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Local Wedding Venues
Wedding Venue Styles
Re-do search in this area
Koinonia Church and Gardens
Albuquerque, NM
Barn/Farm/Ranch, Park/Garden, Church/Temple, Outdoor, Modern
Starting from $1,560 to $2,735 for 50 guests
Beautiful and affordable, Koinonia Christian Church and Gardens offers a welcoming escape into tranquil grounds for your special day. Beautifully landscaped gardens complete with water features, blooming flowers and a charming pavilion await. Imagine exchanging your vows in the picturesque church be...
Albuquerque, NM
Banquet Hall/Restaurant, Event Center, Ballrooms, Modern
Starting from $1,640 to $3,535 for 50 guests
Known as one of the most elegant banquet spaces in Albuquerque, ABQPartySpace offers a beautiful backdrop for your big day. Known as an affordable yet sophisticated venue, this party space offers an unrivaled experience for one of the most important days of your life. This venue boasts a centralized...
Hyatt Regency Albuquerque
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms, Modern
Starting from $7,547 to $11,196 for 50 guests
Weddings have never been more fun nor elegant than they are at Hyatt Regency Albuquerque. Hyatt Regency Albuquerque is the ideal location for travelers near and far. Whether you are seeking a place to stay for a business trip or overnight accommodations for your weddings guests, Hyatt Regency Albuqu...
Hotel Andaluz
Albuquerque, NM
Outdoor, Banquet Hall/Restaurant, Historic/Landmark Building, Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms, Modern
Starting from $4,642 to $7,326 for 50 guests
The historic tradition of being the Albuquerque wedding venue continues. Restored to its past grandness, Hotel Andaluz offers Albuquerque weddings the perfect location. From the grand Barcelona Ballroom with private outdoor deck to the intimacy of the private lobby Casbahs, this hotel has everything...
Showing other similar Wedding Venues Venues in New Mexico
Taos Goji Farm & Eco Lodge
San Cristobal, NM
Barn/Farm/Ranch, Historic/Landmark Building, Mountain, Vintage/Rustic, Outdoor
For the couple who desires an eco friendly and rustic farm and barn venue, Taos Goji Farm & Eco Lodge presents the perfect outdoor backdrop for all of your wedding festivities. Surrounded by endless natural beauty, Taos Goji Farm & Eco Lodge offers 40 acres of land with the Sangre De Cristo Mountain...
MCM Elegante Hotel & Event Center
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Event Center, Ballrooms
Starting from $2,822 to $5,636 for 50 guests
Intricate chandeliers, high ceilings, and an extensive wedding menu are just a few of the reasons why the MCM Elegante Hotel & Event Center is the perfect place for you to tie the knot. As its name mentions, the MCM Elegante Hotel & Event Center is the most elegant event center in Albuquerque and wi...
Hyde Memorial State Park
Santa Fe, NM
Park/Garden, Outdoor
Starting from $2,701 to $3,891 for 50 guests
New Mexico's first State Park, Hyde Memorial State Park is set in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains amongst a forest of pines along Little Tesuque Creek. The park is a short drive from Santa Fe and offers excellent group facilities and campsites. There are beautiful hiking trails with spectacular views...
Hotel Parq Central
Albuquerque, NM
Outdoor, Hotel/Resort
Starting from $2,828 to $8,464 for 50 guests
Boasting a unique combination of historic charm and modern luxury, Hotel Parq Central is a fabulous place to tie the knot. This stunning, boutique hotel features versatile event spaces and a spectacular location in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Its charming courtyard is the perfect spot for an intimate a...
Albuquerque Marriott Pyramid North
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $3,656 to $8,852 for 50 guests
For brides seeking a bespoke desert wedding, the Albuquerque Marriot Pyramid North provides a comfortable, elegant venue for your celebration. A mix of contemporary and polished décor, it's still simple enough to render itself a blank canvas, ready to realize your dream wedding. The Marriot offers t...
Casa Rondena Winery
Los Ranchos De Albuquerque, NM
Winery/Vineyard/Brewery, Outdoor
Starting from $6,696 to $10,408 for 50 guests
Nestled in Albuquerque's picturesque North Valley, Casa Rodeña Winery offers a beautiful setting for your once in a lifetime event. Featuring gorgeous architecture and a scenic landscape, this fully operational winery boasts three stunning event spaces where you can host your wedding celebration. It...
Isleta Resort & Casino
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Event Center
Starting from $3,609 to $6,674 for 50 guests
Discover your world-class vacation at Isleta Resort & Casino. Rising like a glass tower over the desert, Isleta Resort & Casino reaffirms the romantic perception of the American Southwest, as a sublime landscape with spectacular vistas and geological wonders. It is here, in the heart of the Isleta R...
Hotel Albuquerque at Old Town
Albuquerque, NM
Outdoor, Historic/Landmark Building, Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $4,094 to $5,916 for 50 guests
Hotel Albuquerque captures the distinctive blend of historic grandeur and contemporary comfort of Old Town Albuquerque, showcasing New Mexico style through a unique blend of Spanish, Mexican, Native American, and Western cultural influences reflected in the architecture, design, and cuisine. This la...
Albuquerque Country Club
Albuquerque, NM
Golf Course, Outdoor
Starting from $2,935 to $7,289 for 50 guests
As the heart of the city, this central location makes it easy for guests to find the club from any area of town. The spacious banquet hall is surrounded with large windows, giving the room an open feel with the comfort of being indoors. While your guests dine at your reception, they can overlook the...
The Chocolate Turtle Bed & Breakfast
Corrales, NM
Outdoor, Event Center, Bed & Breakfast/Inn
Starting from $1,977 to $4,508 for 50 guests
Plan a relaxed, intimate ceremony, vow renewal, or event an elopement at the Chocolate Turtle Bed & Breakfast located in Corrales, New Mexico. True to its name, the Chocolate Turtle will give you a memorable, fun-filled experience. Although close to Albuquerque, Corrales is far enough to provide a p...
Angel Fire Resort Lodge
Angel Fire, NM
Golf Course, Banquet Hall/Restaurant, Hotel/Resort, Park/Garden, Mountain, Outdoor
Starting from $2,996 to $10,180 for 50 guests
Perched high up in the majestic Sangre De Cristo Mountains of Northern New Mexico, the Angel Fire Resort Lodge provides the perfect backdrop for saying your "I do's" in a charming wilderness wedding! Host the ideal big day in one of the Lodge's indoor or outdoor spaces, allowing you to create the oc...
Crowne Plaza Albuquerque
Albuquerque, NM
Outdoor, Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $5,153 to $7,939 for 50 guests
The Crowne Plaza Albuquerque is confident that you will quickly fall in love with this top-tier wedding and event center at first sight. A member of the Intercontinental Hotels Group, Crowne Plaza Albuquerque is dedicated towards ensuring that your stay is nothing short of memorable, comfortable, a...
Paradise Hills Golf Course
Albuquerque, NM
Golf Course, Event Center, Outdoor
Starting from $4,590 to $7,862 for 50 guests
Escape to the beautiful Desert Greens Golf Course in Albuquerque, New Mexico and host the elegant wedding of your dreams. The outdoor venue is set on the rolling greenway against the bucolic (and very impressive) Sandia Mountains. To ease the stress of the big day, take advantage of the wedding coor...
Hotel Cascada
Albuquerque, NM
Outdoor, Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $2,474 to $8,012 for 50 guests
Situated in Albuquerque's bustling midtown, Wyndham Albuquerque Hotel and Conference Center offers a variety of settings that are ideal for everything from a grand bash to an intimate affair. The hotel's event specialist will work with you to ensure that your wedding day should be truly one-of-a-ki...
Embassy Suites Albuquerque
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $6,100 to $8,043 for 50 guests
The Embassy Suites by Hilton Albuquerque is a one stop wedding venue that can accommodate guest sizes from 20 to 600. Our beautiful atrium offers an outdoor ceremony experience that is coupled with the indoor benefits of climate control. No need to worry about guests getting lost in traffic as they ...
National Hispanic Cultural Center
Albuquerque, NM
Museum/Gallery, Event Center, Outdoor
Starting from $5,835 to $11,143 for 50 guests
The National Hispanic Cultural Center is dedicated to the preservation, promotion, and advancement of Hispanic culture, arts, and humanities. The Center presents over 700 events and creates the opportunity for thousands more through its art museum, library, genealogy center, and educational resource...
DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Albuquerque
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $4,764 to $8,219 for 50 guests
Host your wedding ceremony and reception at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Albuquerque for a celebration in the center of class. Offering stunning views of the Sandia Mountains, this Albuquerque hotel provides a unique, relaxing setting in the heart of the city. Whatever theme or ideas you have fo...
Nativo Lodge
Albuquerque, NM
Hotel/Resort, Ballrooms
Starting from $2,647 to $4,148 for 50 guests
For a wedding experience with a unique southwestern flair, host your big day at the Nativo Lodge. As one of Albuquerque's most distinctive hotels, the Lodge offers couples equally as distinctive venue options. The Lodge honors the rich Native American history and culture in New Mexico through the in...
Alto Lakes Golf & Country Club
Alto, NM
Golf Course, Outdoor
Starting from $1,242 to $7,044 for 50 guests
Alto Lakes Golf & Country Club is an ideal location to host your wedding in the foothills of the Sacramento Mountains. Surrounded by an abundance of wildlife and the beauty that nature provides, the community covers nearly 1,700 acres along two mountain ridges. Experience a beautiful outdoor ceremon...
The Canyon Club at Four Hills
Albuquerque, NM
Golf Course, Banquet Hall/Restaurant, Private Club, Ballrooms, Outdoor
Starting from $3,689 to $7,289 for 50 guests
Get away from the city and create memories for a lifetime at The Canyon Club at Four Hills. Serene settings, spectacular views, and welcoming staff make our facility the perfect venue for your wedding ceremony and/or reception. To impress your wedding party and guests on your special day, we offer b...
The Lodge at Santa Fe
Santa Fe, NM
Park/Garden, Hotel/Resort, City/Skyline View, Ballrooms, Mountain, Outdoor
Starting from $3,947 to $5,307 for 50 guests
Are you looking for a unique wedding venue with southwestern flair? Then consider hosting your special day at the Lodge at Santa Fe. The architectural features of the Lodge pay homage to the Anasazi and ancient Puebloan people native to the Santa Fe area. Sitting atop the Santa Fe hills, the Lodge o...


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Pashley Cycles is England's longest established bicycle manufacturer. Founded in 1926 and based in Stratford-upon-Avon, our dedicated team design and hand-build a unique range of traditional bicycles and tricycles.
From our flagship traditional Princess and Roadster models to the exclusive Guv'nor Path Racer, every one of our bicycles is built to exacting standards. The range includes classic and commuter bikes and retro beach cruisers, as well as adult and children's tricycles that provide stability and pleasure on three wheels. Pashley also supplies high-quality carrier cycles, cargo bikes and load carrier tricycles for industrial and commercial use, offering companies an economical and environmentally friendly alternative for transporting food and equipment, vending, or delivering post.

subset: commoncrawl


text: In a post from a few weeks ago, I mentioned Common was filming a video for one of his two new singles, and it turns out it was for "Announcement." Check out the video below and enjoy the ridiculously heavy green-screenery. I'm still pretty iffy about the whole Common/Pharrell summer-y album, but we'll see soon enough. Both singles are pretty average so far. Let us know what you think.


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ALAMEDA — Never has monotony been more welcome than on the Raiders offensive line.
The Raiders lined up the same five starters at practice Tuesday that they have for every drill, every offseason team session, every training camp practice and every exhibition game.
Center Stefen Wisniewski has guard Khalif Barnes and tackle Donald Penn to his left and guard Austin Howard and tackle Menelik Watson to his right.
"I feel like we're able to make more progress with one group in there than we would be with the moving parts, and that's been comfortable," line coach Tony Sparano said
Sparano has been primarily a line coach for more than 30 years and never had as many moving parts as he did in 2013. The Raiders had an NFL-high eight different combinations up front, and no starter made it through all 16 games.
Two of the combinations started together four times. The longest stretch of consecutive games for any group starting together was three in Weeks 15-17 — Jared Veldheer at left tackle, Barnes at left guard, Wisniewski at center, Mike Brisiel at right guard and Tony Pashos at right tackle.
Pashos, who was not re-signed by Oakland, was cut by Washington at the final cutdown and found himself starting for the Raiders in Week 1.
"I can recall a few times going in where I had a few series at right tackle and didn't feel as if I was out there with someone I had any continuity with," Watson said. "We're all going through growing pains together. You're familiar with the guy next to you, his voice, how he sets, how he sets up in the run game."
Offensive coordinator Greg Olson said that by the second exhibition game a year ago, the Raiders already had made three changes up front, the big one coming when Veldheer tore his left triceps early in training camp and required surgery.
"I think that group is beginning to jell as a unit," coach Dennis Allen said. "I think they're playing with confidence, and I think it's going to be a position group that is going to be one of the strengths of the team."
In a 27-26 exhibition win over the Detroit Lions, there was some concern over hits absorbed by starting quarterback Matt Schaub. According to Olson, one of the hits came because Schaub failed to recognize a blitz.
Sparano said the Lions also fooled the Raiders with a twist, a maneuver they picked up and blocked effectively during the same drive.
The Raiders have shown some strength up the middle through two exhibition games and against the Dallas Cowboys during joint workouts in Oxnard. The addition of Howard, who started at right tackle for the New York Jets but was moved inside for the Raiders, has paid dividends so far, Sparano said.
Sparano was the offensive coordinator of the Jets in 2012 and helped sell the Raiders on signing Howard as a guard.
"When I was in Dallas, I made a transition with Leonard Davis from tackle to guard," Sparano said. "He was a power guy that was a good athlete, and he wound up making a few Pro Bowls doing that. Austin has great power, and he's a good athlete who can really bend and sink."
If placed on the regular-season PUP list, Hayden wouldn't count toward the roster and would miss a minimum of six games.
Follow Jerry McDonald on Twitter at twitter.com/Jerrymcd.
Raiders (1-1) at Green Bay (1-1), 5 p.m. CBS


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Raleigh NC Divorce Lawyers and Family Law Attorneys
Wake Family Law Group offers diverse approaches to handling North Carolina divorce, child custody, adoption and other family-related legal matters.
Our esteemed NC family law attorneys are individuals, each with his or her own style and expertise. We understand some cases need creative strategies and thoughtful negotiation, while others require dogged representation and an aggressive stance in the courtroom.
As resources to one another, we evaluate your case from every perspective to provide you with representation customized for your needs. We leverage our collective experience as North Carolina family law attorneys to deliver top-notch legal services for divorce, child custody, property division (for marital estates large and small), and other North Carolina family law issues.


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Deivide Oliveira brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 62 Designs von 18 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
We are a startup that wants to facilitate and improve people's lives through the development of technological innovations with a focus on mobility. We want our customers see us as an innovative, joyful, sustainable and efficient company.
MallGuide.me is our first product aimed at the smartphone segment. Initially we will have a version for iPhone, but want to expand quickly to other mobile platforms like Android and Windows 7.
The app is the most complete solution for consulting maps of shopping malls, searching for stores, restaurants, attractions and deals.
We have two target audiences:
- Women and men of any age who have a smartphone, like technology and want agility.
- Shopping malls, stores and restaurants that want to use new technologies to delight their customers.
We need a logo for our smartphone app that can also be used on our website, businesscard, etc. It could be nice if the logo also, pretty easily coul be used as an app icon on Apple's App Store.
The app has map navigation, search and shopping features, so feel free to suggest ideas of logos that translate this to the client.
You can use map, compass, arrows, shopping carts, currency symbols, or anything else that gives a sense of ease to find, easy to buy and time and money saving.
Feel free to use colors. Just be sure to use colors that relate to the theme and that captivate our audience.
We don't want:
- Cartoons
- The app name inside the app icon. The name appears on the smartphone screen just below the icon, so do not bother to put it inside the icon.
- Noothing too elegant. We want something clear, modern and stylish.
Some app logos we like:
- http://goo.gl/CPRj (Dropbox App)
- http://www.dropbox.com (Dropbox Website Logo)
- http://goo.gl/PDmo (Evernote App)
- http://www.evernote.com (Evernote Website Logo)
- http://goo.gl/6CIC (Bump App)
Its important that the logo can be scaled to any size. Also we need a Print file format - .ai (CMYK), web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB).
Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo.
We will do our best to provide quick feedback to the logos submitted.
Thanks and good luck!! Have Fun!!!
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


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Note to all tablet makers not named Asus: This is how you make a 7-inch tablet.
The Nexus 7, the first tablet to wear Google's Nexus brand, sets a new standard for smaller slates, proving that just because it isn't as big as Apple's iPad doesn't mean it can't be just as useful, as fast, or as fun. If you've been on the fence about Android, or tablets in general, this is the tablet you've been waiting for.
While the Nexus 7 isn't a full-on iPad-killer, it far out-classes anything else offered in the 7-inch category, and most 10-inch tablets too. The Nexus 7 does this by offering smartly designed, powerful hardware and the best Android tablet experience to date (the hardware, in this case, was engineered by Asus). For those who only use their gadgets to surf the web, check e-mail, play games and update their social media feeds, the Nexus 7 might be an even better choice than an iPad, given how much easier it is to carry around.
But the feature that will probably be the most enticing to consumers is the price. The Nexus 7 sells for $200 with 16GB of storage. That's the same price as the Amazon Kindle Fire and Barnes & Noble's Nook Tablet at the same storage capacity. If you want a bit more room to download HD movies, music, games and apps, you can get the 32GB version for $250. Want always-on connectivity? There's a 32GB version with HSPA+ added for $300. At these prices, the Nexus 7 is frankly a steal when you compare it to what else is out there at the same cost.
The 1280x800 IPS touchscreen is beautiful. It's the best display I've seen on a 7-inch tablet, and almost as good as the Asus Transformer Pad Infinity and the third-generation iPad. It's not quite Retina display quality, but with a pixel density of 216ppi, it's very close. Colors are balanced without being over-saturated, a common issue on many mobile devices nowadays, particularly those from Samsung.
Also absent are any software performance problems. Where the Fire and Nook suffer from unresponsiveness, slow animations and stuttering screens, the Nexus 7 screams. In fact, Google's tablet responds as quickly and scrolls as smoothly as just about any tablet I've seen, no matter the size. It feels as fast as Asus' larger Transformer tablets, and it performs as smoothly as the iPad, even when playing high definition games such as ShadowGun or playing back HD movies.
Basically, the Nexus 7 is a beast. Navigating around Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (yes, this is the first Jelly Bean tablet) is super clean. There's no hesitation on the part of the Nexus 7 when loading magazines, books, apps, video, games, music or web pages. [UPDATE: We expect the Nexus 7 to receive Android 4.2 as an over-the-air update before the end of 2012]
This can be attributed to Nvidia's 1.2GHz Tegra 3 quad-core processor – yep, this is the first quad-core 7-inch tablet, too. Alongside that is a 12-core Nvidia GPU and 1GB of RAM. The only noticeable delay comes when you first turn on the Nexus 7. There's a lag of a few seconds while your content loads into the interactive home screen widgets pre-installed by Google.
The widgets show you what content – books, music, magazines, movies and TV shows – is available in the Google Play store for you to consume, via either streaming or downloading.
These widgets make extensive use of cover art, so they are colorful and attractive. They're easy to use, expanding and contracting as you cycle through the various options. Most importantly, they reduce a lot of the friction around finding stuff in Google Play, both for content you've already purchased, as well as enticing new options. The widgets are very much "in your face," and they clearly suggest that Google intends to be your go-to destination for buying, renting and streaming digital media.
The Fire and the Nook – the Nexus 7's primary competitors, which also follow the "device as content portal" philosophy – also offer an array of entertainment options on their home screens, but Google's arrangement is far prettier to look and less intrusive. Amazon Fire's shows a cludgy carousel of content, and even that's better than the random assortment of book covers found on the Nook's home screen.
These Google Play widgets come installed by default on every Nexus 7, but you can easily remove them and use a fully customized Android home screen of your own design. If you're not into buying content from Google, you can download Amazon's apps and get your stuff there. You can still get Netflix, or Hulu for video. Rdio, Mog, Spotify, Pandora and other music streaming services are there, too. This isn't a user experience that forces you to buy all your content from one storefront.
The Nexus 7 is a device tailored to consuming digital entertainment. The operating system is confined to a portrait landscape, and there's an app tray persistent across the bottom of the homescreen. The only time the Nexus 7 shifts into landscape mode is when the content you're consuming calls for it, such as watching a movie or playing a widescreen game.
The smaller form factor makes the Nexus 7 ideal for reading books, and magazines are a joy to read here as well, thanks in part to a "text view" mode that pulls the text from an article out of its magazine layout and into a more easily consumable e-book-style view.
As good as it is for running apps, the Nexus 7 did leave me with one complaint that persists across all Android tablets – there still aren't as many tablet-optimized apps for Android as there are for the iPad. A 7-inch screen makes this deficiency much less of a problem than it is on 10-inch tablets. But for key apps like Twitter, Facebook, Vimeo, Fandango and Foursquare (just to name a few), you're stuck using a stretched phone app. The experience isn't horrible, but when compared to what's available on the iPad, it's obvious things could be better. It's a shame too, because when it comes to entertainment, you can use the Nexus 7 to do nearly everything you can do on an iPad, but the smaller number of tablet-specific apps leaves the device feeling less capable.
I would also like the Nexus 7 to have included a rear camera, but there is a front-facing 1.2-megapixel camera that's good for video chat and passable for photos. Bluetooth and NFC (two features common in phones but not lower-priced tablets) are included here, as well as a gyroscope and accelerometer.
The build quality on the Nexus 7 is excellent. The display looks fantastic, and the rest of the device is best-in-class. It's thin (0.41-inches) and lightweight (about 12 ounces). At 4.7 inches wide and 7.81 inches tall, it's small enough to fit in the back pocket of a pair of jeans. The back is covered in a black rubberized plastic that's dimpled – it feels sort of like a pair of leather driving gloves. The design really works. The Nexus 7 looks classy, and it's comfortable to hold with one hand or two. Throwing it into a purse, messenger bag, backpack or coat pocket is no problem at all.
Since it's a smaller tablet, battery life is about the same as a large smartphone: 7 or 8 hours under normal use. Watching HD movies or playing games non-stop will blow through that in half the time or less. But overall, battery life is about what one would expect.
Being a Nexus device, the Nexus 7 runs an unaltered version of Android 4.1 Jelly Bean. To put it plainly, Jelly Bean is the best version of Android Google has ever released, and on the Nexus 7, the OS feels tailored for this device. [UPDATE: We expect the Nexus 7 to receive Android 4.2 as an over-the-air update before the end of 2012]
Two major new Jelly Bean features, the Google Now info cards and a voice-activated search system, work expertly on the Nexus 7. Google Now presents the pieces of information you frequently search for in a series of "cards." You can access these cards at any time by swiping upwards from the bottom of the screen, even while running different apps. For me, Google Now guessed I wanted to see local weather and directions from home to work (or from work to home, depending on the time of day). These two cards show up in Google Now automatically. It's helpful, and it gives me what I'm looking for before I even request it, which is the point of Google Now. Eventually, the system will learn my frequent searches, and those cards will show up, too. You can delete cards you don't want to see, or prioritize the most important ones.
Voice Search allows you to run basic web queries by asking a question rather than typing one in. It's an extension of what's already offered in Google's mobile search apps, but it's been refined for Jelly Bean. Answers come quickly – whether in the form of links, Google Now cards or a sweetly spoken response – but Google still doesn't understand a lot of natural language or slang. You have to be pretty obvious in your requests. "Best wine shop nearby," works better than, "Where can I get the best bottle of wine around here?"
Google Now and the speech-enabled search features are only found in Jelly Bean, and the Nexus 7 is the only way to get it for now, though it's weeks away from arriving on Galaxy Nexus phones.
The the Nexus 7 boasts some other firsts. It's the first production tablet built on Nvidia's Kai program, which essentially lays out a recipe for building a quad-core tablet at a $200 price point. Before the end of the year, we'll likely see similarly performing slates from other Android hardware partners. Undoubtedly, Amazon and Barnes & Noble will participate, though likely while running Android version who-knows-what forked into something unrecognizable and free of Google's influence.
But make no mistake. The Nexus 7 delivers the best Android tablet experience we've seen so far. There simply hasn't been a Google-powered device this compelling ever before. With a mix of top-notch hardware, a convenient and portable size, and easy access to entertainment from Google or anybody else outside of Apple and Microsoft, there isn't much more you could want from a tablet, other than more tablet-tailored apps.
Overall, the Nexus 7 provides the best tablet experience outside of Apple's iPad, though the Nexus 7 is far easier to carry around. This is the first Android tablet I'd go so far as to say I love using.
WIRED This is the Android tablet you've been waiting for. Beautiful, detailed display. Handsome design and fantastic build quality. Jelly Bean feels like it was built for the Nexus 7. The first 7-inch quad core tablet, it has Porsche-like speed and agility.
TIRED Android still doesn't have enough tablet-optimized apps. No rear camera.


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|Chesapeake Writers' Group
Event Type: Literary
Age Group(s): Adults, Teens
Date: 6/19/2012
Start Time: 1:00 PM
End Time: 2:00 PM
If you are a writer who would like to improve your craft or just get started on a writing project, the library's Chesapeake Writers' Workshop meets monthly to give writers an opportunity to share and critique each other's work. We'll also be sharing craft ideas, tips for getting published, and some inspiration. Registration is required.Library: Chesapeake City Branch
Location: Meeting Room
Contact: Chesapeake City Branch Library
Contact Number: 410-996-1134


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Willow found this basic recipe in the back of a Highlights magazine and asked to make it. Despite the fact that it's gonna look completely different when we're done with it, and it's made of, you know, all different foods, it is, of course, delicious and awesome.
You will need:
- two pieces of bread
- child's scissors
- cream cheese
- food coloring and small zip-top baggies
- scissors, rolling pin, and butter knife
- carrot, already scraped
- raisins (or nuts or seeds)
Willow wasted a huge amount of each piece of bread on this. I've got the rest of the bread in a baggie in the refrigerator right now--if the girls ask to make this snack a couple of more times, I'll have enough leftover bread to make bread pudding, and if not, I'll chop it up and put it in my larger breadcrumbs baggie in the freezer.
2. Put a couple of tablespoons of cream cheese into two or more little zip-top baggies, and have the kiddo choose a different color to dye each amount of cream cheese. After you put the color in each appropriate baggie, seal it and hand it to the kid to moosh around until the cream cheese is evenly dyed.
3. Squoosh all the cream cheese into one bottom corner of the baggie (I use a rolling pin), cut off that corner, and let the kiddo use the baggies like pastry bags to spread the cream cheese on the bread. The kiddo will also want to use the butter knife, and her fingers:
This, of course, is perfectly fine.
4. Give the kiddo a scraped carrot and have her lay out her butterfly with its beautiful wings, then give her some raisins or nuts or seeds so that she can make beautiful polka dots:
The finished product will be both absolutely gorgeous--
--and wonderfully delicious:
We've got no fewer than three more butterfly projects already in the bag, so stay tuned...


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Happiness that Money Can't Buy
I think we've all read E. A. Robinson's masterful "Richard Cory" poem about a wealthy man, much admired, perhaps envied for his living the good life, who commits suicide. Whenever Richard Cory went down town, We people on the pavement … Continue reading


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Environmental Health and Safety - Hazard Communication Program
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Symbols
(note: The Occupational Safety & Health Administration is in the process of revising the regulations that govern this program. These revisions are scheduled to be finalized in Fall 2011. Soon after, this program will be revised to reflect the changes.)
Western Kentucky University recognizes that our employees have the right and the need to know the properties and potential health problems related to the substances to which they may be exposed. With this program, Western Kentucky University intends to inform employees of the necessary information regarding substances in the workplace, pursuant to the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 as adopted in the Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry.
This program is designed to protect Western Kentucky University employees. Its purpose is to inform workers of hazards that may exist in the work place. This program will also ensure Western Kentucky University 's compliance with all State and Federal regulations and standards. We expect to help encourage a reduction in the volume and toxicity of hazardous substances used at WKU.
This program pertains to employees in non-laboratory workplaces who may be potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals. Employees working in laboratories must use Western Kentucky University 's Chemical Hygiene Plan rather than the Hazard Communication Program.
Health & Physical Hazards
A hazardous substance is defined as any substance that is a physical or a health hazard, i.e. compressed gases, explosives, flammables, oxidizers, carcinogens, toxins, irritants, or corrosives.
Health Hazards
Any chemical or biological substance or agent, which is listed in the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's list of Toxic and Hazardous Substances 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z, is considered a health hazard. In addition, any substance, including but not limited to, chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hematopoietic system, or agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes, and any substance for which a Material Safety Data Sheet has been provided by the manufacturer as a hazardous material or one that has been deemed to pose a threat to the health of an employee, is also considered a hazard to employee health.
Physical Hazard
Any chemical which is a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive, and which is contained in the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's list of Hazardous Materials, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart H is considered to be a physical hazard. Any substance for which a MSDS has been provided by the manufacturer as a hazardous material or one that has been deemed to pose a threat to the health of an employee is also included.
WKU Extended Campuses are responsible for developing and maintaining internal procedures, which should be consistent with this program.
Environmental Health and Safety is responsible for:
- administering the WKU Hazard Communication Program;
- coordinating the development and updating of the program;
- keeping the master list of Material Safety Data Sheets for a period of 30 years and loading them onto our website for quick access;
- providing departments with new-hire training and annual refresher training.
Stockroom Supervisors are responsible for:
- receiving a copy of the MSDS for every hazardous substance that the stockroom sells or transfers to other departments;
- assuring that the receiving department or individual receives a copy of the MSDS for the chemicals they purchase;
Supervisors are responsible for:
- annually updating the chemical inventory list for all hazardous chemicals in their employee's work location;
- obtaining an MSDS from the manufacturer or distributor if one has not been supplied;
- ensuring that all hazardous chemical containers in their work area are properly labeled;
- providing each employee with the necessary training according to this program.
Project Managers are responsible for:
- informing contractors of WKU's safety procedures, labeling requirements and disclosing information on Material Safety Data Sheets to protect all contracted employees in their designated work areas;
- issuing the contractor a copy of the WKU Hazard Communication Program;
informing contractors of the specific hazards associated with the work area.
Outside Contractors are responsible for:
- complying with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard;
- informing WKU project manager of the intent to use and/or store hazardous chemicals on site during their contract at WKU;
- providing WKU project manager with their hazard communication program and MSDS for hazardous chemicals to be used during contract period;
- providing or having employees attend training on the potential hazards of the work area and proper documentation that employees have been through this training is to be given to the project manager.
Employees are responsible for:
- using hazardous chemicals consistent with the instructions provided on the label;
- using chemicals only if containers are properly labeled and notifying supervisor if labels are missing or inadequate;
- notifying supervisor if Material Safety Data Sheets are missing or inadequate.
Program Enforcement
A violation by a Western Kentucky University employee must be reported to the employee's supervisor for appropriate action.
A violation by an outside contractor must be reported to the WKU Project Manager and is subject to the conditions of the contract.
Employee Rights
Your workplace is required to have Material Safety Data Sheets available for every hazardous chemical or substance you use or encounter as a part of your job.
These must be readily available for employee review at all times you are in the work place. In other words, they can not be locked in an office or filing cabinet to which you do not have access. If you request to see an MSDS for a product you use at work, and your employer cannot show it to you, after one working day you may refuse to work with that product until you are shown the correct MSDS. If you request your own personal copy of an MSDS, your employer has 15 working days to provide it.
Chemical Inventory & Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Requirements
Departments must maintain a current hazardous chemical inventory list for their area of operations. This list is to be updated annually by department supervisors and turned into EH&S no later than August 1 of each year. Chemical inventory lists must be submitted in alphabetical order and shall be verified for completeness by the appropriate department head. Each chemical inventory list is subject to audit by the EH&S Department. The EH&S Department will provide copies of the chemical inventory lists to the Local Fire Department and the Local Emergency Planning Committee. Each time a department receives a new hazardous chemical it must be added to the department's chemical inventory list within 30 days. There is an example and blank chemical inventory list located in APPENDIX B of this document. All of the following information must be provided on the chemical inventory list.
- Department : The name of the proprietary department.
- Inventory Supervisor : The name of the employee/Supervisor that is responsible for the department's chemical inventory list.
- Phone : The phone number of the department.
- Building Name : The full official name of the building.
- Date of Inventory : The date the inventory was completed.
- Product/Trade/MSDS Name : The trade name or number, code name or number, brand name, generic name, or chemical name.
- Physical State : Physical state of the substance (solid, liquid, gas, or a mixture thereof).
- PPE Required : Personal Protective Equipment the MSDS requires for use. Gloves, respirator, or goggles
- Chemicals listed: List the top three ingredients and %
- NFPA Rating : The National Fire Protection Association rating which is a numerical code that rates the substance according to health, flammability, reactivity, and specific hazards.
- MSDS DATE : Date that appears on the MSDS sheet.
Material Safety Data Sheet Requirements
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a detailed information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a chemical that describes the physical and chemical properties, physical and health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and control measures. Information on a MSDS aids in the selection of safe products and helps employers and employees to respond effectively to daily exposure situations, as well as, to emergency situations.
Under OSHA regulations, employers are required to maintain a complete and accurate MSDS for each hazardous chemical that is used in the facility. They are entitled to obtain this information automatically upon purchase of the material. When new and significant information becomes available concerning a product's hazards or ways to protect against the hazards, chemical manufacturers, importers, or distributors must add it to their MSDS within three months and provide it to their customers with the next shipment of the chemical.
While MSDSs are not required to be physically attached to a shipment, they must accompany or precede the shipment. When an MSDS is not provided, the employer must obtain one from the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor as soon as possible. In addition, if the MSDS is incomplete or unclear, the employer should contact the manufacturer to get clarification or obtain the missing information.
Sections of an MSDS
OSHA specifies the information to be included on an MSDS, but does not provide a precise format. A non-mandatory MSDS form that meets the Hazard Communication Standard requirements has been issued and can be used as is or expanded as needed. The MSDS must be written in English and include the following information.
Section I. Chemical Identity
The chemical and common name must be provided for single chemical substances.
An identity on the MSDS must be cross-referenced to the identity found on the label.
Section II. Hazardous Ingredients
For a hazardous chemical mixture that has been tested as a whole to determine its hazards, the chemical and common names of the ingredients that are associated with the hazards, and the common name of the mixture must be listed.
If the chemical is a mixture that has not been tested as a whole, the chemical and common names of all ingredients determined to be health hazards and comprising one percent or greater of the composition must be listed.
Chemical and common names of carcinogens must be listed if they are present in the mixture at levels of 0.1 percent or greater.
All components of a mixture that have been determined to be health hazards and comprising less than one percent (0.1 percent for carcinogens) of the mixture must also be listed if they can still exceed an established Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) or Threshold Limit Value (TLV) or present a health risk to exposed employees in these concentrations.
Section III. Physical and Chemical Characteristics
The physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous substance must be listed. These include items such as boiling and freezing points, density, vapor pressure, specific gravity, solubility, volatility, and the product's general appearance and odor. These characteristics provide important information for designing safe and healthful work practices.
Section IV. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
The compound's potential for fire and explosion must be described. Also, the fire hazards of the chemical and the conditions under which it could ignite or explode must be identified. Recommended extinguishing agents and fire-fighting methods must be described.
Section V. Reactivity Data
This section presents information about other chemicals and substances with which it reacts. Information on any hazardous decomposition products, such as carbon monoxide, must be included.
Section VI. Health Hazards
The acute and chronic health hazards of the chemical, together with signs and symptoms of exposure, must be listed. In addition, any medical conditions that are aggravated by exposure to the compound must be included. The specific types of chemical health hazards defined in the standard include carcinogens, corrosives, toxins, irritants, sensitizers, mutagens, teratogens, and effects on target organs (i.e., liver, kidney, nervous system, blood, lungs, etc.).
The route of entry section describes the primary pathway by which the chemical enters the body. There are three principle routes of entry: inhalation, absorption, and ingestion.
This standard requires the preparer to describe the precautions for safe handling and use. These include recommended industrial hygiene practices, precautions to be taken during the repair and maintenance of equipment, and procedures for cleaning up spills and leaks. Some manufacturers also use this section to include useful information not specifically required by the standard, such as EPA waste disposal methods and state and local requirements.
Section VIII. Control Measures
The standard requires the preparer of the MSDS to list any generally applicable control measures. These include engineering controls, safe handling procedures, and personal protective equipment. Information is often included on the use of goggles, gloves, body suits, respirators, and face shields.
Labeling Hazardous Chemicals
Labeling Requirements
All hazardous chemicals must be labeled with the chemical name, hazard warning and name and address of the manufacturer. Labels must be provided for both primary and secondary containers. They should be in English and must not be defaced or removed. Portable containers filled with hazardous chemicals transferred from a labeled storage container must be labeled if:
- The material is not used within the work shift of the employee making the transfer.
- The employee that made the transfer leaves the work area.
- The container is moved to another work area and is no longer in possession of the employee who filled the container.
If a substantial spill or leak occurs from a container of hazardous substance, the employees should leave the area, go to a place of safety, and call the EH&S Department for assistance. MSDSs for all substances in the storeroom must be obtained and readily available for viewing by employees. In addition to the labeling requirements for containers of hazardous substances, the area where the hazardous substance is used or stored must be properly marked. Hazard signs must also be placed in areas where other known hazards exist (such as high noise areas, asbestos, etc.). The signs will warn employees and visitors that proper precautions should be observed when entering the area. Purchase and posting of these signs is the responsibility of the overseeing department for each particular location. Assistance in choosing appropriate signs may be provided by the EH&S Department upon request.
All labels must contain the following information:
- Chemical Name - Chemical container labels should include scientific name and common workplace name if applicable. The common name could be the brand name, generic name or even a trade name.
- Hazard Warning - Hazardous chemical labels must include health hazards, flammability and reactivity.
- Name and Address - Label should provide full name and address of the manufacturer or distributor who supplied chemical. Other useful information such as the phone number of the manufacturer or distributor should be given.
Asbestos Notice and Labeling
Pipes, boilers, storage vessels, structural members, or equipment with insulating material that might be removed, penetrated, damaged or otherwise disturbed by repair, remodeling, renovation, maintenance or other activity, shall be labeled with cautionary labels. Such caution labels shall be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. Each room or area where the conditions require that labels exist shall have a minimum of one such label, and additional labels as necessary, to ensure visibility and legibility.
Exclusions to the Program
Any consumer product as defined by the Consumer Product Safety Act is exempt from these labeling requirements, although supervisors may prefer these to be labeled as well. Regulations do not apply to drugs, cosmetics or tobacco products for personal consumption by the employees in the work place.
Employees working in laboratories at WKU are also exempt from this program but must abide by the University's Chemical Hygiene Plan as prescribed by CFR 1910.1450.
Exposure means that an employee is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption), and includes potential exposure as referenced by the MSDS. When the employer discovers that an employee has received a potentially hazardous exposure to any substance or agent, the employer must immediately notify the employee and take such steps that may be necessary to provide medical evaluation, monitoring, or treatment. Likewise, an employee that has received a potentially hazardous exposure to a substance or agent must immediately notify the employer of such exposure, then proceed to Health Services with a copy of the MSDS of the chemical or product for evaluation.
An affected employee, or designated representative, may make a request to the EH&S Department for access to copies of the appropriate chemical inventory list and MSDSs. Access to the appropriate chemical inventory list and MSDSs shall be granted within a reasonable time, place, and manner, but never later than one working day after the request is made. In addition, whenever an affected employee or designated representative requests a copy of the chemical inventory list and/or MSDSs, the EH&S Department shall, within 15 days, assure that either a copy or a mechanical means to a copy is provided.
After the appropriate safety and health precautions have been taken, it is the responsibility of the employee's supervisor to fill out an accident report form. Forms are available from the EH&S Department and will be sent to Human Resources
Routine Tasks
Each employee who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals when working must be provided information and trained prior to initial assignment to work with a hazardous chemical, and whenever the hazard changes. Information and training may be done either by individual chemical, or by categories of hazards (such as flammability or carcinogenicity). All employees of Western Kentucky University that work with chemicals must receive Hazard Communication Training. The department supervisors will be responsible for training employees on specific chemicals and on all new chemicals that enter their departments. Environmental Health & Safety will offer annual refresher training and new hire training. The term ?employees? includes temporary, work-study, part-time, graduate assistants, teaching assistants, and full-time personnel. A properly conducted training program ensures comprehension and understanding. It is not sufficient to either just read the material to workers or simply hand them the material to read.
Training must include all of the following:
- Requirements of OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard
- Location/work area where hazardous chemicals are used or stored and their health effects.
- Location/availability of SDSs (MSDSs), chemical inventory, hazard communication program and how to read and understand these documents.
- How to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the workplace and spill response policies.
- Labeling requirements and proper marking systems.
- How to use and identify proper personal protective equipment to minimize exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Non-Routine Tasks
Periodically, employees may be required to work with or around hazardous chemicals not routinely found in their work area and which they do not have proper training to use. Employees must be trained in such areas before first assignment to such areas. The employees supervisor is responsible for giving appropriate training in these instances.
Contractor Requirements for WKU
Contractors must comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Aministration's Hazard Communication Standard and WKU's Hazard Communication Program when they use or store hazardous chemicals on University property. It is the responsibility of the WKU Project Manager to notify contractors of the following WKU requirements to keep WKU employees, students and WKU contract employees safe during the duration of the contract:
The contractor must provide their written hazard communication program upon award of contract for the project to the WKU Project Manager. The contractor's hazard communication program must include:
- All precautionary mearsures that need to be taken during normal operation hours to protect employees and all other building occupants;
- The chemical inventory list for all hazardous chemicals that will be used or stored during the time of the contract;
- All MSDSs for those chemicals used in the work area.
The contractor is to read and abide by WKU's written hazard communication program.
Appendix A
Definitions of Terms
Carcinogen - A substance or agent capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals, including humans. A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen if:
- It has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen; or
- It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition);
- It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service is an organization under the American Chemical Society. CAS abstracts and indexes chemical literature from all over the world in ?Chemical Abstracts.? ?CAS Numbers? are used to identify specific chemicals or mixtures.
Chemical Name - The name given to a chemical in the nomenclature system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service is the (CAS). The CAS is a scientific designation of a chemical or a name that will clearly identify the chemical for hazard evaluation purposes.
Common Name - Any means used to identify a chemical other than its chemical name (e.g., code name, code number, trade name, brand name, or generic name).
Consumer Product - Any article or component thereof, produced or distributed;
- for sale to a consumer for use in or around a permanent or temporary residence,
- for the personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, school, or recreation.
Corrosive - A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. For example, a chemical is considered to be corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the method described by the DOT in Appendix A to 49 CFR Part 173, it destroys or changes irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact following an exposure period of four hours. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
DOT - U.S. Department of Transportation regulates transportation of chemicals and other substances.
Dry Chemical - A powdered fire-extinguishing agent usually composed of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.
Employee - A worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies.
Explosive - A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Flammable - A chemical that includes one of the following categories:
- Aerosol, flammable. An aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of the valve opening;
- Gas, flammable.? (1) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or (2) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit;
- Liquid, flammable. Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 ° F (37.8 ° C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture;
- Solid flammable. A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a) that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, persistently as to create a serious hazard. A substance is a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44; it ignites and burns with its major axis.
Hazardous Chemical - Means any chemical whose presence or use is a physical hazard or a health hazard.
Health Hazard - A chemical for which there is significant evidence, based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents that act on the hematopoietic system, and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Hazard Warning ? Means any words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof presented on a label or other appropriate form to inform of the presence of various materials.
Ignitable - Means capable of being set on fire.
Ingestion - Taking in by the mouth.
Inhalation - Breathing in of a substance in the form of a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust.
Laboratory - Means a facility where use of chemicals is limited to ?laboratory usage? only. A work area where small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis is a laboratory.
LEL or LFL - Lower explosive limit, or lower flammable limit, of a vapor or gas; the lowest concentration (lowest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc or flame) is present. At concentrations lower than the LEL, the mixture is too "lean" to burn.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ? A MSDS is a summary of the important health, safety, and toxicological information on a chemical or mixture.
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association is an international membership organization which promotes/improves fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire. NFPA is best known on the industrial scene for the National Fire Codes-16 volumes of codes, standards, recommended practices and manuals developed (and periodically updated) by NFPA technical committees. Among these is NFPA 704M, the code for showing hazards of materials as they might be encountered under fire or related emergency conditions, using the familiar diamond-shaped label or placard with appropriate numbers or symbols.
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , U.S. Public Health Service , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), among other activities, tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and assists OSHA and MSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research.
OSHA - OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit is an occupational exposure limit established by OSHA's regulatory authority. It may be a time-weighted average (TWA) limit or a maximum concentration exposure limit.
Physical Hazard - Means a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.
Routes of Entry - The means by which material may gain access to the body, for example, inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.
STEL - Short-Term Exposure Limit (ACGIH terminology).
TLV - Threshold Limit Value is a term used by ACGIH to express the airborne concentration of material to which nearly all persons can be exposed day after day without adverse effects. ACGII-I expresses TLVs in three different ways:
TLV-TWA: The allowable Time-Weighted Average concentration for a normal 8- hour workday or 80-hour workweek.
TLV-STEL: The Short-Term Exposure Limit, or maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period (maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods, and provided the daily TLV- TWA is not exceeded).
TLV-C: The Ceiling Exposure Limit - the concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously.
Trade Name - The trademark name or commercial trade name for a material or product.
TWA - Time-Weighted Average exposure is the airborne concentration of a material to which a person is exposed, averaged over the total exposure time-generally the total workday (8 to 12 hours). Also see TLV.
Link to WKU's (M)SDS Database
note: Material Safety Data Sheets will become known as Safety Data Sheets
Some of the links on this page may require additional software to view.


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Vatican City, Feb 15, 2014 / 06:09 am ().- Archbishop Beniamino Stella's career is characterized by his belief that a Vatican diplomat must have a strong priestly identity, which may well be why Pope Francis has appointed him to a cardinal's post.
Appointed prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy last September – a post that customarily brings with it the cardinalate -- Archbishop Stella,72, will receive the red hat at a consistory to be held Feb. 22.
Archbishop Stella was born in 1941 into a farming family in Pieve di Soligo, in Italy's Veneto region, one of 12 children.
He became acquainted with his bishop, Albino Luciani, and in 1960 he began seminary for the Diocese of Vittorio Veneto. Bishop Luciani went on to become, in 1978, John Paul I.
He was ordained a priest in 1966, and then specialized in canon law and entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, which trains apostolic nuncios, on Bishop Luciani's recommendation.
Archbishop Stella's diplomatic service began in 1970, with four years in the Dominican Republic, four in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, five as charge d'affaires in Malta; he then served in the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church, part of the Secretariat of State.
In 1987, he was consecrated a bishop and appointed apostolic pro-nuncio to the Republic of the Congo, also coordinating for the Holy See with Central African Republic and Chad.
Archbishop Stella then served as apostolic nuncio to Cuba from 1992 to 1999. Fidel Castro was loosening the reins on the island's Catholic population, and the archbishop oversaw the creation of four dioceses and an increasing number of Catholic publications.
He contributed to the reinstatement of Christmas as a holiday in the country, as well as to the warming of relations between Cuba and the Vatican. He told La Stampa last year that in Cuba he found the Church as "a community that was lacking in resources and structures, which reminded me of the primitive Church. There was a strong sense of fraternity, poverty and detachment. I remember priests turning up to meetings on bicycles all sweaty but peaceful and generous. They were only too happy and willing to share their toil, poverty and humiliation with their people. We helped and loved each other."
He was well-loved by the Cuban bishops, who nicknamed him "Beniamino Corazon," or "Big-hearted Benjamin," and he oversaw Bl. John Paul II's 1998 visit to the country.
Archbishop Stella then served as nuncio to Colombia, where he stayed until 2007.
At that time, the country's conflict with the left-wing Farc rebels was ongoing but decreasing, yet many priests were killed in violence; he negotiated with the Farc for the 1999 release of the kidnapped Bishop Jose Quintero Diaz of Tibu.
In 2002, Archbishop Isaias Duarte Cancino of Cali was assassinated by the Farc, as an act of vengeance for his condemnation of their atrocities. At the funeral, Archbishop Stella intervened at protests which he said were lacking in respect for the late prelate.
Archbishop Stella was appointed president of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 2007, where he directed that the future diplomats focus on their priestly spirituality and be able to "think and reason from the perspective of the universal Church."
On Sept. 21, 2013, Pope Francis appointed Archbishop Stella as head of the Congregation for the Clergy; shortly after, the new prefect told La Stampa that he believes Pope Francis "looks for people who give off a certain feeling of spiritual paternity. Paternity – and maternity – are terms he is very fond of. Spiritual paternity is to do with humanity, coherence and spiritual life. This leads to goodness, closeness, mercy and all the other virtues with which he is building his magisterium day by day."
Rather than having a fixed agenda at the congregation, Archbishop Stella said, "my plan is not my own, it's a plan every priest should have, which is to serve God, the Church, and the Pope with a true heart and encourage priests and seminarians to live the Gospel right to its core."
Archbishop Stella is among 19 men who will be given the red hat of a cardinal at the Vatican later this month. He is one of three who join the cardinalate by virtue of their office in the Roman Curia.
Tags: Congregation for the Clergy
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The statistics are staggering: 44 percent of lesbian women, 61 percent of bisexual women, 26 percent of gay men, 37 percent of bisexual men and nearly half of transgender people will be raped, attacked or stalked by an intimate partner in their lifetime. We need to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act with modest but meaningful improvements that enhance our nation's response to these heinous crimes.
More than 150,000 California children dropped out of federally funded health insurance programs in 2018, a trend some experts blame on the Trump administration's anti-immigrant policies and efforts to upend the Affordable Care Act.
For years, Dorothy Lowery, 72, of San Pedro has struggled to get by on the less than $700 a month she receives in Supplemental Security Income.
That changed on June 1, when Lowery and about 500,000 other seniors and disabled people in California who receive SSI became newly eligible for food aid.
As a researcher and as someone who, like many in my generation, has faced sexual harassment on more occasions that I care to consider, I hope my research team's new study, "Measuring #MeToo in California," will help show how prevalent sexual harassment is, so we can work to end it.
Given that Medi-Cal covers around 5.5 million children—more than half of kids in the state—the number of children not accessing all the preventive services they're entitled to accounts for close to a quarter of California's children.
Advocates Call for Increased Funds to Support Californians with Intellectual, Developmental Disabilities
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- Lego Ideas 21306 The Beatles Yellow Submarine Brand New Unopened
- Transformers Masterpiece Movie Series MPM-5 Barricade & MPM-7 Bumblebee NEW
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For close to four decades, the Lanterman Act has supported people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in California with a network of centers offering specialized care.
We need our elected representatives in Sacramento to stand up to Big Oil and hold the industry accountable for the harms it is causing in our communities and around the world.
The murder of a Fresno woman by her partner on May 4 is a reminder of the dangers many domestic violence survivors confront when trying to leave a relationship, police and experts said.
Untreated mood and anxiety disorders associated with pregnancy are costing California billions of dollars in health care spending, social services expenses and productivity losses, according to a new report.
Mental Health First-Aid Training Could Have Saved My Daughter's Life
I blame no one for my daughter's death, but looking back I recognize that there were opportunities for the teachers, coaches and family members to intervene and possibly save her.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and Occidental College have come up with a roadmap for transitioning the state to a low-carbon economy while improving the lives of the state's most marginalized people.
California Considers Job Program to Address Shortage of Senior Caregivers
Public Health
California Needs More Funding for Alternatives to Juvenile Detention, Legislator Says
OP ED: For Our LGBT Community, We Need a Better Violence Against Women Act via @calhealthreport


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Northeastern University Speech-Language and Hearing Center provides assessment, treatment, counseling and referral services to children and adults with hearing, balance, communication and/or swallowing problems. We are dedicated to enhancing prevention and to developing and providing innovative clinical programs to people of all ages. Our full service center is technologically advanced and staffed with licensed speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and graduate students who work collaboratively with families and caregivers to develop individualized treatment plans.
All staff are certified by the American Speech-Language and Hearing Association (ASHA) and licensed by the Massachusetts Board of Registration of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. The Center is licensed by the Department of Public Health and follows the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy and Security Rules.


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BACKGROUND IMAGE: iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
The object is better backup
New object-based backup may forever change the way backup is done. It drastically reduces volumes by backing up only the data that has changed.
- John Merryman, GlassHouse Technologies, Inc.
Imagine if each day you could parse every tiny segment of data in the enterprise and only back up or archive those parts that have truly changed, rather than backing up entire files, databases and objects. Object-based backup--an emerging field of storage technology that only a handful of companies are focusing on--introduces a new medium for data protection and retention. It presents a software infrastructure that reinvents the way we think about and visualize production data backup and archive activities. And it just may be the foundation for a strategy to use inexpensive commodity servers, disk arrays and IP networking far more effectively.
An object-based system can determine if any changes to a file or its attributes have occurred since it was last backed up. If modifications are detected, only the changes are backed up--not the entire file. This can eliminate the unnecessary copying of large amounts of data, thus significantly speeding up backups and reducing the amount of storage space required.
Hashing and storage
Hashing algorithms--one of the key components of object-based storage--were developed in academic computing circles decades ago and are widely used in computer security, encryption and authentication technologies. With hashing, a string of data is analyzed to produce a unique value, or signature, that identifies the original segment of data. In security systems, hashing algorithms are commonly used in public-key encryption protocols where a simple string of password data may be encrypted with a 128-bit hashing algorithm to produce a unique signature--unique enough, that is, to require as many as 2^128 guesses for an interloper to decrypt the string.
In object-based storage, hashing algorithms are used similarly to uniquely identify segments of data that are stored in file systems. Incoming data files are parsed into uniformly sized objects and a hash value is calculated for each one. The results are then compared to those in an existing hash index, which is essentially a database that holds the hash values--or meta data--for each data segment. If an identical hash value already exists in the index, then the piece of data it represents isn't copied (backed up). If the new hash value doesn't match any in the hash index, it's added to the index and the associated data object is copied into the object-based environment.
|Traditional backup is storage-intensive
Why is object-based backup so important?
What makes object-based backup particularly appealing is that it drastically reduces the amount of data that needs to be backed up. Object-based backup vendors clearly differentiate themselves from vendors offering disk-only backup appliance solutions.
Because object-based storage is relatively immature, products are only available from a handful of vendors. But given the optimistic upside of the technology, more storage vendors are sure to follow. (See "Object-based storage vendors and products") Note that vendors often use different terminology to describe object-based backup, including reference data, commonality factoring, data coalescence, single-instance storage or content-addressable storage.
How it works
Vendor-specific software implementations commonly leverage the following hardware components in an object-based backup architecture:
- Client interface. This is could be standalone client module, a networked file system interface (such as NFS or CIFS) or existing backup software clients.
- Portal node. The portal node is typically a rack-mounted Intel server running a stripped-down version of Linux and specialized software that manages data and object-based processing (parsing, hashing, indexing, etc.).
- Storage nodes. These are often rack-mounted servers containing high-density ATA or Serial ATA (SATA) disk drives. Usually, five or six storage nodes will be clustered with a portal node. Storage nodes usually provide redundant storage services for data storage, and in some cases, redundancy for meta data stores.
- Gigabit Ethernet. These architectures use Gigabit Ethernet to connect clients to portals and storage nodes. Typically, switches populate the cluster environment to enable high-performance switched network traffic among clustered storage and portal nodes.
Architecturally, the combined hardware components form a clustered storage environment where meta data (hash-derived index files) and data objects are stored and managed across multiple storage nodes. Some implementations use a checksum routine, plus mirroring, to ensure data integrity, while others use RAID technologies. To avoid data loss that could occur at a single storage server or disk array, a RAID-type algorithm propagates data across the storage nodes in the cluster, ensuring that data parity is established for all data in the cluster. Portal servers are also clustered to enable fault-tolerance and load balancing for the front-end data processing function. In some deployments, data parsing, hashing and index processing is distributed across the portal and storage node clusters in a grid-computing style of workload distribution. The result is a highly intelligent storage cluster, built with low-cost, high-density commodity hardware components.
Client access to the subsystems occurs either through standard NFS- or CIFS-mounted file systems or through a custom client software interface, depending on which vendor and implementation strategy best fits the client infrastructure. A common theme--not unlike traditional backup systems--is that data is copied into the backup environment and transferred across IP networks into the object-oriented storage environment. Some object-based backup systems will work with existing backup software tools, while others completely replace installed backup systems and associated client applications. (See "Object-based storage vendors and products")
Object-based backup has the potential to substantially reduce the cost and time it takes to transfer data to a remote location for disaster recovery applications. Object-based backup's low bandwidth requirements may also enable distributed implementations, where smaller satellite installations can replicate data to other locations for disaster recovery purposes.
|Object-based storage vendors and products
Reduce redundancy
Data currency--to a backup software system--determines whether or not data has changed since the last incremental backup. If a single file attribute has changed since the last backup, that file will inevitably be backed up again. This applies to backup systems using the incremental forever methodology. The problem is compounded in environments where a full backup is run daily, weekly or monthly, in addition to differential or incremental backups. The result is that environments store many redundant versions of files, although actual subfile level changes to the data may be insignificant.
The volume of stored data stored can be extraordinary. Based on the backup metrics in place, the ratio of active to backup data may be as high as 1:25. "Traditional backup is storage-intensive" on this page shows ratios that are likely to occur with common backup scenarios. Specific ratios vary, depending on site-specific data change rates, backup policies, archival retentions and the underlying technologies being used for backup.
The redundancy of data exists because of the practice of evaluating data currency exclusively at the file level. Vendors aim to improve the ratio of primary (active) to secondary (backup) storage to a ratio of 1:2. This means that a 20TB object-based disk backup disk pool would sufficiently manage data backups in an environment with 10TB of active data. Because the ratio is low, a large pool of inexpensive disk for backup works in some environments.
Where it can work best
Two common enterprise file types--e-mail file stores and databases--illustrate how the benefits of object-based backup can be realized. These tend to be large files that are backed up entirely if they are changed--even when the changes are not extensive. It's such a concern that it has spawned a software cottage industry.
The ubiquitous Microsoft Outlook personal folder files (.pst) residing on vast numbers of corporate file servers are a case in point. Each time Outlook is run, a personal folder file is opened and updated, regardless of whether any e-mail messages were added or deleted from the file store. Because the .pst was updated by the application, the file will be backed up during the next backup session because appears to have changed. For a company with hundreds or thousands of Outlook users, the volume of unnecessary backup activity can be staggering.
Database applications pose a similar problem. In ideal circumstances, backup applications will interface directly with the database backup API to extract only incremental changes to a database. These are effective solutions, but more common practices for database backup are typically less efficient. It's common to export the database to file for backup, quiesce the database for a full backup or copy the database to a split mirror volume for backup. Like the mail store file, every moment a database application runs, the database file attributes are modified, resulting in the entire file object being backed up.
Object-based disk technologies are also being adapted to serve a primary storage role. EMC Corp.'s Centera offers a similar concept to provide content-addressed storage (CAS) functionality for content management applications, where large volumes of redundant files can be managed in a singular instance in a disk-based appliance. EMC's Centera offers a way for applications to write data into a content-addressable primary storage environment, using an API designed for accessibility by a wide array of content management applications. The object-based market is entirely different, however, due to the ability of those products to manage data objects at a subfile level.
Object-based backup vendors offer a different technology breed, yet with the same basic principles and goals: to help organizations manage--in an extremely efficient manner--large volumes of infrequently changing data in a disk environment. Whether or not object-based backup will function as primary or secondary storage, or both, is still to be determined, so expect to see multiple product marketing strategies from the vendor community.
Real-world object-based backup
Early adopters of object-based backup will be organizations experiencing significant problems with backup, and a cutting-edge solution may be less risky than attempting to retool their current backup infrastructure. Companies facing increased demand to keep archival data accessible as a result of regulatory compliance demands may also benefit from object-based backup and archive solutions.
In addition, enterprises with branch offices or remote operations that need a low-overhead, small-footprint backup solution may be prime candidates for object-based backup. In large companies where significantly altering backup/archive operations might stir up budgeting, cultural or technical issues, their major investments in backup software and tape are likely to deter any radical changes. But even in those cases, a hybrid approach may prove to be a beneficial blending of architectures.
The two primary object-based backup implementation scenarios are:
- Standalone implementations of object-based backup that are intended to completely replace existing backup infrastructure (see "Three ways to use object-based backup")
- Integrated implementations that place the object-based backup into existing backup infrastructures
Backing up files in use--also known as fuzzy backup--is also an issue with object-based backup. To successfully back up this data, the responsibility lies with applications and intelligent API-type backup modules to extract data out of the application for backup. The traditional method is database backup, where the database application must be halted or the database must have an export function to create static files for backup.
Object-based backup doesn't solve this dilemma because active data backup issues at the file level still exist at the subfile level. Object-based backup vendors with standalone client software must develop their own interfaces to applications and databases to deal with so-called fuzzy backups.
Another scenario involves using dual infrastructures for multiple-site disaster recovery, where a primary object-based backup environment replicates data changes to an alternative mirror environment. Object-based backup provides a different way of replicating data between sites. Because only subfile level changes to the production backup environment would be replicated, the network bandwidth and latency requirements demanded by modern replication tools would be significantly lowered.
Reliability is a common concern for those considering object-based backup. Protecting an object-based environment against meta data failure and corruption are valid concerns. When object-based backup is used to complement existing backup
software and tape environments, traditional tape-based disaster recovery is a legitimate fall-back strategy.
Object-based backup has the potential to dramatically change the way disk is used in production backup. The technologies are immature, but their potential to streamline disk-based backup should not be underestimated.
|Three ways to use object-based backup
Related Resources
- Focus: Object storage –ComputerWeekly.com
- Guide to OpenStack storage –ComputerWeekly.com
- Top 10 Backup Challenges and Expert Recommendations to Address Them –SearchStorage.com
- CW ASEAN October 2016 –SearchStorage.com