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by Chuck Israels
Lesson 15 - Writing for 4 or More Voices
Adding More Voices:
TECHNIQUES FOR SECTION WRITING (SAxES, BRASS, STRINGS, MIxED GROUPS, ETC.) AND BIG BAND ENSEMBLE WRITING.
Harmonize every note of a melody, or select unison and harmonized passages carefully. (Do not jump irrationally in and out of harmony and unison within the space of a few notes.) Add notes below the melody, each chord tone in turn. Start with 4 parts. That will ensure that the entire sound of the chord is present. A 5th instrument can be added to the texture by doubling the lead voice an octave lower, or a 5th part can be added by including another color tone. Faster, more rhythmically active passages often sound best with 4 real voices, while slower passages, where there is time for the ear to appreciate individual harmonies, can better accommodate 5 part chords. (Voicings may be either block style with the notes assembled closely together or open with the notes spread further apart.)
Heres an example of a close block voicing, and the same chord in an open voicing created by dropping the 2nd voice one octave.
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
Once the block style is mastered it is a relatively simple matter to learn how to open the harmony by dropping one or two of the lower voices one octave, leaving an open space in the harmony.N.B. When opening the harmonies of dominant chords, tritones may appear between the upper voices, where they can create problems of sonority and intonation (when the melody note is either the 3rd or 7th of the dominant chord). These situations can often be resolved by substituting a dominant chord whose root is a minor 3rd away from the root of the real chord of the moment. This can provide a moment of interesting harmonic color and should be encouraged in spite of what may appear to be chromatic conflict with the prevailing harmony.
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
There are circumstances where avoiding tritones between the upper voices is not appropriate, and there are some situations where that is the most desirable sound. The saxophone section excerpt from David Bergers Monkey Business that appears near the end of this chapter is a good example of effective intentional use of tritones between the upper voices of a passage harmonized for 5 voices.
When writing for five instruments (voices) the arranger may double the melody an octave lower for the fifth part.(This technique was used for the Glen Miller reed section to create its distinctive sound. The famous Los Angeles group, Supersax, applied the technique to the complex chromatic contours of Charlie Parkers music. Before that time others, including Lunceford, Ellington and Basie. Benny Goodmans band, for example, used it consistently with its five brass, and when Goodman played clarinet with the 4 saxophones, both in closed and drop positions.)
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
- Put the melody note on top.
- Use four (or 5) different notes.
- Do not double notes except for the melody (an octave below).Include the 3rd and the 7th on dominant seventh chords. (When the 4th is suspended the 3rd is omitted.)
- The major 6th or major 7th may be added to major or minor triads for the fourth part. Do not add the major 7th when the root is in the melody. (Avoid having any note 1/2 step below the melody.) Minor 7ths are sometimes added to tonic minor chords when suggesting modal harmony.
- If you have the 9th, 11th, or 13th in the melody or if you use those notes to color your harmony then the following pitches are often omitted, though they may be useful in cluster voicings or when the horizontal flow of a line makes them better melodic choices.
- When using the 9th, flat 9th, or sharp 9th, usually omit the root. (The root is sometimes used with the sharp 9th.)
- When using the 13th, flat 13th (or sharp 5), omit the 5th.
- When using the perfect 11th on minor chords, omit the 5th.When using the sharp 11th, omit the 5th.
Few melodies are made up of only chord tones, so it is necessary to use passing chords to harmonize the non-chord tones. There are several types of passing chords that will handle most situations.
1. Diminished 7th or minor 7th chords whose roots are one whole step above the basic chord.
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
2. Chromatic, planing, chords that move 1/2 step up or down into the basic (target) chord.
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
3. The ii7 - v7 principle in which a ii7 chord occurs between each sounding of the v7 chord. (This method produces repeated notes in some lower parts not always acceptable and superseded by other, more modern, techniques.)
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
4. Dominant 7th chords which refer to and target the basic chord of the moment.
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
As more voices are added to a thickened line texture, the resulting chords become more thoroughly descriptive of the harmony of the moment, so it becomes more important to choose the right chord for the important notes in the line.When choosing among a series of notes in order to select which ones will be treated as chord tones and which ones will be treated as non-chord tones, observe the principle that the lower the note in the harmonic series of the BASIC harmony, the more likely that it should be treated as a chord tone.This can be a tricky process choosing which among a group of notes are aligned with the principle harmony, and which ones need to be treated as passing tones. It takes time to do this right, and even experienced arrangers make occasional errors, but there are some things that can help to indicate the right direction.
It may seem counterintuitive to write a phrase of music backwards (we rarely compose sentences that way) but, as musicians, we are in the rare position of being in control of the future, so working backwards from a desirable resolution and joining the end of a phrase to its beginning can produce satisfying results. It would be hard to over-emphasize the efficacy of working this way. It often produces solutions to problems that are hard to envision when seen only from the perspective of the beginning of the phrase.
Here is a practical application of that way of thinking. When harmonizing a passage that invites parallel planing to a voicing that has been determined, always shape the preceding chords with the same intervallic contour as the target chord. In other words, plane towards the target chord rather than away from a starting chord. In order to do this, it is necessary to determine which is the target chord, and what its voicing will be, and then change the intervals of the chords that lead to it to match the intervals of the target chord.
Here are some examples:
Score References & Musical Examples Using JABB:
Click on Play Button below to Play from the Score
In these examples, its worth noting that in all but the first example, the B flat in the lead line is treated as a non-chord tone. It is often the case that chord tones that are higher in the harmonic series (the 6th, 7th, 9th, 13th, and sometimes even the 3rd) welcome treatment as non-chord tones when they appear in phrases that include notes that are lower in the harmonic series (the root and/or the 5th).
Repeated notes in lower parts should be avoided unless repeated notes also occur in the melody.
If repeated notes are necessary in lower parts, they MAy occur from a strong beat to a weak beat but not from a weak beat to a strong one.
Lower parts attract less (usually unwanted) attention when they do not exceed the intervalic movement in the melody. When it is necessary to leap further in a lower part than the melody moves, do not exceed the melodic movement by more than a 3rd.
This parallel harmony, line thickening, tradition is an identifying characteristic of jazz ensemble music, and jazz composer/arrangers spend a lot of time developing a personal approach to this texture, so much so that it can seem to be the whole story. It is not, by a long shot, but there are so many subtleties and nuances involved that serious study of this technique can reward the student with an increased sense of control and personal style.
Sectional jazz ensemble writing began to appear as interest in early swing bands began to take hold in the late 1920s. Fletcher Hendersons band typically had a three-man reed section (saxophone players, doubling on clarinets) and a five-man brass section three trumpets and two trombones. Benny Goodman further popularized Hendersons musical style when he bought Hendersons existing arrangements and hired him to write for his band. In this early instance of the development of the style, repeated notes in lower parts were permitted (while notes changed in the lead part). As the tradition developed, especially in Ellingtons music, it became clear that the texture was more fluid when the lower notes changed along with the changing melody notes, and this has remained an important element in the successful creation of passages in this style. The most famous prototype for this kind of ensemble writing is Ellingtons arrangement of COTTONTAIL.
Please Support the Free Online Jazz Arranging CourseGo Here to the "Donation & Pre-Order Page"
Donate to the Author or Pre-Order the Book & DVD
The online "Exploring Jazz Arranging" course is the culmination of a tremendous amount of work and represents a golden opportunity to learn from a real master. The course is offered free of charge and there is no obligation to buy anything. If you are benefiting from this course, it would be appropriate to honor Chuck's work if it is within your means. One way to support the effort is to make a donation to Chuck in appreciation of his work.Any and all donation proceeds go directly to Chuck.
Another way to support this work us to pre-order the hardcover book & DVD that will ship at the conclusion of this course. The hardcover book will have additional material and will include this entire course on DVD.
Coming Next Lesson: Lesson 16 - Writing for 4 or More Voices (Cont.)


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Every emoji user has at some time argued about the meaning of at least one character. Is that grimacing face gritting its teeth in pain, or merely smiling hugely? Is that red-faced demonic dude furious, or pouting? Like any digital communication, the 14-year-old pictorial language has more than a few gray areas that can lead to communication breakdowns and misinterpretations.
New York performance artist Genevieve Belleveau is fascinated by these misinterpretations. Her piece, Emoji Autism Facial Recognition Therapy, was one of the most intuitive and thought-provoking pieces at the highly regarded Emoji Art Show in Manhattan. It examines the common misinterpretations people make with emoji and features her Emoji Recognition Chart, a catalog of emoji and their corresponding "emotions" as interpreted by Siri's accessibility translation (yes, Siri speaks verbal interpretations of emoji characters).
The chart mimics psychologist Paul Ekman's groundbreaking research in microexpressions — the minute facial movements that convey emotion – that is widely used in, among other things, high-functioning autism therapy. During the Emoji Art Show opening earlier this month, Belleveau sat below the poster, a quasi-therapist hosting impromptu sessions with "patients." She asked people questions based on their understanding of emoji – How would you respond with emoji if your significant other broke up with you right before you were to leave on a trip with them? – and placed them on an "emoji spectrum" based upon how elaborate or interpretive their responses are.
This being an art show, Belleveau's placement of people on her self-crafted spectrum is hardly scientific. But it is nonetheless telling. If you chose the red-faced emoji (which, according to Siri, is pouting) to answer that hypothetical question, you would not land as highly on the spectrum as someone who crafted a detailed reply using the pig, the knife, and the broken heart. Your ability to recognize the meaning of each emoji and sufficiently understand the nuances to string them together determines your place on the scale.
"Literal language is one of the indicators of Aspbergers, so people who were very literal in their interpretations, they answered the question exactly [without much detail]," Belleveau says. "They were on the lower end of the spectrum."
Belleveau studies social psychology and sociology to inform her work. "One of the underlying causes I was trying to champion was to raise the question of autism and the idea of differentiating normal and non-normal behavior," she says. "There's a lot of conversation about the autism spectrum and whether we're all on it or not. Language is a very rigid means of expressing the infinite emotional capabilities of humans. It's a human rights question: Do we need to create these barriers and differences, and what can we do to even the playing field?"
It might seem insensitive to make pop art out of an incredibly complex and widely stigmatized disorder, even if Belleveau's "consultations" at the NYC show included a woman who works with autistic children. That impression comes only if you've never encountered her other work. Belleveau, who describes herself as a "soft psychologist," uses performance and social ritual to build an overarching narrative in which she embodies an alter-ego – a spiritual "healer/social media guru"-type called gorgeousTaps – to explore correlations between the traditional and modern ways we interact with one another. Belleveau once orchestrated an all-digital "reality show" that challenged contestants to be her best Facebook friend and prompted emotional breakdowns among participants. Another work consisted of a series of church services that blended traditional religious rites with internet rites we perform daily without thought. Her next project, an experiment called Mobile Monastery that kicks off next month, will "investigate urban asceticism in NYC by modifying and inhabiting an RV with the goals of personal artistic exploration and community outreach."
Emoji Autism Facial Recognition Therapy examines our difficulty grasping the meaning of emoji, and draws parallels to the difficulty those living with autism have recognizing emotion. In that regard, it asks many of the same questions posed by her earlier works.
"I'm interested in relationships between people," she says. "Maybe 'relational aesthetics' is another way to think of it. At the heart of it, [I focus on] why people want to connect with one another, what they do to connect, and what happens when connections break down?"
In that narrative, Emoji Autism Facial Recognition Therapy connects the dots between our understanding of mental illness and how we use emerging technologies to interact with one another. Turns out, there is a concrete description of each emoji, just as there is a definitive way to read facial microexpressions. So it follows that, in the same way children with autism may use Ekman's microexpression charts to learn empathy techniques that don't come naturally to them, perhaps we could use Belleveau's chart to learn the specific definitions of each emoji character to avoid misinterpretations.
Belleveau's chart raises fascinating questions about the evolution of instant digital communication, our interpretation of that communication, and how our misinterpretations of it may not be so different from the social traits we often we stigmatize. Belleveau is right alongside us; she says the work only prompted more questions, ones beyond those that birthed the piece in the first place.
"By the end of it, I felt like I was doing rune readings," she says. "All of this was me interpreting the hopes and dreams and feelings of each participant. It was actually very personal; it didn't have a cold, clinical psychology. I realized I'm incapable of that."

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Roa and Sweet Toof but he has just released the image as an editioned print.
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Welcome to Watch List, where we identify five things on TV to watch while you stay at home and hot sauce your children. The burn lets them know you mean business! LET'S GO!
TEEN MOM – 10:00PM (MTV) Amber has a hot date tonight. And I bet that'll be a fun time for the guy involved. "So Amber, tell me about yourself." "Well, I have a kid. Oh, and I got arrested for assaulting my baby daddy on camera." "Oh. Oh, really? That's... nice. Say, do you mind if I go to the loo for a moment? (jumps out bathroom window and drives away)" Gonna be tough for our girl to find true love once more. ANTICIPATION: AWKWARD!
BLADE RUNNER – 9:00PM (SyFy - an NBC/Universal network) Ridley Scott's sci-fi masterpiece is showcased tonight on SyFy in its full extended version glory, complete with new effects and a longer running time. And I do believe that this cut also does away with Harrison Ford's narration, which everyone hated. Man, remember when Harrison Ford was a great actor? When he cared? It's been so, so long. ANTICIPATION: OMG SEAN YOUNG IS IN THIS I FORGOT!
WORLD SERIES OF POKER – 9:00PM (ESPN) It's part 4 of the 25-part main event. Yes, that's right. Twenty-five parts. Apparently this tournament was organized by Leo Tolstoy. ANTICIPATION: ANTE UP!
AMERICA'S GOT TALENT – 9:00PM (NBC) I need some kind of Sharon Osborne Blocker device for my remote, so I can watch this show without having to see or hear her. That should be the next step in TV technology. We have the mute button. We have the DVR. Now we need some kind of clipping software that allows you to extricate people and characters you dislike from a show entirely. Seems feasible. ANTICIPATION: JUGGLING!
I HATE MY KITCHEN – 9:00PM (DIY) Wahhh wahhh. You know how lucky you are that you even have a kitchen? In Iceland, they have to live inside volcanoes! ANTICIPATION: RENOVATEY!
Tuesday Watch List: Teen Moms On The Prowl!
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For decades, scientists have known that chronic exposure to high concentrations of the metal manganese can cause movement abnormalities resembling symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but apparently without the same neuron damage characteristic of Parkinson's patients. Now, researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a potential explanation to why these neurological symptoms may occur with manganese exposure. The study found that dopamine neurons in the brain of animals exposed to manganese do not release dopamine when stimulated, suggestive of a dysfunctional dopamine system even though the neurons do not show the damage present with Parkinson's disease. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter necessary for normal motor function. In addition, the researchers found that effects of manganese exposure occurred at blood concentrations in the upper range of levels documented in children and adults with environmental or occupational exposure. The study is published in the online version of the journal Experimental Neurology.
Manganese is a metal used in welding, battery making and in other industrial settings. In Canada, it replaced lead as a gasoline additive. Manganese, in the form of MMT, is approved in the United States as a gasoline additive but is not in use. The symptoms of "manganism" include behavioral and memory disturbances as well as Parkinson's-like symptoms. Tremors occur with movement as opposed to the resting tremors typical of Parkinson's disease.
"These findings may provide an explanation for some of the differences between manganism and idiopathic Parkinson's disease, as well as why patients with manganese-induced neurological symptoms do not seem to respond to traditional Parkinson's therapies," said the study's lead author, Tomás R. Guilarte, PhD, a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Bloomberg School of Public Health.
For the study, researchers observed a group of animals that were given incremental levels of manganese. The animals were monitored for behavioral changes and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used to assess various markers of dopamine neurons in the brain. According to the study, in addition to decreased in vivo dopamine release, manganese exposure produced subtle deficits in behavior and fine motor function.
"More work is needed to understand the relationship between the changes in behavior and the alterations in the dopamine system," explained Jay S. Schneider, professor of pathology, anatomy and cell biology at Thomas Jefferson University and co-author of the study.
"There are other aspects of manganese neurotoxicity that this on-going study is examining that are likely to change the way that we view the risk of manganese exposure today," said Guilarte.
"Nigrostriatal dopamine system dysfunction and subtle motor deficits in manganese-exposed non-human primates" was written by Tomás R. Guilarte, Ming-Kai Chen, Jennifer L. McGlothan, Tatyana Verina, Dean F. Wong, Yun Zhou, Mohab Alexander, Charles A. Rohde, Tore Syversen, Emmanuel Decamp, Amy Jo Koser, Stephanie Fritz, Heather Gonczi, David W. Anderson and Jay S. Schneider.


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DevOps and Kubernetes are better together. Implementing secure DevOps together with Kubernetes on Azure, you can achieve the balance between speed and security and deliver code faster at scale. Put guardrails around the development processes using CI/CD with dynamic policy controls and accelerate feedback loop with constant monitoring. Use Azure Pipelines to deliver fast while ensuring enforcement of critical policies with Azure Policy. Azure provides you real-time observability for your build and release pipelines, and the ability to apply compliance audit and reconfigurations easily.
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- 6 Release pipeline automatically executes pre-defined deployment strategy with each code change
- 7 Policy enforcement and auditing is added to CI/CD pipeline using Azure Policy
- 8 App telemetry, container health monitoring, and real-time log analytics are obtained using Azure Monitor
- 9 Insights used to address issues and fed into next sprint plans
Use the AKS virtual node to provision pods inside ACI that start in seconds. This enables AKS to run with just enough capacity for your average workload. As you run out of capacity in your AKS cluster, scale out additional pods in ACI without any additional servers to manage.
- 1 User registers container in Azure Container Registry
- 2 Container images are pulled from the Azure Container Registry
- 3 AKS virtual node, a Virtual Kubelet implementation, provisions pods inside ACI from AKS when traffic comes in spikes.
- 4 AKS and ACI containers write to shared data store


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I have no exact number for how many Focus ST models Ford is selling, but I've been seeing them a lot around Metro Detroit and not just in Dearborn. When the Fiesta ST is out, I imagine they'll sell just as well.
Until then, we'll just have to savor the video of Ford's rally Fiesta ST drifting across the city. It's a different iteration of the video Ray posted earlier directly from Ford Racing; both vids are part of the grassroots movement to bring the X Games here, but this vid is all Fiesta and no...fiestas. (Like that?)
Ray wanted to see more of the Fiesta in action on the roof of Cobo Hall (home of the Detroit auto show), and you've got that. But you've also got our driver drifting around Campus Martius (the center of downtown for those unaware), across Belle Isle (which is like our Central Park) and around the old train station used to illustrate every Detroit-is-dying story you've ever read.
And before you say "Detroit is so abandoned that you can drift freely...", remember we can get permits to temporarily block streets and what not. That said, if you come to town I'll show you a few places where you can drift without the paperwork.
We should know soon whether ESPN will choose Detroit or not. Keep your fingers crossed.


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Leukemia is a type of cancer that happens when cells in your bone marrow grow abnormally and out of control. These cells can spread to other parts of your body.
There are four main types of leukemia: acute lymphoblastic (ALL), acute myelogenous (AML), chronic lymphocytic (CLL), and chronic myelogenous (CML). The acute types can get worse quickly and need to be treated right away. The chronic types get worse slowly and may not need to be treated until you have symptoms.
Last Revised:
December 14, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Brian Leber, MDCM, FRCPC - Hematology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Special Olympics Ireland have sports, training, and competitions that are active in 5 of our Regions across the Island. You can get involved by getting in touch with your closest Special Olympics Ireland Regional office.
Special Olympics Ireland is a company limited by guarantee and registered in Dublin, Ireland. Registered address: National Sports Campus, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. D15 PC63.Company No: 228545. Charity Number: 20016883. Charity Tax Number: CHY 7556 (ROI) / IE00009 (UK) A list of all names and personal details of every director of the company is available for inspection to the public at the company's registered office for a nominal fee
Annual Review
Strategy 2016-2020 - Full
Strategy 2016-2020 - Summary
Athlete Participation Form Guidelines
Club Handbook
Code of Ethics- long version
Code of Ethics- volunteers
Connect Newsletter
Event Management Guide
General Information Leaflet
Guide to Intellectual Disability
A Guide to Organising Inter Club Activities
Language Guidelines
Quick Guide to Competition
Regulations Governing Special Olympics Ireland Sport
Privacy Policy
Access NI Disclosures Storage Policy


text:
Publication Archive
This archive contains all documents published by cep over the last few years:
cepAdhoc: Incisive comment on current EU policy issues.
cepPolicyBrief: Concise 4-page reviews of EU proposals (Regulations, Directives, Green Papers, White Papers, Communications) – including a brief summary and economic and legal assessments.
cepInput: Impulse to current discussions of EU policies.
cepStudy: Comprehensive examination of EU policy proposals affecting the economy.
The Commission recommends that the Member States introduce collective actions. Collective actions refers to actions brought by two or more affected parties or by an authority or entity on their behalf. Collective actions should facilitate the enforcement of legal rights, particularly where individual actions are too costly for affected parties.
The European Commission wants to bring in a system to monitor, report and verify CO2 emissions and other climate-relevant information from ships ("MRV system"). On the one hand, the data will create a basis for further political measures. On the other, companies will gain a better overview of cost reductions.
European airspace is currently divided on the basis of national boundaries rather than in order to optimise the flow of traffic. For the establishment of a "Single European Sky" (SES), the EU issued four Regulations in 2004 (SES I) and modified them in 2009 (SES II). As there were significant delays in the implementation of SES I and SES II, the proposed Regulation (SES II+) aims to speed up the process of establishing the SES.
The Commission wants to increase the distribution of building insurance for elemental damage and ensure that industrial companies can afford to remedy environmental damage.
The Commission wants to integrate the public employment services (PES) in the Member States into a formal network and improve their efficiency by way of a benchmarking system.
EU competition law is enforced by competition authorities who find infringements of competition law and, where applicable, impose fines, and by victims who bring actions for damages before national courts. With this Directive, the Commission is seeking, on the one hand, to ensure that victims of an infringement of competition law throughout the EU are able to enforce their right to full damages. On the other hand, it wants to ensure the coordination of enforcement by way of actions for damages and enforcement by way of the competition authorities.
In order to promote the deployment of broadband, the Commission wants to reduce construction costs.
The European Commission wants to increase competition for seaport services in important EU ports by extending the freedom to provide services to include port services. It also wants to make the financial relations between public authorities and port service providers more transparent and strengthen the autonomy of port management bodies to set their own infrastructure charges in order to improve investment conditions.
The Commission proposes that, in future, it will decide, together with a new Resolution Board, on the resolution of banks in SSM States. In addition, a Single Resolution Fund will be set up to finance the resolution costs.
The European Commission has proposed a "Product Safety and Market Surveillance Package" containing, in particular, a proposal for a Regulation on consumer product safety and a proposal for a Regulation on the regulatory market surveillance of products. The proposal for a Regulation on product safety aims to simplify the different rules on consumer product safety as well as ensuring that consumer products are safe.


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Northeast Lantern, a family owned business in New Hampshire, has been producing handmade lighting products in the USA for over 25 years. Their lanterns, sconces, chandeliers and other lights are all hand-crafted from solid brass and copper, and are guaranteed for life. Each piece is created just for you using man-powered machines operated by skilled craftsmen. Northeast Lantern has several antique finishes and glass styles to choose from, or you can request completely custom designs. Favorites include the contemporary Empire and Midtown lines to timeless classics like the Onion and Heal Collections.
The Coplin collection by Northeast Lantern includes Wall Sconces in a variety of finish and glass options. Contact our knowledgable sales team for additional options.
All Northeast Lantern products (including Freight) ship for FREE within the contiguous United States on orders over $50.
All Northeast Lantern products that ship via UPS or FedEx Ground within the contiguous United States are FREE to return.
We do not charge a restocking fee for any returnable Northeast Lantern products.
If you find a Northeast Lantern product on another site for less than us, we will match it PLUS 10% of the difference. Learn more


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Here's my annual posting of the Beloit Mindset List for incoming frosh:
"2017 List
When the Class of 2017 arrives on campus this fall, these digital natives will already be well-connected to each other. They are more likely to have borrowed money for college than their Boomer parents were, and while their parents foresee four years of school, the students are pretty sure it will be longer than that. Members of this year's first year class, most of them born in 1995, will search for the academic majors reported to lead to good-paying jobs, and most of them will take a few courses taught at a distant university by a professor they will never meet.
The use of smart phones in class may indicate they are reading the assignment they should have read last night, or they may be recording every minute of their college experience…or they may be texting the person next to them. If they are admirers of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, they may wonder whether a college degree is all it's cracked up to be, even as their dreams are tempered by the reality that tech geniuses come along about as often as Halley's Comet, which they will not glimpse until they reach what we currently consider "retirement age."
Though they have never had the chicken pox, they are glad to have access to health insurance for a few more years. They will study hard, learn a good deal more, teach their professors quite a lot, and realize eventually that they will soon be in power. After all, by the time they hit their thirties, four out of ten voters will be of their generation. Whatever their employers may think of them, politicians will be paying close attention.
Each August since 1998, Beloit College has released the Beloit College Mindset List, providing a look at the cultural touchstones that shape the lives of students entering college this fall. Prepared by Beloit's former Public Affairs Director Ron Nief and Keefer Professor of the Humanities Tom McBride, the list was originally created as a reminder to faculty to be aware of dated references. It quickly became an internationally monitored catalog of the changing worldview of each new college generation. Mindset List websites at themindsetlist.com and beloit.edu, as well as the Mediasite webcast and their Facebook page receive more than a million visits annually.
The Mindset List for the Class of 2017
For this generation of entering college students, born in 1995, Dean Martin, Mickey Mantle, and Jerry Garcia have always been dead.
1. Eminem and LL Cool J could show up at parents' weekend.
2. They are the sharing generation, having shown tendencies to share everything, including possessions, no matter how personal.
3. GM means food that is Genetically Modified.
4. As they started to crawl, so did the news across the bottom of the television screen.
5. "Dude" has never had a negative tone.
6. As their parents held them as infants, they may have wondered whether it was the baby or Windows 95 that had them more excited.
7. As kids they may well have seen Chicken Run but probably never got chicken pox.
8. Having a chat has seldom involved talking.
9. Gaga has never been baby talk.
10. They could always get rid of their outdated toys on eBay.
11. They have known only two presidents.
12. Their TV screens keep getting smaller as their parents' screens grow ever larger.
13. PayPal has replaced a pen pal as a best friend on line.
14. Rites of passage have more to do with having their own cell phone and Skype accounts than with getting a driver's license and car.
15. The U.S. has always been trying to figure out which side to back in Middle East conflicts.
16. A tablet is no longer something you take in the morning.
17. Threatening to shut down the government during Federal budget negotiations has always been an anticipated tactic.
18. Growing up with the family dog, one of them has worn an electronic collar, while the other has toted an electronic lifeline.
19. Plasma has never been just a bodily fluid.
20. The Pentagon and Congress have always been shocked, absolutely shocked, by reports of sexual harassment and assault in the military.
21. Spray paint has never been legally sold in Chicago.
22. Captain Janeway has always taken the USS Voyager where no woman or man has ever gone before.
23. While they've grown up with a World Trade Organization, they have never known an Interstate Commerce Commission.
24. Courts have always been ordering computer network wiretaps.
25. Planes have never landed at Stapleton Airport in Denver.
26. Jurassic Park has always had rides and snack bars, not free-range triceratops and velociraptors.
27. Thanks to Megan's Law and Amber Alerts, parents have always had community support in keeping children safe.
28. With GPS, they have never needed directions to get someplace, just an address.
29. Java has never been just a cup of coffee.
30. Americans and Russians have always cooperated better in orbit than on earth.
31. Olympic fever has always erupted every two years.
32. Their parents have always bemoaned the passing of precocious little Calvin and sarcastic stuffy Hobbes.
33. In their first 18 years, they have watched the rise and fall of Tiger Woods and Alex Rodriquez.
34. Yahoo has always been looking over its shoulder for the rise of "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle."
35. Congress has always been burdened by the requirement that they comply with the anti-discrimination and safety laws they passed for everybody else to follow.
36. The U.S. has always imposed economic sanctions against Iran.
37. The Celestine Prophecy has always been bringing forth a new age of spiritual insights.
38. Smokers in California have always been searching for their special areas, which have been harder to find each year.
39. They aren't surprised to learn that the position of Top Spook at the CIA is an equal opportunity post.
40. They have never attended a concert in a smoke-filled arena.
41. As they slept safely in their cribs, the Oklahoma City bomber and the Unabomber were doing their deadly work.
42. There has never been a national maximum speed on U.S. highways.
43. Don Shula has always been a fine steak house.
44. Their favorite feature films have always been largely, if not totally, computer generated.
45. They have never really needed to go to their friend's house so they could study together.
46. They have never seen the Bruins at Boston Garden, the Trailblazers at Memorial Coliseum, the Supersonics in Key Arena, or the Canucks at the Pacific Coliseum.
47. Dayton, Ohio, has always been critical to international peace accords.
48. Kevin Bacon has always maintained six degrees of separation in the cinematic universe.
49. They may have been introduced to video games with a new Sony PlayStation left in their cribs by their moms.
50. A Wiki has always been a cooperative web application rather than a shuttle bus in Hawaii.
51. The Canadian Football League Stallions have always sung Alouette in Montreal after bidding adieu to Baltimore.
52. They have always been able to plug into USB ports
53. Olestra has always had consumers worried about side effects.
54. Washington, D.C., tour buses have never been able to drive in front of the White House.
55. Being selected by Oprah's Book Club has always read "success."
56. There has never been a Barings Bank in England.
57. Their parents' car CD player is soooooo ancient and embarrassing.
58. New York's Times Square has always had a splash of the Magic Kingdom in it.
59. Bill Maher has always been politically incorrect.
60. They have always known that there are "five hundred, twenty five thousand, six hundred minutes" in a year. "


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Hello Everyone and Welcome to Bangkok Cafe!
Our restaurant has been opening for 20 years. We guarantee that your dinning experience will be taken to another level when you visit us and try the delicious recipes from our full-experienced chef. Giving you the best of traditional Thai hospitality along with mouth watering food that will keep you coming back again and again. We humbly offer our establishment for your dining experience - please check our website for further details.
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text:
Kids' Crocs Fun Lab Hearts Lights Clog
Kids' Crocs Fun Lab Hearts Lights Clog
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Customer Fit Report
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Kids' Crocs Fun Lab Hearts Lights ClogItem #205648
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Do you have a little one who's all heart? If so, she will definitely feel the love while stepping into these inspired clogs with heart graphics. They also feature long-lasting LEDs that light up with every step! Crocs Fun Lab styles feature original character-rich graphics, licensed characters from popular entertainments and other inspired designs to help kids express themselves and engage new friends. In the Fun Lab, we see shoes as a blank canvas, a place to build in more fun for little ones.
Kids' Crocs Fun Lab Hearts Lights Clog Details:
- Pivoting heel straps that let them choose between clog and slide styles
- Uppers featuring graphics and lights where kids can interact with them
- Long-lasting LED lights; batteries are not replaceable
- Iconic Crocs Comfort™: Lightweight. Flexible. 360-degree comfort.
Our most generous, roomy fit.
Iconic Crocs Comfort™
Legendary Croslite™ foam cushioning offers all-day comfort and support.


text:
realsydney necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 62 diseños de 12 diseñadores freelance.
Real Sydney Tours
We provide boutique tours of Sydney and offer our clients a chance to experience Sydney as locals see it. We offer a part driving and part walking tour and only take up to a maximum of five people in our vehicle. When needed we also take our clients on our local public transport such as buses and ferries to make sure they see the Real Sydney. We explore the beautiful coast line of Sydney taking in expansive views and enchanting bays and beaches and and one of our highlights is a morning or afternoon tea stop offering champagne and orange juice along with Australian inspired nibbles while watching the sail boats glide by. We also show visitors our most iconic sites like Bondi Beach and The Sydney Opera House but we always stop where the big tourist buses can't go and we get a flavour for local cafes and restaurants where appropriate. Our tours can also be completely tailored to the customers wishes and we can venture anywhere in Sydney off the beaten tourist track. We are an intimate, fun and very personalised guiding service and when people leave us at the end of the day we want them to think they have had the most fantastic day with us in our beautiful city. Our minimun tour is four hours and usually we are booked for between six and eight hours.
Visitors to Sydney wanting a personal tour guide or a personalised tour. They do not want to be on a large bus with 50 others and they want to see Sydney through the eyes of a local. We need clients willing to spend money in order to get that intimate Sydney experience.
The current emerging market is India but we also want to target visitors from USA, Canada, New Zealand and Britain. Our target market is realistically English speaking countries as our tour is conducted in English.
We also have identified the over 50's cruise going client as a very important target audience. These people generally come to Sydney for a few days on either side of a cruise around the Pacific. They have ventured into downtown Sydney on their own but on day two or three they want a more intimate look at the city. They want to see the city through the eyes of a local. Alternatively they fly into Sydney in the morning and leave on a cruise in the afternoon so we are a perfect way for them to spend a transit day in Sydney.
We need a logo for Real Sydney Tours and realsydneytours.com.au. It needs to be lively and vibrant... representing the upbeat feel of Sydney but beware of using icons exclusively such as The Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge as these are likely to be under copyright.
The logo should inspire customers to call us and make a further enquiry..so it is a lead generator.
The logo should be colour but also work across black and white mediums.
It will be used on our
email template
business cards
Letterhead and with Compliments Slip
Here is an example of some logos I really like
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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- "...it isn't a rune and it's not in the syllabary either. All along I thought it was a picture of an eye, but now I don't think it is!"
- —Hermione Granger, referring to the symbol of the Deathly Hallows[src]
Spellman's Syllabary is a syllabary spell book and also used as one of the the textbooks for Ancient Runes classes in Hogwarts. It is presumed that the book shows ancient runic scripts and their meanings, as well as the pronunciation for these runes.
Hermione Granger also owned a copy of the book when she took up the subject in her third year. In her fifth year, she consulted it for homework while idly discussing the second Quidditch match of the season with Fred and George Weasley and Harry Potter.[1]
She also took it with her in 1997 when she joined Harry on his search for Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes and cried over it in Ronald Weasley's bedroom at The Burrow when Harry suggested that the Death Eaters might have "transfigured Moody and stuffed him."[2] She later used it to decipher the runes from the wizard fairytale, The Tales of Beedle the Bard, bequeathed by Albus Dumbledore in his will. The absence of the symbol of the Deathly Hallows from the syllabary led her to believe that it might have special significance.[3]
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)[4]
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter Limited Edition
Notes and references
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 26
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 6
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 16
- ↑ Harry Potter Limited Edition - A Guide to the Graphic Arts Department: Posters, Prints, and Publications from the Harry Potter Films
|Professor: Bathsheda Babbling
|Textbooks: Advanced Rune Translation · Ancient Runes Made Easy · Magical Hieroglyphs and Logograms · Rune Dictionary · Spellman's Syllabary
|Known Runes: Acromantula · Demiguise · Ehwaz · Eihwaz · Fwooper · Graphorn · Hydra · Quintaped · Runespoor · Salamander · Unicorn · Unknown · Mark of Merlin


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Find the perfect nightwear via our selection of pyjama sets, dressing gowns, lounge sets, robes and onesie's. We have simple and patterned loungewear from Calvin Klein, Firetrap and SoulCal for an easy going look and feel. You'll also find novelty pyjamas and star wars onesies for something a little different. While our dressing gowns and bathrobes are ideal for those colder winter months.
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text:
Star Trek Starship and
Technology Database
From:Starfleet Intelligence Central Records Archive (SICRA)
Subject:Compiled Starship and Technology Report
As requested, selected starship and technology intelligence reports transferred from the Central Records Archive located at Starfleet Intelligence headquarters. Per regulations all information in this document is considered classified and is not to be shared with individuals without prior clearance.
You may now use this PADD to review intelligence information obtained from the major powers of the galaxy translated into standard Federation English for your convenience. To review, click the button at the top of your PADD. Further database structure and usage information can be found in the database guide.
Please select the starship intelligence report of your choice. It should be noted that because of the nature of intelligence gathering, only a limited amount of information may have been obtained due to an increase in security or the reassignment or untimely death of one or more undercover agents. However Star Fleet Intelligence is committed to gather the most complete intelligence possible, no matter the cost.


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, 2007-03-12
Mark Rasch discusses the legal issues behind the discovery and recovery of stolen laptops that use LoJack-style homing devices to announce their location, and the location of the thieves, anywhere in the world.
Bad things happen online. Trade secrets are lost or stolen. Personal information is compromised. Copyrights and trademarks are infringed. Bloggers post confidential information, defamatory information, or just annoying information. Websites host stolen credit cards, hacking tools and techniques, or other things that you might not want.
In the course of investigating these things, companies or law enforcement agencies frequently need to rely on information in the hands of third parties. An example of this is the various companies that offer data or computer locator services. A sort of "LoJack(tm) for stolen computers. If a corporate computer is reported lost or stolen, these services use various means to identify the computer, or the data on it. When the target computer is then used - generally to get online - the computer essentially "phones home" with its location.
Here's the problem with this approach. The computer doesn't really give its location. At best, it can reveal the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the network it is on. While this information is helpful to the true owner of the computer, it is not sufficient to locate and/or recover the stolen hardware.
Imagine that your "On-Star(tm)" equipped car is stolen. OnStar is one of the various services that provides motorist assistance, including Global Positioning Satellite location data. If you report the car stolen, they can remotely turn the GPS on, track the car, and even turn the telephone inside the car on and listen into the thieves' conversations. All of this occurs on the network the real owners own and it reveals information about your vehicle. So, no problem, right?
Finding subscriber information
When it comes to network based investigations however, we cannot easily track where the computer went. Once we have the IP address, we would look up the network that was assigned that block of IP addresses. It might be an Internet café in Riga, Latvia, or a giant Internet Service Provider in Dulles, Virginia.
What we really want is subscriber identification information. That is, what subscriber was assigned that particular IP address at that particular instant. Now of course, a lot of this information may be spoofed, and it is usually less than trivial to piggyback on a legitimate network (such as, a hacker using an open or insufficiently secured WiFi network.) Nonetheless, tracking down physical location data or subscriber data from a raw IP addresses is the ultimate goal of the investigator.
This is where technology and the law intersect - and not in a good way for either of them. While you can do a traceroute or a WHOIS search in a couple of seconds, in order to get subscriber data from an ISP requires some form of legal process (usually). ISP privacy policies legitimately protect this data, but they generally contain a provision (and one would be implied by law even if it wasn't in the policy) that the information may be disclosed if there is a "valid legal order."
In the case of law enforcement agencies, there are many legal avenues for obtaining this information from ISP's. First, they can just ask for it - obtain consent. In extreme situations (imminent threat to health and safety) the promise of a later subpoena may be sufficient. In the United States, for example, they can also use various legal processes - a grand jury subpoena, a formal investigative demand, an administrative subpoena, a discovery order, a search warrant, a Title III wiretap order, an order issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Or, as recently revealed in The New York Times, various agencies including the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (and of course the FBI) can issue what is called a National Security Letter (NSL) on their own authority to get this information.
Building a subpoena
There are various levels or proof required to obtain different demands for information. A subpoena generally requires very little level of proof that the information demanded is relevant to whatever you are looking for, or may lead to the discovery of relevant information. Most people think that subpoenas are issued by a court or a judge that you apply for a subpoena to a court, show them that the information is relevant, and then get an order. Not true well, at least not for the most part. In reality, law enforcement (either the cops or the prosecutor) has a desk drawer filled with subpoenas. They just whip em out, type in the name and the information needed, and email or fax em to the ISP. No big deal - takes a couple of seconds and the court is not even notified.
Now technically (at least in the US federal system) all of this is illegal. You see, to issue a subpoena there has to be an investigation authorized by a grand jury: a group of citizens authorized by the court to investigate crimes. The grand jury engages in this charade of authorizing the prosecutor to investigate and issue subpoenas on their behalf - but they usually don't know what is being investigated or how. Moreover, even this bare charade is not followed in most investigations. A prosecutor unknown to the grand jury may be investigating crimes unknown to the grand jury and issuing subpoenas on their behalf without even the pretext of delegated authority. But who can argue with success?


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African pygmies evolved their short stature twice – "In the rainforests of Africa, being small is so helpful that it evolved twice in separate groups. Luis Barreiro of the University of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, and his colleagues identified 16 regions of the genome associated with short stature in the Batwa pygmies of Uganda. They then compared these regions in 169 Batwa and 74 Baka pygmies from West Africa. 'In both groups, there was greater variation in those regions associated with being short, but no overlap between them,' says Barreiro. This suggests they evolved their stature independently instead of inheriting the same 'pygmy genes' from a common ancestor."
The strange history of the North American Arctic – "Archaeologists mapping ancient cultures in the North American Arctic — a region spanning present-day Greenland — have long puzzled over how different cultures relate to one another. Now, an unprecedented large-scale genomics study has traced many such cultures to the Paleo-Eskimos, a people who early inhabited the harsh environment continuously for 4000 years, only to vanish mysteriously about 700 years ago. The discovery could change how scientists understand migration patterns in the North American Arctic…. After comparing the ancient and modern genetic data, the researchers found that the Saqqaq and Dorset cultures belonged to one Paleo-Eskimo people, whose genetic lineage continued in the region for more than 4000 years, from 3000 B.C.E. to 1300 C.E., contradicting previous theories that the diverse cultures came from different peoples. The Paleo-Eskimos are genetically distinct from Native Americans and Inuits, which means they represent a separate, later pulse of migration into the New World, says evolutionary geneticist Eske Willerslev of the University of Copenhagen, a co-author of the study. This contradicts previous theories that humans arrived in the Americas in three waves, painting a scenario of four waves instead — the Amerinds, the Na Dene Native Americans, the Paleo-Eskimos, and the Neo-Eskimo Thules…. What intrigues researchers most is why the Paleo-Eskimo lineage disappeared after the late Dorsets, around the same time that Neo-Eskimo Thules expanded rapidly to the Arctic. Archaeologists have found no evidence of violent conflict between the Thules and the Dorsets, but it would be hard to ignore contrasts between the two groups. The whale-hunting Thules lived in large, well-organized villages and boasted advanced technologies such as dog sleds and sinew-backed bows. The Dorsets, on the other hand, lived in small villages of 20 to 30 people and hunted with chipped stone blades. The researchers suspect that the Dorsets might have been pushed out to the fringes of the Arctic, or perhaps annihilated by a disease. 'It's just mind-blowing to imagine an entire people who just completely vanished,' Willerslev says." — see also Degüello from greg cochran.
Genetic changes transformed wild rabbits into tame bunnies, DNA study reveals – "When humans domesticated wild rabbits and turned them into pet store favorites, they also changed their genome, a study has found…. The domestication of rabbits happened much more recently than that of cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, which happened between about 15,000 and 9,000 years ago. Monks in monasteries in the south of France first domesticated
northwestern europeans rabbits around 1,400 years ago…. [T]he researches report in the journal Science, small pre-existing genetic variations — sometimes just one letter of DNA code — started to become more common in the animals as they became domesticated. These variations generally didn't affect the genes themselves, but rather acted on the genome's regulatory regions, which are in control of whether genes are turned on or off. 'Wild and domestic rabbits do not differ so much in actual protein sequences, but in how gene and protein expression is regulated,' says Andersson. Among the genes particularly targeted during domestication were those involved in rabbits' brains and nervous systems. That's to be expected, Andersson says, because the differences between domestic and wild rabbits are almost all behavioral, while physical differences are slight…. Domestication of rabbits was made easier because the wild variety is a highly polymorphic species that already possesses many of gene variants selectively enhanced during domestication, the researchers say. That is likely to have been the case with most domesticated species, they say. 'We predict that a similar process has occurred in other domestic animals and that we will not find a few specific genes that were critical for domestication,' Andersson says." — see also: Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basis for phenotypic change during domestication.
Comparative population genomics in animals uncovers the determinants of genetic diversity – h/t lars penke! who tweeted: "Across species, higher genetic diversity is not predicted by ecology, but by faster life history."
Genome-wide genotype and sequence-based reconstruction of the 140,000 year history of modern human ancestry — "We investigated ancestry of 3,528 modern humans from 163 samples. We identified 19 ancestral components, with 94.4% of individuals showing mixed ancestry. After using whole genome sequences to correct for ascertainment biases in genome-wide genotype data, we dated the oldest divergence event to 140,000 years ago. We detected an Out-of-Africa migration 100,000–87,000 years ago, leading to peoples of the Americas, east and north Asia, and Oceania, followed by another migration 61,000–44,000 years ago, leading to peoples of the Caucasus, Europe, the Middle East, and south Asia. We dated eight divergence events to 33,000–20,000 years ago, coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum. We refined understanding of the ancestry of several ethno-linguistic groups, including African Americans, Ethiopians, the Kalash, Latin Americans, Mozabites, Pygmies, and Uygurs, as well as the CEU sample. Ubiquity of mixed ancestry emphasizes the importance of accounting for ancestry in history, forensics, and health." — don't miss figure 2!
Seals May Have Carried Tuberculosis To The New World — thousand-year-old skeletons from peru suggest seals brought tuberculosis to americas.
Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers – "This observation suggests that the main patrilineal expansion in China occurred in the Neolithic Era and might be related to the development of agriculture."
Blue Eyes Are More Common Than Any Other Colour in Britain – "The Blue Eyes Project has found that although all eyes in Britain were once brown, they are now 48% blue, 30% green and just 22% brown…. The study mapped eye colour across the UK and Ireland and found that Scottish and Irish people are more likely to have blue eyes than in other parts of the UK, particularly the south. Just over a third (35%) of the population of south-west England and 41% in east England have blue eyes, compared to 57% in southeast Scotland…. Blue eyes are the result of a variant in the HERC2 gene, which, when it mutates, switches off the supply of brown-eye forming melanin, researchers say. Green eyes are also a result of this change, because they arise from a combination of the blue variant with brown. The first gene mutation resulting in blue eyes is understood to have occurred in the Baltic region around 10,000 years ago."
Neanderthals in Europe Died Out Thousands of Years Sooner Than Some Thought, Study Says
The Other Neanderthal – h/t billare! who tweeted: "'Denisovans are an example of…how mitochondrial DNA [misleads], & only the nuclear genome tells the full story.'"
Admixture in South African Afrikaners — from razib.
Finland's love of milk dates back to the Stone Age – "A combined team from the Universities of Bristol (England) and Helsinki (Finland) have been examining examples of Corded Ware pottery found in the northern parts of Finland. The pieces examined were cooking pots dated at 3,900 to 3,300 BCE and also approx. 2,500 BCE. Astonishingly the pots from 2,500 BCE contained traces of milk fats. This proved that the inhabitants at that time, despite a climate where it can snow for up to four months of the year, had domesticated animals."
Holding a Mirror to Their Natures – "[U]nrelated look-alikes showed little similarity in either personality or self-esteem. By contrast, twins — especially identical twins — score similarly on both scales, suggesting that the likeness is largely because of genetics…. Personality traits do not appear to be influenced by the way people are treated because of appearance. Moreover, they found, there appears to be no special bond between look-alikes. Helen Fisher, a biological anthropologist at Rutgers University who is also an identical twin, praised that study, saying it went to the heart of what makes people form a bond. 'Even in cases where a person is a dead ringer for another, the natural pull is not there,' Dr. Fisher said, 'which builds the case that there is an underlying biology to kinship.'" — h/t steve stewart williams!
On the genetic architecture of intelligence and other quantitative traits — from steve hsu. h/t richard harper! who tweeted: "cognitive ability gene search requires sample sizes of 10,000 genes across a million persons."
Genes Influence Young Children's Human Figure Drawings and Their Association With Intelligence a Decade Later – "Do genes influence individual differences in this species-typical behavior, and is drawing related to intelligence (g) in modern children? We report on the first genetically informative study of children's figure drawing. In a study of 7,752 pairs of twins, we found that genetic differences exert a greater influence on children's figure drawing at age 4 than do between-family environmental differences. Figure drawing was as heritable as g at age 4 (heritability of .29 for both). Drawing scores at age 4 correlated significantly with g at age 4 (r = .33, p < .001, n = 14,050) and with g at age 14 (r = .20, p < .001, n = 4,622). The genetic correlation between drawing at age 4 and g at age 14 was .52, 95% confidence interval = [.31, .75]. Individual differences in this widespread behavior have an important genetic component and a significant genetic link with g." – h/t rosalind arden!
Differences in intelligence between ethnic minorities and Han in China
The Canadian IQ calculated from the standardization of the WAIS IV eh? — h/t emil kirkegaard (no relation)!
Genome-wide screening for DNA variants associated with reading and language traits
Differences in cognitive abilities among primates are concentrated on G: Phenotypic and phylogenetic comparisons with two meta-analytical databases – "Using meta-analytic databases of ethological observations of cognitive abilities involving 69 primate species, we found that cognitive abilities that load more strongly on a common factor (which is here termed G, in line with the terminology developed in previous literature to describe aggregated measures of general intelligence) are associated with significantly bigger interspecies differences and bigger interspecies variance. Additionally, two novel evolutionary predictions were made: more G-loaded abilities would present (1) weaker phylogenetic signals, indicating less phylogenetic conservativeness, and (2) faster rates of trait evolution, as it was hypothesized that G has been subjected to stronger selection pressures than narrower, more domain-specific abilities. These predictions were corroborated with phylogenetic comparative methods, with stronger effects among catarrhines (apes and Old World monkeys) than within the entire primate order. These data strongly suggest that G is the principal locus of selection in the macroevolution of primate intelligence. Implications for the understanding of population differences in cognitive abilities among human populations and for the theory of massive modularity applied to intelligence are discussed." – h/t erwin schmidt!
The Flynn Effect: A Meta-Analysis [pdf] – h/t jelte wicherts! who tweeted: "IQ [continues] to go up with 3 points per decade. New meta-analysis shows no evidence of diminishing Flynn Effect."
The Elusive X-Factor, or Why Jonathan Kaplan Is Wrong about Race and IQ – @humanvarieties.
Coevolution of languages and genes – "[E]volutionary processes are more complex than simple models of gene-language coevolution predict, with linguistic boundaries only occasionally functioning as barriers to gene flow. More frequently, admixture takes place irrespective of linguistic differences, but with a detectable impact of contact-induced changes in the languages concerned." – h/t jayman!
Does Natural Law exist? – "While certain notions of right and wrong can apply to all humans, much of what we call 'morality' will always be population-dependent. What is moral in one population may not be in another." – from peter frost.
Morality: The Amazing Side-Taking Machine – "If there are so many evolutionary pathways to nice behaviors, and if many animals are cooperative, including bees, bats, hyenas, and monkeys, then perhaps the elaborate paraphernalia of human morality — explicit rules of behavior, moral taboos, moral debates, accusations, impartiality, punishments — are not needed to make people nice. Right? This is exactly what psychological research indicates. Developmental evidence shows that children are nice to people before acquiring adult-like moral judgment. Moreover, when children develop moral judgment, it does not prevent them from taking actions they judge wrong such as lying or stealing. In adults, research shows that moral judgments differ from and can even oppose altruistic motives. Research on hypocrisy shows that people are mostly motivated to appear moral rather than to actually abide by their moral judgments. Research on 'motivated reasoning' shows that people deviously craft moral justifications to push their own agendas. In short, people can be nice without morality and nasty with morality — altruism and morality are independent. In fact, humans are more eager to judge other people than to follow their own moral advice. Moral condemnation of other people's behavior is distinctly, perhaps uniquely, human. So, what is the evolutionary function of condemnation…? People can use moral judgment to assess the wrongness of fighters' actions and then choose sides against whoever was most immoral. When all bystanders use this strategy, they all take the same side and avoid the costs of escalated fighting. That is, moral condemnation functions to synchronize people's side-taking decisions. This moral strategy is, of course, mostly unconscious just like other evolved programs for vision, movement, language, and so on."
The roots of human altruism – "[T]he willingness to provision others varies greatly from one primate species to the next. But there was a clear pattern, as summarized by Burkart: 'Humans and callitrichid monkeys acted highly altruistically and almost always produced the treats for the other group members. Chimpanzees, one of our closest relatives, however, only did so sporadically.' Similarly, most other primate species, including capuchins and macaques, only rarely pulled the lever to give another group member food, if at all – even though they have considerable cognitive skills. Until now, many researchers assumed that spontaneous altruistic behavior in primates could be attributed to factors they would share with humans: advanced cognitive skills, large brains, high social tolerance, collective foraging or the presence of pair bonds or other strong social bonds. As Burkart's new data now reveal, however, none of these factors reliably predicts whether a primate species will be spontaneously altruistic or not. Instead, another factor that sets us humans apart from the great apes appears to be responsible. Says Burkart: 'Spontaneous, altruistic behavior is exclusively found among species where the young are not only cared for by the mother, but also other group members such as siblings, fathers, grandmothers, aunts and uncles.' This behavior is referred to technically as the 'cooperative breeding' or 'allomaternal care.'"
Feminist activist women are masculinized in terms of digit-ratio and dominance: A possible explanation for the feminist paradox – "The feminist movement purports to improve conditions for women, and yet only a minority of women in modern societies self-identify as feminists. This is known as the feminist paradox…. We measured the 2D:4D digit ratios (collected from both hands) and a personality trait known as dominance (measured with the Directiveness scale) in a sample of women attending a feminist conference. The sample exhibited significantly more masculine 2D:4D and higher dominance ratings than comparison samples representative of women in general, and these variables were furthermore positively correlated for both hands. The feminist paradox might thus to some extent be explained by biological differences between women in general and the activist women who formulate the feminist agenda."
Global genetic variations predict brain response to faces – "[A] significant proportion of the brain response to facial expressions is predicted by common genetic variance in a subset of regions constituting the face network. These regions show the highest inter-individual variability in the number of connections with other network nodes, suggesting that the genetic model captures variations across the adolescent brains in co-opting these regions into the face network." – h/t razib!
Brain, behavior and genetics – "Regardless of where the science now lies, we know that biology controls behavior. Our actions and thoughts aren't magic, they rely on the biochemistry of neurotransmitters and nerve signals. They have physical substrates that are controlled by our genes…."
The impact of neighbourhood deprivation on adolescent violent criminality and substance misuse: A longitudinal, quasi-experimental study of the total Swedish population — "We found that the adverse effect of neighbourhood deprivation on adolescent violent criminality and substance misuse in Sweden was not consistent with a causal inference." — see also Depraved on account of being deprived? from dr. james thompson.
Does Urban Living Cause Mental Illness? – h/t jayman! who tweeted: "Interview w/ @AmirSariaslan, on his work showing that adverse environments don't cause schizophrenia, & killing GxE."
Daughters provide as much elderly parent care as they can, sons do as little as possible — h/t frau katze!
Honor: The Cause of — and Solution to — All of Society's Problems – "Centuries-old cultural norms don't change overnight…." — gee, i wonder why? (where does culture come from?)
Social sciences suffer from severe publication bias – "Survey finds that 'null results' rarely see the light of the day." – h/t claire lehmann!
Haidt: "Political Diversity Will Improve Social Psychological Science" – from steve sailer.
How Do Liberal and Conservative Attitudes About Obedience to Authority Differ? The Surprising Result of My Study — "Together with my collaborators Dr. Danielle Gaucher and Nicola Schaefer, we asked both red and blue Americans to share their views about obeying liberal authorities (e.g., 'obey an environmentalist'). In an article that we recent published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, we found that liberals were now the ones calling for obedience. And when the authorities were viewed as ideologically neutral (e.g., office manager), liberals and conservatives agreed. Only when people perceived the authority to be conservative (e.g., religious authority) did conservatives show a positive bias."
The Kennewick Man Finally Freed to Share His Secrets
Measuring Inbreeding in the Greek Gods — "it seems that Ares has an inbreeding coefficient of 37.5%. This is due to the fact that his parents—Zeus and Hera—are siblings, as well as his grandparents with each other. Zeus has an inbreeding coefficient of 25%." — (^_^)
bonus: Walking fish raised on land mimic ancient evolutionary transition
bonus bonus: Why are all our wagtails vanishing? Scientists baffled by long-term decline of three species in Britain – "The three wagtail species spotted on our shores are the Yellow Wagtail, a farmland bird that migrates to sub-Saharan Africa, and two which largely remain in the UK over the winter, the Grey Wagtail, a river specialist, and the familiar Pied Wagtail. Researchers said the races of both Pied and Yellow Wagtail breeding in the UK nest almost nowhere else in the world…. Sarah Harris, BBS Organiser at the British Trust for Ornithology, said: 'I find it fascinating that three seemingly similar birds, the Yellow, Grey and Pied Wagtail can lead such different lives and face such a variety of challenges. With the UK races of two of these species – Pied and Yellow Wagtails – being largely confined to our islands, these population changes are of global conservation significance….'" – ornithologists are soooo waaaaycist! they make me sick! (~_^)
(note: comments do not require an email. biophobia. (~_^) )


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Should Making A Threat On Facebook Be A Crime?
from the determining-real-vs.-fake deptThere have been a few instances lately of various mass killings around the world (though certainly not all of them) where those responsible have either left strong hints via their online presence, or have even been pretty direct about their intentions. Of course, at the same time, you have stories like Paul Chambers', where a joke was over-inflated by some law enforcement officials to pretend that it was a threat. Ditto the story of Joe Lipari, who quoted a line from Fight Club on Facebook, and got arrested for his trouble.
So, I find it somewhat troubling that police in Canada seem to think that any threat online or off is a criminal offense. There's been an increase in people charged in Canada for merely making a threat, and some are reasonably concerned that many of those threats are idle chatter on social networks. The article seems to think that there's no good way of dealing with this other than to change the law so that online threats are treated differently than offline threats:
Section 264.1 of the Criminal Code says a person who knowingly utters, conveys or causes another person to receive a threat of death or bodily harm can receive a prison term of up to five years. A person who threatens to damage property, or kill or injure an animal, can receive a prison sentence of up to two years.Of course, rather than separating out online and in-person speech, what's wrong with just looking at the details of the situation, and making a reasonable assessment as to whether the threat is legitimate or just someone saying something stupid? In the cases of Chambers and Lipari above, law enforcement should have quickly realized that neither individual was likely to do anything violent. But if someone is legitimately planning to shoot at a group of people and talking about it online, it seems that, at the very least, that could be worth investigating. The problem is criminalizing the statement, rather than using it as evidence to see if there's actually any real intent to follow through.
Cpl. De Jong said under the Criminal Code "a threat is a threat is a threat," regardless of how it's made.
But Bentley Doyle, of the Trial Lawyers Association of B.C., said some sort of distinction should be drawn between online threats and those made in person.
"The more specific you get, the easier it is to actually follow through and charge somebody specifically," he said.
Filed Under: social media, threats


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What I am trying to relate, bottom line, is that what you get, WU-wise, is a crap shoot. The AS does not appear to be using the argument list provided to make an assignment decision
AFTER modifying my argument list to exclude -smp and -advmethods
Is anyone else able to grab A3s using this installer? I don't understand why I keep getting A1s everywhere...
AlanH wrote:Is anyone else able to grab A3s using this installer? I don't understand why I keep getting A1s everywhere...
As stated above, I'm getting only a3 units using the installer version, since I added -advmethods -verbosity 9 -smp in System Prefs->Flding@Home->Advanced->Extra Parameters. Also as stated above, I've seen several early failures at 0% to 3%, error message: "mdrun returned 255". However, I have now folded two complete units and 80% of the current unit since setting these flags. Before I did that I was only seeing a1 units with this version.
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