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Catalonia is one of the northern provinces of Spain, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Andorra Mountains. Barcelona, Gerona and Besalu are all cities in Catalonia where the Jewish populations that left a deep mark on the nationality.
The people speak Catalan. There is little grass in Catalonia, as the mild climate brings little rain. The pavement is made of tiles.
The history of Catalonia is based on some key dates. In 801, the Franks led by Charlemagne took Catalonia away from the Moors. In 1188, Catalonia won its independence from the Franks through the marriage of Sovereign Count Ramon Berenguer IV to Petronella, daughter of King Ramiro II of Aragon. In 1469, the marriage alliance between Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel of Castille and Leon unites Spain.
In Barcelona, La Boqueria is an open air market off La Rambla that houses fresh food stands including fruit, vegetables, fish, meat and cheeses. The white asparagus was especially delicious. Home to the 1992 Olympics, Barcelona also houses a Spanish Village, illustrating the various provinces in Spain, and has some of the best flamenco dancing.
Today there is an operating synagogue in Barcelona that serves the areas 4,000 or so Jews. The Communidad de Israelite of Barcelona is a small building that houses a Talmud Torah, synagogue, mikveh, café and recreation area. But there are few remnants of the Call or Jewish area in the old city, except for the name of the narrow street Calle de Call a small plaque on the wall alluding to a 1391 synagogue, and now, an excavation of an old synagogue in the same neighborhood.
It is important to note that the Moors ruled over Castile and Aragon and parts of the Iberian Peninsula, but their rule never extended as far north as Catalonia. A few miles from Gerona is Besalu, where visitors can find one of three mikvehs left in Europe. Catalan Jews defined themselves Catalan.
The best representation of Jewish life in Catalonia is in Gerona, a small town an hour and 15 minutes north of Barcelona. Although no Jews live in Gerona, it is the site of the Nahmanides Foundation and houses a small Jewish museum. Sephardic Jews around the world owe a debt for the preservation of their history to Joaquim Nadal Farreras, mayor of Gerona and historian.
Gerona can be reached by taking the Renfe, the Spanish train line, from Barcelona. The Call, or Juderia, was located in the oldest part of the medieval city until 1492 when Jews left Spain due to the Expulsion.
The Call houses the Museum of the History of the Jews, where there is a permanent exhibition about the Jews of Catalonia in the Centre Bonastruc ca Porta, as well as the Nahmanides Foundation, a document and research center dedicated to Jewish heritage that also houses the Eliezer Eljanan Schalt Library. The Centre Bonastruc is the last known synagogue built in the middle of the 15th Century in Spain.
Walking through the narrow cobbled streets of the Call, with its high stone wall and stairways, visitors can imagine the hubbub of activity that must have occurred over 6 centuries ago when the Gerona Call was one of the most vibrant districts in Europe. It is the place where the Ramban himself was born and studied.
Jews began moving to Gerona around the time of the destruction of the Second Temple as there is evidence of a Jewish population as early as the Saracen Invasion. But the first mention of the settlement of Jews doesnt come until 890, when 25 Jewish families took over residences alongside the Cathedral.
Gradually they spread out forming the Call stretching from Roman via Augusta the Calls main street and along the adjacent side streets. The narrow dim street runs parallel to the River Onyar. Some of the streets are quite steep as they weave in and out of the Call.
The Jewish community the Aljama revolved its life around the synagogue, which also housed the mikveh, hospital and rooms for traveling guests. The King of Catalonia protected the Aljama in return for an annual fee. The King appointed a Mayor of the Aljama who governed the Call with the help of a council, which met in the synagogue. The Mayor and Council were autonomous from the Gerona City government and were accountable only to the King of Catalonia. The Aljama had a complex civil, social, cultural and religious organization. The system of Jewish autonomy in the middle of Gerona frequently led to conflicts, especially since one wall of the Call was adjacent to the Cathedral. A cemetery was on the western slope of the Montjuic Mountain.
During their stay in Gerona, the Jews influenced the economic life of the city as money lenders, merchants, craftsmen, bookbinders and businessmen. As a center of religious life where there was intensive study of theology in the 12th and 13th Centuries that led a trend toward mysticism, or Cabala. The development of Cabala and its study was fundamental to Gerona, were the first group of Cabalist experts on the Iberian Peninsula was trained in the first half of the 13th Century.
Moses ben Nahman, or Nahmanidis, also known as the Ramban, was born in Gerona in 1194. The Ramban is believed to be the Catalan Bonastruc ca Porta. He was Rabbi of Gerona and later Grand Rabbi of Catalonia. Ramban was a doctor, philosopher and an expert on Talmud. As a master of Cabala, he wrote the earliest examples of Cabalistic poetry and various didactic tracts that opened his teaching among Jews and Christians everywhere. From his home in the Call, Nahmanidis held Cabalistic circle. From his circle of students, sprang Jonas ben Abraham, Abben Tibon, and David Kimhi, author of Hebrew grammar.
Due to the respect he commanded from his knowledge and wisdom, the Ramban was chosen by the crown in 1263 to represent the Jews in the Barcelona dispute, held in the Grand Royal Palace. The Ramban debated Pau Cristia, a Jew who converted to Christianity who knew Torah and had beoame a Dominican monk. The purpose of the dispute was to try and convert the Jews to Christianity by debating Hebrew religious texts. The dispute took place in five sessions in the presence of the King, the Bishop of Barcelona and a large audience. The Ramban won the dispute but was subject to harassment afterwards from Christians. So in 1266, he moved to Palestine, where he died in 1269.
There were many important Cabalists after the Ramban. Meshullam ben Selomo (d. 1265) was an expert on Torah, Mishnah and Cabala who published over 50 poems. Ezra ben Selomo (1160-1238) was author of a commentary on the Song of Songs. Iona ben Abraham wrote a commentary on the Book of Proverbs as well as commentaries on ethics and penitence.
The self governing Aljama posed a problem for the Christian City government of Gerona, which attempted to impose limits on the Jews, especially related to commerce.
For example, in 1359 the health officer ordered the two Jewish bakeries to only sell bread to Jews. In 1396, he forbade Jews from selling meat in the city meat market. The prohibitions were repeated and more imposing in the 15th Century when they became broader and more discriminatory. Some laws in Gerona were designed to protect Jews, such as the prohibition that Jews remain in their homes during Holy Week of Easter. In 1436 a law was passed that forbid the stoning of Jews.
The Gerona town councilors wanted the Jews isolated from the rest of Gerona, and ordered that windows and doors opening on the main street be closed and that the gate to the Call be closed on one side of the town. When the town councilors attempted to inflict rules on the Jews, the Jewish Mayor would go to the King and often the rule would be rescinded or adjusted to keep peace between the Jews and the Christians. The King never gave up his authority over the Jews and often demanded that the Gerona town council protect the Jews from harassment.
Attacks on Jews began in the 11th Century and alternated with periods of peace. Attacks were rooted in revenge by the Christians, who felt cheated by Jewish moneylenders, envy of Jews privileges and were aroused by Christian fanaticism. While there were documented attacks in 1276, 1278, 1285, 1331, 1348, 1391, 1413 and 1418, the most serious clash was in 1391 when a mob looted the Call and killed 40 Jews. In an effort to protect the Jews, the Gerona council confined the Jews to Torre Gironella, a Roman fortress standing on the highest point of Gerona, where the Jews stayed for several days.
Despite the forceful pressure and protection by the King, the Jews often faced constant problems such as the forced sale of property, civil suits, a campaign of conversion, municipal restrictions and other actions. Constant separation did not stop the Jews from working and influencing the economic life of Gerona. They stood out as dealers of stocks, bonds and securities, pawn brokers, tax and rent collectors and landowners.
The Jewish community in Gerona had a first rate collection of books published by scholars. In 1415, Pope Benedict XIII prohibited the listening to, reading or teaching the Talmud. He ordered all books and writings be turned over to the Cathedral. The inventory of Gerona Jews in 1415 and 1416 was impressive. Documents written in Hebrew were later used by Jewish bookbinders as filling in the binding of old church books, where they were found years later.
By 1492, the Christians and Jews of Gerona were living in peace and harmony. Business dealings had been reestablished. When Ferdinand and Isabel married, they united all of Spain, chasing the Moors from the South. By then Castile included all of Catalonia. On March 31, 1492, the crown issued the edict expelling the Jews from Spain unless they renounced their religion in favor of Catholicism.
Catalan Constitutions were in place until 1714, when Philip V, the Bourbon king, conquered Cataloni; Castilian law was imposed in Catalonia through the "Nueva Planta Decrees.
The Gerona councilors were resentful of their role in carrying out the edict. They issued a proclamation allowing Jews to sell their property and goods and those who bought them had no fear of retribution. By August, the Call was no more and the new property owners received permission to open the doors and windows to allow them access to the street near the Cathedral. Those who converted were subject to the fury of the Inquisition.
Jews leaving the city saw Montjuic, the place where their dead were buried after being carried from the Call, for the last time. The secretaries of the cemetery gave it to the Nobel Joan de Sarriera on July 14, 1492, just before exiting the city, in gratitude for some favors he did for them. When the family later built a fortified house in Palau, some of the stones from the Montjuic were used to build the tower.
Many of the tombstones can now be found in the Museum of Jewish History, along with other artifacts from the Gerona Call, such as mezuzot that had been found in wall niches and covered over, only to be found in the late 20th Century.
A good deal of information about the Gerona Call can be found written in Catalan and Latin in the Diocesan Chapter House, Notarial and Historical archives of Gerona as well as in the Archives of the Crown of Aragon in Barcelona.
Revised March 2016.
All Rights Reserved
Sephardic Genealogy Resources


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Derby #280: Gamer Lifestyle
Hey, this Derby's over. When you're finished reliving past glories, check out what's going on in the Derby right now. It's probably even cooler. Or at least newer.
It's not all energy drinks and Funyuns, man. Okay, maybe it kind of is. This week we want designs celebrating the gamer lifestyle (NOT just video game characters). Give us your best takes on intimidating battle stations, Saturday night dungeon crawls with your pals, or just family game night with a board game on the kitchen table. Just stay within these rules:
No text only designs.

subset: commoncrawl


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Victor, Idaho (August 29, 2012) — The busy summer travel season may be winding down, but that doesn't mean your wanderlust has to be packed away with your shorts and tank tops for another year. Post-Labor Day travel boasts big benefits: smaller crowds, cooler temperatures, and off-season hotel specials, just to name a few. Another great deal — one that's available year-round — is a CityPASS© ticket booklet, which can save up to 50 percent off combined admission to the top sights in 11 North American destinations. And, in addition to saving money, CityPASS travelers save time, skipping the main-entrance ticket lines at many attractions.
So, now that you know fall is a terrific time to travel, check out these five reasons to pack your bags and head west.
- Southern California: Yippee! Cars Land, Transformers: The Ride — 3D and Manta are open! — Three glorious new experiences await theme park visitors in Southern California: Cars Land, a brand-new land inside the Disney California Adventure Park; Manta, a manta ray-themed coaster at SeaWorld San Diego; and Transformers: The Ride — 3D at Universal Studios Hollywood. All three attractions opened just after Memorial Day and have been drawing large, enthusiastic crowds. But now that the kids are heading back to school, those crowds will be thinning. So, don't miss your chance to check out these additions while the lines are shorter. And to make your visit even better, purchase a Southern California CityPASS admissions card, which shaves 30 percent off combined admission to all three of the parks mentioned above plus Disneyland Park. Southern California CityPASS admission cards cost $279 for adults; $239 for children, 3-9.
- Hollywood: Betty White and Justin Bieber are ready for their photo ops — Betty White and Justin Bieber are just two of this year's additions to the oh-so-photogenic collection at Madame Tussauds Hollywood. Like most of the figures on display at Madame Tussauds, Betty and Justin will happily pose for photos with you and your friends. Before you stroll down Hollywood's star-studded Walk of Fame, however, pick up a Hollywood CityPASS ticket booklet, which gets you into Madame Tussauds, and also includes tickets for a Starline Movie Stars' Homes Tour, a Red Line "Hollywood Behind-the-Scenes" tour, and a choice between either the Dolby Theatre (home of the Oscars) Guided Tour or The Hollywood Museum. Hollywood CityPASS: $59 adults, $39 children, 3-11. Saves 46 percent off regular combined admission.
- Houston: Fall is the perfect time for a prehistoric safari — Houston may be known for its forward-looking contributions to the exploration of our galaxy, but it's also home to a whole lot of prehistoric fossils and dinosaurs, all on display in the new Paleontology Hall (opened June 2012) at the Houston Museum of Natural Science. Thirty dinosaurs (all in action poses) are joined by such exhibits as real, fossilized — and touchable — dinosaur skin; a virtual, ancient aquarium; and the 12-foot-wide, reconstructed jaw of a Megalodon, a marine monster that was the largest shark that ever lived. Travel back in time with a Houston CityPASS ticket booklet, which gets you into the Museum of Natural Science and four additional attractions: Space Center Houston, Downtown Aquarium, a choice between the Houston Zoo and The Health Museum, and a choice between The Children's Museum of Houston and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Houston CityPASS: $39 adults, $29 children, 3-11. Saves 46 percent off regular combined admission.
- San Francisco: You can shake off (literally) those end-of-summer blues — The California Academy of Sciences' new Earthquake: Life on a Dynamic Planet exhibit invites you into the Shake House, where visitors see, hear and feel two simulated earthquakes: the 6.9-magnitude Loma Prieta earthquake and the 7.9-magnitude Great San Francisco Quake of 1906. Once you've been thoroughly rattled and rolled, you can browse through displays on quake preparedness and how plate tectonics shape life on our planet, or take in the Earthquake planetarium show. Admission to the California Academy of Sciences is covered in each San Francisco CityPASS ticket booklet, which also includes tickets to the Aquarium of the Bay, a Blue & Gold Fleet Bay Cruise, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and a choice between the Exploratorium or the de Young and Legion of Honor Fine Arts Museums. But wait, there's more. Each ticket booklet also includes a Muni and Cable Car 7-Day Passport, which gives you carte blanche to ride the city's famous cable cars — as well as its buses and streetcars — an unlimited number of times. San Francisco CityPASS costs $69 for adults, $39 for children, 5-12, and saves nearly half off combined regular admission prices.
- Seattle: It's your last chance to celebrate the Seattle Center's 50th anniversary — Through Oct. 21, 2012, the Seattle Center is celebrating its milestone 50th anniversary with special events, guided walking tours and art installations. Originally built for the 1962 World's Fair, the Seattle Center is home to lots of cool attractions, including the iconic Space Needle, the Pacific Science Center and EMP Museum (formerly Experience Music Project). Seattle CityPASS ticket booklets get you into all three of these attractions and also include admission to the Seattle Aquarium, an Argosy Cruises Harbor Tour, and a choice of entry to either The Museum of Flight or the Woodland Park Zoo. Seattle CityPASS ticket booklets cost $69 for adults ($44 for kids, 4-12) and save travelers nearly half off combined admission to the included attractions.
CityPASS ticket booklets are valid for nine consecutive days (14 days for Southern California), beginning with the first day of use. Ticket booklets for all of the destinations mentioned above can be purchased online at CityPASS.com or at any of the attractions.
For 15 years, CityPASS ticket booklets have been a premier product for travelers who want to visit a destination's top attractions while enjoying significant savings of up to 50 percent. CityPASS ticket booklets, which have a 99 percent customer approval rating, are available for New York City, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hollywood, Houston, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, Southern California and Toronto. For more information, visit CityPASS.com.


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The Platts industry glossary covers common
terms and abbreviations from the oil, power, petrochemicals, nuclear, gas, coal and
metals markets and industries. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com
to let us know if there is an entry you would like us to add, clarify or expand, or if
you think we have made a mistake in any of our definitions.
The 15-Day Brent crude oil market is so-called because a seller must
give a buyer a minimum 15 days notice of the intended loading dates for
a cargo of Brent Blend North Sea crude oil in
any particular month traded. 15-Day Brent is traded in discreet months.
At the point where the buyerwho may be at the end of a long trading
chainis informed of the loading dates, the cargo becomes a so-called
Dated Brent cargo.
DAP/DAT stands for Delivered at Place/Delivered at Terminal. They are incoterms that replaced DAF (Delivered at Frontier) a few years ago.
DAP/DAT Laredo for polymers would be an export assessment from the US to the Mexican market, which is the biggest importer of US-origin polymers (both PE and PP). The majority of these exports occur in bulk (railcars).
DAP/DAT essentially means that the seller delivers (and accounts for all the cost related to freight) at a specific place, with Laredo, Texas, being the major destination at the border.
Platts current FAS Houston polymer assessments are for waterborne exports (bagged) in containers. These include the bagging cost and the transport cost from the bagging facility to the port, but the freight and everything else is on the buyer.
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South's Staff Barred From Industry Zone
SEOUL—North Korea refused to allow South Koreans to travel to a jointly run industrial park inside the North, the latest form of pressure from Pyongyang as relations between the two nations remain tense.
North Korea usually allows South Korean factory managers and delivery staff to travel to the park early each morning, and others to return to the South after spending the night in the complex.
The South's Unification Ministry said the North notified it on Wednesday morning of its intention to ban staff traveling to the Kaesong Industrial Complex, which sits about 6 miles north of the border. Over 170 South Koreans were refused entry to the North on Wednesday. The North again blocked entry on Thursday morning, the ministry said.
A ministry spokesman said the North cited the reason as the current "situation" on the Korean peninsula.
Pyongyang made no comment about the move through its state media.
South Koreans have been able to leave the complex. A total of 33 traveled back on Wednesday and over 200 planned to return on Thursday. Over 800 stayed overnight in the complex on Wednesday as tenant companies made adjustments to ensure operations at the plant weren't affected by the ban on incoming staff.
- Korea Real Time: A Rundown of the Kaesong Industrial Complex
- Park Closure Would Hurt Both Sides of the Border
- South Korean Currency Slumps on Threats
- Seoul Seeks Ability to Make Nuclear Fuel
- North Korea Threatens More Nuclear Arms
- Anatomy of an Old Nuclear Facility
- U.S. Moves Missile Destroyers Near Korea
- China Conflicted on Stance Toward the North
- Japan Reacts to Threat
- North Korea Eclipses Iran as Nuclear Threat
- On Front-Line Island, Stoicism and Economic Worries
On Thursday, North Korea repeated a threat it made on Saturday that it might close the industrial park because it had taken offense at comments from media in the South that it needed to keep the park open to provide much-needed funds for the regime in Pyongyang.
North Korea recently cut off a military telephone line used to coordinate traffic flowing into and out of the complex, but instead has used a separate phone line in recent days to allow goods and people to travel as usual. It wasn't clear whether the entry ban would extend beyond Wednesday. Each morning, South Korea makes a request to the North to allow in workers to travel to the park.
The industrial zone opened in late 2004 and was a product of the first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting in 2000 between South Korean President Kim Dae-jung and North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il. More than 120 South Korean companies employ about 53,000 North Koreans to make basic products such as shoes and bags.
It is also a lucrative operation for the North: About $90 million in annual wages are paid directly to the North's government., and some of the companies based at the industrial park are among the biggest employers in Kaesong, North Korea's third-largest city.
During previous periods of inter-Korean tension, North Korea has threatened to close the project. South Korean workers were blocked from traveling to the complex for three days in 2009 as the North reacted angrily to annual military drills in the South, as it is doing again this year.
But operations at the park have continued even as all other cooperation has been suspended after provocations by North Korea against the South, including two attacks in 2010 that killed 50 South Koreans.
One South Korean factory manager who regularly travels to the complex said that his operations were running as normal on Wednesday but the entry ban meant he was unable to deliver raw materials or bring out sportswear worth about 200 million won ($178,600).
The South Korean government provides insurance for most companies operating in the Kaesong complex, but any major disruptions to operations would hurt other small South Korean businesses in the supply chain. A shutdown of the complex could have a broader impact on the South Korean economy as a signal of heightened risk of armed confrontation between the two Koreas.
"The Kaesong complex is always like a yardstick for some foreign investors when it comes to the geopolitical risk for their business on the Korean peninsula," said Cho Bong-Hyun, a senior research fellow at the IBK Economic Research Institute in Seoul.
While South Koreans were able to travel out of the complex and back into South Korea on Wednesday, the project presents a potential risk of hostage taking by the North if relations deteriorate sharply. A senior government official in Seoul said Tuesday that preparations have been made to deal with that scenario, but added it is considered highly unlikely.
"Of course we have [a contingency plan for any hostage taking at Kaesong]. We hope these things don't happen. We are getting benefits but North Korea is getting more," said the official, who spoke on condition of not being identified.
South Korea's defense minister said Wednesday that military action would be an option if needed to ensure the safety of South Koreans at the park.
Relations between the two Koreas remain tense after the North said on Tuesday it would restart its only nuclear reactor to provide more plutonium for nuclear weapons. Pyongyang also has threatened attacks on the South, Japan and U.S. bases as it reacts to sanctions imposed on it for its Feb. 12 nuclear test and military drills in the South that continue to the end of this month.
—Min Sun Lee and Kwanwoo Jun contributed to this article.
Write to Alastair Gale at email@example.com
Copyright ©2019 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8


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Anyone can shop and everyone can SAVE! This is one event you have to see!
Children and strollers welcome all PUBLIC sale days. Check the Schedule to find your favorite time to shop.
Keep up with growth spurts at JBF! The kids look GREAT and you feel SMART!
• clothing • shoes • toys • books • games • baby gear • strollers • swings • playsets • nursery items • room decor & more •
We prefer cash or check and also accept Mastercard, Visa and Discover.
Shop 30,000 square feet of bargains - organized by size, gender and category. We'll give you a friendly smile and a shopping bag so you can shop 'til you drop!
5pm-8pm - Perfect Consignors only
5pm-8pm - ALL Consignors
10am-1pm - ALL Consignors
*children/strollers not allowed during Presales but welcome during all Public Sale times
10am | 20 hour team shops
11am | 8 hour team shops
1pm | 4 hour team shops
YOU can be a Team Member too!
2pm - 9pm Consignors Shop
YOU can consign too!
4pm - 9pm
Shop extra early - $10 admission Go HERE for tickets
12pm - 9pm
Kids are free and you can be too. Like us on Facebook for Free coupons!
10am - 9pm
Enjoy FREE admission for the rest of the public sale!
10am - 4pm
Shop the restocked sales floor
*Many items an additional 25% off
4pm-9pm | Team Members Shop
5pm-9pm | Consignors Shop
6pm-9pm | $5 admission
Half-Price Presale for the Public
*Many items an additional 50% off
*Many items an additional 50% off
*Items with a star on the tag remain full price
JBF checks emailed by Saturday, March 7
615 East Robinson
Norman, OK 73071
The Cleveland County Fairgrounds is conveniently located three miles off I-35 on Robinson Street.
Lizett V
October 25, 2019
It's just awesome prices and great items.
Megan P
October 24, 2019
"The whole process is just so well organized ... S.k ,taff and volunteers are friendly... I always sell my stuff and find plenty I want to buy lol!"
Rachelle M
October 23, 2019
I love having the opportunity to off load my gently used kids items. One thing I would suggest for this location is to limit odds and ends stuff like room decor and party stuff and allow blankets and items that are used a lot. Thanks for all the help organizing these events.
Kathy Winslow
Hello, I'm Kathy and I organize the JBF sale in Norman as well as OKC and Edmond. I started this event in my living room 22 years ago, since that time we have helped thousands of families just like you clean up and cash in with JBF.
As a mom, I get it! Raising kids on a budget is tough - not to mention they grow out of things so fast. That's why we created a community event where local families can sell the items their kids no longer use, and restock their closets each season! It's a win-win and why I love JBF...I know you will too!


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The TLV320AIC23B-Q1 is a high-performance stereo audio codec with highly integrated analog functionality. The analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) within the TLV320AIC23B-Q1 use multibit sigma-delta technology with integrated oversampling digital interpolation filters. Data-transfer word lengths of 16, 20, 24, and 32 bits, with sample rates from 8 kHz to 96 kHz, are supported. The ADC sigma-delta modulator features third-order multibit architecture with up to 90-dBA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at audio sampling rates up to 96 kHz, enabling high-fidelity audio recording in a compact, power-saving design. The DAC sigma-delta modulator features a second-order multibit architecture with up to 100-dBA SNR at audio sampling rates up to 96 kHz, enabling high-quality digital audio-playback capability, while consuming less than 23 mW during playback only. The TLV320AIC23B-Q1 is the ideal analog input/output (I/O) choice for portable digital audio-player and recorder applications, such as MP3 digital audio players.
Integrated analog features consist of stereo-line inputs with an analog bypass path, a stereo headphone amplifier, with analog volume control and mute, and a complete electret-microphone-capsule biasing and buffering solution. The headphone amplifier is capable of delivering 30 mW per channel into 32 &937;. The analog bypass path allows use of the stereo-line inputs and the headphone amplifier with analog volume control, while completely bypassing the codec, thus enabling further design flexibility, such as integrated FM tuners. A microphone bias-voltage output provides a low-noise current source for electret-capsule biasing. The AIC23B has an integrated adjustable microphone amplifier (gain adjustable from 1 to 5) and a programmable gain microphone amplifier (0 dB or 20 dB). The microphone signal can be mixed with the output signals if a sidetone is required.
While the TLV320AIC23B-Q1 supports the industry-standard oversampling rates of 256 fs and 272 fs are provided, which optimize interface considerations in designs using TI C54x digital signal processors (DSPs) and universal serial bus (USB) data interfaces. A single 12-MHz crystal can supply clocking to the DSP, USB, and codec. The TLV320AIC23B-Q1 features an internal oscillator that, when connected to a 12-MHz external crystal, provides a system clock to the DSP and other peripherals at either 12 MHz or 6 MHz, using an internal clock buffer and selectable divider. Audio sample rates of 48 kHz and compact-disc (CD) standard 44.1 kHz are supported directly from a 12-MHz master clock with 250 fs and 272 fs oversampling rates.
Low power consumption and flexible power management allow selective shutdown of codec functions, thus extending battery life in portable applications. This design solution makes powerful portable stereo audio designs easily realizable in a cost-effective, space-saving total analog I/O solution: the TLV320AIC23B-Q1.
|Part number
|ADC channels
|DAC channels
|Digital audio interface
|Analog inputs
|Sampling rate (Max) (kHz)
|ADC SNR (Typ) (dB)
|DAC SNR (Typ) (dB)
|Package size: mm2:W x L (PKG)
|28TSSOP: 62 mm2: 6.4 x 9.7 (TSSOP | 28)


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Trembley to return to Astros as coaching staff changes
Third-base coach from '13 says he will stay in Houston, though role not yet announced
HOUSTON -- Dave Trembley, the former Orioles manager who spent last season as the Astros' third-base coach, said Wednesday he accepted an offer to return to the coaching staff for 2014 in a role that will be announced later.
The decision comes one day after the Astros parted ways with first-base coach Dave Clark and bullpen coach Dennis Martinez, and reassigned pitching coach Doug Brocail, who will be a special assistant to general manager Jeff Luhnow and a senior pitching advisor.
Astros manager Bo Porter, who brought Trembley to Houston, played for three Minor League teams that Trembley managed.
"I'm confident in the opportunity to show significant improvement for the 2014 season," Trembley said. "There's some acquisitions that are needed, and I know Jeff and Bo are working on acquiring that and identifying what those needs are.
"I'm certainly excited a lot of the young players did so well at a high level of the Minor Leagues and will have an opportunity to make the club. I love working with young players. Houston is a very good baseball city, the facility is one of the best in the game, and we have to start showing some improvement next year."
Trembley, 61, spent the 2011-12 seasons as the Minor League field coordinator for the Atlanta Braves. Trembley has been in professional baseball the last 29 years, including 20 years as a Minor League manager with Pittsburgh (1987-89), San Diego (1991-93), Chicago Cubs (1995-2002) and Baltimore (2003-06).
Trembley spent three years as the manager of the Orioles, taking over in June 2007, when Sam Perlozzo was dismissed, but was let go midway through '10. The Orioles went 187-283 during Trembley's tenure.
Luhnow said Tuesday that Eduardo Perez, the bench coach last season, was offered a contract to return. Hitting coach John Mallee is coming back for 2014.


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What you do when you have leftover foods from hotpot? I have plenty of leftover from last week hotpot and figure out before all the foods goes bad,I should make something out of it.At last I make some Fish ball and Chicken Soup for our dinner. Furthermore isn't nice to have a bowl of hot and warm soup in this cold winter,right? Ingredients:
1 large packet chicken stock(1.5 liter)
10 pieces fish ball (cut 1/2 each)
250 gm boneless chicken (sliced thin)
5 pieces crab stick (cut 1/2)
3-4 leaves Chinese cabbage (wash and cut 2 cm)
1 stalk cilantro ( wash and cut)
salt and ground white pepper to taste
1:Pour chicken stock in a medium pot at high heat.When the soup is rolling boil add in sliced boneless chicken ,fish ball and Chinese cabbage.
2:Cook for 2-3 minutes or until fish balls floated on the surface,then add in crab stick ,salt and ground white pepper. Dish out in a bowl and sprinkle with some cilantro,serve warm.


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Motion Picture Association Accused of Hacking
Valence Media, which operates the file-sharing portal site TorrentSpy, has accused the Motion Picture Association of America of hiring a computer hacker to help garner information for use in the industry group's copyright abuse against the site.
In a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Valence and its owners have filed their own suit claiming that the MPAA, which represents the interests of the U.S. film industry, paid a known hacker to infiltrate the company's IT systems looking for potential evidence.
If brought to court, the suit will represent one of the most high-profile accusations of industrial espionage carried out via the use of paid hackers ever heard in the U.S. legal system.
According to the suit, filed specifically in the names of Valence executives Justin Bunnell, Forrest Parker and Wes Parker, contends that the MPAA "willfully and intentionally" purchased, procured, used and disclosed private information that it unlawfully obtained via a break into the company's computing systems.
The filing further claims that the MPAA paid its hacker $15,000 to steal e-mails and screen prints from Valence's servers, including client bills and the documents related to the firm's technology infrastructure.
MPAA representatives didn't immediately return calls seeking comment on the suit, for which Valence is seeking unspecified damages.
This article was originally published on 05-25-2006
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C4 CactusNEW C4 Cactus PureTech 110 S&S 6-speed manual Feel
- Suspension with Progressive Hydraulic Cushions®
- Advanced Comfort Seats
- 7 inch touchscreen with MirrorScreen (Apple CarPlay™ and Android Auto)
- Cruise control with speed limiter
- 16 inch anthracite 'Square' alloy wheels
|NEW C4 Cactus PureTech 110 S&S 6-speed manual Feel
|47 Monthly Payments
|Dealer Deposit Contribution
|LET LOVE BLOOM Bonus
|Customer Deposit
|On the Road Price
|Total Interest
|Total Amount Payable
|APR Representative
|Total Credit Charge
|Total Advance
|Optional Final Payment
|Annual Mileage Allowance
|Excess Mileage Cost
|4.5p Per Mile
C4 CactusNEW C4 Cactus PureTech 110 S&S 6-speed manual Flair
- Suspension with Progressive Hydraulic Cushions™
- Advanced Comfort Seats
- Panoramic glass roof
- Citroën Connect Nav with TomTom mapping
- Rear parking sensors and reversing camera
|NEW C4 Cactus PureTech 110 S&S 6-speed manual Flair
|47 Monthly Payments
|Dealer Deposit Contribution
|LET LOVE BLOOM Bonus
|Customer Deposit
|On the Road Price
|Total Interest
|Total Amount Payable
|APR Representative
|Total Credit Charge
|Total Advance
|Optional Final Payment
|Annual Mileage Allowance
|Excess Mileage Cost
|4.5p Per Mile
Terms & Conditions
Personal Contract Purchase
Personal Contract Purchase (PCP) offer for Retail customers only. Not for Business Users. 0% APR Representative available on new C4 Cactus. and registered and proposed for finance through Citroen Financial Service, RH1 1QA. This promotion cannot be used together with other manufacturers promotions and is subject to availability. All details are correct at time of publication and are subject to change without notice. Offer may be varied, withdrawn or extended at any time. You will not own the vehicle until all payments are made.
At the end of the personal contract there are 3 options available:(1) Part exchange the vehicle, where equity is available;
(2) Pay the GFV or Optional Final Payment (The Optional Final Payment refers to the final payment of the agreement which will render the user able and authorised to take legal ownership of the vehicle. Guaranteed Future Value is the lowest amount that your car is guaranteed to be worth at the end of a contract purchase deal and will usually be the same as the deferred amount on the finance) to own the vehicle. At the start of your agreement, we set the GFV/Optional Final Payment for your vehicle based upon our estimate of the minimum value of your car at the end of your agreement. At the start of your agreement, we ask you to estimate your annual mileage and we ask during the term of your agreement that you meet our manufacturer maintenance/fair wear and tear standards;
or (3) return the vehicle (a charge of 5.4p per mile plus VAT for any excess mileage over 6,000 miles in this example will apply) subject to it being in good condition. In the event that you choose to return your vehicle to us at the end of the agreement, there will be nothing further to pay (subject to your vehicle meeting our fair wear and tear standards, is within the agreed mileage and your account is up-to-date). If you choose option 1 or 2 at the end of the agreement, you'll need to pay the Optional Final Payment plus the option to purchase fee. Optional final payment and option to purchase fee not payable if you opt to return the vehicle at the end of the agreement (vehicle condition, excess mileage and other charges may be payable).
Failure to make payments may affect credit rating. Other finance offers are available but cannot be used in conjunction with this offer. Indemnities may be required. Finance is subject to status and only available to applicants aged 18 and over resident in Mainland UK and N.Ireland.
On the road cash price is based on manufacturer's recommended retail price and includes 3 year warranty, 12 months' road fund licence, vehicle first registration fee, delivery, and VAT.
Finance Deposit Allowance is the amount contributed to the Customer deposit from the Dealer / Manufacturer / Finance provider that is added onto the Customer deposit amount. This therefore reduces the total amount payable and Monthly repayments for the Customer.
Deposit is the amount the customer is to pay in advance of agreement commencing.
Amount of credit is the balance that is to be paid by the credit facility.
Repayment balance is the amount of credit totaled with the total charge for credit.
Total amount payable is the sum of the deposit, repayment balance and the optional final payment.
APR representative refers to the annual rate that is charged for borrowing, expressed as a percentage number that represents the actual yearly cost of funds over the term of a loan. This includes any fees or additional costs associated with the transaction.
Fixed interest rate is an interest rate on a loan, that remains fixed for the term of the loan.
Charles Hurst Limited and Charles Hurst Motors Limited are the advertisers and will act as introducing brokers on behalf of the lender. We can introduce you to a limited number of carefully selected finance providers. We may receive a commission from them for the introduction.
Valid to 1st July 2019


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I am trying to make chanters for few months. In my opinion, I made a good one. I would like to sell it in order to make new ones (pipemaking can be expensive).
Following there is a video of myself with this chanter. If you are interesting, you can contact me with private message and write offers if you are interesting. I live in France it could be a useful information for the shipping price.
Here, the URL of the video: https://youtu.be/VT5G4Ivp7oE
and few pictures:
http://img110.xooimage.com/views/a/8/f/ ... 6020e.jpg/
http://img110.xooimage.com/views/7/c/3/ ... 60210.jpg/
http://img110.xooimage.com/views/4/9/6/ ... 60214.jpg/
http://img110.xooimage.com/views/8/2/a/ ... 60218.jpg/
My first chanter
Sell your pipes, reeds, bellows, whatever, here.
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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
Some vaccine available for uninsured and underinsured Wyoming adults for $10 to $20 a dose. Costs for above provided vaccines, subject to change.
*Child Immunizations - important changes!
Children must be Wyoming residents to receive all school required vaccines provided by the Wyoming immunization program. For HPV, Meningococcal, Hepatitis A, and Flu the child must be uninsured, underinsured, Medicaid, or Alaskan / Indian Native to receive vaccines at a discount price.
Some financial assistance available for some tests, call office for more information.
Accepted Insurance
We will bill the following insurances:
Further Information
Please contact our office at 307-733-6401, Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., for further information.


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Dallas's newest museum, the Perot Museum of Nature and Science, opens Saturday.
The museum, which has been under construction since 2009, will showcase 11 exhibit halls filled with interactive, hands-on learning that is spread out over 180,000 square feet.
In the sports hall, you can compare your form to professional athletes at the motion lab. On the running wall, you can race a T-Rex, cheetah or even Cowboys running back Felix Jones while learning about your body in motion and velocity.
The latest news from around North Texas.
"The exhibits are finishing up. The exhibits are fast and furiously getting ready for opening day," said Jennifer Scripps, director of business and partnership development.
Movie star Owen Wilson is a narrator in the Expanding Universe Hall.
"A lot of people know the voice. You have to tell them, 'He's from Dallas. It's Owen Wilson' It's a lot of fun in the Universe Hall. That's next to the dinosaur hall," said Scripps.
In the T. Boone Pickens Life Then and Now Hall visitors will see the first-ever installation of the Alamosaurus. You can also compete against an opponent in the "Predator vs. Prey" game to see how adapting to your surroundings is the key to survival.
"I hope people come and have fun. This is a world-class science museum, and our community is in for a treat," said Scripps.
Tickets are $10 for kids, $15 for adults. Annual memberships are also available. The museum is located along Woodall Rogers Freeway at Field Street.


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The academic heart of WMU
The College of Arts and Sciences represents the foundation of learning and the academic heart of WMU. With 25 departments and interdisciplinary programs, WMU's largest college offers a broad range of learning opportunities and career paths for you.
Our students are among the very top students in the country having received the very competitive and distinguished Goldwater Fellowships and Fulbright awards.
The National Association of Colleges and Employers Job Outlook Survey identifies the skills and qualities possessed by arts and sciences graduates as those qualities that are most valued by employers: excellent communication skills, ability to work in teams, and analytical thinking and problem solving.
Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences rank among the finest scholars and researchers at WMU and in the country.


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Cathay Pacific Airways Awards IAE 10-Year V-Services℠ FHA
IAE International Aero Engines AG announced today that it has signed an exclusive, 10-year V-Services Fleet Hour Agreement (FHA) with Cathay Pacific Airways to manage 48 V2500® engines operated by its wholly owned subsidiary Dragonair.
The agreement will cover installed engines on 15 A320ceos and seven A321ceos, in addition to four spare engines.
"The V2500 engine has been a strong powerplant in our fleet and has contributed to helping us achieve our vision of excelling in everything we do," said Christopher Gibbs, engineering director, Cathay Pacific Airways. "It is a reliable and environmentally friendly engine that, under FHA management, will help in our continued drive to improve operational efficiency."
"We are thrilled that Cathay Pacific selected IAE to service Dragonair's A320ceo family of aircraft," said Matthew Bromberg, president, Pratt & Whitney Aftermarket. "Cathay Pacific will enjoy the benefits that come with a V-Services FHA, which include comprehensive maintenance support, cost effectiveness and improved reliability for the fleet."
In addition to FHAs, IAE's comprehensive V-Services aftermarket portfolio includes Fixed Price Maintenance Deals, Material Plans, Spare Engine Solutions and Lessor Direct Options. Today, nearly 60 percent of the installed V2500 fleet is backed by a V-Services agreement.
Cathay Pacific Airways is a Hong Kong-based airline offering scheduled passenger and cargo services to more than 180 destinations in Asia, North America, Australia, Europe and Africa. The company is a member of the Swire group and is a public company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Dragonair is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cathay Pacific, and the airline also has a 60 percent stake in AHK Air Hong Kong Ltd, an all-cargo carrier operating regional express freight services. The airline is a founding member of the oneworld global alliance.
IAE is a multinational aero engine consortium whose shareholders are comprised of Pratt & Whitney (NYSE: UTX), Pratt & Whitney Aero Engines International GmbH, Japanese Aero Engines Corporation and MTU Aero Engines. To date, more than 6,000 V2500 engines have been delivered to close to 200 customers around the world.
This press release contains forward-looking statements concerning future business opportunities. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to changes in levels of demand in the aerospace industry, in levels of air travel, and in the number of aircraft to be built; challenges in the design, development, production and support of advanced technologies; as well as other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those detailed from time to time in the companies' Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
IAE International Aero Engines AG: www.i-a-e.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/IAEengines
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/IAEengines
For information on Pure-V™ visit: http://www.pure-v-engine.com


text: Wide Range of Products to Choose fromHifast Industrial specializes in the research, design and manufacture of home appliances and automotive parts. We offer heaters, fans, grills, irons, hair dryers, blenders, coffee makers, kettles, car radiators and tanks.New Addition to Our Product RangeAfter years of R&D, we now offer bladeless fans which are safe for children. They use air multiplier technology to generate smooth, uninterrupted air flow without unpleasant buffering. Also, their wind directions can be adjusted by angles. We export to the US and ... [Details]


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by Shirley
Horror Movies Costumes Photo 4 of 5
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Luna as Regan, the Exorcist Girl
|Costume type:
|Costumes for Kids
This homemade costume for kids entered our 2011 Halloween Costume Contest,
A word from Crystal, the 'Horror Movies' costume creator:
Every year we have a theme, this year was horror movies! I hand made most of the costumes, from Freddy's glove to Chucky's outfit! Most pieces of clothing come from shifting through the local thrift... Read more »
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Devils re-sign Adam Henriqueby Staff Writer / New Jersey Devils
Newark, NJ – The New Jersey Devils today re-signed center Adam Henrique to a new multi-year contract. The announcement was made by Devils' President/General Manager Lou Lamoriello. As per club policy, no further terms were disclosed.
Henrique, 23, will enter his third NHL season after completing 2012-13 with 11 goals and five assists for 16 points and 16 penalty minutes in 42 games with New Jersey. He made his NHL season debut January 31 after beginning the year with Albany (AHL). The 6-0, 195-lb. center played in 16 AHL games until suffering a thumb injury November 25 vs. Wilkes-Barre/Scranton in Atlantic City, NJ. His two-season totals show 27 goals and 40 assists for 67 points and 23 penalty minutes in 117 games with New Jersey. Henrique was named to the 2011-12 NHL All-Rookie Team, while finishing third in the voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's top rookie. His 51 points that season marked the fourth-highest rookie total in team history, while his 13 post-season points were a franchise record among first-year players. Born February 6, 1990 in Brantford, Ont., he was selected to participate as a rookie at the 2012 NHL All-Star Weekend. During the 2012 Stanley Cup Playoffs, he tied an NHL record with two series-clinching overtime goals. Henrique made his NHL debut April 11, 2011 vs. Boston.
Henrique was New Jersey's fourth choice (3rd round), and 82nd overall selection in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. He began his pro career with Albany in 2010-11, leading the team with 25 goals and tying the franchise's rookie record with 50 points. Henrique played four seasons of junior hockey with Windsor (OHL), where he was a member of the Spitfires' 2009 and 2010 Memorial Cup winning-teams. He participated in the 2010 OHL All-Star Game, and later that season was named the playoff MVP, leading the league with 20 goals. Henrique represented Silver Medal-winning Team Canada at the 2010 World Junior Championships.


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Public health
Models of hygienic sanitary appliances, England, 1876-1895
Tracking down the source of disease
British Sign Language description
Audio description
Public health is the population's health. As such, the broad aims of modern public health policies have been to ensure that the health of all members of a community is protected and improved.
The influence of governments, pressure groups and individuals on public health
Governments, pressure groups and individuals can greatly influence public health through political power or through enthusiastic campaigning. They can effect change on a grand scale, but public health initiatives also work at an individual level, promoting changes in behaviour that have a mass impact on a population's health. The idea of prevention is core to such activities and might include campaigns to dissuade us from smoking, eating junk food or having unprotected sex. With the rise of biomedicine, public health measures have become increasingly sophisticated, targeted and, at times, controversial.
'Eat right, exercise regularly, die anyway.'
Religious origins of ancient cleanliness
Around ten thousand years ago, when people began to move from a nomadic to a more settled lifestyle, the risks to health changed too. Increased contact with people and animals - and their waste products - generated new problems. But while the nature of both disease and good health was little understood, some ancient civilisations evolved rituals in which cleanliness and a healthy lifestyle were central. Usually religious in origin, some of these behaviours were effective public health measures. In Ancient Babylon, for example, religious teaching forbade drinking wells being dug near cemeteries and rubbish dumps. Cleanliness was also associated with belief in Ancient Egypt, where an emphasis on washing had public health benefits. But although extensive systems existed for agricultural irrigation, comparable systems for drinking water or sewage removal did not.
Ancient Greek links between lifestyle, environment and health
Advice on diet, exercise and cleanliness is found throughout the works of Hippocrates - the ancient Greeks understood some of the beneficial links between lifestyle, environment and health. Inevitably these Greek ideas became incorporated into Roman life. But while the ancient Greeks, as in ancient China and India, instituted some central control of public health, this greatly increased under the Romans. Piped water, street cleaning and public toilets and baths became part of everyday Roman life - for the privileged. The majority of the empire's population remained in relative squalor.
The Islamic Empire's public health schemes
The decline of the Roman Empire was accompanied by the loss of much of the public health infrastructure. But in the East, parts of the rising Islamic Empire were becoming renowned for health-care provision and public health schemes. Baghdad opened its first hospitals in the 800s CE and had more than 60 by the 1000s. A number of cities in the empire also had public baths and sewage systems.
Medieval laws to stop the spread of disease
From the 1000s, growing international trade renewed urbanisation in western Europe. Unfortunately, disease was commonplace in these towns and cities. Leprosy was especially widespread and laws forcing the isolation of people with leprosy were passed throughout the medieval period. Such powers were expanded in the wake of the Black Death and the subsequent waves of plague that returned over several centuries. Although plague was declining by the 1700s, epidemic diseases continued to strike. But there was less need for the strict public health measures of the plague years. Instead, a closer interest in the underlying health of populations began. Counting and valuing - characteristics of trading nations with growing empires - were now applied to populations. Censuses, disease statistics, birth rates and bills of mortality marked the earliest beginnings of epidemiology, the 'science' of public health.
The need for government involvement in public health
By the late 1700s, Britain was evolving into the first industrialised nation, a revolution that created public health challenges of a type still faced today as industrialisation spreads around the world. Although this new age brought medical advances, it occurred within a social climate of laissez faire, where little thought was given to ensuring people were healthy, clean or well housed. But after cholera arrived in Britain at the end of 1831, intervention became necessary. Subsequent reports by a new generation of social reformers such as Edwin Chadwick revealed the extent of the public health crisis in Britain. Pressure for health reform prompted the government to pass its First Public Health Act in 1848.
The continuing problems of housing and public health
Reforms continued with the growth of public health bureaucracies armed with new powers that were strengthened in the following decades. Yet this positive approach did not signify a quick journey to better health. At the end of the 1800s mile after mile of foul slum housing remained in Britain and the shocking physical condition of Boer War recruits paid testament to the deprivations endured daily.
Improvements in public health: personal responsibility
The 20th century witnessed radical improvements in health, although these were concentrated in the wealthier parts of the world. More focused and comprehensive approaches to public health were taken, increasingly accompanied by the idea of personal responsibility. As their activities and habits could harm others, individuals were expected to care about the health of fellow citizens as well as their own. Given the improving knowledge about the nature of specific diseases, campaigns were launched and societies formed to educate the public in adopting clean, healthy and hygienic lifestyles. The idea of prevention was central, with the targeting of human actions and behaviours known to endanger health.
Arguments against public health
This relationship between personal health and the health of the community - or indeed the nation - was a subject of much public debate. Some argued that to improve the health of a population fundamentally, intervention was needed at a biological level. Francis Galton's research, beginning in the 1860s, became known as eugenics. Its many supporters proposed that by controlling human reproduction, mankind could take control of its own future. Eugenicists also suggested that much public health legislation encouraged the survival of those normally 'weeded out' by natural selection. Attempts were made to turn ideology into laws, but associations with the atrocities of Germany's Nazi regime spelled the end of eugenics as a popular movement.
Increased government involvement after the Second World War
In the aftermath of the Second World War (1939-45), the further expansion of government involvement in health culminated with the emergence of the welfare state. In Britain this was characterised by the introduction of financial and medical assistance from the cradle to the grave, the most significant component of which was the launch of a National Health Service in 1948.
International public health programmes
Public health initiatives have now moved beyond national boundaries. Global organisations such as the World Health Organization have launched extensive international campaigns - often combining health education with practical activities such as vaccination. These have saved millions of lives. On a more local level, public health legislation continues to fine-tune the fight for better health. Prevention remains at the core of public-health thinking. But as ever, when such initiatives stray into more personal areas, some fear that personal freedoms are being lost - whether it be through water fluoridation, anti-smoking laws or when it is suggested that maybe you really don't need that third kebab after all.
Related Themes and Topics
Related Objects
There are 582 related objects. View all related objects
Related links
BibliographyK Ashenburg, The Dirt on Clean: An Unsanitized History (New York: North Point Press, 2007)
R Beaglehole (ed.), Global Public Health: A New Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
S Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York: Oxford University Press,1996)
H Mikkeli, Hygiene in the Early Modern Medical Tradition (Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, 1999)
D Porter, Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times (London: Routledge, 1999)
G Rosen, A History of Public Health, expanded edition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993)
S Sheard and H Power (eds), Body and City: Histories of Urban Public Health (Historical Urban Studies Series) (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000)
M Warren, A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 – 1999 (London: Faculty of Public Health Medicine of the Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom, 2000)
The name given to the medical practice that is based on the sciences of the body, such as physiology (the functioning of the body).
A chronic disease that affects the skin, mucous membrane and nerves. It is now confined mainly to the tropics and is transmitted by direct contact. Previously a widely feared disease, leprosy is not highly infectious.
An acute contagious fever with high levels of mortality. Both the 'Black Death' that swept Europe in the 1340s and the Great Plague of London in 1665 are believed to have been bubonic plague.
A sudden widespread occurance of an infection with high numbers of people affected.
The study of epidemic disease, including its spread, causes and methods of control.
The science of health and how to maintain it. A condition or practice which promotes good health. The definition varies widely and differs across cultures.
The study of human improvement by selective breeding, founded in the 1800s by English scientist Sir Francis Galton. Widely discredited after its use by the Nazi regime.


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Wendy Jett earned her bachelor's degree from the University of Kentucky in therapeutic recreation. She has been teaching group fitness classes for 19 years and holds various fitness-related certifications. She has served as the corporate group fitness director for Global Fitness Holdings/Gold's Gym since 2000. She previously served as the group fitness director for Shapes Fitness Centers in Lexington, KY, for five years.
The holiday season may be one of the busiest times for your local mall, but unfortunately, it can be one of the slowest times for your club. Just when members need that daily dose of endorphins the most, they neglect to stop by for their workout. Two months and 10 pounds later, they arrive in droves for the quick fix. Energy and participation in classes explode in January, but how can we keep those numbers up over the holidays? A little creativity can go a long way when members are in the holiday spirit. Here are a few suggestions for spicing up the holiday participation in your club.
The 40 days of fitness. Participants in this program receive an attendance report card, which includes his or her name, their instructor's signature and a place to record each class/day from Thanksgiving Day through New Year's Day. Members turn in report cards after New Year's Day to claim prizes according to their attendance record. The club awards "A" prizes for attendance of 90 percent-plus days, "B" prizes for attendance of 80 percent-89 percent days, "C" prizes for attendance of 75 percent-79 percent days and "D" prizes for 70 percent-74 percent days attended.
The 12 days of fitness. If 40 days may be too much for your members, try the 12 days of fitness. From Dec. 10-22, members attend one class per day and are rewarded on Dec. 23 with a 12 Days of Fitness T-shirt tucked neatly into a holiday stocking.
Train to maintain. With the average weight gain during the holidays around 7 pounds, many members find it challenging to maintain their current weight through Jan. 1. Create a pledge board for members to sign to commit to maintaining their current weight through the holidays. Ask your personal training department to handle the weigh-ins at the beginning and end of the commitment timeframe as well as the distribution of prizes.
It's a wrap party. Members can receive free gift wrapping while they take a class. Set a table up in your front lobby and put your staff to work for a couple of hours one night. Members are limited to two to three gifts wrapped while they work out. Mark the gifts properly and have members show ID for pick up. (If you can sweet talk a printer, the company may donate wrapping paper with your club logo on it.)
Hip hop holiday hoedown. Get those happy feet into the club for a holiday workout hip hop style, Latin style…whatever it takes. Dance has never been more popular, so now is the time to get your members prepared for those New Year's Eve parties. Open your club to a local dance studio, invite members of local school dance teams and offer your members a pass for their dance partner.
Santa's work(out) shop. Yes, even St. Nick needs a little exercise to keep his energy high this time of year. Invite members and their children for a workout party with Santa and his elves (be sure to reserve those costumes.) This program is a great way to relieve little ones' pent up anticipation and offer parents a great picture-taking opportunity.
Holiday heart yoga retreat. Fill your club with the warmth of gift giving by hosting a yoga workout in your studio for all members and guests who donate a scarf, hat, mittens or gloves to a local homeless shelter. In return, each participant receives a holiday candle and the satisfaction of knowing that they made the season a little warmer for someone in need.
The holiday season will be upon us before you know it, so now is the time to put a plan in action. Pick your dates, plan your events and begin your in-house marketing. Although the holidays can be a busy, stressful time of year, ultimately it is a time when people reflect on goodwill, friendship and appreciation of family. Take the opportunity to thank members for their loyalty over the past year, and you will be sure to see them throughout the New Year.


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If you take a stroll around Bilbao nowadays you will be constantly amazed by the ground-breaking structures designed by some of the most prestigious architects in the world. As you visit the new spaces created on the banks of the city estuary, you will come upon buildings made of incredible materials: the metal Euskalduna Palace, the Guggenheim Bilbao Museum, whose titanium curves have turned it into the emblem of this increasingly modern destination, and Santiago Calatrava's Zubizuri Bridge, which as you cross it will remind you of a glass-bottomed sailing boat.
On the streets of the city you will also find the unusual glass-covered entrances to the underground, designed by Norman Foster, and the innovative glass design of the Basque Health Department. The best way of discovering the avant-garde aesthetics of this "city of the future" is to set aside a couple of days and explore the whole of the modern expansion area.
Have you found this information useful?


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Public Company Information:
SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE:SCHW) today announced that it has entered into an agreement to acquire Compliance11, Inc., a provider of cloud-based, regulatory compliance software. The acquisition is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2011, subject to customary closing conditions. Financial terms of the transaction are not being disclosed.
Based in Chicago and founded in 2005, Compliance11, Inc. is a leading provider of cloud-based compliance automation software for public companies, brokerage firms, investment advisors, hedge funds, private equity firms and pension funds. Its highly scalable and customizable platform provides companies with a series of compliance tools to assist in managing their disclosure, tracking, surveillance and reporting needs, and more efficiently manage employee compliance.
"The range of firms monitoring their employees' investing and trading activities to ensure compliance with industry regulations is expanding," stated Jim McCool, executive vice president and head of Institutional Services at Schwab. "A heightened regulatory focus and attention to corporate reputational risk create more reason than ever for firms to seek out efficient solutions to help meet their compliance obligations."
"This combination of capabilities will put Schwab in a unique position," added Trish Cox, senior vice president of Schwab Corporate Brokerage Services. "By making Compliance11's technology available with our own investing, trading and reporting systems we can create a one-of-a-kind solution that brings great advantages to the corporate marketplace. For example, with an integrated platform, employers would be able to streamline the process of monitoring employee trades to comply with regulations, avoiding potential delays and inefficiencies."
Schwab's Designated Brokerage Services (DBS) business has provided employee trade monitoring services to employers in regulated industries for more than 15 years and now serves over 650 corporate relationships who monitor over $30 billion in assets across 130,000 employee accounts. DBS provides employee trading data to these companies, which helps them manage their responsibilities, while providing their employees all of the products, services and support Schwab has to offer.
"We are delighted to be joining forces with Schwab," said Tad Mitchell, Compliance11 president and CEO. "Innovation and excellent customer service are what have made us both great companies. We're looking forward to the opportunity to take both of these to the next level."
About Charles Schwab
The Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE:SCHW) is a leading provider of financial services, with more than 300 offices and 8.5 million active brokerage accounts, 1.46 million corporate retirement plan participants, 769,000 banking accounts, and $1.58 trillion in client assets. Through its operating subsidiaries, the company provides a full range of securities brokerage, banking, money management and financial advisory services to individual investors and independent investment advisors. Its broker-dealer subsidiary, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (member SIPC, www.sipc.org), and affiliates offer a complete range of investment services and products including an extensive selection of mutual funds; financial planning and investment advice; retirement plan and equity compensation plan services; referrals to independent fee-based investment advisors; and custodial, operational and trading support for independent, fee-based investment advisors through Schwab Advisor Services. Its banking subsidiary, Charles Schwab Bank (member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender), provides banking and mortgage services and products. More information is available at www.schwab.com and www.aboutschwab.com.
Follow us on Twitter: @charlesschwab
About Compliance11
Compliance11, Inc., is a leading provider of cloud-based compliance automation software for the financial community. Compliance11 products automate employee trading, insider trading surveillance, policy affirmations, employee disclosures, gifts, entertainment, political contributions, marketing review, customer complaints, regulatory inquiries and more. The highly scalable, hosted platform can be operational in days, freeing you to manage risk, not paper. For more information, visit www.compliance11.com.
Charles Schwab
Mike Peterson, 330-908-4334 (Media)
Rich Fowler, 415-667-1841 (Investors/Analysts)


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Life in Christian County, Kentucky... History and Old Stuff...
Here are a few photographs from the tag sale I attended today. This nice old house in one of Hopkinsville's historic districts was once owned by Frank Bassett, a highly regarded and much beloved gentleman who served in county government for many years. He had trained as a physician, but did not practice. I heard at the tag sale that Mr. Bassett's granddaughter had inherited the house upon his death and that it has now been sold to new owners.
I don't know who actually built the home. According to a fellow at the sale who was examining the architecture of the basement, the house was probably built between 1910 and 1920. It's reasonable to guess that it was built before the Stock Market Crash of 1929. I personally think its construction date was closer to 1920 than 1910, based on my observations of the style of the home, but I'm certainly no expert.
The house has many features of a luxurious home of its time -- a butler's pantry, servant quarters off the kitchen, a library, beautiful hardwood floors, built-in cabinets in nearly every room, and a matching carriage house. The exterior walls of the full basement are cut limestone. At one end of the basement, a door opens to the outside. I suppose coal might have been brought in there to fuel a furnace. The upstairs was closed off, so I don't know how many rooms are there. In the main level, there are 4 (I think) bedrooms not counting the small servant's room.
Here is a rough sketch of the general layout of the house. This is my inaccurate impression of the house's floor plan, but you can see how the house is divided into thirds with a hallway along each side of the center rooms. Note the small room with a nice view of the back yard off the master bedroom. I didn't draw in the servant's room and pantries in the kitchen area .
This chest of drawers isn't a detail of the architecture, but it was so beautiful I had to photograph it. It had a matching piece (a dressing table, I think) which I did not photograph.
A safe is built into the wall beside one of the fireplaces.
Looking from the sunroom doors through the dining room to the front parlor and main entrance. This home has 10-foot ceilings and exposed beams in the dining room and front parlor.
An example of the built-in cabinets. This is in the dining room near the door to the kitchen area.
Both bathrooms have ceramic floors with this border and white tiled walls up to about 5 feet. Here you see more of the built in storage. One of the bathrooms has a vintage commode. I don't know what year it might be from, but it's older than me, I think. Its tank is mounted on the wall, and a pipe about a foot long runs from the bottom of the tank to the back of the bowl.
The carriage house has been converted to a residence, but you can see where the doors used to be.
I enjoyed visiting this interesting old house. My photos don't do it justice. Something about its atmosphere reminded me of the "Rock House" that Rose Wilder built for her parents, Almanzo and Laura (Ingalls) Wilder. If you've ever been there, you'll know what I mean.


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This was published 6 years ago
'Cruel harvest of the poor': five convicted of organ-trafficking
PARIS: Five people have been convicted in Kosovo in connection with an elaborate organ-trafficking network that lured poor people to the country and then sold their kidneys and other organs to wealthy transplant recipients from Israel, the United States, Canada and Germany, charging as much as $130,000 for each organ.
Traffickers in the network promised payments of as much as $26,000 to poor people in Turkey, Moldova and Russia to persuade them to travel to Kosovo and donate an organ, the court heard. They were asked to sign false documents saying they were donating to a relative for humanitarian reasons.
Two dozen donors were taken in by the scheme; many were never given any compensation and were released without adequate medical care.
The wealthy, ailing patients who were to receive the organs flew to Pristina for transplant operations at a clinic called Medicus. It was founded by a well-meaning European philanthropist who helped local doctors during the war in Kosovo in 1999, but prosecutors said it was later transformed into an illegal organ transplant hub by Dr Lutfi Dervishi, a surgeon and professor at Pristina University Hospital.
The defendants, all Kosovars, were tried in the capital, Pristina, before a panel of judges sent by the European Union to handle the case. "The sole and driving motive for this exploitation of the poor and the indigent was the opportunity for obscene profit and human greed," said Jonathan Ratel, a special prosecutor for the EU. "In every sense this was a cruel harvest of the poor."
The case was a landmark, Mr Ratel said, because doctors had been convicted.
Dr Dervishi, a urologist and the director of the clinic at the centre of the trafficking ring, was sentenced to eight years in prison. His son Arban Dervishi was sentenced to seven years and three months. Dr Sokol Hajdini, the chief anaesthesiologist at the clinic, was sentenced to three years. Two other defendants received one-year suspended sentences.
Two defendants were acquitted on charges of fraud and abuse of authority. All had denied any wrongdoing.
Petrit Selimi, the deputy foreign minister of Kosovo, said the verdict showed that the rule of law was working in the country. "Illegal organ transplants are a scourge of poorer nations from Kamchatka to Kosovo, and we will continue to chase criminals engaged in it," Mr Selimi said.
New York Times


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In a jam that is straight slathered in metaphors, T.J. Fredette, brother of BYU's Szczerbiak 2.0, spits fire like ... the first Mormon rapper I've ever heard. Have fun with this.
Thank you for your continued support of Deadspin. More open threads for the games tonight, and Dash is here for you tomorrow.


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Criminal Defense Lawyer in Lake County
Albert L. Wysocki Attorney at Law
Have you been charged with a serious crime? If so, it is important that you immediately contact an attorney. Working with a lawyer can make all the difference in the outcome of your case and provide you with protection against an unjust sentence.
Attorney Albert L. Wysocki has more than 30 years of experience handling a variety of complex legal concerns, and he may be able to help you as well. If you find yourself facing any of the following criminal accusations, do not hesitate to retain the representation of an aggressive Lake County criminal defense lawyer such as Attorney Wysocki.
Attorney Wysocki represents clients all throughout Illinois, including Warren, Gurnee, Grayslake, Libertyville, Fox Lake, Lake County, Benton, McHenry County, Shields, Zion, and Mundelein.
Criminal Defense: Our Practice Areas
Whether you are the one facing charges, your friend or family member has been arrested, or your child has been charged with a juvenile crime, you need a criminal lawyer on your side. Albert L. Wysocki Attorney at Law handles cases ranging from misdemeanors to felonies. He can provide defense for everything from theft crimes to violent crimes such as assault, domestic violence, murder, and rape / sexual assault.
Mr. Wysocki has a strong success record defending other types of sex crimes. Have you been arrested for criminal sexual conduct? Perhaps your charges are more serious and involve crimes against children, such as child enticement, online solicitation of a minor, or child pornography. Get the defense that you need by retaining Attorney Wysocki to fight for you.
Attorney Wysocki also provides relentless DUI defense. Whether this is your first DUI or you are facing charges for multiple DUI offenses or a felony DUI, he can help. Mr. Wysocki knows the DUI process, including out of state DUI, and will fight tirelessly to have your charges reduced or your DUI thrown out entirely. Consequences of a DUI conviction range from jail time and fines to driver's license suspension and the installation of an ignition interlock device, so hire a criminal attorney now.
In addition to all of the crimes above, Attorney Wysocki also defense clients facing serious criminal charges. These range from drug crimes such as possession, distribution and trafficking to federal crimes such as white collar crimes, credit card fraud, and other fraudulent offenses.
Contact a Lake County Criminal Defense Attorney
Albert L. Wysocki Attorney at Law is prepared to provide the solid defense that you need, regardless of the charges you are facing.
Call (847) 892-6162 to contact the firm and set up your free case evaluation!


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This is an user contributed article.
PuTTY is a terminal emulator application which can act as a client for the SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP computing protocols. You can use putty for remote login or to control your router connected via serial devices.
By default PuTTY stores the session information in the registry on Windows machine. If you have several PuTTY sessions stored in one laptop and would like to transfer those sessions to another laptop, you need to transfer HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham registry key and value as explained below:
Export the PuTTY registry key on source windows machine
Click on Start -> Run -> and enter the following regedit command in the run dialog box, which will place the PuTTY registry key and value on your desktop in the putty-registry.reg file. Please note that the name of the registry key (Simon Thatham) is the author of PuTTY.
regedit /e "%userprofile%\desktop\putty-registry.reg" HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Simontatham
You can also launch the registry and interactively export the registry key value as shown below. Click on Start -> Run -> regedit -> Click File menu -> Click Export menu-item -> Enter HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Simontatham in the "Selected branch" -> Save the putty-registry.reg to your desktop.
Import the PuTTY registry key on destination windows machine
Transfer the putty-registry.reg to the destination Windows machine. Right click on the .reg file and select Merge as shown below. This will display a confirmation message: Are you sure you want to add the information in putty-registry.reg to registry?. Click on 'Yes' to accept this message.
Launch the putty to verify the new sessions are transferred successfully. The registry key merge will not delete the previous PuTTY sessions. Instead, it will merge the entries to the existing PuTTY sessions on the destination windows machine.
You can also import the registry key and value interactively: Click on Start -> Run -> regedit -> Click File menu -> Click Import menu-item ->select the putty-registry.reg -> click on Import, to import the PuTTY sessions to the destination windows machine.
Turbocharge PuTTY with 12 Powerful Add-Ons explains about some modified versions of the PuTTY that stores the session information in a file instead of Windows registry.


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China points to suicide blast in Urumqi attack
URUMQI, China (AP) -- Chinese authorities said Thursday that two religious extremists carried out a terror attack at a train station in far-western Xinjiang region by detonating explosives, in an apparent suicide bombing that also killed one other person and wounded 79.
The official website for Xinjiang's regional government said police identified two suspects with a history of religious extremism, including a 39-year-old man from southern Xinjiang. It did not explicitly call Wednesday's attack in the regional capital of Urumqi a suicide bombing, but said the two men detonated explosives at a train station exit and both died on the spot.
It was the third high-profile attack in seven months blamed on Xinjiang extremists that targeted civilians -- two of the attacks outside the region -- marking a departure from a previous pattern of primarily targeting local authorities in the long-simmering insurgency.
Chinese President Xi Jinping demanded "decisive" action against terrorism after the attack, which came at awkward time for him, just as he was wrapping up a four-day tour of Xinjiang aimed at underlining the government's commitment to security in the region.
The blasts went off about 7 p.m. just after a train had pulled into the station and as passengers were streaming out onto a plaza near a bus station.
A 57-year-old woman being treated at the Xinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital said she had just arrived from Sichuan province and was walking outside to meet her son when the blast went off.
"I saw I had shreds of flesh and blood in my hair and on my clothes. It was terrifying," said the woman, who would only give her surname, Peng.
Another survivor, a man who also gave only his surname, Liu, said the station exit had been crowded with people when the blast went off.
"After the blast, there was chaos. Everyone was panicking," said Liu. Police and firefighters quickly arrived and Liu said the injured were taken to hospitals in ambulances and commandeered taxis.


text: Employing 110 Skilled WorkersOur factory is located in the national manufacturing base of household appliances-Huangpu Town, ZhangShan City. We own a factory covering of 15,000 square meters, we have three advanced production lines and 110 skillful workers to ensure an annual production capacity of about 300,000 pieces of air coolers and 400,000 pieces of heaters.Get Benefitted From Our AdvantagesOur factory is a professional in development and production of air cooler and heater. We also have a purifier, humidifier series for home appliance, products w... [Details]


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- Elevation: 3,078 m (10,098 ft)
- Prominence: 2,792 m
- Ribu category: Sangat Tinggi
- Province: Jawa Barat (West Java)
- Google Earth: kml
- Rating:
- Other names: Ciremay, Ceremai, Cereme, Careme
- Eruptions: 1698, 1772, 1775, 1805, 1937-38, 1951
Bagging It!
A solitary giant, this Ribu is the highest peak in West Java province and one of the most popular hikes in Indonesia. The starting points for the hike are 2 to 3 hours by car or public bus to the south of Cirebon, which itself is easily accessible from Jakarta by train. There are three starting points and it is easy to ascend by one route and descend the other. The Apuy route is the best as it starts at a higher elevation (approx 1,200 m). The crater is both deep and impressive, and a full circuit of the rim can be done in about one and a half hours.
- Apuy: take a bus or car to Maja, and from there continue by car or motorbike via Argapura to the beautiful village of Apuy. A neighbouring village is called Cibuluh – which may be better known. The road climbs steeply and is a little rough as you get to the lower part of Apuy village, and it may be necessary to hire a local motorbike taxi (ojek) to for the last 3 to 4 kilometres because car access might be impossible. There are official National Park porters and guides available in Apuy, if you ask. The trail from Apuy is in good condition and is steep, but shorter and easier than from Linggarjati which starts only a few hundred metres above sea level. The ascent should take 5 to 7 hours. After following a cement track which snakes up the hillside between fields of onions and potatoes you will reach the entrance to Ciremai National Park which is a cement shelter (1,442m) next to a small pond. There are five posts and it takes approximately one hour between each of them: Pos I (1,638m) a stone shelter beyond crop fields and just prior to entering the forest, Pos II Perempatan Lima (1,910m), Pos III Tegal Mawasa (2,156m), Pos IV Tegal Jamuju (2,321m) and Pos V (Sanghiang Rangkah, 2,561m). At 2,832m the Apuy route joins with the Palutungan route. Pos VI (2,948m) is a the best spot to camp, being just above a small extinct side crater called Goa Walet (Swallows' Cave) and just 20 minutes from the crater rim. You may find a small amount of water inside the Swallows' Cave. There are one or two places to camp on – or just below – the rim itself but it is pretty exposed. The rim itself is reached at an elevation of around 3,050m.
- Linggarjati (Cibunar): closer and easily accessible from Cirebon by the bus to Kuningan but over 2,000 metres of elevation gain required. A long, tough climb (or descent). Get off the bus at Linggarjati and then take a motorbike taxi (ojek) or mini-bus to the starting point at Cibunar. This ascent is very popular, but can be very dusty before entering the forest and the trail is heavily eroded in many places. The ascent should take 7 or 8 hours; there are porters and guides available in Linggarjati. Given the accessibility of Linggarjati it is a good option to descend this route after ascending from Apuy, though it's a long way down.
- Palutungan: From Cirebon, take a mini-bus to Cisanatana, and then an ojek (motorbike taxi) to Palutungan. This route meets the Apuy route at around 2,830m.
Assuming you reach the crater rim from the Apuy/Palutungan route there is a cement pillar on the rim just a hundred metres to the left (north) and if you follow the rim clockwise you will reach the highest point of Ciremai (and West Java) in just over 20 minutes. Some sections of the rim are too bushy or too narrow (or both) for hikers to be able to follow the absolute top so you have to drop down on the small, overgrown trail from time to time. The highest part of the rim is marked with a cluster of red bricks and further along with the remains of some kind of sensor equipment. A full circuit of the rim can be made in about one hour and a half, but not many people do this and it is better to do it the other way around (reaching the summit close to the end of the circuit). Several sections of the trail do not offer much in the way of panoramas but for – the most part – the views to Slamet, the north Java coast and the many hills of West Java are spectacular.
If doing a full circuit, we would recommend doing it anti-clockwise, as the first half of the trail is frequently used because you must pass this way to get from the Apuy/Palutungan route to the Linggarjati route. Key points (in anti-clockwise order) are as follows. Puncak Sunan Mataram (3,058m according to the sign) which is a flattish, exposed area with space for 5 or 6 tents on the rim itself and with great views down to Waduk Darma (Darma Reservoir), another ten minutes and you'll be at a mini-top with great views over the crater. After this, the trail gets bushier and passes under the highest parts of the rim and past a couple of spots suitable for a tent or two and with great views of Gunung Slamet in the distance. Another ten minutes and you will be at Puncak Panglongokan (3,027, according to the sign) which is close to the area where you descend on the Linggarjati route and features a cement pillar. Further along the rim the trail gets rougher and you will need to clamber over a few dead branches and under low bushes. The views here of Ciremai crater are particularly good. After a minor drop to a superb viewpoint over the edge of the rim there is a very narrow section which you must be very careful on. Following this, the overgrown trail leads fairly gently up onto the highest section of rim. This section has two or three spots of equal height, the first being where the broken equipment lies and the final being where the red bricks are. The latter is a far, far better viewpoint, particularly of the other peaks of West Java notably the pyramid-shaped Cikuray, steaming Papandayan and the great mass of tops north of the Bandung plain. Another couple of minor ups and downs and you will be at the cement pillar just north of where the Apuy and Palutungan routes reach the rim.
Bagging information provided by Andy Dean (2009), updated thanks to John Hargreaves (September 2011), and Dan Quinn (April 2013).
- Getting there: To get to Cirebon from Jakarta, the best option is an executive class train from Gambir station. The journey takes 3 hours. To reach Majalengka (the nearest town to Apuy) from Jakarta by car takes about 5 or 6 hours.
- Accommodation: There are some hotels in Cirebon, but not a huge selection. For the Apuy route, try Hotel Sederhana Baru or Putra Jaya in Majalengka. In Linggarjati, try Sangkan Indah.
- Guides and GPS Tracks: Want a PDF version for your phone? Looking for a guide? Need GPS tracks and waypoints? Gunung Ciremai information pack can be downloaded here.
- Permits: You are required to register at the starting points. At Apuy it costs Rp 8,500 per person (September 2011). The mountain is often closed during Ramadan.
- Water sources: None on any of the routes except sometimes a small amount in Swallows' Cave. Take plenty with you.
- Travel insurance: We recommend World Nomads insurance, which is designed for adventurous travellers with cover for overseas medical, evacuation, baggage and a range of adventure sports and activities including mountain hiking.
Local Average Monthly Rainfall (mm):
Origins and Meaning
The name Cereme or Ciremai is derived from the Sundanese word for Otaheite gooseberry or Malay gooseberry. (Wikipedia, 2011)
Links and References
Wikipedia English
Wikipedia Indonesia
Wikipedia. 2011. Mount Cereme. Accessed from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Cereme


text: Check out this beautiful 3D-printed guitar by Scott Summit of Bespoke/3D Systems. The body is plastic with minor pieces printed in silver and stainless steel. It's unique in that it may be the first 3D-printed acoustic guitar. If you're into electric, you won't want to miss Olaf Diegel's 3D-printed guitar bodies. Both are great examples of 3D-printed objects being better than their off-the-shelf counterparts. [Thanks, Sara!]


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Posts Tagged 'Team Leader'
Why are commercial property solicitors so slow and expensive?
At the risk of being lynched by my fellow professionals, I thought you might be interested to hear why most commercial property solicitors are so slow and expensive. In short, it is because they are paid by the hour. This means that the solicitor is not incentivised to work as quickly as possible. In fact, he due he is incentivised to do the opposite.
This is reinforced by the fact that he is paid an hourly rate and that he or she works to strict billing targets which usually incorporates a billable time target eg. each "fee earner" must log 5 and a half billable hours per day. The team leader will be given a report which shows which fee earners are not achieving this billable time target. Repeated failure to hit the billable time targets could lead to the fee earner having his pay frozen, reduced or he may even be laid off.
Commercial Property Solicitors
It is also common practice in law firms for a low fee estimate to be given to the client to "get the job in the door "and then as the deal unfolds (and this is covered off in the initial terms of business letter so the client has no comeback on the law firm), the estimate is revised to take into account the additional work that is involved or the increased complexity or to reflect protracted negotiations. So the figure is massaged upwards. Read the rest of this entry »


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Unique is a library for writing single instance application.
If you launch a single instance application twice, the second
instance will either just quit or will send a message to the
running instance.
Unique makes it easy to write this kind of applications, by
providing a base class, taking care of all the IPC machinery
needed to send messages to a running instance, and also handling
the startup notification side.
Maintained by: Larry Hajali
Keywords: unique
ChangeLog: libunique
Download SlackBuild:
libunique.tar.gz.asc (FAQ)
(the SlackBuild does not include the source)
|Individual Files:
| libunique.SlackBuild
| libunique.info
| slack-desc
© 2006-2020 SlackBuilds.org Project. All rights reserved.
Slackware® is a registered trademark of Patrick Volkerding
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
Web Design by WebSight Designs | Managed Hosting by OnyxLight Communications


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Unique housing packages for every need! Our communities offer flexible housing options through Windsor Corporate Suites.
Windsor Corporate Suites offers a one-stop solution to all your corporate housing needs. We offer long and short-term furnished apartments, furnished and a la carte packages. Whether you are in need of temporary furnished housing or a corporation in need of multiple furnished apartments for your employees, Windsor Corporate Suites can assist you!
Our clients enjoy:
Ashley Aldaco
(781) 899-5101
[email protected]
To learn more about Windsor Corporate Suites, please visit www.windsorcorporatesuites.com.