user, and presented with a Zsh shell prompt; common commands such as systemctl(1) can be tab-completed.
To switch to a different console—for example, to view this guide with ELinks alongside the installation—use the
Alt+arrow shortcut. To edit configuration files, nano, vi and vim are available.
Set the keyboard layout
The default console keymap is US. To list available layouts, run
ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz.
To modify the layout, append a file name to loadkeys(1), omitting path and file extension. For example, run
loadkeys de-latin1 to set a German keyboard layout.
Console fonts are located in
/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/ and can likewise be set with setfont(8).
Verify the boot mode
If UEFI mode is enabled on an UEFI motherboard, Archiso will boot Arch Linux accordingly via systemd-boot. To verify this, list the efivars directory:
# ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
If the directory does not exist, the system may be booted in BIOS or CSM mode. Refer to your motherboard's manual for details.
Connect to the Internet
The installation image enables the dhcpcd daemon on boot for wired devices, and will attempt to start a connection. Verify internet connectivity is available, for example with ping:
# ping archlinux.org
If none is available, stop the dhcpcd service with
systemctl stop dhcpcd@<TAB> and see Network configuration.
For wireless connections, iw(8), wpa_supplicant(8) and netctl are available. See Wireless network configuration.
Update the system clock
Use timedatectl(1) to ensure the system clock is accurate:
# timedatectl set-ntp true
To check the service status, use
timedatectl status.
Partition the disks
When recognized by the live system, disks are assigned to a block device such as
/dev/sda. To identify these devices, use lsblk or fdisk — results ending in
loop or
airoot may be ignored:
# fdisk -l
The following partitions (shown with a numerical suffix) are required for a chosen device:
- One partition for the root directory
- If UEFI is enabled, an EFI System Partition.
Swap space can be set on a separate partition or a swap file.
To modify partition tables, use fdisk or parted. See Partitioning for more information.
If wanting to create any stacked block devices for LVM, disk encryption or RAID, do it now.
Format the partitions
Once the partitions have been created, each must be formatted with an appropriate file system. For example, to format the root partition on
/dev/sda1 with
ext4, run:
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
See File systems#Create a file system for details.
Mount the file systems
Mount the file system on the root partition to
/mnt, for example:
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
Create mount points for any remaining partitions and mount them accordingly, for example:
# mkdir /mnt/boot # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot
genfstab will later detect mounted file systems and swap space.
Select the mirrors
Packages to be installed must be downloaded from mirror servers, which are defined in
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist. On the live system, all mirrors are enabled, and sorted by their synchronization status and speed at the time the installation image was created.
The higher a mirror is placed in the list, the more priority it is given when downloading a package. You may want to edit the file accordingly, and move the geographically closest mirrors to the top of the list, although other criteria should be taken into account.
This file will later be copied to the new system by pacstrap, so it is worth getting right.
Install the base packages
Use the pacstrap script to install the base package group:
# pacstrap /mnt base
This group does not include all tools from the live installation, such as btrfs-progs or specific wireless firmware; see packages.both for comparison.
To install packages and other groups such as base-devel, append the names to pacstrap (space separated) or to individual pacman commands after the #Chroot step.
Configure the system
Generate an fstab file (use
-U or
-L to define by UUID or labels, respectively):
# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Check the resulting file in
/mnt/etc/fstab afterwards, and edit it in case of errors.
Change root into the new system:
# arch-chroot /mnt
Time zone
Set the time zone:
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
Run hwclock(8) to generate
# hwclock --systohc
This command assumes the hardware clock is set to UTC. See Time#Time standard for details.
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed localizations in
/etc/locale.gen, and generate them with:
# locale-gen
Set the
LANG variable in locale.conf(5) accordingly, for example:
If you set the keyboard layout, make the changes persistent in vconsole.conf(5):
Create the hostname(5) file:
Consider adding a matching entry to hosts(5):
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
See also Network configuration#Set the hostname.
Network configuration
The newly installed environment has no network connection activated per default. See Network configuration to configure one.
For Wireless configuration, install the iw and wpa_supplicant packages, as well as needed firmware packages. Optionally install dialog for usage of wifi-menu.
Creating a new initramfs is usually not required, because mkinitcpio was run on installation of the linux package with pacstrap.
For special configurations, modify the mkinitcpio.conf(5) file and recreate the initramfs image:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
Root password
Set the root password:
# passwd
Boot loader
See Category:Boot loaders for available choices and configurations.
If you have an Intel CPU, install the intel-ucode package in addition, and enable microcode updates.
Exit the chroot environment by typing
exit or pressing
Optionally manually unmount all the partitions with
umount -R /mnt: this allows noticing any "busy" partitions, and finding the cause with fuser(1).
Finally, restart the machine by typing
reboot: any partitions still mounted will be automatically unmounted by systemd. Remember to remove the installation media and then login into the new system with the root account.
See General recommendations for system management directions and post-installation tutorials (like setting up a graphical user interface, sound or a touchpad).
For a list of applications that may be of interest, see List of applications.


text:
Hello my darlings!!! And a Happy New Year; I hope 2014 will be the best year ever, for all of you, may all your dreams and wishes come true.
With the beginning of a new year, I took the decision of closing down my blog. I know you've seen that I neglected my blog and I don't want to do that anymore. That is why, for now, I will say GOODBYE, it was amazing, I had 3 magical years next to you. Maybe, one day I will be back, but for now… GOODBYE MY LOVES!


text:
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Post Written by Liberty Speaks original can be found HERE
The Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (HR 6156) was signed into law by Pres. Obama on Friday, December 14th of this year. The law is designed to punish those officials in Russia responsible for Sergei Magnitsky's death in 2009. He was a "whistle blower" Sergei exposed massive fraud involving millions of dollars, whose testimony implicated the Russian police, the judiciary, tax officials, bankers and the Russian Mob. Instead of opening an investigation on the police the Russian authorities opened one on Sergei. He was accused of colluding with the same people and organizations he exposed. He was arrested, put into prison and was held without trial for eleven months. According to the Russian Helsinki Group he had been beaten and tortured by members of the Russian Ministry, he had also developed health complications while in prison and was denied medical treatment. Treatment that would have saved his life. The law that is in his name…
Directs the Secretary of State to publish and update a list of each person the Secretary has reason to believe:
(1) is responsible for the detention, abuse, or death of Sergei Magnitsky, participated in related liability concealment efforts, financially benefited from Sergei Magnitsky's detention, abuse, or death, or was involved in the criminal conspiracy uncovered by Sergei Magnitsky; or
(2) is responsible for extrajudicial killings, torture, or other human rights violations committed against individuals seeking to expose illegal activity carried out by Russian officials, or against persons seeking to promote human rights and freedoms. Makes an alien on such list ineligible to enter or be admitted to the United States. Revokes any visa issued for such person. Authorizes the Secretary to waive such prohibition if in the U.S. national security interest. Requires congressional notification of any such waiver.
Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to freeze and prohibit U.S. property transactions of an individual who is on the list or who acts as an agent for a listed individual. Authorizes the Secretary to waive such actions if in the U.S. national security interest. Requires congressional notification of any such waiver. Subjects a person who violates, attempts to violate, or causes a violation of such prohibitions to specified penalties.
In response to President Obama signing this bill, in a retaliatory action , the Russian Duma put forth an outrageous and egregious new bill of their own called the Dima Yakovlev List. It imposes Visa and financial sanctions on Americans who have violated the rights and freedoms of Russians. Under one provision of the law, US citizens are banned from adopting Russian children. It was named after a Russian born adopted child who died while in the care of his American adoptive father Miles Harrison in 2008. The father was acquitted in the case in 2009. It was a tragic story of a child unintentionally left out in a hot car. We have heard the story many times, how ever in this case the adoptive father was found not guilty. Russian officials were furious over the verdict and wanted to open an investigation of their own and called for restrictions on adoptions of Russian Children by US parents. 1996 and 2009, 14 Russian born adopted children had died of abuse, however, to give some context since 1991 there have been over 60,000 Russian children adopted by US citizens.
In a statement to the New York Times released after the verdict in the Harrison case, then United States ambassador to Russia, John Beyrle, said it would be wrong to severely restrict adoptions by Americans because of the case, which he called "a terrible tragedy……"
"….We should keep in mind the tens of thousands of extremely successful adoptions by Americans of Russian children, children who in many cases maintain a connection with their Russian roots," he said. "and we should think of the thousands of Russian children who do not have parents and who currently live in state-supported institutions."
Unfortunately, President Vladimir Putin, signed in to law the Dima Yakovlev list yesterday. This effectively destroyed the hopes of 52 Russian children who were already in the system to be placed in the homes of American families who will now remain in Russia. Many of these children had already spent time with their soon to be adoptive parents, many of whom, with out the chance of adoption will now face the heartbreaking reality of a very uncertain future. Many of Russia's orphans it is estimated that 50-to 90% will find themselves suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction when they grow up and an alarming high number of them turn to suicide. It is estimated that there are 800,000 and some reports say up to 2.5 million orphans if you include street children in Russia today.
Senator John McCain (R) made the statement to Fox News on Friday,… "Our law singles out and punishes individual Russian officials who are corrupt and complicit in gross human rights abuses," Senator McCain goes on to say…"Russia's barring of adoptions broadly punishes the neediest, most defenseless, and most innocent members of its own society."
President Vladimir Putin, who now is the human rights violator in this story? The most innocent, not the violators of human rights are being punished. Exploiting your own country's children as political pawns is reprehensible. DO what a Leader of a country should do…punish those within the Russian Government who are responsible for the torture and killing of Sergei Magnitsky. Bring them to their deserved justice regardless of party. Revoke the Dima Yakovlev list Law. Tens of thousands of Russian children have been brought to our country by legal adoption over the last two decades. Those adoptive parents do this with unconditional love and desire for a child with the intent to offer a loving family. Please do not shatter the dreams of your children for a better life than what they are condemned to in your orphanages in which they sadly call home.
-Liberty Speaks


text:
/ Wednesday, October 28, 2009 / 10 Comments / Condiments and Sauces , Malaysian , Seafood
River Prawns With Sweet And Sour Chili Sauce
Today, I am posting a River Prawns recipe using the sauce from my Sweet And Sour Chili Crabs. As some of you may know, that sweet and sour chili crab is probably the most popular crab dish in Malaysia and Singapore. So, do you know the key ingredients needed to make that fantastic sweet, sour, and spicy sauce? Well, it's the good old bottled tomato ketchup and chili sauce condiment you have in your kitchen, believe it or not.
If you can't get hold of river prawns, then, you can consider using spot prawns instead. These two variety of prawns have a similar texture, the flesh is tender and juicier. Whichever type of prawns you opt to use, make sure you toast some bread or have some steamed rice to mop-up that delicious sauce. Enjoy!
River Prawns With Sweet And Sour Chili Sauce
(Printable Recipe)
1 lb River Prawns (8/12 per lb), washed and pat dry
3 cloves Garlic, chopped
1/2 inch Ginger, chopped
1 medium Yellow Onion, diced
8 Thai Birds-eye Chilies, finely chopped
2 Eggs, lightly beaten
Peanut oil for deep-frying
2 Tbsp Rice Wine Vinegar
8 Tbsp Ketchup
3 Tbsp "Maggi" brand Chili Sauce 2 tsp Sugar
1 tsp Corn flour
1 Tbsp Soy Sauce
1 1/2 cup Water
In a large wok over high heat, add enough oil and pan fry the prawns. Then set aside.
Remove the oil from the wok and reserve about 2 Tbsp. Turn the heat on medium and add the ginger, garlic, yellow onion and chilies. Cook the mixture until fragrant.
Then mix in the prepared sauce and bring it to a boil.
Add the prawns and stir briefly. Then add the beaten eggs and stir until all the eggs are cook and well combined. Serve immediately!
10 comments:
Ever since I first tasted chilli crab at a hawker market in Singapore, I've wanted to know how to make that sauce. Now you've revealed the secret. I'm jumping for joy!ReplyDelete
How lovely! I love the pure quality of your photography.ReplyDelete
I've never seen a river prawn before - wow!! sounds great with the chilis.ReplyDelete
the sweet and sour and tangy sauce is irresistable!!. great clicks too!.ReplyDelete
Hummm!!!! This seems so good and tastaful, I love prawns, great recipe :DReplyDelete
Paula Pacheco
What a gorgeous photo and thank you so very much for the recipes. I've never forgotten the utter deliciousness of the chili crabs eaten in Singapore in the early '90s in one of those strings of open air restaurants along the waterfront!ReplyDelete
They look like little crawfish:)ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 4, 2009 at 8:27 AM
This all sounds amazingingly good,but where can you buy these ingridients,I'm from Singapore and I am desperate to get hold of all these,please help!!!!ReplyDelete
@Anonymous: I'm not from Singapore but I'm sure you can find the ingredients from the wet market.ReplyDelete
This is just gorgeous. I cant wait to make this. I love this type of food as it hits every taste bud in my mouth.... Lovely photos.ReplyDelete


text:
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text: This is the official Weg Art "WEG" Grand Final Poster for 2016. This poster has been created from an original WEG drawing. The poster is only available from Weg Art or it authorised distributors. The poster measure 64cm x 45cm. Over the coming weeks we will be producing a "HOT FOILDED" version of this poster as well as, Coffee Mugs, Button Badges and Fridge Magnets. This poster can be collected from our NEW shop situated at 198 Bayswater Road Bayswater North Vic 3153 Phone: 03 8740 3891Trade enquiries are also welcome to email@example.com Please note for a short time this poster will come with a FREE Charlie Sutton Poster.


text:
Crv is Tough but Fair
Fund: Charles River Ventures
Posted by douglaird on 2007-10-08
Let me start off by saying that I am the CEO of a semiconductor startup so I have zero experience with Quickstart. I am a portfolio company of CRV so you can say my opinion is biased. This is my third start up. The first one went belly up the second went public and we are pre-revenue on this one. I've seen the good, the bad and the ugly since I have worked in silicon valley since 1978. Needless to say I have been up and down Sand Hill Road more than I care to admit so I can honestly say that I have seen it all when it comes to venture capital. The name of the game in venture capital is to touch as many companies as possible to find the next "Google." Consequently many times people don't call back you just have to accept it as the normal course of business. I found CRV to be tough but fair in their analysis of my business plan. Quickstart is a new program so I'm sure CRV is still working out the kinks. It sounds as though there needs to be a more formal process of reviewing plans with a target date for follow up. The Quickstart program is a good idea that could benefit both CRV and entrepeneurs with a little more structure to reduce the fustration.PRIVATE: Members Only (363 Characters)


text:
Here's the latest article from the Sandwiches site at BellaOnline.com.
Egg Salad Sandwich Recipe
Many variations come to mind when broaching the egg salad recipe. Here is a starter recipe and some creative ideas for add-ins to enjoy and create your new favorite egg salad!
Please visit Sandwiches.bellaonline.com for even more great content about Sandwiches.
To participate in free, fun online discussions, this site has a community forum all about Sandwiches located here -
I hope to hear from you sometime soon, either in the forum or in response to this email message. I thrive on your feedback!
Have fun passing this message along to family and friends, because we all love free knowledge!
Catherine Bridges, Sandwiches Editor
One of hundreds of sites at BellaOnline.com


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