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An overview of Indian mathematics
|Ancient Indian Mathematics index
|History Topics Index
It is without doubt that mathematics today owes a huge debt to the outstanding contributions made by Indian mathematicians over many hundreds of years. What is quite surprising is that there has been a reluctance to recognise this and one has to conclude that many famous historians of mathematics found what they expected to find, or perhaps even what they hoped to find, rather than to realise what was so clear in front of them.
We shall examine the contributions of Indian mathematics in this article, but before looking at this contribution in more detail we should say clearly that the "huge debt" is the beautiful number system invented by the Indians on which much of mathematical development has rested. Laplace put this with great clarity:-
The ingenious method of expressing every possible number using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic foremost amongst useful inventions. the importance of this invention is more readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest men of Antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius.We shall look briefly at the Indian development of the place-value decimal system of numbers later in this article and in somewhat more detail in the separate article Indian numerals. First, however, we go back to the first evidence of mathematics developing in India.
Histories of Indian mathematics used to begin by describing the geometry contained in the Sulbasutras but research into the history of Indian mathematics has shown that the essentials of this geometry were older being contained in the altar constructions described in the Vedic mythology text the Shatapatha Brahmana and the Taittiriya Samhita. Also it has been shown that the study of mathematical astronomy in India goes back to at least the third millennium BC and mathematics and geometry must have existed to support this study in these ancient times.
The first mathematics which we shall describe in this article developed in the Indus valley. The earliest known urban Indian culture was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab and then, one year later, at Mohenjo-daro, near the Indus River in the Sindh. Both these sites are now in Pakistan but this is still covered by our term "Indian mathematics" which, in this article, refers to mathematics developed in the Indian subcontinent. The Indus civilisation (or Harappan civilisation as it is sometimes known) was based in these two cities and also in over a hundred small towns and villages. It was a civilisation which began around 2500 BC and survived until 1700 BC or later. The people were literate and used a written script containing around 500 characters which some have claimed to have deciphered but, being far from clear that this is the case, much research remains to be done before a full appreciation of the mathematical achievements of this ancient civilisation can be fully assessed.
We often think of Egyptians and Babylonians as being the height of civilisation and of mathematical skills around the period of the Indus civilisation, yet V G Childe in New Light on the Most Ancient East (1952) wrote:-
India confronts Egypt and Babylonia by the 3rd millennium with a thoroughly individual and independent civilisation of her own, technically the peer of the rest. And plainly it is deeply rooted in Indian soil. The Indus civilisation represents a very perfect adjustment of human life to a specific environment. And it has endured; it is already specifically Indian and forms the basis of modern Indian culture.We do know that the Harappans had adopted a uniform system of weights and measures. An analysis of the weights discovered suggests that they belong to two series both being decimal in nature with each decimal number multiplied and divided by two, giving for the main series ratios of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500. Several scales for the measurement of length were also discovered during excavations. One was a decimal scale based on a unit of measurement of 1.32 inches (3.35 centimetres) which has been called the "Indus inch". Of course ten units is then 13.2 inches which is quite believable as the measure of a "foot". A similar measure based on the length of a foot is present in other parts of Asia and beyond. Another scale was discovered when a bronze rod was found which was marked in lengths of 0.367 inches. It is certainly surprising the accuracy with which these scales are marked. Now 100 units of this measure is 36.7 inches which is the measure of a stride. Measurements of the ruins of the buildings which have been excavated show that these units of length were accurately used by the Harappans in construction.
It is unclear exactly what caused the decline in the Harappan civilisation. Historians have suggested four possible causes: a change in climatic patterns and a consequent agricultural crisis; a climatic disaster such flooding or severe drought; disease spread by epidemic; or the invasion of Indo-Aryans peoples from the north. The favourite theory used to be the last of the four, but recent opinions favour one of the first three. What is certainly true is that eventually the Indo-Aryans peoples from the north did spread over the region. This brings us to the earliest literary record of Indian culture, the Vedas which were composed in Vedic Sanskrit, between 1500 BC and 800 BC. At first these texts, consisting of hymns, spells, and ritual observations, were transmitted orally. Later the texts became written works for use of those practicing the Vedic religion.
The next mathematics of importance on the Indian subcontinent was associated with these religious texts. It consisted of the Sulbasutras which were appendices to the Vedas giving rules for constructing altars. They contained quite an amount of geometrical knowledge, but the mathematics was being developed, not for its own sake, but purely for practical religious purposes. The mathematics contained in the these texts is studied in some detail in the separate article on the Sulbasutras.
The main Sulbasutras were composed by Baudhayana (about 800 BC), Manava (about 750 BC), Apastamba (about 600 BC), and Katyayana (about 200 BC). These men were both priests and scholars but they were not mathematicians in the modern sense. Although we have no information on these men other than the texts they wrote, we have included them in our biographies of mathematicians. There is another scholar, who again was not a mathematician in the usual sense, who lived around this period. That was Panini who achieved remarkable results in his studies of Sanskrit grammar. Now one might reasonably ask what Sanskrit grammar has to do with mathematics. It certainly has something to do with modern theoretical computer science, for a mathematician or computer scientist working with formal language theory will recognise just how modern some of Panini's ideas are.
Before the end of the period of the Sulbasutras, around the middle of the third century BC, the Brahmi numerals had begun to appear.
Here is one style of the Brahmi numerals:
These are the earliest numerals which, after a multitude of changes, eventually developed into the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 used today. The development of numerals and place-valued number systems are studied in the article Indian numerals.
The Vedic religion with its sacrificial rites began to wane and other religions began to replace it. One of these was Jainism, a religion and philosophy which was founded in India around the 6th century BC. Although the period after the decline of the Vedic religion up to the time of Aryabhata I around 500 AD used to be considered as a dark period in Indian mathematics, recently it has been recognised as a time when many mathematical ideas were considered. In fact Aryabhata is now thought of as summarising the mathematical developments of the Jaina as well as beginning the next phase.
The main topics of Jaina mathematics in around 150 BC were: the theory of numbers, arithmetical operations, geometry, operations with fractions, simple equations, cubic equations, quartic equations, and permutations and combinations. More surprisingly the Jaina developed a theory of the infinite containing different levels of infinity, a primitive understanding of indices, and some notion of logarithms to base 2. One of the difficult problems facing historians of mathematics is deciding on the date of the Bakhshali manuscript. If this is a work which is indeed from 400 AD, or at any rate a copy of a work which was originally written at this time, then our understanding of the achievements of Jaina mathematics will be greatly enhanced. While there is so much uncertainty over the date, a topic discussed fully in our article on the Bakhshali manuscript, then we should avoid rewriting the history of the Jaina period in the light of the mathematics contained in this remarkable document.
You can see a separate article about Jaina mathematics at THIS LINK.
If the Vedic religion gave rise to a study of mathematics for constructing sacrificial altars, then it was Jaina cosmology which led to ideas of the infinite in Jaina mathematics. Later mathematical advances were often driven by the study of astronomy. Well perhaps it would be more accurate to say that astrology formed the driving force since it was that "science" which required accurate information about the planets and other heavenly bodies and so encouraged the development of mathematics. Religion too played a major role in astronomical investigations in India for accurate calendars had to be prepared to allow religious observances to occur at the correct times. Mathematics then was still an applied science in India for many centuries with mathematicians developing methods to solve practical problems.
Yavanesvara, in the second century AD, played an important role in popularising astrology when he translated a Greek astrology text dating from 120 BC. If he had made a literal translation it is doubtful whether it would have been of interest to more than a few academically minded people. He popularised the text, however, by resetting the whole work into Indian culture using Hindu images with the Indian caste system integrated into his text.
By about 500 AD the classical era of Indian mathematics began with the work of Aryabhata. His work was both a summary of Jaina mathematics and the beginning of new era for astronomy and mathematics. His ideas of astronomy were truly remarkable. He replaced the two demons Rahu, the Dhruva Rahu which causes the phases of the Moon and the Parva Rahu which causes an eclipse by covering the Moon or Sun or their light, with a modern theory of eclipses. He introduced trigonometry in order to make his astronomical calculations, based on the Greek epicycle theory, and he solved with integer solutions indeterminate equations which arose in astronomical theories.
Aryabhata headed a research centre for mathematics and astronomy at Kusumapura in the northeast of the Indian subcontinent. There a school studying his ideas grew up there but more than that, Aryabhata set the agenda for mathematical and astronomical research in India for many centuries to come. Another mathematical and astronomical centre was at Ujjain, also in the north of the Indian subcontinent, which grew up around the same time as Kusumapura. The most important of the mathematicians at this second centre was Varahamihira who also made important contributions to astronomy and trigonometry.
The main ideas of Jaina mathematics, particularly those relating to its cosmology with its passion for large finite numbers and infinite numbers, continued to flourish with scholars such as Yativrsabha. He was a contemporary of Varahamihira and of the slightly older Aryabhata. We should also note that the two schools at Kusumapura and Ujjain were involved in the continuing developments of the numerals and of place-valued number systems. The next figure of major importance at the Ujjain school was Brahmagupta near the beginning of the seventh century AD and he would make one of the most major contributions to the development of the numbers systems with his remarkable contributions on negative numbers and zero. It is a sobering thought that eight hundred years later European mathematics would be struggling to cope without the use of negative numbers and of zero.
These were certainly not Brahmagupta's only contributions to mathematics. Far from it for he made other major contributions in to the understanding of integer solutions to indeterminate equations and to interpolation formulas invented to aid the computation of sine tables.
The way that the contributions of these mathematicians were prompted by a study of methods in spherical astronomy is described in [25]:-
The Hindu astronomers did not possess a general method for solving problems in spherical astronomy, unlike the Greeks who systematically followed the method of Ptolemy, based on the well-known theorem of Menelaus. But, by means of suitable constructions within the armillary sphere, they were able to reduce many of their problems to comparison of similar right-angled plane triangles. In addition to this device, they sometimes also used the theory of quadratic equations, or applied the method of successive approximations. ... Of the methods taught by Aryabhata and demonstrated by his scholiast Bhaskara I, some are based on comparison of similar right-angled plane triangles, and others are derived from inference. Brahmagupta is probably the earliest astronomer to have employed the theory of quadratic equations and the method of successive approximations to solving problems in spherical astronomy.Before continuing to describe the developments through the classical period we should explain the mechanisms which allowed mathematics to flourish in India during these centuries. The educational system in India at this time did not allow talented people with ability to receive training in mathematics or astronomy. Rather the whole educational system was family based. There were a number of families who carried the traditions of astrology, astronomy and mathematics forward by educating each new generation of the family in the skills which had been developed. We should also note that astronomy and mathematics developed on their own, separate for the development of other areas of knowledge.
Now a "mathematical family" would have a library which contained the writing of the previous generations. These writings would most likely be commentaries on earlier works such as the Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata. Many of the commentaries would be commentaries on commentaries on commentaries etc. Mathematicians often wrote commentaries on their own work. They would not be aiming to provide texts to be used in educating people outside the family, nor would they be looking for innovative ideas in astronomy. Again religion was the key, for astronomy was considered to be of divine origin and each family would remain faithful to the revelations of the subject as presented by their gods. To seek fundamental changes would be unthinkable for in asking others to accept such changes would be essentially asking them to change religious belief. Nor do these men appear to have made astronomical observations in any systematic way. Some of the texts do claim that the computed data presented in them is in better agreement with observation than that of their predecessors but, despite this, there does not seem to have been a major observational programme set up. Paramesvara in the late fourteenth century appears to be one of the first Indian mathematicians to make systematic observations over many years.
Mathematics however was in a different position. It was only a tool used for making astronomical calculations. If one could produce innovative mathematical ideas then one could exhibit the truths of astronomy more easily. The mathematics therefore had to lead to the same answers as had been reached before but it was certainly good if it could achieve these more easily or with greater clarity. This meant that despite mathematics only being used as a computational tool for astronomy, the brilliant Indian scholars were encouraged by their culture to put their genius into advances in this topic.
A contemporary of Brahmagupta who headed the research centre at Ujjain was Bhaskara I who led the Asmaka school. This school would have the study of the works of Aryabhata as their main concern and certainly Bhaskara was commentator on the mathematics of Aryabhata. More than 100 years after Bhaskara lived the astronomer Lalla, another commentator on Aryabhata.
The ninth century saw mathematical progress with scholars such as Govindasvami, Mahavira, Prthudakasvami, Sankara, and Sridhara. Some of these such as Govindasvami and Sankara were commentators on the text of Bhaskara I while Mahavira was famed for his updating of Brahmagupta's book. This period saw developments in sine tables, solving equations, algebraic notation, quadratics, indeterminate equations, and improvements to the number systems. The agenda was still basically that set by Aryabhata and the topics being developed those in his work.
The main mathematicians of the tenth century in India were Aryabhata II and Vijayanandi, both adding to the understanding of sine tables and trigonometry to support their astronomical calculations. In the eleventh century Sripati and Brahmadeva were major figures but perhaps the most outstanding of all was Bhaskara II in the twelfth century. He worked on algebra, number systems, and astronomy. He wrote beautiful texts illustrated with mathematical problems, some of which we present in his biography, and he provided the best summary of the mathematics and astronomy of the classical period.
Bhaskara II may be considered the high point of Indian mathematics but at one time this was all that was known [26]:-
For a long time Western scholars thought that Indians had not done any original work till the time of Bhaskara II. This is far from the truth. Nor has the growth of Indian mathematics stopped with Bhaskara II. Quite a few results of Indian mathematicians have been rediscovered by Europeans. For instance, the development of number theory, the theory of indeterminates infinite series expressions for sine, cosine and tangent, computational mathematics, etc.Following Bhaskara II there was over 200 years before any other major contributions to mathematics were made on the Indian subcontinent. In fact for a long time it was thought that Bhaskara II represented the end of mathematical developments in the Indian subcontinent until modern times. However in the second half of the fourteenth century Mahendra Suri wrote the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe and Narayana wrote an important commentary on Bhaskara II, making important contributions to algebra and magic squares. The most remarkable contribution from this period, however, was by Madhava who invented Taylor series and rigorous mathematical analysis in some inspired contributions. Madhava was from Kerala and his work there inspired a school of followers such as Nilakantha and Jyesthadeva.
Some of the remarkable discoveries of the Kerala mathematicians are described in [26]. These include: a formula for the ecliptic; the Newton-Gauss interpolation formula; the formula for the sum of an infinite series; Lhuilier's formula for the circumradius of a cyclic quadrilateral. Of particular interest is the approximation to the value of π which was the first to be made using a series. Madhava's result which gave a series for π, translated into the language of modern mathematics, reads
π R = 4R - 4R/3 + 4R/5 - ...This formula, as well as several others referred to above, were rediscovered by European mathematicians several centuries later. Madhava also gave other formulae for π, one of which leads to the approximation 3.14159265359.
The first person in modern times to realise that the mathematicians of Kerala had anticipated some of the results of the Europeans on the calculus by nearly 300 years was Charles Whish in 1835. Whish's publication in the Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was essentially unnoticed by historians of mathematics. Only 100 years later in the 1940s did historians of mathematics look in detail at the works of Kerala's mathematicians and find that the remarkable claims made by Whish were essentially true. See for example [15]. Indeed the Kerala mathematicians had, as Whish wrote:-
... laid the foundation for a complete system of fluxions ...and these works:-
... abound with fluxional forms and series to be found in no work of foreign countries.There were other major advances in Kerala at around this time. Citrabhanu was a sixteenth century mathematicians from Kerala who gave integer solutions to twenty-one types of systems of two algebraic equations. These types are all the possible pairs of equations of the following seven forms:
x + y = a, x - y = b, xy = c, x2 + y2 = d, x2 - y2 = e, x3 + y3 = f, and x3 - y3 = g.For each case, Citrabhanu gave an explanation and justification of his rule as well as an example. Some of his explanations are algebraic, while others are geometric. See [12] for more details.
Now we have presented the latter part of the history of Indian mathematics in an unlikely way. That there would be essentially no progress between the contributions of Bhaskara II and the innovations of Madhava, who was far more innovative than any other Indian mathematician producing a totally new perspective on mathematics, seems unlikely. Much more likely is that we are unaware of the contributions made over this 200 year period which must have provided the foundations on which Madhava built his theories.
Our understanding of the contributions of Indian mathematicians has changed markedly over the last few decades. Much more work needs to be done to further our understanding of the contributions of mathematicians whose work has sadly been lost, or perhaps even worse, been ignored. Indeed work is now being undertaken and we should soon have a better understanding of this important part of the history of mathematics.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


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subset: commoncrawl


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Mini Tote Bag
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text:
I commend to you a new book from Hendrickson:
Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries (eds. O. Skarsaune & R. Hvalvik).
I just obtained a copy yesterday and it looks fantastic. I remember it was coming down the pipeline when I was working at Hendrickson and they did an excellent job.
The list of contributors is impressive: James Carleton Paget, RIchard Bauckham, DonaldHagner, Craig Evans, Graham Stanton, Oskar Skarsaune, Reider Hvalvik, Philip Alexander, James Strange.On their website HP offers a sample chapter on pdf.
Probably one of the most attractive and unique features is that a large portion of the book looks at Greek and Latin fathers, though the NT interaction is certainly more than perfunctory.
As some of you students and scholars interact with this text, let me know by comments or email and I will try and pass some of them on to HP – they always like to know the reception of their books (firstname.lastname@example.com)


text:
August trades for rotation help are hard to come by
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That's "really hard," Angels general manager Jerry Dipoto said.
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Tyler Skaggs is currently sidelined for an indefinite amount of time because of a flexor strain in his left forearm and C.J. Wilson entered Thursday's game with a 12.50 ERA in his last five starts. That leaves their rotation quite vulnerable, with Hector Santiago and Matt Shoemaker being counted on to step up in support of Jered Weaver and Garrett Richards, and not much of a safety net in their Minor League system.
Dipoto pointed out that left-hander Wade LeBlanc, reacquired on June 17, has been pitching well at Triple-A Salt Lake, with a 2.52 ERA in his last six starts. Chris Volstad is also there, with a 5.18 ERA in four starts. But the Angels -- with money left in their budget -- will continue to monitor the waiver wire in hopes of landing additional starting-pitching depth.
"Unfortunately, we don't have the household name sitting in the 7 hole right now," Dipoto said. "I don't know that anyone really does. That's what August waivers are for. That's what our Minor League system is for."


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It Is All About BTC, LTC, ETH, ZEC mining as well as other alternative crypto currencies
The main Decred (DCR) staking pool hasn't been accepting new registrations for quite a while, but now more staking pools are expected to soon be available. The first from the new wave of DCR staking pools is from Stakeminer that is already running on the mainnet with a few more still on the testnet that should soon also become available of the main Decred network. The Decred Stake Pool from Stakeminer is currently running up with a 7.5% fee, but it will probably get lower once more pools are available and DCR holders have more options for staking without having to run their wallet 24/7 locally. So you can check out the new Decred staking pool that is taking new registrations now and stay tuned for more pools that should be coming online pretty soon.
Update: There are now two more DCR staking pools online now, http://stakepool.eu and https://dcr.stakepool.net both running with a
7% 5% fee. There is also yet another staking pool available now also with the lower 5% fee – http://pool.d3c.red and now there is yet another one online with 5% fee – https://stakepool.dcrstats.com.
– To check out the newly launched Decred (DCR) staking pool from stakeminer…
We have mentioned when the test stake pool for Decred (DCR) was released about two weeks ago and now the development team has announced that the staking pool is live on the mainnet. The stake pool allows you to purchase tickets and have the pool redeem and vote on your behalf without having to send actual coins to the pool or having your local wallet online and unlocked 24/7 for the Decred staking. Do note though that in both cases your staking coins used for ticket purchase remain locked. The development team also promises that the source code of the staking pool will be released to the public in a week from now, meaning that we are probably going to see some more alternative Decred staking pools becoming available soon after that.
Staking in Decred works in a similar way to a lottery, you purchase tickets with the available DCR coins you have or the amount you want to use. Ticket price started at 2 DCR and it changes based on users staking, though it is currently pretty high priced at about 14 DCR, so you might want to carefully choose the timing when to purchase tickets. Then you need wait for your ticket to be randomly chosen to validate a block or to be taken out of the lottery in 142 days if you do not win anything. The coins you use for staking (purchasing tickets for the lottery) will be locked until they are either chosen and you get your staking reward or 142 days pass . According to the information available the lottery lasts about 28 days average and the chance of a ticket not being selected in 142 days are less than 1%, but since it is all luck based your results may vary.
Do note that the staking pool is just making it easy for you to participate in the PoS phase of Decred mining, the staking rewards in the pool remain personal, so every participant is staking just like he would using a local wallet (you still need to have a local wallet to authorize the pool to vote and stake on your behalf). We are yet to see Decred staking pool becoming available where participants will play to win together and the rewards will be shared equally between all participants, so this will probably be the next step in DCR pool staking that we might be seeing further down the road.
– For more information and to try the official Decred Stake Pool now running on the main network…
The Decred (DCR) altcoin that has been generatijng a lot of attention lately is essentially a PoW + PoS crypto coin, however before the block 4096 it is going to be in Proof or Work mode and after that you would be able not only to mine, but also to Stake the coins you own in order to earn more DCR. The Decred block reward is divided in three parts: 60% for a mining, 30% for staking and 10% for the developers with a starting block reward of 31.19582664 DCR coins. This means that the PoW reward for a block is currently about 18.72 DCR, the total PoS rewards is going to be about 9.36 DCR (it could be divided in multiple parts) and the remaining about 3.12 DCR goes to the developers. Furthermore the per-block reward adjusts every 6144 blocks (approximately 21.33 days) by reducing by a factor of 100/101 or with other words ((31.19582664 * 100) / 101) for the first halving.
Since in a couple of hours we are going to reach the 4096 block and the PoS phase will also become active you could start staking any mined DCR coins that you have available in your wallet. Decred staking is a bit different than what most other coins use as a method for PoS and the fact that there is still no official GUI wallet and you need to use the command line wallet to activate staking makes it even harder for non advanced users. To enable staking you need to add the extra command line parameter "enablestakemining", though there are some extra options also available that might help you such as the max price you pay for ticket or the minimum balance to maintain in your wallet.
Staking in Decred works in a similar way to a lottery, you purchase tickets with the available DCR coins you have (ticket price starts at 2 DCR), then wait for your ticket to be randomly chosen to validate a block or to be taken out of the lottery in 142 days. The coins you use for staking (purchasing tickets for the lottery) will be locked until they are either chosen and you get a reward or 142 days pass. According to the information the lottery lasts about 28 days average and the chance of a ticket not being selected in 142 days are less than 1%, but we'll have to wait and see. Do note that in order to be successfully staking you need to have your wallet running and online 24/7 and have the wallet unlocked, otherwise you might miss your chance of winning.
The Decred team is also working on a PoS pool where you can delegate your voting rights and participate in the staking without having to run a local wallet all the time in order to stake and you don't need to send DCR coins anywhere. There is already a test Decred Stake Pool running on the testnet, but you'll have to wait for the staking phase to start and a pool for the mainnet to become available.


text:
New on STN
March 2020
STN Database Updates continue as usual
March 2020
European Patent Office warns about possible delays in data delivery due to the Corona Crisis
March 2020
First 2020 Update to Emtree Now Available on STN(R)
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05.-06.Oct, Nice
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Mayors to 'grade' gun-makers
If certain gun manufacturers refuse to address public safety concerns about firearms and ammunition, dozens of Democratic mayors intend to take their business elsewhere.
Amid a nationwide push for new gun regulations, members of the National Conference of Democratic Mayors have decided to launch an initiative grading gun manufacturers on their compliance with public safety goals. The companies that are least supportive may find it harder to sell their wares to police departments across the country.
( PHOTOS: Stars call for gun control)
Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak, who heads the Democratic mayors group, said the initiative grew out of an epiphany this week: that cities spend millions of dollars a year as customers of these companies, even while their agendas clash on Capitol Hill.
"When we were lobbying on Capitol Hill, it became clear that our goal of trying to pass laws that make it easier to make our communities safe was going to be opposed by the gun and ammunition manufacturers. We recognize as mayors, we help fund that, because we are one of the largest purchasers of guns and ammunition in the country," Rybak told POLITICO in an interview Saturday morning.
( PHOTOS: Politicians with guns)
"So at the Democratic mayors meeting last night, we agreed that we would all go back to our communities, gather information from our police chiefs and procurement officers about how many guns and how much ammunition we purchase, bring that in from the Democratic mayors so that we have a common list of how much money we're spending, what purchases are pending and who we're buying from."
Then, Rybak said, he expects Democratic mayors will work through the umbrella group Mayors Against Illegal Guns – the national gun-control advocacy group launched by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg – to rate the manufacturers.
"Then we're going to do everything we can as mayors to use … the collective buying power of many millions of dollars in guns and ammunition, to support those who will support common-sense laws and oppose those who are fighting us in Congress," Rybak said. "I am not going to have the people, the taxpayers of Minneapolis, pay for people to stop the Congress from passing laws that keep our people safe."
He continued: "It's especially galling, paying money from our police departments to produce loopholes that allow illegal handguns into my communities that could be used against police officers."
Gun control and public safety have been dominant topics at the U.S. Conference of Mayors gathering in Washington this week, where the Democratic mayors group met Friday night. Rybak said that in the decade-plus worth of USCM meetings he's attended, "There's never been an issue that has so dominating the meetings as guns have dominated this one."
The National Conference of Democratic Mayors passed a resolution Friday night expressing support for the Obama administration's gun control and public safety proposals, which Vice President Joe Biden described to the mayors this week.
While mayors in different parts of the country have reacted differently to the federal proposals, city executives have been broadly supportive of new measures to crack down on gun crimes and promote information-sharing between state and local authorities.
( PHOTOS: Will these guns be banned again?)
Rybak said that if Congress were to pass legislation with three broad components – a mandate for universal background checks, a ban on high-capacity magazines and new information-sharing measures on crime and mental health – that would be a considerable help.
"That would be a huge win," he said.


text:
Hounds sign Jenkins to SPA
Soo Greyhounds GM Kyle Dubas announced Thursday afternoon that the club has signed defenceman KYLE JENKINS to an OHL Standard Player Agreement. The signing becomes the second in less than a month for the Hounds after signing David Miller in early December.
"Our program is very excited to gain a full commitment for Kyle Jenkins and his family today. Kyle has displayed an elite level of play for a 16 year old playing Junior A for Oakville this season and has been a big part of that club attaining success this season" began Hounds GM Kyle Dubas.
Dubas went on to give a lot of a credit to Hounds Director of Player Development for his work in the recruitment and development of Jenkins. Said Dubas, "Wes did an excellent job working with Kyle and his family through this process. As the young players on our roster continue to progress and we gain commitments from other members of our draft classes, you begin to see the invaluable role that Wes plays within our Program."
In Jenkins, the Hounds secure their 4th Round Selection from the 2012 OHL Priority Selection, who elected to sign with the Greyhounds after being offered numerous NCAA scholarships and visiting NCAA schools.
"The signing of Kyle going head to head with some NCAA programs who had also made overtures to Kyle, is another positive indication for where our program is and where it s heading" explained Dubas.
"Kyle is an excellent skater with tremendous hockey sense and instincts in all three zones. His combination of skating, puck skills, and intelligence allow him to drive possession in all 3 zones, fitting into the style of play implemented by Coach Keefe."
In 30 games played this season with the Oakville Blades (OJHL), Kyle has 6 goals and 14 assists (20 points) which is good for 6th on Blades scoring, while also making him the highest defenceman statistically on the club.
The Brampton, ON product recently participated for Team OJHL South at the Central Canada Cup and the Central Canada Cup Top Prospects game (December 2012) while back in November he was one of the few 16-year olds named to the Team Canada East Selection camp by Hockey Canada for the World Jr. A Hockey Challenge (November, 2012)
One year ago, the 6'0" rearguard was a member of the OHL Cup Champion Mississauga Rebels.
"It is an honour to sign with the Greyhounds of the OHL. It is everything I had hoped for and dreamed about while playing minor hockey. GM Dubas has been great with helping me making this decision. I appreciate all of Kyle's efforts to date" started Jenkins.
"The Greyhounds have a great hockey history. It is a privilege to follow in the footsteps of those who have played there such as Gretzky, Foote and Carter. I very much look forward to putting on the Red and White jersey and helping the Greyhounds win a Championship" the newest Hounds signee continued.
Kyle becomes the 8th member of the 2012 OHL Priority Selection class to sign with the hockey club joining Jared McCann, Kevin Spinozzi, Nicholas Pastorious, Trent Mallette, David Miller, Brandon Halverson, and Brandon Hughes.
The current plan is for Kyle to remain with Oakville Jr A for the remainder of the season, but he will be available to affiliate should the need arise.
"Our hockey club would like to thank the staff of the Oakville Blades and the Mississauaga Rebels Minor Hockey Club for their tremendous efforts in developing Kyle. Most notably, Coaches Geoff Schomoygi and Matt Craig deserve great recognition as they have coached Kyle for multiple years and have made the greatest impact on his progression" concluded the Hounds GM.
Oakville Blades
Height: 6.00
Weight: 160
D.O.B: April 22, 1996
Hometown: Brampton, ON
Draft Day comments on Jenkins from GM Kyle Dubas;
"Kyle is a smooth skating, puck mover who has very high hockey IQ. Kyle was a key member of the OHL Cup Champion Mississauga Rebels blue line. Kyle is extremely well positioned at all times and had the smarts and ability to become an outstanding Greyhound."


text:
A 19th Century Boro Work Coat: Great Old Cottons
January 31, 2013
Sometimes it happens that I discover something really wonderful that I bought a long time ago and that I forgot about. Finding it is often a revelation, as was the case when I recently came upon this very good old work coat.
I don't know how–or why–I forgot about it, but often seeing something after a long time gives you "new eyes" and makes you appreciate it more. That's the case with this boro coat.
It's a very nice one. It is hand stitched from old home spun, hand woven cottons of great variety. There's wonderful sashiko stitching–and the indigo blue is beautifully faded and worn. But for me it's the ito aji or thread flavor that makes me admire this piece so much.
Can you see that this is an older piece? There is an indescribable eloquence in its character which comes from the warmth of human wear.
It more than likely dates to the late nineteenth century. It measures 49″ x 47″ or 124.5 cm x 119.5 cm.
The cottons are really good. I love the small checks which are emblematic of the 19th century, especially those that appear to be woven bamboo. This pattern is called sankuzushi, and it's one of my favorites.


text:
Welcome! Bakersfield College is a community of individuals dedicated to teaching. We are committed to making everyone on our campus safe, enhancing public safety through education and prevention.
We provide a variety of services through the Department of Public Safety and other departments, including a security escort service, personal safety tips, sexual assault prevention tips, survivor assistance and officer patrols. Please take the time to inform yourself about these programs.
Do not hesitate to ask the Department of Public Safety staff any questions you may have about your personal safety. You will find that the staff members are interested and welcome the opportunity to assist with your concerns.
Our community safety is the responsibility of everyone, both as individuals and as members of our community. Please exercise personal and community responsibility during your time with Bakersfield College. With your help, we can meet the goal of providing a safe, secure learning environment for the free, open and civil exchange of ideas within an international community.
Thank you,
Public Safety is responsible for providing security, emergency response and parking enforcement at all of BC's locations.
Our trained security are Officers who have previous Law Enforcement experience while others have a solid background in security related work. Public Safety Officers retain a civilian status while employed at Bakersfield College.
All officers have received a minimum P.C. 832 certification by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. The officers receive continuing professional training in first aid, CPR, emergency response, disaster preparedness, safety, and security each year.
Additionally, all officers are trained and certified under The Bureau of Security and Investigative Services and meet the requirements set forth in E.C. 67381.
Our officers also participate in the Bakersfield College Field Training Officer program.


text:
This quote boggles my mind:
Let's be blunt and up front here. I'm good at what I do, and I do a lot of things that a lot of people can't manage. Parrot's first mark and sweep garbage collector was put together in about four hours while I was sitting in my local public library (no wifi but comfy chairs) and it worked pretty well. The hardest part about it was doing the dull stuff involved with it. I'm reasonably certain that's not normal. And no, I don't know how to say "Yeah, I'm good at doing that stuff that makes your head explode -- it's easy" without coming across as an arrogant prat, so I don't. (Say it. I've no idea about the arrogant prat bit)
One of the running jokes was that we'd know Parrot was ready for release 1.0 because all the code I'd written and checked in had been rewritten. I cultivated this, to the point of occasionally checking in bad (working, but crappily written) code on purpose, partially to give the code gnomes something to gnaw on and partly to enhance my rep as an adequate but not great coder. If people thought the code was deeply magic they wouldn't want to touch, and I knew we needed people not afraid to touch.
It's from Dan Sugalski's public postmortem of Parrot, circa 2005.


text:
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text:
Monday marked the premiere of Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, and if you're anything like me, you may have been wondering if Taylor Armstrong was even able to watch it in light of the recent suicide of estranged husband Russell Armstrong.
Well for starters, the show premiered to high ratings for the Bravo network. While some were concerned over what impact Russell's passing would have on the show, it appears there was no reason for that as over 2.2 million viewers tuned in for the season debut. That is a 42% increase from the season one premiere last year. Those numbers are even more impressive considering Monday was a holiday.
But back to Taylor as Radaronline is reporting that Bravo executives gave her an advance copy of the show which had been re-edited due to the recent events. She was able to watch it before it aired on Labor Day. An insider reveals, "Taylor watched the entire episode several days ago. She was very moved by the heartfelt comments that each of the Housewives made regarding Russell's suicide. There were a lot of tears shed as she watched the episode."
The source continues, "Taylor didn't watch the season premiere with any of the Housewives. Kyle, Adrienne and Lisa are in New York City doing press for the show. However, Kyle did call Taylor to check-in with her. Kyle and Taylor are very close. Taylor was very emotional watching it, but she is very supportive of how Bravo is handling Russell's suicide. Taylor believes that watching the show now will be cathartic and healing for her." As for Kennedy, Taylor's five-year-old daughter with Russell, the insider says, "[She] has started school, and doing well. Taylor is now trying to put her life back together."
And while it may be healing for Taylor to watch the season, it will no doubt be hard. According to one source, Bravo plans to air footage of the couple's marriage counseling, parts of which were filmed for the series. The insider reveals, "Bravo has made the decision to air their marriage counseling sessions. Taylor is supportive of the network airing the therapy sessions. Bravo will be looking at those sessions and doing any necessary edits if needed, given Russell's suicide. Both Russell and Taylor were filmed individually during their sessions. Taylor's will definitely be airing, although it's likely that Russell's individual sessions won't be." Both Taylor and Russell agreed to let the network document their sessions.
However, some reports say otherwise. A mouthpiece for the network commented, "The producers and Bravo are in the process of re-editing the entire series. As a result, any report regarding the content of upcoming episodes is mere speculation." The couple was seeing Dr. Charles Sophy for help with their crumbling marriage. Before Russell's suicide, the pair's marital problems were set to be a big story line of the season. However, Bravo has since edited the season, so some speculate that the sessions will not be included. The premiere episode cut original footage of Taylor shopping for lingerie in an effort to spice up her love life with Russell. However, it aired the tense dinner party at Adrienne Maloof's where Taylor felt attacked by Ken Vanderpump after revealing her and Russell's decision to seek counseling.
While we are watching a show filmed pre-tragedy, those closest to Russell are still trying to cope with his decision to take his own life. As I'm sure you've heard, Russell's family is speculating that his tragic death may not have been at his own hands. TMZ reports that the Coroner's Office recently released Russell's toxicology results, which revealed no alcohol or drugs where in his system when he died. Russell's family is hiring a private investigator to look into the possibility of foul play. However, neither the Los Angeles coroner nor Taylor herself believe Russell was murdered.
And finally, Russell's family continues to speak out against Taylor. The latest accusation comes from Russell's mother who alleges Taylor charged over $90,000 to Russell's credit card after filing for divorce.
"$90,000 was put on his credit card in June, not by him," revealed John Ann Hotchkiss during an interview with Jane Velez-Mitchell on HLN Wednesday. "Taylor put $90,000 on there," she said. "She put $90,000 on his credit card in June after she separated." It doesn't seem like this drama will be ending anytime soon.
Photo credit: WENN


text:
1 large piece boneless chicken breast,about 500 gm (removed excess fats and sliced)
1 large onion,peeled and sliced
1 large fresh tomato,washed and cut square
1 medium green pepper,washed and cut square
100 gm fresh white mushroom,washed and sliced
3-4 cloves fresh garlic,peeled and chopped
2 tbsp fish sauce
1 tbsp oyster sauce
1 tbsp sugar
1 tbsp chicken bouillon powder
salt to taste
2 tbsp cooking oil
1/2 cup almond,crushed or chopped or silvered
1:Heat large skillet or wok at medium high heat with oil.When skillet hot enough add in chopped garlic,fry till lightly brown,add in sliced chicken.Fry sliced chicken for 2-3 minutes before add in all cut vegetables and seasoning.
2:Stir-fry all the ingredients for another 3-5 minutes,check the seasoning before sprinkle almond nut into it.
3:Dish out and serve warm with rice.


text:
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text:
The painting, bought at an auction in Canterbury ten years ago, has remained in a drawer ever since after the canny buyer spotted a faint signature on the corner.
It has now been revealed as a Constable painting, believed to have been completed near to his home in Suffolk, after being examined by experts on television programme Treasure Detectives.
Rob Darvell, 45, the son of the retired consultant ophthalmic surgeon who purchased the painting, has hailed the discovery as "something else altogether", saying its value was "everything I was hoping for and more".
He said his father Robin had spotted the postcard-sized picture in a cardboard box with "other bits and pieces".
"No-one else seemed to want, sold at the end of the auction as a job lot, he said. "Dad viewed the box before it came up for sale and spotted a feint signature, J Constable, on the back of the frame.
"He kept it for many years in, a drawer by his fireplace at his home in Ash, Kent, but he never hung it and hardly told anybody about it. "
Curtis Dowling, a fakes and forgeries detective from the television show, said: "To add this to John Constable's canon of work is wonderful. A large section of the art world will be salivating to get their hands on it.'"
Dowling, promoting the new series Treasure Detectives, to be broadcast on the Yesterday channel on Tuesday, said the postcard-size rural scene is believed to be somewhere in Constable's home county Suffolk.
Speaking after learning how much the picture is worth on BBC Breakfast this week, Mr Darvell said "In the minutes leading up to the valuation, I was so nervous that my heart was beating like crazy. Now I'm in a state of shock. This news is everything I was hoping for, and more."
He added: "It's moving to think such a great artist painted it. I suspect we will want it hung in a gallery for a while, so the public can see it."


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Texas athletics director Steve Patterson has grand plans for the future of Texas Longhorn football. Aside from winning championships, Patterson wants to grow and expand the Texas football program beyond the borders of not only Texas, but also the country.
According to Austin American Statesman, Patterson has interest in Texas football playing a game in Mexico City.
Putting together a game in Mexico City would likely require moving a Texas road game to a neutral site in Mexico City, which means getting an opponent to agree to such a move. This is because it would be unlikely Texas would give up a home date for such a game. And you can forget moving the Oklahoma game out of the Cotton Bowl.
The idea of playing a game outside of the United States is certainly nothing new. Penn State and UCF will open the 2014 season in Ireland. Notre Dame and Navy did so to open the 2012 season and future game sin Ireland are already being lined up as well. College football has been played in Mexico on a regular basis for decades as well, although not quite on the same level of play that Texas would bring to the table. The Aztec Bowl has featured a number of all-star players from the Division 2 and Division 3 schools in a game against a team of Mexican all-stars. The game was first played in 1950 and was played most years through 2011, and it has featured an NCAA-sanctioned team since 1973.
Patterson's view is not limited to the nation to the south of the Texas border though. A vision to grow the Texas brand across the Pacific Ocean is also on the table.
Pac 12 commissioner Larry Scott has previously expressed interest in growing the conference brand across the Pacific Ocean as well, making note of an increasing Asian influence through the conference's membership and the connections that could be put in place to help grow the Pac 12 Network and conference branding. Patterson seems to have a similar desire for Texas, although how easily that vision can be put in to focus at Texas remains to be seen. For now, Patterson has smaller goals to keep him busy, such as increasing annual revenue and the search for more television partners to carry The Longhorn Network.


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The resolution for Error message #–773 can also be found on the Sybase Anywhere website under "Schedule '%1' for event '%2' not found". If the data recovery procedure does not work to resolve the database assertion, then it is recommended that you open a Technical Support request at http://www.filerepair.net/recovery.
File Repair Inc. has a data salvage service for the salvage of data from a corrupt database. This is a paid service, accessed by opening a File Repair Request. There is a fee for corrupted data recovery and file repair.
dbisql -c "UID=DBA;PWD=SQL;ENG=ASA"
SELECT * FROM "DBA"."table_name"
ORDER BY id ASC
> > # c:\unload\table_name.dat
This outputs data from the table_name table starting at the first primary key entry until the database asserts.
SELECT * FROM "DBA"."table_name"
ORDER BY id DESC
> ># c:\unload\table_name.dat
This outputs as much data as possible from the table_name table, starting at the last primary key entry until the database asserts. The > ># syntax appends any new rows generated by the SELECT statement to the table_name.dat file. To verify how much data is missing from the table_name table, open the table_name.dat file in a text editor. There may be some data loss when attempting to salvage data from the corrupt table. If there is significant data loss, then try and determine a range of the primary keys where excessive data loss exists. When a range has been determined attempt to salvage more data from the table based on the range of primary keys in the SELECT statement.
dbisql -c "UID=DBA;PWD=sql;ENG=ASA"
SELECT * FROM "DBA"."table_name"
WHERE id BETWEEN 2500 AND 3000
ORDER BY id ASC
> ># c:\unload\table_name.dat
To salvage the greatest amount of data from the corrupt table, change the range of the primary keys in the BETWEEN clause until the database asserts. This process can be long and tedious if the corruption is widely spread throughout the table. Commonly, corruption in a table is grouped in ranges based on the primary key, but this is not always the case. If there are multiple indexes on the table, use the different indexes for the WHERE and ORDER BY searching conditions. Dropping the indexes and primary key on the table may also produce more data using a SELECT statement. The more data that can be salvaged from the corrupt table, the better the integrity of the data that will exist when the new database is created.
For information about index hints, see http://download.sybase.com/pdfdocs/awg0900e/dbrfen9.pdf - Page 445.


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Apple iPhone 4S full review
The iPhone 5 has finally been announced by Apple and it looks as if the Californian company has really gone to town on some of its features. Here we are putting some of the new iPhone 5's key features up against its predecessor the iPhone 4 in what we call an iPhone 5 vs iPhone 4S comparison review.
In a display of tremendous cowardice we're not going to tell you whether it's worth upgrading from the iPhone 4S to the iPhone 5, as the case will be different for almost every person. Instead we will arm you with some facts and some expert opinion to let you make an informed decision for yourself. See also: iPhone 5 review.
Before we go another further it is worth pointing out that the iPhone 5 has largely taken over the iPhone 4S pricing structure, a 16GB iPhone 5 being sold without a contract for £525 on the Apple store website. See iPhone 5 price in UK for more information.
So here it is, the iPhone 5 vs iPhone 4S comparison review… See also Samsung Galaxy S3 vs Apple iPhone 5 comparison review.
iPhone 4S vs iPhone 5 comparison review: Design
The iPhone 5 is the first Apple iPhone that has changed the screen size since the original iPhone launched way back in June 2007. You'll notice straight away the main change to the iPhone 5 from the iPhone 4S (and all previous iPhones) is the screen size. The new iPhone 5 has a taller screen that measures in a 4-inches. Previously the iPhone 4S had a 3.5-inch screen. Take a look at iPhone 5 specs and features too.
Apple had a thing about keeping all of its screen sizes the same for continuity reasons; however the growth of Android and the success its top-end smartphones had with larger screens has forced Apple to boost the screen size. What this means is that the millions of apps that have been designed to work on the 3.5-inch iPhones will not fit the iPhone 5. See also iPhone 5 release date, specs and rumour round-up.
The solution that Apple has come up with for the iPhone 5 is to centre apps designed for a 3.5-inch screen and grey out the areas not filled on the new 4-inch screen on the iPhone 5. Take a look at iPhone 5: what you need to know too.
As you can probably work out, a bigger screen means that the surface area of the iPhone 5 is also bigger than the iPhone 4S. The iPhone 4S measures in at (HxWxD) 115.2 x 58.66 x 9.3mm, the new iPhone measures in at 123.6 x 58.6 x 7.6. Obviously things to point out are that the iPhone 5 has grown in height and slimmed considerably in depth.
Impressively the iPhone 5 also appears to have been on a bit of a weight-losing mission. The iPhone 4S weighs 140g, while the iPhone 5 comes in at a relatively puny 112g. If you're a percentages person, that means the iPhone 5 is 18% thinner than the iPhone 4S, it's also 20% lighter...and it now holds the title of the world's thinnest smartphone.
iPhone 4S vs iPhone 5 comparison review: Processor
Perhaps one of the most important, but ultimately overlooked upgrades that the iPhone 5 has seen is with its processor. The old iPhone 4S uses a dual-core Apple A5 chip, where as the iPhone 5 uses the new A6 chip.
Apple has claimed that in comparison to the iPhone 4S' A5 dual-core chip, the new A6 chip found in the iPhone 5 is 2x faster at CPU tasks and also has 2x greater graphics performance. All in all the A6 chip in the iPhone 5 is said the be 2x faster across the board than the iPhone 4S.
The new A6 chip found in the iPhone 5 is 22 percent smaller and is more efficient too, which goes someway to explaining why Apple are claiming how the iPhone 5 has the same battery performance as the iPhone 4S despite having a smaller battery.
iPhone 4S vs iPhone 5 comparison review: Storage
Where once there were hopes that Apple would blow everyone's socks of with some new mega storage options, now there are the cold hard facts that say it is sadly not the case.
Apple has kept the internal storage of the iPhone 5 completely the same as the iPhone 4S. The iPhone 5's bottom model comes in at 16GB. Users can opt for an iPhone 5 with 16GB, 32GB or 64GB of storage, with the original £525 price tag of the 16GB iPhone 5 jumping up by £100 respectively for each storage option.
While Apple has still shied away from offering its customers the option to use an expandable memory slot - a feature that is currently available to many Android smartphones - iOS 6 and its improved integration with the iCloud will offer some extra storage option for the iPhone 5.
iPhone 5 vs iPhone 4S comparison review: Camera
The smartphone megapixel arms race is long dead. Manufacturers are no longer kidding customers that the number of megapixels in a camera is what makes it take a good picture.
When you bear that in mind, it goes a long way to explaining why the iPhone 5 features a 8Mp camera, just like the iPhone 4S. The main difference is that the camera in the iPhone 5 is 25 percent smaller in size, and has a few new features that help it trump the iPhone 4S's camera.
The main camera features of note in the iPhone 5 are that it has a, a hybrid IR filter, a five-element sapphire crystal lens, and a fast f/2.4 aperture. Furthermore the iPhone 5's camera now has a dynamic low-light mode, which in layman's terms means it can work a lot better in low lights, two f-stops better to be precise. All of that and it now takes photos 40% faster.
iPhone 5 vs iPhone 4S comparison review: Software
One of the main areas that the iPhone 5 can be distinguished from the iPhone 4S is with its software and OS. The iPhone 5 comes with Apple's new iOS 6 operating system, which on the surface has 200 new features.
To keep this article manageable we are not going to go into these features in great depth as we already have an iOS 6 review, which will tell you all you need to know about how the iPhone 5 benefits from the new iOS 6 operating.
However, some new features of note are: an improved version of Siri that is more in depth and able to tackle more questions/requests.
Also there is a new feature called Passbook, that allows you to collect all of your passes in one place, including cinema tickets, airline boarding passes, sports tickets etc. A cool additional feature here is that when you are near an event the pass will automatically load onto your screen ready for you to use.
The iPhone 5's integration with iOS 6 and iCloud means that you can you open and edit all your documents on your iPhone 5, edit and save them, then the next time you open the same document on other iOS 6 devices, the changes you made on your iPhone 5 will be automatically updated, and vice versa.
To find out more about iOS 6 and the iPhone 5's software to be like take a look at our iOS 6 preview.
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Apple iPhone 4S: Specs
- Touchscreen smartphone
- world phone: quad-band GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz and CDMA
- 3.5in (960 x 640) 3:2 capacitive IPS touchscreen, aluminosilicate glass, with oleophobic coating
- 326 dpi, 800:1 contrast ratio, 500cd/m2 brightness
- 16GB, 32GB and 64GB NAND flash storage
- Apple A5 (dual-core based on ARM Cortex A9 CPU/PowerVR SGX543MP2 GPU) processor
- 802.11b/g/n
- Bluetooth 4.0
- rear-facing 8Mp still/1920 x 1080 video camera
- front-facing 640 x 480 video camera
- white LED flash
- assisted GPS
- three-axis gyroscope
- proximity sensor
- ambient light sensor
- digital compass
- dual mics
- speaker
- 3.5mm stereo headphone/mic jack
- earphones with remote and mic
- USB power adaptor
- 5.25Wh lithium-ion battery
- 115 x 59 x 9mm
- 141g


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Give your Lennox iComfort Smart Thermostat a fresh new look! Our Lennox skins (AKA GelaSkins) offer ultra-thin scratch protection and turn your thermostat into a work of art that stands out in the crowd. We've been collaborating with artists to design beautiful tech accessories since 2005 and nobody does it better.
Unlimited customization on all your favorite tech accessories. With our curated selection of artwork and our create your own products your sure to find something to love.


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Steve Jobs at D1: We Think the Tablet's Gonna Fail
At the first D: All Things Digital conference in Carlsbad CA, Steve Jobs was up front with his thoughts about the future of the tablet computer.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
go ... this spring ... she ... and given the hype of its portable device that ... should be me pee ... she is constantly room should make it ... through the maket ample ... anemic so we just touch on those unsure ... this is lot of excitement around those in general in the industry so let's start with the tablet you make of that what ... we think about that no plans at the current time they can help ... ensure old friend Bill Gates appeared to ... be really enthusiastic Leslie we think ... well I mean I think it's great that they're trying um but ... that turn itself ... it turns out that I would characterise will that differ with them Bill unbilled characterise this is a device you can take that to meetings and take note twice the people with no computers in every meeting ago to take notes ... so I don't think that's what it's about I think it's about ... him riding import versus the people ... and Dom ... handwriting recognition stint ride over over again even when you get a really good ... Apple ... believe it or not after all that team that they went through with Newton ... has the best in writing technology in the world ... it's way better than anything else really yet you know the problem ... it doesn't matter it's really slow rights ... you know you could never keep up with your e-mail you have to write it all ... and so ... it turns out that people want keyboards ... the more I started in this business that one of these challenges with people couldn't I ... you know in in in one day we realize that death would eventually take care of that ... and I'm so ... people know how to type now ... yet and they would if you if you if you if you e-mail that of any volume you gonna have a keyboard ... and so if you got a device that soprano bills that it's really easy to do it in written e-mail last night ... I'm you know ... so we look at the wheel of the al lead ... and and and and ... everything is perfect ... you think Tablets completes with you what about that tablets are reading device to smile and peeling them untested bag given agree with you ... what I said was I believe this ... its actual strength in a funny way is that so much more natural way to reuse ... along the Web or for a ... long word document PDF file something and ... then a clamshell ... it's ... it's really true if you got a bunch of rich guys who can afford it or computer to become the topic of portable another to have wanted these to read with ... Dr market ... OK ... people accuse us of niche markets ... I ...


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Cursed Charm
Solve mysteries by ordering your Student Council minions into investigations. A schoolgirl noir RPG-style adventure!
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- phoenixgirl
- Posts: 487
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Cursed Charm
I'll put my question in spoiler text since I'm not sure if many people have encountered this. But anyway, as I was playing through again, I got a case of the secret society and one that involved witchcraft. When I chose to stake out the chapel, I ended up failing and got a cursed charm which has attributes similar to a lemon. I was wondering if the cursed charm has any possible benefits.
Please help and support me here.
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1 post • Page 1 of 1


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Angels rally late, but fall short to Astros
Weaver gives up four homers in rocky outing lasting 5 2/3 frames
HOUSTON -- There was the first-inning changeup that grooved right down the middle, the second-inning curveball that sailed up and in, the fourth-inning fastball that wasn't quite low enough and the fifth-inning curveball that stayed high. They all sailed out of Minute Maid Park on a roof-enclosed Sunday afternoon, drawing demonstrative dejection from Angels ace Jered Weaver and leading to a 7-4 loss to the Astros at Minute Maid Park.
"It was pretty much Home Run Derby out there," Weaver said. "It's frustrating to start the year off like this, from a personal standpoint, but we have a bunch more to go."
Weaver gave up only five hits, but because four of them went for a career-high-tying four home runs -- a two-run shot by Jason Castro, followed by solo homers from Matt Dominguez, Jesus Guzman and Alex Presley, respectively -- the 31-year-old right-hander moved to 0-2 through his first two starts for the first time since 2007.
Weaver was sitting 86 to 88 mph with his fastball, which is pretty much the norm for him now, and hit 89 twice in his 100 pitches. But he didn't really establish any command with it, an issue he was searching for in Spring Training until an encouraging outing in a Minor League game six days before Opening Day.
"I feel like I'm missing up when I do throw fastballs, which is usually not the case," Weaver said after walking none and striking out six to put his ERA at 6.00. "It's flattening out as the game goes on."
The Astros got seven innings of one-run ball from ace Scott Feldman and totaled five homers in the third of a four-game series, the last one being a seventh-inning two-run shot from Jonathan Villar off Matt Shoemaker. It gave Houston a six-run lead, which proved valuable when the Angels rallied with three runs in the ninth -- before Kole Calhoun struck out with two outs while representing the tying run.
"We had seven hits and five of them were homers," Presley noted, "and that's a pretty good ratio you don't see very often."
The last time Weaver had given up four homers was Aug. 2, 2008, in New York. And the last time an Angels starter gave up four homers on five or fewer hits was Scot Shields on Sept. 11, 2003, in Oakland.
The Astros didn't get a true baserunner on until there were two outs in the sixth, when Guzman laid down a perfect bunt and Weaver made an errant, off-balance, wide throw to first, giving up an extra base just before exiting.
His arm, Weaver said, feels as good as it has in a while thanks to all the stretching exercises he did over the offseason, but he's still trying to iron out some mechanical issues.
"I'm still trying to find that thing that clicks for me," Weaver said. "I feel like I've thrown the ball well. It just hasn't been consistent mechanically for me. The way my arm is feeling now, there are no restrictions or nothing. It feels good coming out. I just have to get a feel for staying on top of that fastball. I feel I'm kind of getting underneath some fastballs and that's causing it to be elevated."
This is part of the every-five-day battle for Weaver.
He's never relied on velocity, but its absence mandates precision on all other facets. Weaver's fastball command has to be there and his location often needs to be precise in order for him to have success. And when it isn't there, days like Sunday happen.
"I think right now we're dealing with maybe his inability to get the fastball into good zones as often," Angels manager Mike Scioscia said. "He changes speeds as well as anybody in the game, but he's got to really be able to establish that fastball in good zones to be able to do that. I know he tried to. But I don't know that he had quite the crisp command that we've seen him have -- and the command he had just a couple of years ago when he won 20 games. That wasn't based on velocity. It was based on locating, mixing and matching and changing speeds, and making pitches."


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Buddy Bag Brigade – Teambuilding Event – Lichfield
April 18 @ 10:30 am - 12:30 pm
Come and join us at our Buddy Bag Brigade.
An opportunity to help pack Buddy Bags for the Buddy Bag Foundation.
We will be packing 180 Buddy Bags with 12 essential items per bag. All items will be supplied.
Please arrive at 10.30 am PROMPT for Team Brief.
The Buddy Bag Brigade relies on donations and fundraising. If you are in any way able to support BBF please let us know?
Each Buddy Bag costs £25.00.
Sponsored walks etc, Raffles, Donations, Trusts and Wills, Fundraising Events, Quiz Nights, etc etc
See our web site www.buddybagfoundation.co.uk for A-Z fundraising ideas
Please LIKE AND SHARE OUR FACEBOOK PAGE
Bring a SMILE 🙂
Live Love Laugh
Karen Williams


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See what questions
a doctor would ask.
These medical condition or symptom topics may be relevant to medical information for Reducible hernia:
Reducible hernia: Type of or association with medical condition Hernia.
»Introduction: Hernia
Reducible hernia: Reducible hernia is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database:
Hernia (medical condition): General term for an organ protruding where it should not.
Hernia: When an organ pokes out past the muscle wall that is supposed to hold the organ in place, you have a hernia. (Source: excerpt from Hiatal Hernia: NIDDK)
Search to find out more about Reducible hernia:
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By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use. Information provided on this site is for informational purposes only; it is not intended as a substitute for advice from your own medical team. The information on this site is not to be used for diagnosing or treating any health concerns you may have - please contact your physician or health care professional for all your medical needs. Please see our Terms of Use.
Copyright © 2014 Health Grades Inc. All rights reserved. Last Update: 13 August, 2015 (0:39)


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Adaptive Lifting Phd Thesis Matlab Code | reflektion schreiben muster
About Mother Brainhomework help net
"Staten Island, NY native Andre´ Joseph had a love for movies from a very early age. He began his career making short films with family and friends on home video. He attended the New York Film Academy summer program in 2001 where he first gained experience working with 16 millimeter film and later graduated Magna Cum Laude from Emerson College in 2006 where he received a degree in Visual and Media arts. He also interned in television production with VH1 Classic in the summer of 2006. In 2008, Andre´ formed his own New York-based independent film production company, AJ Epyx Productions, LLC. The company's first feature film, Priceless, which Mr. Joseph wrote, starred, and directed, opened at Tribeca Cinemas in October 2008 and was selected for exhibition at the NY International Independent Film & Video Festival in March 2009. His second feature film, Dishonorable Vendetta, was the official selection at the NewFilmmakers NY Winter Series in 2015. Most recent projects include the dramatic short film Night Stream which was nominated for 4 World Music & Independent Film Festival awards including winner for Best Supporting Actor, the comedic short film Tempted which was the official selection at the Garden State Film Festival, and the short dramedy The Dinner. When not making films, Andre´ co-hosts the movie review web series The Cinefiles for the geek culture site, This is Infamous. He enjoys weight lifting, running, yoga, comic books, wrestling, football, basketball, and an extremely eclectic taste in music."


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Column: Power Lines, Preparation and the Private Sector
There were a lot of people complaining last week about how long it took Xcel energy to get the power back on for many of its customers.
It is important to remember that Xcel only makes its money by selling that electricity to its subscribers, so they had every reason to want those customers' meters up and running again as quickly as possible. There is every reason to believe that after the storm hit and customers started losing their service, that given its resources Xcel did all that it could, including bringing in labor from neighboring states to fix the problems with its lines.
A better question is why Xcel wasn't prepared to tackle the situation before the power started going out all over the area. The answers to that question behoove us to dig a little deeper.
Private sector electric companies in this country operate as government regulated monopolies. They own the power lines that deliver power to homes and businesses. So, while in some circumstances consumers can choose who produces their electricity, they have no choice in the matter of who delivers it to their homes and businesses.
The government knows that it would be prohibitively expensive for other electric companies to set up their own complete sets of lines and poles to every address, which is what they would need to do to compete with the existing company. This is called a natural monopoly and the government allows electric companies to operate in this fashion over a defined territory, but insists on regulation designed to grant them a limited profit by controlling the prices they can charge their customers.
Here is the root the preparation problem for electric companies like Xcel. They could have lined up all of help from companies in neighboring states and brought those workers into Sioux Falls in the hours before the storm hit. They could have paid for their overtime, lodging and meals. However, bringing them in before the storm would have guaranteed all that additional expense. Whereas there was a chance, as there always is with the weather, that the worst of the storm would not hit Sioux Falls. If that had happened, and the outages were confined to less populated areas, the line problems might have been repairable with just Xcel's existing employees and equipment. They gambled on the weather, but in the end they had to pay those additional costs anyway while losing the revenues that thousands of customers without power for days would have provided.
Many in this country operate under the mythical assumption that the private sector always does things better than the government would. Here is a clear case where it does not. A state owned power distribution network would not need to gamble on the weather, or make decisions based on maximizing profit. In the same way that the National Guard can be called up before a disaster, a government run electric system could have allocated its resources in advance to ensure the minimum amount of service disruption, because protecting a profit margin would have never been a concern. "But that is socialism!" you say? Maybe so, but if it gets the heat back on faster during freak winter storms, maybe our electrical system needs a little socialism.


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New regional headquarters opened in Bangkok with goal of enhancing food and water quality throughout Asia
NSF International has opened a new regional headquarters in Bangkok, Thailand, to oversee its operations throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The new office will be home to NSF's water and product certification division and the NSF-CMi food safety division.
The new office will provide technical assistance, inspection and certification services to manufacturers and retailers in the Asia-Pacific region. The move is a strategic response to the region's fast-growing need among multinational corporations and small- to medium-sized enterprises to meet global regulatory requirements and best practices.
"Our Asian office in Thailand will expand the reach of our service portfolio to meet the increasing regional demand for brand protection through third-party auditing, testing and certification," said Koen Bontinck, NSF vice president of international operations. "It will also enable us to provide our global customers in this emerging market with faster, more cost-effective, regional solutions."
Export-related product certification has, to date, been the largest and fastest growing sector for NSF in this region of the world. NSF was recently presented with an Export Achievement Certificate from the U.S. Department of Commerce for increasing export sales and expanding into new global markets, including Asia.
Two new executives have been appointed to oversee the increasing growth of the company's health and safety services in the Asia-Pacific region.
Pierre Sbabo will serve as managing director, NSF Asia-Pacific. Most recently, Sbabo served as the International Business Leader for the residential/commercial group of General Electric (GE) Water & Process Technologies, a division of GE that provides water treatment solutions to the residential and commercial markets.
Peter Bracher will serve as managing director, NSF-CMi Asia-Pacific, where he will be responsible for expanding food safety business in the region. Returning to CMi where he spent the early part of his career, Peter has more than 20 years of food safety, sustainability and public health experience with a successful track record in entering new markets within Asia and Europe.
Mike Thomas, chief executive of NSF-CMi, commented, "There are major opportunities for us to help our international clients who are sourcing food products from the region and to support retailers seeking to develop in Asia with their attendant supply chain requirements. Equally, we are now well-placed to assist in the development of local retail and supply chain operations within these fast, growing economies."