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Thailand: December 1999
Thailand appears to be recovering strongly from the past two years of economic turmoil, but any temptation to delay reforms should be resisted, says a WTO report. In the first Trade Policy Review of Thailand since the 1997 financial crash, the WTO says the Thai economy has benefited from major reforms which have led to greater transparency, stronger governance and better prudential supervision, both in the private sector and in government.
10 December 1999
Thailands reforms point to strong recovery but efforts should continue, review says
Thailand appears to be recovering strongly from the past two years of economic turmoil, but any temptation to delay reforms should be resisted, says a WTO report. In the first Trade Policy Review of Thailand since the 1997 financial crash, the WTO says the Thai economy has benefited from major reforms which have led to greater transparency, stronger governance and better prudential supervision, both in the private sector and in government.
The report notes that despite the severe recession real GDP dropped 12% in 199798 the government has resisted protectionist pressure. "One of the most striking aspects of the Governments policy response to the crisis is its liberalization of several aspects of its trade and foreign investment regime in order to speed up structural adjustment," the report says.
The crisis is blamed on weaknesses in the way the financial and other sections of the corporate sector were governed: poor accounting practices, lack of transparency in management, inadequate supervision of banks and financial institutions. Because company data was in adequate, financial risks could not be assessed properly. A seemingly fixed exchange rate régime led operators to borrow heavily in foreign currencies, precipitating a financial crisis when the exchange rate collapsed in July 1997. Many of these issues are now being addressed although further work is needed, the report goes on.
Focusing on Thailands trade policy, the WTO report welcomes further streamlining of import and export procedures, and the continuing trend for tariffs to be reduced even though some have risen, for example on motor vehicles and clothing, and some high peaks (for example 80%) remain. It expresses concern about the lack of a single publication containing all regular ("MFN") and preferential import duty rates.
Thailand has encouraged regional trading partners within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, Asia-Europe meetings, South Asia, and the Greater Mekong region to liberalize faster and further in the context of regional trading arrangements, in the conviction that liberalization will assist economic recovery.
The report notes that the Thai governments concerns in the WTO include regret that some of its main exports such as agri-food and textiles and clothing still face quantitative restrictions, few of which have been eliminated. Thailand is active both in the WTO Agriculture Committee, and in Textiles Monitoring Body.
The Thai government also favours general ("MFN") tariff reductions in its export markets over preferential (Generalized System of Preferences GSP) schemes because some of these preferences are withdrawn when a country becomes more developed or the product enjoying preferences gains a sufficient share of the market. The Thai governments view is that the withdrawal of preferences eventually disrupting Thai exports, the WTO report notes.
Various domestic reforms are also underway, the report says. These include improving government transparency, tougher measures to deal with corruption and improved integrity of the customs régime. State-owned enterprises are being privatized and a 1999 competition law aims to ensure that these companies do not become private monopolies, although enterprises which are not privatized are not covered, the report says. The government is also reviewing its import-export and investment legislation to make trading and investment regulations more transparent, predictable and stable.
The government has also continued to open up the financial sector to foreign investment, as part of its efforts to deal with the financial crisis, the report goes on. New commitments were made in the WTO financial services negotiations in December 1997, six months after the crisis erupted. "These commitments, and in particular the elimination of the 25% limit on foreign equity participation, should strengthen the financial sector by attracting new foreign capital and expertise and by increasing competition," the report says.
However it expresses concern about provisions allowing offshore banking (International Banking Facilities) to operate as a conduit for domestic borrowing, and whose nature may have magnified the crisis. "A new Financial Institution Law is being drafted to consolidate the supervision of the financial sector and ensure prompt corrective action, but apparently no amendments to the International Banking Facilities or associated tax privileges are envisaged," the report says.
Further liberalization is also taking place in telecommunications and transport, but remains to be "bound" within the framework of the WTOs General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the report notes.
Thailand has also modified its intellectual property legislation in order to implement the WTO TRIPS Agreement as a developing country it has to implement this by 1 January 2000. Among the measures taken are an amended Patent Act (which allows for parallel imports) and a new Intellectual Property and International Trade Court. Some problems remain with enforcement, the report adds, partly because the Thai authorities say they lack cooperation from right holders in conducting raids or taking cases to the courts.
Notes to Editors
trade policy reviews are an exercise, mandated in the WTO agreements, in which member countries trade and related policies are examined and evaluated at regular intervals. Significant developments which may have an impact on the global trading system are also monitored. For each review, two documents are prepared: a policy statement by the government of the member under review, and a detailed report written independently by the WTO Secretariat. These two documents are then discussed by the WTOs full membership in the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB). These documents and the proceedings of the TPRBs meetings are published shortly afterwards. Since 1995, when the WTO came into force, services and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights have also been covered.
For this review, the WTOs Secretariat report, together with the policy statement prepared by Thailand, will be discussed by the Trade Policy Review Body on 15 and 17 December 1999. The Secretariat report covers the development of all aspects of Thailands trade policies, including domestic laws and regulations, the institutional framework, trade policies by measure and by sector.
Attached to this press release is a summary of the observations in the Secretariat report. The Secretariat report and the governments policy statement are available for the press in the newsroom of the WTO internet site (www.wto.org). These two documents and the minutes of the TPRBs discussion and the Chairmans summing up, will be published in hardback in due course and will be available from the Secretariat, Centre William Rappard, 154 rue de Lausanne, 1211 Geneva 21.
Since December 1989, the following reports have been completed: Argentina (1992 and 1999), Australia (1989, 1994 and 1998), Austria (1992), Bangladesh (1992), Benin (1997), Bolivia (1993 and 1999), Botswana (1998), Brazil (1992 and 1996), Burkina Faso (1998), Cameroon (1995), Canada (1990, 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1998), Chile (1991 and 1997), Colombia (1990 and 1996), Costa Rica (1995), Côte dIvoire (1995), Cyprus (1997), the Czech Republic (1996), the Dominican Republic (1996), Egypt (1992 and 1999), El Salvador (1996), the European Communities (1991, 1993, 1995 and 1997), Fiji (1997), Finland (1992), Ghana (1992), Guinea (1999), Hong Kong (1990, 1994 and 1998), Hungary (1991 and 1998), Iceland (1994), India (1993 and 1998), Indonesia (1991, 1994 and 1998), Israel (1994 and 1999), Jamaica (1998), Japan (1990, 1992, 1995 and 1998), Kenya (1993), Korea, Rep. of (1992 and 1996), Lesotho (1998), Macau (1994), Malaysia (1993 and 1997), Mali (1998), Mauritius (1995), Mexico (1993 and 1997), Morocco (1989 and 1996), New Zealand (1990 and 1996), Namibia (1998), Nicaragua (1999), Nigeria (1991 and 1998), Norway (1991 and 1996), Pakistan (1995), Papua New Guinea (1999), Paraguay (1997), Peru (1994), the Philippines (1993), Poland (1993), Romania (1992 and 1999), Senegal (1994), Singapore (1992 and 1996), Slovak Republic (1995), the Solomon Islands (1998), South Africa (1993 and 1998), Sri Lanka(1995), Swaziland (1998), Sweden (1990 and 1994), Switzerland (1991 and 1996), Thailand (1991 and 1995), Togo (1999), Trinidad and Tobago (1998), Tunisia (1994), Turkey (1994 and 1998), the United States (1989, 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1999), Uganda (1995), Uruguay (1992 and 1998), Venezuela (1996), Zambia (1996) and Zimbabwe (1994).Back to top
The Secretariat s report: summary
Report by the Secretariat Summary Observations
The principal economic development since Thailands previous Trade Policy Review in 1995 has been the financial crisis that erupted in mid-1997. This crisis manifested itself initially in a sharp depreciation of the Thai currency (the baht). Real GDP dropped 12% over the period 19971998 and unemployment rose sharply. Notwithstanding the severity of the crisis and the consequent recession, the Thai Government has, by and large, resisted protectionist pressures, opting instead for measures aimed at reinforcing its already increasingly outward-oriented trade and investment policies so as to foster economic recovery.
Economic environment
Prior to 1997, Thailands economic performance had been outstanding, with real GDP growth averaging almost 9% annually since 1990. This strong expansion was partly the outcome of market-oriented structural reforms, undertaken by successive governments during the 1980s, including reductions in barriers both to imports and exports, and the liberalization of the foreign investment regime. Strong growth of the economy was also greatly helped by Thailands high saving rate, which averaged more than one third of GDP throughout the 1990s. Nonetheless, savings were insufficient to finance domestic investment and the resulting gap was bridged by inflows of foreign capital averaging 10% of GDP annually, attracted to Thailand by prospects of profitable investments and by its open foreign investment regime. The correspondingly large and growing current account deficit, together with the progressive accumulation of public and private external debt, was not a problem as long as investments in Thailand were allocated efficiently to projects whose returns were at least sufficient to cover the cost of capital. Unfortunately, by 1997 this was no longer perceived to be the case, leaving the Thai financial system vulnerable to a sudden loss of confidence, which led the economy into a severe recession.
This vulnerability was highlighted when commercial banks reported a significant increase in non-performing loans at the end of 1996; in addition, exports declined in 1997, indicating a possible fall in external competitiveness. There followed a dramatic flight of capital and heavy losses of foreign reserves, which culminated in a large depreciation of the Thai baht in July 1997. In turn, the currency depreciation immediately translated into heavy losses in corporations balance sheets because of their high reliance on foreign debt, and many faced bankruptcy as a consequence. The outcome of this financial crisis was that real GDP fell by nearly 2% in 1997 and by over 10% in 1998. Increased unemployment and falling personal incomes resulted in many people falling below the poverty line. Hence, the financial crisis became a full-blown economic crisis of major proportions with far-reaching social repercussions.
The origins of this crisis and the resulting deep recession have been attributed mainly to generalized weaknesses in the governance of financial institutions and corporations; these weaknesses included in particular poor accounting practices and a lack of transparency in management as well as inadequate supervision of banks and financial institutions. In the absence of adequate company data, many investments were not based on accurate assessments of financial risks. The financial crisis has thus highlighted the need for a more transparent, competitive, and rules-based business environment. Moreover, the maintenance of a fixed nominal exchange rate until mid-1997, combined with the encouragement of special offshore banking facilities, led banks and companies to borrow heavily from abroad in foreign currencies, mostly on a short-term and unhedged basis, so as to exploit interest rate differentials, thereby exposing themselves unduly to the risk of a sharp decline in the exchange rate.
During the months immediately following the crisis, the Thai economy underwent internal and major external adjustments. A sharp drop in private investment contributed to a fall in domestic demand and a major contraction in imports. The current account moved from a deficit of 8% of GDP in 1996 to a surplus of 12% of GDP in 1998. A correspondingly large swing also occurred on the capital account, which moved from net inflows of nearly US$20 billion to net outflows of nearly US$10 billion.
In response to the crisis, the Thai authorities established a market-based exchange rate system, thereby abandoning the peg to a basket of currencies. Initially, they also tightened monetary and fiscal policies to restore confidence in the economy, but later relaxed both as the recession turned out to be more severe than anticipated. Aware of the far-reaching social consequences of the crisis, the authorities have targeted low-income groups in recent public expenditure increases. One of the most striking aspects of the Governments policy response to the crisis, however, is its liberalization of several aspects of its trade and foreign investment regime in order to speed up structural adjustment.
Trade and foreign investment regime
Thailands trade and foreign investment policies are aimed at promoting economic cooperation in international fora and avoiding frictions with trading partners. Accordingly, the Thai Government has actively participated in the work of the WTO, where it has expressed its regret that only a few quantitative restrictions have been eliminated in areas of significant export interest to Thailand, notably agri-food and textiles; it has called for further efforts to abolish market-access restrictions. Moreover, Thailand has encouraged regional trading partners within ASEAN, APEC, Asia-Europe meetings, South Asia, and the Greater Mekong region to liberalize faster and further, in the conviction that liberalization will assist economic recovery. The Government also favours MFN tariff reductions over GSP schemes because the graduation mechanisms in some GSP schemes can trigger the reinstatement of higher MFN tariffs, thereby eventually disrupting Thai exports.
On the domestic front, a long-term priority is to ensure greater government transparency and accountability. A 1997 Constitutional amendment introduces the right of the Prime Minister to request a referendum, provides for a National Counter-Corruption Commission and establishes an independent advisory body in charge of consumer protection. In addition, the customs authorities have set up a special task force to create transparency, resolve complaints, and thereby improve the integrity of the customs regime.
Economic infrastructure should also benefit from the planned privatization of state-owned enterprises; a 1999 competition law is aimed at ensuring that such enterprises do not become private monopolies in the privatization process. However, the law does not extend to those enterprises that will remain state-owned. Recurrent legislative delays reflect the difficulties faced by the Government in passing necessary legislation through Parliament. These difficulties include opposition to the sale of domestic enterprises to foreign interests.
As a consequence of legislative delays, after seven years of parliamentary deliberations, a new legislative framework for foreign investment has yet to obtain approval. Meanwhile, conditions for foreign investment continue to be determined according to the latest ministerial announcement. The authorities have also relied on such announcements to implement border tax changes, regulate trade defence, change the conditions for export assistance, implement changes in direct and indirect internal taxes, and amend government procurement rules. Although use of ministerial announcements has the advantage of flexibility, it reduces the stability, predictability, and perhaps the overall coherence of the trading and investment regime. Accordingly, the Government is reviewing import-export and investment legislation to ensure that it reflects the actual openness of Thailands trading system and provides a clear and stable framework for business decisions.
Policies and measures affecting trade and foreign investment
Border measures
The Government has continued to streamline actual import and export measures in order to facilitate international trade. Thus, for example, the authorities are in the process of amending the legislation on customs valuation, which should reduce the incidence of arbitrary "uplifts". Furthermore, despite complex licensing legislation, which remains un-notified to the WTO, Thailand maintains few import licences, quotas, or other quantitative restrictions on imports. Few trade defence measures are in place, although a new Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty Act in 1999 replaced the previous much debated regulations notified to the WTO. As a result, border measures consist essentially of tariffs. In this context, the publication of a single and comprehensive tariff containing MFN and preferential duties would, as already noted in Thailands 1995 Review, greatly enhance the transparency of the import regime.
The trend in tariffs is downwards although rates have fluctuated since 1995. In September 1999 applied MFN tariffs averaged 18%, compared with 23% in 1995. But tariff peaks can be as high as 60%, down from 100% in 1995; they protect domestic producers of agri-food products, clothing and motor vehicles. The simple average of bound tariff lines will be 26% for industrial products and 34% for agri-food products, once the Uruguay Round of tariff reductions is fully implemented. However, 31% of national tariff lines covering industrial tariffs are unbound. Under the 1997 Information Technology Agreement, Thailand is committed to eliminating MFN duties on products accounting for approximately one quarter of total trade. Reductions were due to start in 1999.
Tariff increases during the period under review have in several cases caused applied MFN tariff rates to exceed WTO bound rates, but the authorities note that in such cases MFN bound rates apply to WTO Members, on condition that a certificate of origin is provided at Customs. Such certificates are likely to complicate trading procedures as does the fact that tariff rates tend to be higher for non-members than for Members of the WTO.
Thailand is actively implementing tariff reductions under the ASEAN Free-Trade Agreement (AFTA). By the year 2000, Thailands AFTA tariff will slightly exceed 7%, less than half of the applied MFN rate. This divergence between MFN and AFTA tariff rates may have contributed to trade diversion, particularly in an environment of falling imports and GDP. The share of imports from ASEAN members in total imports has increased since the last Review of Thailand in 1995.
The financial crisis created the concern that bank failures would deprive producers of access to export finance. The authorities therefore have greatly expanded the number and funding of export financing schemes, some of which involve preferential terms. For example, the value of exports financed under the Packing Credit Facility amounted to 10% of total exports in 1998. The authorities have also taken advantage of transitional provisions contained in the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures to introduce additional tax incentives in favour of exports. Generally, however, Thailand competes on world agri-food and other markets without any significant export subsidies.
Substantial progress has been made to expedite the customs clearance process for exports, as part of an overall strategy to achieve an export-led recovery. In order to conform with quantitative restrictions maintained by trading partners, export quotas are in place on textiles and clothing products destined for Canada, the European Union, Norway and the United States; and on cars exported to Chinese Taipei.
Internal measures
Numerous tariff and other tax concessions are intended to neutralize the effect of relatively high tariffs on exports, investment, and production. Several of these measures are administered by the Board of Investment (BOI), which grants not just tax but also non-tax incentives, such as the right to own land or to invest in activities otherwise closed to foreigners. Changes in incentives may be introduced by ministerial notification and do not need to be approved by Parliament, provided they fall under the purview of the Investment Promotion Act. A number of incentives have been notified to the WTO as subsidies or as trade-related investment measures; the authorities intend to abolish the latter by 1 January 2000. Overall, investment incentives may have resulted in an inefficient allocation of capital, as witnessed by the large number of unprofitable investments, which contributed to the recent crisis.
Thailand has modified its intellectual property legislation in order to implement the WTO Agreement on TRIPS. In particular, the Patent Act, as amended, introduces the principle of national treatment and eliminates the requirement that products under a patent must be manufactured locally. Parallel imports are considered necessary to maintain competitive prices of products protected by intellectual property rights. In 1997, the Intellectual Property and International Trade Court began to handle all civil and criminal cases involving intellectual property. Despite the several steps taken to improve enforcement, the authorities consider that, in practice, this remains extremely difficult, partly because of insufficient cooperation from right holders in conducting raids or taking cases to the courts.
The Thai Industrial Standards Institute has participated actively in the work of the WTO Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade; it considers that harmonization of international standards, transparency, avoidance of unnecessary obstacles to trade, and non-discrimination would be beneficial to Thailand as well as to other developing countries. All new Thai standards and regulations are now systematically based on international norms, and conformity assessment procedures have been greatly simplified in cases where mutual recognition agreements have been established. Meanwhile, however, rather stringent food and drug regulations, in effect, create a system of exclusive importers, as only one applicant holds the information required for registration and licensing, thereby preventing parallel imports of such products.
The authorities report that Thailands regulations on government procurement have recently been amended with the objective of enhancing openness, transparency, and fair competition. The authorities have indicated that procuring agencies allow foreign bidders to compete for contracts unless at least three domestic products meeting national standards are available. Most domestic products are given a price preference margin in procurement. Government contracts for consultancy and engineering services must be awarded to domestic companies as the leading firm. All public-sector imports above US$7 million must have a related countertrade transaction.
Sectoral trade policies
Thailand has continued to participate actively in the work of the WTO Committee on Agriculture, urging Members to proceed with tariff reductions and eliminate market-access restrictions. The authorities report no significant export subsidies and Thailand has also shown restraint in the use of domestic subsidies likely to affect trade, particularly since the recent depreciation of the baht. Production and trade of several key agri-food products are organized through marketing boards and other government-supervised organizations.
High tariffs protect the domestic meat and dairy, fruit and vegetable, sugar, beverage and tobacco manufacturing industries. Thailand does not apply quantitative restrictions on agri-food imports; many of the tariff quotas established under the Uruguay Round are not used in practice to restrict imports; instead, lower or zero duties are frequently applied when imports of the products concerned are needed for the domestic processing industry. For the few products whose importation is impeded by high tariffs, partners to the AFTA will have unlimited access to Thailands market as of 2000 at rates not exceeding 20%, thereby generating substantial pressure on certain domestic agri-food sectors.
Thailand has continued to liberalize the energy market and has undertaken in various international fora to enhance efficiency through greater competition, including by majority foreign-owned companies. A transparent regulatory framework has been announced for the year 2000 in the petroleum, electricity, and gas sectors, followed by corporatization and eventual privatization of selected state-owned enterprises. In the WTO, Thailand has not bound tariffs on most petroleum products, and has not included any energy-related sectors in its GATS Schedule of Commitments.
After two decades of double-digit growth, Thai manufacturing was severely affected by the financial crisis that broke in mid-1997, after which the authorities substantially increased border taxes on several consumer products. In particular, tariffs on motor vehicles were raised from around 40% to 80%. Production capacity has increased in the automotive sector as new joint ventures with foreign multinationals have started supplying domestic and export markets. Investment incentives in the automotive sector, some of which are due to be amended by 1 January 2000, include local-content provisions, themselves attached to end-use provisions, import and excise duty concessions, and corporate tax exemptions.
The textile and clothing industry provides an example of the recent tariff instability in the manufacturing sector, causing unpredictability for importers. After a continuous process of tariff reduction from 1994 to 1996, whereby tariffs on clothing were reduced from 100% to 45%, and then to 10% for some products (in early 1997), tariffs were raised to 60%, ostensibly on fiscal grounds, but also to assist crisis-stricken industries: Thailand does not protect its textile and clothing industry with import quotas; however, its exports are substantially restricted by quantitative restrictions and safeguards in export markets.
In the course of implementing measures to overcome the crisis, the Thai Government has continued to open its financial services sector to foreign investment. Thailand has made new commitments with respect to insurance, banking, and other financial services, first in its Schedule annexed to the Second Protocol to the GATS (the so-called Interim Agreement) on Financial Services agreed in July 1995, and then, as a result of the WTO financial services negotiations concluded in December 1997, six months after the crisis erupted. These commitments, and in particular the elimination of the 25% limit on foreign equity participation, should strengthen the financial sector by attracting new foreign capital and expertise and by increasing competition. One possible area of concern involves the provisions allowing offshore banking (International Banking Facilities) to operate as a conduit for domestic borrowing, and whose nature may have magnified the crisis. A new Financial Institution Law is being drafted to consolidate the supervision of the financial sector and ensure prompt corrective action, but apparently no amendments to the International Banking Facilities or associated tax privileges are envisaged.
Under a series of concession contracts with the existing public duopoly, private companies have progressively entered a variety of telecommunications markets, creating a thriving market in certain telecommunications services, such as mobile phones and Internet services. The authorities, aware that these markets are unlikely to be truly competitive in the absence of cost-based pricing, transparent and fair interconnection arrangements, and independent regulation, have undertaken to introduce commitments regarding commercial presence in voice telephony and other telecommunications services, by 2006, on the basis of new legislation.
There have also been developments towards greater international competition in the transport sector. The main airline is being partially privatized, and amendments were introduced in Parliament to allow larger shares of foreign ownership in domestic airlines and introduce competition in reservation systems. In 1997, foreigners were allowed to hold a de facto majority in a company owning maritime vessels under the Thai flag.
Thailand included a large number of business services in its GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments; the current regulatory framework allows foreign presence essentially through joint ventures with minority foreign control. In particular, member firms of the "Big Five" multinational accountancy networks supply a large share of domestic audit services under these joint ventures. Recent analyses of Thailands crisis have highlighted the lack of transparency and accountability in corporate management and auditing practices, leading the authorities to revise all Thai accounting standards, and require companies to apply international accounting standards, as well as establish an audit committee to oversee companies financial reporting process and disclosure. Market access restrictions, including nationality and equity requirements, undoubtedly contributed to the severity of the crisis.
The main macroeconomic indicators suggest that Thailand is recovering strongly from the economic turmoil of the past two years. Major reforms, resulting in greater transparency, and strengthened governance and prudential supervision, have underpinned the recovery by improving consumer and investor confidence, both domestically and abroad. Trading partners too have played a key role in the recovery, aided by Thailands welcoming and liberal business environment, providing greater efficiency through import competition and direct investment inflows. They have also kept their markets open to Thailands exports.
There are still a number of downside risks, however. For example, the continuing need for corporate debt restructuring, reflected in the high level of non-performing loans, could hamper the recovery of private investment. More broadly, the danger remains that as the recovery gains pace, the Government might succumb to pressures to put off fundamental reforms, which although currently well under way, are still incomplete and yet essential for the achievement of a stable basis for sustainable and equitable growth of the Thai economy.


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Browsing Student Research Papers by Subject "Correctional Facilities"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Violence against women: Workshops for youth (2005-09-01)Education is central to creating social change. Addressing the topic of violence against women, the author designed a workshop intended for female youth. The workshop was implemented in two stages at a state "lock down" ...

subset: commoncrawl


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Harford County is located just 25 miles northeast of Baltimore, and 80 miles from Philadelphia, and is strategically located on I-95 along the shores of the scenic Chesapeake Bay. The vibrant area offers visitors picturesque beauty, bustling urban centers, historic harbor towns and a variety of world-class cultural and sports amenities. The County's three municipalities – Aberdeen, Bel Air and Havre de Grace – are only minutes apart, but each offers guests a unique experience.
Just 25 miles north of Baltimore, visit a lighthouse, cross a covered bridge, tour a topiary garden, experience Ripken Stadium, hike to a waterfall, play Maryland's best golf
and more!
In Harford County, there is something for everyone to love!


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Best definition
A person with the intellectual capacity of a rock, with an over-abundance of money; or someone with more money than
brains. In the case of a younger person, the money usually derives from family wealth and not from personal hard work. Known traits of moronaires: their inability to show respect to fellow human beings and the Law, as well as their overdeveloped sense of entitlement. This manifests mostly during their attempts at driving vehicles of all descriptions on public roads.
Dubai is a magnet for moronaires from all over the world. A good example would be a rich high school graduate racing around in a Lamborghini or other super car, and lacking the common sense or respect for law to drive safely, thus crashing and causing a spectacular fireball soon thereafter.


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Login to your account
You must register for an account before you can login.
Once you have registered for an account, we will send you a email verification mail. Once you confirmed, you may log into your account with your registration information and proceed to adding your information for your business.
If you already have an account, please login.


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There are several different types of events that companies may host to meet with students and create an impression that sets you apart from other employers. Booking an event is done through Global Talent Solutions (GTS).
The university offers several facilities that can accommodate a variety of meeting formats and sizes. Companies have several ways to promote events as well as distribute materials.
Hosting a Corporate Conversation is an excellent way to educate students about your organization, training programs, and career opportunities. These events allow companies to network with students and provide them with a firsthand view of the culture of your firm and what makes your organization unique.
Corporate Networking Nights (CNNs) are multi-company events that provide you the opportunity to network with students. These events allow firms to share information on full-time positions and summer internships with Booth MBA students. A CNN is the perfect format for companies recruiting smaller numbers of students or firms that are new to campus.
Startup Networking Nights (SNNs) provide access to Chicago Booth students interested in project-based, part-time, full-time and internship opportunities. These events are held twice a year, once in the fall and once in the spring.
Another way to get to know students is to host a "meet-n-greet" session. Recruiters and company representatives converse with students who sign-up in advance or drop in with informal questions about the company. Typically firms schedule meet-n-greets the day of or day following a presentation. These events are generally held in Harper Center's second-floor corridor.
Companies use pre-interview nights as an opportunity to meet the students they will be speaking with the following day. They allow for informal interaction and for students to ask questions prior to interviews. These events are generally held off campus, but we can also assist with on-campus events.
Companies wishing to distribute materials at corporate events can send them to Career Services. Materials should arrive at least one week prior to your event. Because our storage facilities are limited, we ask that you send no more than five boxes for your event. Note that materials should NOT be sent directly to the event venue.
Materials to be used during your on-campus event should be labeled and mailed to:
Assistant Director, Employer Programs & Events
Career Services
5807 South Woodlawn Ave.
Chicago, Illinois 60637
Attention: Event Materials
Company Name
Presentation Date, Time, Location
Box # of #
Many trucking companies will not unload their trucks. Please check with your delivery service to ensure they will unload your materials. Career Services cannot accept deliveries that will not be unloaded by the delivery service and brought inside Charles M. Harper Center.
If you have any questions, or if you need help scheduling an event, please contact your relationship manager or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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The VAF offers a number of awards and fellowships to promote and support vernacular architectural fieldwork and scholarship, as well as the dissemination of research.
The Award for Advocacy encourages citizen-based advocacy by recognizing exemplary efforts and achievements on behalf of our vernacular built heritage.
Ambassadors Awards provide funding for faculty-sponsored student groups (both undergraduate and graduate) from North American institutions, to attend VAF annual conferences.
The Catherine W. Bishir Prize is awarded annually to the scholarly article from a juried North American publication that has made the most significant contribution to the study of vernacular architecture and cultural landscape.
The Paul E. Buchanan Award recognizes contributions to the study and preservation of vernacular architecture and the cultural landscape that do not take the form of books or published work.
The Abbott Lowell Cummings Award, named for the founding president of the VAF, is awarded annually to the newly-published book that has made the most significant contribution to the study of vernacular architecture and cultural landscapes of North America.
The Henry Glassie Award, named for the renowned vernacular architecture scholar and folklorist, recognizes special achievements in and contributions to the field of vernacular architecture studies. It is awarded intermittently, as deemed appropriate by the VAF Board of Directors.
The Orlando Ridout V Fieldwork Fellowships help cover the expenses of either projects or fieldwork training.
The Simpson Presenter's Fellowship allocates funding to offer partial financial assistance to students and young professionals presenting papers at VAF annual conferences.


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Triple Threat Trainer
The Rope Triple Threat Trainer™
- The Rope Triple Threat Trainer™ uses an actual baseball to reinforce proper; grip, balance, arm extension and follow through.
- Immediate tactile, auditory and physical feedback allows you to adjust your techniques at you train.
- Adjustable tether & quick assembly.
The Rope Triple Threat Trainer™ includes:
- regulation size baseball
- predrilled tether insert holes for 2 seam & 4 seam grip positions
- 3 specialized tether attachments
Using The Rope Triple Threat Trainer™safely:
- Hold baseball or softball in proper grip position, with tether attachment between index and middle fingers.
- Engage in throwing motion, HOLDING BALL AT ALL TIMES, as directed by coach or parent.
- See Instructional Video for more information
- Proper follow through is indicated when rope brushes against players back at end of throwing motion.
- See Instructional Video for more information
- NEVER HOLD The ROPE Trainer by rope/tether attachment or rope end. Trainer is ONLY intended for use when holding ball AT ALL TIMES.
- Ball should NEVER leave user's grip for any reason. The ROPE Trainer should NEVER BE THROWN.
- The ROPE Trainer should be used under supervision of an adult.
- Improper use may result in accidental damage or injury- follow all instructions and safety guidelines. Use with adult supervision.
Directions for attaching the ball to the rope/tether attachment.
- Insert rope/tether attachment into user selected insert hole.
- Push rope/tether attachment toward center of ball while turning rope/tether attachment a ¼ turn to the right, locking the rope/tether attachment in place.
- Pull on the rope/tether to ensure it's locked in position and doesn't come loose.
- To remove rope/tether attachment from insert hole: Push in toward center of ball, ¼ turn left, and remove the rope/tether attachment from the ball.
Triple Threat Trainer
Regular price $99.99


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Budgeting tool
The first vital step in taking control of your finances is to create your own personal budget plan. Our user friendly budget planner is free to use and should only take minutes to complete if you have all your financial information to hand.Before you start: What information will you need?
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Spring 2020
[INF 380E] Perspectives on Information
|Unique ID: 27535
|Craig Blaha
|12:00 pm - 3:00 pm
A multi-disciplinary and historical examination of information as a primary and foundational concept. Contrasts key literature from information studies with perspectives from other fields. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Effective Fall 2014, MSIS students must earn a grade of B or better in the MSIS core courses (below) in order for the courses to apply to the master's degree. A grade of B- does NOT satisfy this requirement.
*Restricted to graduate students in the School of Information.
Graduate Standing.


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Started this discussion. Last reply by S Dalas Mar 15, 2013. 113 Replies 2 Likes
Today I lost my quadWent out flying and was hover about 10ft high and about 30ft away. I decided to try RTL turned on the switch and the quadcopter quickly started to climb in the sky above the cloud…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by Richard Zajkowski Nov 21, 2015. 28 Replies 1 Like
i have attached a file with the settings i used for my flashed 9x(er9x) These setting are the configuration for 6 flight modes within mission plannner using the ido, id1, id2 switches along with the…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by MarvinS Jan 7, 2013. 2 Replies 0 Likes
Based on the wiki you can run mission planner on a linux via mono but having issuesSee video on issue…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by Miguel Martín Mateo Jan 16, 2013. 3 Replies 0 Likes
Has anyone got the 3dr 433 MHz running on a Linux boxHere is a link to the driver required…Continue


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hyoscyamineSkip to the navigation
Pronunciation: hye oh SYE a meen
Brand: Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Ed Spaz, HyoMax, HyoMax DT, HyoMax FT, HyoMax SL, HyoMax SR, Hyospaz, Hyosyne, IB-Stat, Levbid, Levsin, Levsin SL, Levsinex SR, NuLev, Nulev, Symax Duotab, Symax FasTab, Symax SL, Symax SR
Anaspaz 0.125 mg
round, yellow, imprinted with 225 295, Logo
Cystospaz 0.15 mg
round, blue, imprinted with W 2225
Hyoscyamine 0.125 mg SL-ACT
round, blue, imprinted with A155
Hyoscyamine 0.125 mg SL-KU
round, white, imprinted with 102, KU
Hyoscyamine 0.125 mg-ETH
elliptical, white, imprinted with ETH, 274
Hyoscyamine 0.375 mg SR-ETH
brown/white, imprinted with ETHEX, 017
Hyoscyamine SR 0.375 mg-ETH
oblong, orange, imprinted with ETHEX, 237
Hyoscyamine SR 0.375 mg-KU
oblong, orange, imprinted with KU 108
Hyospas 0.15 mg
round, blue, imprinted with H 111
Levbid 0.375 mg
oblong, orange, imprinted with SP 538
Levsin 0.125 mg SL
octagonal, blue, imprinted with SCHWARZ, 532
Levsin 0.125 mg
round, white, imprinted with SCHWARZ, 531
Nulev 0.125 mg
round, white, imprinted with SP 111
Symax Dutotab 0.375 mg
oblong, blue/white, imprinted with SYMAX, DUOTAB
What is the most important information I should know about hyoscyamine?
Do not take hyoscyamine if you are allergic to it, or if you have kidney disease, a bladder or intestinal obstruction, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, glaucoma, or myasthenia gravis.
Before taking hyoscyamine, tell your doctor if you have heart disease, congestive heart failure, a heart rhythm disorder, high blood pressure, overactive thyroid, or hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Avoid taking antacids at the same time you take hyoscyamine. Antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb hyoscyamine. If you use an antacid, take it after you have taken hyoscyamine and eaten a meal.
Hyoscyamine may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.
Drinking alcohol can increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking hyoscyamine.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Hyoscyamine can decrease sweating and you may be more prone to heat stroke.
What is hyoscyamine?
Hyoscyamine produces many effects in the body, including relief from muscle spasms.
Hyoscyamine also reduces the fluid secretions of many organs and glands in the body, such as the stomach, pancreas, lungs, saliva glands, sweat glands, and nasal passages.
Hyoscyamine is used to treat many different stomach and intestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also used to control muscle spasms in the bladder, kidneys, or digestive tract, and to reduce stomach acid. Hyoscyamine is sometimes used to reduce tremors and rigid muscles in people with symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Hyoscyamine is also used as a drying agent to control excessive salivation, runny nose, or excessive sweating.
Hyoscyamine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking hyoscyamine?
Do not take hyoscyamine if you are allergic to it, or if you have:
- kidney disease;
- an enlarged prostate or problems with urination;
- intestinal blockage;
- severe ulcerative colitis, or toxic megacolon;
- glaucoma; or
- myasthenia gravis.
To make sure you can safely take hyoscyamine, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
- heart disease, congestive heart failure;
- a heart rhythm disorder;
- high blood pressure;
- overactive thyroid; or
- hiatal hernia with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).
FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether hyoscyamine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.
Hyoscyamine can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take hyoscyamine?
Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Your medication may come with patient instructions for safe and effective use. Follow these directions carefully. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
Hyoscyamine is usually taken before a meal. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Do not crush, chew, or open an extended-release tablet or capsule. It is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking or crushing the pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Your doctor may want you to break an extended-release tablet and take only half of it. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Measure the oral liquid form of hyoscyamine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.
The sublingual tablet form of this medication must be placed under the tongue, where it will dissolve. Do not swallow the sublingual tablet whole or wash it down with water. You may drink water after the pill has completely dissolved in your mouth.
Before using hyoscyamine oral spray for the first time, you must prime the spray pump. To do this, spray 3 test sprays into the air and away from your face. Prime the spray pump at least 1 test spray any time you have not used the oral spray for longer than 2 days. Spray until a fine mist appears.
After using the oral spray, try not to swallow right away. Do not rinse your mouth or spit for 5 to 10 minutes after using the oral spray.
Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Do not use hyoscyamine oral spray for more than 30 sprays, even if there is medicine still left in the bottle.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
Overdose symptoms may include headache, dizziness, dry mouth, trouble swallowing, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, hot dry skin, and feeling restless or nervous.
What should I avoid while taking hyoscyamine?
Avoid taking antacids at the same time you take hyoscyamine. Antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb hyoscyamine. If you use an antacid, take it after you have taken hyoscyamine and eaten a meal.
Hyoscyamine may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.
Drinking alcohol can increase drowsiness and dizziness while you are taking hyoscyamine.
Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Hyoscyamine can decrease sweating and you may be more prone to heat stroke.
What are the possible side effects of hyoscyamine?
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using hyoscyamine and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
- diarrhea;
- confusion, hallucinations;
- unusual thoughts or behavior;
- fast, pounding, or uneven heart rate;
- rash or flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling); or
- eye pain.
Less serious side effects may include:
- dizziness, drowsiness, feeling nervous;
- blurred vision, headache;
- sleep problems (insomnia);
- nausea, vomiting, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
- changes in taste;
- problems with urination;
- decreased sweating;
- dry mouth; or
- impotence, loss of interest in sex, or trouble having an orgasm.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What other drugs will affect hyoscyamine?
Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially:
- amantadine (Symmetrel);
- haloperidol (Haldol);
- an MAO inhibitor such as furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam), or tranylcypromine (Parnate);
- phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), prochlorperazine (Compazine, Compro), promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan, Anergan, Antinaus), thioridazine (Mellaril), or trifluoperazine (Stelazine); or
- an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip), doxepin (Sinequan), desipramine (Norpramin), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), and others.
This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with hyoscyamine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
Copyright 1996-2018 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 5.01. Revision date: 3/10/2011.


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Rockies send Tulo back to Denver for more opinions
PHOENIX -- The Rockies sent shortstop Troy Tulowitzki back to Denver and will be receiving more opinions on why he is experiencing discomfort in the front part of the left hip when he increases his rehab activity.
Tulowitzki has not played since July 19 because of a left hip flexor strain. This week, at Coors Field and at Chase Field, he has been taking batting practice and doing some movement drills but has been unable to graduate to running the bases.
"Tulo is feeling better; he's still, to be honest with you, having on-and-off discomfort in the front of the hip," Rockies head athletic trainer Keith Dugger said. "We're trying to isolate exactly is this from the strain that he had or is there an underlying hip labrum, something like that, that we can address. Our goal right now is to see if he can make it through the season.
"He's not ready to go out on a rehab assignment. There's no need for him to go to San Diego. He can go back home, get his work in the cages, use the pool for some of the higher-intensity exercise we're doing. We're going to consult with a few doctors."
Dugger would not call the issue with the front of the hip a setback, just "something that isn't going at the rate we would expect." Dugger said the Rockies must be careful, because Tulowitzki will always be at injury risk in the upper leg area because of a torn left quadriceps tendon he suffered in 2008.
Tulowitzki still leads the Majors in batting (.340), on-base percentage (.432) and OPS (1.035).


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Documentation says, This interface does not refine the general contracts of the equals and hashCode methods. The result of comparing two objects that implement CharSequence is therefore, in general, undefined. Each object may be implemented by a different class, and there is no guarantee that each class will be capable of testing its instances for equality with those of the other. It is therefore inappropriate to use arbitrary CharSequence instances as elements in a set or as keys in a map.
1. Why is it necessary to refine equals and hashCode to ensure that objects of classes implementing CharSequence can be compared?
2. What does it mean by each object may be implemented by a different class? Is it referring to:
public final class A implements CharSequence{
public final class B implements CharSequence{
Class A a = new A();
Class B b = new B();
Boolean flag = (a == b); // is this what is undefined?
Why is there a special mention about this fact in this class? This can be the fate for any other interface as well.


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Chocolate 'N' Toffee Rice Pudding
Total TimePrep: 10 min. Cook: 15 min. + chilling
Makes7 servings
- 3 cups milk
- 3 cups cooked rice
- 1/2 cup packed brown sugar
- 3 tablespoons butter
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1/4 cup sweetened shredded coconut, toasted
- 1/4 cup English toffee bits or almond brickle chips
- 1/4 cup miniature semisweet chocolate chips
- 1/2 cup whipped topping
- 7 maraschino cherries
- In a large saucepan, combine the milk, rice, brown sugar, butter and salt; bring to a boil over medium heat. Cook for 15 minutes or until thick and creamy, stirring occasionally. Remove from the heat; stir in vanilla. Cool.
- Spoon half of the pudding into dessert dishes. Combine the coconut, toffee bits and chocolate chips; sprinkle half over the pudding. Repeat layers. Refrigerate until serving. Top with whipped topping and cherries.
Nutrition Facts1 each: 372 calories, 15g fat (9g saturated fat), 30mg cholesterol, 250mg sodium, 54g carbohydrate (34g sugars, 1g fiber), 6g protein.
Recommended Video
Feb 21, 2008
thankyou cookiecarol, get well!
Feb 17, 2008
Tim, they are trying to confuse you here. At the top of this recipe it says Administrator. This means that a bulletin board official just pulled a recipe out of one of their magazines and has it posted here. This recipe was from Country Woman magazine. I think everybody on this bulletin board loves to help new cooks learn. This recipe means for you to cook 1 1/2 cups of rice in 3 cups of water to yield 3 cups of cooked rice (give or take). Jasmine rice will work well. Then you will take the three cups of milk and other ingredients and continue with the recipe. In case you think I'm the only one on here today (I have a sinus headache and am sitting here staring at the computer like a zombie) you are on an obscure branch of the bulletin board. Go to the top of the screen and the red band says Communitiy.....check Forums. Then scroll down part way and try out Recipes ....just Recipes. There are lots of people there and you can get many opinions to your questions. Keep asking questions....that's how you learn. Good luck!
Feb 17, 2008
Hi country woman, i am very interested in learning exactly how to cook this like you do.so i have a questionregarding the cooked rice(3 cups) i am wondering if i should first cook the rice perhaps jasmin? and then from the cooked rice then fill three cups for the pudding? now i am a bit of a novice at cooking, but i am single aand do not have a wife to cook for me, would you be gracious enough to help me to understand some of the finer points to making this correctly? thanks timothy s.


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Opinion analysis: Law at time of past conviction dispositive for ACCA
The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), provides a sentencing enhancement of at least fifteen years for a felon unlawfully in possession of a firearm if he has three prior convictions for "violent felony" or a "serious drug offense." The ACCA in turn defines a "serious drug offense" as "an offense under State law . . . for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed by law." Yesterday in McNeill v. United States, the Court held that sentencing courts should look to the state law in effect at the time of the past conviction, rather than to the state law currently in effect, to determine whether the enhancement applies.
The petitioner in this case, Clifton Terelle McNeill, pleaded guilty to unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon, along with a drug charge, in August 2008. When the district court sought to apply the fifteen-year enhancement, McNeill conceded that he had two prior convictions for violent felonies, but he argued that his previous convictions for drug trafficking did not qualify as "serious drug offenses." In McNeil's view, although his convictions for selling cocaine and possession with intent to sell carried a maximum sentence of ten years when he was sentenced, North Carolina (where he was convicted) had subsequently reduced the sentences for those convictions to thirty-eight and thirty months, respectively. In sentencing him, he continued, the district court should look at the law currently in effect to determine whether his prior convictions meet the ACCA criteria. The district court rejected that argument and instead applied the law in effect at the time of McNeill's prior convictions, under which McNeill qualified for the enhancement.
On appeal, the Fourth Circuit affirmed, albeit on a different ground. It reasoned that when North Carolina revised its sentencing scheme in 1994, it made the new reduced sentences inapplicable to crimes committed before October 1, 1994. Thus, even under current law, the Fourth Circuit reasoned, the old sentencing law would continue to apply to McNeill's crimes, and the maximum sentence would still be ten years, rendering him eligible for the ACCA enhancement.
Yesterday, in a short and straightforward opinion by Justice Thomas, a unanimous Court affirmed.
The Court began with the text of the ACCA, which refers to to "previous convictions." Consideration of previous convictions, the opinion explained, is a "backward-looking question," which "" notwithstanding the statute's use of the present tense in the definition of "serious drug offense" "" can only be answered by considering the law at the time of the conviction.
The Court next turned to its prior interpretations of the definition of "violent felony," found in an adjacent provision of the ACCA. Because the Court has used the law at the time of a past conviction in "violent felony" cases notwithstanding present-tense language in that definition (in Taylor v. United States (1990) and James v. United States (2007)), it concluded that it should do the same here.
Finally, the Court posited that McNeill's interpretation of the statute would lead to "absurd results." Specifically, some prior convictions could "disappear" if the law were revised such that there was no clear present analogue to a statute under which a felon had been convicted in the past. Moreover, two felons who committed identical crimes and received identical sentences could nonetheless be treated differently under the ACCA depending on exactly when they were sentenced under the ACCA.
Having articulated a rule, the Court easily concluded that McNeill's previous drug offenses "" indeed, all six of them "" qualified as "serious drug offenses" for purposes of the ACCA enhancement. The Court did, however, reserve judgment on the question of what law would control under the ACCA if a state lowered the sentence for a crime and made the change retroactively applicable.
Recommended Citation: Amy Burns, Opinion analysis: Law at time of past conviction dispositive for ACCA, SCOTUSblog (Jun. 7, 2011, 1:54 PM), https://www.scotusblog.com/2011/06/opinion-analysis-law-at-time-of-past-conviction-dispositive-for-acca/


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On the one hand, having proper API documentation can be a sign of early success for an API provider, allowing new users to effectively understand the functionalities and caveats behind an API solution.
On the other hand, extensive documentation could indicate an overly complex solution with far too many variables to navigate. Read more


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Difference between revisions of "BOINC"
(Changed to the correct way to explain official packages installations: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Help:Style#Official_packages)
(https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Help:Style#Daemon_operations The correct way to explain daemon operations)
|Line 10:
|Line 10:
== Installation ==
== Installation ==
[[Pacman|Install]] the package {{Pkg|boinc}} from the [[Official Repositories]].
[[Pacman|Install]] the package {{Pkg|boinc}} from the [[Official Repositories]].
BOINC is installed as a daemon and for security reasons will be run under the newly created ''boinc'' user. We will add ourself to the ''boinc'' group and create a link to the password file so that we can manage it via the GUI.
BOINC is installed as a daemon and for security reasons will be run under the newly created ''boinc'' user. We will add ourself to the ''boinc'' group and create a link to the password file so that we can manage it via the GUI.
=== Headless Servers ===
=== Headless Servers ===
Revision as of 19:58, 29 January 2013
BOINC website: "Use the idle time on your computer (Windows, Mac, or Linux) to cure diseases, study global warming, discover pulsars, and do many other types of scientific research. It's safe, secure, and easy."
Wikipedia: "The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is a non-commercial middleware system for volunteer and grid computing. It was originally developed to support the SETI@home project before it became useful as a platform for other distributed applications in areas as diverse as mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, and astrophysics. The intent of BOINC is to make it possible for researchers to tap into the enormous processing power of personal computers around the world."
Install the package boinc from the Official Repositories.
The name of the daemon is
boinc.service. Start it and configure to autostart on boot. Read Daemons for details.
BOINC is installed as a daemon and for security reasons will be run under the newly created boinc user. We will add ourself to the boinc group and create a link to the password file so that we can manage it via the GUI.
Headless Servers
If you're planning to run BOINC on a headless server, and would like to avoid installing wkWidgets and GTK for a GUI that you won't use anyway, consider installing boinc-noguiAUR from the AUR.
Using BOINC
BOINC via the GUI
By default, a password is created in
/var/lib/boinc/gui_rpc_auth.cfg for connecting to the daemon. To simplify connection of the GUI to the daemon, cd to your home directory, create a link to the file, and change permissions to allow read access to boinc group members.
$ cd ~/ $ ln -s /var/lib/boinc/gui_rpc_auth.cfg gui_rpc_auth.cfg # chmod 640 gui_rpc_auth.cfg
If you prefer a different password, or none at all, you can edit
/var/lib/boinc/gui_rpc_auth.cfg. Then restart BOINC daemon.
If you do not like the idea of having this file in your home directory, there is an alternative approach. BOINC Manager will also look for a readable gui_rpc_auth.cfg file in the current working directory. If you make the file readable by the boinc group and ensure that the manager is run with
/var/lib/boinc as the working directory, you should find that the client connects to the daemon automatically, as desired. This can usually be achieved via the menu editor in your desktop environment of choice.
To start the GUI, use the boincmgr command
$ boincmgr
BOINC should now take you through the process of attaching to a project. NB, some projects will let you create an account remotely via the GUI while some may require you to first create an account via their website. You can attach to multiple projects if you have the resources (disk space, time, CPU power). Do this via menu option Tools / Attach to project.
If BOINC did not ask you to connect to a project, then make sure you are connected to the daemon. Go to menu option Advanced / Select computer, choose your machine's name and enter the password. (To avoid this, make sure the above steps regarding gui_rpc_auth.cfg have been done.)
Projects using GPU
If you want to use your GPU, you need the proprietary nvidia or amd drivers. For ATI/AMD Cards you also need Catalyst driver for stock kernel which you can get from AUR. For Nvidia, you also need the package opencl-nvidia located in extra.
In addition, the boinc user should be in the video group:
# gpasswd -a boinc video
The boinc user also needs to have access to your X session. Use this command to accomplish this:
xhost local:boinc
You may want to add that to a startup script.
Log files
NB, BOINC places log files in
/var/lib/boinc/stderrdae.txt /var/lib/boinc/stdoutdae.txt
Considerations when choosing a project
Projects have different minimum hardware requirements (CPU, disk space), and different times to taken to run each work unit. If you do not finish a work unit before the deadline it will sent out to someone else, but it is better to look around to see what projects suit your machine and your uptime patterns to avoid this happening.
Also, if it is important to you, check if the project makes the data and results publicly available.
Running on Arch64
Some projects provide only 32bit applications which may require 32bit libraries to run work units or show graphics. You will find most of these libraries in the [multilib] repository.
- To run WUs (e.g. Climateprediction)
- lib32-glibc, lib32-glib2
- To show graphics (e.g. Several projects of WCG, Climateprediction)
- lib32-pango, lib32-libxdamage, lib32-libxi, lib32-libgl, lib32-libjpeg6AUR (AUR), and lib32-libxmu
If you get this error :
GPU Missing
and the Work Unit does not start, you should restart the BOINC daemon :
# systemctl restart boinc
This will happen if the BOINC daemon starts before the an X session is fully initialized.
Running BIONC in laptops
If you run BIONC on a laptop with the ondemand governor (the default), it will keep the CPUs at their maximum frequencies (over)heating them and decreasing battery duration. The best way to fix this is to tell the ondemand to not rise the CPU frequencies for BIONC:
echo 1 >/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/ignore_nice_load
To do this on boot, create the following tmpfiles.d config:
w /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ondemand/ignore_nice_load - - - - 1


text:
Woman sought in Julington Creek car burglary
ST. JOHNS COUNTY, Fla. – A woman is being sought in connection with a car burglary last Saturday at the Julington Creek Plantation Park in the 3100 block of Race Track Road.
A 33-year-old woman told deputies someone smashed a window to break into her car. Her purse was stolen, along with assorted credit and ID cards.
Deputies said the woman seen in surveillance photos used one of the victim's credit cards at an Orange Park Credit Union after the burglary.
Anyone with any information on her identity is asked to call the St. Johns County Sheriff's Office at 904-209-3986 or Crime Stoppers at 888-277-TIPS (8477).
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Family Rides & Attractions
Family Rides for Kids of All Ages
Family Rides are perfect for the entire family – not too scary, just lots of fun for everybody. Our classic Carousel is a family favorite.
SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″ tall) is a person on a ride or device who is qualified by a reasonable age or other means to understand rider instructions, assist a patron, or child under 48″ in height in complying with rider instructions, and who meets all other criteria for riding.
Must be 48" tall
The Carousel is a wonderful, relaxing ride for both kids and adults. You'll choose your favorite pony from our stable of beautiful mounts and trot or gallop 'round and experience the classical Carousel come to life. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″)
Demolition Disco
Must be 50" tall
You'll drive, crash, and go a little crazy behind the wheel in Demolition Disco! Oh, it feels so good as you throttle around in a hotrod party of thumping music, amazing lights, and wild bumper cars. Riders bop, slam, and crash into family and friends behind the wheel of their very own bumper car.
Falling Star
Must be 48" tall
Riding the Falling Star is almost like astronaut training! You'll feel like you can reach right out and grab the stars as you're lifted high into the air in a giant orbit that floats up and up. It feels like you're spinning right into space… then back again into the earth's atmosphere. And just when you think you've regained your breath, LOOK OUT because you're spinning right back into space. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″).
Must be 48" tall
The first roller coaster ever in the State of New Mexico, The Galaxi is a fast paced ride on steel rails certain to delight coaster lovers of all ages. Packed with dips, tight turns, and a wild helix, The Galaxi is the perfect ride for families and thrill-seekers alike. Don't miss its own spectacular glory at night as the coaster comes alive with a light show all its own, making the ride an all new experience every time you ride. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″).
Rocky Mountain Rapids
Must be 48" tall
Climb aboard a wet & wild ride along the Rocky Mountain Rapids. You'll float along a river and speed by other attractions while you're greeted with splashes and waves at every turn. Then… there it is — the soaring peak of the Rocky Mountain Rapids, where you'll climb up and up to then drop back to the ground in a drenching splash. Trust us, when this ride is over you'll be wet, refreshed and full of smiles. 36″ to 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″).
Sea Dragon
Must be 48" tall
Jump aboard the Sea Dragon and ride a tidal wave of power! You'll be amazed at the mighty swings and sways of this enormous pirate ship. Oh, it begins gently enough, but then it swings into action climbing to soaring heights, then rocking you back down only long enough to hurl you high into the air atop another giant wave!
Must be 48" tall
The world-famous Tilt-A-Whirl is one of everyone's favorite rides! Come along and spin, spin and spin some more as you go up, down and all around. You never know which way your car is going to spin. Even if you sit there and do nothing, you'll spin clockwise then get spun the other direction! There is no control, no steering, no path… just amazing turn after turn, and smile after smile. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″).
Must be 48" tall
Chugga…chugga…chugga…WHOO WHOO! All aboard Cliff's old-time Train for a relaxing ride around the park. Just the right size for both kids and their parents, the Train engineer gives you a guided tour of all the fun things to see and do at Cliff's. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″).
The Big Flush
Must be 48" tall
It's a twisting ride through darkness as you get splashed and soaked with every drop and turn aboard The Big Flush Water Coaster. Seated inside a raft just for you, you'll be sent hurling at the mercy of gravity through a winding pipeline of water fun. It's impossible not to burst into laughter at every surprising splash and high-speed twist. Under 48″ OK with SC = Supervising Companion (over 54″). Passenger Raft Limits: 2 Persons over 54″ or 1 person over 54″ with 2 persons under 48″ or 1 person over 48″ with minimum weight of 90 lbs. Maximum Weight Per Raft: 350 lbs.


text:
Summer Institute 2010
Students and teachers work together on team projects to apply what they learned in lectures. With the guidance of an SI staff member, they work in small groups to solve real-world, research level science and engineering problems in fields such as chemistry, structural engineering, and atomic physics. On the final day of SI, students formally presented their findings.
Computational Science at Stark State College
Stark State College offers a two-year associate in applied science degree of emergency fire services. Really cool stuff with practical, hands-on training from the men that do this for a living.
OSC's 2010 Young Women's Summer Institute
Young Women's Summer Institute (YWSI) is a week-long program sponsored by Ohio Supercomputer Center for middle-school girls in Ohio. It is designed to promote computer, math, science and engineering skills as well as provide hands-on experiences. YWSI helps girls develop an interest in these subjects by allowing them to work on a practical, interesting scientific problem using the latest computer technology.
EWI WeldPredictor Demo
The Edison Welding Institute, in partnership with OSC, provides member institutions with access to an online weld simulation tool. This on-demand product allows welding engineers to evaluate the changes in temperature profiles, material microstructures, residual stresses, and welding distortion to reduce the extent of experimental trials during the design of welded joints. By using EWI WeldPredictor, engineers can explore a wide range of "what if" combinations and simulations, which results in a decrease in prototype costs and quicker production.
Inside The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital
The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital is one of the fastest growing pediatric research centers in the United States. Located on the campus of Nationwide Children's Hospital in downtown Columbus, Ohio, The Research Institute pioneers innovative solutions for improving child health and is ranked among the top 10 in national research funding.
The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Speeds Cancer Research with High-Performance Computing System
The Research Informatics Core at Nationwide Children's Hospital wanted to increase the speed at which it could digitize pathology slides and support researchers through faster computation of data. The organization worked with the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) to deploy the Windows HPC Server 2008 operating system to support its efforts. The hospital has experienced improved performance and enhanced researcher productivity with the new system.
Charles Csuri - Beyond Boundaries Presentation
Charles "Chuck" Csuri, presents "Beyond Boundaries" as a featured presenter for the Ralph Regula School's Computational Science Lecture Series. Considered the father of digital art and computer animation, Csuri showcased work that spans more than five decades, from the vector/plotter era of computer imaging to recent algorithmic paintings.


text:
GC Type SiC Heating ElementDelivery term:The date of payment from buyers deliver within days
- Price:
- minimum:
- Total supply:
- Delivery term:
The date of payment from buyers deliver within days
- seat:
- Validity to:
Long-term effective
- Last update:
2017-08-10 17:10
- Browse the number:
- Zhengzhou Brother Furnace Co.,Ltd By certification [File Integrity]
No.11, Zhengshang Road, Zhengzhou City, China
- Website: http://www.brofurnace.com/ http://xiongdiyaolu.xjxhsw.com/
Product details
SiC Heating Element
SiC heating element is one type of ceramic heating elements, which use six-party high purity green SiC powder as the main raw material. Silicon is recrystallized less than 2200 ℃ high temperature to form finished materials. The using temperatures up to 1450 °C under oxidation atmosphere, and constant working life up to 2000 hours. It is widely used in various high temperature electric furnaces and other electric heating devices, such as in the industries of magnet, ceramics, powder metallurgy, glass, metallurgy and machinery etc.
1. Selecting high purity green SiC powder, to ensure best foundation for top quality.
2. SiC tube is extruded by 500T press machine, to ensure high density uniform through whole length.
3. Excellent resistance rate between heat zone and cold zone, to avoid over-temperature of cold zone to damage furnace body.
4. Special technology to spread a protect film on the surface of hot zone, which enhance the Antioxidant property evidently and lengthen the service life.
GC type:
which is also named dumbbell bar or bludgeon
Note: when ordering, please indicate the following data:
● Outer diameter (OD)
● Length of Hot zone (HZ)
● Length of Cold zone (CZ)
● Resistance (at 1050C +/-50C)
Providing adaptable clamps and aluminum braids according to the diameter of SiC heating elements:
SiC super heating elements Electric Characters
SiC super heating elements has a greater specific resistance. When it is heated in air by electrifying until surface temperature of hot zone reaches 1050℃±50℃, its resistivity will be in the range of 600-1400mm2/M. The resistance of SiC super heating element changes with increasing temperature. From room temperature to 800℃, the curve of resitance-temperature is negative value and turns positive when the temperature is above 800℃.
SiC heating elements Surface load
Surface load=rated power/surface area of hot zone (W/cm2)
The surface load has great relation with service life of the SiC super Heating Elements. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the surface load within the limit range when heating. Overload is not permitted.
Given surface temperature of hot zone corresponding to furnace temperature, the allowed unit surface load of hot zone is as the above chart.SiC super Heating Elements
The affection of atmosphere to SiC heating elements
The atmosphere inside the furnace has great affection to the service life of the SiC heating elements. During working, the SiC heating elements (SiC elements) is oxidized gradually and produce SiO2 which seperates SiC crystals. So the local zone resistance increases and the volume expends until SiC element break down.
SiC heating elements (SiC elements) can work(1450℃)continuously for 7000 hours in the dry and pure air.
Should the gc type sic heating element caters to your requirement, welcome to buy the product with us. As one of the leading manufacturers of various electric furnaces in China, we will also offer you the customized service with cheap price.
3-Ply Layers Elastic Face Mask
price: Negotiable
Ring Drawer Cardboard Box
price: Negotiable
Stainless Steel Laser Cutting
price: Negotiable
HDPE Water Supply Pipe Machine
price: Negotiable
Monel 400 Wire
price: Negotiable
price: Negotiable


text:
Welcome to Takahashi Market
Takahashi Market was started back in 1906 by Issei immigrant, Tokutaro Takahashi. This family owned and operated market has served the San Francisco Bay Area community for four generations.
Takahashi Market carries a complete line of Asian and Hawaiian foods as well as cooking accessories. Besides specializing in Japanese and Hawaiian food items, the market also stocks Chinese, Korean, Filipino, and Thai foods. Several cookbooks explaining how to use the myriad number of exotic ingredients can be found in the store. Also available are free recipes for various Asian and Pacific-Island dishes.
We added a kitchen in 2006 – coinciding with our 100th anniversary in business. We serve Hawaiian-style plate lunches, including items such as loco moco, kalua pork, spam musubi, chili and rice. Some of our newer menu items include our salmon musubi and kalbi beef musubi.


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Winter Meetings Time
Baseball's annual meetings convene Sunday in Nashville and end on the following Thursday.
The 2,881-room Opryland Hotel will host nearly 1,000 executives from the minor leagues, manager leagues and media. The Phillies delegation will total 34. Then, toss in executives from their minor league teams.
The Opryland Hotel is massive. It seems to be as large as the entire sports complex in south Philadelphia. Heck, the spa and fitness center alone is 20,000 square-feet. There are 757 garden view rooms that overlook nine acres of indoor gardens. Christmas decorations are everywhere.
Been there several times for winter meetings. It usually took at least two days to figure out how to go from my room to the GM suite to the media center.
Two visits stick out the most, one pleasant and one embarrassing.
In 1983, I was given the highest honor a PR person could achieve, the annual Robert O. Fishel Award. Voted by your peers, the Award was started in 1981.
Embarrassing? All GM suites were on the same floor of a certain wing. While walking down the hall looking for Ed Wade's suite, there was a door open and I saw Jim Fregosi setting there. Still thinking he was our manager, I walked in the room and sat down. Only trouble, I was in the Braves' suite and accused of being a spy.
Generally, the host hotel has a large lobby which is filled with media, baseball executives and more media. The Opryland Hotel has multiple lobbies.
The week includes minor league and major league meetings. Meetings on the major league end range from PR to trainers to doctors to traveling secretaries. The big news of course comes from trades and free agent signings.
Agents love the winter meetings. It is one-stop shopping. A guy like Scott Boras will walk into a lobby and whoosh, he's surrounded by media. Agents love the attention.
On Monday noon, there is a huge Awards Luncheon in which numerous awards are presented on the minor league level.
From the Phillies minor league system:
**Baseball America will present the Lehigh Valley club with the Bob Freitas Award in recognition for long-term excellence in the operation of a Minor League franchise (in their first year of eligibility). **From the Reading staff, Scott Hunsicker, Eastern League Executive of the Year and Dan Douglas, Class AA Sports Turf Manager of the Year. **From Clearwater, Opie Cheek, Florida State League Sports Turf Manager of the Year for the 9th consecutive year and also the national winner for the Class A Sports Turf Manager of the Year. **Darin Ruf will accept the Joe Bauman Home Run Award at the luncheon for the most regular season home runs in 2012.
The meetings end with the annual Rule 5 Draft on Thursday morning.
Baseball's Hot Stove will heat up starting on Sunday. Look for a lot of news coming out of Nashville. Will there be a new Phillies center fielder?


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What are Bamboo Blinds?
One of the most popular window treatments on the market right now are Bamboo Blinds. These particular window treatments have many names including, Woven Wood Blinds, Woven Wood Shades, and Matchstick Shades. Regardless of name, these window treatments are made from natural textures such as, reeds, grasses and bamboo. Bamboo Blinds typically are paired with a matching valance that seamlessly blends in with the natural material of the blind.
What to Consider when Purchasing Bamboo Blinds?
Bamboo Blinds Style- If you are someone looking for a window treatment that can withstand the test of time, yet still offers a current and fresh look, Bamboo Blinds are the perfect solution for you. The natural fibers and neutral tones of Bamboo Blinds pair perfectly with any color and design aesthetic. While there are many neutral toned window treatment options, Bamboo Blinds are unique in that they add textural interest to a space.
Where to use Bamboo Blinds?- Because Bamboo Blinds are one of the most versatile window treatments, they really can be used in any room and with any home decor style- from traditional to modern and everything in between. Bamboo Blinds are especially complimentary to spaces that are furnished with rich wood tones.
Bamboo Blinds Light Control- Further exemplifying their versatility, Bamboo Blinds provide different degrees of light control depending on your needs. Tighter weaves provide increased light control, while loose weaves allow more sunlight to filter into a space. Regardless of your weave preference, light filtering liners and room darkening liners are optional upgrades for Bamboo Blinds.
Bamboo Blinds Operation and Mount Options
- Corded- A classic operating system, Bamboo Blinds are raised and lowered to any desired position using our cord lock system.
- Top Down Bottom Up- An increasingly popular feature that allows the Bamboo Blind to be both lifted from the bottom and lowered from the top.
- 2 on 1 Headrail- Two Bamboo Blinds are connected by one continuous headrail. This is a great feature for windows with multiple openings because the left and right blinds operate independently.
- 3 on 1 Headrail- Three Roman Shades are connected by one continuous headrail.
Mount – Bamboo Blinds can be mounted on the inside of a window frame or on the outside of a window frame depending on the design of the window and your preferences.
Layered Bamboo Blinds- A trend we are seeing being expressed across the window treatment industry specifically with Bamboo Blinds is a layered look. Layering stunning 3 Day Blind Draperies over Bamboo Blinds adds a little extra to the space and creates the perfect blend of casual elegance.
Hopefully this insight has inspired you to consider Bamboo Blinds for your window treatment needs. A 3 Day Blinds expert Design Consultant would love the opportunity to share our extensive product line with you during a free in-home consultation. Act now and book an appointment online or call 877-920-6292!


text:
Smoking Printed Silk T-shirt
Smoking Printed Silk T-shirt
Product Description:
Product Description:
White silk-cotton blend t-shirt is featuring a round neck, cap sleeves and a print of a person smoking at the front.
Outer composition: silk 28%, cotton 72%
S: Chest 92cm, Length 61cm
M: Chest 96cm, Length 62cm
L: Chest 100cm, Length 63cm
Back To Top
Designer Styled Items are all on sale up to 80% off
Custom Search
1. FINAL SALES: All sales of gift cards, e-gift certificates, cosmetics, jewelry and items marked as "Sale" are final. FINAL SALE items cannot be returned for exchange, credit, or refunds.
2. Shipping charges are none refundable.
3. We ship worldwide. However, we only use regular shipping, NO overnight shipment.
4. To prevent fraud, your billing address must match the address to which your monthly credit card statement is sent.
5. All price are in US$
6. Shipping charges are non-refundable.
If the received goods does not show exactly the same figure on the web, just because the causes of lighting differences, we are not offer exchange or return. Most of our products are in size US2-US8, Karen Millen dresses are in UK8-UK16, make sure the size before you purchase them. We won't make exchange or return if the size is not right. However, if you are willing to pay the resent shipping fee, we'll make the exchange.
Still notice that we do not use UPS or DHL shipping, and do not send urgent package. Also we don't accept UPS or DHL returned package.


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India tablet computer sales to double in 2013
NEW DELHI: Sales of tablet computers in India are expected to at least double this year to 6 million, the market's third year of growth, as new devices attract business users and low costs draw consumers, research firm Cyber Media forecast.Sales are likely to have reached 3 million in 2012, up from about 0.5 million in 2011, the firm estimated on Friday, citing data for the quarter to end-September, when companies led by
tablet coputer,tablates in India,table pc,taplet computer
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (005930.KS) sold 1.1 million tablets.With the launch of low-cost devices running on Google Inc's (GOOG.O) Android platform by local firms, sales of tablets and smartphones have grown rapidly in the last two years. A slew of global makers of tablets have also entered the market.
In 2013, new tablets based on Microsoft Corp's (MSFT.O) Windows 8 platform and companies' adoption of tablets for business applications will change the market significantly again, Faisal Kawoosa, lead analyst at CyberMedia's telecoms practice, said in a statement.India is the world's second biggest telecommunications market with about 900 million mobile phone accounts. But computer penetration is low, and only about a tenth of its 1.2 billion people has access to Internet.Samsung had a 23.9 percent share of tablet computers sold in India in the July-September quarter last year, CyberMedia Research said.
Local firm Micromax ranked second with 15.3 percent of the market, while Datawind, the maker of Aakash tablet, billed as the world's cheapest tablet computer, ranked third, it said in the report.
Apple Inc (AAPL.O), the maker of iPad tablet computers, was ranked fifth with an 8.7 percent share, the data showed.The average sales value of tablets during the quarter was about 13,200 rupees, while 63.5 percent of the sales were below 10,000 rupees, CyberMedia Research said.By comparison, the Apple's lowest-priced iPad Mini sells for 21,900 rupees, popular online retailer Flipkart.com's website showed.


text:
- About Scala
- Introduction
- In the Enterprise
- Scala Community
- Language Research
- In the Press
- The Scala Team
- Scala's Prehistory
- Contact Us
- Documentation
- Learning Scala
- Tour of Scala
- Manuals
- Books
- Scala API
- Setup & Getting Started
- Programming Guides
- Other Guides
- FAQs
- Code Examples
- Software
- Scala Developers
A Tour of Scala: Currying
Created by admin on 2008-07-05. Updated: 2008-12-21, 01:08
Note that method
Methods may define multiple parameter lists. When a method is called with a fewer number of parameter lists, then this will yield a function taking the missing parameter lists as its arguments.
Here is an example:
object CurryTest extends Application { def filter(xs: List[Int], p: Int => Boolean): List[Int] = if (xs.isEmpty) xs else if (p(xs.head)) xs.head :: filter(xs.tail, p) else filter(xs.tail, p) def modN(n: Int)(x: Int) = ((x % n) == 0) val nums = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) println(filter(nums, modN(2))) println(filter(nums, modN(3))) }
Note that method
modN is partially applied in the two
filter calls; i.e. only its first argument is actually applied. The term
modN(2) yields a function of type
Int => Boolean and is thus a possible candidate for the second argument of function
Here's the output of the program above:
List(2,4,6,8) List(3,6)


text:
Joomla, a rigid but extensible CMS
Introduction to the popular Joomla CMS (Content Management System) and its use. This strange name was chosen among many others! It is a Swahili word that expresses the community vision of the tool.
Joomla uses are quite varied: portal, magazine, e-commerce. If you wonder why use Joomla rather than Wordpress or Drupal, the first is suitable for webmasters who want a tool ready to use immediately, the second for those who need a CMS adaptable to the business of a company. Joomla is between the two.
In April 2010, Microsoft has signed the Joomla! Contributor Agreement and now contributes to the code for it to work better on its Windows IIS server.
Advantages of Joomla (since version 1.5.9)
- Upload images in the library.
- Display articles randomly selected to publicize the oldest content, besides more recent additions.
- Print format for each item.
- Sending emails to announce a new article.
- Insertion of a poll in each article (available on Drupal too).
- Banners manager.
- Custom look and feel selected by each user.
- Search field associated with a statistical research tool for the site.
- Syntax-hightlighting for code.
- Possibly assigning a different template for each page.
- Integrated Forum (Extension).
- Integrated FAQ (Extension).
Drawbacks of Joomla
Documentation is the weak point of this CMS. We do not even see on the site a list of features of the software, we must pick them up on other sites. Apart a PDF file somewhere on the site I found through Google.
The wiki and more precisely the Absolute Beginners Guide to Joomla provides some information.
Joomla has only two levels of hierarchy while Wordpress allows you to add sub-categories without limitation. That's enough for a site of entrerprises or e-commerce but Joomla is not suitable for a documentary website.
The organization of content in Joomla
Joomla page contains different types of contents called "modules".
You can place multiple modules of the same type on the page, if appropriate. To incorporate them, go to the menu Extension / Module, tick and click on Enable. The layout is defined through the edit option.
You can create new modules, choose their position and give them content with the text editor.
List of modules already included
- Content archived. List of archives.
- Banners. Space for advertising.
- Menu. To add a new menu, go to the menu manager.
- Sections. List of sections defined on the site.
- Syndicate. List of feeds available on this site. Not to be confused with the feed module that displays the contents of an RSS file.
- Custom HTML. Location for any content in HTML, set by the administrator.
- Most read. List of most viewed articles.
- Latest news. List of recent articles.
- New flash. Displays the contents of a defined category and section.
- Related. List of articles whose content is close to the displayed article. Is based on tags.
- Poll. Field to display a survey associated with an article.
- Random image. Field where an image is displayed randomly, taken within a specified directory.
- Search. Field research for the site.
- Login. Register dialog.
- Copyright footer.
Other modules:
- Who is online. Displays the number of members online.
- Statistics. Panel displaying a few statistics, such as the number of registered users.
- Wrapper. Inserts with a iframe content of a page taken from the site or another site.
- Feed. Area to display a feed.
Sections and categories
This corresponds to two levels. The sections are composed of several categories. The latter are equivalent to the categories of Wordpress: clusters where items are placed.
Ideally, sections are suitable for kinds of contents (for example: articles, videos, FAQ, forum) and categories to sort semantically the pages.
When creating a category, it is chosen to which section it belongs, and similarly, when you create an article, you define what category it belongs.
The display of sections and categories depends on the template and user choice and is not related to their structure. You can put the categories in a menu, in the header or elsewhere and it is the same for the sections.
It is advisable to create a bookmark for the site, example: www.scriptol.com. and another to link directly in the administration of the site: www.scriptol.com/administrator/
The administering is made entirely from the horizontal menu bar. It includes at right a sub-menu very useful to understand the many options in the CMS.
Getting started
From the panel you have to configure the CMS before a first use. Many challenges await you, but a tutorial will help you overcome them: Getting started with Joomla.
Useful links
- Joomla, the site
- Joomla Core Features. PDF file. (http://help.joomla.org/ghop/feb2008/task020/Joomla! Core Features V1.2.pdf)