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This driver synchronizes the computer time using data encoded in radio transmissions from Canadian time/frequency station CHU in Ottawa, Ontario. It replaces an earlier one, built by Dennis Ferguson in 1988, which required a special line discipline to preprocessed the signal. The new driver includes more powerful algorithms implemented directly in the driver and requires no preprocessing.
CHU transmissions are made continuously on 3330 kHz, 7335 kHz and 14670 kHz in upper sideband, compatible AM mode. An ordinary shortwave receiver can be tuned manually to one of these frequencies or, in the case of ICOM receivers, the receiver can be tuned automatically as propagation conditions change throughout the day and night. The performance of this driver when tracking the station is ordinarily better than 1 ms in time with frequency drift less than 0.5 PPM when not tracking the station.
While there are currently no known commercial CHU receivers, a simple but effective receiver/demodulator can be constructed from an ordinary shortwave receiver and Bell 103 compatible, 300-b/s modem or modem chip, as described on the Pulse-per-second (PPS) Signal Interfacing page. The driver can use the modem to receive the radio signal and demodulate the data or, if available, the driver can use the audio codec of the Sun workstation or another with compatible audio interface. In the latter case, the driver implements the modem using DSP routines, so the radio can be connected directly to either the microphone or line input port.
This driver incorporates several features in common with other audio drivers such as described in the Radio WWV/H Audio Demodulator/Decoder and the IRIG Audio Decoder pages. They include automatic gain control (AGC), selectable audio codec port and signal monitoring capabilities. For a discussion of these common features, as well as a guide to hookup, debugging and monitoring, see the Reference Clock Audio Drivers page.
Ordinarily, the driver poll interval is set to 14 (about 4.5 h), although this can be changed with configuration commands. As long as the clock is set or verified at least once during this interval, the NTP algorithms will consider the source reachable and selectable to discipline the system clock. However, if this does not happen for eight poll intervals, the algorithms will consider the source unreachable and some other source will be chosen (if available) to discipline the system clock.
The decoding algorithms process the data using maximum-likelihood techniques which exploit the considerable degree of redundancy available in each broadcast message or burst. As described below, every character is sent twice and, in the case of format A bursts, the burst is sent eight times every minute. In the case of format B bursts, which are sent once each minute, the burst is considered correct only if every character matches its repetition in the burst. In the case of format A messages, a majority decoder requires at least six repetitions for each digit in the timecode and more than half of the repetitions decode to the same digit. Every character in every burst provides an independent timestamp upon arrival with a potential total of over 60 timestamps for each minute.
A timecode in the format described below is assembled when all bursts have been received in the minute. The timecode is considered valid and the clock set when at least one valid format B burst has been decoded and the above requirements are met. The yyyy year field in the timecode indicates whether a valid format B burst has been received. Upon startup, this field is initialized at zero; when a valid format B burst is received, it is set to the current Gregorian year. The q quality character field in the timecode indicates whether a valid timecode has been determined. If any of the high order three bits of this character are set, the timecode is invalid.
Once the clock has been set for the first time, it will appear reachable and selectable to discipline the system clock, even if the broadcast signal is lost. Since the signals are almost always available during some period of the day and the NTP clock discipline algorithms are designed to work well even in this case, it is unlikely that the system clock could drift more than a few tens of milliseconds during periods of signal loss. To protect against this most unlikely situation, if after four days with no signals, the clock is considered unset and resumes the synchronization procedure from the beginning.
The last three fields in the timecode are useful in assessing the quality of the radio channel during the most recent minute bursts were received. The bcnt field shows the number of format A bursts in the range 1-8. The dist field shows the majority decoder distance, or the minimum number of sample repetitions for each digit of the timecode in the range 0-16. The tsmp field shows the number of timestamps determined in the range 0-60. For a valid timecode, bcnt must be at least 3, dist must be greater than bcnt and tsmp must be at least 20.
The program consists of four major parts: the DSP modem, maximum likelihood UART, burst assembler and majority decoder. The DSP modem demodulates Bell 103 modem answer-frequency signals; that is, frequency-shift keyed (FSK) tones of 2225 Hz (mark) and 2025 Hz (space). This is done using a 4th-order IIR filter and limiter/discriminator with 500-Hz bandpass centered on 2125 Hz and followed by a FIR raised-cosine lowpass filter optimized for the 300-b/s data rate. Alternately, the driver can be compiled to delete the modem and input 300 b/s data directly from an external modem via a serial port.
The maximum likelihood UART is implemented using a set of eight 11-stage shift registers, one for each of eight phases of the 300-b/s bit clock. At each phase a new baseband signal value from the DSP modem is shifted into the corresponding register and the maximum and minimum over all 11 samples computed. This establishes a slice level midway between the maximum and minimum over all stages. For each stage, a signal level above this level is a mark (1) and below is a space (0). A quality metric is calculated for each register with respect to the slice level and the a-priori signal consisting of a mark bit (previous stop bit), space (start) bit, eight arbitrary information bits and the first of the two mark (stop) bits.
The shift registers are processed in round-robin order as each modem value arrives until one of them shows a valid framing pattern consisting of a mark bit, space bit, eight arbitrary data bits and a mark bit. When found, the data bits from the register with the best metric is chosen as the maximum likelihood character and the UART begins to process the next character.
The burst assembler processes characters either from the maximum likelihood UART or directly from the serial port as configured. A burst begins when a character is received and is processed after a timeout interval when no characters are received. If the interval between characters is greater than two characters, but less than the timeout interval, the burst is rejected as a runt and a new burst begun. As each character is received, a timestamp is captured and saved for later processing.
A valid burst consists of ten characters in two replicated five-character blocks. A format B block contains the year and other information in ten hexadecimal digits. A format A block contains the timecode in ten decimal digits, the first of which is a framing code (6). The burst assembler must deal with cases where the first character of a format A burst is lost or is noise. This is done using the framing code to correct the phase, either one character early or one character late.
The burst distance is incremented by one for each bit in the first block that matches the corresponding bit in the second block and decremented by one otherwise. In a format B burst the second block is bit-inverted relative to the first, so a perfect burst of five 8-bit characters has distance -40. In a format A block the two blocks are identical, so a perfect burst has distance +40. Format B bursts must be perfect to be acceptable; however, format A bursts, which are further processed by the majority decoder, are acceptable if the distance is at least 28.
Each minute of transmission includes eight format A bursts containing two timecodes for each second from 31 through 39. The majority decoder uses a decoding matrix of ten rows, one for each digit position in the timecode, and 16 columns, one for each 4-bit code combination that might be decoded at that position. In order to use the character timestamps, it is necessary to reliably determine the second number of each burst. In a valid burst, the last digit of the two timecodes in the block must match and the value must be in the range 2-9 and greater than in the previous burst.
As each hex digit of a valid burst is processed, the value at the row corresponding to the digit position in the timecode and column corresponding to the code found at that position is incremented. At the end of each minute of transmission, each row of the decoding matrix encodes the number of occurrences of each code found at the corresponding position of the timecode. However, the first digit (framing code) is always 6, the ninth (second tens) is always 3 and the last (second units) changes for each burst, so are not used.
The maximum over all occurrences at each timecode digit position is the distance for that position and the corresponding code is the maximum likelihood candidate. If the distance is zero, the decoder assumes a miss; if the distance is not more than half the total number of occurrences, the decoder assumes a soft error; if two different codes with the same distance are found, the decoder assumes a hard error. In all these cases the decoder encodes a non-decimal character which will later cause a format error when the timecode is reformatted. The decoding distance is defined as the minimum distance over the first nine digits; the tenth digit varies over the seconds and is uncounted.
The result of the majority decoder is a nine-digit timecode representing the maximum likelihood candidate for the transmitted timecode in that minute. Note that the second and fraction within the minute are always zero and that the actual reference point to calculate timestamp offsets is backdated to the first second of the minute. At this point the timecode block is reformatted and the year, days, hours and minutes extracted along with other information from the format B burst, including DST state, DUT1 correction and leap warning. The reformatting operation checks the timecode for invalid code combinations that might have been left by the majority decoder and rejects the entire timecode if found.
If the timecode is valid, it is passed to the reference clock interface along with the backdated timestamp offsets accumulated over the minute. A perfect set of nine bursts could generate as many as 90 timestamps, but the maximum the interface can handle is 60. These are processed by the interface using a median filter and trimmed-mean average, so the resulting system clock correction is usually much better than would otherwise be the case with radio noise, UART jitter and occasional burst errors.
The driver includes provisions to automatically tune the radio in response to changing radio propagation conditions throughout the day and night. The radio interface is compatible with the ICOM CI-V standard, which is a bidirectional serial bus operating at TTL levels. The bus can be connected to a standard serial port using a level converter such as the CT-17.
Each ICOM radio is assigned a unique 8-bit ID select code, usually expressed in hex format. To activate the CI-V interface, the mode keyword of the server configuration command specifies a nonzero select code in decimal format. A table of ID select codes for the known ICOM radios is given below. Since all ICOM select codes are less than 128, the high order bit of the code is used by the driver to specify the baud rate. If this bit is not set, the rate is 9600 bps for the newer radios; if set, the rate is 1200 bps for the older radios. A missing mode keyword or a zero argument leaves the interface disabled.
If specified, the driver will attempt to open the device /dev/icom and, if successful will tune the radio to 3.330 MHz. If after five minutes at this frequency not more than two format A bursts have been received for any minute, the driver will tune to 7.335 MHz, then to 14.670 MHz, then return to 3.330 MHz and continue in this cycle. However, the driver is liberal in what it assumes of the configuration. If the /dev/icom link is not present or the open fails or the CI-V bus or radio is inoperative, the driver quietly gives up with no harm done.
The CHU time broadcast includes an audio signal compatible with the Bell 103 modem standard (mark = 2225 Hz, space = 2025 Hz). It consist of nine, ten-character bursts transmitted at 300 b/s and beginning each second from second 31 to second 39 of the minute. Each character consists of eight data bits plus one start bit and two stop bits to encode two hex digits. The burst data consist of five characters (ten hex digits) followed by a repeat of these characters. In format A, the characters are repeated in the same polarity; in format B, the characters are repeated in the opposite polarity.
Format A bursts are sent at seconds 32 through 39 of the minute in hex digits
The first ten digits encode a frame marker (6) followed by the day (ddd), hour (hh), minute (mm) and second (ss). Since format A bursts are sent during the third decade of seconds the tens digit of ss is always 3. The driver uses this to determine correct burst synchronization. These digits are then repeated with the same polarity.
Format B bursts are sent at second 31 of the minute in hex digits
The first ten digits encode a code (x described below) followed by the DUT1 (d in deciseconds), Gregorian year (yyyy), difference TAI - UTC (tt) and daylight time indicator (aa) peculiar to Canada. These digits are then repeated with inverted polarity.
The x is coded
By design, the last stop bit of the last character in the burst coincides with 0.5 second. Since characters have 11 bits and are transmitted at 300 b/s, the last stop bit of the first character coincides with 0.5 - 10 * 11/300 = 0.133 second. Depending on the UART, character interrupts can vary somewhere between the beginning of bit 9 and end of bit 11. These eccentricities can be corrected along with the radio propagation delay using the fudge time1 variable.
The most convenient way to track the program status is using the ntpq program and the clockvar command. This displays the last determined timecode and related status and error counters, even when the program is not discipline the system clock. If the debugging trace feature (-d on the ntpd command line)is enabled, the program produces detailed status messages as it operates. If the fudge flag 4 is set, these messages are written to the clockstats file. All messages produced by this driver have the prefix chu for convenient filtering with the Unix grep command.
With debugging enabled the driver produces messages in the following formats:
A format chuA message is produced for each format A burst received in seconds 32 through 39 of the minute:
chuA n b s code
where n is the number of characters in the burst (0-11), b the burst distance (0-40), s the synchronization distance (0-40) and code the burst characters as received. Note that the hex digits in each character are reversed and the last ten digits inverted, so the burst
11 40 1091891300ef6e76ecff
is interpreted as containing 11 characters with burst distance 40. The nibble-swapped timecode shows DUT1 +0.1 second, year 1998 and TAI -UTC 31 seconds.
A format chuB message is produced for each format B burst received in second 31 of the minute:
chuB n b f s m code
where n is the number of characters in the burst (0-11), b the burst distance (0-40), f the field alignment (-1, 0, 1), sthe synchronization distance (0-16), mthe burst number (2-9) and code the burst characters as received. Note that the hex digits in each character are reversed, so the burst
10 38 0 16 9 06851292930685129293
is interpreted as containing 11 characters with burst distance 38, field alignment 0, synchronization distance 16 and burst number 9. The nibble-swapped timecode shows day 58, hour 21, minute 29 and second 39.
If the CI-V interface for ICOM radios is active, a debug level greater than 1 will produce a trace of the CI-V command and response messages. Interpretation of these messages requires knowledge of the CI-V protocol, which is beyond the scope of this document.
sq yy ddd hh:mm:ss.fff ld dut lset agc rfrq bcnt dist tsmp s sync indicator q quality character yyyy Gregorian year ddd day of year hh hour of day mm minute of hour ss second of minute fff millisecond of second l leap second warning d DST state dut DUT sign and magnitude in deciseconds lset minutes since last set agc audio gain (0-255) rfrq radio frequency bcnt burst count dist decoding distance tsmp timestamps capturedThe fields beginning with year and extending through dut are decoded from the received data and are in fixed-length format. The agc and lset fields, as well as the following driver-dependent fields, are in variable-length format.
It is important to note that one or more of the above alarms does not necessarily indicate a clock error, but only that the decoder has detected a condition that may in future result in an error.
The mode keyword of the server configuration command specifies the ICOM ID select code. A missing or zero argument disables the CI-V interface. Following are the ID select codes for the known radios.


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subset: commoncrawl


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|Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
|Other reports in this collection
Appendix 12.2: Three Approaches to Optimal Detection
Optimal detection studies come in several variants depending upon how the time evolution of signal amplitude and structure is treated.
Fixed pattern studies (Hegerl et al., 1996, 1997, 2000a; Berliner et al., 2000; Schnur, 2001) assume that the spatial structure of the signals does not change during the epoch covered by the instrumental record. This type of study searches for evidence that the amplitudes of fixed anthropogenic signals are increasing with time. The observed field y=y(t) that appears on the left hand side of equation (A12.1.1) is typically a field of 30 to 50-year moving window trends computed from annual mean observations. The regression equation (A12.1.1) is solved repeatedly with a fixed signal matrix G as the moving 30 to 50-year window is stepped through the available record.
Studies with time-varying patterns allow the shape of the signals, as well as their amplitudes, to evolve with time. Such studies come in two flavours.
The space-time approach uses enlarged signal vectors that consist of a sequence of spatial patterns representing the evolution of the signal through a short epoch. For example, Tett et al. (1999) use signal vectors composed of five spatial patterns representing a sequence of decadal means. The enlarged signal matrix G=G(t) evolves with time as the 5-decade window is moved one decade at a time. The observations are defined similarly as extended vectors containing a sequence of observed decadal mean temperature patterns. As with the fixed pattern approach, a separate model is fitted for each 5-decade window so that the evolution of the signal amplitudes can be studied.
The space-frequency approach (North et al., 1995) uses annual mean signal patterns that evolve throughout the analysis period. A Fourier transform is used to map the temporal variation of each signal into the frequency domain. Only the low-frequency Fourier coefficients representing decadal-scale variability are retained and gathered into a signal vector. The observations are similarly transformed. The selection of time-scales that is effected by retaining only certain Fourier coefficients is a form of dimension reduction (see Dimension Reduction, Appendix 12.4) in the time domain. This is coupled with spatial dimension reduction that must also be performed. The result approximates the dimension reduction that is obtained by projecting observations in space and time on low order space-time EOFs (North et al., 1995). A further variation on this theme is obtained by increasing the time resolution of the signals and the data by using monthly rather than annual means. Climate statistics, including means, variances and covariances, have annual cycles at this time resolution, and thus dimension reduction must be performed with cyclo-stationary space-time EOFs (Kim and Wu, 2000).
Given the same amount of data to estimate covariance matrices, the space-time and space-frequency approaches will sacrifice spatial resolution for temporal resolution.
Other reports in this collection


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Previous Year | Next Year
January/February 2010 - Physician Impairment
Reaching Out to an Impaired Physician • CPT Updates for 2010 • Tools and Strategies for Improving Asthma Management • PQRI: Secrets to Success • Coding & Documentation Q&A • Practice Pearls • The More Things Change • The Power of Apology
March/April 2010 - Reducing Practice Expenses
The 12-Step Way to Reduce Practice Expenses • Documenting History in Compliance With Medicare Guidelines • A New Meeting Approach • Medicare Enrollment: Staying in the Game Even When the Rules Change • Coding Q&A • Practice Pearls • The Government's EHR Incentives • An Open Letter to Health Plans
May/June 2010 - Exam Documentation
Exam Documentation: Charting Within the Guidelines • How Health Care Reform Will Affect Family Physicians • How to Be an Efficient and Effective Preceptor • The 12-Step Way to Reduce Practice Expenses • Coding Q&A • Practice Pearls • The Medical Fee Schedule, RVUs and Employed FPs • How to Clean Up in Family Medicine
July/August 2010 - Medicare Payer Rules
Is Your Medicare Payer Playing by the Rules? • Documenting Decision Making • Strategies for Reducing Costs in Your Medical Community • EHR Satisfaction • Coding Q&A • Practice Pearls • Ideas for Improving EHR Usability • Stay Out of the "Teachers' Lounge"
September/October 2010 - Medical Home Progress Report
The PCMH: Still a Work in Progress • ICD-9 Update for 2011 • A Physician's Guide to the EHR Incentive Programs • Health Coaching for Patients With Chronic Illness • Coding & Documentation Q&A • Practice Pearls • Five Ways to Improve Access to Care
November/December 2010 - Practice Efficiency
Common Inefficiencies in Office Practice • Successful EHR Implementation: Attitude Is Everything • Before You Sign That Office Lease • Controlled Substance Refills • Coding & Documentation Q&A • Practice Pearls • ACO and PCMH • What a Patient's Numbers Don't Tell
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text: Before they were leveled, Aptos' Post Office Jumps were practically in our backyard. It was there that we carved out and perfected many of our designs, but today, Nicholi Rogatkin and Martin Söderström put our BMX & Slopestyle gear to the test on a global level. We're constantly striving to provide the best possible bikes to get you lifted and back down to earth safely.


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do you really think that they're going to show the exact house in question on the show.
Why show someone elses home, viewers will then attempt to locate that one
My Name is Jason Blakeman (Delaney) of Not of This World Paranormal. I reside in Ansonia CT. My fathers name is Gary Richard Delaney. The women fetured on the "Hell House" episode are related to me. Bonnie Beckwith (Maiden name Thorton, married my father and took Delaney, then he passed away in 1995) is my step mother. Her daughters are Jamie and Jennifer Thorton, my step sisters.
Yes the house shown is the real house. It is on Derby Neck Rd. In Derby Connecticut. Its isnt hard to find. If I can answer any questions please feel free to ask.
Not of This World (Col. 2:8)
Jason Blakeman
While on Derby Neck Rd., I didnt see a house that resembled the white one, with grn shutters, with
the 3 small dormer windows on top floor, There is an old farm house across from the barn that looks like it has been painted in 60 yrs and a much newer one with alot of windows and a brick front-
just wanted to drive past it ( will probably be spooked for a night or so) Thanks Jason for any help


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Baggage Services
Long distance walking is a real pleasure, especially if you don't have to carry a heavy bag. Any of the companies listed here will arrange to move your bags from your overnight accommodation to the next stop. So you don't have to worry about how much you pack!
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Plan your visit using our Interactive Map.
Where to stay, great days out & lots to do!


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The customized trucks well fitted with an FM/AM/SW radio with two speakers, radio antenna, digital clock in the driver's cabin have each a sitting capacity of nine. They are also fitted with a fridge and charging systems for digital cameras and mobile phone sets, let alone a removable Tracker suit which can be fixed on the bonnet.
According to the UWA Business Development Manager (BDM) Mr. Stephen Masaba, "we expect delivery of 5 night game drives to be used to enhance tourism experience within the parks. The batch of the first two is ready to be handed to Queen Elizabeth National Park and Murchison Falls National Park respectively. The rest will be received by end of year".
Plans are underway to publically launch the vehicles in the selected national parks any time in November in time for the forthcoming festive season.
Adds Mr. Masaba, "The launch of the night game drives in the PAs will be one of the ways in which we plan to enhance visitor experience during park visits but also generate extra revenue through additional engagement in the night to view rare nocturnal wildlife species. It is expected to attract a specialist safari niche".
The open vehicles which are covered on top provide a better chance for good visibility at night when compared to covered vehicles. They will be fitted with spotlights. Night game drives are conducted at night from an open game drive vehicle with the aid of a powerful searchlight.
Although plenty of game is seen during the day, a night safari gives an entirely different perspective of the park. You can see some animals that are nocturnal, such as leopard, hyena, hippo, porcupine, genets, civets, bush babies, various reptiles, owls and night jars.
The night game drive is also an experience for the senses; listening to the night sounds and learning more about the African stars.
The activities will be piloted in Queen Elizabeth National Park and Murchison Falls National parks but later will extend to Lake Mburo National Park and Kidepo. Other parks will be considered as and when an evaluation and feasibility of their operations is assessed.
The night game drives will entail a Sundowner experience where visitors will be driven to designated picnic or view points and remain in this area, the night game drive itself, where visitors will be driven along specified routes in a vehicle fitted with a powerful spot light to enhance their view and sighting.
Other experiences will include a night Bush-life experience: For the adventurous, a night bush-life experience can be arranged. The lodge owner in consultation with park management will drive visitors to an open place in the bush for an early bush dinner. Then the night game drive and star gazing will begin en route to the lodge.
Visitors may be driven back to the lodge at 20:00hrs or do a night game drive before returning to the lodge later by 2200 hrs. Night game drives may be Ordinary (short) night game drive or Exclusive (long) night game drives that links with boat cruise or include bush dinner.
The night game drives will cost $40 per person for Foreigners and UGX 40,000 for the East Africans while the day game drives will cost USD 30 for foreigners and UG 30,000 shillings for East Africans.


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How to factory reset ARCHOS 40b Titanium? How to wipe all data in ARCHOS 40b Titanium? How to bypass screen lock in ARCHOS 40b Titanium? How to restore defaults in ARCHOS 40b Titanium?
The following tutorial shows all method of master reset ARCHOS 40b Titanium. Check out how to accomplish hard reset by hardware keys and Android 4.2 Jelly Bean settings. As a result your ARCHOS 40b Titanium will be as new and your MediaTek MT6572 core will run faster.
How to Hard Reset ARCHOS 45c Helium 4G - Factory Reset Instructions - video
How to Hard Reset in ARCHOS 45c Helium 4G - Bypass Screen Lock - video


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Not much to say about this outfit as its pretty basic and to be honest I've been wearing my dressing gown over it as I've been so ridiculously cold. I decided to just throw on a jumper thrown over my current favourite dress and a collar. I bought it off ebay a while ago and they're good for jazzing up a plain jumper or top. I did my hair with the Enrapture Totem Styler, which is absolutely amazing. Im always skeptical about things that do the freebie rounds on blogs but its honestly lovely!
I'm wearing the foundation that I got given at the Estee Lauder event, Invisible Fluid Makeup, Its surprisingly good for a low coverage foundation, very buildable and SO light on the skin. It feels amazing after being a Double Wear girl for so long. I'll do a review of it once I've tried it a few more times, but it photographs beautifully plus Its semi-matte but still very luminous! Going shopping tonight with my flatmates, I have a dress I'm planning to wear out but I'm having second thoughts so hopefully I find one tonight. Im thinking the concessions part of Topshop, fingers crossed!


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With the millions of dollars being spent to educate our young people, it makes sense that decision-making data be available to district leaders, school leaders, and state leaders regarding where our resource dollars are being spent.
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Spot On Square Spot On Square Hiya Crib End Panels -White
The Hiya Collection conveys an elegantly simplistic purity with its soft edge treatment, making it an excellent choice for kids and adults. Painted with a non-toxic water based finish over an eco-friendly, green grade MDF made from 100% recycled content. The collection is available in a crisp, all white finish, white/FSC certified 10 ply Birch plywood or white with a rich walnut stained Birch.
- Produced in a FSC certified factory
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The Hiya Crib conveys an elegantly simplistic purity with its soft edge treatment making it an excellent choice for the nursery. Made with eco-friendly, green grade MDF comprised of 100% recycled/reclaimed wood in a bright white non-toxic finish, UV cured finish. Head/foot boards offered in crisp, all white painted finish, a beautiful FSC certified10 ply birch plywood or a rich walnut stained Birch. The adjustable platform can be moved into three different positions to grow with your baby. Toddler daybed conversion available. Assembly required.
Dimensions: 29.5" D x 53.5" W x 37" H
Weight: 130 Lbs


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Prom 44: Cage, Ligeti and all
From ticking metronomes to the sounds of silence
After the tidal wave of artistic mediocrity that was the Olympics closing ceremony, what a relief to witness genius, unadorned. The focus of the London Sinfonietta's inspired Late Night Prom was on men and machines, but in each case the composer's spirit had pierced through the technology and delivered a unique existential insight.
Ligeti's ticking metronomes in Poème symphonique may start off sounding as if someone forgot to switch off the air-conditioning, but as they gradually falter we find ourselves gripped by a huddle of metronomes who've survived the onslaught and creak lopsidedly towards silence. Ligeti knew what it was to survive: his message is clear. Morever, this, most apparently cerebral of experiments, was in fact inspired by a childhood tale of a house full of ticking clocks, an atmosphere eerily evoked even in Albert Hall.
Jonathan Harvey's Mortuos plango, vivos voco (1980) is one of the most beautiful artworks to emerge from the IRCAM institute in Paris: from out of the immersive, unearthly tolling bell with its 33 overtones, his son's treble voice skittered around the hall like some angelic haunting. Given Harvey's own failing health, there was something almost unbearably poignant about Sound Intermedia's realisation in the dimmed hall: it's a work that hovers between the living and the dead.
A spry Louis Andriessen came on stage to introduce his own time experiment, Der Snelheid (Velocity) in which two woodblock players inexorably speed up in the midst of three distinct orchestral groups, the whole underpinned by the unchanging beat of bass drum and tom toms. Like Ligeti's piece in reverse, it's a compelling live drama, and the London Sinfonietta and players from their Academy, gave it their best shot, though conductor André de Ridder never managed to put a spring in its step.
Two composers fascinated by the dynamic tension between instrument and musician were Berio and Xenakis, represented in two powerful virtuosic pieces. Trombonist Byron Fulcher, dressed as Grock the clown, gave a bravura performance of Berio's extraordinary Sequenza V, blowing, singing and speaking his way through a drama of sad, almost surreal, enchantment. You could feel the sheer force of Xenakis's personality in the Sinfonietta's intensely committed performance of Phlegra (1975). Constructed of sinewy sonic lengths, coalescing into broader sheets with semi- and quarter-tones, contrasted with pulsing wind scales, the whole is driven by untrammelled energy.
Finally came John Cage's 4'33", his meditation on – well, noise, really. Exhibitionists in the hall indulged in some unconvincing antiphonal coughing. Not one mobile phone rang, and the silence, when it came, was of that rapt quality only a Proms audience can achieve.
It was a shame that this hallowed moment was broken by the whirring of an almost inaudible 'live remix' by Matthew Herbert, and a planned flash-mob texting cacophony which amounted to a smatter of faint beeps. The whole message of this concert was that if you have an idea, take it to its ultimate conclusion: after a parade of visionary giants, this was no place for small-time mash-ups.
- Article Type: | Blog |


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This natural home made moisturizer is one of old grand ma remedy which is rarely known to people. This lotion suits all skin type and is quite easy to make. It lightens complexion, make skin soft and prolong use of this lotion even slower the hair growth . Some of my friends told me that it even removed their skin spots .You can use it as a night lotion and see your skin glowing within 15 days. The effect of this lotion is long lasting.
Also if you start using it at the age of 14-15 then you will not face much of skin problem in your youth. So all those mom who do not want their daughter to indulge in chemicals before they turn 18 should make this lotion for their daughters. This lotion even delays wrinkles. It's basically a miracle recipe for beauty.
Only thing which you have to keep in mind is that make sure you are not allergic to lemon, rose essence (gulab jal) and glycerin .Lemon generally doesn't suit many girls. Rest two things suit almost every one.
1.Take around 9-10 lemon and squeeze them in a bowl.I have taken 9-10 lemon to make at least 2 month lotion which I will use daily.
2.Filter the juice with the help of a sieve in another pan so that all the lemon seeds can be removed.
3.Now take 500ml bottle of rose essense(gulab jal) and add it into the mixture.
4.Take 500 ml of glycerin bottle (available in any medical store) and add around 400 ml into the moisture.If you have dry skin then you can add whole of 500 ml quantity.
6.Mix the lotion and store it in any bottle.
In summers store in the mixture in fridge so that when ever you apply it on your body it will give you fresh feeling.If you feel its sticky on your skin then you can add more rose essence into it.Similarly you can reduce glycerin quantity if it feels oily or you can add more rose essence.
In winters add olive oil into it and apply it on your skin.If you are in those who just can't resist their favourate mositruizer then you can apply this lotion at night on your body and face and massage it up a bit before going to the bed.
Don't use this mixture before applying any make up as you might feel sticky.So for day application you can use your regular moisturizer for your face and at night you can use this lotion.You can apply it on your body any time.Lotion wont have any smell and can be stored till three months.
This lotion does enhances complexion but won't make you kareena kapoor if you have kajol like complexion.Of course it lighten your complexion 2-3 shades.


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Tropical Tan has 3 convenient locations in Maryland to serve you in Howard County, Baltimore County and Prince Georges County MD. At all 3 locations, our friendly staff is dedicated to making your tanning experience as relaxing and comfortable as possible.
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