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Released by: ProcessRecordings
Release/catalogue number: PRCS132
Release date: Apr 26, 2010
Filterwolf (a.k.a. Adnan Duric) has his musical roots in the techno clubs of Cologne, but is now based in Munich. He has developed his own sound, far away from the clichés of techno, with a wide diversity of tonal sensibility and intensity. He produces mesmerising electronic music in which techno, house and electro meet Burial-esque vocal fragments, whilst the synths play exploding melodies.
His first release "South Disco" was on dubKULT's Living Records with remixes by Hrdvsion and Tigerskin. This was followed by his 4-track "Futura EP" on Process, which was a stepping stone to his first album "Music From Tomorrow", due out on Process in May 2010. To introduce that album, we bring you the first single "Nocturne", with three amazing remixes from Berlin, Dublin and Paris.
Berlin-based Alan Abrahams, a.k.a. Bodycode, a.k.a. Portable, slows down the tempo and adds extra vocals, turning the track into more laid-back groover, whilst Corrugated Tunnel, who has become a bit of a regular on Process, adds more bass and beats to Nocturne for a version for the middle of the night. The final mix is from Olibusta, a new member of the parisian Get The Curse crew. Thumbing on the thin line between after-hours heavy techno bleepery and freakier-than-thou electro-funk sleaziness.
Further mixes are expected in a second package a few weeks after release of "Music From Tomorrow".
Promotional stuff arrived via email (extramusicnew(at)gmail.com ,
send your stuffs via e mail or soundcloud, promote yourself…!!!


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The physician's high and only mission is to restore the sick to health, to cure, as it is termed. 1
1 His mission is not, however, to construct so-called systems, by interweaving empty speculations and hypotheses concerning the internal essential nature of the vital processes and the mode in which diseases originate in the interior of the organism, (whereon so many physicians have hitherto ambitiously wasted their talents and their time); nor is it to attempt to give countless explanations regarding the phenomena in diseases and their proximate cause (which must ever remain concealed), wrapped in unintelligible words and an inflated abstract mode of expression, which should sound very learned in order to astonish the ignorant - whilst sick humanity sighs in vain for aid. Of such learned reveries (to which the name of theoretic medicine is given, and for which special professorships are instituted) we have had quite enough, and it is now high time that all who call themselves physicians should at length cease to deceive suffering mankind with mere talk, and begin now, instead, for once to act, that is, really to help and to cure.
The highest ideal of cure is rapid, gentle and permanent restoration of the health, or removal and annihilation of the disease in its whole extent, in the shortest, most reliable, and most harmless way, on easily comprehensible principles.
If the physician clearly perceives what is to be cured in diseases, that is to say, in every individual case of disease (knowledge of disease, indication), if he clearly perceives what is curative in medicines, that is to say, in each individual medicine (knowledge of medical powers), and if he knows how to adapt, according to clearly defined principles, what is curative in medicines to what he has discovered to be undoubtedly morbid in the patient, so that the recovery must ensue - to adapt it, as well in respect to the suitability of the medicine most appropriate according to its mode of action to the case before him (choice of the remedy, the medicine indicated), as also in respect to the exact mode of preparation and quantity of it required (proper dose), and the proper period for repeating the dose; - if, finally, he knows the obstacles to recovery in each case and is aware how to remove them, so that the restoration may be permanent, then he understands how to treat judiciously and rationally, and he is a true practitioner of the healing art .
He is likewise a preserver of health if he knows the things that derange health and cause disease, and how to remove them from persons in health.

subset: commoncrawl


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bennage brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 109 Designs von 30 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
a catchy logo that can be used to identify games built with the SilverSprite toolkit. The logo is intended to be displayed on both Xbox Live Community games as well as we web-based games
SilverSprite is a free, open source toolkit for game developers. It makes it easy for them to create games that can run on an Xbox (using XNA) as well as on a web site (using Silverlight).
We want a logo that can be displayed on the SilverSprite site (http://www.codeplex.com/silversprite), on the splash screens of the games that use it, and on it's sister project silverarcade.com.
We want to be able to create a brand identity so that gamers will see the logo and think "oh, this is a SilverSprite game, that means I can download to my Xbox as well as play it online!"
- We'll credit the winning artist on the official SilverSprite project site
- It doesn't have to match Silver Arcade exactly, but I don't want it to clash. Silver Arcade can be viewed here. Note: the colors are not the same, they are blue and yellow.
- I want the source in Adobe Illustrator
- I would like it to be reminiscent(but not a copy of) the Xbox brand
- another source of inspiration XNA Creator's Club
- Don't get too elaborate, I don't want a fancy illustration with lots of details. I want something that looks like a logo for the Web.
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


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Welcome to Charlottesville! For information about attractions and events in our region, please consult the Charlottesville/Albemarle Convention and Visitors Bureau (CACVB) at the Downtown Visitor's Center or online at www.visitcharlottesville.org,
The Visitor's Center is located directly across from City Hall on the east end of the Downtown Mall (610 East Main Street). The center is open seven days a week from 9am to 5pm and provides many services including same-day hotel reservations, local and statewide travel information, brochures, guides, maps, and more.
For more information, contact the CACVB at 434.293.6789 or toll free: 877.386.1103.


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Jet lag has its benefits. Shuttling between North America and Europe, Whitney Engen and Meghan Klingenberg found that an out-of-sync body clock was perfectly timed to watch their new club play live.
The two USWNT defenders have known since January that they would join the expansion Dash after finishing their stints with Swedish club Tyresö FF. After arriving in Houston earlier this week they took part in their first training session on Tuesday. They already knew some of the Dash players—and thanks to internet live-streaming, they have seen the team in action from afar.
"I've watched a few games—it's hard to catch some when you're in Europe," said Klingenberg. Sweden is seven hours ahead of Texas. "Whenever we were jet-lagged we would sit up and watch and try and keep tabs on the team and see how it's doing, what it was looking like, if we were scoring goals, how the defense is playing. We were just trying to keep up how best we can."
Finally meeting up with her teammates in person, Engen likes what she sees. "It looks like we've got a great team here. I was watching them through the NWSL season and I was really excited to come out today and get on the pitch with them," she said on Tuesday.
"I know a few girls, I've played with Becky Edwards before, I know Erin McLeod from playing against her with Canada, same with Kaylyn Kyle. Kealia Ohai and Kelly McFarlane from [the University of North Carolina]—we never played together but I know who they are, got to keep an eye on the younger classes. I feel like I know the girls, pretty much.
"Since day one I've said that this is a world-class organization and just the communication back and forth has been awesome, I feel like I've been included since day one, and I'm really excited to get on the field with them."
Tyresö reached the final of the UEFA Women's Champions League but lost 4-3 in traumatic fashion on May 22 after leading 2-0 and 3-2 earlier in the contest. The defenders said they have rebounded from that setback and are ready to go. "I got about six days at home to recharge and reenergize myself to come here and give Houston my all," said Engen.
The club from a Stockholm suburb attracted some of the top talent from around the world and Klingenberg says that playing with such a diverse and gifted roster was a valuable experience. "We came together and we could learn something from each of them. It was really probably one of the best things that I've done for my game. And being able to go over there and come back here, play with the Dash, I think it'll be a good opportunity to play a little bit of American soccer again and hopefully we can learn from each other," she said.
Head coach Randy Waldrum is thrilled finally to have the services of two players who figure to be an integral part of the line-up. It is another boost for the Dash after their second win of the season was claimed last Saturday with a battling 2-1 road win over the Western New York Flash.
The pair are expected to make their Dash debuts away to Sky Blue FC in New Jersey on Sunday (5 p.m. CT) but will then miss the next two NWSL games thanks to international duty, as the U.S. has a couple of games against France in mid-June in Florida and Connecticut.
Klingenberg, 25, is a Pittsburgh native and, like Engen, a product of the powerhouse UNC college program. She can play in midfield as well as defense. Both players have recently become regulars on the U.S. roster. Engen, a 26-year-old Californian, has 17 caps—seven of them this year. Half of Klingenberg's 12 senior U.S. appearances have come in 2014.
Waldrum praised Houston's inexperienced defense. "Even though we've not had a clean sheet we've not been blown out of games so I have to give them a lot of credit, they've fought hard and kept us in games," he told reporters at Houston Sports Park. He anticipates that Engen and Klingenberg will act as mentors.
"I think it's a great opportunity for our young players—to have Whitney Engen playing in front of you, if you're Marissa Diggs, is going to go a long way. It's one thing to be coached but it's another to have a player right there with you who's walking you through the process and teaching them how to be a bit more of a pro, and the same thing with Klingenberg, she's so versatile," he said.
Helping the novice professionals is a role that the two internationals are ready to embrace. "I think there's a lot of potential. Whitney and I are excited to be here and join the team because I don't think that potential's been tapped yet. I think we have a lot of talent, have a lot of personalities and are going to work hard. I think that all we need is a little bit of leadership and experience and hopefully Whitney and I are able to bring that to the team and smoothly transition to being part of the team," said Klingenberg.
"I think it'll be good because it'll be good to play with a group of players that's new so we can build our team together around the way that Randy wants to play, and try and get back on track with the win-loss record."
Engen, putting it succinctly, agrees: "We just all get together and start jelling and I think this team has a chance to go pretty far," she said. And after a year of transatlantic flights and a season that took them to the brink of claiming Europe's most prestigious trophy, it is clear the Dash's latest recruits know all about how to handle long journeys.
Tom Dart is a contributing writer to HoustonDynamo.com and HoustonDashSoccer.com. Former editor and reporter for The Times of London and reporter for SI.com, Dart currently freelances for The Guardian.


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Keyboard ALT + g to toggle grid overlay
Now includes AutoCAD toolsets for architecture, MEP, electrical and more
Software for Building Information Modelling
Project planning and review software for AEC professionals
Design in-context with reality capture and 3D scanning
3D design software for modelling, animation and rendering
‣ Attach co-ordination models to a drawing
‣Combine design and construction data
‣Speed up review and verification workflows
Navisworks + AutoCAD
Simplify the co-ordination of various trade drawings during pre-construction.
Navisworks + Revit
Better anticipate potential clash and interference problems, minimising expensive delays and re-work.
Navisworks + ReCap Pro (AU site)
Blend progress scanning with as-designed data for immediate review and co-ordination.
In the construction industry, the breadth of technological change is broadening and the pace is accelerating. Learn how technology is disrupting the way we design, build and operate buildings.


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Devils Peak Rally
Devils Peak Rally is a FREE iOS game, where players race to the top of Devils Peak Mountain. It is for the die-hard, rally-racing fans in the style of classic arcade race games such as Sega rally.
Race against other Player's best recorded races, select your opponent from the Leaderboards.Click Here


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Tell us what you're looking for and we'll match you to the most relevant Hospital Let us do the hard work and save you hours of searching online, across countless different websites. And don't forget, our service is completely FREE with no upfront fees applied – you pay the hospital directly AND you pay the same as if you went directly to them. By submitting your unique requirements to us, you're guaranteeing the best value, priority admission to all our partner Hospitals and through our direct connections, we can get your questions answered as quickly as possible.
There are only two surgical methods to extract follicular grafts from the scalp:
F.U.E and F.U.T.
F.U.T. is a general term that means Follicular Unit Transplant. This term is commonly used when speaking about the surgical Strip Excision technique of harvesting donor hair grafts.
F.U.E. is a form of F.U.T. that uses Follicular Unit Extraction to harvest donor grafts. With FUE, grafts are extracted individually from the donor area using a small 'punch"
We offer BOTH FUE and FUT (strip) options - prices depends on the size of the area as well as the method of extraction (strip vs FUE).
The results are dependent on the area to be transplanted, the extent of hair loss, and the thickness, texture and colour of your donor hair.
Medical Hair Restoration Clinic has over 25 years of hair transplant experience - more than any other hair transplant clinic in South Africa.
The old adage that "if all you have is a hammer then the whole world looks like a nail". Many hair transplant clinics only offer one form of surgery - FUT or FUE. Are you really getting the best option if you aren't able to choose?
The process of restoring the growth of hair from an area where it no longer grows. This is most common for balding men or suffers of Alopecia, however, hair loss can occur for a number of other reasons, including trauma, infection, nutritional deficiencies or chemotherapy. The biggest factor remains as a combination of genetics and age and affects the head. The restoration process requires the removal of hair from a donor site and replacing it at the affected / bald site – hair is harvested using strip harvesting or Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) and it's a minimally invasive procedure.
Use our Request Free Quote function and we'll find it for youHelp me find a clinic
Find top clinics for Hair Restoration in South Africa at the lowest price. Compare costs & reviews of 4 clinics, specialized in Hair Restoration procedures in South Africa.
South Africa is home to some of the world's most luxurious private game reserves and lodges. Wildlife lovers come here from all corners of the globe in search of the "Big Five": lion, buffalo, leopard, rhino, and elephants. Coral reefs, shark dives, dragon-backed mountain ranges, white-water rafting and golden beaches lapped by legendary surf breaks are some of South Africa's many other attractions. Traveling around this vast land and touring the vibrant cities, visitors can learn about the nation's turbulent history. Travelers coming to South Africa for medical treatments do so for cost savings, advanced medical technology, and the internationally qualified and skilled doctors. The country welcomes an ever-increasing number of medical tourists each year, many of which travel for Hair Restoration procedures. Medical Tourists travel from all across the globe, particularly from African countries with an inferior healthcare system. Popular destinations include the capital city, Pretoria, neighboring Johannesburg and the stunning Cape Town.
With more than 57 million inhabitants, South Africa is the world's 24th most populous nation. It is a multiethnic society with a large variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Known for its exhilarating outdoor adventure, fascinating wildlife, magnificent landscapes, and opulent history makes South Africa a truly magical destination
South Africa's climate is determined by its situation in the Southern Hemisphere's subtropical zone and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The country is a year-round destination thanks to its varying regional climates. May to September is the Dry Season with little to no rain. The days are mostly sunny, but it gets cold in the evenings and mornings. The average temperature during this season is around 14 °C with June to August as the coldest months. The wet season starts in October and ends in April. There will be occasional short rain showers in the afternoon. The average temperature during the wet season is around 20 °C, but it can also be as high as 35 °C, especially in December, January, and February.
The main and the busiest airport in South Africa is the O.R. Tambo International Airport. The airport is located in Kempton Park, near Johannesburg and Pretoria. It serves as the primary domestic and international gateway to and from South Africa. The airport operates flights to other cities in South Africa as well as numerous major cities in the world including London, Singapore, Sydney, Abu Dhabi, and Atlanta. There are also two other major international airports: Cape Town International and King Shaka International. The inexpensive way to travel around the country is by flying with budget airlines such as FlySadair, Kalula.com, and Mango.
South Africa has an excellent infrastructure and is easy to navigate. However, if you wish to visit several cities, expect to have at least one long-distance trip. You can travel around by bus, train, or rental car. There are several long-distance bus companies you can choose, such as Intercape, Translux, and Greyhound. The buses are relatively affordable and safe. They are generally equipped with air-conditioning and an onboard toilet. For short-distance travel, Baz Bus is the best choice. A one-way ticket fare starts at around 500 ZAR.
Although trains are slow, they are less expensive than flights and more comfortable than buses. Shosholoza Meyl long-distance trains serve Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Bloemfontein, and several other major cities. This train is very affordable with tickets costing as low as 400 ZAR for a sleeper train. If you're looking for a more luxurious train, try the Blue Train which offers comfortable compartments, good food, and wine for around 18,300 ZAR.
Taxis are available to get around major cities. Tourists can hail one directly from the streets. However, since the taxi ranks are not common, it is best to call for one. The base fare can be different in every city, ranging between 11 ZAR to 20 ZAR.
A valid visa is required if you wish to visit South Africa. Citizens of more than 60 countries can enter and stay for up to 90 days. Other countries not listed in the visa exemption agreement must apply and obtain a visa to the nearest South Africa embassy or consulate. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least 30 days after the expiration of their intended visit, and the passport must have at least two unused pages.
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January 25, 2014NJT-15-008NEWARK, NJ — As this season's first major winter storm moves toward the region, NJ TRANSIT operations, customer service and police personnel are taking steps to minimize delays, and ensure service reliability and safety due to the approaching winter storm. All customers are strongly advised to check njtransit.com before traveling for up-to-the-minute service information before starting their trip.
NJ TRANSIT plans to operate a regular weekday schedule on Monday, January 26 through Wednesday, January 28, however due to the predicted severity of the storm, there is the potential for significant shutdowns of NJ TRANSIT's rail, bus, light rail and Access Link service. Customers are advised to regularly check njtransit.com for the latest service information.
Additionally, Customers are strongly urged to exercise extreme caution traveling in and around all transit facilities and when boarding or alighting buses and trains due to the expected icy conditions.
Systemwide Cross-Honoring in Effect from Monday, January 26 through and including Wednesday, January 28: To give customers additional travel options during the expected winter weather conditions, NJ TRANSIT will offer full systemwide cross-honoring from Monday, January 26 through and including Wednesday, January 28, enabling customers to use their ticket or pass on an alternate travel mode—rail, light rail or bus—including private bus carriers.
For example, customers who normally take the bus from Rutherford to the Port Authority Bus Terminal may use their bus pass or ticket on the train from Rutherford to New York Penn Station. Similarly, customers who normally take the bus between Atlantic City and Lindenwold may use the Atlantic City Rail Line instead at no additional charge. Customers using their tickets or passes to travel to a destination other than the destination printed on their original ticket will be subject to the appropriate additional fare if applicable. NJ TRANSIT will also continue to closely monitor the crowds at New York Penn Station, Hoboken Terminal and the Port Authority Bus Terminal and make adjustments to service as necessary.
The corporation is preparing to minimize disruptions and delays to the extent possible. Rail and light rail crews and equipment are on standby to quickly respond to downed trees, power outages or other issues that may arise. In addition, NJ TRANSIT will be positioning locomotives at strategic locations across the rail system to rapidly respond in the event of a disabled train. Customers are advised of the following:
Travel Advice:
NJ TRANSIT is prepared to handle the impending winter weather:
About NJ TRANSIT
NJ TRANSIT is the nation's largest statewide public transportation system providing more than 915,900 weekday trips on 262 bus routes, three light rail lines, 12 commuter rail lines and through Access Link paratransit service. It is the third largest transit system in the country with 165 rail stations, 62 light rail stations and more than 19,000 bus stops linking major points in New Jersey, New York and Philadelphia.


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I was on blogging leave last week. Not my usual no-writing-today-so-fuck-right-off-and-read-someone-who-cares leave — actual medical leave. I was confined to the hospital for more than a week with acute appendicitis. (Fine thanks, but a word of advice: if you must have your appendix out, do so before it ruptures.) Hospitals are interesting places; hang around one for a few days and you start to believe that Foucault had a point after all. I shall have more to say about them presently, but for the moment I will confine myself to a few preliminary observations.
1. If you want to know when you can expect to be released, consult the Wiki, not your doctor. The average stay for acute appendicitis is about a week. Your doctor will never tell you this, lest he sound too much like an algorithm in an expert system, which can probably outdiagnose him anyway. Best to keep your mouth shut, particularly if you are inclined to ask questions like, "Can you give me a range of dates within which you expect, with 0.9 probability, to release me?" Complaining to my doctor about her vagueness provoked a stern and rather terrifying lecture about how medicine is both an art and a science and each individual case is different. As it turned out, because of her art and my individuality, I spent thirteen more hours in the hospital than the average.
2. Pet therapy appears to be medically certified. One morning I was awoken from a fitful sleep by a mangy griffon called Kindu — I read the name from his official hospital ID, and yes, his department is "Pet Therapy" — who is apparently hauled from bed to bed, to be petted serially. The hygienic implications of this program may not bear scrutiny.
3. Catholic hospitals take their religion more seriously than you might imagine. St. Vincent's has a rather large chapel, although I never saw it occupied. It also employs priests who roam the halls, ostensibly to offer succor. This merely annoys the non-believer; and if I did believe, and were sick in a hospital bed, I wouldn't be in any special hurry to see one either. One of my roommates' guests also thoughtfully took time from his busy schedule to try to bring me to Christ. This, however, was not authorized by the hospital.
4. In Deconstructing Harry, Woody Allen asks the prostitute he has hired how she likes her job and receives the usual reply. "It's funny," he says, "every hooker I meet says it beats the hell out of waitressing. Waitressing must be the worst job in the world."
It's not. Nursing is.
5. Old people spend a really remarkable amount of time discussing "Dancing with the Stars."
In the Seaworld auditorium, waiting for the evening Shamu show.
In the Seaworld auditorium, waiting for the evening Shamu show, watching the wide-screen video. It shows soldiers and firemen, then August Busch III, or maybe IV, representing Anheuser-Busch, the corporate parent. He tells us to honor our heroes, which we do, with applause. A whale trainer, perky, live, asks everyone who has served in the American, Canadian, or British Armed Forces to rise. They do, to more applause. I wonder where Australia went. The video ends and the show begins. Shamu splashes soldier and civilian alike.
Bertha, my server for the evening, points out that she makes the salads. I do not order one.
My ten-year-old niece says that she does not understand me and I scare her.
(After our new Poet Laureate.)
Update: Jim Henley comments. Jim and I have had our disagreements in the past, but we stand to shoulder to shoulder in the unalterable conviction that, as bad a poet as Charles Simic is, Billy Collins is worse, perhaps the worst in human history. Sound and Fury comments.
It is a cherished belief, in all Objectivist as well as certain fellow-traveling circles, that economic interventionism must collapse under its own weight. Here, for instance, is Ludwig von Mises, in Planned Chaos:
Many advocates of interventionism are bewildered when one tells them that in recommending interventionism they themselves are fostering antidemocratic and dictatorial tendencies and the establishment of totalitarian socialism. …
What these people fail to realize is that the various measures they suggest are not capable of bringing about the beneficial results aimed at. On the contrary they produce a state of affairs which from the point of view of their advocates is worse than the previous state which they were designed to alter. If the government, faced with this failure of its first intervention, is not prepared to undo its interference with the market and to return to a free economy, it must add to its first measure more and more regulations and restrictions. Proceeding step by step on this way it finally reaches a point in which all economic freedom of individuals has disappeared. Then socialism of the German pattern, the Zwangswirtschaft of the Nazis, emerges.
Mises has just asserted, on the previous page, that for interventionists "the main thing is not to improve the conditions of the masses, but to harm the entrepreneurs and capitalists." If this is true, it puts his claim that interventionism produces "a state of affairs which from the point of view of [its] advocates is worse than the previous state" in doubt. But what really interests me is the slippery-slope argument that interventionism inherently leads to socialism.
The example Mises chooses to support this thesis is price controls. The government begins by controlling the price of milk. The supply of milk declines, as the marginal producers are driven out of business. This is not what the government wants at all; so it continues by controlling the prices of the factors of milk production. The logic repeats itself a few more times, until we arrive at socialism of the German pattern. Mises, being no mean economist, points out that the government could guarantee milk for poor children more effectively by buying it at the market price and giving it away or selling it at a loss. The populace pays for this in taxes, of course, and you might end up with a black market in milk, but it surely beats price controls. Yet this policy is interventionism, just as price controls are. Does socialism emerge in either case? Or do only particularly stupid forms of interventionism produce the slippery slope?
The Objectivists, as is their wont, go a good deal further. Only Objectivism itself can halt the long, slow slide of the mixed economy into slavery. The go-to guy for over-the-top Objectivist pronouncements is not Ayn Rand herself but her "intellectual heir," Leonard Peikoff. His book The Ominous Parallels is notable as the only work of German historiography ever written by someone who cannot read German. It also contains this gem:
No one can predict the form or timing of the catastrophe that will befall this country if our direction is not changed. No one can know what concatenation of crises, in what progression of steps and across what interval of years, would finally break the nation's spirit and system of government. No one can know whether such a breakdown would lead to an American dictatorship directly — or indirectly, after a civil war and/or foreign war and/or protracted Dark Ages of primitive roving gangs.
What one can know is only this much: the end result of the country's present course is some kind of dictatorship; and the cultural-political signs for many years now have been pointing increasingly to one kind in particular. The signs have been pointing to an American form of Nazism. …
There is only one antidote to today's trend: a new, pro-reason philosophy.
This new pro-reason philosophy, of course, would be Objectivism. Now I think we can agree that in the twenty-five years since this passage was written two things have not happened. Objectivism has not swept the country, and American-style Nazis have not taken over the government. (Anyone who thinks the Bush gang counts needs to acquaint himself with the real Nazis.)
We have had approximately steady-state interventionism in the United States for a long time. Federal spending has hovered around 20% of GDP since the Second World War — no matter who was President, no matter which party controlled Congress, no matter what. Naturally there has been a great deal of expensive tinkering. The airlines are regulated, then deregulated. Savings and loans are encouraged, through insurance, to invest in risky propositions and then, after they lose hundreds of billions, enjoined from doing so. Liberty advances, when the draft is eliminated; and retreats, when the state sponsors offshore torture and suspends habeas corpus for citizens who are classified as "enemy combatants." On the one hand the Fairness Doctrine is scrapped. On the other Draconian regulations are imposed in quasi-public spaces like offices, stores, and restaurants. To call these changes marginal would be an exaggeration; to call them a lurch toward fascism would be absurd.
Peikoff hastens to say that neither he nor anyone else can predict "the form or timing" of the coming dictatorship. Mises, similarly, disassociates himself from historical determinism, saying that the socialist tide can be stemmed with "common sense and moral courage," which does not appear to be in any greater supply now than it was then. Their belief, in other words, commits them to nothing whatever. Barring an unlikely sudden upsurge of Objectivism, common sense, or moral courage, Peikoff and Mises are, epistemologically, on all fours with Christians who await the Rapture.
As Eliezer Yudkowsky puts the matter:
The rationalist virtue of empiricism consists of constantly asking which experiences our beliefs predict — or better yet, prohibit. Do you believe that phlogiston is the cause of fire? Then what do you expect to see happen, because of that? Do you believe that Wulky Wulkinsen is a post-utopian? Then what do you expect to see because of that? No, not "colonial alienation"; what experience will happen to you? Do you believe that if a tree falls in the forest, and no one hears it, it still makes a sound? Then what experience must therefore befall you?
It is even better to ask: what experience must not happen to me? Do you believe that elan vital explains the mysterious aliveness of living beings? Then what does this belief not allow to happen — what would definitely falsify this belief? A null answer means that your belief does not constrain experience; it permits anything to happen to you. It floats.
When you argue a seemingly factual question, always keep in mind which difference of anticipation you are arguing about. If you can't find the difference of anticipation, you're probably arguing about labels in your belief network — or even worse, floating beliefs, barnacles on your network. If you don't know what experiences are implied by Wulky Wilkinsen being a post-utopian, you can go on arguing about it forever. (You can also publish papers about it forever.)
Above all, don't ask what to believe — ask what to anticipate. Every question of belief should flow from a question of anticipation, and that question of anticipation should be the center of the inquiry. Every guess of belief should begin by flowing to a specific guess of anticipation, and should continue to pay rent in future anticipations. If a belief turns deadbeat, evict it.
Consider this an eviction notice.
The odor from the stinkbomb that Colby Cosh lobbed at The Sopranos has wafted hither. T.S. Eliot notoriously remarked that the only method of the critic is to be very intelligent. This doesn't help the writer much, but it saves the reader all kinds of time, allowing him to skip, say, the critical efforts of Brian Williams, the noted newsreader. Williams, to be fair, is terrifically game about the whole business, and one must admire him, in the way Dr. Johnson admired a woman preaching.
By the same standard, we are obliged to treat Colby's comments seriously:
I haven't seen very many episodes of The Sopranos over the years — only just enough to know that it was a derivative show universally praised for its originality, and an amazingly slackly-written show universally praised for its tight writing.
David Chase is supposed to have had the whole thing pretty well sketched out in his godlike genius brain right from the get-go, and if you can believe that while fumbling with the loose ends of two dozen plot threads, you'll believe it was incredibly inventive to have a mob boss living in a New Jersey suburban neighbourhood in the guise of a waste-management executive. (Did the producers ever just go ahead and actually put a "DARK UNDERBELLY OF THE AMERICAN DREAM LOCATED HERE–NO FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY" sign on the front lawn of Casa Soprano?)
Here Colby has forgotten the second, implied part of Eliot's injunction: to be very intelligent while practicing criticism. Yes, the big theme of the show is unmissable, like many big themes. Their size makes them relatively easy to spot. Let's try a few. Emma: people must discover their happiness for themselves. Lost Illusions: success and merit are weakly correlated. The Brothers Karamazov: Christianity or moral chaos, the choice is yours. The Man Without Qualities: I, Robert Musil, am the cleverest man in the world.
Two of these are obvious. Two are false. Yet the books are all very much worth reading. Such merit as they have must lie elsewhere.
The Sopranos's big theme markedly resembles that of The Great Gatsby, though I for one am thankful to be spared a shot of James Gandolfini floating face-down in his swimming pool. Yet anyone who leveled the "no flash photography" charge at Fitzgerald would be missing the point. You read The Great Gatsby for the beautiful shirts and the voice full of money, the cufflinks of Meyer Wolfsheim and the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg, Jordan Baker cheating at golf and young Jimmy Gatz studying electricity from 7:15 to 8:15 every morning.
Details from The Sopranos adhere to your consciousness in the same way. A witness is gung-ho to testify in a murder case, until he finds out the perp is Tony Soprano. In the scene in which he changes his mind, the book he's reading is Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Tony's dreadful mother dies, and his dreadful sister conducts the wake by going around the room and insisting that each guest dredge up a pleasant memory. In the very top of the frame Uncle Junior enters the room, has no idea what's going on except that he wants nothing to do with it, and bolts up the stairs. Or in the last season, we have Junior again, now confined to an asylum for the criminally insane, running a poker game for imaginary stakes in a parody of his mob life, itself a parody of legitimate business. Yet to Junior and his young MIT-educated Chinese underling, life in the asylum is the only life there is, and the parody gradually grows earnest. None of these bits advance the main plot threads in the slightest. You watch the show, in short, for what John Crowe Ransom used to call "texture."
"Slackly written" is an epithet, and you can't win a wrestling match with an epithet. Certainly for many episodes, and a couple entire seasons, like Five and Six, "slack" is a charitable term. Eighty hours of television, even some of the best television that has ever been, will have its slow spots. In this The Sopranos resembles every epic work of art ever produced by man. You don't want to read the theory of history with which Tolstoy concludes War and Peace or Victor Hugo's hymn to the sewers of Paris in Les Miserables either, believe me.
The Sopranos went on too long because most of its characters were not intelligent enough to trace story arcs — more like lazy circles. Christopher goes on drugs, goes off drugs, goes on drugs again, goes off the road while on drugs. Carmela threatens to leave Tony, doesn't, finally does, returns, threatens to leave again, sticks this time. A.J. does stupid shit, grows older, does really stupid shit. Everyone ends up as he began, or dead. This is what makes it inferior to Deadwood and The Wire. And this is the criticism that Colby might have made and did not, because to make it requires watching more episodes than "not very many."
Richard Widmark sneers.
Thelma Ritter finks, sells ties.
Audience nods off.
Alas for Fritz Lang,
direction translates poorly
from the German.
Is it possible?
An Altman fanboy favorite
that can be sat through?
The TV is clear
of dust where the red envelope
has lain three weeks.
Brian Doherty's Radicals for Capitalism is a comprehensive, highly entertaining history of libertarianism with too many points of interest — Murray Rothbard's solution to the free rider problem ("so what?"), Milton Friedman's sterling character, The Unbearable Lightness of Being a Deontologist — to deal with in a single post. Instead I want to talk about the notes.
Radicals for Capitalism is a scholarly, though not an academic, book, and like many such books it does plenty of business in the notes. Not as much as some, like Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemies, in which the notes are longer than the text, but enough. For instance, my friend (and frequent commenter) Jim Valliant's book on the Brandens, The Passion of Ayn Rand's Critics, receives a half-page treatment in the endnotes, but none in the text. Out of 2,000 notes, there are 400 or so that you want to read; the rest are simple source citations.
Doherty's notes receive the standard treatment, which is to say the worst possible. The notes are renumbered by chapter, but each page of notes is headed, usefully, "Notes"; the chapter titles occur only on the beginning page of the notes for that chapter. To look up an endnote, then, you have to remember the number, remember the chapter number, flip to the notes section, locate the beginning page of the correct chapter, and then flip forward to the right note number, only to be disappointed most of the time with a mere source cite. (Admittedly it would be more efficient to use a bookmark, but I never have one handy, and they tend to fall out. At any rate, the necessity confesses design failure.)
Yet this is all so simple to fix. There are five rules for notes:
1. Footnotes, provided they are short and sparse, are better than endnotes. They can be consulted immediately and without effort. Obviously in a book like Doherty's endnotes are necessary.
2. Each endnote page should be headed by the page numbers of the notes it contains, to facilitate easy flipping. For example, "Notes, pp. 537-558"; not "Notes: Chapter Seven," or "Notes: A Stupid Chapter Title That I've Forgotten and Now You're Gonna Make Me Look It Up," or, God forbid, "Notes."
3. Notes should not be numbered. Numbers tax the reader needlessly, especially when they reach three figures. They should be marked by a symbol in the text, something like this◊ or this•. In the back they should be referenced by the page number and the last few words of the passage that they annotate, which are the easiest things to remember.
It would be especially helpful to use two symbols, to distinguish substantive comments from simple citations, telling the reader when to flip to the back and when not to bother. I have never seen this in a scholarly book, and I wonder why.
4. The notes must be indexed. In Doherty's book they are not. Had Jim Valliant gone looking for himself in the index, as I am assured august persons are wont to do, he would have come up empty. Why make trouble for Jim? If he merits a substantive mention, he also merits an index entry. I realize this is extra work. I expect extra work for my thirty-five bones, now marked down to $23.10, plus shipping.
5. The text should contain as little scholarly detritus as possible. Academic books often include source citations in the text, which avails the author the opportunity to look more erudite and avails the reader nothing, since if he wants to look up the source he has to consult the biblliography anyway. If the book has endnotes, that's where the source cites belong.
A brilliant exception to this rule is Jacques Barzun's From Dawn to Decadence, which contains no specific source cites, only an occasional parenthesis, when discussing a topic, that "the book to read is…" or "the book to browse in is…" If you are a nonagenarian and the world's preeminent living intellectual, you can write like that. The rest of us cannot afford to be so peremptory. Still, Barzun's asides have furthered my education, which is more than I can say for the usual uncommented bibliography.
◊Yes, a circle would be better. I can't get a circle the right size using HTML character codes. Sorry.
•Yes, a larger bullet would be better. See above. I trust you get the idea.
Update: Another intransigent opponent of endnotes, Billy Beck, heard from. I thank him for his recommendation of the Zerby book, which I will look up. Kieran Healy comments. Andrew Gelman comments. James Joyner comments. Evan Hughes comments.
Our Girl in Chicago, Laura Demanski, has roused me from my torpor by asking for an interpretation of Philip Larkin's Spring. She might want to quote the whole sonnet instead of its last six lines. Fourteen consecutive lines of verse will probably not tax most readers unduly. Larkin was an accomplished and rigorous editor of his own poems, and if he had wanted the octet omitted he might have thought to do so himself.
Green-shadowed people sit, or walk in rings,
Their children finger the awakened grass,
Calmly a cloud stands, calmly a bird sings,
And, flashing like a dangled looking-glass,
Sun lights the balls that bounce, the dogs that bark,
The branch-arrested mist of leaf, and me,
Threading my pursed-up way across the park,
An indigestible sterility.
Spring, of all seasons most gratuitous,
Is fold of untaught flower, is race of water,
Is earth's most multiple, excited daughter;
And those she has least use for see her best,
Their paths grown craven and circuitous,
Their visions mountain-clear, their needs immodest.
The last three words baffle Laura; we will come to them presently. She cites a "reading" of the poem (which also quotes it only in part) that sheds no light on them.
I'd read lots of odes to Spring in my time but none that contained his piquant blend of lyricism and discontent. How often had I not felt that nature was doing its beautiful best but that my mood or circumstances simply didn't match it? All of us must, at some time, have felt out of harmony with nature. The line 'And those she has least use for see her best' acknowledges the paradox that if one's life were on a par with all that Spring represents, Spring would not be noticeable except as an accompaniment to one's own blossoming. We see it so clearly because the contrast with our own state is so marked.
This is less a reading than a view from 10,000 feet, and none too clear at that. The theme of Spring is the radical discontinuity between conscious and subconscious or unconscious life, to which a phrase like "if one's life were on a par with all that Spring represents" scarcely does justice. The poem is not a description of an unspringlike "mood," and the "contrast with [his] own state" is incidental. The poet sees spring clearly because he possesses intellect, which is "indigestible," sterile, unnatural. It is the subject of the poem, although the word never appears. Thinking humans feel "out of harmony with nature" because they are out of harmony with nature.
The theme is not original with Larkin. One finds it in many of the tougher poets — in Emily Dickinson (What mystery pervades a well), in Tristan Corbière (La Rapsode Foraine et la Pardon de Sainte-Anne: "L'innocent est près du ciel"), and in Yvor Winters (A Summer Commentary), among others.
The details in the octet are carefully managed. Nothing is at eye level. Larkin starts on the ground, with people sitting, walking, fingering the grass. "Walk in rings" is literally what people do in parks; it also connotes aimlessness, subconsciousness, mere existence. In the third line the poet shifts his attention upward, to the "calmly" standing cloud and singing bird. The adverb is chosen advisedly: their calm is the calm of belonging, as he himself, in his "pursed-up way," does not. The light of the sun in the fifth line directs one's attention to the ground again, to the bouncing balls and barking dogs, and then suddenly we encounter the striking "branch-arrested mist of leaf," as if the poet were looking upside-down at the tree, growing out of the sky, leaves first, instead of the ground. With all of this back-and-forth between earth and sky, "threading," in line seven, becomes peculiarly apt.
Lines nine through eleven, with their "piquant" description of the season, have made the poem famous. Such piquancy as they have arises from their continuation of the theme. Spring is "gratuitous" in both the primary and secondary senses. It spawns life — excited, multiple — in a way no other season does, for nothing, gratuitously. (The container, spring, is "excited," while the contained, the cloud and the bird, are calm.) At the same time, for the poet, spring is also gratuitous, unnecessary — just grist for the conscious mill. "Untaught flower" emphasizes, again, the unbridgeable barrier between thought and not-thought.
In his summary Larkin ironically chooses another nature metaphor, "mountain-clear," to describe his apartness from nature. One never breaks away entirely. The poet walks in the park too. By now the "immodest needs" should be clear. Spring, for him, will not suffice: it is not enough to breathe and bark and sing and caper. His vocabulary is equally immodest: he treads — threads — "circuitous paths"; those whom the season "has use for" merely walk in rings. Larkin finds this conclusion too grandiose for the feeling of the poem, and he undercuts it with a rhythmic trick. The last line has eleven syllables and rhymes on its feminine ending, giving the impression of trailing off in a mumble. Immodesty, put as modestly as possible.
Update: Laura is not a dullard. She has written a vast deal of entertaining and informative prose, which is not what dullards do. One does not suddenly become a dullard by failing to quote the octet.
Begin with a data set, preferably one in which many people are interested. Let's say, World Series results from 1903 to the present.
Now ask a question about the data, one that should be easy to answer with a highly simplified model. Our question will be: have World Series teams, historically, been evenly matched?
Our model will ignore home-field advantage. In baseball the home team wins 53% or 54% of the time; nonetheless, we will assume that each team has a probability of 0.5 of winning each game. This gives the following expected probabilities for a best-of-seven series running four, five, six, or seven games:
Remember that if the model is too simple to fit the data, you can clean the data. Since 1903, the World Series has been played every year but two. There were a few best-of-nine series and a few more that included ties, which are too complicated to deal with. Throw them out. This leaves 95 series. Draw up a little chart comparing actual and expected probabilities, like so:
|Possible outcomes
Now answer your own question. If the teams were evenly matched, the results would hew reasonably closely to the expected probabilities from the model. In fact there are anomalies. There are always anomalies. The World Series has been swept 17 times, five more than the model would predict. Plug this into the BINOMDIST function in Excel. (Understanding how this function works is optional and may in some cases be a disadvantage.) You find that, if the probabilities in the model were correct, there would be 17 or more sweeps in 95 occurrences only 8% of the time. A rotten break: you're three lousy percent under statistical significance. But that aside, eleven of those were won by the team with the better regular-season record, several by teams considered among the all-time greats, including the 1927, 1939 and 1998 Yankees. That probably means something. On the other hand, the team that held the American League record for wins before 1998, the 1954 Indians, was swept by the Giants. Conclude judiciously that, on the whole, the data imply an occasional mismatch.
Look for any bonus anomalies. It doesn't matter if they have nothing to do with your original question. Our data set turns up a nice one; the series went to seven games 34 out of 95 times — five too many, according to the model. This would occur randomly, assuming correct probabilities, only 20% of the time.
Damn, we've missed out on statistical significance again. Instead of looking at how often the series went seven, we can look at how often the team behind 3-2 won the sixth game. 34 out of 57, a somewhat more unusual result. Plug it back into BINOMDIST: we're down to 9%, which is close but not close enough.
It has become inconvenient to look at the entire data set; let's take just a chunk of it, say, 1945 to 2002. In those 58 years the World Series lasted seven games 27 times, which would happen by chance a mere 1% of the time. Furthermore, the team behind 3-2 won the sixth game 27 of 39 times; again, a 1% chance. Statistical significance at last!
Next, concoct plausible explanations for your new, statistically significant anomaly. Maybe the team that is behind plays harder, with their backs against the wall. Maybe they use all of their best pitchers, holding nothing in reserve for the seventh game. Maybe the team that is ahead chokes and cannot close it out.
Under no circumstances should you test these explanations. In the World Series the team that won Game Six also won Game Seven 18 times out of 34 — not likely if they had squandered their resources to win Game Six. In basketball, in the NBA Finals, the team that led 3-2 won Game Six 26 times out of 45. This is the opposite of what we found in baseball, in a sport that rewards hard play more and is far more conducive to choking, as anyone knows who has tried to shoot a free throw in a big game. In other words, your explanations, though plausible, are false. The result is probably due to random variation. This should not discourage you from completing your article. Write up your doubts in a separate note several months later.
Finally, check the literature to make sure your idea is original. If it isn't, which is likely, mention your predecessor prominently in your acknowledgements, and include a footnote in which you pick a few nits.
Submit to suitable journals. Repeat unto death, or tenure, whichever comes first.
Update: Actual professional statisticians comment. Evolgen, who may or may not be a professional statistician, comments.
"Sentence first — verdict afterwards," says the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland; and the trial of the Knave of Hearts has justly remained the literary standard for injustice, since the book's publication in 1869.
Being an idiot, I thought the expression originated with Lewis Carroll, until last night. I was reading Macaulay's 1830 essay on Lord Byron, and ran across the following passage, on Byron's failed marriage: "True Jedwood justice was dealt out to him. First came the execution, then the investigation, and last of all, or rather not at all, the accusation." The term "Jedwood justice," also new to me, implied that the concept is proverbial, and led to a slightly earlier citation, in 1828, from Walter Scott's Fair Maid of Perth: "Jedwood justice — hang in haste and try at leisure."
Jedwood (or Jedburgh) justice, it turns out, goes under various aliases: Cupar (or Cowper) justice, Halifax law, Abingdon law, and Lydford law. Cupar and Halifax are dead-ends. A Major-General Brown, of Abingdon, is supposed to have hanged his prisoners and then tried them, but Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable appears to be the sole authority for the Major-General's existence.
Lydford proves more fertile. Chambers' Book of Days cites an "old English proverb": "First hang and draw, then leave the cause to Lydford Law." He also quotes a poem, by the early 17th century poet William Browne, in Lydford's defense:
I oft have heard of Lydford Law,
How in the morn they hang and draw,
And sit in judgment after:
At first I wondered at it much;
But since, I find the reason such,
As it deserves no laughter.
They have a castle on a hill;
I took it for an old wind-mill,
The vanes blown off by weather.
To lie therein one night, 'tis guessed
'Twere better to be stoned and pressed,
Or hanged, now chose you whether.
Ten men less room within this cave,
Than five mice in a lantern have,
The keepers they are sly ones.
If any could devise by art
To get it up into a cart,
'Twere fit to carry lions.
When I beheld it, Lord! thought I,
What justice and what clemency
Rath Lydford when I saw all!
I know none gladly there would stay,
But rather hang out of the way,
Than tarry for a trial!
Browne lived in Tavistock, a neighboring town in West Devon, and he knew what he was talking about: Lydford prison was described in 1512 as "one of the most heinous, contagious, and detestable places in the realm" (here's a rather bucolic picture of the ruins). Depending on how long one had to tarry for a trial, Browne's reasoning may have been sound as well. It is amusing at the very least.
My patchy scholarship, abetted by some desultory Googling, can take me no further. Can my readers supply earlier citations, in English or another language?
Update: You can tell me or you can tell Language Hat.
Albert Hirschman has many fans at the arbiter of all things serious, Crooked Timber. Tyler Cowen, in one of his fitful attempts to shore up his left-wing cred, praised Hirschman as deserving of the Nobel Prize in Economics and The Rhetoric of Reaction as "a brilliant study in intellectual self-deception." Good enough! I ordered up my copy and prepared to be edified.
The Rhetoric of Reaction proposes a taxonomy, or really a nosology, of arguments frequently employed by reactionaries. It begins with T.H. Marshall's Class, Citizenship, and Social Development and its convenient, if schematic, tripartite division of "the development of citizenship" in the West. According to Marshall, first there were civil rights (freedom of religion, speech, and thought); then political rights (universal suffrage); and finally economic rights (the welfare state). Marshall allots these three developments a century apiece — the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth, respectively. They are "progressive." Whoever opposes any of them is "reactionary."
If that's all it takes, then count me in: I won't defend universal suffrage, let alone the welfare state. I take solace in my distinguished and eclectic company. Hirschman's reactionaries range from monarchists like Maistre and Burke to flaming socialists like Mosca and Pareto to welfare state critics like Friedman, Hayek, and Charles Murray, who get an especially raw deal. Friedman, who proposed a negative income tax, and Murray, with his similar grand scheme to replace the welfare state, cannot be fairly characterized as intransigently opposed to "reform." Violence is being committed on the terms "reactionary" and "reformer."
But to make a neat taxonomy you have to break a few eggs, and Hirschman's is very neat indeed. We reactionaries, Hirschman says, argue against a proposed "reform" in three ways. The policy will do the opposite of what was intended (perversity). The policy will do nothing at all (futility). The policy will do other damage unrelated to its ends (jeopardy).
Hirschman's categories are also more fluid than he acknowledges; the identical argument must be reclassified depending on how the reformer defines his ends. Take gun control. An opponent — the "reactionary" — might, and probably will, argue that it will prevent homeowners from defending themselves. This will reduce the risk to criminals, and thus crime will increase. If the advocate — the "reformer" — defines his end as reducing crime, we have a perversity argument. If he defines his end as reducing household gun accidents, we have a jeopardy argument. Hell, if the reformer defines his end as protecting innocent homeowners, and the additional homeowners who are shot by robbers cancel the ones who no longer shoot themselves, we might even have a futility argument. But it's the same argument.
Still, Hirschman is on to something here. Jeopardy, futility, and perversity are all variations on unintended consequences, a traditionally rich field for ironists, and his thesis goes a long way toward explaining why "progressives" are so excruciatingly sincere:
There has been a certain lack of balance in the recurring debates between progressives and conservatives: in the effective use of the potent weapon of irony, conservatives have had a clear edge over progressives. In [Tocqueville's] hands [the French Revolution] begins to look naive and absurd, rather than infamous and sacrilegious — the predominant characterization conveyed by earlier critics such as Maistre and Bonald. This aspect of the conservatives' attitude toward their opponents was also reflected by the German term Weltverbesserer (world improver), which evokes someone who has taken on far too much and is bound to end up as a ridiculous failure…. In general, a skeptical, mocking attitude toward progressives' endeavors and likely achievements is an integral and highly effective component of the modern conservative stance.
I once read a news item about an oil-slick cleanup, it might have been the Exxon Valdez spill, I can't remember. Countless mammals and birds are scrubbed; vast trouble is taken. Finally all is ready: the cosmetologists gather on the beach, and a freshly shampooed otter is ceremoniously released into the sea. It swims to the crest of the first wave, where it is promptly eaten by a killer whale. If you laugh, you are a reactionary.
Of course it is funny. But so what? Maybe the otter ran into extremely bad luck. Maybe so many animals were rescued, and so efficiently, that a few meals for Shamu made no difference. Perhaps what really makes a reactionary is that he finds this story not only funny, but a dispositive argument against oil-slick cleanups. I owe this thought to Hirschman, and it is enough to make me glad to have read the book. "Reactionaries" pride themselves on deep thinking and "hard-headed realism" the same way "progressives" pride themselves on moral superiority, and often with no more justification. Not all reforms fail, and not all unintended consequences are bad. It is salutary to be reminded to cast out the beam from your own eye before beholding the mote in your adversary's.
But Hirschman has broader aims:
There has indeed been a more basic intent: to establish some presumption, through the demonstration of repetition in basic argument, that the standard "reactionary" reasoning, as here exhibited, is frequently faulty….
A general suspicion of overuse of the arguments is aroused by the demonstration that they are invoked time and again almost routinely to cover a wide variety of real situations. The suspicion is heightened when it can be shown, as I have attempted to do in the preceding pages, that the arguments have considerable intrinsic appeal because they hitch onto powerful myths (Hubris-Nemesis, Divine Providence, Oedipus) and influential interpretive formulas (ceci tuera cela, zero-sum) or because they cast a flattering light on their authors and provide a boost for their egos. In view of these extraneous attractions, it becomes likely that the standard reactionary these will often be embraced regardless of their fit.
Hirschman does not establish, beyond noting the similarity in the stories, that the perversity and futility theses "hitch onto" Oedipus and Hubris-Nemesis. And even if they do, where did the myths themselves originate? Isn't it likely that both Oedipus and the argument from perversity, both Hubris-Nemesis and the argument from futility, originate in observed facts about events?
And his taxonomy is too comprehensive to sustain the charge of overuse. Throw out perversity, futility, and jeopardy, and what's left? A reform's ends are always noble, in the eyes of the reformers. Would Hirschman prefer that reactionaries argue against liberty, democracy, a minimal living for the poor, or clean air? When Charles Fourier tells us that socialism will raise the human average to the level of a Goethe or an Aristotle, should we reply that we prefer the human average as it is? Hirschman professes disappointment in the reactionaries: "Instead of the rich historical argumentation to which I was looking forward, the purveyors of the jeopardy claim, from Robert Lowe to Samuel Huntington, have often satisfied with simple affirmations of the ceci-tuera-cela [this will kill that] type." The arguments in which, by implication, he thinks reactionaries ought to engage would really let him down.
Hirschman is much given to ironizing about the reactionary propensity to ironize. He surely appreciates the irony that his likely audience, "progressives," will find nothing but confirmation for its beliefs. Few "reactionaries," who could profit from the book, will ever read it.
Post scripta: It does not bear directly on Hirschman's thesis, but the casual dishonesty of some of the footnotes is shocking in a scholar of his reputation. He writes of Gustave Le Bon, the author of The Crowd: "His basic principle being that the crowd is always benighted, he makes it apply with remarkable consistency, regardless of the constituents of the crowd and of their characteristics as individuals: 'the vote of 40 academicians is no better than that of 40 water carriers' he wrote, thereby managing to insult in passing the French academy with its forty members, an elite body from which he resentfully felt himself excluded."
There is a footnote after "excluded," which simply refers to the passage from The Crowd that he quotes, supplying no evidence for Le Bon's alleged resentment. Hirschman must know that the note belongs directly after the quoted passage. By placing it where he does he bolsters, with an irrelevant citation, an unsupported slur.
Here is Hirschman later in the same chapter, on the 1834 Poor Law Amendment: "…the new arrangements were meant to deter the poor from resorting to public assistance and to stigmatize those who did by 'imprisoning [them] in workhouses, compelling them to wear special garb, separating them from their families, cutting them off from communication with the poor outside, and, when they died, permitting their bodies to be disposed of for dissection.'"
Hirschman intends the reader to take the quotation at face value, as a factual description of the effect of the Amendment. But the footnote, at the end of the passage, is to Gertrude Himmelfarb's classic The Idea of Poverty: England in the Early Industrial Age. The note says, accurately, that Himmelfarb is summarizing William Cobbett. The note does not say that Cobbett was one of the most vigorous contemporary opponents of the Amendment; neither does it say that Himmelfarb spends her next five pages qualifying and disputing him. The very page Hirschman quotes has a note of its own: "Cobbett was especially outraged by the practice of dissection, which he took to be the ultimate degradation and desecration caused by the New Poor Law. This was not, of course, part of the law, and it is not clear how common it was for workhouses to dispose of bodies for this purpose. But it was widely believed to be the case, partly because of Cobbett's repeated charges to this effect."
I hope Hirschman footnotes his works in economics, the ones that merit the Nobel Prize, more correctly.


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Checking out afew houses in Sydney north coast. Cant afford it today. But nothing preventing me from doing the impossible if I have a good woman behind me.
They say, "behind every great man is a great woman."
Life as a carbon-based life form; a journey of building on success and learning from mistakes.
Checking out afew houses in Sydney north coast. Cant afford it today. But nothing preventing me from doing the impossible if I have a good woman behind me.
They say, "behind every great man is a great woman."
Found myself another cool leather jacket to ride around over this hot summer.
Playing two games of Chinese chess against my uncle. Legend has it.Once upon a time, war is about to break out between two Dynasties. Both have equally power.
Rather than raging war against each others, creating suffering among their people, they are willing to settle their differences through a game of chess. It was said he who has better strategy will ruled both Kingdoms.
2006 Cho tet at Warrick Farm. Its still fun for me because I'm helping out backstage, but I get lonely each year as more and more of my close friends are getting marry or settling down.
Kim Beazley, his wife and many major public servants were there.
Drop by Chinatown after training for lunch.
Cannabis plantation outdoor method. Its a fact that cannabis love plenty of sun and water. So I kept mine in the fish tank with continuous supply of water and full exposure to the sun!
In Australia each person is allow to grow one cannabis tree for personal use (opse I have three). If you get caught, you'll be prompt with a civil penalty, most cases its just paying a monetary fines.
I buy all my work and casual wear from one designer. I got 2-3 of the same shirts in my favourite colour, then I wear them continuously for 3 weeks, that makes me a BORING kinda guy.
It's getting harder and harder to find these shirts, because they had stopped making this label.
Sin City, I love that movie. So I got my hand on the recut-extended-unrated two-disc deluxe with the graphic novel included.
Spending the last day of my three weeks annual leave driving to the wreckers buying parts for my car and putting them together.
Visiting Anthony's newsagent. He said the owner of the post office in Canley Vale is planning to put it on the market for a cool $420,000.00. If I could, I want to put up my house, my car and my bike up as securities to purchase that post office. Average income from the post office is $1500.00 a week after all expenses are paid.
They say, "your first million is always the hardest."
For financial security reason I want to have two source of incomes. Sometimes I wish there is more of me, so I can maintain a day job and the other me can run off managing the business.
Chinese New Year dragon boat races, the most important day in our VADB racing calendar. We had our first women-team this year, and we kick arses! Then we had the usual men-open and mixed-team. Unfortunately no trophy this year, but we all have a pocket-full of fun memories.
Happy birthday Hong Anh. Happy birthday Clarissa and Anthony at Martin Place Bar (Bamboo).
I'm helping to make a different by donating my time and money to Operation Smile this year.
The way Amy show her care reminds me what a beautiful world we live in, a sweet romantic place. But dont tell her that.
Stupid Valentine's day.
Pay bonus, I'm not at all impress with the amount they offered, or maybe nothing thrill me anymore.
I wont sit around waiting for the next pay review in 6 months time. I'm moving on to another company.
Waking up drunk with sand in my hair and between my toes at Bondi beach. We watch the sunrise before driving back to Thu's appartment at Central.
I feel kinda bad diggin' out on the boys to get pissed with Mark and the girls.
Playing beach volleyball at Manly.
If I'm a single dad, I'll raise my kids up in Bondi.
Work. Beer. Snooker. Boys night out, we hit a Korean joint.
She said her name is Tracy.
I heard about one of my little sister's friend drowned when he got caught in a rip, poor kid.
Rip is nothing but a strong current that flow out into the sea. When caught in a rip, you shouldnt fight current, instead swim parallel to the shoreline to escape it.
Reminds me of that time we went spear-fishing.
If they offer me a good package, I will move to Melbourne for a couple of years.
"I make the most of all that comes, and the least of all that goes." - Sarah Teasdale
On the last day of summer... Reckless Republic throw a beach party, thanks for the invite Warren! Wicked party man! The best I ever been.
Chillin' out with David and the girls.
2 hours of sleep, then get up Scotty! time to get slaughter at skirmish.
Hit the beach afterward to soak the wounds.
She hits me for smoking too much. Then she turn around to kiss me because I promised to cut down on cigarettes - this girl is like a rollercoaster ride baby, baby.
I should quit smoking, less drinking and looking after myself abit more this year.
I signed up membership with Medibank Private health cover for singles. As of today I'm covered for hospital basics, dental, optical and physiotherapy access. The Federal Goverment subsidies 1.0% of my gross income towards my health covers simply for being a high-income earner - Free health cover, pay less tax, its a pretty damn good country if you ask me.


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Personalized NFL Bar Sign
$ 89.99
Got an armchair quarterback in your life? If so, he'll love this personalized officially licensed NFL Pub Sign touting his place as the official headquarters for fans like him. Featuring the name and genuine NFL logo of any professional football team, this sign can hang by his favorite chair, in the den, or behind the bar. A perfect Father's Day present or groomsmen gift for the football fan, it features the last name of the recipient.
- Includes a custom black, beveled 23" x 19" wood frame and 3" mat with acrylic front, it matches any décor
- Photo measures16" x 20"
- Personalize the Pub name with up to 12 characters and add the proprietor's name of up to 18 characters


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SEC642: Advanced Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Waitlist
Mon, November 26 - Sat, December 1, 2012
I really enjoyed the SharePoint and WP exercises in SEC642. I've never had a chance to exploit their vulnerabilities.
I would definitely recommend SEC642 to my colleagues. It's a very useful course for penetration testers.
This course is designed to teach you the advanced skills and techniques required to test web applications today. This advanced pen testing course uses a combination of lecture, real-world experiences, and hands-on exercises to educate the you in the techniques used to test the security of enterprise applications. The final day of the course culminates in a Capture the Flag (CtF) event, which tests the knowledge you will have acquired the previous five days.
We will begin by exploring specific techniques and attacks to which applications are vulnerable. These techniques and attacks use advanced ideas and skills to exploit the system through various controls and protections. This learning will be accomplished through lectures and exercises using real world applications.
We will then explore encryption as it relates to web applications. You will learn how encryption works as well as techniques to identify the type of encryption in use within the application. Additionally, you will learn methods for exploiting or abusing this encryption, again through lecture and labs.
The next day of class will focus on how to identify web application firewalls, filtering, and other protection techniques. You will then learn methods to bypass these controls in order to exploit the system. You'll also gain skills in exploiting the control itself to further the evaluation of the security within the application.
Following these general exploits, you will learn techniques that target specific enterprise applications. You will attack systems such as content management and ticketing systems. We will explore the risks and flaws found within these systems and how to better exploit them. This part of the course will also include web services and mobile applications due to their prevalence within modern organizations.
This information packed advanced pen testing course will wrap up with a full day Capture the Flag (CtF) event. This CtF will target an imaginary organization's web applications and will include both Internet and intranet applications of various technologies. This event is designed to allow you to put the pieces together from the previous five days reinforcing the information and learning you will have gained.
The SANS promise is that you will be able to use these ideas immediately upon returning to the office in order to better perform penetration tests of your web applications and related infrastructure. This course will enhance your exploitation and defense skill sets as well as fulfill a need to teach more advanced techniques than can be covered in the foundational course, Security 542: Web Application Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking.
Course Syllabus
SEC642.1: Advanced Discovery and Exploitation
Justin Searle
Mon Nov 26th, 2012
As applications and their vulnerabilities become more complex, penetration testers have to be able to handle these targets. We will begin the class by exploring how Burp Suite works and more advanced ways to use it within your penetration-testing processes. The exploration of Burp Suite will focus on its ability to work within the traditional web penetration testing methodology and assist in manually discovering the flaws within the target applications.
Following this discussion, we will move into studying specific vulnerability types. This examination will explore some of the more advanced techniques for finding server-based flaws such as SQL injection. After discovering the flaws, we will then work through various ways to exploit these flaws beyond the typical means exhibited today. These advanced techniques will help penetration testers show the risks the flaws expose an organization to.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
- Review of the testing methodology
- Using Burp Suite in a web penetration test
- Examine how to use Burp Intruder to effectively fuzz requests
- Explore advanced discovery techniques for SQL injection and other server-based flaws
- Learn advanced exploitation techniques
SEC642.2: Discovery and Exploitation for Specific Applications
Justin Searle
Tue Nov 27th, 2012
On day 2 of 642, we will continue the exploration of advanced discovery and exploitation techniques. We'll start by exploring client-side flaws such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (XSRF). We will explore some of the more advanced methods for discovering these issues. After finding the flaws, you will learn some of the more advanced methods of exploitation, such as scriptless attacks and building web-based worms using XSRF and XSS flaws within an application.
During the next part of the day we'll explore various popular applications and frameworks and how they change the discovery techniques within a web penetration test. This section of the class examines applications such as SharePoint and WordPress. These specific targets have unique needs and features that make testing them both more complex and more fruitful for the tester. This section of the class will help you understand these differences and make use of them in your testing.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
- Discovering XSRF flaws within complex applications
- Learning about DOM-based XSS flaws and how to find them within applications
- Exploiting XSS using scriptless injections
- Bypassing anti-XSRF controls using XSS/XSRF worms
- Attacking SharePoint installations
- How to modify your test based on the target application
SEC642.3: Web Application Encryption
Justin Searle
Wed Nov 28th, 2012
Cryptographic weaknesses are a common area where flaws are present, yet few penetration testers have the skill to investigate, attack and exploit these flaws. When we investigate web application crypto attacks, we typically target the implementation and use of cryptography in modern web applications. Many popular web programming languages or development frameworks make encryption services available to the developer, but do not inherently protect encrypted data from being attacked, or permit the developer to use cryptography in a weak manner. These implementation mistakes are going to be our focus in this section, as opposed to the exploitation of deficiencies in the cryptographic algorithms themselves.
We will also explore the various ways applications use encryption and hashing insecurely. Students will learn how techniques such as identifying what the encryption technique is to how to exploit various flaws within the encryption or hashing.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
- Explore how to identify the cryptography in use
- Discover how to attack the encryption keys
- Learn how to attack Electronic Codebook (ECB) Mode Ciphers
- Exploit Padding Oracles and Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Bit Flipping
SEC642.4: Web Application Firewall and Filter Bypass
Justin Searle
Thu Nov 29th, 2012
Today, applications are using more security controls to help prevent attacks. These controls, such as Web Application Firewalls and filtering techniques make it more difficult for penetration testers during their testing. These controls block many of the automated tools and simple techniques used to discover flaws today.
On day 4 you will explore techniques used to map the control and how it is configured to block attacks. You'll be able to map out the rule sets and determine the specifics of how it detects attacks. This mapping will then be used to determine attacks that will bypass the control. You'll use HTML5, UNICODE and other encodings that will enable your discovery techniques to work within the protected application.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
- Understanding of web application firewalling and filtering techniques
- Explore how to determine the rule sets protecting the application
- Learn how HTML5 injections work
- Discover the use of UNICODE and other encodings
SEC642.5: Mobile Applications and Web Services
Justin Searle
Fri Nov 30th, 2012
Web applications are no longer limited to the traditional HTML based interface. Web services and mobile applications have become more common and are regularly being used to attack client and organizations. As such, it has become very important that penetration testers understand how to evaluate the security of these systems.
During day 5, you will learn how to build a test environment for mobile applications and web services. We will also explore various techniques to discover flaws within the applications and backend systems. These techniques will make use of tools such as Burp Suite and other automated toolsets.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
- Understanding the mobile platforms and architecture
- Intercepting traffic to web services and from mobile applications
- Building a test environment
- Injecting malicious traffic into web services
SEC642.6: Capture the Flag
Justin Searle
Sat Dec 1st, 2012
During day six of the class you will be placed on a network and given the opportunity to complete an entire penetration test. The goal of this capture the flag event is for you to explore the techniques, tools, and methodology you will have learned over the last five days. You'll be able to use these ideas and methods against a realistic extranet and intranet. At the end of the day, you will provide a verbal report of the findings and methodology you followed to complete the test.
Students will be provided with a virtual machine that contains the Samurai Web Testing Framework web penetration-testing environment. You will be able to use this both in the class and after leaving and returning to your normal jobs.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Additional Information
Laptop Required
You will need to bring a laptop capable of running VMware workstation, player or fusion. It would need at least 4GB of RAM and 25GB of free hard drive space.
If you have additional questions about the laptop specifications, please contact email@example.com.
Who Should Attend
- Web penetration testers
- Security consultants
- Developers
- QA testers
- System administrators
- IT managers
- System architects
This course assumes that you have a solid understanding of web penetration techniques and methodologies. You should be familiar with the HTTP protocol, HTML, web applications, and a scripting language such as Python. Successful completion of the GWAPT certification or having attended the SEC542 class would fulfill these prerequisites.
What You Will Receive
- An understanding of advanced web penetration techniques
- Skills to test and exploit specific target environments such as content management systems and infrastructure applications
- Understanding of encryption and its usage within web applications
- Ability to recognize filtering and WAF techniques and bypass them
- Skills to test and evaluate web services used in an enterprise
- Understanding of mobile application testing
What To Take Next?
Author Statement
As web applications and their mobile counterparts become more complex and hardened against attack, penetration testers need to adjust the techniques they use to evaluate the security of these systems. This includes understanding how the various targets work, their usage of encryption and web application firewalling, and how to perform vulnerability discovery and exploitation against these items. This course is designed to expand past the methodology and focus on the how when we are presented with the challenges of web penetration testing.
- Kevin Johnson


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WelcOme to Havana Bar
Situated in colourful and cosy historic cottages, Havana is an award winning cocktail bar & restaurant serving a diverse range of internationally inspired tapas and seasonal plates.
The bar supports local and international musicians and DJ's three nights a week for your listening pleasure.
For those with pure food indulgence in mind, come next door to the restaurant and sate your desires with our ever changing internationally and seasonally inspired sharing plates. Watch the chefs serve from the open kitchen and languish in our stunning restaurant that begs for a long stay. Our food is made to share and be enjoyed by all, why only get one choice from a menu when you can have it all? Our food promotes the best from New Zealand's produce and is always seasonal and constantly changing, never letting you or our chefs get bored.
Our friendly front of house team are hospitality professionals; passionate, knowledgeable and always ready to facilitate your perfect night out in Havana.
Tapas is such a wonderful way to share food with good friends, if you would like to enquire about a group booking of 10 or more (available Sunday-Thursday nights and for lunch) please read our terms and conditions and a special group menu can be found below. Early Friday and Saturday night group bookings are available, but have to be sat between 5pm and 6:30pm and vacate by 8:00pm.
Please see our 'contact' page for full booking policies.
Fresh, exotic and exciting, our handcrafted concoctions brought to you by the finest bartenders combine products sourced from the four corners of the globe. Incorporated with these are an array of local and international wines and beers, brought to you for your tasting pleasure.
Daily sunshine deals
Monday-Thursday 4-6pm - $9 Tap beers, $7 Cider and $7 White and Red Wine.
Friday, Saturday, Sunday 4-6pm - $11 Mojitos.
Relax and enjoy.
Havana Bar is located in two Historic Te Aro workingmen's cottages on Wigan Street. The cottages date back to the late 19th century. During that time Wigan St was on the outskirts of Wellington's old China Town. The area stretched out from Haining St and Frederick St containing the dubious reputation of gambling, opium dens, and gentlemen's pleasures.
In 1991 the lads from Havana Coffee Works set up shop in 34 Wigan St and subsequently in time brought 32a. Between espresso's the idea of a Cuban bar was brewing and before long the infamous owners of Fidels Café were enlisted to bring this idea to life.
In late 2002 Havana Bar was created, more as a speakeasy for the colourful personalities of the area and then officially opened in early 2003. The bar has supported local and international musicians three to four nights a week for over 13 years, and has maintained its commitment to providing music to Wellingtonian's ever since. From its inception, Havana Bar has created a new hum in the city by embracing all things Cuban; its history, music, rum, famous cigars and coffee.
During 2010 Havana Coffee Works relocated its operations from 34 Wigan St to its new HQ to Tory St. With this opportunity, the Havana Bar crew had no hesitation in transforming the cottage into a stunning and now award winning tapas style restaurant.
Havana Bar is a unique urban oasis preserved and nestled amongst an array of high rise neighbours. The kitchen is proud to provide the highest quality products sourced from the 'Best little capital in the world', including the rest of New Zealand and Abroad. Havana Bar encompasses the full experience, from the delights of lunch, dinner, and drinks, finishing with the finest music and dance.
We welcome you to come down and join in the relaxed and spontaneous sanctuary that is Havana Bar.
Havana Bar is located at 32a-34 Wigan St, Te Aro Wellington, just around the corner from Fidels on Cuba Street. You can see a map of our location below or Find us on Google Maps . We are now open 7 days a week for drinks, dinner, cocktails, dancing, and good times.
The restaurant takes Lunch reservations Friday to Sunday (we will consider opening for lunch on other days for groups of 15 or over) and Dinner reservations Sunday to Thursday (only Pre-Theatre bookings on Friday and Saturday. Please see below). Reservations can be made online by clicking the link above or calling/emailing us.
You can now reserve a table on Friday and Saturday nights, only between 5pm and 6:30pm. For all other diners, we work on a 'first come, first served' basis on Friday and Saturday nights; we recommend your party come in early to guarantee a table in the restaurant. We can only seat a table in the restaurant when the full party are present and ready to dine, but it's always nice to have a drink in the bar while you await any late-comers. Reservations over 8 are automatically put on our Havana Set Menu, maximum of 10 per party on Friday and Saturday.
For people after light tapas and drinks, we welcome you to sit in the bar. Requests for functions can be taken into consideration, please email any enquiries to firstname.lastname@example.com. For all bookings of groups of 8 or over, we have a group menu (Terms and Conditions apply).
For any musical inquiries, please send links to your music along with your bio to Lauren at email@example.com.
Havana Bar and Restaurant
32a - 34 Wigan St, Te Aro, Wellington.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: (04) 384 7039
Opening Hours: Monday to Thursday 3:00pm-Late, Friday to Sunday 11:00am-Late
Holiday Season: Labour Weekend Hours will be affected
Join the Family?
Hola friends of Havana! Join our social club and go into the monthly draw to win a Brunch or Dinner at Havana. Every month we'll give away a Lunch Special for 2 with a couple of drinks; the perfect date.
Sign up to receive updates on food and drink specials, musical events and general happenings at your favourite haunt.
Join Newsletter


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When Timken Aerospace specified the Kundel bridge crane for our center-less grinder wheel changing operation the most important considerations were as follows:
- Ease of use
- Cost / value
- Effective and efficient use
- Simplicity of design
At the time, we compared Kundel, Gorbel, and US Monorail systems. We chose Kundel because in our opinion the design was sturdier and more cost effective because of the simplicity of design. We have been very satisfied with our Kundel system since installation and as expected it worked right the first time.
Thanks and Best regards


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Users dislike when pages take a long time to load. Slow server response times are one possible cause for long page loads.
When users navigate to a URL in their web browser, the browser makes a network request to fetch that content. Your server receives the request and returns the page content. The server may need to do a lot of work in order to return a page with all of the content that users want. For example, if users are looking at their order history, the server needs to fetch each user's history from a database, and then insert that content into the page. Optimizing the server to do work like this as quickly as possible is one way to reduce the time that users spend waiting for pages to load.
The first step to improving server response times is to identify the core conceptual tasks that your server must complete in order to return page content, and then measure how long each of these tasks takes. Once you've identified the longest tasks, search for ways to speed them up.
There are many possible causes of slow server responses, and therefore many possible ways to improve:
- Optimize the server's application logic to prepare pages faster. If you use a server framework, the framework may have recommendations on how to do this.
- Optimize how your server queries databases, or migrate to faster database systems.
- Upgrade your server hardware to have more memory or CPU.
More information
This audit fails when the browser waits more than 600ms for the server to respond to the main document request.
This audit is also referred to as "Time To First Byte", which represents the time that it takes for a user's browser to receive the first byte of page content.


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How Naturepedic Certified Organic Mattresses Are Made
How Naturepedic Certified Organic Mattresses Are MadePeople love to see things built. Shows like Discovery Channel's How It's Made cater to our fascination to watch finished products emerge from raw materials.
Having an office near the Naturepedic manufacturing floor, I often watch giant rolls of organic cotton, wool and other materials turn into finished mattresses at the hands of talented craftspeople. Like a sunset, I don't tire of watching it.
Thanks to agency Flourish Inc. you can spend 2-1/2 minutes experiencing the cool factor of our factory in Luxury Organic Mattresses: A Behind The Scenes Look. As a result of Flourish's brilliant vision and execution in creating this video, you can truly get a sense of the craftsmanship and pride that goes into each of our mattresses.
The video is so amazing it earned Flourish a 2013 Gold Addy award from the American Advertising Federation - Cleveland. Watch it and you'll see why.
Take a break and step into our factory for a few minutes. You'll leave refreshed!