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Winter. Snow. Patriotism. Hockey. Sidney Crosby.
It was a day that had a little bit of everything – an electric crowd of more than 71,000 fans at Buffalo's Ralph Wilson Stadium, lots of snow and some great end-to-end hockey.
The memories will last forever because this wasn't a game. It was an event treated as if were the Super Bowl of hockey. To cap it off, the NHL got its Hollywood finish: Sidney Crosby pumping his fists and celebrating his game-winning, shootout goal, the one sent to the Penguins to a 2-1 victory.
Sidney Crosby is believed by many to have innate talent comparable to that of Wayne Gretzky and one day may break Gretzky's NHL scoring records, an assessment that has led to the nickname, The Next One.
The Winter Classic was a memorable event and for many, a once-in-a-lifetime experience. This poster celebrates that great day at the rink with absolute perfection. Do not miss your chance of adding this one to your collection. And also in stock, "Winter Classic Panorama":


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A weathered Sheriff returns to the remains of an accident he has spent a lifetime trying to forget. With each step forward, the memories come flooding back. Faced with his mistake once again, he must find the strength to carry on.
"Borrowed Time" is an animated short film, directed by Andrew Coats & Lou Hamou-Lhadj, and produced by Amanda Deering Jones. Music by Academy Award winner Gustavo Santaolalla.
Watch our featurette "Why We Made Borrowed Time:" https://vimeo.com/187281621

subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday School – 10:00 am
Worship Service – 11:00 am
Bible Study – 12:15 pm
Wednesday Bible Study - 6:30 pm
12859 Martin Road Spur
Northport, AL 35473
Watering the Tulips
February 10, 2016
"The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind, 'You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.'" – Psalms 110:4
The Old Testament has exactly 4 verses that pertain to Melchizedek. Only here in Psalms do we read of this "order" of priest. Yet, in these few verses, we find a wonderful picture of the superiority of the priesthood of Jesus over the priesthood under the old covenant.
The Jews seemed to have the idea that the Levitical priesthood was a permanent establishment despite the clear declaration by the Psalmist that the Messiah would be a priest from a different order. Certainly, the writer of Hebrews knew this. He spends the entire 7th chapter explaining the superiority of the order of Melchizedek over the Aaronic order and how this related to Jesus.
It seems the writer reminds his Jewish readers immediately that Melchizedek was both king and priest (Hebrews 7:1). This point alone makes this order superior to that of Aaron. Aaron was never a king. In fact, the priesthood was subject to the king (at least in a civil sense). Even the name of this Melchizedek, when translated, means "king of righteousness" (Hebrews 7:2). He was king of Salem, which means "peace". So, this "priest of the Most High God" was both king of righteousness and king of peace. These are two qualities that the Aaronic priesthood never had. Never once did the old covenant bring righteousness or peace. Certainly, it pointed forth to it. But it wasn't until Jesus came that these were made a reality.
The writer of Hebrews continues to show the superiority of this order to that of the old covenant by reminding his Jewish readers that Abraham paid tithes to this man and was even blessed by him. "It is beyond dispute that the inferior is blessed by the superior" (Hebrews 7:7). If Melchizedek was superior to Abraham, then he was superior to Abraham's entire posterity.
Perhaps the most critical point relative to our understanding of this subject is that the Levitical priests were unable to perfect their work (Hebrews 7:11). Though the Levitical priesthood was established by God so that men could approach Him, it was never made possible under the old system. The presence of God was blocked off by a veil in the Tabernacle (and later the Temple). Only the priest was allowed to go behind the veil and then only once a year. He was not allowed to take anybody with him – not his family members or even his best friend. As long as the old system was in place, complete fellowship with God was cut off. So the old priesthood was "set aside because of its weakness and uselessness" (Hebrews 7:18). It was replaced (by design) by a priest from the order of Melchizedek – Jesus. This was always God's purpose as our text verse clearly shows.
Dear reader, Jesus is the only Way to God (John 14:6). He alone stands between men and God. Only is Jesus is the veil removed and access to God opened up (Mark 15:38). Do you know Him? Is He alone your confidence and hope?
Watering the Tulips is brought to you by Sovereign Grace Baptist Church in Northport, AL. For more information, please visit www.sovereigngrace.net . "Your App to the Gospel" can be downloaded at iTunes for iPhone, iPad and IPod Touch, Google Play for Android, the Windows Phone Marketplace, and the Windows Store for Windows 8/8.1 based tablets and computers. Please download it today!


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Address:101-450 BroadwayWinnipeg, MB, R3C 0V8
Phone:(204) 945-8628
Working Days/Hours:Mon - Fri / 10:00AM - 4:00PMOther days and times by appointment
Opened in 2009, the Golden Boy Gift Shop is working to promote the local heritage and the unique culture of Manitoba by offering Manitoba-made giftware, souvenir and protocol gifts, custom made for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and original pieces from our local artists and artisans. Browse our ever-changing inventory of educational resources, glassware, jewelry, clothing, ornaments, stationery, specialty items and photo cards of our beautiful building. Visa, MasterCard, Debit and cash gladly accepted.
The shop is located on the first floor of the Legislative building, across from the front security kiosk and is wheelchair accessible.
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Web Site Privacy Policy
Barnabas Fund will endeavour to safeguard the privacy of its website visitors. This document explains the website data processing practice.
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We will collect personal details appropriate to the service you require. In some areas, this may simply mean registering your name, address and email details. Other on-line forms will require more information.
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There are various reasons that we need to collect personal data. For example, we may need your contact details for correspondence purposes for product ordering etc. Subject to your prior consent, we may send you news updates or action requests. In any event, we will only ever ask for information that is absolutely necessary and does not constitute an invasion of privacy.
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We share information between Barnabas Fund organisations. We will never knowingly share your information with any other third party.
Please note that in agreeing to share these details you have not forfeited your rights as prescribed under the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Barnabas Fund will continue to apply the same level of care to safeguard your privacy as we always have done. Your service entitlement from the Barnabas Fund will not be affected should you decide not to allow your data to be shared in this way.
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Cookies are used on this site to remember user preferences such as display properties and language preferences. Also if you complete our online registration process, or subsequently login to the site, we will use cookies to remember your preferences during your current visit, and any future visits provided the cookie was not deleted in the interim. Cookies can be deleted at the end of each visit by logging out of the site. Your browser help text will contain information about how to refuse cookies from our site should you wish. Refusing cookies from our site may affect your ability to perform online transactions and some other website functions may not act as expected.
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"If you can't be there to give a hug in person, this colorful bouquet is the next best thing! Crafted by our expert florists from the freshest roses, lilies and sunflowers in a classic cylinder vase, its beauty and charm will help you express yourself perfectly, no matter how far apart you are. And due to its popularity, this crowd-pleaser now comes in an extra large size!
• Our florists hand-design each arrangement, so colors, varieties, and container may vary due to local availability
• All-around arrangement of hot pink roses and carnations, orange Asiatic lilies, orange Peruvian lilies (alstroemeria), Athos poms, medium sunflowers, lavender stock, and variegated pittosporum
• Lilies may arrive in bud form and will open to full beauty over the next 2-3 days
• Artistically designed in an elegant glass cylinder vase; measures 6""H
• Extra large arrangement measures approximately 14""H x 14""L
• Large arrangement measures approximately 13""H x 13""L
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Box of Assorted Chocolates.
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18" Thank You Mylar Balloon. Styles may vary.


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Wait, Who Wants A Proprietary, Locked Down Device That Limits What You Can Do?
from the why-are-you-buying-an-ipad? deptI honestly didn't have very much to say about Apple's introduction of the iPad, which seems like something of a non-event, really. However, it's fascinating to see some, such as Nick Carr, react to the device by suggesting that it's the beginning of the end of the "PC era" in favor of specialized proprietary devices that allow companies to lock things down, act as gatekeepers and, perhaps more importantly, tollbooths:
The transformation in the nature of computing has turned the old-style PC into a dinosaur. A bulky screen attached to a bulky keyboard no longer fits with the kinds of things we want to do with our computers. The obsolescence of the PC has spurred demand for a new kind of device -- portable, flexible, always connected -- that takes computing into the cloud era.While it's true that all of those offerings exist, with some being more successful than others, I still wonder how sustainable most of those really are in the long term. We've said before that limited, locked-down proprietary solutions often win early on, but over time they quite often get surpassed by more open offerings. This isn't always true, but it does happen quite frequently. The locked down offerings may be better initially due to a benevolent dictator -- and the open solutions may be quite messy at first due to the design-by-committee nature of the crowd, but over time the crowd gets better (or, more accurately, those who are better within the crowd begin to shine and take over), while the benevolent dictator has trouble keeping up.
Suddenly, in other words, the tablet is a solution to a problem everyone has. Or at least it's one possible solution. The computing market is now filled with all sorts of networked devices, each seeking to fill a lucrative niche. There are dozens of netbooks, the diminutive cousins to traditional laptops, from manufacturers like Acer and Asus. There are e-readers like Amazon's Kindle and Barnes & Noble's Nook. There are smartphones like Apple's iPhone and Google's Nexus One. There are gaming consoles like Sony's Wii and the Microsoft's Xbox. In some ways, personal computing has returned to the ferment of its earliest days, when the market was fragmented among lots of contending companies, operating systems, and technical standards.
Instead, I think Tim Lee's analysis of the iPad makes a lot more sense, noting that Apple is making a mistake in simply trying to funnel people into a proprietary setup with a tollbooth and controls:
The [iPhone App] store is an unnecessary bottleneck in the app development process that limits the functionality of iPhone applications and discourages developers from adopting the platform. Apple has apparently chosen to extend this policy--as opposed to the more open Mac OS X policy--to the iPad.Furthermore, the same two pieces seem to differ on the ability of Apple to really significantly create such a world where Apple gets to act as the tollbooth for all content. Carr notes:
With the iPhone, you could at least make the argument that its restrictive application approval rules guaranteed the reliability of the iPhone in the face of tight technical constraints. The decision not to allow third-party apps to multitask, for example, ensures that a misbehaving app won't drain your iPhone's battery while it runs in the background. And the approval process makes it less likely that a application crash could interfere with the core telephone functionality.
But these considerations don't seem to apply to the iPad. Apple is attempting to pioneer a new product category, which suggests that reliability is relatively less important and experimentation more so. If a misbehaving application drains your iPad battery faster than you expected, so what? If you're reading an e-book on your living room couch, you probably have a charger nearby. And it's not like you're going to become stranded if your iPad runs out of batteries the way you might without your phone. On the other hand, if the iPad is to succeed, someone is going to have to come up with a "killer app" for it. There's a real risk that potential developers will be dissuaded by Apple's capricious and irritating approval process.
Today, Jobs's ambitions are grander than ever. His overriding goal is to establish his company as the major conduit, and toll collector, between the media cloud and the networked computer. Jobs doesn't just want to produce glamorous gizmos. He wants to be the impresario of all media.Which suggests a rather forward thinking position of Jobs. Lee, on the other hand, sees it in exactly the opposite manner:
Apple seems determined to replicate the 20th century business model of paying for copies of content in an age where those copies have a marginal cost of zero. Analysts often point to the strategy as a success, but I think this is a misreading of the last decade. The parts of the iTunes store that have had the most success--music and apps--are tied to devices that are strong products in their own right. Recall that the iPod was introduced 18 months before the iTunes Store, and that the iPhone had no app store for its first year. In contrast, the Apple TV, which is basically limited to only playing content purchased from the iTunes Store, has been a conspicuous failure. People don't buy iPods and iPhones in order to use the iTunes store. They buy from the iTunes store because it's an easy way to get stuff onto their iPods and iPhones.Certainly, both Carr and Lee seem to agree about Jobs' ambitions and plans over the iPad, but where they seem to differ is the likelihood of it actually happening in any real way. If I could bet on either prediction, I'd go with Lee's.
Filed Under: ipad, open, proprietary, tollbooth
Companies: apple


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Turned bun feet and antique pewter bronze hardware add sophistication to this chest of drawers. With a beautiful transitional look and five storage drawers for clothing and more, this handy bedroom storage piece will be used for years to come in your son or daughter's bedroom. An added touch that makes this chest a pleasure to use is the felt-lined top drawer. For durability, drawers include French and English dovetail construction with dust proofing on the bottom case.
The Abbott Ridge Youth Bedroom 5 Drawer Chest by Liberty Furniture at AHFA in the area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
The Abbott Ridge Youth Bedroom collection presents versatile transitional style perfect for a girl's bedroom or a boy's bedroom. It draws on classic elements of the turned bun feet, crown undertop molding, and warm cinnamon finish are appealing at any age - from child to teen to even adult. Quality construction features include poplar solids and birch veneer construction, drawers built with French and English dovetail construction for lasting strength and felt-lined top drawers. For safety, all items are CSPC compliant, include anti-tip restraints, and softened edges to protect against soft corners.
The Abbott Ridge Youth Bedroom collection is a great option if you are looking for Transitional furniture in the area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
This item has been tagged as: Chests, Storage Chest, Toy Chest, Chest of Drawers, Hope Chest, Drawer Chest, Dresser, Bureau, Furniture, Bedroom Furniture, Bedroom Accent Furniture, Clothing Storage, Gentlemen's Chest, Cabinet, Commode, Trunk, Small Cabinet, Furniture with Drawers, Storage Furniture
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The two do not go together. Trust me.
First things, first: My Friday column is about texting while driving. Do I really need to tell you it's a bd practice? And I swear I'm not just asking 'cause Oprah says it ain't right. Seriously. I'd have said so anyway. For reals!
Anyway, researchers at the University of Utah say texting and talking on cell phones can cause drivers to be as distracted as if they were legally drunk.
More than 500,000 people are injured and 6,000 killed each year in car accidents involving a driver who was texting while behind the wheel.
I confess, I've done it waaaaaay too many times. And I'm fortunate I didn't kill someone or myself. I've stopped, unless I'm at a red light or in a parking lot, or stopped somewhere else. No more texting in moving traffic for me.
In fact, I'm not sure I should even talk on my cell phone in the car. Yeah, I have speakerphone, headsets, etc., but I can't tell you how many times I've gotten so engrossed in a conversation that I've arrived at Point B not even remembering a single detail of the commute from Point A. I'll have to think about cutting back on or cutting out the cell talking while driving too.
So the Florida Legislature had a chance to vote in committee this week on a bill that would ban texting while driving in the Sunshine State. Instead the bill died before a vote, 'cause one lawmaker decided it was silly to go after texting without also going after other behaviors distracting to drivers. In theory she's right. But why not start with texting and work on banning those other things later?
You can read the full text of my Friday column here.
On to my pipes: You can hear me and colleagues discuss this, Gov. Charlie Crist's ditching of the GOP, and other topics from noon - 1 p.m. today - Friday - at wlrn.org, or if you're in South Florida, at 91.3 FM.
PS. Follow me, please, at twitter.com/jamesburnett.


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Leaving the field: video memories
13 November 2012 at 15:00 oliviaforkiva 1 comment
Olivia Hanrahan-Soar | KF18 | Zambia and South Africa
I've been dragging my feet a bit on finishing my Fellowship. The rest of my class seem to have moved on, returned home to graduate school or set off for new exciting opportunities, but I haven't been able to let go of South Africa. Last week I finished my final project: a Google Hangout, broadcast live on G+ and YouTube, intended to link up Kiva student borrowers at my field partner and a couple of their own, personal, Kiva lenders. You can watch the full video here, and the highlights reel here.
The Hangout connected five different laptops around the world: in Johannesburg, we had two student borrowers at the Maharishi Institute, Portia and Mamello, and the Institute's CEO, Taddy Blecher. In San Francisco, we had Matt Flannery, Kiva's CEO; we were also joined by two Kiva lenders from Providence, RI and Los Altos, CA, and finally a Kiva staff member and Maharishi lender in Nairobi. Stanford, our lender in Providence, had lent $25 to Portia; Ravi, or Los Altos lender, had generously made loans to both Portia and Mamello. Topics of discussion included the girls' hopes and plans for the future, their inspirations, Kiva's role in education loans, economic issues in South Africa and even how to go about ensnaring a job at Kiva!
As a former Google employee, I'm occasionally accused of being an evangelist for the company. This may be true, but I don't think I was sneakily fed any Kool Aid during my time there. Hangouts really just are an awesome product, and Kiva makes a great use case for them- how better to work a multi-user video platform than to connect Kiva borrowers and lenders from all over the world? Even better, we can broadcast our Hangout live on YouTube, allowing Kiva lenders from everywhere to watch the conversation and comment. As a tech company itself, it seems natural for Kiva to adopt this new product to help facilitate deeper Kiva connections. I'd definitely encourage future Fellows to make use of the platform.
I'm very glad to have a video reminder of my Kiva Fellowship, which I can watch in years to come when I am very old and no longer able to travel around the world and do things like microlight over the Victoria Falls or go white-water rafting on the Nile. For me, one of the best things about a Kiva Fellowship is how it can surprise you: I ended up falling in love with my fellowship city, and am feeling a little bit miserable about letting it go. I'm now embarrassed to admit this, but I was slightly terrified when I found out my fellowship was to be based in Johannesburg, South Africa. I remember very clearly getting the email: I immediately started sending messages frantically to our Kiva Fellows Coordinator asking if he really thought it was a good idea for me to go there, and downloading Louis Theroux's 'Law and Disorder in Johannesburg' on iTunes (if you're thinking of visiting the city: don't do this.)
As it turned out, though, this city isn't nearly as scary as I'd anticipated. I have, on occasion, missed being able to drive with my doors unlocked or walk around on the street at night (in some cases, even during the day), and having my car break down at a traffic light here may well have been the most terrifying experience of my life, but, this city is unusual, different, vibrant and exciting. This brilliant Coldplay video was filmed in Jo'burg: when I watched it some months ago while I was in Western Europe and it was raining, I started daydreaming about escaping. Not many people dream of escaping to Johannesburg, but hey, it worked for me.
Olivia was a Fellow in KF18, based in Zambia and South Africa. She now lives and works in Sydney, Australia. There are fewer giraffes in Sydney than Johannesburg, but there is quite a good zoo, so she thinks it'll be alright. Apply to be a Fellow here!
Entry filed under: Uncategorized.


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Hi - I have an older 500gig external hard drive. The power adater (if that's the best word for it) has a round 4-pin plug - I think it's called a DIN plug. Basically I need a new one ... but I can't find anything quite like it and I don't really know what to ask for. Photos below should make it clear.
thanks for your help.


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On December 19, 2012, Olivia Culpo of Cranston, Rhode Island, won the title of Miss Universe 2012 bringing the most coveted crown back to the USA after 15 years. It's been a whirlwind for this 21-year old beauty who won the titles of Miss Rhode Island USA, Miss USA and Miss Universe within 15 months.
Olivia serves as a spokeswoman for HIV/AIDS Awareness and advocates for organizations such as God's Love We Deliver, YouthAIDS PSI, among others.
Down-to-earth and approachable, Olivia is passionate about her family. She may wear the biggest crown now but this wasn't always the case for this middle child of five. Olivia plans to use the Miss Universe platform to pursue an entertainment career.


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Speak to me, people!!
Who are you? Stop horsing around for a minute and give me some clues. Please? If the handsome patriarch in the middle would only tell me his name. I know he's my ancestor, I just know. Which one is his wife? And who is the lady in widow's weeds off to his right? Are those Manitoba trees I see in the background? Some of the family resemblances are very strong. What year is this? It's making me crazy!
27 June 2009
Family Picnic
Labels: photo unknown
2 comments:
- Steve Danko said...
LOL! Sometimes I talk to myself, Brenda, but I've never, ever spoken to a photograph!
- Wednesday, 01 July, 2009
- Kiril The Mad Macedonian said...
LOL! I know the feeling! ;-D
I have a ton of Photos of my Dads relations, from Macedonia, with writing on the backs in a language i can't read, so I have not clue as to who is who, and then I have more brick walls than I know what to do with on several branches of my Mothers KY & IN Trees. ;-D
- Sunday, 12 July, 2009
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Women's Sports Top Running Jacket Fitness Breathable Long Sleeve Yoga Shirt
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Do you strive to add a very beautifully designed twist of color to your wardrobe? Then, try this cute yoga shirt. Keep the rest of your look simple and let this yoga tunic top do all the talking. The best choice for improving your elegance to the next level. Also, the noteworthy pretty cool design will make your heart flutter. Further, the eye-popping tint is a fresh take on sports style wear right in time for every season. Find an astounding design that inspires you and redefines your fashion horizon.
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That "glamorous pirate" Lord Gillingham is working on some sort of Guinness World Record of pursuit here.
I'd be weirded out a bit if Tony wasn't more likeable. He's proper, but not insufferable. And doesn't get drunk easily like Sir John "Dimples" Bullock. And Mary is clearly a catch -- she has the looks, the property and side-saddle riding abilities.
But compared with Matthew Crawley's epic 147-year courtship of Mary, Lord Gillingham's unexpected marriage proposal seems pretty jarring. Credit Tony for going after something that he wants (and he comes across as genuine about it), but really -- dude just got reacquainted with Mary very recently after barely knowing each other in childhood.
In the episode's beginning, Gillingham and the rest of the Weekend Dinner Party of Dramatic Consequences head home and he pushes again for another date with Mary. She refuses in a super demur way that lets the audience know "yeah, this is probably going to happen at some point or dragged out through multiple seasons."
Later, on a Downton business trip to London with Branson and Rose, Mary encounters Gillingham again -- and by "encounters" I mean Mary's aunt, Rosamund, finds a way to invite him an outing at a jazz club.
(Side note: Did you know that Rosamund's last name is "Painswick." It's all very Dickensian, as though she's some sort of hardened child labor overseer in a novel).
Back at Downton, Mary is surprised by Gillingham again when he drops by the house. Turns out he was also traveling on the train back to Downton that Mary took, but he remained in third class (how slumming it of him) because he wanted to talk privately with her.
"Will you marry me?" he sort of blurts out as the two talk in the library.
"Tony, you don't know me," is Mary's rational response.
At first, I was in disbelief at this scene, but oddly as it progresses it gets more plausible. Tony says he "likes" his intended bride, Mabel, and that he "could come to love her" but that he's not in love with Mabel as he is with Mary. That was some dinner party!
But you pretty much trust Gillingham here -- he doesn't seem to have any hidden agenda. You believe him.
My favorite quote from this interaction is when Gillingham says "Look, I never met Matthew, but I'm sure he was a splendid chap. But he's dead and I'm alive."
I mean true, but perhaps calling your love's recently dead husband and father of her baby a "splendid chap" is not the best choice of words. Kind of funny, but super-reservedly British.
Gillingham spends the night at Downton and gives Mary some time to think about, you know, her future. All he wants is some assurance that AT SOME POINT Mary will marry him. It can be two, three years from now, he says. He will wait, which is pretty romantic and sad at the same time.
Walking the grounds alone, Gillingham pushes Mary for an answer. Mary asks him what would happen if she refuses and Gillingham says that he would be honor-bound to marry this Mabel Lane Fox character. (Side note again: Is anyone else curious about what this woman looks like? Is she the greatest heiress of the season because of her money alone, or does the woman have good qualities? Mabel Lane Fox, where are you?)
Mary's most emotional moment comes when, clearly torn about what to do, she reminds Tony that "it's no good."
"Yesterday, you said I fill your brain. Matthew fills mine. Still. I don't want to be without him. Not yet," she says.
Gillingham understands (so does the audience) and asks her one favor -- a kiss because, "I'll never love again as I love you in this moment." (Could this be the most dramatically soap-operay line ever uttered on Downton's grounds? Maybe, but it's OK).
They kiss. The music swells on cue. And we're all left wondering what will really happen with these two -- and if it's a good situation or not.
What do you think?
Go away Edna
The episode's secondary big story line involves Edna Braithwaite doing what she does best: being kind of awful. We can all agree that she's really unlikable and a solid eight out of 10 on the Thomas Barrow Conniving Scale, right?
After the last episode's regrettable indiscretion between Edna and Branson (Branson blames it on "low spirits and self-indulgence," which is the proper way of saying "I drank too much"), Edna wastes no time digging in her claws.
"Suppose I'm pregnant," she offers.
"You can't be pregnant. It's not as easy as that," Branson replies.
Actually, IT IS as easy as that, but OK. Edna has clear intentions here -- she wants to elevate her status in life and sees a forced marriage with Branson as her way into the Crawley family and Downton. She demands to know whether he will marry her if she's pregnant and says she will be a great wife, by the way.
Branson's freaking. Later, in London, he vaguely asks Mary for advice without sharing any details, and Mary, who has experience in dealing with sticky situations (one word: Pamuk) advises that he tell someone who can help.
Enter Mrs. Hughes, who agrees to assist. Hughes and Branson summon Edna, who figures that they will pay her off.
But Mrs. Hughes takes a risk. She says they won't pay her off because there is no baby (and there won't be). Without really knowing if this is the case, Hughes says that Edna would never have gotten pregnant by Branson until she knew for sure if he would agree to be with her. And if he had agreed to love her, Edna would have gotten pregnant by someone else and trap him into marriage.
Mrs. Hughes even produces a book she found in Edna's room that covers "unmarried love" and other such plans to be sneaky and awful. Edna rushes out of the room in a huff, leaves Downton the next day and Branson is seemingly in the clear. We'll see.
Anna and Bates
The most painful part of the episode (besides having to hear Edna talk) was seeing Anna emotionally wrecked by her rape -- and unable to even let her husband touch her. She doesn't walk with her husband to Downton, she is forced to sit next to her attacker, Green, at the staff table before the party guests leave, she shivers in fear when Bates tries to comfort her by touching her shoulder.
When she goes to Hughes and asks to move into the house, it's so tough. It's equally tough to hear her tell Hughes that now she feels like she's not good enough for Bates, that now "I can't let him touch me because I'm soiled," oh, and "Somehow I must have made it happen," referring to the rape.
Hughes, again, urges her to go to the police and also tell her husband what happened. Anna says that a) if she tells Bates he will kill Green and then go to the gallows and b) that if she's pregnant, she'll kill herself.
People who were so angry that the writers would "do this to the relationship of Anna and Bates," will not enjoy this episode.
Throughout the episode, Anna suffers in silence, her facial wounds still visible. Even Lady Mary and Robert notice that something is off and ask her what's wrong. She refuses to say. And in the end, she gets a room in Downton -- away from the home she was once so happy to make and share with Bates.
Introducing Jack Ross: Remember when much was made of the news that "Downton" would -- shock! -- introduce an African American character this season? Here, we meet Jack Ross, a bandleader/singer at the jazz club that Mary, Branson and Rose go to with Rosamund.
Jack saves Rose from embarassment as a drunk John Bullock ditches his dance partner to run to the bathroom to vomit. He dances with Rose to deflect attention, but instead grabs the attention of Rosamund who is positively scandalized by seeing Rose dance with a black man.
Later, back at home, Rosamund tells her: "Things have come to a pretty pass when you have to be rescued by a black bandleader." Ouch.
P.S.: What did you think of his singing? It was, uh, an acquired taste.
Edith behaving 'badly': Edith is still in so much love with Michael Gregson. Also in London, she spends the night with him (after signing papers to have some sort of power over his interests and property and such as he prepares to move to Germany -- romantic!) and is caught by Rosamund's maid after returning to her house at 6 a.m.
I'm beginning to think Rosamund needs some happiness in her life because she scolds Edith and then harshly reminds her not to trust people and that she trusted Anthony Strallan and that old guy left her at the altar. Remember that Edith!? "That was rather unkind," Edith says. Yes, rather.
Gregson's goal: He's going to write a novel in Germany because he always fancied himself a novelist. Sounds like a solid plan.
Best interaction: Hughes giving Carson a framed photo of his lost love, so he can put it on his desk. "It's good for you to be reminded that you once had a heart," she tells him. "And it will reassure the staff to know that you belong to the human race."
Carson's rules for breakfast: Be quiet and don't show joy or happiness. "I always think there's something rather foreign about high spirits at breakfast."
Best Dowager Countess line: After watching Isobel gracefully give her approval of Lord Gillingham after earlier expressing how hard it is for her to see Mary move on from her dead son: "There are moments when her virtue demands admiration."
What's Barrow up to?: He's overjoyed when Edna leaves, but seems even more excited about being able to help fill the position of her ladyship's maid for the family. To Robert, he mentions he has a candidate. Does he still want to just know everything going on upstairs and feels worried now that he won't since O'Brien is gone, or is it something more devious?
Continuing to be uninteresting: The Alfred-Jimmy-Ivy-Daisy love rectangle. In this episode, Daisy makes sure Alfred walks in on Jimmy and Ivy kissing. In related news, no one cares or in invested in any of this plot line.


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Kathy Thornton
Class of 2013
Major/Minor: Environmental Studies, History/Biology
Campus Involvement
- Major: Environmental Studies and History
- Minor: Biology
- Concentration: Chesapeake Regional Studies
- Douglass Cater Society of Junior Fellows
- Summer Research 2011: The Effects of Fluoxetine on the Startle Response and Exploratory Behavior of Zebrafish
- Phi Beta Kappa
- Frederick Douglass Fellowship Spring 2011
- Chesapeake Semester 2010
- C.V. Starr Student Associate
- Center for the Environment and Society Intern - working with CES to develop an environmental leadership program for emerging professionals in Maryland
- Co-President of the Student Environmental Alliance
- Habitat for Humanity
Rapa Nui: Contentious Collapse
Through the Cater Society of Junior Fellows, Kathy went to Easter Island, Chile to study the environmental history of Easter Island and the various theories and myths about the collapse. A focus on sustainability in the past and present allowed for a better understand the landscape, history, and culture in Easter Island.
Easter Island has always fascinated me. Easter Island is the keystone for environmental studies research and is the epitome of environmental collapse. Easter Island is famous, not only for the mo'ai, but also for the lost civilization that mysteriously disappeared, supposedly due to their overexploitation of the island's resources. The concept of overexploitation is taught in our environmental studies courses and leaves a profound mark on history, too. A portion of this project inevitably explored the environmental history of Easter Island, understanding more about the mystery of Easter Island and how that civilization came to its demise, as well as exploring whether or not this civilization was sustainably minded or not. Researching and going to Easter Island allowed me to apply my liberal arts education to change my understanding of the Rapa Nui culture and place.
The Edge: History and Ecology of Coastal Maine
In May 2012, Kathy to Mt. Desert Island, Maine to study the environmental history of the island and compare it to her studies of the environmental history of the Chesapeake.
Specifically, I wanted to understand the community ecology of Mount Desert Island itself, as well as draw connections of the environment back to the Chesapeake Bay, hoping that this would give me a new perspective on the Chesapeake Bay area. I also wanted to see how coastal Maine was impacted by or reflected in the culture and history of area. At the beginning of this project, I knew very little of Mount Desert Island, nothing more than a quick Wikipedia search or a slideshow of pictures from previous course trips. However, I did know that any area has a unique history, environmentally and demographically, and regardless of that history, it will have been influenced by the surrounding environment.
So many people ask me why history is important and how the environment and history relate to each other. To me, the connection seems so clear. The past is what makes the present significant and to understand where we are now, we need to understand where and what we came from. The environment is what drives people's actions and people's actions, likewise, leave traces in the land and water. This trip was an amazing experience and I learned so much about the environmental history and its traces in the land. Walking around, I could see the glacial grooves and valleys, striations in the rock, and remnants of old cottages that were destroyed by fire and overgrown with plants reclaiming their rightful territory. I could see the evidence of environmental and human induced history and to be able to place them in context together was really a great opportunity.
The Effects of Fluoxetine on Zebrafish
In March 2012, Kathy traveled to San Francisco, California to present her research on the effects of fluoxetine on the behavior of zebrafish at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology.
This past spring break, I had a wonderful opportunity to present my 2011 summer research at the 51st Annual Meeting for the Society of Toxicology in San Francisco, California. As a freshman, I was lucky enough to be accepted as a Hodson Science Fellow, which insured me a summer internship in a science. As a result, from May to August 2011, I worked with Dr. Martin Connaughton studying the effects of Prozac on the startle behavior and exploratory behavior of zebrafish. The experimental process itself was completely transforming and I learning so much about questioning what I saw and developing a solution to the many problems that arose. My experience continued, however, when our abstract was accepted by the Society of Toxicology and we were scheduled to give a poster session. I had never been to a conference before and I was a little anxious because toxicology was not really my field of study, although our study had a connection to environmental toxicology. With our abstract accepted, the Cater Society made my trip to San Francisco possible. My goals for this presentation were to expand my presentation skills and my knowledge about the field of toxicology as well as to get ideas for how I can expand this research and perhaps draw stronger conclusions. We talked to a wide variety of people at the presentation, from students to toxicology experts, and we received a lot of great advice for zebrafish care and questions that triggered new experimental ideas. It was such a great experience to be able to talk to so many scientists who had come together to learn about each other's research and to ask questions, instead of just analyzing and critiquing each other's answers. My main fear was that our study would be criticized because our data was not very strong and I was an undergraduate in Environmental Studies and History, but I quickly found that all my researching the past summer and fall had really taught me a lot about the Prozac compound, zebrafish physiology and behavior, and the toxicological ramifications for the fish and the environment. This was my first grant through the Cater Society and it is an experience that I will forever draw upon as a wonderful learning experience and discovery. It really opened my eyes to the state of the field of toxicology and the fact that even an interdisciplinary liberal arts education can contribute to a heavily scientific field.
Areas Of Interest
- Environmental Science, Marine Biology, American Studies, Anthropology, American History, Environmental History, Enviornmental Restoration
Favorite Activites
Photography, reading, kayaking, hiking, running
Chesapeake Semester (Fall 2010)
Hometown and High School? Clarksville, MD/River Hill High School


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Making war on light pollution.
by David Owen AUGUST 20, 2007
In 1610, Galileo Galilei published a small book describing astronomical observations that he had made of the skies above Padua. His homemade telescopes had less magnifying and resolving power than most beginners' telescopes sold today, yet with them he made astonishing discoveries: that the moon has mountains and other topographical features; that Jupiter is orbited by satellites, which he called planets; and that the Milky Way is made up of individual stars. It may seem strange that this last observation could have surprised anyone, but in Galileo's time people assumed that the Milky Way must be some kind of continuous substance. It truly resembled a streak of spilled liquid—our word "galaxy" comes from the Greek for milk—and it was so bright that it cast shadows on the ground (as did Jupiter and Venus). Today, by contrast, most Americans are unable to see the Milky Way in the sky above the place where they live, and those who can see it are sometimes baffled by its name.
The stars have not become dimmer; rather, the Earth has become vastly brighter, so that celestial objects are harder to see. Air pollution has made the atmosphere less transparent and more reflective, and high levels of terrestrial illumination have washed out the stars overhead—a phenomenon called "sky glow." Anyone who has flown across the country on a clear night has seen the landscape ablaze with artificial lights, especially in urban areas. Today, a person standing on the observation deck of the Empire State Building on a cloudless night would be unable to discern much more than the moon, the brighter planets, and a handful of very bright stars—less than one per cent of what Galileo would have been able to see without a telescope. Amateur astronomers sometimes classify nighttime darkness on the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, which is based on a number of criteria, among them "limiting magnitude," or the brightness of the faintest celestial objects that are visible without magnification. The scale, composed of nine points, was devised in 2001 by John E. Bortle, a retired Westchester County fire chief and a monthly columnist for Sky & Telescope. "One of the problems I was addressing was that younger amateur astronomers, especially east of the Mississippi, had never seen a dark sky at all," he told me recently. "People will sometimes come up from the city and call me and say, 'John, I've found this fabulous dark site, it's totally black, you can't imagine how good it is.' So I'll go and have a look, but it's always poor. They have no comparison to work against."
In Galileo's time, nighttime skies all over the world would have merited the darkest Bortle ranking, Class 1. Today, the sky above New York City is Class 9, at the other extreme of the scale, and American suburban skies are typically Class 5, 6, or 7. The very darkest places in the continental United States today are almost never darker than Class 2, and are increasingly threatened. For someone standing on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon on a moonless night, the brightest feature of the sky is not the Milky Way but the glow of Las Vegas, a hundred and seventy-five miles away. To see skies truly comparable to those which Galileo knew, you would have to travel to such places as the Australian outback and the mountains of Peru. And civilization's assault on the stars has consequences far beyond its impact on astronomers. Excessive, poorly designed outdoor lighting wastes electricity, imperils human health and safety, disturbs natural habitats, and, increasingly, deprives many of us of a direct relationship with the nighttime sky, which throughout human history has been a powerful source of reflection, inspiration, discovery, and plain old jaw-dropping wonder.
David L. Crawford earned his Ph.D. in astronomy in 1958 and spent nearly all his professional life at Kitt Peak National Observatory, on a mountaintop fifty-six miles southwest of Tucson, Arizona. By 1970, he had noticed, with alarm, a significant decrease in astronomical visibility. Tucson was growing rapidly, and so was its sky glow. With a colleague, he persuaded the city to adopt an ordinance governing exterior lighting, and later they persuaded other Arizona cities and counties to pass similar regulations. In 1988, Crawford and another friend formed a nonprofit organization called the International Dark-Sky Association. "We're sort of a nighttime Sierra Club," he told me, during a recent visit to Tucson. He retired from Kitt Peak in 1995 and has worked full time for the I.D.A. ever since, often putting in sixty-hour workweeks. He has the complexion of a man who doesn't spend a lot of time outdoors during daylight, and speaks in the modulated tones of someone accustomed to talking while others are asleep. "We're on a mission to change the world at night," he said.
The I.D.A.'s headquarters is a warren of small offices, accommodating a dozen or so staff members and a shifting group of volunteers and researchers, around the corner from a (non-related) store that sells light fixtures. Crawford and his staff devote much of their time to proselytizing for dark-sky regulations and working with manufacturers to improve lighting products. Hanging on a wall in a conference room is a map that shows the geographical distribution of the organization's eleven thousand members. The states with the highest representation are California (fifteen hundred and thirty), Arizona (six hundred and seventy), New York (five hundred and one), and Massachusetts (four hundred and eighty-two). The I.D.A. also has members in seventy-eight foreign countries, including Iraq and Iran, where astronomy is a popular hobby, especially among girls and young women. Authorities in Sa'adat-shahr, about four hundred miles south of Tehran, periodically cut off all electric power in the town in order to improve visibility at nighttime "star parties" conducted by a local teacher.
When the I.D.A. began, Crawford's interest in outdoor lighting was limited to its impact on observatories; today, the organization's brief covers everything from advising law-enforcement officers to assessing the effects of artificial lighting on wildlife. On the evening of my visit, while Crawford and I waited for the sky to grow darker, we went to dinner at a relatively new shopping mall on Tucson's outskirts. As we drove up, Crawford explained that the mall had been of particular interest to the I.D.A.: "The original lighting system for this mall was put in by somebody from out of town, and it didn't meet the Tucson code, so the developer had to call in a consultant and change it all. Now it's one of the best in town, and we actually gave them an award a few years ago."
The mall's large parking lot was fully illuminated—as we walked from the car to the restaurant, I had no trouble reading notes that I had scribbled in my notebook—but it was free of what dark-sky advocates call "glare bombs": fixtures that cast much of their light sideways, into the eyes of passersby, or upward, into the sky. Tucson's code limits the brightness of exterior fixtures and requires most of them to be of a type usually known as "full cutoff" or "fully shielded," meaning that they cast no light above the horizontal plane and employ a light source that cannot be seen by someone standing to the side. These are not necessarily more difficult or expensive to manufacture than traditional lights, and they typically cost less to operate. Calgary, Alberta, recently cut its electricity expenditures by more than two million dollars a year, by switching to full-cutoff, reduced-wattage street lights.
Diminishing the level of nighttime lighting can actually increase visibility. In recent years, the California Department of Transportation has greatly reduced its use of continuous lighting on its highways, and has increased its use of reflectors and other passive guides, which concentrate luminance where drivers need it rather than dispersing it over broad areas. (Passive guides also save money, since they don't require electricity.) F.A.A.-regulated airport runways, though they don't use reflectors, are lit in a somewhat similar fashion, with rows of guidance lights rather than with high-powered floodlights covering broad expanses of macadam. This makes the runways easier for pilots to pick out at night, because the key to visibility, on runways as well as on roads, is contrast.
After dinner, Crawford showed me his home, in a subdivision of small, closely spaced, desert-colored stucco town houses. Tucson gives individual neighborhoods the right to choose whether they want street lights (and to pay for them if they do). Most of the newer, more affluent residential areas, and a number of commercial blocks, have elected to do without. Crawford's subdivision, to his annoyance, does have street lights, and the fixtures, though technically shielded, have frosted-glass side panels, which diffuse the light in a way that turns them into glare bombs. Crawford pointed out a cluster of mailboxes across the street from his garage. The lighting near the mailboxes was of a type that Crawford calls "criminal-friendly": it was almost painful to look at, and it turned the walkway behind the boxes into an impenetrable void. "The eye adapts to the brightest thing in sight," he said. "When you have glare, the eye adapts to the glare, but then you can't see anything darker." The human retina contains two kinds of photoreceptors—cones, which react quickly to fine details and colors, and rods, which, though slower and bad at colors, are far more numerous and many times more sensitive to light. It's mainly the rods that enable us to see at night, and they are so sensitive that they can take up to an hour to recover their full function after exposure to a light source no brighter than a desk lamp. Deer, which have an even higher proportion of rods to cones, have excellent nighttime vision but appear extremely vulnerable to temporary blinding by bright light—perhaps a reason that they have difficulty in getting out of the way of cars on dark roads. People may experience a similar phenomenon driving away from a highly illuminated outdoor area, such as a gas station with an intensely bright canopy.
Much so-called security lighting is designed with little thought for how eyes—or criminals—operate. Marcus Felson, a professor at the School of Criminal Justice at Rutgers University, has concluded that lighting is effective in preventing crime mainly if it enables people to notice criminal activity as it's taking place, and if it doesn't help criminals to see what they're doing. Bright, unshielded floodlights—one of the most common types of outdoor security lighting in the country—often fail on both counts, as do all-night lights installed on isolated structures or on parts of buildings that can't be observed by passersby (such as back doors). A burglar who is forced to use a flashlight, or whose movement triggers a security light controlled by an infrared motion sensor, is much more likely to be spotted than one whose presence is masked by the blinding glare of a poorly placed metal halide "wall pack." In the early seventies, the public-school system in San Antonio, Texas, began leaving many of its school buildings, parking lots, and other property dark at night and found that the no-lights policy not only reduced energy costs but also dramatically cut vandalism.
Most people don't notice bad nighttime lighting; if you do, it can make you slightly crazed. When I'm driving at night, my wife has to tell me to watch the road instead of looking back over my shoulder at a yard whose trees have floodlights in their branches, or at an empty parking lot so bright that you could deliver babies in it. The Connecticut town where I live was incorporated in 1779. Many residents are protective of the village green, and become agitated if anyone suggests doing something to it that they consider unhistorical, such as painting a house a color other than white. Yet the green's focal point, the two-hundred-plus-year-old First Congregational Church, is lit up at night like a convenience store, and with two jarringly different types of illumination: the broad portico is lit with warm incandescent lamps, while the steeple and the clock tower are bathed in the icy glare of six mercury-vapor spotlights. A friend lives across from the church, and the lights give her living room a cold glow, as though someone had forgotten to close the door of a refrigerator. Obviously, Americans two centuries ago didn't point spotlights at their buildings (and therefore enjoyed the extinct pleasure of seeing those buildings by moonlight and starlight), yet I would bet that most of my town's residents, if they think about it at all, consider lighting up an old New England church not an offensive anachronism but almost a matter of civic duty.
I'm the chairman of my town's zoning commission, and we recently adopted our first regulations governing residential outdoor lighting. The rules prohibit unshielded exterior lamps and limit the lighting of trees and other vegetation, but, like all our regulations, they apply only to installations made after the date of the change, and they will be difficult to enforce. It doesn't help that the town itself is a conspicuous offender. A walkway near the town hall is lit by pole-mounted "Colonial" lanterns of a familiar type, with unshielded lamps and poles a bit less than six feet tall, so that most of the light is projected into the eyes of pedestrians. When the lamps are turned on, the base of each fixture casts a dense black shadow, about sixteen feet in diameter, onto the grass and pavement directly below it, as though the purpose of the lamp were to shed darkness rather than light. Some residents have objected that the new lighting regulations unnecessarily limit the freedom of individuals to do as they like on their own property. But photons don't stop at lot lines. (If someone installed a basic Home Depot wall pack on the moon and aimed it at the Earth, you'd be able to see the light, when it wasn't itself in direct sunlight, with a moderately powerful hobbyist's telescope.) People who decide to illuminate their trees at night, or to install unshielded floodlights on the corners of their garage, shining into a bedroom in a house next door, are making a decision for their neighbors as well as for themselves.
My friend Ken Daniel is a lighting designer. About a decade ago, he told me something that changed the way I think about the night. It was early evening, and we were sitting with some other people in an unelectrified barn on Martha's Vineyard and looking out at the ocean, and he observed that we were doing something that Americans almost never do anymore: watching it get dark. In the early nineteen-nineties, Daniel worked in Los Angeles and he and his family lived in Glendale. His wife, Gina, told me that the street lights and other lights in their neighborhood were so bright that their bedrooms never got fully dark at night, even though they had curtains. When the Northridge earthquake struck, in 1994, the first thing she noticed, after the shaking had awakened her, was that she couldn't see. "The earthquake had knocked out the power all over the city, and everything was black," she said. "When we got the kids and ran outside, we found all our neighbors standing in the street, looking up at the sky and saying, 'Wow.' "
Growing numbers of us pass most of our waking hours "in a box, looking at a box," as Dave Crawford put it: we spend our days inside offices, looking at computer screens, and our evenings inside houses, looking at television screens. Fewer and fewer of us spend much time outside at all, except in automobiles—and when we do venture outdoors after dark we are usually just stepping into yet another box, the glowing canopy that our lights have projected into the sky.
The twenty-four-hour day/night cycle, which is also known as the circadian clock, influences physiological processes in virtually all living things. Pervasive artificial illumination has existed for such a brief period that not even the species that invented it has had time to adapt, biologically or otherwise. The most widely discussed human malady related to the disturbance of circadian rhythms is jet lag, but there are others. Richard Stevens, a cancer epidemiologist at the University of Connecticut Health Center, in Farmington, has suggested a link between cancer and the "circadian disruption" of hormones caused by artificial lighting. Early in his career, Stevens was one of many researchers struck by the markedly high incidence of breast cancer among women in the industrialized world, in comparison with those in developing countries, and he at first supported the most common early hypothesis, which was that the cause must be dietary. Yet repeated studies found no clear link to food. In the early eighties, Stevens told me recently, "I literally woke up in the middle of the night—there was a street lamp outside the window, and it was so bright that I could almost read in my bedroom—and I thought, Could it be that?" A few years later, he persuaded the authors of the Nurses' Health Study, one of the largest and most rigorous investigations of women's medical issues ever undertaken, to add questions about nighttime employment, and the study subsequently revealed a strong association between working the night shift and an increased risk of breast cancer. Eva Schernhammer, of the Harvard Medical School, and Karl Schulmeister, an Austrian physicist, analyzed the work-shift data from the Nurses' Study several years ago, and wrote, "We hypothesize that the potential primary culprit for this observed association is the lack of melatonin, a cancer-protective agent whose production is severely diminished in people exposed to light at night."
Although nighttime lighting has seldom been a priority of environmentalists—one of whom described it to me recently as a "soft" issue—bad or unnecessary lighting not only wastes billions of dollars' worth of energy every year but also can wreak havoc on ecosystems. Migrating birds can be fatally "captured" by artificial lights, a fact that was made obvious a half century ago, when early versions of a common meteorological device called a ceilometer—which used a powerful vertical beam of light to measure cloud ceilings—sometimes killed thousands of migrating birds in a single night. Artificial light can be especially lethal to insects. Gerhard Eisenbeis, a German entomologist, has written that outdoor lighting can have a "vacuum cleaner" effect on local insect populations, causing large numbers to be "sucked out of habitat." An earlier German study showed that new, brightly lit gas stations initially attracted large numbers of insects, but that the numbers fell rapidly after two years, presumably because local populations were decimated. One of the several ways in which light fixtures kill insects is by causing them to rest on the ground or in vegetation, where they become easy prey. In Florida, artificial lights have had a disastrous impact on sea-turtle populations. During the summer and the early fall, hatchlings, which emerge primarily at night from nests on Florida beaches, are often fatally attracted to street lights, house lights, and other sources of unshielded artificial illumination, dying after being drawn into open areas, where they are easily attacked by predators, or onto roads. The problem is that newborn sea turtles instinctively move toward the brightest part of the horizon—which, for millions of years, would have been not shopping malls and beach houses but the night sky over the open sea.
The day after Dave Crawford and I inspected nighttime Tucson, I drove five hundred and fifty miles north to Bryce Canyon National Park, in southern Utah. That evening, I joined about two hundred people, including many children, outside the visitors' center, where telescopes of various sizes had been set up in the parking lot. Several were equipped with computerized tracking devices, which could be programmed to find and follow interesting objects in the sky. At one station or another, I saw the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter (tiny dots in a line), Saturn (with rings), a dense group of old stars, known as a globular cluster, a pair of twin stars (one blue and one gold), and the mountains and valleys that Galileo saw on the moon. With just my own eyes, I saw the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope, which rapidly crossed the sky just before eleven o'clock, and, a little later, I saw the meteor-like flash of a passing Iridium satellite.
I spoke with Chad Moore, the program director of the National Park Service's Night Sky Team. "Many people who come to our programs have never really looked at the night sky," he told me. "A woman once came up to me and said, 'The moon was out during the day this morning—is that O.K.?' " Moore, who is in his mid-thirties, created the Night Sky Team in 1999. Its mission, he said, is not just to increase interest in stars but also to remind people, including higher-ups in the Park Service, that national parks don't go away when the sun sets.
Moore and I met back in the same parking lot about three hours later, long after the other stargazers had gone to bed. The moon was going to set at about three-forty-five, and at that point there would be an hour of deep darkness before sunrise. We drove to another parking lot, near the rim of the canyon, and walked up to Sunset Point, one of a series of lookouts linked by a walking path. Moore said that he and his fellow-rangers usually have to urge first-time participants in the park's nighttime programs to resist turning on flashlights the moment they step out of their cars, and to instead allow their eyes to become accustomed to the darkness. "When the moon is low in the sky like this, there's about two-thousandths of a foot-candle of light on the ground," he said, referring to a measure of illumination. (Full sunlight on a clear day has an intensity of about ten thousand foot-candles; nighttime city streets are typically lit to about one and a half foot-candles, seven hundred and fifty times brighter than the moonlit path.) "You and I don't have supernatural vision," he continued, "but we're able to see the path just fine, because our eyes evolved to see in these conditions. I can see individual pebbles on the ground, and if I dropped a quarter I could find it."
We walked north along the rim trail, on which the setting moon cast long shadows. The canyon's edge was just a few feet to our right, but I could easily tell where the path ended and the abyss began. The canyon itself was transformed. In bright sunlight, Bryce's orange-and-white limestone hoodoos, which look a little like enormous drip castles, are so vibrant that they almost shimmer; by night, the formations are virtually monochromatic, like mountains at the bottom of the sea. Nightfall inverts the park: the cliffs draw inward, and the sky becomes almost topographical, a canyon turned upside down.
At last, the moon disappeared below the horizon. I could see, at various compass points, little bulges of sky glow projected by a couple of nearby towns, by one or two more distant cities, and by Ruby's, the famous, light-encrusted Bryce-area motel and campground, a few miles away, but the sky directly above us was very dark and was filled with stars. I had no trouble seeing the Milky Way, a broad, densely speckled stripe extending across the sky. Moore pointed out the Great Rift, a cluster of dark patches caused by clouds of light-blocking interstellar dust, and the constellation Sagittarius, toward the luminous center of our galaxy. I lay on my back on a bench and watched for meteors, which streaked past every few minutes: in a truly dark sky, shooting stars are too numerous to bother wishing on. We stayed until we noticed the first glow of the approaching sunrise. Stars near the eastern horizon melted away ahead of it, as though the darkness itself were dissolving.
The next afternoon, Moore and I drove across southern Utah to Natural Bridges National Monument, in the southeastern corner of the state, two hundred and seventy-five miles away. This past March, the I.D.A., relying partly on darkness measurements collected by Moore and his team, selected Natural Bridges as its first International Dark-Sky Park. (Additional sites will be chosen within the next year.) At the time of the designation, Christian Luginbuhl, an astronomer at the U.S. Naval Observatory station in Flagstaff, Arizona, and a longtime dark-sky advocate, said, "In plain English, that means it's the darkest or starriest sky they've seen while doing these reviews."
We arrived at the park just as the summer sky was beginning to deepen, and toured the facilities with Corky Hays, the park's superintendent. Hays came to Natural Bridges in 2004 partly because her previous Park Service posting, Death Valley, had begun to feel too cosmopolitan to her. "Our buildings were pretty dark already," she said, "but Chad and his team have helped us make them even darker, by upgrading a lot of our outdoor lighting. That's let us cut our energy use and operational costs, too, which is important, because the entire park is solar-powered." Moore pointed out several newly installed full-cutoff light fixtures, and found a few older lights, which still needed to be replaced. He asked for the removal of two of the four tubes in a fluorescent ceiling fixture near some public rest rooms, which are kept open all night and are used by after-dark visitors to the park. "The darker the area, the less light you need," he said. "People coming here at night will be dark-adapted, so having more light would actually make it harder for them to see when they leave."
A couple of hours later, after the sun had set completely, Moore and I headed for Owachomo, one of the park's three natural bridges—which were created, thousands of years ago, by fast-flowing streams that undercut the sandstone walls of their canyons. Owachomo, at its midpoint, rises more than a hundred feet above the canyon floor and is almost two hundred feet across. As we turned a corner on the path, it suddenly loomed before us, a startling black void against a field of stars, like a long, ragged strip torn from the sky. After checking the ground for rattlesnakes (we had encountered one already), Moore and I leaned against some big rocks and simply looked. If I stood still, I could see stars apparently blink off, as the earth's rotation caused them to be occluded by the sandstone bridge, while, on the other side, others seemed to blink on. The park is so remote that there is little artificial noise, especially at night, and the silence deepened the darkness. Thinking about the incomprehensible distances above us made me remember nights forty years before, when I was twelve years old and lying on my back in a mountain meadow at summer camp in Colorado, watching for shooting stars in what was probably the darkest sky I've ever seen, or will ever see.
Moore and I stood like that, not saying much, for more than an hour. Then we returned to the visitors' center and said goodbye. I drove east to the nearest town, where I hoped to get some sleep before continuing to Salt Lake City and my flight home. Moore, who had brought a sleeping bag, went out into the park to spend the night under the stars. ♦


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I cant see my neighbors wireless access points... but I know they are there. How can I "see" them in the inSSIDer3 Networks window?
I installed inSSIDer3 to try to troubleshoot some access issues in a home network using Windows 7 for the admin computer. We have a Netgear dual band wireless router N600/WNDR3400. Neither my computer or inSSIDer3 shows any competing Access Points outside my home which I is part of my access problems due to channel conflict. Any ideas how to configure Windows 7 or inSSIDer3 to "see" and evaluate my neighborhood AP jungle?
Thankis. Great software.


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Marijuana Use
It is not uncommon for students to be exposed to and perhaps want to try marijuana in college. Students are often drawn to it because of its relaxing, sedative quality, which may seem to offset the stress and anxiety of academic demands. However, many do not know the full spectrum of effects of marijuana use. In addition, marijuana produced these days may be laced with other unknown substances.
Short-Term Effects
- Increased heart rate
- Red or conjunctivitis eye
- Impairs ability to follow moving objects, which may make driving difficult
- Can act as a stimulant as well as depressant depending on variety and amount of chemical absorbed in the brain
- May become confused
- Mentally separated from the environment; detachment
- Difficulty concentrating
- Stronger varieties can produce giddiness
- Paranoia
- Some users have reported panic attacks
Long-Term Effects
- Respiratory problems (increased coughing and chronic bronchitis)
- Depressed immune system, increasing likelihood of catching cold, flu & other viral infections
- Negatively impacts short-term memory, which interferes with learning
- Changes in brain that are similar to those seen after long-term abuse of other major drugs
- May be associated with anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and/or schizophrenia
Similar to alcohol use, moderate and occasional marijuana use does not tend to interfere with other areas of your life. However, when you smoke marijuana to escape or to deal with life's difficulties, you do not allow yourself to develop effective coping skills.
Long-term marijuana use can lead to addiction; that is, you may use the drug compulsively even though it often interferes with family, school, work and recreational activities (according to National Institute of Drug Abuse –http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Marijuana/Marijuana4.html#addictive).
Decreasing Your Marijuana Use
- Write down your reasons for cutting down or stopping. Honestly assess whether you want to cut down your use.
- Keep a journal/diary log of your marijuana use (e.g., what day of the week, time of day, what was going on that prompted you to want to smoke, place consumed, who you were with each time) & notice any patterns over time.
- Make friends with those who do not revolve their life around alcohol or drugs.
- Keep only small amount or no marijuana at home.
- Take a break from smoking; pick a week or two that you will not smoke at all. You may want to start with fewer days, if you are smoking several times a week.
- Learn how to say "No." Practice ways to say "no" politely.
- Get support. Tell your friends about your intention to decrease using and suggest alternate activities to do together.
- Watch for situations, people or places that prompt you to smoke, even if you do not want to.
- Do not give up! If you do not reach your goal of decreasing the first time, try again.
- Develop an active lifestyle. Try new things to do instead of smoking or drinking, e.g., hiking, playing sports or a game, seeing a movie, etc.
- Learn relaxation and meditation techniques so that you are not turning to marijuana in an effort to decrease your stress.
- Talk to a professional counselor to learn more healthy coping skills.


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Goodbye, suspension. Hello, detention.
Pressed by law enforcement, civil-rights advocates and the realization that the way they disciplined students was failing, schools are keeping on campus more kids who talk back, throw tantrums or even threaten teachers.
From Los Angeles to Modesto to the Bay Area, districts are reducing suspensions, sometimes dramatically, and drawing raves and national attention — but also bitter criticism.
Five years ago, Yerba Buena High in East San Jose lost 1,062 days to suspension. Last school year, with both the number of suspensions and their duration plummeting, that number was a mere 23 days.
Also in 2012-13, Oakland Unified cut suspensions nearly in half. In the same year, the Jefferson Union High District in Daly City — which in 2009-10 posted the state's second-highest suspension rate for black students — reduced its rate from 2011-12 by 34 percent, mainly by changing how it responded to student defiance.
"Suspending students is not effective," said Yerba Buena Principal Tom Huynh.
But teachers at schools elsewhere say taking away the option to suspend creates a disciplinary void and sticks them with rowdy or even dangerous kids in class.
"For an experienced teacher who knows how to deal with intense behavioral management — we get that," said one Oakland Unified teacher who didn't want to be identified for fear of reprisal. "But for a new teacher, it's a disaster."
Even worse, Oakland teachers allege, the pressure not to suspend has led schools to fudge their numbers by not documenting fights or even weapons violations, or the ensuing punishments.
Per state law, schools are required to expel students for serious offenses such as bringing a gun, brandishing a knife or selling drugs on campus. The criteria for suspension are broader and more discretionary.
Once, if a student swore at a teacher, refused to put away a cell phone or was habitually tardy or disruptive, "our first instinct used to be to suspend," said Shannon Lane, student adviser at Oak Grove High in San Jose. Now, she and other administrators talk it over with students and hand out in-school punishment. Suspension days fell by 40 percent from 2011-12.
In addition to the federal and state push, the Santa Clara County Probation Department, joined by other law enforcement, educators and community groups, is leading an initiative on alternative discipline.
When schools kick out students, they're not learning the consequences of their behavior, said Annie Nguyen, a former East Side district counselor. "They go home and chill out for a week."
Then, "you can't ask the teacher how to catch up," said Esperanza Lopez, a freshman at Independence High in San Jose. Students falling behind often lose their connection with school — and frequently drop out.
San Jose's chapter of the advocacy group Californians for Justice is urging East Side district schools to reduce punitive and discriminatory discipline, which they said creates a school-to-prison pipeline.
Yerba Buena is already in the forefront of change. In hiring, Principal Huynh's top priority is teachers who can form positive relationships with students.
Coming from poverty and volatile streets, at a time when San Jose is on track to set another annual record of homicides, students arrive on campus with all kinds of baggage. Huynh insists it's the adults' duty to understand who students are. "If they're acting strangely, staff let us know right away."
In turn, he alerts staff about real or potential trouble. If two boys get into a fight over a girlfriend, for instance, the school sends an in-house e-mail so that adults can keep an eye out for any fallout.
Yerba Buena has transformed detention from seat-warming to an interactive lesson. At a recent session, student adviser Elizabeth Dinh held the attention of two dozen students as she wove her own childhood experiences with being put down, feeling angry and rebelling into a talk on combating bullying.
"It's not just a waste of time. It's useful," sophomore Cesar Baltazar, attending because he had been tardy to a class, said about the session.
Classmate Esther Simmons agreed. She didn't expect to hear an experience she could relate to, she said. "I thought I was the only one."
Like other schools serving high-poverty neighborhoods, Oak Grove has created discipline alternatives and also stitched together a safety net of services. A referral to student adviser Lane may draw detention, Saturday school or litter patrol, as well as a connection to a counselor, anger-management help or a substance abuse support group. Or it might just be a talking-to by Lane.
Oakland Unified, compelled to reduce suspensions as part of a settlement with the federal Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights, promotes a practice called restorative justice. It tries to get scofflaws to make amends, combatants to reconcile and students to come to terms with any harm they've done.
The district has enhanced conflict resolution and support for African-American boys. But some teachers say stretched schools lack resources and time to devote to the worthy but time-intensive practice. Instead, troubled students stay in class unless they commit serious or multiple infractions.
"All of this is done to try to put a Band-Aid over a gaping wound. It leaves a lot of kids feeling unsafe," one teacher said.
Others said an unwritten rule is that if a student brings a BB gun — which doesn't count as a real weapon — or less than an ounce of marijuana on campus, expulsion is not an option.
"Rigor and clear boundaries are the No. 1 thing students need and desire from us," one Oakland teacher said. "When the system is so broken those boundaries fluctuate from classroom up to the district, the message gets sent loud and clear to students: 'You can misbehave and (you'll) still be here because we don't have the power to do anything about it.'"
The state Education Code still gives a teacher the right to kick out a student from class for various transgressions.
That's sometimes necessary, teachers say. "When a student screams at you at the top of their lungs, you're not allowed to cuss back at them," said Jenny Ludwig, who teaches independent study at Oak Grove and also has taught at other East Side schools. "You have to show the rest of the students where the red line is. You need a day to cool off so you can be professional."
Huynh at Yerba Buena said administrators help beleaguered teachers and intervene in tough cases.
But kicking out kids, he said, should be on its way out as a form of school discipline. "We don't paddle students," he said, noting states have outlawed corporal punishment. "When you take it off the table, it's just not an option any more."
Contact Sharon Noguchi at 408-271-3775. Follow her at Twitter.com/NoguchiOnK12.


text:
A brief review from Mark Perryman (Philosophy Football) on Socialist Unity where I am sandwiched between words on Arun Kundnani's book (which I read and think is really good) and Andrew Hussey's book (which I've not yet read):
"Arun Kundnani's 'The Muslims are Coming!' links together the experience of Islamophobia, the framing of extremism/fundamentalism and the ongoing global impact of the west's so-called 'War on Terror'. Here the left is grappling with subjects it is more at ease with understanding, though the depth to which it is transformed via that process remains in question. An insight into what that transformation might look like is provided by John Hutnyk's 'Pantomime Terror' which imaginatively records how popular culture has been affected by a post 9/11 world and on occasion has offered signs of resisting the reactionary, racist, consequences of that process. The urgent necessity for this kind of engagement is established brilliantly by Andrew Hussey's new book 'The French Intifada'."
I regret the reviewers have not noted the critiques of Zizek, Badiou and Buck-Morss in mine, or the importance of Spivak and Adorno to my argument, or the coda on Wagner, but still very good to have. See here. Thanks Mark.


text:
|Introducing Netc N·vision
RFID technology you can identify with
Integrated, Customized, Enabled RFID Labels
Netc Quality Seal
The Netc Quality Seal is our assurance to you that the Netc products and services delivered to you have undergone and passed rigorous quality tests.
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Insert your custom content and bitmap images onto the media label. With your customized Netc Signature Labels, the message is the media!


text:
The winningest coach in Arena Football history is finding his computer contents displayed to the world as part of a lawsuit. Among the material: "a video of two naked women using a funnel and fish to commit an unnatural sex act."
Tampa Bay Storm coach Tim Marcum is suing one of the former owners of the franchise, but that owner is apparently taking the "I don't pay you to look at porn" defense. So the contents of Marcum's computer are up for discussion in court, and there's some juicy stuff. Racist e-mail forwards, and porn, lots of porn.
"Some of the material on his computer included Air Force One as Watermelon One; an e-mail comparing Michelle Obama to a chimpanzee; and frequent use of the "N" word in other parodies and e-mails." And the aforementioned fish/funnel video, which we're assuming is Japanese. Definitely Japanese. Or maybe Brazilian.
But perhaps more interesting is where the offending material came from: e-mail forwards from friends, like former NFL QB Steve DeBerg. Does this look like a man who would forward horrible things to his entire address book? Well, kind of, yeah.
He's not the only one. Also on Marcum's e-mail list are Jevon Kearse, Tony Siragusa and the late Steve McNair. That's disgusting. These are unnatural acts. Why can't people learn to keep their videos of women sticking fish inside each other to themselves, like the rest of us do?
Hard core porn, racist e-mail found on Tampa Bay Storm coach's computer [WTSP]


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Select a City
Hancock, NH
Best Ice Skating Rinks around Hancock, NH
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Located at the heart of the Kimball Union Academy campus in Meriden, NH (4 miles south on Rt 120 from Lebanon, NH), the Akerstrom Arena is part of ...
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text:
I cited a column by Rod Dreher in CNN column about guns and race.
Rod explains that I misunderstood his point:
Frum seems to have read my post as saying that somehow we shouldn't care if young black thugs are killing young black thugs. That's not what my column says at all. I didn't address gun control in this blog post or its predecessor, but rather crime, demographics, and geography. The "thugs killing thugs" point was to say that if you are a) not black, b) not male, c) not young, d) not a resident of a poor neighborhood, and e) not involved in crime, you stand an excellent chance of not being one of Baton Rouge's murder victims. You can be foursquare in favor of gun control, or resolutely against gun control, and still agree (or disagree) with the points made in my blogs.
I am troubled that readers of David's column might think that I said, in effect, "Oh, it's just black criminals shooting black criminals, who cares." That's not it at all. Rather, I was trying to say that to focus only on the racial demographics of homicide in Baton Rouge is to miss some important context that help you evaluate whether or not you are safe in certain parts of the city, e.g., the shopping mall in south Baton Rouge. Which was the genesis of the discussion on those threads.