text:
Down syndrome is a set of
physical and mental traits caused by a
gene problem that happens before birth. Children who have
Down syndrome tend to have certain features, such as a flat face and a short
neck. They also have some degree of
intellectual disability. This
varies from person to person. But in most cases it is mild to moderate.
Down syndrome is a lifelong condition. But with care
and support, most children who have Down syndrome can grow up to have healthy,
happy, productive lives.
Down syndrome is caused
by a problem with a baby's
chromosomes. Normally, a person has 46 chromosomes. But most
people with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes. In rare cases, other chromosome
problems cause Down syndrome. Having extra or abnormal chromosomes changes the
way the brain and body develop.
Experts don't know the exact
cause, but some things increase the chance
that you'll have a baby with Down syndrome. These things are called risk factors.
Your risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is higher if:
If you've had a baby with Down syndrome and are planning another pregnancy, you may want to talk to your doctor about genetic counseling.
Most children with Down
syndrome have:
Many children with Down syndrome are also born with
heart, intestine, ear, or breathing problems. These health conditions often
lead to other problems, such as airway (respiratory) infections or hearing
loss. But most of these problems can be treated.
Your doctor may
suggest that you have tests during pregnancy to find out if your baby has Down
syndrome. You may decide to have:
Sometimes a baby is diagnosed after birth. A doctor
may have a good idea that a baby has Down syndrome based on the way the baby
looks and the results of a physical exam. To make sure, the baby's blood will
be tested. It may take 2 to 3 weeks to get the test results.
Starting soon after birth, a
baby with Down syndrome will be tested for health problems, such as eye, ear, or
thyroid problems. The sooner these problems are found,
the better they can be managed. Regular doctor visits can help your child stay
in good health.
Your doctor will make a treatment plan that meets
your growing child's needs. For example, most children with Down syndrome
need speech therapy and
physical therapy. Teens and adults with Down syndrome may need occupational
therapy to learn job skills and learn how to live on their own.
Counseling may help with social skills and emotional
Many professionals will help you and your child through life. But you are vital to your
child's success. To help your child:
Raising a child with Down syndrome has both challenges
and rewards. Remember to take time for yourself. And ask for help when you need
it. Talking to other parents who are raising children with Down syndrome can be
a big help. Ask your doctor or hospital about parent support groups, or contact
a group like the National Down Syndrome Congress.
Learning about Down syndrome:
Being diagnosed:
Ongoing care:
Living with Down syndrome:
Down syndrome
is caused by abnormal cell division in early
embryo development. Normally, a child inherits 46
chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Each chromosome carries DNA, called genes, which tell how the brain and body should develop.
But a fetus with Down
syndrome has extra or abnormal chromosomes. Having extra genetic material changes the way the brain and body develop. The type of Down
syndrome depends on how many cells have the extra or abnormal chromosomes.
Medical experts believe the cell changes most
often start in a woman's egg before or at conception. Less often, the error
occurs in sperm at conception. It is not known what causes the cells to divide
abnormally. One type of Down syndrome, called translocation-type, may be
passed down through families (inherited).
There are more than 50 features of
Down syndrome. But not every person with Down syndrome has all the same features or health problems. Some features and problems are common.
Health problems related to Down syndrome, such as:
Although every child is different, you may find it helpful to understand some patterns of Down syndrome as your child grows. It also helps to know that most people who have Down syndrome can flourish and live healthy, happy, and productive lives.
Many of the challenges for people with Down syndrome are related to
intellectual disability and health problems. Problems may come up at different ages.
Your baby may reach
growth and development milestones later than other children do. These may include rolling over, sitting,
standing, walking, and talking.
In this age group, health problems and
developmental disabilities can lead to
behavior problems. For example, a child may develop
oppositional defiant disorder in part because he or
she does not communicate well or understand others' expectations.
Puberty starts
at about the same ages for teens with Down syndrome as for other teens.
They may face social difficulties and vulnerabilities, such as abuse, injury, and other types of harm. They may also have a hard time handling strong emotions and feelings. Sometimes these struggles can lead to mental health problems,
especially depression.
Men with Down syndrome most often are sterile and
cannot father children. Many women with Down syndrome can have children, and
they usually have early
Certain things increase the chance
that you will have a baby with Down syndrome. These are called risk factors. Risk factors may be different based on the type of Down syndrome.
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. People with this type have an extra chromosome (47 instead of 46) in every cell. Risk factors for this type include:
This type of Down syndrome is caused by only some cells producing 47 chromosomes. Mosaicism affects up to 3 out of 100 people who have Down
syndrome.3 Risk factors for mosaicism are similar
to those for trisomy 21.
Translocation type is the only type of Down syndrome that may be passed through families, but most of the time it happens randomly. A person with this type has 46 chromosomes, but part of one chromosome breaks and then attaches to a different chromosome. Up to 4 out of 100 people with Down syndrome have the translocation type.4
You may be a
carrier of the translocation chromosome if you have:
If you are thinking about becoming pregnant and you're at risk for having a child with Down syndrome, you may want to see a geneticist or genetic counselor. They can help you understand your risk and work with you on genetic testing.
Call a doctor immediately if:
Call a doctor if a person with Down syndrome:
The following health professionals can diagnose and/or
treat a person who has Down syndrome:
Other specialists will be needed, such as:
Your child may need to see other specialists if he or she has any complications.
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
There are two types of tests for birth defects: screening and diagnostic.
You may decide to have:
The decision to have a test for birth defects is personal. You have to think about your age, your chance of passing on a family disease, your need to know about any problems, and what you might do after you have the test results. Your spiritual beliefs and other values also may affect your decision.
To learn more about testing during pregnancy, see the topic Birth Defects Testing.
If Down syndrome
was not diagnosed before your baby was born, doctors can often get a clear sense of whether your child has Down syndrome by how your baby looks and by doing a physical exam. But traits can be
subtle in a newborn, depending on the
type of Down syndrome that he or she has.
To confirm a diagnosis, a newborn will have a blood sample taken for
chromosomal analysis, called a karyotype test.
Waiting for a formal diagnosis can be stressful.
Try to focus on caring and bonding with your newborn and getting the help you
need. Your doctor or hospital may also be able to refer you to local resources and support groups. For more information, see Treatment Overview.
Another challenge parents may face is finding a way to
tell family members and friends about their child's condition. If you don't
learn that your baby has Down syndrome until after he or she is born, you will
have little time to absorb the information before you need to answer questions
from excited family and friends who are eager for news.
The best approach may be to simply state the facts, such as, "Our baby was diagnosed
with Down syndrome." If you aren't ready to talk about your child's condition
beyond that, say so. You may feel able to tell only one or two people. If this
is the case, consider asking them to share the news with others. Of course,
there is no right or wrong way to tell people. Know that there are resources to help you.
Like all children, your child needs well-baby and well-child visits. He or she also needs regular checkups so your doctor can look for early signs of health issues that are common in people who have Down syndrome. The sooner health issues are found, the more easily they can be managed.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has guidelines about when and how often to check for certain health issues in children who have Down syndrome. The Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group also has health care guidelines for people who have Down
It is common to experience a
wide range of emotions when your baby is born with Down syndrome. While you have joy from your child's birth, you will also need to learn about and care for his or her special health care needs. Most families choose to raise their
child, while some consider foster care or adoption. Support groups and
organizations can assist you in making the best decision for your family.
Treatment for Down syndrome focuses on making sure that your child has
regular medical checkups, helping your child develop, watching for early signs of health problems, and finding support. With treatment and support, you can help your child live a happy, healthy life.
You can help your child stay
healthy by scheduling routine checkups. This will help to identify, manage, and
monitor any diseases and health problems that people with Down syndrome have
a higher chance of developing.
Doctors look for
specific problems at various ages, such as
cataracts and other eye conditions during a baby's
first year. These checkups are also a good time for you and the doctor to talk about any concerns you have. Many parents have
similar concerns as their children grow, including:
Although it may take
extra time for your child to learn and master skills, you may be surprised at
how much he or she will be able to do. With encouragement, your child can learn important skills. You can help your baby learn to walk, talk, or eat by himself. You can help your child make friends and do well in school. Later you can help him or her learn job skills and maybe live independently.
To learn how to help your child throughout life, see Home Treatment.
Your child may develop health problems related to Down syndrome, such as ear infections, dental problems, or behavior issues. He or she may need:
Your doctor or local hospital can refer you to community resources to help you learn what to expect and how
to care for your baby who has Down syndrome.
You may also want to think about joining a
support group. Talking and sharing with other parents
of children with Down syndrome can help you manage difficult feelings. It can
also help you know what kinds of challenges to expect, as well as help you to
discover the joys other parents have experienced with their children. To learn more about support groups, see the Other Places To Get Help section of this topic.
Families of children who have Down syndrome
may need other types of resources, such as:
It's also important to take time for yourself. Common frustrations and frequent highs and lows can all lead
to exhaustion.
Take good care of yourself so you have the energy to enjoy your child and
attend to his or her needs. For more information, see the topic
Caregiver Tips.
There are several
controversial treatments (including supplements,
surgery, and medicine) for Down syndrome that either have not been proved helpful or have questionable benefit. Some treatments may even cause physical harm or have ethical
implications. Talk with your doctor before
using these treatments.
Down syndrome
cannot be prevented. There are many things you can do to help your child live a happy and healthy life. For more information, see Treatment Overview.
As a parent of a child with
Down syndrome, you play an important role in helping
your child reach his or her full potential. You and your child will have challenges and
Your child will likely take more time than
other children to reach certain milestones. But his or her achievements are just as
significant and exciting to watch. Be patient, and encourage your young child as he or she learns.
Encourage your child to learn, socialize, and be physically active. For example, enroll your child in
classes with other children of the same age. Think of ways you can stimulate
your child's thinking skills without making tasks too difficult. But know
that it is okay for your child to be challenged and sometimes fail.
Enroll your young child (infant
through age 3) in an early-intervention program. These programs have staff who
are trained to monitor and encourage your child's development. Talk with a
doctor about programs in your area.
Keep encouraging your child to learn, socialize, and be physically active. Here are some tips:
Socially, teens who have Down
syndrome have the same needs as everyone else. Most will want to date,
socialize, and form intimate relationships. You can help your child develop healthy relationships by teaching appropriate social skills and behavior. Peer
acceptance and
self-esteem are affected by how well your preteen or
teen addresses these issues.
Here are some tips:
During your child's teen years, you may also want to start planning for your child's future jobs and living
arrangements. Many people who have Down syndrome live
independently as adults in group homes or apartments with support services. But
most group homes and community centers require a basic level of
self-sufficiency, such as being able to eat, dress, and bathe independently.
Vocational training helps many young adults learn how
to work in many settings, such as stores, restaurants, and
Most adults who have Down
syndrome function well in society. They often have regular jobs,
have friends and romantic relationships, and take part in community
An adult with Down syndrome benefits from working outside the
home and having social activities. Having an active lifestyle with continued
learning makes anyone, including a person with Down syndrome, feel more vibrant
and feel that his or her life is meaningful.
Adult day care may be an option. Or the Special Olympics and other activities that emphasize exercise might be options. Encourage
an adult's interests, such as in art or in hobbies such as drawing.
NCBDDD aims to find the cause of and prevent birth
defects and developmental disabilities. This agency works to help people of all
ages with disabilities live to the fullest. The website has information on
many topics, including genetics, autism, ADHD, fetal alcohol spectrum
disorders, diabetes and pregnancy, blood disorders, and hearing loss.
The March of Dimes tries to improve the health of babies
by preventing birth defects, premature birth, and early death. March of Dimes
supports research, community services, education, and advocacy to save babies'
lives. The organization's website has information on premature birth, birth
defects, birth defects testing, pregnancy, and prenatal care.
The National Dissemination Center for Children with
Disabilities (NICHCY) is the national information and referral center that
provides information on disabilities and disability-related issues for
families and professionals. The focus is on children and
youth, birth to age 22.
The National Down Syndrome Congress (NDSC) is a national advocacy
organization and a major source of information, support, and empowerment for
people with Down syndrome and their families. NDSC's goal is to create a
climate in which all people will recognize and embrace the value and dignity of
those with Down syndrome. NDSC can provide information on the nearest Down
syndrome clinic in your area.
The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS)
wants to help people with Down syndrome enhance their quality of
life, realize their life aspirations, and become valued members of the
community. NDSS advocates for research, policies, and
education to help people with Down Syndrome. The Web site
has information about health care, school and community life, the transition to
adulthood, behavior management, family issues, friendships, and more.
CitationsChun-Hui Tsai A, et al. (2011). Chromosomal disorders: Trisomies section of Genetics and dysmorphology. In WW Hay Jr et al., eds., Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Pediatrics, 20th ed., pp. 1037–1038. New York: McGraw-Hill.Cunningham FG, et al. (2010). Prenatal diagnosis and fetal therapy. In Williams Obstetrics, 23rd ed., pp. 287–311. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.Saitta SC, Zackai EH (2005). Specific chromosome disorders in newborns. In HW Taeusch et al., eds., Avery's Diseases of the Newborn, 8th ed., pp. 204–215. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.Descartes M, Carroll AJ (2007). Cytogenetics. In RM Kliegman et al., eds., Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed., pp. 502–517. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.Other Works ConsultedAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (2002). A consensus statement on health care transitions for young adults with special health care needs. Pediatrics, 110(6): 1304–1306.Cohen WI (2009). Down syndrome: Care of the child and family. In WB Carey et al., eds., Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, 4th ed., pp. 234–245. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.Committee on Genetics, American Academy of Pediatrics (2001, reaffirmed 2007). Health supervision for children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics, 107(2): 442–449.Driscoll DD, Gross SJ (2008). First trimester diagnosis and screening for fetal aneuploidy. Genetics in Medicine, 10(1): 73–75.
Next Section:
Previous Section:
Last Revised:
July 20, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Susan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics & Louis Pellegrino, MD - Developmental Pediatrics
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
For Immediate Release, June 25, 2012
New Suit Filed to Protect Hawaii's False Killer Whales From Death in Longline Fishery
HONOLULU— Environmental groups filed suit in federal court in Honolulu today against the National Marine Fisheries Service, challenging the agency's failure to finalize and implement a plan to protect false killer whales from the Hawai'i-based longline fisheries. The move is aimed at ending the continuing slaughter of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens, a large dolphin species) in the waters of Hawaii. Earthjustice is representing the Center for Biological Diversity and Turtle Island Restoration Network.
The federal fisheries agency's own studies show that longline fishing is killing Hawai'i's false killer whales at rates far higher than the animals can sustain; yet the agency is now six months past its statutory deadline to finalize a plan to reduce the killing.
"It's wrong for the government to delay action when its own studies show that these extraordinary animals can't sustain the number of deaths being visited on them by Hawaii-based longliners," said Brendan Cummings of the Center for Biological Diversity.
According to the Fisheries Service's latest official report, longline fishing is killing false killer whales found within 87 miles (140 kilometers ) of the main Hawaiian Islands — the "Hawaii insular stock" — at three times the rate this population can sustain, while false killer whales in Hawaiian waters farther from shore — the "Hawaii pelagic stock" — are dying at four times sustainable levels. The agency has proposed listing the insular stock, which numbers only about 170 animals and has been declining by 9 percent per year since 1989, as "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act.
"These magnificent false killer whales don't deserve a cruel death at the end of a longline hook, especially since common-sense solutions already exist to prevent serious injuries and drowning," said Todd Steiner, biologist and executive director of the Turtle Island Restoration Network. "The ecological cost of longlining is mounting. In addition to imperiled false killer whales, the fishery kills critically endangered sea turtles, albatrosses and other seabirds."
Congress amended the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1994, with the goal of achieving zero marine mammal morality in commercial fisheries by the year 2001. The law establishes clear deadlines for the Fisheries Service to take action to protect marine mammals, which the agency routinely ignores.
"Congress understood that that time is of the essence if we are going to save marine mammals," said Earthjustice attorney David Henkin. "But here we are, almost 20 years and a trail of litigation later, and false killer whales are still being needlessly hooked and killed in longline gear. One group of false killer whales is down to the last 170 animals, the tuna longline fishery is killing them at three times the rate they can sustain, and yet nothing is being done to protect them. Another group of false killer whales is being depleted by the fishery at four times the rate they can sustain. We're taking action to protect these false killer whales before they're gone."
Earthjustice went to court on behalf of the conservation groups in 2003 to force the Fisheries Service to classify the Hawaii longline fisheries as "Category I" due to their unsustainable "take," i.e. harming or killing false killer whales. The agency made the classification in 2004, but failed to follow up on the listing by convening a team to develop a take-reduction plan.
Another round of litigation followed, and, in January 2010, the Service finally established a take-reduction team for the false killer whales, which included scientists, conservationists, state and federal agencies and fishing industry representatives. Within six months, the team achieved consensus on a draft take-reduction plan.
More than 90 percent of longline fishery interactions lead to death for false killer whales. The animals typically drown when they are hooked by the deep-set fishing lines, which target ahi. If the false killer whales do escape, they often trail fishing gear that hinders their ability to feed, causing them to die of starvation or infections stemming from their wounds.
"The best science tells us that, to reduce the fishery's killing of false killer whales, we need to figure out how to help animals that get hooked free themselves," said Cummings, who served on the take-reduction team. "The team proposed requiring the use of 'weak hooks' that would be strong enough to hold an ahi, the fishery's target species, but weak enough to allow a larger, stronger false killer whale to straighten the hook and pull it out. Of course, this proposal, which the longliners agreed to, won't do the false killer whales any good unless and until the Fisheries Service finalizes the plan."
The agency is now more than six months past the Dec. 16, 2011 statutory deadline to finalize the plan.
In an April 26 letter to Earthjustice, agency regional administrator Michael Tosatto agreed that "conservation needs of false killer whales are of paramount concern." However, the agency claimed it needed more time to revise its take reduction plan.
"Congress understood that no take reduction plan will be perfect when it's issued, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act allows the federal fisheries agency to revise its plans, if warranted," said Henkin. "The agency cannot, however, completely deprive Hawai'i's false killer whales of vital protections while it tinkers. The law imposes deadlines for a reason."
A December 2008 study by the Government Accountability Office recognized this, saying delays in finalizing take reduction plans "could result in continued harm to already dwindling marine mammal populations."
"NMFS has known about the false killer whales' dire plight for years, but has repeatedly refused to take action until forced by litigation," Steiner said. "That's why we are headed back to court."
See more photos of the devastating toll that Hawaii-based longline fishing inflicts on Hawaii's false killer whales here: http://earthjustice.org/fkw
Earthjustice is a nonprofit, public-interest, environmental law firm. The Mid-Pacific office opened in Honolulu in 1988 as the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, and has represented dozens of environmental, native Hawaiian, and community organizations. Earthjustice is the only non-profit environmental law firm in Hawai'i and the Mid-Pacific, and does not charge clients for its services. For more information, visit www.earthjustice.org.
The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 375,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. For more information, visit www.biologicaldiversity.org
Turtle Island Restoration Network is a nonprofit environmental organization committed to the study, protection, enhancement, conservation, and preservation of the marine environment and the wildlife that lives within it. TIRN has approximately 60,000 members and supporters, many of whom reside in the state of Hawai'i, and has offices in the United States, Costa Rica, and Papua New Guinea. For more information, visit www.SeaTurtles.org.
Go back

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Genuine Samsung 30 Pin Charger Cable Data For Galaxy Tab 3 2 Note 10.1 1m Bulk
In Stock READY To SHIP!
Key Features
- Brand New & Made for Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 | Tab 3 with 30Pin Connector
see full table list at bottom.
- Compatible with older Tablets, Cable length 1m
- Charge your device on the go or Sync data to your computer
- Connect it to a wall USB Power adapter for conveint charging from wall outlet.
- Connection 30Pin to USB Cable (Model: ECC1DP0UBE)
- Dont' Get Mistaken By Fake Copies
NOTE: Sent without retail packaging to offer best price.
Tablet Models
Galaxy Tab 2
Galaxy Tab 3
Galaxy Note 10.1
And any other device that supports 30Pin USB Connection
|Compatible Brand
|For Samsung
|Compatible Model
|Galaxy Tab 2 | Galaxy Tab 3 | Galaxy Note 10.1
And any other device that supports 30 Pin USB Connection
|30 Pin to USB
|Product Type
|USB Charging/Data Cable
|1 Meter
Payment Policy
- PayPal (Preferred Payment Method) Or Bank Transfer
(Please state either Order Number or Username as reference when making payment via Bank Transfer)
- Immediate Payment is required after purchase.
- The item will be sent to you, within 1-2 Business Days, Most Orders are sent out within 24hrs
after the payment has been cleared. (excluding, Weekends & Public Holidays)
Shipment Policy
- Shipping Australia Wide
- PayPal/Checkout Confirmed Addresses Only
- Items Will be Shipped by either: Australia Post, TOLL, or StarTrack
- Recommended Registered/Insured Post in-case of loss/damage when in transit.
- Delivery time is: (Time Estimation, excluding, Weekends & Public Holidays)
- Unfortunately some items are unable to be delivered to PO Boxes or Private Bags.
(Please see shopping cart & continue to checkout, to see if this item can be sent)
Standard Delivery 1-7 Business Day's Australia Wide
Remote/rural areas can take up to 10 Business days.
Registered Delivery 1-7 Business Day's Australia Wide
Remote/rural areas can take up to 10 Business days.
Express Delivery 1-3 Business Day's Australia Wide
Remote/rural areas can take up to 5 Business days.
We use official Australia Post delivery time guide, note during high peak season
such as christmas their could be some short delays, while in transport from AusPost.
International Customers:
Returns Policy
Refund on item is only accepted:
- If buyer has received the item damaged or in faulty condition. DOA (Dead on Arrival)
- Buyer has bought item by mistake or change of mind, we offer a 30 Day Money Back Guranteed.
(Their also will be 20% Re-stock Fee, based on total cost item sold for) (item must be in 100% new conidtion & Sealed)
- All subscription codes, Gift cards & Coupon codes are Non-Refundable
- Buyer is responsible for all the return, Shipping and handling charges, you may choose your own method at your convenience.
- When Returning Damaged or faulty item, Please make sure you include all items that came with Purchase and try to use original packaging Thank You.
- All returns must be made within 7 days, from the date of item received. (If received damaged or in faulty condition)
- If you have recevied Damaged or Faulty Item, Please Contact us before Returning the item, Thanks.
- After Purchase, if item is out of stock, full Refund will be made to buyer As Soon As Possible.
Terms & Conditions
- We do not provide a refund, if:
- you have damaged the product by using it in a way it was not meant to be used.
- you have had a defect drawn to your attention before you purchased the product, for example, when products are clearly labelled as seconds or faulty.
Warranty Policy
- All products come with minimum 12 months Warranty.
- Certain RAVSIN & Generic branded items may not include any warranty due to nature of item.
e.g screen protectors, video games etc....
- Please see manufacturer's warranty information, or message us for specific item warranty duration.
- Warranty starts from the date payment is made/clear.
- Just contact or see your local manufacturer for Warranty Purposes
- And Provide the Proof of Purchase Invoice, will be offered on request & sent via email.
Be The First To Review This Product!
Help other RAVSIN users shop smarter by writing reviews for products you have purchased.
"I shopped around till I found ravsin online this is the most genuine and cost-saving item I needed for my iPhone Thank you"
"Great products at very good prices. Also very quick and easy. I recommend this company to anyone looking for excellent service and good deals."
"Thank you Ravsin for fantastic service, fantastic prices and fast delivery! 5 star."


text: Deprecated: Non-static method DojoLoader::getInstance() should not be called statically, assuming $this from incompatible context in /home/frazerse/public_html/plugins/system/dojoloader/dojoloader.php on line 27 and stop stretching out all your sweaters! - Cartoons - Frazers' Edge Home About Cartoons Artwork Buy Swag Custom Cartoons Contact Cartoons This is some blog description about this site Font size: + – Subscribe to this blog post Print Bookmark and stop stretching out all your sweaters! Friday, 03 February 2017 Tweet Tags: superheroes mothers plasticman selfies he'll also drive you home for free stop hogging all the hair! Related Posts the most powerful man in america Cartoons batman needs a cell phone Cartoons his sister is cutting the lawn right now Cartoons "Hi-yo, Racist! Away!" Cartoons down pillows prohibited in the hawkman household Cartoons Read about Brian and Sam on Salon See Brian and Sam on 'THE LIST' Been There, Drawn That idiots (132) large mammals (57) death (43) nature (40) show business (38) scams (31) dogs (29) food (29) insects (21) birds (21) small mammals (20) jasper (20) cars (18) worlds worst (18) money savers (17) chapter 11 (17) sports (16) misc. (15) assholes (14) superheroes (14) douchebags (13) hair (13) stores (12) doctors (12) Swag Strict Standards: Non-static method modCafepressWidgetHelper::getWidget() should not be called statically in /home/frazerse/public_html/modules/mod_cafepresswidget/mod_cafepresswidget.php on line 26 Strict Standards: Non-static method modCafepressWidgetHelper::api() should not be called statically in /home/frazerse/public_html/modules/mod_cafepresswidget/helper.php on line 55


text:
- Wines
- Gift Ideas
- Experiences
- Visit Us
- Dining
- Weddings & Private Events
- Accommodation
- Events
- The Grapevine
Free Delivery on all orders over $150.
Every year we diligently preserve our wines to create a library of back vintage wines which we make available at the peak of their development. A large selection of back vintage wines are always available to our wine club members and on some occasions some of these wines are available at Cellar Door and to our online customers.
$91.00 Bottle / $546.00 Case (6)
$77.35 Bottle / $464.10 Bronze Members
$130.00 Bottle / $780.00 Case (6)
$110.50 Bottle / $663.00 Bronze Members
Shop online and choose between 5 fortnightly or 10 weekly payments by Visa or Mastercard today.
Best of all Humm gives you the freedom to purchase what you want right now and pay no interest, ever!
Select Humm at the checkout when shopping online to make your purchase today and pay it off over 5 or 10 easy payments. It's just that little bit of extra breathing space to make buying easier. Simply nominate your credit card during the checkout process and you can have it now. Humm lets you breathe easy by not having to pay the full cost upfront.
Minimum spend of $100 applies.
For more information, visit shophumm.com.au


text:
Login Required
You need to have a Pokémon Trainer Club account to save your Favorite Pokémon!Log In Sign Up No Thanks
Beldum keeps itself floating by generating a magnetic force that repels earth's natural magnetism. When it sleeps, this Pokémon anchors itself to a cliff using the hooks on its rear.
Instead of blood, a powerful magnetic force courses throughout Beldum's body. This Pokémon communicates with others by sending controlled pulses of magnetism.
The Pokémon Company International is not responsible for the content of any linked website that is not operated by The Pokémon Company International. Please note that these websites' privacy policies and security practices may differ from The Pokémon Company International's standards.
Pokemon.com administrators have been notified and will review the screen name for compliance with the Terms of Use.
Your request could not be completed. Please try again. If the problem persists, please contact Customer Support.


text:
DWarmington necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 32 diseños de 11 diseñadores freelance.
http://www.iLeads.com - The competition is for a sub-site: http://www.insurance-leads.com
Since 1996 we've innovated new and exciting lead, data and marketing products for financial service industries. We're backed by the data and resources of a Fortune 200, 8 billion dollar company, and have provided services to over 44,000 clients since we started.
We are a marketing service solutions provider with products covering Insurance, Lending, Real Estate, Direct Marketing, and Lead Analytics.
The http://www.insurance-leads.com site is targeted at insurance agents located in the U.S. Most of our new clients come from the major insurance carriers (Allstate, State Farm, Farmers, New York Life, Metlife, as well as independent agents).
This is an existing property of ours (developed in 1997), and an existing market.
We are looking for experienced designer who can handle getting our message of superior quality and data out to an insurance based B2B audience. The winner will be able to handle all the design aspects of making the http://www.insurance-leads.com website not only visually pleasing but also an effective and cutting edge B2B sales tool.
The successful submission will stand out by providing an effective design that introduces our products to the visitor as well as guides them into making a decision to call us, purchase online, or fill out a contact form for us to call them.
We have a network of 185 sites, (20 more B2B), and we are using this competition to look for new talent to bring about a revamp of our network
The Insurance-Leads.com site sells to insurance professionals; therefore we will need to tie in our insurance related product lines into the site:
Lead Solutions:
Insurance leads – Auto, Life, Health, Homeowners, Disability, Long Term Care, Annuity
Lead Intelligence Solutions:
RealTAG – Instantly pull detailed profiles on 145 million households in the U.S. http://www.realtag.com
LeadXL – Gain unprecedented insight into your existing leads (developed in or out of house).
Additionally, we would like to tie in similar graphic feel as the main corporate site: http://www.ileads.com without being a copy.
We are very SEO savvy, and require a design that has best practices for SEO!
We will need PSD files and HTML, as well as an complimentary sup page design for the interior pages.


text:
Five billionaires. A miser. A Nobel laureate. A Founding Father. We've rounded up the 20 finest market minds—dead or alive—and distilled their timeless wisdom into specific suggestions for stocks, bonds and funds you can buy today. Be warned: You just might get rich.
Investor profiles by: Tom Anderson, John Dobosz, Maggie McGrath, Janet Novack, Steve Schaefer, Matt Schifrin, Samantha Sharf, Brian Solomon, Nathan Vardi, John F. Wasik
Illustrations by: Filip Peraic for Forbes.


text:
Brandeis retirement plan transition underway
Faculty and staff encouraged to review their portfolios
All Brandeis faculty and staff should be aware of important changes to the Brandeis University Retirement Plan. While the employer contributions and vesting schedule are not changing, the university is offering a streamlined and simplified investment lineup, designed to offer employees choice, simplicity and value.
A detailed Fund Change Transition Guide was sent to all participants' homes in April. The guide provides complete details about these changes, including a comprehensive fund mapping guide to show where retirement money will be moved if employees don't take action by the deadline.
Misplaced the Guide? Don't worry – it's available online.
In the meantime, here's is a brief recap of the three new investment tiers:
- Tier 1: Lifecycle Funds (through Fidelity Investments). Also referred to as Target Date Funds, Lifecycle Funds are designed to meet the needs of many types of investors—especially those who would rather spend their spare time doing things other than managing their investments.
- Tier 2: Core Funds (through Fidelity Investments). These 17 investment fund options are designed for people who want to take a more hands-on approach and select their own investment mix from a choice of individual investment options.
- Tier 3: Annuities (through TIAA-CREF). These annuity options can be a valuable component of a well-diversified retirement portfolio, both before and during retirement. Unlike mutual funds, an annuity offers the opportunity to receive the assurance of lifetime income in retirement.
All employees should decide which investment approach is best for their personal situations.
The new fund options were available beginning April 24. On June 3, all existing funds that are no longer part of the new lineup will be closed to new money. If an employee does not make an active election to choose alternative investment options, all future contributions will be redirected. In most cases, future contributions will be directed into a Lifecycle Fund based on your current age.
Categories: General


text:
The Ease of a Blog
Blogging has become one of the most popular ways to get an interactive, easily updated, fully functional website up and running quickly and simply. A blog is flexible enough to be used for just about anything -- from personal to business, from diaries to newsletters, from weddings to grand openings, and much more.
The MyDomain Advantage
It's easy to install WordPress, one of the most customizable, popular blogging software packages on the market. Or you can use our Drag and Drop Builder to create a website with a blog, an online store, a photo gallery, a forum, and much more.
WordPress blogs
- Theme Library making the simplest blog to the most complicated webzine a piece of cake
- Built-in User Registration System
- Complete Visitor Comment Control
- Password Protected Posts
- Intelligent Text Formatting
- Manage Non-Blog Content Easily
- Easy Installation and Upgrades
- Easy Importing
- Template Updates Applied to All Pages
- Supports Ping-O-Matic fox Maximum Search Engine Exposure
- Spam Protection
- Hundreds of Plugins for Extended Functionality


text:
Mixologi: A Private Affair
Black Arrow (FC)
Saturday, June 29, 2013 at 8:00 PM - Sunday, June 30, 2013 at 12:00 AM (PDT)
You asked for something smaller, and more intimate. You clamored for something different.This event is for you. Join us and a few of our closest friends and family for an unforgettable experience: a curated evening with a few of your favorite things.
This is an exclusive event with only 150 tickets available.
Don't miss out.
Your Ticket Includes
Nestled in the heart of San Francisco's Mission Disctrict, is a private event space that will host an intimate night of Mixologi's patented blend of amazing music, great food, diverse culture, and beautiful people. This all inclusive event gives you access to mouth watering food, beer on tap, hand crafted cocktails, and carefully selected music as you enjoy all facets of The Art of Diversity.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


text:
After a sharp downturn in 1999-2001, Turkey's economy managed to grow by 5 percent per year on average from 2002 to 2012 – despite global and regional crises. There is however nothing flashy about the country's rise; its success was simply based on getting the fundamentals right, like rebuilding the banking sector, getting the budget under control, and investing heavily where it counts: infrastructure, education, health, and technology.
NEW YORK – A recent visit to Turkey reminded me of its enormous economic successes during the last decade. The economy has grown rapidly, inequality is declining, and innovation is on the rise.
Turkey's achievements are all the more remarkable when one considers its neighbourhood. Its neighbours to the west, Cyprus and Greece, are at the epicentre of the eurozone crisis. To the southeast is war-torn Syria, which has already disgorged almost 400,000 refugees into Turkey. To the east lie Iraq and Iran. And to the northeast lie Armenia and Georgia. If there is a more complicated neighbourhood in the world, it would be difficult to find it.
Yet Turkey has made remarkable strides in the midst of regional upheavals. After a sharp downturn in 1999-2001, the economy grew by 5 percent per year on average from 2002 to 2012. It has remained at peace, despite regional wars. Its banks avoided the boom-bust cycle of the past decade, having learned from the banking collapse in 2000-2001. Inequality has been falling. And the government has won three consecutive general elections, each time with a greater share of the popular vote.
Related: Turkey's Sovereign Rating Raised One Level Below Investment Grade
Related: Turkey: The Big Winner In The Mediterranean Shale Game?
There is nothing flashy about Turkey's rise, which has been based on fundamentals, rather than bubbles or resource discoveries. Indeed, Turkey lacks its neighbours' oil and gas resources, but it compensates for this with the competitiveness of its industry and services. Tourism alone attracted more than 36 million visitors in 2012, making Turkey one of the world's top destinations.
Even a short stay in Ankara allows one to see these underlying strengths. The airport, highways, and other infrastructure are first class, and a high-speed intercity rail network links Ankara with other parts of the country. Much of the advanced engineering is home-grown. Turkish construction firms are internationally competitive and increasingly win bids throughout the Middle East and Africa.
Turkey's universities are rising as well. Ankara has become a hub of higher education, attracting students from Africa and Asia. Many top programs are in English, ensuring that Turkey will attract an increasing number of international students. And the country's universities are increasingly spinning off high-tech companies in avionics, information technology, and advanced electronics, among other areas.
To its credit, Turkey has begun to invest heavily in sustainable technologies. The country is rich in wind, geothermal, and other renewable energy, and will most likely become a global exporter of advanced green innovations.
Waste-treatment facilities are not typically tourist attractions, but Ankara's novel integrated urban waste-management system has rightly attracted global attention. Until a few years ago, the waste was dumped into a fetid, stinking, noxious landfill. Now, with cutting-edge technology, the landfill has been turned into a green zone.
The private waste-management company ITC receives thousands of tons of solid municipal waste each day. The waste is separated into recyclable materials (plastics, metals) and organic waste. The organic waste is processed in a fermentation plant, producing compost and methane, which is used to produce electricity in a 25-megawatt power plant. The electricity is returned to the city's power grid, while the heat exhaust is piped to the facility's greenhouses, which produce tomatoes, strawberries, and orchids.
Turkey's diversified, innovative base of industry, construction, and services serves it well in a world in which market opportunities are shifting from the United States and Western Europe to Africa, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Turkey has been deft in seizing these new opportunities, with exports increasingly headed south and east to the emerging economies, rather than west to high-income markets. This trend will continue, as Africa and Asia become robust markets for Turkey's construction firms, information technology, and green innovations.
So, how did Turkey do it? Most important, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan and his economics team, led by Deputy Prime Minister Ali Babacan, have stuck to basics and looked to the long term.
ErdoÄan came to power in 2003, after years of short-term instability and banking crises. The International Monetary Fund had been called in for an emergency rescue. Step by step, the ErdoÄan-Babacan strategy was to rebuild the banking sector, get the budget under control, and invest heavily and consistently where it counts: infrastructure, education, health, and technology.
Smart diplomacy has also helped. Turkey has remained a staunchly moderate voice in a region of extremes. It has kept an open door and balanced diplomacy (to the extent possible) with the major powers in its neighbourhood. This has helped Turkey not only to maintain its own internal balance, but also to win markets and keep friends without the heavy baggage and risks of divisive geopolitics.
Related: Turkey's New "Eastern Face" Attracts Muslim Markets
Related: Turkey Looks East, Too, As Economic Power Explodes
Related: New Turkish Prominence Undercuts Iranian Power, Prestige
No doubt, Turkey's ability to continue on a rapid growth trajectory remains uncertain. Any combination of crises – the eurozone, Syria, Iraq, Iran, or world oil prices – could create instability. Another global financial crisis could disrupt short-term capital inflows. A dangerous neighbourhood means inescapable risks, though Turkey has demonstrated a remarkable capacity during the last decade to surmount them.
Moreover, the challenge of raising educational quality and attainment, especially of girls and women, remains a priority. Fortunately, the government has clearly acknowledged the education challenge and is pursuing it through school reforms, increased investments, and the introduction of new information technologies in the classroom.
Turkey's successes have deep roots in governmental capacity and its people's skills, reflecting decades of investment and centuries of history dating back to Ottoman times. Other countries cannot simply copy these achievements; but they can still learn the main lesson that is too often forgotten in a world of "stimulus," bubbles, and short-term thinking. Long-term growth stems from prudent monetary and fiscal policies, the political will to regulate banks, and a combination of bold public and private investments in infrastructure, skills, and cutting-edge technologies.
By Jeffrey D. Sachs
Copyright: Project-Syndicate, 2013
Jeffrey D. Sachs is a Professor of Economics and the Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is also a Special Adviser to the United Nations Secretary-General on the Millennium Development Goals, as well as being the founder and co-President of the Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending extreme poverty and hunger. Sachs has authored numerous books, including The End of Poverty and Common Wealth. In 2004 and 2005, He was named among Time Magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World".
Get more special features Get more special features from the world's top economists in your inbox. Subscribe to our newsletter for alerts and daily updates.


text:
Help us to make this the most complete winners of the best of the Web. Just fill out the info below and we'll be in touch. Thanks!
Mobile sites or Apps developed specifically for handheld devices for the distribution of recent happenings. These may be offshoots of established broadcast or other existing news operations, or developed specifically for online news.


text:
We have implemented more than 3,000 Salesforce solutions that empower businesses to become more responsive, efficient, and relevant. Whether you're looking to drive efficiency, insight, reliability, simplicity, scale, or collaboration, we'll unlock the right Salesforce solution for you.
Salesforce acquired MuleSoft, and Perficient is the ideal partner to help you. Learn more.
Perficient is a long-standing partner with a proven track record combining domain and delivery expertise to create innovative cloud solutions for our joint customers to transform their business, deliver exceptional value and enable customer success using the Salesforce customer success platform.Don Lynch - SVP, Worldwide Strategic Alliances, Salesforce


text:
Contact Us on 020 7799 1900
To effect behaviour change, you need the right tools. We provide specific, targeted tools and resources that enhance your behaviour change expertise.
We provide policy advice helping government departments and organisations achieve their behavioral objectives and improve the cost effectiveness of interventions.
John Bromley
Director - Project Implementation
Our research and evaluation team provide an independent analysis of your behaviour change programmes and support on improving their effectiveness.
Dr. Rowena Merritt
Head of Research
Our online training courses, workshops, and seminars are designed with your strategic objectives in mind, using our research and best practice social marketing principles to enhance the skill set of your team.
Patrick Ladbury
Director - Training
Does behaviour change work? Here you will find the first collection of fully-researched case studies that demonstrate the success of social marketing techniques to achieve positive behaviour change.
We are The NSMC, the social marketing experts.
We're dedicated to making change happen that improves people's lives.
By applying social marketing best practices we can help you create cost-effective behaviour change programmes with impact, from getting people eating more healthily to cutting graffiti vandalism.
Sustainable change
But we don't just bring you our expertise. We're committed to sharing it. As well as programme support, research and strategic advice, we provide social marketing professionals with training, mentoring and resources to enable them to design and deliver their own behaviour change programmes, and be part of a learning community sharing best practice.
Our current client list includes Global Action Plan, USAID, Lambeth Local Authority, Disability Action, British Lung Foundation, NHS Haringey, General Medical Council, RAY, Belgian Marketing Association, British Virgin Islands. Find out more in our portfolio.
To find out how we can help you, click through to the relevant section, or email us at email@example.com.


text:
The Barnes and Mortlake History Society was founded in 1955. The Society promotes interest in the local history of Barnes, Mortlake and East Sheen in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Original research is encouraged and there are several new publications each year.
The Society plays an important role in the local community. Our lectures and other activities are justifiably popular with our 400 members and are well known for their friendly atmosphere, attracting enthusiastic support from members and guests.
Four newsletters are delivered to members each year. These provide current details about talks and other events as well as containing articles of local historical interest, news concerning the Society and individual members, and reports on visits and lectures.
From September to April each year the Society presents a lecture each month.
The emphasis is on local history but our programmes are varied and include a wide
range of historical and local topics. The lectures are free to members but non-members
are very welcome and are asked to make a payment of Ł2.
Now with Hostpapa


text: It's difficult to find a car that we'd want in our own garage more than and Audi R8. Well we just found that car--the R8 Spyder. Audi's supercar will be available in convertible form beginning next summer. Though this year has been a difficult one for all automakers, Audi reports business is relatively good. The company projects it will sell 925,000 cars worldwide for calendar year 2009 and will be profitable. If that means more cars like the R8 Spyder are in the works, we're happy.


text:
Aquaguard RO Customer Care Zunheboto - Aquaguard RO Customer Care Zunheboto is available 24x7. If you have any kind of query related to Aquaguard RO in Zunheboto, you can simply call Aquaguard customer care phone number. Aquaguard customer care Zunheboto team is always ready to resolve your queries.
Aquaguard RO Toll Free Number Zunheboto - You can register your Aquaguard RO related queries by using Aquaguard RO tollfree number Zunheboto. Being one of the top companies in India, Aquaguard RO customer care toll free team provides a 360-degree solution.
Aquaguard RO Helpline Zunheboto - To find out a solution of Aquaguard RO problems or know about Aquaguard RO latest products in Zunheboto, you can now call on Aquaguard RO Helpline number.
Customer Care Type
Contact Number
Aquaguard Customer Care Number Zunheboto
Aquaguard Complaint Zunheboto
Aquaguard Toll Free Number Zunheboto
Aquaguard Helpline in Zunheboto
Aquaguard Customer Service Zunheboto


text:
Daily Sitting and Service Schedule
Most of the practice at ZCLA follows a fairly consistent daily routine. It is helpful to know that this is also impermanent and tends to vary depending on the needs of the schedule. In general the days at ZCLA are as follows:
Wednesday through Friday morning:
*You may enter or leave the Zendo during Kinhin.
Thursday night:
Thursday evenings we sit for one period, then we go down to the Dharma hall to listen to a Teisho given by Roshi, or a Dharma Talk by one of our teachers, or a talk by a student.
Saturday mornings usually follow the routine above and end at 11:30 a.m. The Day of Reflection has a slight change of the routine. Please check the Bulletin Board or read the "This Week" email for special events and the Day of Reflection calendar.
Sunday mornings after the Zendo schedule we meet at 11:00 in the Dharma Hall for a Dharma Talk, a chat, a Public Face-to-Face or special presentation.
In the afternoon there are often classes, workshops, teachings, circles, and so on.
Face-to-Face Meeting and Interviews:
Abbot (members only): Friday mornings and Sunday mornings.
Wednesday evening and Saturday and Sunday mornings: A Senior Teacher (Sensei) or Senior Student
For Timekeeper (Jikido) schedule and instructions click here.


text:
Earn 15 Together Rewards points on this item
Dovecraft Metallic Textured A4 Card Pack x 8 Sheets
Delivery options
FREE - Standard Delivery (£2.99 on orders under £30)5-7 working days
FREE - Click & CollectCheck stock availability in your local storeChange store
Product Information
Find brilliant metallic shine and a tactile finish in this Dovecraft A4 Metallic Card Pack.

These eye-catching 250gsm sheets feature four metallic shades to add a scintillating twist to your projects, with a mesmerising embossed surface.

Ideal for creating fun die-cut shapes, unique handmade cards, dazzling scrapbook layouts, and much mo
Stress-Free Returns
Subject to exceptions, we are happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. You can return items by post or to one of our stores.Go to full returns information
Together Rewards
5 points for every pound you spend
Rewards Points PLUS Great Prices - YES! We're proud to give even more back to you and reward all Together Rewards Card members with 5 points for every £1 spent, along with exclusive offers, bonus points promotions, member exclusive gifts and more! Interested? Order a card with your purchase and once you've registered and linked your Card, you'll receive 50 FREE points (worth 50p) and you'll receive Reward Vouchers every 3 months to spend on anything you like in-store and online! Click here to find out how to get your Together Card.


text:
Tuesday was an historic day for Americans as President Barack Obama was sworn in as the 44th president of the United States. His two daughters were among the hundreds of spectators who joined President Obama on stage. As part of the family's transition to Washington, the girls needed a new school, and the Sidwell Friends School was chosen. The eldest Obama daughter, Malia, is a fifth-grade student at the LEED Platinum certified Sidwell Friends Middle School.
In order for a building to receive platinum-level certification in the LEED for New Construction (LEED-NC) category, a minimum of 52 points is required. Sidwell Friends Middle School obtained 57 points and was certified as a LEED Platinum institution in March 2007.
The building received 11/14 points in the Sustainable Sites category, 5/5 for Water Efficiency, 13/17 in the Energy & Atmosphere section, 8/13 in Materials & Resources, 15/15 for the Indoor Environmental Quality and 5/5 for Innovation & Design.
The project cost was $28 million for the 72,500 square feet of building space, which equals $386/foot. The measures taken during the construction of the school include a 90 percent reduction in municipal water use. About 80 percent of the plants on the property are native to the D.C. area, and the school uses almost 2/3 less energy than a non-LEED certified school.
Sidwell Friends' attention to the environment does not stop with the LEED Platinum Middle School. Sasha Obama, Malia's younger sister, attends the Sidwell Friends Lower School. During the construction of the Lower School, 17% of the materials used were recycled, 80% of the construction waste was recycled and the building uses natural lighting generously.
In addition to the green building standards used in the Lower School, "students bring a vegetable from home each week to prepare soup for an organization that feeds homeless people. Vegetable scraps from this community service project are composted on the Lower School campus." Source: Sidwell Friends
Even the housekeeping program maintains a focus on environmentally friendly measures. The cleaning contractor only uses Green Seal Certified cleaning products and energy-efficient cleaning equipment.
Sidwell Friends' attention to the environment is admirable and through their actions, they are educating a generation of eco-conscious children.


text:
Contact Us
Rock the Dragon
Merchandise for Dance, Performing Arts, Corporate & Events without the hassle!
Academy Allstars
AM Elite
Bay Stormers
Blast Cheer
Caterham Allstars Cheerleading
Cheer Evolution
Cheer Force Ten
Cheer Sport Alpha
Cheer Starz Academy
Coalition Allstars
Cosmic Flames
Distinction Cheer
Dream Elite
Dynasty Reign Allstars
Eclipse Allstars
Elite Allstars Infinity
Elite Beat
Expressions Cheerleading
Fallen Angels Cheer
Fame Xtreme
Fantasy Allstars
Flyers Sports Academy
Gravity Supreme Cheerleading Academy
Infinity Allstars
LA Dance & Cheer
Matrix Cheer Squad
Mystique Cheer and Dance
Nova Cheerleading Academy
Pink Lightning Cheer
Rain Allstars
Roots Dance and Cheer
Royal Vulcans
Sapphire Elite
Silver Spirit Cheer and Dance
Skegness Diamonds
South Coast Waves
Spirit Athletic
Storm Mystique Cheerleaders
Supreme Cheer and Dance
Swansea Falcons
Surrey Saints
Swindon Lightning Cheerleading Club
Team Love Cheer
Team Yorkshire Cheer
TFG Allstars
Tsunami Allstars Cheerleading
Ultimate Storm Cheer
United Cheer Team
Warriors Cheer
Wyre Forest Cheerleading
Western Warriors
Dance Schools
Abbey Dance
ABCD Dance Studios
Academy Allstars
Academy Arts By Ebony & Jalisa
Aerial Dance Academy
Affinity Dance South Hams Acro Dance
Affinity Dance South Hams Freestyle
Aitken Dance
Allégro Dance Academy
AM Elite
Amy Billington Dance Academy
Anna Rose Dance School
Antonia Cobbin School Of Dance
Ards Dance Company
Transported Aerial Dance Programme
Apollo Dance & Fitness
Blackfriars Dance Academy
Blossom Ballet
Boogie Pumps
Boundless Dance
Bourn Ballet School
Buzz Dance Academy
Carly Lewis School of Dance
Castle Street Dance Studio
CDC- Colleens Dance Company
Centre Stage
Cerise School of Dance
Charlotte Hamilton School of Dance
Charlotte Hudson School of Dance
Charlotte's School of Dance
Cheer Evolution
Cheer Starz Academy
Chelles Dance Academy
Chelmsford Dance Centre
Childrens Ballet Wales
Chiltern Dance Studio
Constance Grant Dance Centre
Cosmic Flames
CWS Dance
Dance Arc
Dance Connexions
Dance Elite School of Freestyle
Dance Lab Devon
Dancestars School of Dance
Dance Unlimited
Dance Unlimited Sheffield
Dance With Danni
Dance With Michelle
Dance Xtreme
Dani Dee School of Dance
Danielle Rawlinson School Of Dance
Demi Leigh School of Dance
DH Dance Academy
Diamante Dance Academy
Diva's Dance Academy
Dover Dance Academy
Eileen Degnan Dance
Elevation Dance Company
Elev8 Studios
Elite Beat
Elite Dancers Academy
Elite Dance Company
Elizabeth Dunn Academy
Elsa Davey School of Dance
Emily's Etoile
Erika Wilkinson Dance Academy
Euphoria Dance
FADD Studios
Fame Xtreme
Fantasy Allstars
Fi Steps
Finch School Of Dancing
Firebird Academy of Ballet
Fleur Elizabeth Academy Of Dance
Flipitas Gymnastics
Flipside Dance School
Footsteps Academy of Dance
Freesoles Dance
Frogmore Dance School
Funk Force
Fusion Dance Academy
Gracie Grooves Dance Studio
Gravity Supreme Cheerleading Academy
Greenhaff Dance School
Groundswell Dance Company
Harmonie-Rose Dance Academy
Hawthorne School Of Dance
Hebden School of Dancing
Holly Mayer Academy Of Dance
Hot Steppers School of Dance
Ickenham School of Dance
Illusion Dance Academy
Intensity Dance Company
JAG Dance Academy
JAKS Academy
Janet Lomas School Of Dancing
Jay Em Studios
Just Dance
JustDance - Norwich
KC School of Dance
Kent Dance Academy
KPA School
LA Dance & Cheer
Lake Academy
Langley School Of Dance
Laura Henderson Dance Academy
LB Studios
Let's Dance
Live 4 Dancing
Lomax School Of Dance
Louise Benson School of Dance
Lucy Heafield School Of Dance
Luminous Dance Academy
Luna Acrobatics and Aerial Dance
Mainstage Dance Academy
Makers Of Dance Energy
Matrix Cheer Squad
Miss Daisy
MV Academy
MV Young Dance Company
Nanfans Ballet School
Nash Dance Academy
NGDance Collective
One Dance Academy
Outrageous Dance
Poppys Dancing Guys & Dolls
Prima Elite
Rachael Smith School Of Dance
Rachel Dixon School of Dance
Rachel Elliott Performers
Raie Copp Academy
Rain Allstars
Reflex Acrobats
Reiss Jefferies School of Dance
Revolutionise Dance
Roots Dance Studio
Rose Ballet
Royal Atlanta Cheer and Dance
Ruby's Ballet Academy
Sapphire Elite
Sarah Hogan Movement Academy
Scotia Dance Academy
Signature Dance Studios
Silver Spirit Cheer and Dance
Simply Dance Stafford
Southsea School Of Dance
Spiral Dance Studio
Spirit Athletic
Spotlight - Dunfermline
Spotlight Dance Academy Minehead
Spotlight Dance Northampton
Star Dance Academy
Stardust Dance Academy
Starlight Dancing
Starsteps Dance
Stoke Gifford School of Dance
Storm Mystique Cheerleaders
Strathmore School Of Dance
Studio 30
Studio 86
Studio K
StudioK Crew
Sutton Dance Academy
Suzanna Raymond School of Dance
Swansea Falcons
Swindon Lightning Cheerleading Club
Tap Attack
Team Love Cheer
Teknik Dance Academy
Test Valley School Of Dance
The Academy
The Academy Of Dance
The Dan Tien
The Dancing Factory Ltd
The Dance Studio Herts
The Dance Studio Kent
The Garland Dance Academy
The Lucy Griffiths Dance and Theatre Academy
The MCD School
The McPherson Dance Studio
The Performance Factory Dance School
The SK Dance Academy
The Suffolk School of Dance
The Villager Dance Group
To The Pointe
Tsunami Allstars Cheerleading
Turning Pointe
T9 Studios
UDA - Urbanized Dance Academy
Ultimate Ballroom
Unity Dance Academy
Vacani School of Dance
Valerie's Dance Studio
Victoria Lagan Dance and Drama
Virtuoso Dance Company
VMA Dance
VR Dance
We Are Footsteps
Whiteside's School of Dance
Wiseman Stage School
Yelo Dance Company
Zamariah Dance Academy
Zest Dance
Zing Dance Studio
Zodiac Girls
Performing Arts
Performing Arts
A.C.E. Performance Team
Academy Arts By Ebony & Jalisa
Afonso School of Performing Arts
Alloway Performing Arts
AMA Theatre Arts
Blackfriars Theatre Academy
Blatherskites Theatre Company
Bosworth Theatre Stars
Caterham Performing Arts
CATS Neath Port Talbot
CATS Swansea
Cavat Theatre School
Centre Stage Wales
Chantry Dance
Chantry School
Chiswick Theatre Arts
CK Theatre School
Cossons School of Performing Arts
Debut Academy Of Performing Arts
Debut College
Diverse Performing Arts
Fame Factory
Gabriella's School of Performing Arts
Generations Performance Academy
Gillham School of Performing Arts
Hollywood Performing Arts
Inspire Theatre Arts
Jam Performing Arts
JK'S Performance Academy
Keegan Company of Performance
La Belle Arts
LAR Performing Arts
Leanne Edwards School of Theatre Arts
Liberty Performing Arts
Machen Academy of Dance & Drama
Mark Jermin Stage School
Musicality Academy
Nancy Byrne Theatre Arts
Paris Performing Arts
Pencoed Comprehensive School
Performing Arts East
Pole Pride Swansea
Pyramids Performance Academy
Sevenoaks Entertainers
Showtime Circus
Singing 4 Fun
Spotlight Dance & Theatre Academy
StageScreen MTA
Stage 2 Performing Arts Academy
Stage 8 Costumes
Stage 8 Productions
Stage 8 Theatre School
Starlight Academy of Dance and Performing Arts
Stellar Musical Theatre Company
Terri Jayne Theatre Arts
Theatre School Dance & Performing Arts
The Centre PAC
Tonbridge Performing Arts
TPA Theatre School
The Performance Factory Stage School
Vinnies Theatre School
Bubbles Mermaid Academy
Dream Team
Go Girl Academy
LT Fitness
Phoenix Dance & Fitness
PTC Sports
Radio Tircoed
Sutton Sports Village Academies
Team Dynamite
Team Firework
The Girl's Mean Business
Tiny Toes Ballet Franchisees
Our Services
Example Products
What We Do
Contact Us
0 items
This site uses cookies:
Find out more.
Okay, thank you


text:
AUSDRISK can be completed by the patient or with the assistance of a health professional or practice nurse. Patients aged 40–49 years (inclusive), or 15-54 years (inclusive) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with a 'high' score result from the AUSDRISK tool are eligible to attend a type 2 diabetes risk evaluation by their GP. For further information, refer to the MBS health assessment for people aged 40-49 years with a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and Medicare health assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
The tool is available in three formats:
- Interactive diabetes risk assessment tool - online risk level calculator
- Non-interactive diabetes risk assessment tool
- Australian type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool (AUSDRISK) (PDF 702 KB large file)
For assistance and background information on the AUSDRISK tool, please see the Background to the Australian type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool (AUSDRISK).
CopyrightThe Commonwealth of Australia, as represented by the Department of Health, owns the copyright subsisting in the AUSDRISK Tool.
It is the Department's preference that organisations or individuals wishing to use the AUSDRISK Tool directly link to the Department's website, however if you wish to reproduce the Tool - for example, on a website or in a publication - please email email@example.com or post to:
Department of Health
GPO Box 9848
Canberra ACT 2601
Page last reviewed: March 2016
You can get to this page using the shortcut URL


text:
What is aspergillosis?
Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. This fungus grows on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or other decaying vegetation.
"Cause serious illnesses in people or pets with a weakened immune system, underlying lung disease or asthma."
The Aspergillus species includes more than 150 types of mold that occur widely in the indoor and outdoor environment.Aspergillus is commonly found as a lacy mold that grows on foods. Although most of the molds are harmless, a few can cause serious illnesses in people or pets with a weakened immune system, underlying lung disease or asthma.Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus are the two most common species of Aspergillus to cause problems in cats.
How did my cat get aspergillosis?
Aspergillus is an "opportunistic pathogen", and usually afflicts immune suppressed animals.Aspergillus fungi shed microscopic spores that float in the air and are easily inhaled. Fortunately, cats have several protective mechanisms built into their bodies that help prevent infection. In the nose, these protective mechanisms include nasal sinuses to trap inhaled debris, the mucus layer that lines the nasal passages and traps debris, and the ability to sneeze, expelling inhaled debris and foreign bodies. In the remainder of the respiratory tract, the mucus lining of the respiratory passages traps debris that enters the airways, and tiny hair-like cilia that are constantly in motion 'sweep' the mucus and trapped debris up and out of the airways. A healthy immune system provides active protection of the entire body, preventing invasion and fighting infections within the body.
If Aspergillus spores, called conidia, are able to avoid these protective mechanisms and grow, they become more difficult for the body to remove. Some strains of the fungus are more pathogenic or dangerous than others, or a cat may simply be exposed to a large number of spores that overwhelm its defenses.
Aspergillosis begins when susceptible cats inhale mold spores. In some cats, the spores trigger an allergic reaction. In others, the spores cause an infection. Most infections localize in the nose, while some cats develop mild to serious lung infections. The most deadly form of aspergillosis – systemic or disseminated aspergillosis – occurs when the infection spreads beyond the lungs to other organs. Even when discovered and treated early, systemic aspergillosis is often fatal.
What does it do to a cat and what are the clinical signs?
There are two common types of Aspergillus infection in cats, nasal and systemic aspergillosis.
"The clinical signs of systemic aspergillosis depend on where the fungus localizes or becomes established in the body."
Nasal aspergillosis
Nasal aspergillosis is the most commonly diagnosed form of aspergillosis in cats. Most cases of nasal aspergillosis are invasive meaning that the fungus destroys the delicate bones of the sinuses. The less common and less invasive forms of nasal aspergillosis create an accumulation of mucus and fungus commonly referred to as a "fungal ball" or "aspergilloma." What the pet owner observes is a chronic nasal discharge ("snotty nose") that often has a strong odor, lasts for weeks to months, does not respond to antibiotics or other common therapies and typically involves only one nostril. Nosebleeds may occur intermittently and the lower edges of the nostrils are often rough, inflamed and ulcerated (the tissue ulcerates because of the discharge, which is very irritating).
Systemic aspergillosis
In systemic aspergillosis, the fungus enters the body through the respiratory tract and travels to other organs via the bloodstream, creating a more serious generalized or systemic fungal infection.
The clinical signs of systemic aspergillosis depend on where the fungus localizes or becomes established in the body. Common sites of infection include the bones and the intervertebral discs of the spine; clinical signs include lameness, weakness, and incoordination. Many cats develop draining tracts (holes with pus or bloody discharge oozing out) in the areas of infection. Fever, weight loss, appetite loss, and uveitis (deep inflammation of the eye) are also commonly associated with systemic aspergillosis. Unfortunately, most cats are terminally ill by the time they exhibit clinical signs.
How is aspergillosis diagnosed?
To diagnose nasal aspergillosis, at least two of the following four criteria must be met:
- Radiographs or a CT scan (Computed Tomography is the method of choice) or MRI) show changes that are consistent with a fungal infection.
- Fungal plaques or aspergillomas are visible with rhinoscopy (a technique where a narrow needlelike camera is inserted into the nose).
- Aspergillus organisms are seen in or cultured from either a tissue biopsy or nasal discharge.
- A blood test is positive for antibodies against an Aspergillus species.
General anesthesia is necessary for diagnostic imaging (radiographs or CT scans) as well as for rhinoscopy. In many cases, the advanced equipment required to perform these tests is only available at specialty referral practices or veterinary teaching hospitals. In some cases the yellow Aspergillusplaques can be seen within the nasal passages without specialized diagnostic equipment.
The diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis can be more challenging. Patterns of bone lysis (destruction) on radiographs or a CT scan may be suggestive of fungal infection. In some cases, the draining fluid or a tissue sample may contain visible Aspergillus organisms. If the organism is not visible, it may be cultured from fluid or tissue sample. Ideally, there would be a blood test to detect pathogenic species of Aspergillus, allowing your veterinarian to make the diagnosis non-invasively. In reality, the current test to detect Aspergillus antibodies does not differentiate between species of the fungus; the presence of antibodies could be the result of exposure to the numerous non-pathogenic species of Aspergillus. Furthermore, cats that develop systemic infections usually have a compromised immune system disease and may not even be able to produce many antibodies.
How is aspergillosis treated?
Fungal infections in general require extended treatment and many of the drugs traditionally used to treat aspergillosis have toxic side effects. Advances in techniques have enabled better success with the treatment of nasal aspergillosis, but systemic aspergillosis in cats is still challenging to treat.
Treatment of nasal aspergillosis
After anesthetizing the cat, an endotracheal tube (breathing tube) is placed in the trachea or windpipe, allowing the patient to breathe a mixture of anesthetic gases and oxygen. The area at the back of the throat is packed off with gauze sponges and an inflatable balloon catheter known as a Foley catheter. A 1% solution of clotrimazole, a topical antifungal lotion, is infused into the nose and frontal sinuses and the nostrils are sealed. The solution incubates for an hour, during which time the patient is periodically turned to ensure the solution contacts all of the surfaces of the sinuses. At the end of the incubation period, the clotrimazole is suctioned or drained out through the nostrils.
Approximately one-third of patients will require several treatments. In most cases, the nasal discharge will have resolved within 2-4 weeks. If there is still evidence of continuing infection one month after the treatment, the patient should be rechecked and another treatment should be performed.
If there is any evidence that the infection has eroded through the bones of the nasal sinuses and has entered the brain, this treatment is contraindicated and oral anti-fungal medication is required. Several months of oral therapy will be required and a 60% to 70% success rate has been reported.
Treatment of systemic aspergillosis
Treatment is particularly frustrating for systemic or disseminated aspergillosis in cats. Amphotericin B is an older anti-fungal drug, largely replaced by newer anti-fungal drugs due to its high potential to cause kidney damage. Unfortunately, many of these newer drugs are less effective against aspergillosis. To reduce the damaging side effects to the kidneys, amphotericin B has been encapsulated in liposomes (microscopic fatty envelopes) or other lipid formulations; although they have been used in humans with some success, these formulations are extremely expensive.
Long-term treatment (for months to years) with itraconazole has proven successful in some cases. Disseminated aspergillosis in humans has been treated with terbinafine and voriconazole, but there is very little research involving their use in pets.
What is the prognosis for my cat?
The prognosis is generally good for cases with localized nasal aspergillosis. The prognosis for systemic aspergillosis is guarded to poor, especially if there is evidence of sinus destruction.
Can I get aspergillosis from my cat?
Birds are the most common source of infection in humans. While the potential to contract aspergillosis from your cat exists, it is less likely if you practice good personal hygiene, especially hand washing, and avoid handling any discharges. If your cat has been diagnosed with aspergillosis, you should contact your physician for advice.


text:
Dear readers,
A warm welcome to the Luxury Brands Issue. This is the season when luxury brands launch their novelties, so CovetED covered top Events, from Luxury to Design and Fashion, to bring you a sum up of the latest news from these three worlds, which often come intertwined.
The latest in the Luxury Watches industry, profiting from the special event BASELWORLD in Switzerland and the novelties the top Brands launched at the luxury show. The new Designs from the world's best at Salone del Mobile and Milan Design Week. And the trends born from the fashion weeks of the first trimester.
But our goal is never to just report on what is going on in the Design, Fashion and Luxury world. We like to make our research as well and that is why, on the next pages, you will find a succession of inspirational articles because...well, because you crave inspiration like air!
CovetED invited Italian blogger Camilla Bellini to make a curated selection of luxury items everyone should own, from home designs to fashion. And, as usual, we present the CovetED Awards from Maison & Objet Paris, the home and decoration show which took place last January in the City of Light, making a connection to what is going to be presented at the Salone del Mobile this April in Milan.
Of course, we bring you once again the inside world of the world's best interior designers and their projects.And if you would like to visit Scotland, see our Luxury Travel Guide to the Ultimate Scottish Experience.
Enjoy CovetED Nº10 and send your thoughts about it to email@example.com! We love to interact with our readers.
PS: If you are looking for extra inspiration, visit our YouTube Channel: COVETED MAGAZINE.
I wish you a wonderful new year, full of love and success!
Just fill out the form on this page to grab your free copy!
Subscribe to Covet Edition's Magazine


text:
Product 218/467
Free Shipping on all orders! If you're the active female who wants the strengthening benefits of barefoot training but not willing to sacrifice the underfoot protection or multisurface traction of typical athletic sneakers, then you need to lace yourself up in a pair of these wicked Free 5.0 V4 from Nike! ; Modified innersleeve construction made of sandwich mesh provides a dynamic, sock-like fit that hugs the foot but still allows for easy on and off. Seamless upper with stretchy mesh innersleeve to provide a supportive, skin-like fit that moves with each stride. Minimalistic, molded sockliner mimics the curvature of the foot to provide a great fit, enhance comfort and add support. Tongue-wrap construction for comfort and easy on and off. Asymmetrical lacing system is offset to the lateral side of the foot to help reduce pressure over the top ridge of the foot for enhanced comfort. Low-profile, Phylite midsole provides a resilient ride and is tough enough to double as an outsole—dramatically reducing the overall weight. Deep flex-grooves along the length and width of the midsole enhance flexibility and help maintain stability. Strategically placed BRS 1000 carbon rubber enhances durability. Pods of solid rubber on the medial toe for durability and traction. Waffle outsole enhances traction and durability while also encouraging a more neutral and efficient toe-off. Imported. Measurements: ; Weight: 8 oz ; Product measurements were taken using size 9, width B - Medium. Please note that measurements may vary by size.
Nike Free 5.0 V4 (Court Purple/Cave Purple/White/Hyper Jade) Womens Shoes (Court Purple/Cave Purple/White/Hyper ...) - B00J8T67J2


text:
The picturesque old quarter of Koblenz, the town where the Rhine and Moselle converge, has 100 festive stalls at its romantic market, which extends from Am Plan and the Church of Our Lady to Jesuitenplatz, Rathausplatz and Münzplatz squares. The Advent calendar is awe-inspiring, made from 24 dormers of the baroque town hall. In the inner courtyard of the town hall the "Christmas-Vocal" open-air concert astounds with Christmas songs from all over the world. Explore the Christmas market for free with guides and set off on a romantic carriage-ride between the Rhein and Mosel with a warming glass of mulled wine. At the Liebfrauenkirche dive into the world of craftsmen, glass blowers, soap makers, artist blacksmiths, wood sculptors and jewellery makers. All of the wares are created before your very eyes. 'Shopping by starlight' gives you the opportunity to shop until midnight. The Forum Confluentes culture centre's newest attraction is a steamboat-themed multimedia exhibition, which takes visitors on a marvellous journey from the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress to the Loreley. Along this journey, you can use the "legend spotlight" to illuminate places featured in the legends of times gone by, and the interactive "castle camera" gives you a glimpse behind the fort's metre-thick walls.
Christmas market - opening times:
22 Nov - 22 Dec 2019
24 Nov closed
Две полезни комбинации от клавиши за мащабиране в браузъра:
Увеличаване: +
Намаляване: +
По-нататъшна помощ ще получите от доставчика на браузъра чрез щракване върху иконата:


text:
Brand: De Fonseca
Price: 35,99 €
35,99 €
Free delivery over 59 €30 day returns
Free delivery over 59 €30 day returns
35,99 €
These men's slippers have a suede upper and insole and you can tighten or loosen them with clasps as required. The cork sole is comfortable and the white outsole won't stain the floor. The feet will appreciate the ergonomic shape of the insole
Article number: 873-2610 Brand: De Fonseca Color: gray
Nothing stands in the way of your comfortable buying. Orders from 59 € have free shipping! You can choose from the widest range including limited collections.
Goods are not to your liking? Within 30 days you can return them for free.
Undamaged goods in the original packaging can be returned by sending back to the sender address. Just contact our Customer Care and order a courier. Do not forget to enclose the package sales document.
You need help? Contact us by phone or using our contact form. All available here.
Find in store
Before you go to the store, check product availability by phone.
It may happen that someone just goes with your goods to checkout.
Stores that have all selected sizes in stock
Stores that have only some of selected sizes in stock
We have sent you the new password to your e-mail.
You have been successfully logged in as


text:
As we continue to change lives by His Spirit and fulfill God's plan, Reid Temple holds fast to a simple yet profound passage from the Holy Bible - HAVE FAITH IN GOD.
We strive to demonstrate unshakeable faith moving our church to ever-greater heights and more meaningful involvement in the communities we serve through Almighty God.
Connect With Someone


text:
Interactive: Inside the big bang machine
Explainer: What's a hadron? Tour the particle zoo
The Standard Model of particle physics is one of science's most successful theories, enabling the development of devices ranging from light bulbs, to microwave ovens and television, to quantum computing devices. The Standard Model is also one of the oddest theories, because it lays out a dizzying menagerie of hundreds of subatomic particles. At its heart are 16 types of elementary particles ... plus at least one more mysterious particle that scientists are spending billions of dollars to detect.
Click on "Next" to get the full rundown.
Six "flavors" of quarks have been detected: up and down, charm and strange, top and bottom. Quarks are almost always found in different combinations, bound together by gluons (more on those later). Particles built up from quarks and gluons are called hadrons. The Large Hadron Collider is so named because it's a large collider that smashes hadrons together.
Three-quark combinations fit in the category of baryons. The best-known baryons are the proton (with two up quarks and one down quark) and the neutron (with two down quarks and one up quark).
Particles that have one quark and one antiquark fit in the category of mesons. For example, the pion, or pi meson, contains an up quark and an anti-down quark.
Six "flavors" of leptons have been detected: The negatively charged electron is the best-known lepton — along with its antimatter counterpart, the positron. This photo shows the path of single electrons passing through liquid helium, in an experiment devised by Brown University researchers.
The muon is also negatively charged, but it's about 207 times as massive as the electron. ("Who ordered that?" physicist Isidor Rabi reportedly asked.) The negatively charged tau particle is even bigger — 3,477 times as massive as the electron — but it decays into other particles in less than a trillionth of a second.
Each of those leptons has a neutrino associated with it: the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino. Neutrinos interact only weakly with other particles, and they zip through our planet virtually without a trace. Physicists only recently determined that they have mass, but there's still a great deal of mystery surrounding the ghostly particles.
Force carriers
The Standard Model sets aside a category for particles that are associated with force fields. The effect of a field can be viewed as involving an exchange of such force-carrying particles.
Four elementary force-carrying particles have been detected. The best-known force carrier is the photon — which plays a part in the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible light. The gluon binds quarks together through the strong nuclear force. The weak nuclear force involves the exchange of W and Z bosons. The W boson can carry a positive or a negative charge, while the Z boson is neutral.
If gravity could be incorporated into the Standard Model, the force-carrying particle would be called the graviton (shown here in an artist's depiction). However, gravitons have not yet been detected, and at least for now, such particles are not accounted for in the Standard Model.
Bosons vs. fermions
All force-carrying particles are bosons, but not all bosons are force carriers. The difference has to do with a property known as particle spin. Particles with a fractional spin value (for example, electrons, protons and neutrons) are fermions. Two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state. This is a property that keeps electrons from collapsing into a jumble, and thus makes chemical reactions possible.
All particles with a whole-integer spin value are classified as bosons, and such particles can occupy the same quantum state even if they're identical. The photon is the best-known type of boson.
Even atoms can be classified as fermions and bosons. This photo shows how atom clouds of lithium-7 (bosons) and lithium-6 (fermions) behave at low temperatures. The bosons collapse into a compact cloud, while the fermions can't squeeze that closely together.
The mysterious Higgs
The Higgs boson is the only particle predicted by the Standard Model that has not yet been detected. The Higgs is the main quarry for physicists at the Large Hadron Collider. This image is a simulation of the Higgs' signature as it might appear in one of the LHC's detectors.
The Higgs boson, named after Scottish theorist Peter Higgs, is thought to be associated with a field that endows some particles (such as the weak nuclear force's W and Z bosons) with mass, while leaving the electromagnetic force's photons without mass.
This Higgs field may have played a role at the very beginnings of the universe: Physicists believe that at the highest energies, the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces were unified, but something led to "electroweak symmetry breaking" as the infant cosmos cooled. That would be why the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force are distinct in the current universe. The Large Hadron Collider could shed new light on this mysterious Higgs mechanism.
Why so complicated?
Hadrons and leptons? Baryons and mesons? Fermions and bosons? Sometimes it seems as if particle physicists set up these classifications just to keep outsiders totally confused. But for researchers, these occasionally overlapping categories are useful for figuring out how different types of particles interact with each other.
In a sense, it's as if we've been talking about the game of chess but have gotten only to the point of naming the different pieces on the board: black pieces and white ones, pawns and knights, bishops and rooks, kings and queens. The real meaning of the game comes out when you start studying how the pieces perform and interact.
To delve into the deeper meaning of the Standard Model, you can visit The Particle Adventure at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, "A Subatomic Venture" at CERN, or Particle Physics UK.
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2012. Check for restrictions at: http://about.reuters.com/fulllegal.asp


text:
This post is SPONSORED by Westfield Stratford City
I've always found Westfield Stratford City is one of those places that take a day to go out and really enjoy. There something crazy like over 250 shops to choose from, a plethora of places to eat and drink as well as other places to keep you entertained like their Vue cinema.
Like me On Facebook - Follow me on Twitter - Follow on Bloglovin'
Photos by Captured by Corinne website/twitter/facebook


text:
Think globally; act locally
"Since 1963 Kleine Brogel Air Base in Belgium has been home to 20 American nuclear weapons as agreed with NATO. Recently there has been increased public protest from various organisations aimed at putting pressure on the Belgian government to commit to nuclear disarmament. In April 2005 Greenpeace Belgium joined forces with Bombspotting activists to make "citizen inspections" of three military facilities in a symbolic action aimed at pressuring NATO member states to renounce their nuclear weapons arsenal."
"During spring 2005 a resolution on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, which included a clear demand for the withdrawal of NATOs nuclear weapons in Europe, was voted for in the Belgian Senate. A few months later - in July 2005 - this resolution was also adopted in the Belgian House of Representatives. We are calling on the Belgian government to play a leading role in ensuring that NATOs nuclear doctrine and the withdrawal of the US nuclear weapons is discussed at NATO meetings, be it alone or with other like-minded NATO countries". Bart Libaut, Greenpeace Campaigner. Find out more here
"Greenpeace is campaigning for global nuclear disarmament, and there is no better time than now during this current period of increasing tension. People want peace and security, and nuclear weapons are a direct threat to both. Israel is perhaps a difficult place for Greenpeace to spread a message of peace, disarmament and arms control. But after all, this is one reason that Greenpeace is here. Trying to generate an understanding of what is wrong in nuclear technology is hard in a country that sees its own existence threatened, and that is what keeps it safe. That, of course, isn't true. Nuclear technology, whatever the purpose, is dangerous and morally irresponsible."
"Greenpeace was born as an organisation by protesting against the dangers of nuclear weapons in the 70s, and today the message of disarmament is no less relevant, especially in the Middle East where feelings run highand currently two major players, Iran and Israel, continuously feed each other's fear of destruction. We are here to tell both sides that no one wins arms races. More nuclear weapons and technology just means more fuel for the fire that is waiting to erupt". Ido Gideon, Greenpeace Campaigner. Find out more here
"France experimented with its first atomic bomb in 1960 and nuclear weapons continue to play an important role in military policy. Recently President Jacques Chirac announced that France would consider legitimate the potential use of nuclear weapons against states accused of sponsoring terrorism or threatening our sources of energy."
"In trying to blow the whistle, we frequently organise activities to inform and mobilise the population. Some of those include organising citizens' inspections of some of the major military nuclear sites, mobilising a peace flotilla to surround the biggest nuclear base in France, l'Ile Longue in Britanny, while trying to invade the same base, in a non-violent way, with the Arctic Sunrise. We have also managed to further unite the French peace movement, which has joined our campaignto put an end to the M51 missile program." Xavier Renou, Greenpeace Campaigner. Find out more here
"In Spain we work to encourage the government to take a leadership position to help stop nuclear proliferation and promote global disarmament in international and multilateral fora. As a non nuclear NATO state we also ask that the Spanish Government support the removal of NATO US nuclear weapons from Europe.
"The current Government's approach to foreign policy is focused on multilateralism and negotiated solutions to conflicts. This is an opportunity but also a challenge. Our recent work has concentrated on lobbying our Government with this purpose and launched a public campaign to raise awareness among Spanish public opinion and institutions. We also continue to promote in Spain the Majors for Peace initiative and we have now more than 50 towns and cities adhered, among them some of the main ones in Spain (Barcelona, Córdoba, Cádiz)." Mabel González Bustelo, Greenpeace Campaigner.Find out more here
"Currently there are ninety nuclear weapons stationed close to the Syrian border of Turkey in Adana Incirlik Air Base. These have the explosive capacity of 1000 Hiroshima bombs. The local villagers were never asked if they consented to having these bombs in their community and neither were the two million inhabitants of the city of Adana which is only a couple of kilometres away. When we ask them people say they do not want to live with these weapons of mass destruction.
"These US owned nuclear weapons in Incirlik are unwanted guests. We are working to get them out of Turkey back to USA for decommissioning. We are continuing to be present in the Incirlik village, close to the gates of the base, bearing witness." Aslihan Tumer, Greenpeace Campaigner. Find out more here
"Trident is the UK's current nuclear weapons system. It consists of four nuclear-armed, nuclear-powered Trident submarines, each equipped with up to 16 US Trident II D5 missiles, carrying up to 48 nuclear warheads each. Every warhead can deliver a destructive blast eight times that of that of the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945. Tony Blair has announced that a decision to renew this ageing nuclear arsenal should be taken within this parliament.
"Greenpeace is working to convince government of the absurdity and illegality of a new British nuclear weapons programme. Only when it disarms itself can the UK have the authority to call for other nuclear weapons countries to start disarming and to insist that countries like Iran do not develop their own nuclear arsenals. We are also raising awareness about Aldermaston. This is the UK's nuclear weapons lab where scientists havebeen given £5 billion to spend on expertise and equipment to develop a new generation of nuclear warheads. We are telling people in the UK of these developments and campaigning to stop them". Dominick Jenkins, Greenpeace Campaigner. Find out more here