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LCA using classes to predict a contin...
Mplus Discussion
Latent Variable Mixture Modeling
Katherine Fiori
posted on Friday, March 27, 2009 - 11:45 am
I am trying to use a 6-class solution in LCA to predict continuous outcomes (e.g., depression, or t2dep) at Time 2 while controlling for various things at Time 1 (Time 1 depression, or t1dep, sex, age, income, education, and marital status).
I found a lot of information about the syntax to predict class membership, but not much about how to use class membership to predict outcomes. When I used the following syntax, I got the ERROR message below it:
Classes = c(6);
Analysis: Type = Mixture Missing ;
Starts = 500 40;
T2dep on C T1dep rc001re sexrsp
rb003red t1age;
The following MODEL statements are ignored:
* Statements in the OVERALL class:
Can you tell me what I am doing wrong? I also tried writing out C#1-C#5 in the model statement, but I got the same error message. What is the appropriate syntax for using class to predict an outcome, controlling for various covariates?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, March 28, 2009 - 10:48 am
You do not use ON to do this. You allow the means or thresholds of the distal outcome to vary across classes. They are included in the USEVARIABLES statement. See Example 8.6.
Katherine Fiori
posted on Tuesday, March 31, 2009 - 1:57 pm
Thanks, Linda.
I am looking at Exampl 8.6 however, and it is referring to "GMM with a categorical distal outcome using automatic starting values and random starts" - but my distal outcome is CONTINUOUS (e.g., depression). It is my predictor (class) that is categorical. Am I looking at the wrong example??
Katherine Fiori
posted on Tuesday, March 31, 2009 - 1:58 pm
Also - I don't have a growth mixture model. My classes are based on variables all from Time 1, and I am trying to predict a continuous Time 2 outcome.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, March 31, 2009 - 3:28 pm
It does not matter whether the distal outcome is continuous or categorical or what the model is. The distal outcome is connected with the categorical latent variable. For a continuous distal outcome, the means vary over classes. For a categorical distal outcome, the thresholds vary across classes.
Anjali Gupta
posted on Saturday, October 17, 2009 - 10:22 am
I'm attempting a similar model. I've decided on a 3 class model and would now like to use class membership to predict to a distal predictor (depression); and also use depression to predict to class.
However, I do not want depression to be involved with determining class membership. Is this possible? And is there an example of such a model?
It's critical that class membership is not based on depression.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, October 17, 2009 - 1:01 pm
In your first paragraph you mention depression twice: as a DV and as an IV. I assume you mean depression measured at T1 and T2 - otherwise you need to clarify.
I hear this question often - you have a distal outcome that you want to predict from latent class membership but you don't want the distal to influence your classes. It is interesting that this question never seems to come up in SEM when the latent class variable is replaced by a factor - the factor is also determined in part by the distal. My feeling is that the problem should be re-conceptualized - the distal should influence the latent class membership in a first model step. Then, using this model, in a second step a new sample can be considered for which you classify people into the classes not using the distal information, fixing the parameters at the values from the first step.
True, you can do the analysis without the distal in the first step and then do the second step. But that first step would not draw on the strength that the latent classes are informed by their relationship to the distal - if you think the distal has different means/probabilities for different classes, why not use that information in forming the classes. Also, you would not have an estimate of how the classes influence the distal.
Anjali Gupta
posted on Saturday, October 17, 2009 - 2:57 pm
Thank you. Yes, there are 2 depression time points, sorry.
I'm new to SEM/MPLUS and haven't used factors/latent variables.
However - my motivation to separate the two (distal and class) is my desire to see if the latent class (comprised of economic variables) is related to depression. I don't wish to confound the classes by including depression as an indicator. I'd like to see if people 'more' successful economically have a different relation as to depression compared to people less successful economically.
And when you suggest using different samples - I'm unclear if you mean an entirely different set of records (people). I only have my main sample of 632 persons.
If at all possible, could you further explain the steps required for both of your suggestions?
Thank you.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Sunday, October 18, 2009 - 12:52 pm
You can do LCA on the economic variables only and then (1) fix all those parameters when adding the distal, or (2) get the most likely class membership (if the entropy is big) and let that be an observed variable that predicts the distal. That's one line of thinking.
The other line is saying that you can get the economics latent classes more pertinent to predicting depression if you include the depression distal in the modeling. You can for example split your sample and estimate that full model in the first step and then in the second step use the other half of the sample and use the econ items only to form latent classes with parameters fixed at the values from the first run - and see how that latent class membership relates to depression. We teach about similar approaches in "Topic 6" of our short courses - see videos and handouts on our web site.
Amir Sariaslan
posted on Sunday, October 18, 2009 - 1:45 pm
Professor Muth�n,
Reading your very helpful comments above brought a question to my mind. In a standard LCA with ordered categorical outcomes, would one only need to fix the thresholds prior to adding the distal outcomes (and other covariates)?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Sunday, October 18, 2009 - 2:34 pm
Thresholds and also class probabilities, i.e. [c#].
Anjali Gupta
posted on Monday, October 19, 2009 - 10:16 am
Thank you. Where might I read a most basic explanation of how to fix parameters after getting LCA results?
I have found some information on growth models with fixed parameters - but I would appreciate a more simple example as I'm not familar with growth curve modeling.
Anjali Gupta
posted on Tuesday, October 20, 2009 - 11:02 am
If at all possible, I'd appreciate some starting steps to accomplish your suggestions above of:
"You can do LCA on the economic variables only and then (1) fix all those parameters when adding the distal, or (2) get the most likely class membership (if the entropy is big) and let that be an observed variable that predicts the distal."
From the follow up emails I understand I need to fix both thresholds and probabilities - and, unfortunately, haven't found an example I understand.
I 'think' the section of Topic 6 that is related starts on page 142 - but I unclear how to translate the results of my LCA into the 2nd step wiith the distal.
Thank you,
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 20, 2009 - 4:08 pm
It is a little hard to teach this topic in a short Mplus Discussion format - better to come to our short courses or watch their movies (the Topic 5 mixture movie will shortly be available from our recent Berlin teaching). But let me say a few things:
For the simplest approach (2) above, you get the most likely class membership by requesting cprob in the Save option of the Savedata command - see p. 649 of our UG.
To fix parameters, see UG ex 7.5 where instead of * you use @. The ex shows the item parameters - you also have to add the class prob-related parameters, for example
for a 3-class solution.
Jinseok Kim
posted on Wednesday, October 21, 2009 - 4:46 am
Hi Bengt
I am conducting LCA with a number of binary class indicators and a continuous distal outcome variable. I've got thresholds for class indicators and means and SE for the distal outcome variable for each class. My question is now whether there is any way to test whether the estimated means of the distal outcome variables differ across the classes.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, October 21, 2009 - 6:22 am
You can use MODEL TEST or do loglikelihood difference testing where -2 times the loglikelihood difference is distributed as chi-square.
Anjali Gupta
posted on Thursday, October 29, 2009 - 1:49 pm
Your previous responses have been most helpful. I've since used 'hard coded' class membership in regressions with distal predictors per the suggestion:
"(2) get the most likely class membership (if the entropy is big) and let that be an observed variable that predicts the distal."
I have 2 follow up questions:
I've learned how to interpret resulting using (using 2 of 3 classes) classes as Dependent variables. Could class be a Independent variable predicting a distal 'outcome'? And how would that be interpreted? Would I use Class as a nominal variable - or test an excluded class by including the 2 remaining classes as independent variables?
Second - I can't get my head around the choice between (1) using covariates in class creation - versus (2) creating classes without covariates and including covariates when finding the relations between class membership and distal predictors. I understand this may be an issue specific to the research questions - but any insight would be helpful.
Thank you
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, October 29, 2009 - 2:33 pm
Class predicting a distal outcome is seen as the change in the means or thresholds of the distal outcome across classes. There is no ON statement involved.
If classes change when you add covariates, it means that there is some model misspecification, for example, the need for direct effects between the covariates and the latent class indicators.
Andrew Forbes
posted on Wednesday, January 20, 2010 - 7:42 pm
I have a question similar to those in this thread but a little more elaborate. I want to use latent classes formed from variables X1-X8 as "baseline" covariates in a growth model of Y1-Y4, ie growth of Y over 4 time points.
1) The "baseline" latent classes are formed from the baseline variables X1-X8 only.
2) All individuals are followed up post-baseline with repeated measurements of Y: Y1-Y4.
I would like to fit a growth model for Y for each individual allowing the intercepts and slopes to depend on the latent classes formed from (1).
I would like uncertainty in class formation to be taken into account when when doing the growth model regression, but I definitely do *not* want the Y's to be used in the formation of the latent classes. In my specific example it makes no sense to have class formation using future measurements. (eg classes are "baseline" only)
Can this be modelled in MPlus? If so, where should I look for such examples?
At worst case I guess I could fix each individual's class and do the second stage regression as if these were fixed in advance, and then try to concoct a post-hoc misclassification correction of the effects of each class based on the posterior class probabilities for each individual. I haven't seen this done but I suspect it may have been. Any pointers would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, January 21, 2010 - 10:14 am
This is a complex topic. In one sense the Y's should contribute to the classes for X1-X8 because the Y's are correlated with the X classes so why not use all the information pertaining to the X classes?
One approach that might help is to add a latent class variable for the Y's, so having two latent class variables. And then let those two be related.
Another approach is to impute m data sets for the X class variable (most likely class) using only X1-X8 information. And then do the analyses m times relating X class to the Y's.
I think some object to using both X and Y information in forming the X classes because they want to use the X classes for prediction of Y in later stages where only X information is available. If that's the case, I would conjecture that you get a better prediction model when the X classes have been formed based on both X and Y.
maarten van zalk
posted on Sunday, April 17, 2011 - 2:31 am
Dear Bengt and Linda Muthen,
I have read the above discussion and have a follow up question about fixing class probabilities. I choose the option of estimating latent classes in one half of the sample (i.e. social support at one measurement of friends and parents), then using the other half of the sample to fix the class solution and use this latent class variable to predict a distal outcome (a latent growth curve of social anxiety).
you state that: "To fix parameters, see UG ex 7.5 where instead of * you use @. The ex shows the item parameters - you also have to add the class prob-related parameters, for example
for a 3-class solution."
What do x and y stand for, exactly? I understand from example 7.5 that I would need to fix the estiamted means and variance for each of the latent classes; but from your response I need to additionally (!) fix the class probabilities. Is that where x and y stand for? How do I calculate/get these?
Thanks so much for your help!
Maarten van Zalk
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Sunday, April 17, 2011 - 2:13 pm
These are the logit values for the intercepts of the categorical latent variable.
Hyunzee Jung
posted on Tuesday, September 02, 2014 - 2:56 pm
My 4-class latent variable has behaved in a stable manner throughout a series of LCA with covariates. However, when distal outcome variables were introduced, the latent classes changed. I used both DU3STEP (DE3STEP) and DCON. Any insights or inputs to give me some guidance forward will be very much appreciated.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, September 02, 2014 - 3:11 pm
DCON should not change the classes. You may want to send to support with your license number.
Hyunzee Jung
posted on Tuesday, September 02, 2014 - 4:30 pm
Thanks so much, Bengt. One additional question is whether it makes sense to split my model into two-step process. I have covariates (including a predictor treated as IV), a focal latent class variable, and continuous distal outcome variables. I analyzed the model of covariates and the latent class using the one-step approach. A single run took so much time (over 5-6 hours). Assuming the latent classes are generated in a stable manner throughout in any situations, I wonder if I can do the analyses, first on covariates to latent class and second on latent class to distal outcome, by separate runs. This is a broad, general question, but if you could give me any advice you can give, I'd very much appreciate it!
Thank you again.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, September 02, 2014 - 6:18 pm
You should be able to do it in steps using DCON. But I don't see why the run would take so long; perhaps you want to send output and data to support along with your license number.
Hyunzee Jung
posted on Tuesday, September 02, 2014 - 8:06 pm
Thank you again, Bengt. I will send my data and output. Apart from that, would it generally make sense for an analyst to perform analyses in two steps for him- or herself as described above?
Hyunzee Jung
posted on Wednesday, September 03, 2014 - 12:11 am
To give you more information, my IV is a factor (3 indicators) predicting latent classes- also have 4 covariates). Further, I am estimating moderating effect of gender. I used �intx | male XWITH f1� and regressed the latent class on �intx� along with other covariates.
Q1. The reason that I asked about separate runs for the front (IV, intx, and covariates to Latent class) and the latter (Latent classes to continuous distal outcomes) is because interaction variables for TYPE=MIXTURE are available only if ALGORITHM=INTEGRATION is specified in the ANALYSIS command, however, auxiliary variables with DCON are not available with TYPE=MIXTURE in conjunction with ALGORITHM=INTEGRATION. It seems that my front part of the model and the back part are not compatible each other. My question is, "does it make sense or is it a fine choice to go through two separate runs?"
Q2. I am planning to introduce gender as a moderator in the back part of my model as well. Effect of the latent classes on my distal outcomes are hypothesized to differ across gender. Then, interaction variables for TYPE=MIXTURE should come in and ALGORITHM=INTEGRATION should also be specified, which can't be done with DCON. What options would I have to estimate an interaction effect in this latter path?
I am posting this because this seems like a more general question than specific to a certain dataset. Thanks so much again!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, September 03, 2014 - 5:46 pm
Q1. A "manual" approach (as defined in our paper) is fine as long as the class formation doesn't change.
Q2. In a manual approach you can use alg=int.
Dr. Kashdan's Lab
posted on Friday, August 04, 2017 - 7:34 am
Hi Muthens,
I have read all of the posts in this thread - very helpful. I have a 3-profile latent categorical variable created from 4 continuous IVs at time 1. To predict by DV at time 2, I have used the strategy of fixing the LPA parameters to their measurement model solution and then adding in the DV at time 2 as an additional "indicator" of the latent categorical variable. I then used the Wald test to determine if the DV at time 2 means were significantly different across the 3 latent profiles.
A reviewer requested I control for the DV at time 1 in my analysis. I am not sure how to go about doing this in Mplus. Would I 1) include the regression of DV at time 2 ON DV at time 1 within every profile? and 2) then test for significantly different DV at time 2 intercepts across profiles? Here is the (abbreviated) syntax associated with my guess, which runs in Mplus; however, I am not sure if the Wald test is answering the reviewer's research question.
DV2 on DV1;
DV2 on DV1;
[DV2] (m1);
DV2 on DV1;
[DV2] (m2);
DV2 on DV1;
[DV2] (m3);
0 = m1 - m2;
0 = m1 - m3;
Would greatly appreciate any guidance you can give for how to control for the DV at time 1 in Mplus.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, August 04, 2017 - 2:25 pm
Have a look at our Mplus Web Note 21 and its Section 3.2.
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text:
Fluxconcert Performance
The End of The Art World, Again
Art galleries are closing down. Well, perhaps not enough of them. And, let's face it, museums are dull. As an exercise in nostalgia, we now have O'Keeffe, Kandinsky, and are looking forward to Man Ray, and (in Philadelphia) Gorky. But only Man Ray at the Jewish Museum promises revelations — concerning his hidden identity. Wait a minute, we all knew he was Jewish, didn't we?
Oh, we are on to those museums, peddling proven pleasers. And then the new penny-saving trick is to offer fake exhibitions of single artworks or stuff from storage. The public is not fooled. In fact, if this is all museums can come up with, why offer special exhibitions at all? You know why: catalogs, posters, pencils, notebooks and other themed items might bring in some cash to our over-extended, cash-hungry institutions, now abandoned by those who once coveted the tax benefits of charitable donations.
Yet again, the art world has had its day and is withering away, right before our eyes.
So everyone is anxiously awaiting the success of The Bruce High Quality Foundation University. The apparently all-male Foundation is an anonymous collective founded to honor the fictional, dead artist Bruce High Quality. The Foundation's art world zombie movie (Isle of the Dead) was a summer hit on Governors Island, as was its art-education slide lecture last July, called Explaining Pictures to a Dead Bull, which refers to the classic Joseph Beuys 1965 performance How To Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare.
The awful truth is that although an MFA seems to be required for artists showing at the New Museum and other once avant-garde venues, very few art majors graduate to self-sustaining art careers or, in fact, teaching gigs; actually, they never have. The numbers don't add up. Just compare the number of artists who make their livings from their art and/or the number of available teaching jobs to the number of MFAs, year after year. Well, dear art students, the odds are against you. And unless you duped your parents into funding your whole adventure, what you will reap is not art-world stardom, but debts beyond belief. That is why when one now eats out in New York, the waitperson is likely to have an MFA. Critics and curators have long known that they must watch what they say in restaurants. Loose lips sink art-world ships.
Otherwise on the mark, The Bruce does not point out that most art critics now depend upon the largesse of academia to survive. Not everyone can achieve a staff position at the New York Times, has a private income, or is amoral enough to function as a private art dealer. This is why art critics are silent about the MFA scam. Most of them teach and cannot afford to give away the show.
What then should be the function of art education? What are the proper goals? What should be taught?
Classes at The Bruce High Quality University:
* * *
Fluxus Redux
Given the current art-market flux and the loss of faith, an art movement that was anti-object, cross-media, anti-establishment, and didn't have anything to sell — a generation before Conceptual Art, which, after, all did manage to sell out — is going to be instructive. When the auction houses lose half their sales, panic ensues, and dangerously insouciant, aggressively idealistic art looms.
But no, the '60s will not return. The Republicans, as long as they have a shred of power, will never allow that to happen. And the Democrats, because they are insanely committed to bipartisanship even when they have a majority, will always placate the Elephants as well as Elephants in Donkey drag.
The point is that you do not need a top-heavy, investment-driven art market for art to thrive.
With the exception of works by the truly original George Brecht, Fluxus was pretty much an outgrowth and a minimalization of Happenings and/or a music phenomenon. The latter has not been owned up to by music historians, who somehow have always preferred the charming Ned Rorem to John Cage, that total Zen Buddhist maniac.
Since many Fluxus practitioners came from music backgrounds and/or were influenced by Cage, it is not surprising that the koan-like instructions for those lean, mostly solo performances are referred to as "scores."
Some important artists and/or composers sometimes associated with Fluxus: Joseph Beuys, Nam June Paik, LaMonte Young, Yoko Ono.
Joseph Beuys John Cage LaMonte Young
Yoko Ono
* * *
Fluxus Among Us
Item: MoMA Accepts Gigantic Fluxus Collection,
The Museum of Modern Art in New York recently accepted a gift of over 3,000 scores and other Fluxus items from collectors Gilbert and Lila Silverman. Insiders await the decisions that will determine which little slips of paper, which words, which sentences, which blurry photos and disintegrating films will be part of the permanent collection and which will be stored in the archive. But never fear. According to the MoMA Press Release, the Silvermans' curator, Jon Hendricks, will work with MoMA staff "to integrate the Fluxus collections with the Museum's holdings."
* * *
Lana Z. Caplan: Painting to Hammer a Nail, 2006.
Series of photographs based on Yoko Ono instruction pieces..
Item: Seattle Museum Artist/Guard Fired for Interpreting Yoko Ono Artwork.
Yoko Ono's Painting to Hammer Nail includes the instruction to "pound a nail into the painting." On display as part of "Target Practice: Painting Under Attack 1949-1978" at the Seattle Museum of Art, visitors complied, nailing announcements to the wall. Guard/artist Amanda Mae decided to add her own interpretation — removing and cataloguing the various announcements — and was fired for her efforts. Read the gruesome and surprising details on Artnet. Curator of Yoko Ono Exhibitions, Jon Hendricks (!), according to Artnet, wrote to Mae, urging her to have "greater respect for the artist … you have to consider art in a much deeper, more profound sense than you do."
* * *
Perry Garvin: Floor Covering
Item: Director of Fluxconcert Goes Out on a Limb.
Fluxconcert, an Instruction-Based Performance Ensemble, presents programs of re-creations of historical Fluxus pieces and newly created Neo-Fluxian instruction-works. You can access to YouTube snippets and full-length programs on Vimeo on the informative Fluxconcert website.
Last Friday, artistic director of Fluxconcert Perry Garvin and two other young men — all wearing disposable white coveralls and shoe-protectors — performed one of Garvin's Floor Coverings. At Fluxconcert concerts, the "scores" are often readily available, as this was here. A sign read: "Cover the floor of a room in blue painter's tape."
The piece was performed in an empty gallery at the 111 High Street building in DUMBO. during Friday's monthly art crawl.
For non-New Yorkers and those outside the art-world loop, Down Under Manhattan Bridge Overpass is a swanky real estate development on the Brooklyn shoreline that features spectacular views of Manhattan and the Brooklyn as well as the Manhattan Bridge. Here, owners of fancy condos are served by design stores and high-end food purveyors. There are empty bars galore; inhabitants, wearing proper outfits, prefer to jog after work rather than drink. This tiny "neighborhood," however, has not yet discovered noodles. In Manhattan's East Village, noodles are the new pizza. In DUMBO., pizza is the new pizza.
You could watch Garvin and his two-man crew neatly laying blue painter's-tape on the floor by looking through the hallway window or stepping inside for a better view. The presentation was elegant indeed.
Even more uplifting was what Garvin decided to do when, after an hour, he used up all the blue tape. He ran out, but the local paint store, curiously enough, did not carry blue tape. On the spot, Garvin reinterpreted his own score by deciding that "covering the floor" did not mean that he had to end up with a totally taped floor. Instead, the performers began to peel off the already laid-down tape and applied it, piece-by-piece, to the previously untouched sectors. Later, Garvin confessed that he had "seriously misjudged the amount of tape we would need."
Here I need to add that there were two other excellent performances nearby.
1. Kata Mejia at the Randall Scott Gallery performed Castigo — "a performance-installation in which a space is created that allows for the artist to express her
anger and symbolically punish the criminals who three years ago in Colombia kidnapped and killed her brother." At intervals, the artist belt-whipped a targetlike wall piece for 30 minutes at a time, shouting with each stroke, leaving a decimated emblem.
2. In another 111 High Street gallery, Illegal Art handed out sharpened pencils to visitors, who were instructed to make continuous lines across all the gallery walls. Founded in 2001, Illegal Art is "a collaborative of artists whose goal is to create interactive public art to inspire self-reflection, thought and human connection. Each piece is then presented or distributed in a method in which
participation is simple and
* * *
* * *
Pierog's The Boiler, Brooklyn
Item: Fluxfest Waves the Fluxist Flag
Fluxfest at Pierogi's The Boiler (on Sept. 11, with not a mention of 9/11) had the genuine Fluxus offhandedness and the historically correct disregard for ceremony or performance-niceties such as a printed program. The latter would have allowed the patient audience — outnumbered by the performers, as is also traditionally Fluxian — to ascertain authorship, date of creation, and performer.
Thus, 13 or so friendly Fluxians from here and abroad, most of whom had not met before, presented an hour-and-a-half of Fluxus pieces, old and new. For the record, they were listed in WAGMAG, the Brooklyn Art Guide (which I had picked up at 111 High Street) in anti-alphabetical order: Allan Revich, Reid Wood, Mark Bloch, Christine Tarantino, Carol Starr, Reed Altemus, Tamara Wyndham, Don E. Boyd, Melissa McCarthy, Keith A. Buchholz, Bibiana Padilla Maltos, Bradstifter, Mary Campbell, Pronoblem and more!!
Balloons were inflated, water poured from one plastic cup into another in a circle of plastic cups, jellybeans dispersed, toy instruments given out — as were miniature versions of U.S. tender. Various classic Dada texts were read, including a poem by Louis Aragon called Suicide, which consisted of reciting the alphabet. (It is one of my all-time favorites.) But in another rather anti-Fluxian demonstration, a woman asked if anyone could love her as much as she loved herself. Obviously not. So shopping bag in hand, she stormed out, never to return.
The best was saved for last. The interlocutor, one of five participants wearing black hats, tacked a piece of paper on the wall behind him, then left. Other Fluxians got up, read what was on the piece of paper, and also left. Then members of the audience, myself included, did likewise. I copied what was on the piece of paper: "Word Event/Exit/ George Brecht, 1961."
* * *
Questions raised by the reenactment of historical performance art — as in Fluxconcerts and pertaining to half the pieces in Fluxfest — are challenging. In Artopia, we subscribe to the ancient principle promulgated by our favorite Greek philosopher, Heraclitus: "No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it's not the same river, and he is not the same man." I think this dictum also applies to women.
Last year in Colorado, I recreated my 1971 Whitney Museum performance called Critical Mass. This time, I did not make the large black "A" myself, as I had originally; the Laboratory for Art and Ideas (where Critical Mass 2008 was performed) saw to that, saving a lot of money on shipping and insurance. Also, I let the Lab staff choose the 25 remaining objects, one for each letter of the alphabet. As in 1971, I sat on the floor and tied all the objects to myself using black string, crawling off the performance space with the objects trailing behind me in a jumble.
But: The performance space was not the fourth floor of the Whitney. The Colorado audience stood around with their wine glasses, whereas originally an audience of 200 or so sat on bleachers. Critical Mass 2008 took all of 20 minutes — then was reduced to less than five minutes for YouTube. Critical Mass 1971 took over an hour and had a sound component, now lost.
But: The performance space was not the fourth floor of the Whitney. The Colorado audience stood around with their wine glasses, whereas originally an audience of 200 or so sat on bleachers. Critical Mass 2008 took all of 20 minutes — then was reduced to less than five minutes for YouTube. Critical Mass 1971 took over an hour and had a sound component, now lost.
The artist in 2008 has short hair and a nicely groomed beard and wears a Brooks Brothers suit. Is Critical Mass 2008 a new piece? For the same survey exhibition — In Plain Sight: Streetworks and Performances, 1968-1971 — did moving the hot- dog stand of Hannah Weiner's Wieners from outside to inside make it a new work too?
What we must decide is whether reenactments are inevitably something new because their social, cultural, and artistic contexts are different. And, if performed by the artist, we have to remember that he or she is different, too.
Is Bach always Bach, no matter when or where or played by whom? In Artopia, we prefer period instruments and historical performance-practice. But does something similar apply to performance art? What would happen if I decided to act out a piece called How To Explain Art to a Dead Elephant?
Then there is the question of interpretation of instructions. Ancient but still surviving Fluxians, I am told, have become quite academic. They do not look kindly upon loose improvisations or contextual shifts, whereas by their very brevity, Fluxus scores are often ambiguous or — the term I prefer — "open."
Soon we will see a restaging of Allan Kaprow's famous 1961 Yard tire piece at the new Hauser and Wirth Gallery (opening Sept. 24). Yard is bound to be much more precious and artistic than it was the first time around. I hope the tires used will be vintage 1961. Also, "re-inventions" of Yard will be proffered by William Pope.L., Marion Hayes, and Josiah McElheny.
When Japanese ceramists centuries ago tried to recreate a certain kind of expensive, very flashy Korean folk pottery, they created something all their own, now thought of as quintessentially Japanese. Keep in mind that when an elite group of late-16th century Florentine aesthetes who called themselves the Camerata thought they were recreating Greek theater — which was, yes, sung — they accidentally created what we now call opera.
Surely, whether it is Dada, Fluxus or Conceptual, anti-object art is irritatingly perennial. Art, in any case, is an unbearable paradox since it is material and yet cosmic — vestment and in vesture, too easily turned into investment.
Artopia hopes that Neo-Fluxus does not usher in just another turn of the wheel, wherein art rebels become blue-chip stars, forever producing meaningless commodities for the art racket. To become an art success, scandal is the first step, again and again. Rumor has it that The Bruce High Quality Foundation is already being offered a museum retrospective.
One reason the art world is still mostly for males is that it all runs on Oedipal steam. Killing Daddy results in new Daddies. The art world is still more Freudian than Jungian and denies Electra. How can we break the cycle?
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Forced conversion
Data available from (january 01, 2004 till )
Filter result and generate report.
1. These statistics are based on monitoring of 15 newspapers / news websites (Urdu & English) and reports from HRCP volunteers from across Pakistan.
2. The actual incidents / figures might be higher but these are the cases that have been reported in the media or by rights activists.
3. As reporting improves, we might be able to give batter breakdown.


text:
Rudy Gadre admits it. He's a Seattle "homer." And that deep hometown pride might be a very good thing for the region's emerging startup scene.
Gadre is fast becoming one of Seattle's most important angel investors, bankrolling more than a dozen startups in the past two years. The former Facebook general counsel and Amazon.com VP doesn't look the part of an angel, at least not when he showed up in a purple Polo pullover and khaki shorts at our offices on a cold December day.
But make no mistake. Gadre is hot on the trail of some of Seattle's top startups, backing early-stage companies like Yabbly, 9Slides, WalkScore, Jobaline and others in recent months. Because of that investment pace, I wanted to meet Gadre to find out what makes him tick.
Born and raised in north Seattle, Gadre attended Seattle Country Day School and University Prep before heading east to Franklin & Marshall College in Pennsylvania. He returned to the Seattle area, earning his law degree from the University of Washington in 1994. He worked for a few years at Perkins Coie, before Amazon.com recruited him in 1999 at the peak of the dot-com boom. He remained at Amazon for six years where he served as Vice President and Associate General Counsel for Business Development, New Technologies and Intellectual Property. He left that job for Facebook in 2006, a move that boosted his net worth considerably, before returning to Seattle in 2008 to work for Paul Allen-backed startup Evri.
Now, it's all angel investing, all of the time.
"I love it because it gives me a chance to stay involved in what's going on in technology, and hopefully help Seattle and make some more big successes," said Gadre.
We caught up with Gadre during a recent chat at GeekWire's office. Here's more from the discussion:
On how he got into angel investing: "I started to get some calls from people as I was just sitting on my couch who heard I had some money and wondered if I would invest in their company. I wanted to stay in the tech business, so why not. So, I made a couple angel investments from the couch, basically, with no real thought behind it. And then it all came together for me."
On his love of Seattle: "I am a big Seattle homer. I was born here. I want Seattle to thrive. I want it to be a big success, and everything it can be or should be, really given the amount of money and talent that is in this town. So, I started to think to myself: 'What can I do that is rewarding for me, and hopefully will be financially rewarding as well as emotionally rewarding. I love to see all of the new ideas that are out there, and meet entrepreneurs, and see all the exciting things that are happening around town. And it occurred to me that I have a background at Amazon and Facebook and I know people, and maybe angel investing, maybe not as a profession, but as a serious endeavor would be up my alley…. And from there it just snowballed."
On whether his legal background helps him as an angel: "It doesn't hurt. I am not intimidated by deals as such. I am familiar with what all of the terms mean, and the levers you can pull and the various pressure points. But there is a lot more involved in making an angel investment decision than just what the terms of the deal are. It is helpful, but I think it is more important to have an open mind, and be curious, and keep abreast of the developments in the technology world."
On what he looks for in entrepreneurs: "The Seattle market is very conservative compared to what I experienced down in the Bay Area. Not as much the entrepreneurs, as the investors. That, actually, from my standpoint is OK. Because, from my standpoint, I am not an overly conservative investor by nature. In keeping in my philanthropic goal to see Seattle thrive, you know it has been 18 years since Amazon was founded. I think Seattle needs big wins. They inspire people, and they create new generations of entrepreneurs. One Amazon makes up for like 50 sort of App-of-the-Week kind of companies. I like to invest in entrepreneurs who have big ideas. Big vision companies…. Of course, that comes with corresponding data that the vast majority of the people will not end up making something that is truly huge. But, from my standpoint, I am doing it partly because I want to see something in Seattle succeed. If I make money, that's good. I want to make money. But, if I lose money, I can live with that. I am not sort of betting the ranch. So, what I look for in an entrepreneur, I want someone who is smart. I want someone who is talented, but in particular, I want someone who has a big vision. I'd like to see a vision of something that's bigger than "Oh, we are going to sell it for $50 million in two years kind of thing.' I try to gravitate towards investments … that have a big potential opportunity to make an impact."
On why Seattle angels are typically more conservative: "I think a lot of people were burned by the dot-com crash, and then also, more recently, the financial crisis. I think that Seattle comes larger from an enterprise background, and the previous generation of angels were from Microsoft. And consumer Internet stuff, which tends to be huge or crater, is not as much in the traditional Seattle mold. Because people made money in the early parts of the dot-com years, then there was the crash, and then there was a long gap. Whereas, in Silicon Valley, you had some of the PayPals and that sort of thing in that dead zone, we didn't really have that same level of activity. And, as people get older, they just naturally get more conservative. You are not going to find people who are out there trying to change the world as much as you get into the older demographics, and now money in Seattle is just older. Let's just face it, it sort of is."
On whether things are getting better in Seattle: "I think we are starting to see more risk taking in Seattle…. I am hopeful that Seattle will start to loosen up the purse strings a little bit. It is just frustrating as hell. InternMatch is a company I invested in, and they were founded up here, but moved to Valley because they couldn't get funded. Box founded up here, but couldn't get funded. These are things that should be huge Seattle success stories, but they've gone down to the Bay Area for lack of capital typically."
On how you could reduce the Seattle migration to the Valley: "I think we need a few big wins. We need companies that are given billion dollar valuations in the marketplace. And that shows people that it can be done here. It gives entrepreneurs an idea to leave Microsoft or an Amazon where they might be comfortable, and take a chance on something. And it gives capital a reason to say: 'Hey, it can be done in Seattle.' We are seeing a few of those, with Zulily and what not. But big obvious wins in terms of valuations would be pretty helpful."
On how he sources deals: "It is pretty good actually. It is not like Silicon Valley. But I see two or three deals per week at this point, and I don't even typically attend the Alliance of Angels and didn't attend the TechStars Demo Day, and stuff like that. It is just from people I know, and people in my network. For me, deal flow has not been an issue at all. We have a pretty good little community going here, and if we can find a few winners to be torch bearers for the community, I think it can really catch fire."
On raising the profile of Seattle: "We are not good at promoting ourselves here. I was just talking to a friend and he was saying why not get startups to put a "Made in Seattle" button on their Web site. Why not? And start creating a brand for the city, and I thought that was a pretty good idea. For me personally, I want to do whatever I can to improve the tech ecosystem here. I am not a publicity seeker, but I want to do whatever I can, and if that means getting out in front of people (I'll do that)."
On the future of Amazon: "Jeff Bezos is just a fountain of ideas. But he's not like an idea man. He's got deep insights and the ability to execute. It is pretty amazing, and when I was at Amazon, I was not a direct report of Jeff's, but I worked with him enough to get a sense of how he works. And I just gave up questioning. I was like: He just sees things that I don't see, and you just roll with it…. It is pretty amazing what they are doing, and I am glad they've decided to keep it in Seattle…. It is an amazing platform that they have buit. It is very flexible, and there's obviously a lot of great talent at the company and hiring standards are still very high. As long as Jeff is at the helm, they are going to continue to surprise, because they are thinking many steps ahead of certainly the way I would think."
Do you think an entrepreneurial wave can come out of Amazon that can impact this community? "I think we missed the boat to some extent. The dot-com crash sort of derailed the people who would have been the (angels and entrepreneurs). At Microsoft, with Rich Barton and Rob Glaser, you got some people who came out of the earlier days. But now anyone who is at Amazon or Microsoft is there presumably because they like being in a big company. And so the people who would have left Amazon to found those things, their opportunity was sort of derailed by the dot-com crash because of the time they would have been leaving Amazon to found new companies, there wasn't funding available … and then by the time the thing recovered, that early-generation of people who were pioneering at Amazon probably missed the window to some extent. They have family responsibilities. That's my working theory. You've seen a few people out there … but it wasn't as much as it should have been…. My hope is that Ari (Steinberg) and people at Facebook will go do things…. And whether it is Google or firms that came up from the Bay Area, I am hoping that people will march out of those places and start founding companies up here."


text:
I don't know if anyone looks here, but I thought putting it in the clothing forum would be off topic. There a couple things I would like to see on this site. I don't know who to send suggestions to. There's probably a strong chance that no one cares what I think, and I'm aware of this.
With that being said....
To Whom It May Concern:
I'd like to see the option of adding a signature to your posts. This is the only forum that I personally use that does not give you that option. I would also like to see a thumbs up, similar to what styleforum uses.


text: Spinelli will be on Fox Car Report today at 2:00p EST, talking Geneva Motor Show stuff and other car topics worthy of mention in the "strategy room." Automotive strategery perhaps?UPDATE: Mike just called to say he's not going to make it, but you should watch anyways. [Fox Car Report Live]


text:
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"Shadow Boxing", 40 x 30cm, oil on canvas
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|Date of Build
|Port of Regestry
|Oil Carrier
|Dec 16 2008 12:00AM
|Republic of Marshall Islands
|IMO Number
|Official Number
|Call Sign
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|Net tonnage
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EVERGLADES Owner, Manager, Shipyard
Weather Block & Poly-Steel Shelters
Temporary and Portable Buildings
Maritime News
McAllister Takes Delivery of New Tug Eileen McAllister
McAllister Towing announced Tuesday it has taken delivery of a newly built 6,770-horsepower shipdocking tug, Eileen McAllister, slated to enter service in Port Everglades, Fla.The 34th tractor tug in McAllister's fleet, Eileen McAllister was built by Washburn & Doughty in Maine and set sail for its new home port following delivery on Monday.The 93- by 38-foot newbuild is powered by 3516E Tier IV Caterpillar engines with twin Schottel SRP 490 Z-drive units and Markey winches, achieving more than 84 metric tons during ABS bollard pull certification. Eileen will soon join sister vessel, Tate McAllister, as the most powerful tug in the Fort Lauderdale, Fla. seaport.
Shipping Industry Urges Free Movement of Crews to Keep Trade Moving
Ships must be allowed to change over overworked and exhausted crews to help to keep trade flowing as coronavirus lockdowns shut many transit points across the globe, shipping industry officials said on Tuesday.About 90% of world trade is transported by sea but a deepening lockdown in many countries and suspended air travel have disrupted supply chains, especially for ship owners who rely on the free movement of crews to keep ships moving.The International Chamber of Shipping association (ICS), and the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF), said in a letter to the Group of 20 major economies, that there were 1.
As Oil Crisis Deepens, Hedge Funds Sense a Turnaround
Hedge fund managers sensed oil prices were nearing a turning point last week, and for the first time in more than two months started to add long positions in anticipation prices would bounce from an unsustainable low.Overall, hedge funds and other money managers were still net sellers of 19 million barrels of petroleum in the six most important futures and options contracts in the week ending on March 31.But they initiated 40 million barrels of new purchases as well as 59 million barrels of fresh sales, according to position records published by ICE Futures Europe and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
COVID-19 Impacts on Demurrage and Detention
What might not be so obvious in this COVID-19 environment, which we have grown to associate with shortages, is that counterintuitively there are issues beginning to appear dealing with the opposite situation. The Journal of Commerce has reported that "[t]he container shipping industry is marshaling a response to signs of a building import backlog as some retailers and manufacturers fail to pick up containers because warehouses are full or closed due to not being deemed essential service providers responding to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
VTT Studying Bio- and Waste-based Oils for Ships
Researchers looking for an ecologically and economically sustainable way to replace fossil fuels are exploring how suitable fuel oils made from biomass and waste plastics are for power plants and ship diesel engines.Internal-combustion engine power plants use natural gas or heavy fuel oil in diesel engines. In order for large diesel engines to be environmentally sustainable both on land and at sea, it is necessary to find bio- and waste-based alternatives to fossil fuels. These will be identified and evaluated in the three-year BioFlex project coordinated by Finland's VTT.


text:
Hellheart wrote:Still, if Necklessone was the Hunter and we nailed one of the wolves we were guaranteed to, at worst, have a confirmed human in the final 3.
That wasn't the worst case scenario.
The worst case scenario would have been having a Confirmed Human in the Final 3-- but a Wolf as Sheriff, thereby making the Final 3 vote moot.
Preventing a Wolf from becoming Sheriff is the main reason I in general favored the Hunter counter-claiming immediately.
Except, of course, when the Hunter's already the Sheriff ...


text:
CHE on the author of ROMANCE IN THE IVORY TOWER
The 8/17 issue of the Chronicle of Higher Education has an article by Robin Wilson on a new book by Paul R. Abramson, THE RIGHT TO ROMANCE IN THE IVORY TOWER; THE RIGHTS AND LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE. The book will be published in the Fall. It is a rare book or essay these days that recognizes any rights regarding student-faculty association. It merits serious attention. When I saw that Robin Wilson was doing the article/review I doubted that such serious attention was forthcoming. She generally does a hatchet job on anyone moving toward a rights perspective on this issue. In any case, most of the article deals with a transcript (I assume edited transcript) of the interview. I will present excerpts of the interview with my response; one needs a password to read the article—-
Q. Have you ever dated a student?
A. "I was 26 when I came to UCLA. I dated students, I dated faculty, I dated staff. I can't remember if I dated students who were in a class of mine. … Psychology classes always have 300 to 400 students in them. Professors don't do the grading. All of that is done by teaching assistants. If I did date a student I was grading, I would have used the conflict-of-interest strategy, which would have meant either recusing myself or having a third-party evaluator. Now I'm 57. With the average age of students being 22, dating students is basically an irrelevant issue to me. I'm more likely to conjure images of father or grandfather, than a potential romantic choice."
My major problem in this interchange is with Abrahamson's response. He indicates that if he was dating a student in his class he would recuse himself from grading the student or having a third party grade the student. The problem here, of course, is that he now is treating the student differentially; all other students get the same grader except for 1 student. If one is involved in a mutual romantic relationship in this context and are on the fringe of sensitive issues such as grading, one should commit oneself to absolutely no differential treatment in the classroom experience. If the prof feels he cannot grade the student in a non-prejudicial manner, the student should not be in the class. Or in more general terms, if many profs believe that they cannot treat students they like or not like or are friendly with or not friendly with, in the same manner, they should not be in the classroom at all. Or given this example, if a feminist professor favors feminist versus non-feminist students in the classroom, she should not be in the classroom at all. Dispassionate grading should encompass the entire grading process irrespective of specific emotional involvements.
Q. How effective have campuses been in stopping relationships between professors and undergraduates?
A. "I think what's more likely is a professor dating a grad student. Or a teaching assistant dating an undergraduate. That's where romance is likely to occur. And those are pervasive throughout the university, despite the rules. The relationships are more clandestine now and anxiously initiated. People go through all the disfigurements to keep it quiet: changing the way we look at each other, the way we touch each other, the way we walk."
Of course, no one definitively knows what is happening on campuses in this area. It is now shifted underground; the relationships become closeted. And this is what the powers that be in general want- out of sight, out of mind. The predominant ethos is the same as it was in the past in the gay world- dont't flaunt it, don't put it in my face. Of course, having to hide, being forced to hide ones relationships is a form of degradation; choosing to hide is another matter. Given a situation when there is a large number of women in their 20s and men in their 30s-40s who are eligible, there will be a lot of fraternization, particularly at a place where many people share common intellectual interests.Universities are unable to effectively controlso many people. So underground flourishing is to be expected. Ultimately, a major issue becomes whether the university is willing to use third party reporters and/or reports by persons who have a need to hurt the prof and/or student. More on this in later posts
Q. So all of these professors and teaching assistants are breaking the rules?A. Yes, with the potential for termination. Love is a very powerful emotion, and that propels one forward. Think of it in terms of gay rights: All the prohibitions did nothing to preclude the clandestine pursuit of one's love interest. What these policies are doing now is creating a very chilling effect on romantic pursuit, if not precluding it. They're just forcing it underground.
Q. That sounds like a dangerous situation for professors who are involved in such relationships.
A. If you're doing something that is illegal, you're basically giving someone a justification for firing you. So, for example, let's say you start doing research on Charles Dickens, and I hate Dickens and I don't think he belongs in the academy, and you come up for tenure. And I say, Prof X is sexually involved with a student; I think we should get rid of her. The real reason we want to get rid of you is your work. But by having the relationship, you're making yourself vulnerable to dismissal.
I agree, but it becomes further complicated in situations where a relationship is not taking place, but such a relatisnhip is perceived to be taking place due to the fact that it is a close relationship. Such is what I would consider to be one of the most negative effects of banning student-professor relationships- that it puts a chill on profs and students having close relationships. The chilly air passes thru open office doors that do not respect private conversations between students and professors.
Q. You talk about lofty principles being at stake here, Constitutional rights. What are they?
A. For me, this is not an issue about who's sleeping with whom. It's an issue about where the power to make the choice resides. Is it something that resides in an institution like a business or a university, or is this in that sphere of personal autonomy over which only you get to choose? We make choices over things that are exceedingly intimate: who to love, what to believe in, the character of our writing and speech. These are part of the fundamental nature of who we are, and they represent the autonomous way we relate to the world. What's more fundamental to an adult than making a choice about who to love?
Probably nothing more fundamental. Taking away said right
and giving it to a dean or some other campus functionary reflects the essence of absurdity.
Q. Describe how you believe the Ninth Amendment to the Constitution protects, as you put it, "the right to romance."A. In the first eight amendments, you have explicit rights that are enumerated or described. To preclude the government from saying: 'Anything that's not on this list we control,' Madison created the Ninth Amendment. It says despite all those rights enumerated above, you cannot deny or disparage rights that are still retained by the people. Madison is saying, despite all the things we've described, the people still retain their fundamental rights. The right to reproduce is one of these. So one of the inherent rights of humanity is the right to reproduce, and you have to choose who you are going to reproduce with, who you are going to romance and love.
Q. How are university policies banning relationships between professors and students any different from policies that companies have developed to prevent relationships between employees and the workers they supervise?
A. In industry they're referred to as nonfraternization policies. They say, I don't want you to date anyone here. But industry is up front about it because they say, You guys could get angry at each other, and sue each other or us. We don't want to deal with that, so we're stopping it. But universities don't do that. Universities present themselves as if they're taking this moral high road that they are trying to protect students. I believe this is disingenuous. What they're really trying to do is reduce their liability. That's reasonable, but I want them to be honest about it.
Well, the effect of honest bans would be no difference in effect than dishonest bans. The interviewer implies that the university should apply the corporate model; if corporations ban, then universities ban. However, I think that most academics believe that the university world should be different than the corporate world even given that the corporate mentality is increasingly found
in the university world. Does the interviewer believe that
tenure should be abolished since it does not exist in the corporate world? Does she believe that universities should increase pay differentials between univ presidents and faculty since the corporate world has higher pay differentials between CEOs and line employees?
Q. What should universities be doing instead, then, particularly if they want to limit their liability?
A. I'd say to the university, OK, you don't want to be vulnerable to litigation, but professors don't want our rights to be trampled here. What's the middle ground? One of the things I suggest is a "romance release." Every professor and student would say they'd hold the university harmless if they fell in love. I'm very sympathetic to the university's vulnerability to civil litigation and to the extent it's an economic threat. But we wouldn't prohibit people's right to believe in God if that produced civil lawsuits as well.
A "romance release"; interesting idea; I will try to get Professor Abrahamson to elaborate on this.
Q. Naomi Wolf, the feminist writer, published a piece in New York magazine several years ago in which she wrote about how devastating it was to her self-confidence when one of her professors put his hand on her thigh when she asked him to read her prose. If relationships between professors and students had been outlawed at Yale back then, wouldn't that have stopped the professor from doing what he did?
A. These policies don't target that kind of foolish behavior. They're not going to stop it. I would argue one needs to enact policies about a hostile working environment to stop that. You don't need to legislate against touching the leg, because that's sexual harassment and it's covered. With Naomi Wolf, these two weren't romantically involved. She felt that being sexually harassed by a professor was humiliating, and undoubtedly so.
A good effective response to a stupid question. Robin Wilson knows that his book deals with consenting relationships, but switches off to sexual harasment issues.
Q. Lots of universities put these policies in place because students were accusing their professors of sexual harassment. Isn't that a valid concern?
A. A professor and a student get involved in a relationship; it goes great guns for eight months. They're fabulously in love; they think they'll get married and have kids. Then it somehow implodes. One or the other wants to continue the relationship and keeps pressuring the other. Eventually the one who wants out feels they're being harassed and says, Look you continue with this, and I'm going to sue you. It is basically love gone awry that universities are afraid will turn into civil litigation. Therefore, universities will cut out love completely with these policies in order to protect themselves.
Well stated. It would be similar to attempting to ban rape by banning all sexual relationships.
The fact that a couple might break up should have no relevance to the university albeit student-faculty breakups or faculty-faculty breakups. In fact, universities hire married couples being fully aware that the marriage might end in divorce.
Q. Some parents might wonder whether they should be paying 40-grand a year to provide professors with a well-stocked pool of potential dating partners.
A. We allow any male or female to join the Army and Marines and fight in Iraq at 18. If that 18-year-old can make that decision about giving life for their country, that 18-year-old can make a decision about who they're going to have romance with. People always ask me, How would you feel if your daughter had a relationship with a 40-something professor? My response has been, it's her choice to make.
In fact, I know that parents might be quite supportive of such relationships. I can speak to this based on personal experience.
I had excellent relationships with the parents of students who I dated; I would have valued them as in-laws.
Of course, Ms. Wilson fails to note that professors have parents too and the case may be that a faculty parent may disapprove. In any case, so what? One more personal note. Unbeknownst to me I started dating a daughter of a prof at my university. Of course, I quickly found out such was the case, and ended up having a close friendship with her father.
Q. Don't rules that prohibit sexual relationships between professors and students protect professors as much as students? It is tempting for a 40-something faculty member to fancy himself the romantic partner of an undergraduate woman. But before university rules banned these relationships, there were lots of stories of professors doing and saying ridiculous things with students in the name of "love."
A. I think that's a moralistic crusade under the guise of paternalism. It's always important to make conscientious choices in one's life. But to legislate that in any venue is absurd.
People make foolish sexual choices. People who are religious leaders, how many of them have fallen from grace because of their foolish sexual choices? To me that's testament to the power of love and sex. Sexuality is an enormously powerful motive, and people are going to make foolish choices because of the power, but we don't preclude it. We give freedom of speech despite the rubbish and crap that people air because it's so essential to our survival to protect the freedom of speech. It's essential to our pursuit of happiness and well-being to protect sexual rights, knowing full well people are going to make foolish choices.
Yes, amen
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Cotswold Painted and Oak 2 Over 3 Drawer Chest
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text: Zenit St. Petersburg supporters went nuts after their team beat rivals Dynamo Moscow 2-1 Saturday to clinch a repeat Russian Premiership title, a victory gained despite being down a man for most of the second half. The thrill of victory led to the agony of jail for a handful of fans whose revelry got out of hand, though we understand wanting to take home a very special artifact of your team's championship. After all, it's not like they picked up the goal and threw it into the ocean.


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On first glance, however, this development seems unexpected since the episode's storyline stems from a long-standing and ubiquitous sci-fi TV trope: "the single mother in jeopardy."
Examples of the "single mother in jeopardy" convention can be found on the original Battlestar Galactica (1978 - 1979) in "The Lost Warrior," where the convention is played well as a variation on Shane (1953) and as a commentary on gun control, in V: The Series as "The Wildcats" (wherein Marc Singer's Mike Donovan steps in to save a Mom and her daughter from the Visitors), and on MacGyver, "To Be a Man," which featured the late Persis Khambatta as Zia, the single mother in jeopardy from Russian military forces.
On the planet surface, Buck soon meets Cyra (Anne E. Curry) and her son, Delph (Bobby Lane), the only two settlers who have remained behind on the planet. Buck soon discovers that the duo is regularly harassed by Pangor (Dave Cass), a half-man/half-goat or "satyr" who seems obsessed with them. Buck steps in to battle the violent Pangor, but is bitten by the satyr.
After being bitten, Buck learns that Pangor is actually Jason Samos, the founder of the Arcanus colony and Cyra's much-mourned husband. She has been unable to leave the planet behind because she still feels attached to him, despite Jason's transformation into a rampaging monster.
Clearly, this episode of the series sub textually concerns alcoholism; and the effect of alcoholism upon the entire family unit. This subtext and social commentary actually elevates "The Satyr" above its familiar and cliched premise and makes it one of Buck Rogers' finest hours.
In "The Satyr," Cyra and Delph live a relatively happy life, until Dad -- Pangor -- shows up at their home, demanding wine and violently threatening Mom.
At several points during the episode, Delph is also policed by his mother not to be too conspicuous, so as not to gain the attention of the alcoholic/Satyr. At one point, Delph plays "flute grass" and at another point he calls out innocently for his Mom. In both instances he is quickly "hushed" -- "Don't shout!" -- lest the angry man of the household focus his violent attention upon him. Half the battle is staying off Pangor's radar as he pursues his vices.
Additionally, the boy, Delph, soon sees himself as his mother's defender, eventually fighting the angry Pangor and telling the beast to "leave my mother alone." In the homes of many alcoholics, it is indeed the child who eventually becomes the protector of the Mom,or other siblings, and who stands-up to the offending drinker.
As for Cyra, she's dramatized in this episode as the traumatized, exhausted victim of sustained domestic abuse. She hides bruises on her neck from Buck, and, quite understandably, doesn't like "to be touched."
She also has much trouble letting go of the "good man" who was once her husband, clinging to old photo albums which reveal happier, more romantic days. Much of the blocking depicts Cyra cowering or retreating. She is someone who is used to being terrorized and fears being struck.
Cyra also maintains the family home on Arcanus -- despite the danger to herself and her son -- in the misguided belief that somehow Pangor can change. In fact, Cyra spends her life appeasing the violent satyr. "If he's supplied with enough [wine]," she informs Buck, "he's content" and leaves the family alone.
At the same time that she must handle Pangor, Cyra worries that the "virus" that affected her husband -- a metaphor for alcoholism -- could affect her son too "when he's a man." In other words, the cycle of abuse and violence could continue to the next generation. Yet by keeping Delph on Arcanus, in a terrorized home, Cyra makes it more likely that this will happen to Delph.
This social commentary in "The Satyr" is intriguing by itself, but the episode gains some real unexpected juice and power when Buck actually grows sick with "the virus "and quickly loses his status as the white knight.
Buck sets up house with Cyra and Delph (even teaching the boy to fly his shuttle craft) and then -- just when things are good -- succumbs to the same "virus' and begins to show signs of physical violence like Cyra's previous husband. In one sequence, Buck tries to hide evidence of his transformation from Delph, ashamed to show his true nature as a "monster" to the boy he clearly cherishes.
Here, the subtext isn't about alcoholism so much as the nature of (some) men in general, and how some women seem to attract these monsters, one after the other. It's something in their individual nature and lack of self-esteem perhaps, and part of a deadly symbiosis involving abuser and victim. '
"The Satyr" tries to make viewers understand why Cyra stays on Arcanus, imperiled by one satyr after the other, and gives us some insight into the mentality of a perpetual victim. In this case, Cyra just can't let go of the past and the (vain) dream that Pangor could again become the husband she once loved.
Of course, Buck -- as our stalwart series hero -- is able to kick the virus and save the day. Still, it was pretty daring in terms of 1981-era television to create a metaphor for alcoholism and then see the likable series protagonist succumb to that "disease." In visual terms, Buck's horns literally start to come out, as he transforms from man to beast.
I am old enough to remember the promotional materials and interviews for the second season of Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. The overall promise by the producers was that Buck would become more recognizably and fallibly human, and less the quipping, boogeying, Burt Reynolds-in-space figure of the first season.
Whether or not that promise was fulfilled entirely is up for debate, but certainly "The Satyr" showcases Buck at his most human and interesting. He exhibits real remorse when he believes he is responsible for the death of Cyra's husband, Jason, and then must battle his growing "dark side" as the satyr virus takes hold.
This episode is also intriguing for the way it ties the myth of the Satyr (a wine loving man/goat) to the alcoholism/domestic violence symbolism, and for the implicit "reason" behind alcoholism provided by the show.
Jason had the "pioneer spirit," you see, and had hoped to turn Arcanus into a "garden of Eden." When that dream failed, he couldn't handle it...and that's when he first acquired "the virus." Again, this idea fits our contemporary world well.
What leads people to drink? Failure? Tragedy? Loss? Desperation?
Like the best social commentary in science fiction television (from The Twilight Zone to Star Trek to The X-Files to Buffy), this is an episode that plays ably on two levels. You can watch it just as a gripping, good adventure, or as a story with a bit more relevance and meaning in our own world.
In other words, the metaphor for alcoholism holds powerfully (right down to the blocking of the actors), but you aren't hit over the head with a "lesson."
At the very least, "The Satyr" adds some much-needed depth to an old TV trope. In this Buck Rogers episode, the single mother was again in dire jeopardy, but it's the nature of that jeopardy and the source of the jeopardy that make this installment meaningful and unique, even after four decades.


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Oct 02, 2012 | ISBN 9781607742623
"Allison and Slade are two of the most talented chefs I know. Their understanding of New Orleans's vast food history allows them to cook food that broadens culinary boundaries, but is still delicious and accessible. Their commitment to local farmers, fishermen, and producers has helped create a new market for fresh ingredients that benefits all of New Orleans. I really enjoy eating Allison and Slade's food, and this cookbook—with its rich photography and innovative recipes—is a great extension of their sense of taste and Southern hospitality."
—Stephen Stryjewski, chef/co-owner of Cochon restaurant
"The book for the young, hip, and hungry."
—Charlotte Observer
"A welcome addition to cookbooks on contemporary Southern cuisine."
—Library Journal
"With their Oysters Rockefeller "Deconstructed," Allison and Slade have imbued a staid classic with fresh, light inventiveness. With their Muscadine Wine Jell-O, they have lifted plain gelatin to unprecedented heights of deliciousness. These two are masters, as well-versed in the home recipes of the South as they are in the fine dining techniques of New York and New Orleans restaurant kitchens. If you want to master great food, learn from them."
—Lolis Eric Elie, writer for HBO's Treme and author of Smokestack Lightning
"In Southern Comfort, Allison and Slade vividly convey what they do best: combiningelements of high- and lowbrow cooking to create unique, easy-to-prepare dishes that reflect their love of all things Southern. I laughed at all the stories of them as young'uns, and gained some insight into how they came to be the fun, funny, and talented team they are today. This is a delightful book, packed with recipes you will want to use every day."
—Susan Spicer, chef/owner of Bayona restaurant and author of Crescent City Cooking
Our Story
Breakfast and Breads
Cocktail Fare
Pasta and Grains
Measurement Conversion Charts


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Light and sporty, this eyeglasses choice features funky blasts of color or sleek. Adjustable temple tips give you superior comfort, while barrel hinges keep glasses in ideal shape.
Unisex prescription ready frame
Full rim oval lens design
Ultra lightweight hypoallergenic nylon based Grillamid material
Stopper hinge prevents arms from touching/damaging lens
Base Curve: 6-base
Frame Color: Dark Tortoise/Blue
Fit: Standard
Eye Size: 49
Bridge: 21
Temple: 145
We use either Royal Mail Tracked Services or DPD or DHL Express Parcel Service for all of our deliveries. We aim to dispatch completed orders received before 4pm on the same day. (Prescription orders are dispatched within 7-14 days)
Our international orders will be sent using Royal Mail International Signed For or DHL Express Service. Delivery times may vary from country to country, depending on the postal service in each country.
We obviously hope that you will be delighted with anything you order from Igero. However should you wish to return anything that you have bought from us, we are happy to issue a full refund provided that the item is returned to us in fully re-saleable condition (Prescription Lenses are made to order and are non-refundable, we will however refund the cost of the frame).
Return requests should be made within 14 days of purchase to email@example.com. We will then email you a Returns Authorisation (RA) code and details of what to do next. We offer a free returns service for all UK orders and our Returns Authorisation email will also include details of how to print your Free Tracked Returns label. All returns must be as new and unworn and include all tags and labels.
For full details of our delivery and returns policy, please see our delivery and returns page.


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Pinellas County Democratic Executive Committee chair and Rick Kriseman campaign supporter Susan McGrath has labeled the International People's Democratic Uhuru movement a terrorist organization.
In a Facebook conversation between McGrath and St. Petersburg Police Department Detective George Lofton, Lofton asked, "When are people going to wake up and see the Uhurus for what they are: domestic terrorists"?
Susan McGrath responded, "That's exactly what they were tonight..."
(See a screenshot of the Facebook exchange reproduced on this page.)
Does the St. Petersburg Police Department know something that we should know? Is the SPPD working in tandem with the FBI currently?
All I know is, I wouldn't want to be a member of the Uhuru movement and have any type of interaction Detective Lofton.
With the rash of killings of unarmed black men by police, any confrontation between the Uhurus and Lofton would not end well at all.
You are guilty already, based on his social media post. You are "dangerous".
Susan McGrath concurring with this statement shows why Democrats are in a dog fight for the black vote in the St. Petersburg mayor's race.
They want the black vote, but they don't want the black voice!
The only black people McGrath has use for are ones who toe her line.
This isn't the first time McGrath has attempted to control the black community.
When the St. Petersburg chapter of the National Council of Negro Women invited Jamal Bryant to speak at their annual MLK Breakfast, it was Susan McGrath who decided Bryant should be uninvited.
She made it her mission to have him uninvited. She wanted to protest his speech. Did that make her a domestic terrorist?
Bryant spoke anyway.
In another Facebook post, McGrath said black people should behave in a respectful manner like Martin Luther King Jr. or John Lewis.
Well, Susan, Martin Luther King Jr. was respectfully murdered and U.S. Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga. respectfully had his brains beaten in!
Black people have had to deal with disparaging labels for a while now.
Susan and George have added "domestic terrorist" to the list.
Because the Uhurus aren't "behaving".
Since when is disrupting a debate forum domestic terrorism?
Since when is vocally supporting one's candidate domestic terrorism?
The way the Uhurus are exercising their first amendment right may not be the way Susan and George choose to do so, but that doesn't make them domestic terrorists.
In this day and age, throwing that term around is what is dangerous, especially coming from a law enforcement official and someone who is serving in the capacity as the leader of the Democratic Party in that area.
Susan McGrath has been working very closely with the Rick Kriseman campaign. Is that how Kriseman feels about the Uhurus?
What does Chief Holloway think? Is there an ongoing investigation that would lead an SPPD detective to publicly declare the Uhurus a domestic terrorist organization?
Inquiring minds want to know ...
Leslie Wimes, a Sunshine State News columnist, is founder and president of Women on the Move and the Democratic African American Women Caucus, www.daawc.com. Follow Leslie on Twitter: @womenonthemove1
SFWMD: Everglades Farmers Score Big Against Phosphorus in 2017
Diaz-Balart Made Backroom Deal in Favor of Horse Slaughter, Insiders Say


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We enter Day 7 of Favre-Sterger overload and even though the media crush has died down somewhat, the Favre supporters are still out in full force. Including that gentleman who left that lovely message at Gawker's office. (NSFW for "CALLTHEFUCKINGCOPS")
And here's more hate-fueled idol worship from Minnesota and beyond. As usual, [Sic'd]
I'm guessing you're either a homosexual or someone who is too ugly to get a playboy model so you're jealous. Lame story, Jen Sterger is hot though. if you have contact with playboy models you should be dating them and waking up with them, not rummaging through their emails you loser — Nate P.
This One Reads Like A Haiku
timing is everything douch bag
did you get the media attention that you wanted, jerk-off
suck my dick
Ooooh — PUMPKINS!
(From Bryan M.)
Here Come The Bastards
Congratulations on your malicious and self-serving tarnishing of a great legacy. In an era where there are few real heroes left you have found a way to cast a pall of doubt and distaste on one of the most enduring and inspiring players to ever grace a gridiron. You and your little your little eye-candy-for-hire and self-described "big-boobed ho" tramp have shown yourselves for what you truly are: 24-carat scumbag opportunists.
I hope all the skeletons, blow up dolls, and transvestite garb you keep hidden in your own closet are soon laid bare for the world to see. Enjoy your ill-gotten and sorely undeserved 15 minutes of fame/infamy, but a word of caution: slimy ambulance-chasers like yourselves have a way of getting exactly what they so richly deserve.
Favre was and remains an inspiration to millions. I hope your own parents are quite proud of the bastard they raised.
Actually, I'm From Philadelphia
Your stalking of Favre is getting to the point of scary. You might want to seek some help. Seriously, what kind of man wants to look at another mans junk...unless, of course, he's gay? Are you gay AJ?
None of your other counter parts seem to have the balls to respond to my emails. Let's see if you big bad New Yorker does. — VikesFan
Who Still Says 'Queer'?
Only a queer would pay money for pictures of another mans dong. I bet all you fairies at deadspin chipped in personal money for those "Brett Favre" pics so you can rub your man meat while envisioning Brett's face on them, dreaming they might be real. My only hope is that you keep your dick beaters on your johnson and off the keyboard because it's obvious your reporting and journal writing abilities are only slightly better than a chimp banging on a typewriter. Do society a favor and quit bottom feeding for a living. Do something useful with yourselves......like becoming a speed bump. — Axle
And, Finally, Gregg Easterbrook Boom!-Roasts Us


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'Their charge tonight against the Buffalo Sabres is to begin something that no team in the history of the franchise has done – a comeback from a 3-1 deficit to win a playoff series. Even with two of the three potential games at home, even given the closeness of the series so far, the odds against the Flyers' success are obvious.'
You are here: Home / SabresBeat / LeClair era deserves a grander finale


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- to
Composting is nature's way of recycling. Rather than sending your food scraps and lawn clippings to the landfill, you can compost them to create a nutrient-rich fertilizer for your garden or lawn. Register to attend this free composting class and learn how!
This class is part of the City of Austin's Home Composting Rebate Program. Austin residents who pay the Clean Community Fee on their utility bill qualify for a $75 rebate on a home composting system. Simply attend a composting class, then apply!
Location Information
Exaco Trading Co.
10203-B Metropolitan Dr.
Austin, TX 78758
United States
See Map: Google Maps
Contact Information


text:
being part of an international wealth community where some of the most renowed personal development leaders guide you through a systematic process that will empower you to achieve anything you want in life!
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There is a huge need in the world for guidance and mentorship! Many people who are studying personal development never receive the right guidance or have someone they can really follow. We have some phenomenal educators, entrepreneurs, coaches in our program that are eager to share their experience and wisdom with you! Through our monthly online coaching calls you have the ability to interact with your mentors, and receive solutions to the things you might be struggling with.
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So many people are stuck nowadays in an negative, unsupportive environment which they are bound to. Immediately after you join The Real Wealth Revolution you'll become part of our online community where people network and support each other in a fun and dynamic way, through our success calls, mastermind groups and team meetings.
What is Money? Over 90% of the people in the world today don't really understand what money is and this keeps them trapped in a system that doesn't serve them. They keep working harder and harder while their money buys less and less. Ready for some good news? With us you will never have this problem and when we talk about money, we're going to bring you the real stuff! Gold and Silver! You'll learn what money is, how money works and how to save it in one of the best options available today, Swiss Gold and Silver! Want to learn more about this? Watch our full presentation (see how below) then get back to the person who showed you this video and ask them how you can get "Paid to Save in Gold and Silver
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text:
CPR University necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 197 diseños de 33 diseñadores freelance.
CPR University or http://www.cpruniversity.com
We've been teaching CPR & First Aid to local businesses and individuals who need certification for their job or school requirements. There is a small fee to obtain certification but we also teach to the public for free that do not need certification. Heart disease is the #1 killer in America and we try to educate the public how this could take the life of their loved one, a coworker or themselves. We stress the importance that someone should be trained in CPR and/or First Aid to provide care to those in need. I ventured out a couple of years ago and had a website built to act as a hub of information for anyone who would like to learn more about CPR & First Aid. We have since grown by leaps-and-bounds and now are looking to polish up our image with a professional logo to go along with our website.
We tend to draw upon anyone in health care to include dental & doctor's offices, hospitals & clinics, schools that have health care students. Others would be day cares, contractors, police/fire/rescue personnel, church and civic groups or just anyone interested in learning how to save a life.
Our website is http://www.cpruniversity.com.
You have designer freedom with the logo just try to work your colors into our existing color scheme of the website. I like 3D effects, badge & seals for logos and the use of shadows & reflections. Please be very unique, no medical caduceus or frequently used icons of the medical field. I would love to see the .com incorporated into the logo since we try to drive everyone to our website. We will probably be changing the website to have more of a collegiate type theme so we can market the site on t-shirts or other promotional items. We would like to have people walking around with collegiate themed t-shirts like well known universities with our logo on them. I am providing some existing logos drawn by a person that works with the web design company I have my website with. We like the first aid cross wearing the university hat with a heart performing CPR but we don't like the wordage with the icon if that makes any sense. I am also providing an image of our business card that we would love to place our new logo on so feel free to ask any questions...
Thanks, Malcolm
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
$3.4 Billion & 21K jobs: 2013 Report on Economic Value of Vermont's Forest Economy Released
MONTPELIER - The North East State Foresters Association (NEFA) and the VT Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation have released a report detailing The Economic Importance of Vermont's Forest-based Economy. The report highlights the various sectors of Vermont's economy that depend on wood, forests, and trees. The total economic value of Vermont's forest economy is pegged at over $3.4 billion dollars for 2012.
Download the report here.
"Forest-based manufacturing and forest-related recreation and tourism are significant drivers for our economy," says Vermont State Forester Steven Sinclair. Sinclair lists some products and services we enjoy: firewood, lumber, fine furniture, maple syrup and Christmas trees are chief among the products. Forests also yield "ecosystem services" such as providing clean water, carbon storage, and wildlife habitat. Vermont's forests are the vital backdrop to recreation and tourism here.
The NEFA report shows that nearly 21,000 jobs in all sectors are directly impacted by Vermont's forests. While manufacturing jobs in Vermont's wood products businesses have declined over the past decade, the harvest of timber from Vermont has stayed relatively stable.
Sinclair points out that most of Vermont's wood is coming from family forests. "About 80% of Vermont's forested lands are owned by individuals and families. So, when you buy Vermont wood, you really are buying local. The NEFA report supports the Vermont's Working Lands Enterprise Initiative to stimulate a concerted economic development effort on behalf of Vermont's agriculture and forest product sectors."
The NEFA report can be found athttp://www.vtfpr.org/htm/forestry.cfm under the "Latest News" header.


text:
Steve Miller, MathWorks
A Simscape™ model of a hydraulic lift that performs well in desktop simulation is reused for HIL testing. The configuration steps include enabling the Simscape local solver, verifying speed and accuracy of the fixed-step simulation, and converting to C code. When the model is running on the real-time target, values of Simscape run-time parameters are modified directly on the target without regenerating C code.
Recorded: 19 May 2016