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Difference between revisions of "Beginners' Guide/Post-Installation"
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{{bc|$ pacman-key --init}}
{{bc|$ pacman-key --init}}
To generate the master-key, [[Pacman-key#Initializing_the_keyring|entropy is needed]]. You should press random keys on your keyboard, move your mouse around, or switch to another console and run a disk-
To generate the master-key, [[Pacman-key#Initializing_the_keyring|entropy is needed]]. You should press random keys on your keyboard, move your mouse around, or switch to another console and run a disk-command such as {{ic|ls -R /}}. After the pacman-key command completes, run the following command to setup the keys.
{{bc|$ pacman-key --populate archlinux}}
{{bc|$ pacman-key --populate archlinux}}
Revision as of 20:06, 21 August 2012
zh-CN:Beginners' Guide/Post-Installation
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary end
- 1 Post-Installation
- 1.1 Update
- 1.1.1 Update, Sync, and Upgrade the system with pacman
- 1.1.2 Get familiar with pacman
- 1.1.3 /etc/pacman.conf
- 1.1.4 Mirrors
- 1.1.5 Initialize package verification
- 1.1.6 Update the System
- 1.2 Adding a User
- 1.1 Update
Congratulations, and welcome to your new Arch Linux system!
Your new Arch Linux base system is now a functional GNU/Linux environment ready for customization. From here, you may build this elegant set of tools into whatever you wish or require for your purposes.
Login with the root account. We will configure pacman and update the system as root.
Update, Sync, and Upgrade the system with pacman
Now we will update the system using pacman. Pacman is the package manager of Arch Linux. It manages your entire package system and handles installation, removal, package downgrade (through cache), custom compiled package handling, automatic dependency resolution, remote and local searches and much more. Pacman will now be used to download software packages from remote repositories and install them onto your system.
Get familiar with pacman
Pacman is the Arch user's best friend. It is highly recommended to study and learn how to use the pacman tool. Try:
$ man pacman
$MANWIDTH environment variable:
# export MANWIDTH=80
For more information, have a look at the pacman wiki entry at your own leisure, or check out the pacman rosetta entry for a comparison to other popular package managers.
To make any changes to your repository selections or pacman options, edit
Repositories are described below; enable all desired repositories by removing the # in front of the 'Include =' and '[repository]' lines.
Package Repositories
A software repository is a storage location from which software packages may be retrieved and installed on a computer. Arch Linux package maintainers (developers and Trusted Users) maintain a number of official repositories containing software packages for essential and popular software, readily accessible via pacman. This article outlines those officially-supported repositories. See Official Repositories for more information including details about the purpose of each repository.
Most people will want to use [core], [extra] and [community]. If you want to run 32-bit applications on Arch x86_64, enable the [multilib] repository by adding the lines below to
[multilib] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
The Arch User Repository (AUR) holds the [community] and [unsupported] branches. Unlike the other branches, [unsupported] contains no binary packages and cannot (by design) be accessed directly by pacman. This branch is a collection of PKGBUILD bash scripts written by Arch users to build packages from source using the Arch Build System. Software in [unsupported] is generally not available in the other branches. When an [unsupported] package acquires enough popular votes, it may be moved to the [community] binary repository if one of the Trusted Users is willing to adopt and maintain it there.
Same Arch packages are stored on multiple servers across the world. Selected mirrors are listed in
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, ordered by priority. Initially
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist contains list of all known mirrors, some of which should be enabled to proceed any further.
Choosing up-to-date mirrors
Arch Linux MirrorStatus reports various aspects about the mirrors such as network problems with mirrors, data collection problems, the last time mirrors have been synced, etc. Mirrorlist Generator uses this information to automatically rank mirrors close to your location by how up-to-date they are. Generated list can be simply inserted in
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist. You obviously can uncomment other mirrors based on your own guesses (remove the '#' in front of entry to uncomment it).
Using faster mirrors
To get the fastest mirrors refer to Mirrors#Sorting mirrors.
Refreshing mirror list
Force pacman to refresh all package lists with the new mirrorlist in place:
# pacman -Syy
Passing two
--refresh or
-y flags forces pacman to refresh all package lists even if they are considered to be up to date. Issuing
pacman -Syy whenever a mirror is changed, is good practice and will avoid possible headaches.
Initialize package verification
To initialize the verification of signatures of the packages, you can [follow the steps below]. See Pacman-key for more information.
$ pacman-key --init
To generate the master-key, entropy is needed. You should press random keys on your keyboard, move your mouse around, or switch to another console and run a disk-intensive command such as
ls -R /. After the pacman-key command completes, run the following command to setup the keys.
$ pacman-key --populate archlinux
Take time to verify the Master Signing Keys when prompted as these are used to co-sign (and therefore trust) all other packager's keys.
Update the System
Often the developers will provide important information about required configurations and modifications for known issues. The Arch Linux user is expected to consult these places before performing an upgrade:
- Arch news. Whe you encounter error during upgrading, this place should be the first to check.
- Announce mailing list.
Sync, refresh, and upgrade your entire new system with:
# pacman -Syu
# pacman --sync --refresh --sysupgrade
Pacman will now download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s) defined in
/etc/pacman.conf and perform all available upgrades. You may be prompted to upgrade pacman itself at this point. If so, respond by entering yes, and then reissue the
pacman -Syu command when finished.
Reboot if a kernel upgrade has occurred.
Pacman output is saved in
See Package Management FAQ for answers to frequently asked questions regarding updating and managing your packages.
Ignoring Packages
After executing the command
pacman -Syu, the entire system will be updated. It is possible to prevent a package from being upgraded. A typical scenario would be a package for which an upgrade may prove problematic for the system. In this case, there are two options; indicate the package(s) to skip in the pacman command line using the
--ignore switch (
pacman -S --help for details) or permanently indicate the package(s) to skip in the
/etc/pacman.conf file in the
IgnorePkg array. For more information, please see the pacman wiki entry.
Please note that the power user is expected to keep the **whole** system up-to-date with
pacman -Syu, rather than selectively upgrading packages. You may diverge from this typical usage as you wish; just be warned that there is a greater chance that things will not work as intended and that it could break your system. The majority of complaints happen when selective upgrading, unusual compilation or improper software installation is performed. Use of
IgnorePkg in
/etc/pacman.conf is therefore discouraged, and should only be used sparingly, if you know what you are doing. Use of
IgnorePkg is analogous to "voiding the warranty".
The Arch rolling release model
Keep in mind that Arch is a rolling release distribution. This means the user is not required to reinstall or perform elaborate system rebuilds to upgrade to the newest version. Issuing
pacman -Syu periodically (and noting the above warning) keeps the entire system up-to-date and on the bleeding edge. At the end of this upgrade, the system will be completely current. Remember to reboot if a kernel upgrade has occurred.
Adding a User
Add a normal user account instead, using one of the two following methods, both creating the user archie as an example:
Interactive method
# adduser
You will be asked to enter some information in an interactive way:
Login name for new user []: archie User ID ('UID') [ defaults to next available ]: Initial group [ users ]: Additional groups (comma separated) []: audio,games,lp,optical,power,scanner,storage,video Home directory [ /home/archie ]: Shell [ /bin/bash ]: Expiry date (YYYY-MM-DD) []:
As shown in the example, you are advised to enter values only for the Login name and the Additional groups, and leave empty all the other fields.
The list of Additional groups in the example is a typical choice for a desktop system, hence it is recommended especially for beginners:
- audio - for tasks involving sound card and related software
- games - for write permission for games in the games group
- lp - for managing printing tasks
- optical - for managing tasks pertaining to the optical drive(s)
- power - for allowing interactions with power options (e.g. shutdown with power button)
- scanner - for using a scanner
- storage - for managing storage devices
- video - for video tasks and hardware acceleration
For additional information about listed and other groups see Groups#User groups.
Now you will be presented with a preview of your new account, and the ability to cancel or continue operations: after pressing Template:Keypress the account will be created, and you will be prompted to enter additional, optional information for the new user (e.g. the full name). After that, you will be asked to enter the password for your account.
Non-interactive method
# useradd -m -g users -G audio,games,log,lp,optical,power,scanner,storage,video,wheel -s /bin/bash archie
You will have to set a password using
passwd. To enter additional information you can use the
chfn command.
Deleting the user account
In the event of error, or if you wish to delete this user account in favor of a different name or for any other reason, use
# userdel -r [username]
-r option will remove the user's home directory and its content, along with the the user's mail spool.
More information
Read Users and Groups for further information. If you want to change the name of your user or any existing user, consult the Change username page. You may also check the man pages for
usermod(8) and
Template:Beginners' Guide navigation


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Added to Shopping Bag
Blue & Silver Round Sapphire Diamond Cocktail 14k Wg 25.40ct Ring
Listed by SamsonDiamond
Size: Ring Size 7
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Returnable for site
You can request a return for Tradesy Site Credit within 4 days of delivery. FREE return shipping.
If your item was misrepresented in any way, file a Misrepresentation Claim within 4 days of delivery. Our team will review your claim and you may be eligible for a full refund.
Shopping Bag :
Reserved for -:--
Blue & Silver Round Sapphire Diamond Cocktail 14k Wg 25.40ct Ring
Shipping Included
6 people saved this item
This item has original tags and shows no visible signs of wear.
This a Huge Round Star Blue Sapphire & Diamond Halo Cocktail Ring. It is made of 100% natural 14kt white gold and is in Brand New Condition. It has a CTW of 25.40Ct and weighs 15.8 grams. The fancy diamonds have a clarity of SI1 and F color. This beautiful custom piece has an excellent oval cut blue sapphire stone, surrounded by a diamond halo. This ring is the latest in fashion design having unique designer qualities that is full of shine and clarity. It comes with a bright shine polish finish and has good workmanship. This brilliant ring is a great gift for a holiday that will leave your special someone shining brighter than any diamond.
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iii. If we change the size of a ring, then it will be a final sale and a return/refund will not be accepted. Please see our return policy (Bullet 3) for further information on how to avoid a final sale.
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This item can be returned for any reason for Tradesy Site Credit. Use your credit to buy something that makes you happy. Just a heads up, purchases outside the U.S. are Final Sale.
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On September 01 2007, 5:04 PM, pitbullmamaliz wrote:Hopefully now threads can stay on topic (JOYCE!!!)
On September 01 2007, msvette2u wrote:I want to get a cooling pad for my laptop. Which is too hot to USE as a laptop, really.
They tell me that's why they changed the name to "notebooks".
On September 01 2007, 10:50 PM, CinderDee wrote:I tried to make hummus for dinner, but had no tahini, so I used peanut butter.
On September 02 2007, Wyldmoonwoman wrote:I am up because the pup started to bark...he had to pee...I didn't make it quick enough and just finished cleaning his crate
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text:
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Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 47 diseños de 13 diseñadores freelance.
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Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Feed the Hungry and Spread the Peace
Soup Kitchen & Health Clinic Events:
Insha ALLAH with your support American Muslims for Hunger Relief (AMFHR) is able to do soup kitchens in the East Coast. Please feel free to join us at this month's soup kitchen events!
AMFHR is continuing to expand and add projects in Baltimore, MD and Philadelphia. If you would like to continue your support--DONATE!
Please join us and help any way you can.
Please see more details about this on facebook.
Please circulate this flier among family, and friends. Also please post this in your Mosque and other public areas.
|American Muslims for Hunger Relief, P.O. Box 213 Howell, NJ, 07731 .
AMFHR is 501C(3) Non Profit Organization.
Not interested any AMFHR Emails about Hunger Programs.. ? {unsubscribe}Unsubscribe{/unsubscribe}


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True Wild Life | Tang | The tang is a small to medium sized fish that is found in the warmer coastal waters of the tropics. Tangs are well know for their bright colours and are closely related to surgeon fish and unicorn fish. There are 80 known species of tang, that inhabit the tropical waters of the southern hemisphere, including the largest species of the tang group, the white margin unicorn fish that has been known to grow over a meter long.
Tang are found around shallow coral reefs where there is an abundance of food and plenty of places to hide from approaching predators. The tang is named after the razor-sharp scalpel (also known as tang) at the base of their tails. When the tang feels threatened, it hides in a crevice in the coral or rocks and anchors itself in using this scalpel. The scalpel at the base of the tang's tail can also be used to defend itself if it is caught. Although the tang is an omnivorous animal, it has a predominantly vegetarian diet. Tang mainly feed on algae and other plants around the coral reefs as well as picking the larger food particles out of the plankton in the water. Later species of tang also feed on small invertebrates and fish. Due to the tang's love of algae, tang can often be seen with sea turtles as they swim along with them cleaning the algae off their shells.
Due to it's small size, the tang has many predators in it's shallow ocean environment including larger fish, eels, sharks, crustaceans and large invertebrates such as jellyfish. Tang are also preyed upon by human who mainly catch them to keep in artificial aquariums. Tangs are known to breed all year round in the tropical regions, beginning with a male tang securing himself a temporary breeding territory that includes a pair or group of female tang. The female tang release an average of 40,000 eggs into the water which are then fertilised by the male tang. The baby tang are known as fry and hatch in less than a week. Tangs however are reported to breed as well when in captivity.
The tang is one of the most popular species of marine fish to be kept in tanks and aquariums around the world. People are charmed by the peaceful and gentle nature of the tang, along with it's bright colours and the fact that tangs can live for a long time (average is between 12 and 15 years), especially compared to other species of marine fish of a similar size. Tang are not recommended to be kept in small aquariums as tang have the potential to get pretty big. The most common type of tang kept in salt-water aquariums are the yellow tang and the bright blue regal tang but despite the fact that the tang is popular fish to keep they need to be well looked after and have specific water conditions maintained.


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For many years, evolutionists taught that Neanderthals (sometimes spelled Neandertals) were brawny, prehistoric creatures that used primitive stone tools, whereas "modern" humans were more sophisticated. If we were to spot a Neanderthal walking the streets of a modern city, we probably would recognize him by his prominent brow ridges, low forehead, flat skull, weak chin, jutting mid-facial region, very large nose, forward-sloping face, and short, muscular limbs—to name some of the more visible characteristics (Stringer and Gamble, 1993, pp. 76-77). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language uses words such as crude, boorish, and slow-witted to describe this species. However, as the facts slowly are becoming known, they are requiring a renovation of that definition.
After discovering the first Neanderthal skullcap in 1856 in the Neander Valley near Dusseldorf, Germany, German anatomist Ruldolph Virchow said in essence that the fossil was the remains of a modern man afflicted with rickets and osteoporosis. In 1958, at the International Congress of Zoology, A.J.E. Cave stated that his examination of the famous Neanderthal skeleton established that it was simply an old man who had suffered from arthritis. Francis Ivanhoe authored an article that appeared in Nature titled "Was Virchow Right About Neanderthal?" (1970). Virchow had reported that the Neanderthal's ape-like appearance was due to a condition known as rickets, which is a vitamin-D deficiency characterized by overproduction (and deficient calcification) of bone tissue. The disease causes skeletal deformities, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and generalized tenderness throughout the body. Dr. Cave noted that every Neanderthal child's skull that had been studied up to that point in time apparently was affected by severe rickets. When rickets occurs in children, it commonly produces a large head due to late closure of the epiphysis and fontanels.
Even though Ivanhoe was an evolutionist, he nevertheless went on to note that the wide distribution of Neanderthal finds in various parts of the world explained the differences seen in bone configuration. The extreme variation in locations of these Neanderthal discoveries probably played a role in the diversity of the fossils assigned to the Neanderthal group. The differences likely were a result of different amounts of sunlight for a given area, which prevented or retarded vitamin D production (vitamin D is manufactured in the skin upon exposure to sunlight). In adults, a lack of vitamin D causes osteomalacia, a softening of the bones that often results in longer bones "bowing" (a condition reported in many Neanderthal fossils).
Scientists have debated long and hard concerning whether there exists any difference between Neanderthal specimens and modern humans. One of the world's foremost authorities on the Neanderthals, Erik Trinkaus, concluded:
Detailed comparisons of Neanderthal skeletal remains with those of modern humans have shown that there is nothing in Neanderthal anatomy that conclusively indicates locomotor, manipulative, intellectual or linguistic abilities inferior to those of modern humans (1978, 87[10]:58).
In the March 2, 2001 issue of Science, Ann Gibbons authored an article titled The Riddle of Coexistence (Gibbons, 2001). She began with a dramatic opening by asking the reader to imagine forty thousand years ago when "our ancestors wandered into Europe and met another type of human already living there, the brawny, big-brained Neandertals." She then went on to state that "such a collision between groups of humans must have happened many times" (291:1725). Can't you just picture that meeting? "Hi, I'm Neandertal Man." Reply: "Nice to meet you Mr. Neandertal, I'm Modern Man."
The admission that such a "collision" of the two groups very likely took place was necessitated by recent fossil findings that put Neanderthals and modern humans in the same place at the same time. Scientists dated the remains of anatomically modern humans from caves at Qafzeh and Skhul in Israel, and found them to be 92,000 to 100,000 years old (according to their dating techniques). However, such dates place modern humans earlier than the Neanderthals who, according to the fossil record, inhabited the neighboring cave of Kebara (only 100 meters away from Skhul) 40,000 years later! This obviously is problematic (a mild understatement!) to those who accept the standard evolutionary view that Neanderthals were the dimwitted forerunners (or distant cousins) of humans.
Creationists defend the view that Neanderthals were nothing more than Homo sapiens—man. Evolutionists disagree, based mainly on studies of Neanderthal DNA. The July 11, 1997 issue of the journal Cell contained an article by Krings, et al., titled "Neanderthal DNA sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans" (Krings, et al., 1997). In that article, Dr. Krings and his coworkers explained how they successfully extracted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA—which resides in the cell's mitochondria or "energy factories") from the humerus (right arm bone) of the original Neanderthal fossil discovered in 1856. The scientific team doing the research, led by Svante Pääbo of the University of Munich, chose to search for mtDNA rather than nuclear DNA, due in large part to the fact that whereas there are only two copies of DNA in the nucleus of each cell (one from each parent), there are 500 to 1,000 copies per cell of mtDNA. Hence, the possibility was much greater that some of the ancient mtDNA might have been preserved. Unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is passed on in an unchanged form from a mother to her offspring; the father's mtDNA is left behind. Thus, since changes in mtDNA are the result of mutations rather than genetic mixing, evolutionists believe that mtDNA is a more accurate reflection of evolutionary history.
At the conclusion of their research, the scientists who were involved suggested that fewer differences in the mtDNA exist between modern humans, than exist between modern humans and the Neanderthal specimen. Based on those differences, evolutionists have suggested that the Neanderthal line diverged from the line leading to modern humans about 550,000 to 690,000 years ago, and that Neanderthals became extinct without contributing any genetic material to modern humans through intermarriage. As Marvin Lubenow explained:
The implications are that the Neandertals did not evolve into fully modern humans, that they were a different species from modern humans, and that they were just one of many proto-human types that were failed evolutionary experiments. We alone evolved to full humanity (1998, 12[1]:87).
When the first Neanderthal fossil was discovered, the creature was classified as Homo neanderthalensis, and as such was considered a separate species within the genus Homo. However, when additional evidence became available (in 1964) to suggest that Neanderthals were, in fact, humans, the Neanderthals were reclassified as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (i.e., a sub-species of humans), and modern humans were given a sub-species designation as well—Homo sapiens sapiens. Now, there is a clamoring among evolutionists—based on the mtDNA evidence—to return to the original H. neanderthalensis designation. In his 1999 book, The Human Inheritance, Bryan Sykes of the Institute of Molecular Medicine at Oxford University, wrote:
The mitochondrial DNA pattern of the Neanderthal does indeed show that human mtDNA diversity was much greater in the past, and allows a calibration of the divergence time of the Neanderthal pattern from that characterising modern humans of about 600 ka [thousand years ago—BT]. Gene divergence precedes population and species divergence, but this figure is certainly compatible with interpretations from the fossil record that the Neanderthal lineage separated from our own at about 300 ka. Equally, it is incompatible with suggestions that Neanderthals were either uniquely ancestral to recent Europeans through evolution, or were partly ancestral through hybridisation (pp. 43-44).
In his 2000 book, Genes, People, and Languages, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, professor emeritus of genetics at Stanford University and director of the International Human Genome Project, commented:
There is a considerable difference between the mtDNA of this Neandertal and that of practically any modern human. From a quantitative evaluation of this difference it was estimated that the last common ancestor of Neandertal and modern humans lived about half a million years ago. It is not quite clear where those common ancestors lived, but modern humans and Neandertal must have separated early and developed separately, modern humans in Africa and Neandertals in Europe. The results of mitochondrial DNA show clearly that Neandertal was not our direct ancestor, unlike earlier hypotheses made by some paleoanthropologists (p. 35).
We beg to differ! The results of mtDNA research do not "show clearly that Neandertal was not our direct ancestor." Truth be told, a closer examination of the mtDNA research shows that it is not all it has been cracked up to be. The Krings study compared various DNA sequences from 1669 modern humans with one Neanderthal. Statistically, this not only is insignificant, but also incorrect. As Lubenow wrote in regard to this mtDNA research:
Statistics has been used to cloud the relationship between Neandertals and modern humans. It is improper to use statistical "averages" in situations where many entities are being compared with only one entity. In this case, 994 sequences from 1669 modern humans are compared with one sequence from one Neanderthal. Thus, there is no Neanderthal "average," and the comparison is not valid (1998, 12[1]:92, emp. added).
The original study showed that the Neanderthal individual had a minimum of 22 mtDNA substitution differences when compared to modern humans. Yet mtDNA substitution differences among modern humans range from 1 to 24. As Lubenow correctly noted:
That means that there are a few modern humans who differ by 24 substitutions from a few other modern humans—two substitutions more than the Neanderthal individual. Would not logic demand that those few modern humans living today should also be placed in a separate species? To state the question is to reveal the absurdity of using such differences as a measure of species distinctions (12[1]:92).
Furthermore, as Maryellen Ruvolo of Harvard has pointed out, the genetic variation between the modern and Neanderthal sequences is within the range of substitutions within other single species of primates. She concluded: "...[T]here isn't a yardstick for genetic difference upon which you can define a species" (as quoted in Kahn and Gibbons, 1997, 277:177). Geneticist Simon Easteal of Australian National University, noting that chimpanzees, gorillas, and other primates have much more intra-species mtDNA diversity than modern humans, wrote: "The amount of diversity between Neanderthals and living humans is not exceptional" (as quoted in Wong, 1998, 278[1]:32). In an article in Scientific American titled "Ancestral Quandary: Neanderthals Not Our Ancestors? Not So Fast," Kate Wong observed: "The evolutionary history of mtDNA, a lone gene, is only so informative." She then went on to quote geneticist Alan R. Templeton of Washington University, who admitted: "You can always construct a gene tree for any set of genetic variation. But there's a big distinction between gene trees and population trees" since a population tree comprises the histories of many genes (278[1]:30). D. Melnick and G. Hoelzer of Columbia University even went so far as to state: "Our results suggest serious problems with the use of mtDNA to estimate 'true' population genetic structure..." (1992, p. 122). Why is this the case? Luigi Cavalli-Sforza himself admitted that "...the mitochondrial genome represents only a small fraction of an individual's genetic material and may not be representative of the whole" (Mountain, et al., 1993, p. 69).
In an article titled "Recovery of Neandertal DNA: An Evaluation," Marvin Lubenow (1998, 12[1]:95) offered several different alternative interpretations for the mtDNA data which have been used to suggest that Neanderthals and humans do not belong in the same species. Among those were the following.
1. Perhaps the single individual from whom the mtDNA was extracted was from a small, isolated group of Neanderthals. After all, the Neander Valley in Germany (where the fossil was discovered in 1856) is one of the northernmost Neanderthal sites, close to ice-age glaciers. Of the 345 Neanderthal individuals discovered thus far, only 14 are from Germany, and 12 of them were far to the south of where this individual was found.
2. Perhaps Neanderthals did, in fact, contribute to the modern gene pool, but their sequences disappeared through random genetic loss, selection, or both. Biochemist John Marcus has suggested that the human race could have had much greater mtDNA sequence variation in the past but, being genetically stronger, ancient humans were able to cope with increased genetic variation. Today, because our genome contains many more harmful mutations, we are a somewhat "weaker" race. Perhaps greater mtDNA variation was deleterious to health, and selective pressure therefore has reduced the amount of variation in present populations.
3. Perhaps the single Neanderthal individual from whom the mtDNA sequences were derived was at one extreme of a diverse spectrum in Neanderthals that included other more modern-like sequences. Future recovery of mtDNA from other Neanderthals (if that is possible) could help confirm whether or not this is true.
4. Perhaps our Neanderthal ancestors underwent a population "bottleneck" that wiped out a great deal of the original genetic variation. In support of such a concept, Kahn and Gibbons wrote in Science: "Living humans are strangely homogeneous genetically, presumably because...their ancestors underwent a population bottleneck that wiped out variations" (1997, 277:175).
Over the past several years, the scientific community has witnessed (not always to its liking, I might add) a serious "redefining" of the Neanderthal people. Some anthropologists of the past depicted them as culturally stagnant, if not outright stupid, individuals. In 1996, however, researchers were forced to reevaluate their long-held views on Neanderthals, due to the discovery of musical instruments and items of personal ornamentation (similar to our jewelry) [see: Hublin, et al., 1996; "Neanderthal Noisemaker," 1996; Folger and Menon, 1997]. Furthermore, almost all anthropologists recognize burial rituals as being not just strictly associated with humans, but as a distinctly religious act as well. That being the case, the strongest evidence to date that the Neanderthals were, in fact, human, is that at four different sites where Neanderthal fossils were found, Neanderthals and modern humans were buried together! As Lubenow noted: "That Neandertals and anatomically modern humans were buried together constitutes strong evidence that they lived together, worked together, intermarried, and were accepted as members of the same family, clan, and community.... If genuine mtDNA was recovered from the fossil from the Neander Valley, the results have been misinterpreted" (1998, 12[1]:89). Indeed they have! In his 2001 book, The Evolution Wars, Michael Ruse noted: "Modern humans, that is Homo sapiens like us, were at one point thought all to come after Neanderthals, but now the thinking is that our remains date back almost as far, and there is evidence in some places that modern humans lived together with Neanderthals.... A new skeleton, apparently a modern human/Neanderthal hybrid, has just been discovered (Duarte 1999)" [2001, pp. 187-188, emp. added]. As archaeologist Randall White of New York University said regarding the Neanderthals: "The more this kind of evidence accumulates, the more they look like us" (as quoted in Folger and Menon, 18[1]:33). Indeed they do. And so they should!
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi (2000), Genes, Peoples, and Languages (New York: North Point Press).
Duarte, Cidalia, Joao Mauricio, et al. (1999), "The Early Upper Paleolithic Human Skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Veho (Portugal) and Modern Human Emergence in Iberia," Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 96:7604-7609, June.
Folger, Tim and Shanti Menon (1997), "...Or Much Like Us?," Discover, 18[1]:33, January.
Gibbons, Ann (2001), "The Riddle of Coexistence," Science, 291:1725-1729, March 2.
Hublin, J.J., F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, and S. Condemi (1996), "A Late Neanderthal Associated with Upper Palaeolithic Artifacts," Nature, 381:224-226, May 16.
Ivanhoe, F. (1970), "Was Virchow Right About Neanderthal?" Nature, 227:577-579, August 8.
Kahn, Patricia and Ann Gibbons (1997), "DNA from an Extinct Human," Science, 277:176-178, July 11.
Krings, M. A. Stone, R.W. Krainitzki, M. Stoneking, and S. Pääbo (1997), "Neanderthal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans" Cell, 90:19-30, July 11.
Lubenow, Marvin (1998), "Recovery of Neandertal mtDNA: An Evaluation," CEN Technical Journal, 12[1]:87-97.
Melnick, D. and G. Hoelzer (1992), "What in the Study of Primate Evolution is mtDNA Good For?," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 14, p. 122.
Mountain, J.L., A.A. Lin, A.M. Bowcock, and L. Cavalli-Sforza (1993), "Evolution of Modern Humans: Evidence from Nuclear DNA Polymorphisms," The Origin of Modern Humans and the Impact of Chronometric Dating, ed. M.J. Aitken, C.B. Stringer, and P.A. Mellars (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
"Neanderthal Noisemaker" (1996), Science News, 150:328, November 16.
Ruse, Michael (2001), The Evolution Wars (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press).
Stringer, Andrew and Clive Gamble (1993), In Search of Neanderthals (New York: Thames and Hudson).
Sykes, Bryan (1999), The Human Inheritance: Genes, Language, and Evolution (London: Oxford University Press).
Trinkaus, Erik (1978), "Hard Times Among the Neandertals," Natural History, 87[10]:58-63, December.
Wong, Kate (1998), "Ancestral Quandary," Scientific American, 278[1]:32, January.


text:
Checking in on… the MWCPosted by Brian Goodman on February 1st, 2011
Andrew Murawa is the RTC correspondent for the Mountain West and Pac-10 Conferences.
A Look Back
The Mountain West goes national – at least for a night. On Wednesday, the much-anticipated MWC clash between BYU and San Diego State took the nation by storm, and Jimmer Fredette and the Cougars certainly did not disappoint. After a pretty standard first eight minutes, during which Fredette "only" had five points, he exploded for BYU's final 15 points of the first half, then picked up right where he left off after the break, scoring nine of the first 12 Cougar points on his way to a total of 43 on the night. And when the final buzzer sounded on a 71-58 BYU win, the fun was just beginning. Over the next 24 hours, Fredette's name popped up all over, and not just among the typical college basketball dorks. ESPN couldn't get enough of him, Kevin Durant called him the "best scorer in the world," and Fredette, with his new horribly unimaginative update of his nickname (really, adding a "The" to "Jimmer"? come on…) was just about as close to a household name as a college basketball player can be. And so, our secret is out. Tucked away in our little corner of the college hoops world, we seemingly had Fredette all to our own for the last few years. To most of the rest of the average casual college basketball fan, Fredette was just that good shooter tucked away on The Mtn. and other backwoods channels who they might get a chance to watch a time or two a year. For us, we knew there was more. We'd seen him knock down the deep threes, but we've also seen him power by defenders to get into the lane and finish in absolutely ridiculous ways. We've been calling Fredette must-see TV for most of this season, and while there is maybe a bit of bittersweetness to losing that little secret that MWC hoops fans had, we're far more apt to be happy that the rest of the college basketball world gets it now: Fredette is as fun of a player to watch as ever comes down the pike and hoops fans should be taking advantage of every opportunity to see him play in what is now his final nine games of his college career. And, for the MWC fan who still wants to be in on a secret that the rest of the country doesn't know about yet, there's still Kawhi Leonard who is somewhat undervalued nationwide. There's Jackson Emery. There's D.J. Gay, Dairese Gary, Andy Ogide, Malcolm Thomas, Billy White and Tre'Von Willis. And you know what? We've likely got just over a month remaining in each of those players' great college careers. MWC fans are very lucky right now.
Team of the Week: New Mexico – While BYU handing SDSU their first defeat of the season was the big national story of the week, the Lobos were the big winner this week as they got back on track in conference play. After destroying TCU on Wednesday night in the shadow of Jimmermania, the Lobos were able to perhaps take advantage of BYU's ride back to earth and score a big nine-point win in The Pit. The Lobos are still a game below .500 in the conference, and I've been wrong before in saying that Steve Alford had this thing turned around, but New Mexico is now getting contributions from all over their roster. Dairese Gary has been the sure thing the last couple of years, but now there's plenty more help. Drew Gordon is on a roll with double-figure scoring in his last six games and double-digit rebounding in five of those games. Philip McDonald has been inconsistent during his career, but he's averaging over 14 points a game in the last six. While it looked for a while that Kendall Williams had hit the freshman wall, he's scoring more than 12 a game over that stretch, while still adding four assists a night. And against BYU, freshman Tony Snell offered up by far his biggest contribution of the season, scoring a career-high 16, with five threes – including two big ones down the stretch – and a pretty solid performance while guarding Fredette. I've made the comparison before, but the Lobos have the potential to be this year's San Diego State at the conference tournament. They've struggled on their way to building a cohesive team, but as the Lobos come barreling down the final stretch of highway in March, don't be surprised if they're playing their best basketball of the season at exactly the right time.
Player of the Week: Jimmer Fredette, Senior, BYU – With apologies to Andy Ogide, there is no way this can go to anyone else but Fredette this week. The loss on Saturday is a pretty major blemish on the resume, but really when we look back at the college basketball season when all is said and done, this will go down as The Week of Jimmer. When you average 37.5 points per game on 26-50 shooting and 11-17 from behind the arc, you're very much on the short list for player of the week in any conference. When you do that in a week when your name is on the lips of sports fans across the country, when the mere mention of your name incites smiles, disbelieving head shakes and looks of wonder, when you vault yourself right up to the top of the leaderboard for potential National Player of the Year candidates, you've got the little old MWC POTW award in the bag.
Newcomer of the Week: Drew Gordon, Junior, New Mexico – A couple weeks back when we gave Gordon this award, it was on the heels of a spectacular week. (Seriously, have you checked this out yet?) This week was perhaps a more pedestrian week, but Gordon was still incredibly effective. Over the course of the week, he went for 27 points, 23 rebounds, four blocks and 65% shooting from the field. There are still plenty of places where Gordon needs to improve his game (um, he's averaging one assist every 111 minutes this season), but if he can keep being a ferocious rebounder and a reliable post scorer for the Lobos, he can help turn this squad into a scary matchup for teams across the conference.
Game of the Week: BYU 71, San Diego State 58 – Usually here we detail a particularly close and dramatic game. This week, while Air Force did play in a couple of games decided by a total of four points, the game of the week was obvious. While there was no real drama in the last four minutes or so, this was the MWC's turn in the national spotlight. And it was good. Sure, the Aztec team that we've seen all season was a shadow of its usual self, and sure there were stretches where the defenses seemed to be significantly ahead of the offenses, but this was a completely enjoyable way to spend a weeknight hour or two. Fredette gets all the publicity (and rightly so), but Leonard was amazing as well, despite playing with the flu, notching 22 points and grabbing 15 rebounds. Maybe next time these two teams meet in San Diego, we'll get the down-to-the-wire, white knuckle finish we were hoping for, but just because we didn't get that on Wednesday night doesn't mean we watched anything short of a completely compelling spectacle.
Game of the Upcoming Week: San Diego State (21-1, 6-1) at Colorado State (15-6, 5-2), 2/2, 6PM PST, CBS College Sports – While this won't have the national panache that the game of a week earlier had, this battle could have just as big an effect on the conference title picture. The Aztecs and Cougars are tied atop the conference with just one loss, but just a game back looms CSU, a veteran team that still has to prove that they belong in the conversation with the big boys in this league. Against BYU a couple weeks back, they kept the game close for the better part of 40 minutes before letting the game slip away at the end, but they did score a win over UNLV. Right now the Rams sit on their own mini-tier in the conference, not quite having yet posted the credentials to earn them consideration alongside the two teams above them, but surprisingly ahead of the rest of the conference. However, in their quest to prove that they are deserving of NCAA Tournament consideration, a win over the Aztecs would be a huge feather in their cap. For their part, the Aztecs still have a bad taste in their mouth after their less than stellar performance against BYU, and even a 39-point win over Wyoming on Saturday hasn't yet washed that away; they'll be looking to re-establish their place in the conference.
Power Rankings
1. San Diego State (21-1, 6-1): I'm leaving the Aztecs as my pick in the conference based on BYU's loss to New Mexico and the fact that SDSU's hosts the next matchup between the teams on February 26. But, beyond that, the loss on Wednesday night did reveal, or highlight, some flaws here. We've talked about it before, but as good as the Aztecs have been on the offensive glass all season long, they're just average on the defensive glass. Some of that comes from their aggressiveness in trying to challenge shots on the defensive end, but a bit of it comes from the lack of effort at times. That portion of it is eminently fixable. More concerning was the complete absence of any positive effect on the game from D.J. Gay. Gay has been a rock for the Aztecs, knocking down big shots, playing solid defense and just generally willing his team to victories in tight games since the middle of last season. On Wednesday night, he was largely invisible, other than being in the frame when Fredette was knocking down jumpers. He wound up with two points on 0-7 shooting, and seemed to lose confidence as Fredette ascendance continued. For the Aztecs to live up to their potential, they'll need Gay to be the tough-nosed bulldog that he has been over the past year.
A look ahead: The Aztecs travel to Fort Collins for our Game of the Week on Wednesday, then return home for a relative breather against TCU on Saturday.
2. BYU (20-2, 6-1): Believe it or not, there is more than one player on this Cougar team, and there are plenty of good ones. Among them, sophomore forward Brandon Davies has taken a huge leap forward this season, a very positive development for this squad, given that at the start of the year he was very much a question mark. There was no doubt about his talent, but his effort and basketball IQ were sometimes questioned, leaving him riding the pine for large portion of the Cougars first two games. However, of late he has earned a valuable spot in the rotation and has come through, scoring in double figures in the last seven games and in 13 of their last 14. While his best years are still ahead of him (I'll put him on by 2011-12 Preseason All-MWC team right now), he'll be a big factor for the Cougars down the stretch. Another intriguing frontcourt player is 6'10 junior James Anderson. Against the Aztecs he came out of nowhere to block five shots in the game, just one shy of his total in the other 146 minutes he's been on the floor this year. His minutes have been up and down this year, and he's most apt to get run only when there are injuries or foul problems up front, but he showed on Wednesday that when called upon, he's capable of providing quality minutes.
A look ahead: The Cougars travel to Laramie for a win at Wyoming, then return home to welcome the Runnin' Rebels as the second time around the conference begins.
3. Colorado State (15-6, 5-2): After a couple of good wins against some sneaky-tough middle-of-the-pack MWC teams this week, the Rams can look back at the first half of their conference schedule and feel good that they've at least beaten the teams that they should have beaten. Mix in a loss at New Mexico, a home loss to BYU and a road win at UNLV and Tim Miles has to feel pretty good about the fact that he's got his CSU team in the conversation for an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament. There is still work to do, however, and as happens every year, the bubble is bound to shrink come March as teams steal bids, but the Rams are at least in a place where this is a doable thing. If senior forward Andy Ogide keeps playing the caliber of basketball that he currently is, not only will he have a spot saved for him on the first team All-MWC, but he should be able to get the Rams over the hump. In a tight win over Utah on Saturday, Ogide went for a career-high 28 points, ten rebounds and three three-pointers, the latter a jaw-dropping number given that he had made exactly four other threes in his entire collegiate career.
A look ahead: CSU travels to UNLV on Wednesday, then hosts BYU on Saturday. Good luck.
4. UNLV (16-5, 4-3): The Rebels just had one game this week, and given the way they played in the early-going of their game in Laramie, they seemed like that were interested in taking the whole week off. Luckily, their offense got going late in the first half and then the Rebels ripped through a 51-34 second half to ease away from the Cowboys late. Tre'Von Willis, Oscar Bellfield and Chace Stanback each went for 17 points in the game and Anthony Marshall led the team in both rebounds (11) and assists (5).
A look ahead: A tough week awaits the Rebels, with a visit from a vastly improved Utah squad preceding a visit to Provo for an attempt at paying back the Cougars for their conference-opening loss in Las Vegas.
5. New Mexico (15-7, 3-4): We talked about the Lobos above in our team of the week section, but to sum it up: Lobo fans are hoping that their team has turned the corner.
A look ahead: The Lobos have a winnable road game at Air Force tonight, but they'll need to earn it with a good performance against an improved Falcon squad. They've got a bye on the weekend before beginning their second run through the conference with a visit from Wyoming next Wednesday.
6. Utah (10-11, 3-4): The Utes gave Colorado State all they could take on Saturday, but after scrapping back to tie the game late at 68, they gave up the final six points of the game and slid back below .500 in conference. Will Clyburn continued his strong play with 19 points and ten rebounds, but also turned the ball over six times, a weakness that has plagued the Utes all season long.
A look ahead: Utah wraps up the first half of conference play with a trip to Las Vegas, then start the flip side by hosting Air Force on Saturday.
7. Air Force (12-8, 3-4): The Falcons played two games they can be proud of this week; unfortunately, the record still reads 1-1 on the week. Against CSU on Wednesday, sophomore Mike Lyons did his best to bring the Academy back late, with seven points in the last 30 seconds, but every time his heroics brought the Falcons a step closer the Rams had an answer. Against TCU on Saturday, it was junior Taylor Stewart with a layup with 15 seconds left in overtime that provided the final margin in a 66-65 win.
A look ahead: The Falcons host New Mexico on Wednesday, then travel to Utah for what should be a very evenly matched game.
8. TCU (10-13, 1-7): TCU has wrapped up the first half of their conference schedule, given that they have a mid-week bye this week, and with just one win on the season, they are assured to be at least tied for last place in the conference. We knew coming in that this would be a tough year for the undersized and inexperienced Frogs, but this has been above and beyond what was expected. Aside from two additional losses last week, there was a third, big loss: the indefinite suspension of junior guard and leading scorer Ronnie Moss. Moss was suspended by head coach Jim Christian on Friday for "a failure to adhere to the standards of the program" and the feeling around Fort Worth is that he has played his last game for the team. Combined with the dismissal of junior college transfer Sammy Yeager at the beginning of this month, it has been a rough January for a program that seemed to be making some strides in the non-conference schedule. But now, the program seems to be back to square one, a proposition that has to have Christian, in his third year as the Horned Frog coach, questioning his future in Fort Worth with a move to the Big East imminent.
A look ahead: Things are going to get worse before they get better for the Frogs, with a visit to San Diego State due up on Saturday.
9. Wyoming (8-13, 1-6): While things are bad for TCU and Jim Christian, they can be thankful they are not Wyoming and Heath Schroyer. After playing UNLV pretty good for a half on Tuesday, SDSU took out their frustrations on the Cowboys in a big way on Saturday, scoring the first 14 points, 33 of the first 44 and building a 53-22 halftime lead. The only big question remaining for the Cowboy program this season is when they fire Schroyer and who they look to as a replacement.
A look ahead: Wyoming hosts BYU and Colorado State this week, at least giving the home crowd a chance to see what a good team looks like.


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With another meeting against Real Madrid looming next Tuesday, Ferguson knows he must get his team selection right at Old Trafford if United are to stand any chance of progressing to the quarter-finals.
"In 1999 I left Paul Scholes out of the quarter-final against Inter Milan yet he was the one who scored the goal that got us through," Ferguson told MUTV.
Ferguson's team selection is bound to mean disappointment for some, as it did in the Bernabeu a fortnight ago. On that occasion, skipper Nemanja Vidic headed a list of high-profile omissions, with neither Ashley Young nor Nani included either.
After watching Real hammer Barcelona in the Nou Camp on Tuesday night in the first of back-to-back 'El Clasicos' prior to Jose Mourinho's men heading to Manchester, Ferguson knows how important it is that he makes the correct calls.
Yet, even for those who miss out, the United boss can point to a very real example to prove it does not necessarily mean they can never have an impact with the Red Devils.
He added on MUTV: "(In 1999) I left him (Scholes) out of the semi-final because I couldn't risk him and Roy Keane together as they were both on yellow cards. He accepted it graciously, came on, got booked and missed the final anyway.
"What did he do? He didn't let it affect him. He went on to become one of the greatest players this club has ever had.
"The players sense it could be a big year for them. But at this club, in this situation, anything can happen on the run-in. Players can all of a sudden find themselves playing in a final or an important league game because that is the kind of squad I have."
The first guide to Ferguson's thinking will come with his team selection for Saturday's Barclays Premier League encounter with Norwich. Neither Vidic nor Rio Ferdinand are being trusted to play more than a game a week just now, so selection for either man, or omission for that matter, may be telling.
Source: PA
Source: PA


text: International network People of diverse backgrounds are central to our university. Our international networks offer ideal opportunities and a point of departure for our students during their time here. With about 50% international faculty and 34% foreign students from 87 nations, we are an international and multicultural institution. Our international student body holds the many English-language programmes in high esteem. Partner universities Our 200 partner universities allow our students to take part in many different exchange semesters around the world. Should you elect to study abroad, our International Exchange offers you excellent support and advice. Hubs and international networks HSG hubs in Singapore and São Paulo In close cooperation with our hubs (Institutes) in Singapore and São Paulo we offer special exchange opportunities. Our local support staff helps to ensure everything runs smoothly and is always available to answer your questions. International networks Our students also have the opportunity to benefit from membership and cooperation with international networks such as CEMS, PIM or APSIA. CEMS is a strategic alliance that links some of the world's leading business universities and multinational companies. PIM - Partnership in International Management is a network of the world's leading business universities. We are a member of the "Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA)". APSIA is an association made up of universities in North America, Asia and Europe and is dedicated to improving professional education in the field of international relations. English-language programmes Bachelor's degree course Studies begin with the Assessment Year. There is an option between studying in German (German Track) or in English (English Track). After the Assessment Year, the majors in Business Administration, Economics and International Affairs can be completed in a flexible mix of English and German. In the course of their English-language Bachelor studies, students must complete at least two of the course's elements in German. Language courses are on offer. Master's programmes We offer eight English-language Master's programmes (M.A. HSG) to help you reach your international educational goals: • Marketing, Services and Communication Management (MSC) • Accounting and Finance (MAccFin) • Strategy and International Management (SIM) • Banking and Finance (MBF) • Economics (MEcon) • Quantitative Economics and Finance (MiQE/F) • International Affairs and Governance (MIA) • International Law (MIL) Double degree in English-language programmes Exceptional students have the option of taking part in our double degree programme with prestigious partners such as Bocconi Milan, ESADE Barcelona, HEC Paris, NTU Singapore, RSM Rotterdam, Fletcher School, Boston and Sciences Po, Paris. As a member of the CEMS, the global alliance for excellence in management education, we also belong to the CEMS MIM programme (Master's in International Management). HSG Alumni Our alumni association has existed for more than 80 years, making it the oldest and perhaps most influential of its kind in central Europe. 188 alumni clubs on five continents HSG Alumni is the University of St.Gallen's official alumni association. With about 26,000 members, 188 alumni clubs on five continents and more than 300 annual events it is one of the most active alumni organisations in Europe. The goal of HSG Alumni is to promote networking among former students and to maintain their ties with their alma mater. Mission of HSG Alumni Generating benefit: We create value for our members – and call for their commitment. Interlinking: We are the community of all graduates of the University of St.Gallen. Funding and support: We contribute towards the development of the University of St.Gallen and support its students. HSG Alumni is a not-for-profit, independent organisation that works closely with the university. The work of the volunteer board is supported and coordinated by a permanent office in St.Gallen.


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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
On-line version ISSN 2078-5135
Print version ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.99 n.1 Cape Town Jan. 2009
Medicines: effectiveness or cost
To the Editor: Regarding the article by Chris Bateman,1 I was horrified to see that I am readily identifiable as the journalist's 'source', as I had officially withdrawn and dissociated myself from all aspects of the article. The article is flawed and does not reflect the collegial nature of the discussions at provincial and national levels. It is ironic that the article attempts to debate the ethics of breast cancer drug allocation - but there has been a lack of ethical due-process in its publication. The lack of peer review is highlighted by the spelling of one of the prominent agents involved (i.e. the taxanes), which are spelt 'texanes' throughout the article.
This letter, however, allows me the opportunity to highlight the need for a formal review process for medicines in a resource-constrained health care sector, such as our own.
The way in which medicines are usually evaluated in the various sectors in South Africa is based on two criteria: effectiveness and cost. However, in reality, decisions are invariably based on expert opinion. Unfortunately, the emphasis is usually on either effectiveness or cost, and hardly ever on a systematic analysis that incorporates both considerations. There are a number of reasons for this behaviour: (i) lack of appreciation of the role of cost-effectiveness analysis in decision making; (ii) scarcity or absence of individuals with the necessary critical appraisal skills; and (iii) a short-term view of the consequences of health care decisions.
It is imperative that this kind of independent systematic analysis takes place for all medicines, so ensuring access, an equitable distribution of resources, and justice in the health care industry. Such a process will go a long way towards establishing an appropriate standard of clinical excellence, open to scrutiny. This is a critical ethical imperative in a resource-constrained health care system such as South Africa's, and for societal trust in the process.
Marc Blockman
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Clinical Pharmacology
University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital
1. Bateman C. Vital breast cancer drugs highlight funding ethics. S Afr Med J 2008; 98: 833-836. [ Links ]


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Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main active compound found in industrial hemp, and it has significant medical benefits. Unlike THC, it won't get you "high", which makes it an appealing option. CBD is just one of hundreds of cannabinoids, terpenes, and phytonutrients present in industrial hemp and beneficial to your overall health and wellness.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is just one of over 85 naturally-occurring constituents identified in the hemp plant. The most abundant non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in hemp, CBD is becoming increasingly popular due to highly publicized exposure in the media and the wide scope of its benefits on health and wellness. Clinical reports and mounds of test data showing little to no side effects and a lack of the psychoactivity typically associated with marijuana products and high THC levels have also contributed to CBD's rise in popularity. CBD will not adversely affect sensory awareness, perception, consciousness, reaction time, or behavior.
Cannabinoids, which can be either consumed or produced naturally by the body, are chemical compounds that interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), our body's central regulatory system. The ECS, a physiological system first discovered in the late 1980's, regulates the body's general state of balance, impacting such functions as mood, sleep, appetite, hormone regulation, and pain and immune reponse.
Cannabinoids have been found to have antioxidant and neuroprotectant properties, making them useful in a wide variety of health and wellness applications. In addition to its positive effects on the endocannabinoid system, CBD has been the focus of more than 23,000 published studies about cannabinoids in relation to various medical indications.
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Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Last edited by SirBloody Idiot; 15-03-2011 at 02:03 AM.
Trofeo Paolo Corazzi II
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Last edited by SirBloody Idiot; 15-03-2011 at 02:01 AM.
Man, I have so underutilised my mod powers.
Please accept me!
Name: Brian Benchmark
Age: 24
Handedness: Right
Surface: Gravel
Tall, strong, handsome. Loves walking along the beach and riding horseback. Budding poet mainly the realm of biting internet wit. Resemblance to Sandy Roberts a plus.
Last edited by SirBloody Idiot; 01-03-2011 at 07:12 AM.
Parmi | #1 draft pick | Jake King is **** | Big Bash League tipping champion of the universeCome and Paint Turtle
... .... .- -.- . / - .... . / -.. . .- - .... / ..-. .-. --- -- / -.-- --- ..- .-. / -... --- -. . ...
Can I be entered for the French Open Qualifiers please? Probably won't get in, but it'll be fun trying.
My Supporting XI: V Sehwag, T Iqbal, S Katich (c), K Sangakkara, S Chanderpaul, E Morgan, S Al Hasan, M Rahim (+), G Swann, D Steyn, Z Khan
In for the West.
A follower of the schools of Machiavelli, Bentham, Locke, Hobbes, Sutcliffe, Bradman, Lindwall, Miller, Hassett, Benaud and Thunberg
I had a glimpse of Eureka
Chewing me up, chewing me up and spitting me out
-jected, I was rejected
I wasn't good enough to be elected
Lava, it was like lava
Moving through my body like fire
Anyway, I'm happy to enter the team tourney, but otherwise it'll be Nice to go to Nice. Need more practise on Clay before the French.
Fascist Dictator of the Heath Davis Appreciation Society
Supporting Petone's Finest since the very start - Iain O'Brien
Also Supporting the All Time #1 Batsman of All Time Ever - Jacques Kallis and the much maligned Peter Siddle.
Vimes tells it how it is:
Odds on me getting a WC for Roland Garros? I'll go in the qualifiers anyway, else I'll play at Nice.
RIP Craig Walsh (Craig) 1985-2012
RIP Hughesy 1988-2014. 63* for eternity.
In for whatever's best. Probably need a rest though.
Sad to see this go...very sad indeed.
Mustard made a name for himself at the Season 1 French Open, so hopefully he can repeat that.
Count me in for the Teams Event.
Cricketweb Colts Captain
I'm a member of Club KerryOriginally Posted by Richard
I'm Green
The color of immortality, nature and envy - you are truly a unique person. While clearly the color of nature, you also symbolize rebirth, fertility and hope in the world. On the other side of the spectrum, a natural aptitude to money with green coming to signify money and possibly even *********!
I'm going to go for the challenger event in Asia. I want to try and win a tournament before this ends!
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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Little babies mean big baby gear purchases — and a crib may be the biggest one you'll make right now, both in size and expense. And it'll take some big consideration, too. Your baby will be clocking a lot of hours in that crib until he or she graduates to a bed, so you'll want it to be just right — the right style, right size, and right color. Most of all, you'll want the crib to be as safe as can be.
Fortunately, if you'll be bringing a new one home, you've got the government on your (and your baby's) side when it comes to crib safety. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) made crib safety a top priority in 2011, setting strict standards for both manufacturers and retailers. These requirements include stronger mattress supports and crib slats, extremely durable crib hardware and rigorous safety testing. Also, the CPSC put an end to manufacturing and selling dangerous drop-side cribs. Though you'll still want to take any crib you're considering through the checklist below, the CPSC standards should make crib safety assessment a lot simpler.
On the other hand, if your heart's set on an older crib — like that antique in Aunt Anna's attic — you'll need to determine whether it's a safe crib or not. If a hand-me-down crib doesn't pass muster (or itis just plain musty), take a pass.
Here's how to make sure you're buying a safe crib:
- The slats and corner posts of a crib should be no more than 2 3/8 inches apart (yes, it's fine to whip out the ruler while you're shopping for your baby). Wider slats pose an entrapment danger.
- Corner posts should be flush with the end panels (or no more than 1/16 inches higher). Is that heirloom outfitted with fancy finials or natty knobs? Saw them off (and sand down the rough edges).
- In a safe crib, the hardware — bolts, screws, and the like — should be firmly secured, with no sharp edges or rough areas and no spots that can pinch or otherwise injure your beautiful babe. The crib's wood should be free of cracks or splits. (And the entire crib — sides, slats, and all — should be very sturdy with tight joints.)
- Consider more than the color when it comes to crib paint. The paint on older cribs may contain lead, which poses a serious health risk to babies and young children. If you have a hunch that your prospect's paint is lead-based, have it stripped and start from scratch with a high-quality, lead-free enamel (check the paint label to make sure your choice is safe as a nursery item). For a natural nursery, stick to non-toxic paint with low or no volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Any crib that has peeling or cracked paint (even lead-free) should also be refinished.
- Make sure the mattress fits snugly against the inside of the crib. To ensure crib safety, try the two-finger test: If you can fit more than two fingers — Mom's, not Dad's if he has big hands — between the mattress and the crib, the mattress isn't a good fit. (The harder it is for you to make the bed, the better for your baby.) Also, if the mattress is new, pull off that plastic. Make sure, too, that the mattress itself is firm.
- Make sure never to put plush toys or soft bedding in the crib with your baby (even the adorable pillow and comforter that comes with the crib bedding set) because they can pose a suffocation hazard. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) also strongly advises against using bumper pads, as they increase the risk of SIDS and other crib-deaths. If you do decide to go against the AAP's recommendations, skip the padded kind and use thin, breathable ones that fit firmly around the whole crib. Then take down the bumpers as soon as your baby can stand, so your little one won't use them to climb out.
- Lastly, stay away from crib models with headboards and footboards with pretty decorative cutouts, which are prohibited by the CPSC. And, in light of the latest crib safety standards, be sure to pass on a hand-me-down drop-side crib.
Think you know what to look for in your future crib, Mama? Now check out these must-have nursery items.Here's to your baby's safe slumber,


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Welcome to the North American site for STOKO Professional Skin Care
...where your skin care and hand hygiene solutions are only a few clicks away.
STOKO® Professional Skin Care is a leading provider of science based solutions to promote skin health and hygiene while away from home. Whether at work, play, or travel, STOKO® provides solutions for total skin health and wellness with products that help protect and condition the skin, gently cleanse the skin from the most stubborn grease and grime to everyday handwashing through to effective hand sanitizing.
Our brand promises are:
- To provide the best ingredients for clean and healthy skin with no compromises
- To provide skin consulting to solve the toughest challenges
- To provide verifiable sustainability that is meaningful for the environment


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We've heard conflicting reports over the past year about the future of the Mercedes "Baby Benz" — some quoting a "weak Euro" while others providing "the falling dollar" as reasoning for abandonment of the A-class. This latest report claims the A-class will get the ax after what we're told is a planned change in both the A and B-class lineups in 2011 because of a Teutonic flight to "luxury." While we're unsure about all of this tea leaf reading, we're sure of one thing — the board of Daimler
Chrysler is most assuredly against anything right now that looks even remotely like "non-luxury."
DaimlerChrysler's Mercedes considering exiting from A-class model - report [AFX via Forbes]
Mercedes A-Class in America? Think A -Gain; Oh, No, Vaneo!: Mercedes Recalls 50,000 A-Class Cars [internal]


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Police Arrest 2 Men Heading To Wakarusa
Thursday was the opening day for the Wakarusa Camping and Music Festival at Mulberry Mountain, but two men likely won't be attending after being arrested at a Sallisaw hotel.
Sallisaw Police Chief Shaloa Edwards said Johnny Ray and Omriel Cook were staying at the Motel 6, when officers made contact with them following an investigation of a separate domestic disturbance at the hotel.
Edwards said his officers smelled a strong odor of marijuana coming from the men's room.
Edwards said the men agreed to a search and officer found more than four pounds of marijuana in Johnny Ray's vehicle.
"This is a special flavor is what they called it ... that was imported from Africa and Maui," Edwards said.
Edwards said Ray and Cook told officers they were in town, heading to Wakarusa.
"They had scales, a box of baggies and things where they were going to divide it out and probably sell it and use it," Edwards said.
Sallisaw police said the two men showed officers Colorado prescription cards for marijuana, which Edwards said comes with stipulations.
"They cannot carry it outside (Colorado), and they had a lot more than two ounces on them," Edwards said.
Police said they also seized mushrooms and brownies and chocolate bars lased with drugs.
Wakarusa officials are expecting more than 15,000 people over their four-day event. Several law enforcement agencies are monitor the festival's activities from a command post stationed along Highway 23.
Steve Coleman with the Arkansas State Police said officials biggest problem so far has been high volumes of traffic. He also said there's been some DWI and drug arrests. Officials numbers were not available.
"Not a large number, but we made a few. I wouldn't say I'm surprised, but we make drug arrests everyday," Coleman said.
Cook and Ray were booked into the Sallisaw jail.


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FICPAYou Are Here:
Quick CPE Search
Disable Desktop Alerts In Outlook
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If you live in Outlook and get hundreds of messages each day, it's extremely annoying when the desktop alert pops up every time you get a message. Here's how to turn off the annoyance.
Disable Desktop Alerts Outlook 2010
Launch Outlook 2010 then click Files >> Options.
The Outlook Option window comes up. Select Mail then scroll down to Message Arrival and uncheck Display a Desktop Alert. If you're sick of hearing the alert noise, go ahead and uncheck Play a Sound, too.
Disable Desktop Alerts Outlook 2007 & 2003
Launch Outlook 2007 and click Tools >> Options.
The options window opens. In the Email section click the Email Options button.
Next, click Advanced Email Options.
The Advanced Email Options window opens. Uncheck Display a New Mail Desktop Alert and uncheck Play a Sound if you don't want that either.
If you just want to adjust the way the notification displays, click Desktop Alert Settings. Then you can adjust the transparency and how long it displays.
After you make your selections, click ok in all of the open Outlook windows to return to your inbox. No more annoying and distracting email desktop displays.
This Tech Tip is brought to you by the Business and Technology Section ... IT solutions for today's CPAs. For more information and to view an archive of previous Tech Tips, please visit us here.
Do you have specific topics you would like to see covered in Tech Tips? Email any suggestions to email@example.com.


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Cherry Bekaert Benefits Consulting, is a benefits and risk management consulting firm headquartered in Uniondale, New York, with offices around the country. Our benefits consulting services are designed to provide specialized advisory support in the areas of health and welfare, retirement and estate trust planning. Our benefits consultants are among the most experienced and credentialed in the insurance arena.
Cherry Bekaert Benefits Consulting, LLC is a Chernoff Diamond Affiliate. Chernoff Diamond & Co., LLC is a Managing Member of Cherry Bekaert Benefits Consulting. Chernoff Diamond & Co., LLC offers Investment Advisory Services through M Holdings Securities, Inc., A Registered Broker/Dealer, Member FINRA/SIPC. Check the background of this Firm and/or investment professional on FINRA's BrokerCheck. Chernoff Diamond & Co., LLC is independently owned and operated. Chernoff Diamond & Co., LLC, is a member of M Financial Group. Please visit mfin.com/DisclosureStatement.htm for further details involving this relationship.
Chernoff Diamond and their registered representatives are currently licensed to sell variable life and annuity products, as well as other securities products, in the states of California (#0782382, #0A04009), Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia and Washington DC. Residents of other states should consult with a local registered representative for securities products.
Proper state registration is mandatory prior to conducting business in any state.
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Purchasing & Vendor Information
The majority of Southwest Florida International Airport purchases are made through a comprehensive system of specifications and competitive bidding. This process ensures that contracts for supplies or services will be awarded to the lowest, most responsive, responsible bidder who complies with the specifications, terms and conditions, and has the capacity to deliver the service or product to the Lee County Port Authority. Information and listing of Current & Upcoming Projects can be found on the Lee County Port Authority Website.
Vendor Enrollment Packet (PDF)
How to Do Business with the Lee County Port Authority (PDF)
Online Vendor Registration
- Registration Instructions
Automated Vendor Payment Program (ACH Credits)
Directions to Airport Training & Conference Center
Mailing address for Lee County Port Authority Invoices:
Lee County Finance Department
P.O. Box 2463
Fort Myers, FL 33902


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Timberwolves beat Pistons 114-101
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — The Minnesota Timberwolves can't afford any more lazy starts like the one that got them beat two nights ago. They can't afford any more losses to teams with inferior records. Their one last, desperate playoff push begins right now.
The Detroit Pistons are in the same boat. But they sure aren't playing like it.
Kevin Love had 28 points, 14 rebounds and five assists, and the Timberwolves led by 31 points in the third quarter en route to a 114-101 victory over the Pistons on Friday night.
Kevin Martin scored 24 points and Ricky Rubio added 11 points, nine assists and eight rebounds for the Timberwolves, who trail the Dallas Mavericks by five games for the eighth and final playoff spot in the West with 21 games to go.
"We have to have more discipline in what we do," said coach Rick Adelman, referring to the Wolves letting the Pistons back into the game in the fourth. "I don't care what the score is. We have to learn. It's hurt us in the past and it will hurt us again if we don't know the time and score."
Greg Monroe had 20 points and 15 rebounds, and Will Bynum scored all 17 of his points in the fourth quarter for the Pistons. But Detroit shot 40 percent and lost for the ninth time in 11 games, yet another demoralizing performance for a team that started the night just three games back of eighth-place Atlanta in the East.
"Tonight our lack of defense, especially in that first half, dictated our offense," Pistons coach John Loyer said. "It's pretty hard to really have great pace and play with offensive pace if you're so lackadaisical on the defensive end, which we were."
Nikola Pekovic had 17 points and nine rebounds for Minnesota (31-30), which matched its win total of last season and led by 28 when the final quarter opened.
But Bynum got going in the fourth, and his driving layup cut the lead to 112-101 with a minute to play. But the deficit proved too big for the Pistons to overcome.
"Sometimes coach has to make a hockey substitution and put all five (starters) back in," Martin said with a smile. "We're just happy we got a win."
The Timberwolves came home from an 11-day West Coast road trip that included four wins in five games to move them one game above .500 and 4½ out of the eighth and final playoff spot in the demanding Western Conference. A four-game homestand against struggling opponents had them cautiously optimistic that they could sneak back into the mix.
But they opened the crucial stretch with a clunker, falling behind 15-2 en route to losing on to the woeful New York Knicks on Wednesday night. The loss stung even more when Phoenix, Dallas and Memphis, the three teams right ahead of them in the playoff chase, all lost before the Wolves hit the floor.
"We learned our lesson, we played aggressive tonight and everyone did a good job," Rubio said.
With almost no margin for error the rest of the way, the Wolves jumped on the Pistons from the get-go. After struggling mightily from the field and playing tentatively in his previous two games, Martin came out very aggressive in the first quarter. He hit three of his first four shots and attacked the basket with a layup that gave the Wolves a 29-11 lead.
The battle under the boards between two of the most physical, tenacious rebounding front lines in the league never materialized. Monroe picked up two quick fouls and a technical in the first quarter that limited his effectiveness early and Andre Drummond, who was averaging 13.0 rebounds per game and leads the league in offensive rebounds, had just two points and one rebound while playing 15 minutes over the first three quarters due to foul trouble.
Drummond finished with six points and seven rebounds before fouling out.
"There are a lot of young guys and a lot of players on this team that haven't been able to experience the postseason," said Pistons forward Josh Smith, who had 13 points on 4-for-14 shooting. "They won't understand it until they get in and they get that feeling. That's when that addiction starts to creep in."
NOTES: Brandon Jennings had 17 points, five assists and five rebounds for the Pistons, but did not play in the fourth quarter. ... Wolves backup PG J.J. Barea, the subject of boos from the home crowd against the Knicks, had another rough game, with four points on 2-for-8 shooting. ... The rock band Arcade Fire, including basketball aficionado Win Butler, was in attendance.


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DETROIT (Reuters) - Ford Motor Co (F.N) is still working on a remedy for a defect that raises the risk of an engine fire in almost 90,000 just-launched Escape and Fusion models, an executive at the second-largest U.S. automaker said on Monday.
This is the fourth recall of the 2013 Escape crossover since July. The Escape and the 2013 Fusion sedan are considered Ford's two most critical launches this year.
The problem, which affects models equipped with the turbocharged 1.6-liter engine, has triggered nine fires in vehicles owned by customers, Ford said in a document filed with U.S. safety regulators on Friday.
"We are working on the fix for the vehicles," said Ken Czubay, vice president of Ford's U.S. sales, marketing and service, told reporters and analysts on Monday.
"It's because of an overheating situation, which can result in certain circumstances in an engine fire, but we have had very few of those," he said during a call about November auto sales.
The 1.6-liter engine can overheat, leading to a fluid leak. If the fluid contacts the vehicle's hot exhaust system, this may cause a fire, Ford said in documents filed with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on November 30.
The latest recall involves 73,320 Escapes and 15,833 Fusions.
The Escape has been recalled twice before for problems with its 1.6-liter turbocharged engine. Two other recalls, both issued in early July, involved potentially defective brakes and mispositioned carpeting.
The Escape and Fusion, both completely redesigned for model year 2013, compete in segments that account for one of three auto sales to U.S. consumers, Ford has said. It is relying on the new models to build its U.S. market share this year.
Ford has not yet seen any "derogatory showroom traffic" on the vehicles as a result of the recalls, Czubay said. He said Ford is taking "all measures" to handle the recalls smoothly.
Escape sales dropped 4 percent in November, while total Ford vehicle sales rose 6.5 percent.
"Obviously, any recall doesn't help," TrueCar.com analyst Jesse Toprak said. "The way a manufacturer handles the recall makes a big difference and Ford has learned a lot of lessons, so have other automakers, to be extremely proactive on all issues."
Most of the recalled models are in the United States, Ford said. There have been no injuries stemming from the defect and Ford is loaning owners a car for free while it looks for a fix.
In July, Ford told owners to stop driving the 2013 Escape, citing a manufacturing problem that damaged the fuel lines. Ford recalled the model again in September because of an improperly installed engine cup plug.
The Escape models affected by last week's recall were built at the Louisville Assembly Plant from October 2011 to November 2012. The Fusion sedans were built this year at Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly Plant in Mexico from February through November.
According to the documents, Ford got word that a 2013 Escape caught fire in Florida in early September. Ford found that the engine was being operated without an engine oil dipstick, causing engine oil to spill over and touch the exhaust system.
From late September until late November, Ford received eight reports of vehicle fires, including one of a fire in a Fusion sedan. But Ford could not assess the cause of the fire.
Additionally, Ford also reported two previously undisclosed fire reports in vehicles that were not yet sold to customers.
(Paragraph two of this story has been corrected to show "fourth recall" instead of fifth)
Reporting by Deepa Seetharaman; Additional reporting by Bernie Woodall and Ben Klayman; Editing by Andrew Hay


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SMOKEY POINT — The Stillaguamish Athletic Club's fifth annual Health and Fitness Fair's 21 vendors met with as many as 500 members of the public on Monday, Nov. 4.
Christina Carbajal, member specialist and program director for the Stillaguamish Athletic Club, explained that the fair aimed to showcase businesses and products intended to enhance health and wellness, as part of the club's overall mission of health and wellness.
"It's a way of giving back to community members and the local businesses who purpose is to enhance their healthy lifestyles," Carbajal said. "It's an outlet that allows everyone to meet a lot of new people."
Rite-Aid even administered eight flu shots near the end of the day-long event, while the Arlington Fire Department was also invited to fit children for helmets and call for donations to their "Coats for Kids" drive.
"We have a number of needy families in the area who can't afford something as simple and necessary as winter coats, so for a while, people were pitching in their used coats," Arlington firefighter Wayne Mitchell said. "We wanted to take that a step further, so now we're collecting brand new coats so that local kids can get quality jackets rather than just hand-me-downs."
Mitchell and his fellow Arlington firefighters believe that new coats inspire higher self-esteem in children, and help keep them in school throughout the winter months, while also freeing up tight family resources.
For donate, log onto www.operationwarm.org/arlington, or text "WARM" to 50555.
Marysville's Matthew Gonzales and Chelsey Roe-Gonzales touted the gains in health and self-esteem that they've made through "Take Shape For Life," for which they now both serve as certified health coaches.
"From April of 2009, I lost 116 pounds within a year," Chelsey Roe-Gonzales said. "Focusing on weight loss issues is just the first step, though, in letting you realize that you can reach your goals of getting healthy."
Matthew Gonzales confessed that he waited for more than a year after his wife's weight loss to follow suit, but once he did, he dropped 173 pounds — half his body weight — between September of 2011 and August of 2012.
"It's a total approach of healthy bodies, healthy minds and healthy finances," Matthew Gonzales said. "When I lost that weight, I noticed that I was sleeping better and leading a healthier lifestyle. It's all about supporting you through the transition."
"It's about the symptoms that aren't being dealt with," Chelsey Roe-Gonzales said. "And we're about paying it forward, so there's no charge for our services."
You can find out more about the Gonzaleses online at http://healthrevolution4u.tsfl.com.
Dr. Devin Brossard's Symmetry Chiropractic Wellness Center has been operating out of Smokey Point for the past year and a half, and she and her daughter Lexi attended the Health and Fitness Fair to demonstrate their heat-sensitive diagnostic equipment.
"We're actually looking to open a new clinic soon, just because we're growing out of the old one," Devin Brossard said, as she demonstrated her equipment on Lexi. "This sensor measures the heat of your nerves under your skin. People think that, just because they don't see any problems in their spines, or they don't feel any pain, that there's no problem, but pain is usually the last issue to come up when you have a spinal problem. This heat sensor shows if there's inflammation of the neck muscles or nerves, after which we can administer a stress survey."
The Symmetry Chiropractic Wellness Center is located in Suite B-102 at 3710 168th St. NE in Arlington.
The Stillaguamish Athletic Club is located at 4417 172nd St. NE in Arlington. For more information, log onto www.sacfitlife.com.