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Nonabrasive cleansers are best for cleaning this aluminum pressure cooker, though occasional use of a fine metal polish will help the exterior keep its shine. The lid of the Presto 23-quart pressure canner is not immersible. In addition, the sealing ring should be removed after each use to allow cleaning of the inside rim of the lid. The dial gauge is delicate; detailed care instructions are found in the accompanying booklet. The vent pipe is simple to keep clean with a small brush or pipe cleaner, and both the air vent/cover lock and the overpressure plug are removable. The pressure cooker measures 14 inches in diameter (17 inches including handles) and 15-1/2 inches tall (including lid). Presto guarantees this pressure cooker with an extended 12-year warranty. A detailed instruction and recipe booklet is included; special safety issues that pertain to pressure cookers are clearly explained.
Product dimensions: 15.4 x 15.1 x 14.8 inches


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On the morning of December 2, a lawyer named Steve Wise and three other members of the Nonhuman Rights Project walked up the steps of the Fulton County Courthouse in Johnstown, New York and into the annals of history.
In Wise's hands was a lawsuit demanding something unprecedented in American law: formal recognition that a 26-year-old chimpanzee named Tommy, kept alone in a cage in a local warehouse, is a person, possessing a legal right to bodily liberty previously reserved for humans.
One day later, Wise delivered a similar lawsuit in Niagara Falls, on behalf of Kiko, a chimpanzee living in the home of a couple who purchased him 20 years ago from an Ohio ice cream parlor. Two days after that, Wise filed suit on Long Island, claiming freedom for Hercules and Leo, two chimps used in locomotion studies at Stony Brook University and owned by the New Iberia Research Center, a facility infamous for the abuse of its animals.
What Wise and the members of his Nonhuman Rights Project assert is both simple and radical: that personhood — the legal prerequisite for having rights of any sort at all — should no more be based on species classification than it is on skin color. Instead, the lawsuits argue that personhood derives from cognitive and emotional qualities that chimpanzees, like humans, possess in abundance.
Tommy and Kiko and Hercules and Leo are not humans, acknowledges Wise, deserving full human rights. They shouldn't have a right to vote, or to enter a restaurant or a public school. But they and every other captive chimpanzee are enough like us to have a right not to be owned and imprisoned against their will. If it's not realistic to release them into a wild they've never known, they might be sent to chimpanzee sanctuaries, free to live with a modicum of the liberty they deserve. Not because we've deigned to be nice to them, but because it's their right.
Whether a judge will agree remains to be seen, and most legal scholars, even those who support the case, think it's unlikely. Never in the history of western law have ideals of liberty and equality been formally applied to an animal other than Homo sapiens. Judges don't like being radical. The lawsuit also raises what many consider an unacceptably impractical possibility: personhood demands filed on behalf of not only chimpanzees, but animals used in research and on farms, or living in our landscapes.
Such information has previously been applied to questions of welfare, to cage sizes and research justifications, but not to fundamental legal questions of personhood. Yet this is where the science points, and though many people dismiss these claims as quixotic and impractical, Wise and his compatriots are following scientific fact to an arguably logical legal conclusion.
It's still entirely possible that the lawsuits will be dismissed without Wise opening his mouth in a New York courtroom. But it's also possible that a judge will at least agree to hear their case. If and when that happens, a chimpanzee will finally have his day in court. "It doesn't matter if you're a human or a chimp," said Wise. "If you have the cognitive capacity to live life as you choose, you should be able to do that. Your species is completely, completely irrelevant."
Aristotle's Animate Windshields
The lawsuit is the culmination of a legal strategy seeded three decades ago, when Wise was practicing animal protection — or, as he prefers to say, animal slave — law in Massachusetts. He litigated hundreds of cases, ranging from the unusual mistreatment of dogs and cats to more unusual lawsuits: attempts to stop deer hunts, the transfer of a dolphin from the New England Aquarium into sonar research with the U.S. Navy.
Sometimes, as when an especially egregious abuse violated local animal cruelty statutes, Wise would win. But often his lawsuits were dismissed by judges who argued that Wise couldn't sue on behalf of animals he or his clients didn't personally own. In legal terms, they lacked standing: the ability to show how humans would suffer from the mistreatment of an animal.
It might sound illogical that an animal's suffering could be legally irrelevant unless it directly affects a human, but "these are the kinds of gymnastics that animal protection lawyers have to go through," said Wise during a September talk at George Washington University. "Nonhuman animals are legal things, and they have always been legal things. That means they're essentially invisible to our civil law."
Cruelty laws aside, some animal protections do exist, such as those for endangered species. Yet even those reflect the value society places on populations and species units. They say nothing about the personhood of an individual animal. And though individuality might be acknowledged in, say, requirements that research chimpanzees be given toys to play with, they reflect token generosities rather than any acknowledgement of an animal's essential personhood.
"The example I give is that I can take a baseball bat, and smash the window of your car, and I'll be charged with something," said Wise during the talk. "But the car or the windshield doesn't have legal rights. It's not a person. Essentially, a non-human animal is a kind of animate windshield. If I'm cruel to her, I can go to jail, but the non-human animal is a complete bystander to this. She doesn't have any rights."
Wise furthered the analogy with references to animals as legally equivalent to tables and chairs — language that, to anyone who knows a cat or dog, or really has any experience with animals whatsoever, will sound strange: animals are self-evidently not these things. Yet as Wise argues in Drawing the Line, a 2002 book in which he articulated the legal and scientific framework of the lawsuits, western law's view of animals has been shaped by an intellectual tradition that might charitably be called ignorance, from Aristotle's proclamation that, just as slaves were made to serve their masters, so animals were made to serve humans, on through René Descartes' characterization of animals as clockwork automata.
Whether this intellectual history is directly responsible for modern law's treatment of animals is a matter of debate for legal historians. The fact remains, though, that Tommy — whom Wise visited personally in October, under the guise of being curious about a herd of holiday-rental reindeer also kept at a trailer dealership run by Tommy's owner, and found alone in a newspaper-lined cement cage in a dank, cavernous warehouse with nothing to occupy his attention but a small color television — might as well be a windshield.
"There is no question this court would release Tommy if he were a human being," read the documents. "There can be equally no doubt that Tommy is imprisoned for a single reason: despite his capacities for autonomy, self-determination, self-awareness, and dozens of other allied and connected extraordinarily complex cognitive abilities, he is a chimpanzee."
The Mind of a Chimpanzee
Making a factual case for those capacities are the affidavits filed by the nine scientists, whose expertise spans not only primatology but psychology, neuroscience, animal behavior, anthropology, cognition and learning theory. The scientists are not themselves members of the Nonhuman Rights Project, and the affidavits don't talk about law, only science. Gathered together, they amount to more than 200 pages of text and reference, reviewing hundreds of studies — not just their own, but from hundreds of other researchers — on dozens of cognitive, neurological and behavioral traits [see sidebar for a complete list].
Lawsuits aside, the affidavits are a veritable textbook of contemporary and historical chimpanzee research, and if conveying their full detail requires more space than a journalistic article affords, a few themes stand out. At a purely neurological level, chimpanzees share many of the same features — enlarged frontal lobes, asymmetry between left- and right-brain functions, specialized cell types in specific brain regions — associated with high-level cognition in humans.
Mary Lee Jensvold, an experimental psychologist and former director of the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute, who worked for 27 years with chimps taught sign language, describes the conceptual richness of their communicative abilities, which include symbolic thought, perspective-taking and references to past and future events, and the parallel manner in which these develop in both human and chimpanzee infants. These are evidence, say she and others, of deep cognitive similarities.Similar parallels can be seen in brain development, writes Primatologist Tetsuro Matsuzawa of Kyoto University, current president of the International Primatological Society. He also discusses their highly sophisticated numerical and sequencing abilities, which have been the subject of public fascination: chimps out-calculating human children, and even college students! These math skills, explains Matsuzawa, indicate the sophistication of memory systems considered central to planning and making decisions, rather than acting on instinct or automatic, stimulus-response conditioning.
Another series of well-known findings involve tool-making and cultural traditions, both of which were once thought to be uniquely human capacities. William McGrew, an evolutionary primatologist at the University of Cambridge, describes how chimpanzees learn from one another to make complex tools that resemble those used by Stone Age humans and even some surviving aboriginal groups. "The foraging kits of some chimpanzee populations, such as in western Tanzania, are indistinguishable in complexity from the tool kits of some of the simplest material cultures of humans, such as Tasmanian aborigines," McGrew writes.
Different methods of tool manufacture and use are considered hallmarks of distinct chimpanzee cultures, of which more than 40 exist in Africa. Cultures are also distinguished by social traditions: McGrew recounts how the famed primatologist Jane Goodall, who sits on the Nonhuman Rights Project's Board of Directors, documented males of group she studies performing slow, rhythmic dances at the beginning of rain seasons. It's not unreasonable, Goodall says, to think these might be rain dances.
Whether that's so is speculation, but the cognitive faculties underlying culture are not. In chimpanzees as in humans, writes McGrew, social learning requires emulation, imitation, and an ability to explain, all of which signify a sense of self. That's hardly not unique in the animal kingdom — even a cockroach likely has self-awareness — but there's reason to think that a chimpanzee's self-awareness is comparable to our own. Not only can chimpanzees only can recognize themselves in mirrors, which is considered a sign of sophisticated self-awareness; they also recognize photographs of themselves as youngsters.
Perhaps crucially, they're capable of "mental time travel," said Matthias Osvath, a cognitive zoologist Sweden's University of Lund. Known for his research on Santino, a chimpanzee who makes elaborate plans to throw stones at zoo visitors, Osvath describes mental time travel as the ability to imagine oneself in the past and future, as well as the present. This capacity underlies an essential aspect of human experience, Osvath said: we engage in some form of it whenever our own thoughts stray from the immediate moment, and when we make plans.
It's this ability that produces the autobiographical, first-person sense we have of our own lives, and it could very well mean that Tommy is both aware of the misery of his situation and can contemplate a future of never-ending captivity. If so, that would not in itself be the grounds for the Nonhuman Rights Project's personhood claim: rather, it would be a facet of what the various capacities of chimpanzees, from complex memory and self-awareness to imagination and mental time travel, signify: autonomy.
This assertion, that the cognitive qualities enumerated amount to autonomy, is arguably a judgement that drifts away from established fact and towards a philosophical argument about the nature of autonomy. But as psychologist James King of the University of Arizona, former editor of the Journal of Comparative Psychology, notes in his affidavit, autonomy isn't even something we can directly observe even in humans.
Rather, we judge it by behavior, and "evidence for autonomous behavior in humans is not seriously disputed," writes King. "In chimpanzees, the behavioral evidence for autonomy is not seriously disputed." And if we can't measure autonomy the way we can, say, gravity, it's the simplest explanation for what we can observe in chimpanzees.
A few decades ago, before most of this research was conducted, when editors at the journal Nature castigated Jane Goodall for referring to chimpanzees with gender-specific pronouns, such claims would have been deeply controversial. After all, noted Osvath, science too had to free itself from the intellectual legacy of Aristotle and animals-as-machines. But the essential outlines are widely accepted.
To be sure, said Brian Hare, a Duke University evolutionary anthropologist who has studied cognition in chimpanzees and dogs, individual pieces of the cited research might still be debated, but over fine points of similarity and difference. "If you're talking about it in a quick way, all those statements are accurate, but in each of those categories where chimpanzees might be similar to us, there's different types of equivalence," Hare said.
In other words, a chimpanzee has an autobiographical sense of self, but does he spend as much time as we do contemplating its future? Does he experience autonomy the way we do? That we don't know for sure, but the Nonhuman Rights Project argument isn't for one-to-one equivalence, but rather substantive similarity. Indeed, that's essentially the judgment passed by an Institute of Medicine committee convened in 2011 to advise the National Institutes of Health on its use of chimpanzees in research: they're just too much like humans to use in harmful experiments unless there's an overwhelming, human life-saving reason to do so.
To all this, one might raise the question: Could a chimpanzee ask to be free? In the wild, where chimpanzees are known to communicate using abstract, symbolic gestures, that might indeed be possible, but Mary Lee Jensvold recalled a more germane story, involving chimpanzees trained to us sign language by Roger Fouts, the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute's founder, early in his career, when Fouts was still at the University of Oklahoma's Institute for Primate Studies.
The chimps were sold to the Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates in New York. Years later, one of Fouts' collaborators, Gonzaga University comparative psychologist Mark Bodamer, visited the laboratory. "He met the signing chimps," said Jensvold. "The chimps were signing. One of the technicians said, 'They're always doing that.' And one of the chimps signed, 'Key. Out.'"
Does a Person Need to Be Human?
If the Nonhuman Rights Project's story were a movie, it would cut now to a montage of hotel conference rooms, take-out cartons and ever-growing piles of paper strewn around the project's principals. There's Wise, of course, his hair grayer and face more lined than in the dust-jacket photos of his books; Elizabeth Stein, Wise's intellectual sparring partner, who left financial law to defend animals; Monica Miller, a recent law school graduate who handles their legal database-dives and archive-searches; executive director Natalie Prosin, who does a little of everything; and, appearing via Skype on a laptop, Lori Marino, the Emory University neuroscientist who first showed that dolphins could recognize themselves in mirrors.
Over the past two years, with volunteer help from dozens of animal law students and lawyers, the group analyzed the laws of all 50 states, plumbing the arcana of 19th-century slave cases and legal guardianship precedents, posing for each some 60 fine-print questions designed to identify the most legally hospitable state for their lawsuit. Earlier this year they picked New York, where courts have historically been generous in their willingness to hear personhood claims, and decided to bring suit on behalf of every chimp they could find.
Two of these, named Merlin and Reba, kept in a cage at a zoo in the upstate town of Catskills, died before the case was ready. Merlin was the second to die, three months after Reba, from complications resulting from an abscessed tooth. According to the Nonhuman Rights Project, he spent the last several weeks of his life punching himself in the face. A third chimpanzee, a 28-year-old named Charlie, "The Karate Chimp, who was owned by the same couple who own Kiko, died in early November. The couple, Carmen and Christi Presti, run a self-described primate sanctuary previously known as Monkey Business; they'd purchased Charlie as a 15-month-old, later teaching him karate and displaying him on TV shows including America's Funniest Home Videos and How I Met Your Mother.
The Christis did not respond to requests to be interviewed, nor did Tommy's owner, Patrick Lavery, or Stony Brook University, where Hercules and Leo are used in anatomist Susan Larson's research on primate locomotion. Both are owned by the New Iberia Research Center, to which a third Stony Brook chimpanzee, named Carter, was returned last August. A chimpanzee named Carter is also mentioned in a 2007 Humane Society undercover investigation at NIRC, which has been accused of illegally breeding chimps.
The HSUS allegations described several hundred NIRC chimpanzees living in barren, windowless concrete rooms, with literally nothing to do, sometimes in isolation and at other times packed into cages. Infants were routinely taken from their mothers shortly after birth; in the wild, they'd have nursed for five years, and remained with their mothers for several years after that. At NIRC, juveniles often displayed the compulsive rocking typical of abandoned human children. "Danielle gave birth to son Carter on 9/1/06," read the report. "Carter was taken from his mother so she could be bred again."
New Iberia was ultimately fined a pittance of $18,000 for violating the Animal Welfare Act. This sort of treatment, and the institution of chimpanzee ownership that supports it, isn't just wrong, contends Wise. It violates their rights. To make that argument, he's appealing to common law, a body of jurisprudence distinct from Constitutional law — Wise doesn't argue, and has openly criticized the notion, that the 13th Amendment should apply to non-humans — and from statutory law, which is passed by legislatures. Common law is where everything else gets settled, and at least historically, it's where judges have the latitude to make and interpret law in keeping with changing social standards and scientific knowledge.
Personal injuries fall under the auspices common law. So do rights to privacy and inter-family disputes. It was also in a common-law court where a slave's personhood was legally recognized for the first time. That case, Somerset v. Steuart, took place in England in 1772, and is the subject of a book by Wise, Though the Heavens May Fall, in which he details the legal arguments that convinced one of history's most influential jurists, Lord Mansfield, himself a slave-owner, that a runaway slave named James Somerset was a person with a right to be free.
These run from Somerset v. Steuart and The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln to tomes of Roman civil law and Lemmon v. People, an 1852 case in which the New York Supreme Court allowed a dock worker to file habeas corpus writs on behalf of eight slaves held on a boat in New York harbor. That precedent, hopes Wise, will convince a judge that the Nonhuman Rights Project can represent the chimpanzees. They also quote John Chipman Gray, an influential late-19th and early-20th century legal scholar, who said that "personhood as a legal concept arises not from the humanity of the subject but from the ascriptions of rights and duties to the subject."
That is, in a formal nutshell, the essence of the Nonhuman Rights Project's argument: a person — an entity capable of possessing legal rights — does not need to be human. To a certain extent this has already been demonstrated by the legal personhood afforded to corporations and ships, but those are still human institutions. Wise is calling for personhood based purely on principle.
"Legal person has never been a synonym for 'human being,'" reads the lawsuit. "A free being such as Tommy, who possesses autonomy, self-determination, self-awareness, and the ability to choose how to live his life, must be recognized as a common law 'person.'" The rights to which Tommy is entailed, they stress, don't include nearly all the rights given to humans — he's not entitled to a free education or emergency health care — but by virtue of his autonomy, his capacity for self-determination, has a right not to be imprisoned.
This sort of right is technically known as a "dignity right," and Erin Daly, a Widener University School of Law professor who has written extensively about dignity rights, called their proposed grounding in autonomy "a reasonable and interesting argument," though unprecedented. "I don't know of anything that says, 'Anything with autonomy has dignity rights,'" she said — not because the idea has been rejected, but because nobody's yet made that case so explicitly.
"As a legal culture, we do care about autonomy. It's an important value in America, and more so in America than in other countries," Daly said. "I think that makes sense to test whether nonhumans should be accorded dignity rights in some way."
Should a judge feel uncomfortable with the idea that self-determination is an intrinsic basis for liberty, the lawsuit offers a related but subtly different argument, grounded instead in equality: the principle by which, if one person is similar to another, they are treated equally by the law. It's on this principle that rights for blacks, other racial minorities, women and non-heterosexuals have been granted — and not because they were necessarily considered the full equals of existing rights-holders, but because they were equal enough.
Likewise, even humans whose cognitive capacities are well below those of chimpanzees — people with severe mental disabilities, infants whose brains won't ever develop, adults with severe dementia — are granted some rights. They might be kept in institutions, or have certain decisions made for them, but they can't be owned or experimented upon. That isn't simply because they satisfy some arbitrary genetic standard, argues Wise, or qualify via legal loophole for the protections of fully abled humans. It's because they have capacities of autonomy and selfhood, however limited, that we as a society value so deeply.
"We'll go in front of a judge and say, "Whatever is the reason why a human being should have a right to bodily liberty, whatever trait they have, whatever characteristic they have, our chimpanzee has it too," Wise said. "You can name whatever you want. Our chimp has it too."
"The strength of Wise's case is that he's called the law into question on its fundamental values of dignity, equality and autonomy," said Paul Waldau, who teaches animal law and ethics at Harvard Law School. "He's saying, 'If you will just accept these as the really beautiful foundations of our law, then I win.' He's using the real foundational arguments of the legal system to do this. And in a way it's quite conservative: He's saying, 'The basic values are good — and watch how, if you extrapolate them carefully, they will take us: to legal rights for chimpanzees. That's beautiful. It affirms the system, even as it asks the system to go beyond what it presently has done."
Before the Court
Beautiful as the argument might be, however, can it succeed? Even among legal scholars who respect Wise's arguments, and acknowledge changing human relationships to animals — widespread condemnations of cruelty, insistence on humanely-treated farm animals, the NIH's historic rejection of most chimp experimentation, a fifteen-fold increase in academic animal law programs over the last two decades — it's difficult to find one who thinks a judge will rule in the chimpanzees' favor.
"I think Wise's work as academic theory, as policy, as discussion, is second to none," said Jonathan Lovvorn, a Georgetown University law professor and senior litigator at the Humane Society of the United States. "His work was transformative within the legal academic field. But I think that translating it at this stage into a legal strategy is just not feasible."
The problem, said Lovvorn, is that chimpanzee personhood, however limited, is still too radical for most judges to consider. Though articulated in bedrock principles of liberty and equality, it's still about an animal. It would represent a legal sea change; in the profession's argot, it's "too big an ask," said Lovvorn. It's true that common law has historically been flexible, a vehicle for judicial activism, he said, but that was far more true in the 18th and 19th century than it is now.
Other reservations that will almost certainly cross a judge's mind were raised more than a decade ago when Wise debated Richard Epstein, a legal scholar at New York University, and Richard Posner, a judge on the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. "Chimpanzees and bonobos may be the obvious candidates," said Epstein, but that could open the door to personhood claims on behalf of cattle or sheep or rats and mice used in human life-saving medical research. "It's not clear how far exactly you want to run this," he said.
To this, Wise would rejoin that the lawsuit is about the possibility of granting a single right to chimpanzees, and has nothing to do with sheep or rats — but it's no secret that it represents what Wise has often described as his goal of breaking down the legal wall that now separates humans from all other animals. "Once we begin to punch through that wall," said Wise, "all sorts of roads possibly open."
Chimpanzees are now considered exceptional, but similar arguments could presently be made on behalf of other great apes, elephants and some cetaceans, which the Nonhuman Rights Project had also considered. Given that many scientists now recognize consciousness across the animal kingdom, autonomy may eventually prove to be an easily attainable standard for personhood.
One might argue that it's only ethically and scientifically consistent to judge the personhood of each species empirically, as the Nonhuman Rights Project does with chimpanzees, and contemplate rights on a species-by-species basis. From a certain perspective, this is even exciting: if a non-human animals can be persons, then what sort of persons should they be? What rights should they have, or not? Might an entirely new class of rights possession, "animalhood," be established? But excitement is not what most career- and reputation-minded judges seek.
In the meantime, says Lovvorn, there's a danger that the Nonhuman Rights Project's efforts will distract from more practical, immediately realistic animal welfare reforms, such as improvements in farm animal treatment or reductions in biomedical experiments on animals. Opponents of such reforms, said Lovvorn, might seize upon chimpanzee personhood as an example of the radical changes that ostensibly modest reformers really want. "I can't tell you how many times we hear people say, 'We can't give pigs or laying hens enough room to turn around and stretch their wings, because the end game here is personhood for animals and an end to their commercial use.'"
Brian Hare also struck a practical tone, noting that reforms already underway to protect chimpanzees, such as eliminating a federal loophole that grants endangered status to wild but not captive chimps, could accomplish some of the Nonhuman Rights Project's goals while avoiding thorny questions of personhood. "I think it's great that he's asking the question and challenging the law," said Hare, "but I'm not sure that this particular solution is necessary, or in the best interest of the chimpanzees themselves. I think they are fighting for rights when they should be fighting for welfare and conservation."
William McGrew, however, expressed reservations about the limits of good intentions in the absence of enforceable rights. McGrew said he used to think that, "once humans knew of the apes' qualities, people would extend their concern to their closest living relations." Now, "being older and wiser, I see that was unrealistically idealistic. Just like minors and minorities amongst humans, chimpanzees need legal protection" — and that, McGrew said, should include recognized rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Relying on endangered species protections also raises the question of whether chimpanzees would remain protected if someday they're not endangered. Would they deserve any less consideration then? Rights, argues Wise, are a matter of principle, not something to abandon when they seem inconvenient. Neither are they uncontroversial or unthreatening, at least not when they're first granted. And even if courts rule against chimpanzee personhood — something that, Wise concedes, is quite possible — at the very least a judge might have the courage and integrity to hold the discussion openly, in light of scientific fact and legal principle.
That discussion could well begin in coming weeks, as judges consider the lawsuits now before them. They might dismiss the cases summarily, without a hearing; or, if one decides to issue the habeas corpus writ, then the chimpanzee's owner will be ordered to appear in court and justify the animal's detention. Wise hopes that, even if judges aren't prepared to accept that a chimpanzee could have a right, they'll be courageous and open-minded enough to listen to the arguments.
If the Nonhuman Rights Project loses, said Wise, they'll appeal the decision; if they lose the appeal, they'll review their arguments and try again, and again after that. Yet there's at least a possibility, however slim, that a judge will rule in their favor, and make possible the lawsuit's concluding request: That Tommy, who can't be released to Africa, can be delivered from solitary confinement in a warehouse cage and taken to a sanctuary, "there to spend the rest of his life living like a chimpanzee, amongst chimpanzee friends, climbing, playing, socializing, feeling the sun, and seeing the sky."Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article.

subset: commoncrawl


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The last two months have seen a dramatic spike in use of the "We the People" online petition system set up by the White House, and with President Obama about to start a second term, the rules are being changed.
The petitioning system was set up by the Obama administration in September 2011, and initially it required the White House to acknowledge the petitioners' complaints if more than 5,000 people signed up. This was later raised to 25,000, but in light of a massive spike in use, the response threshold is now being raised again, to 100,000 signatures.
"In the last two months of 2012, use of We the People more than doubled. In just that time roughly 2.4 million new users joined the system, 73,000 petitions were created and 4.9 million signatures were registered," said Macon Phillips, the White House's director of digital strategy.
For most of 2012, it took a petition 18 days to reach the 25,000-signature threshold, but in November and December this dropped down to five days and more than 60 per cent of all successful petitions fell in these two months. The idea has caught on online, it seems.
The most petitioned area on the site was for civil liberties, with government reform and human rights the next most popular topics. But the pranksters of the internet have had some fun too.
A petition calling for the US to invest in building a Death Star reached the 25,000 signature mark with ease, prompting a tongue-in-cheek response from the White House. The Hacking group Anonymous has also petitioned for DDoS attacks to be legalized.
The current cause du jour is a petition to investigate the prosecution of troubled internet genius Aaron Swartz. So far this has garnered just 38,000 signatures, well below the new threshold, but the 100,000 limit won't be applied retroactively.
Lest Americans think they've got the rough end of the democracy stick, however, the situation with online petitions is much worse in the UK. The British government already has the e-petition signature threshold set at 100,000 and is considering raising it further to cut down on the number of responses it needs to make. ®


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Kanye West's visit to The White House was an interesting one. From dropping the f-bomb in the oval office to claiming the Kardashian family has low male energy to calling himself a "fine wine," there was not a shortage of shocking moments during Mr. West's bizarre meeting with President Trump in the Oval Office on Thursday (October 11) afternoon.
Check out the 10 strangest quotes from his visit below!
1. Kanye told Trump he was misdiagnosed with bipoloar disorder. He claimed he's just sleep-deprived.
"I was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, I was connected with a neuropsychologist that works with the athletes in the NBA and NFL. He looked at my brain... He said that I wasn't actually bipolar, I had sleep deprivation which can cause dementia 10 to 20 years from now when I wouldn't even remember my son's name."
2. The "All Mine" rapper said there isn't a lot of "male energy" in the Kardashian family.
"They tried to scare me to not wear this hat, my own friends, but this hat it gives me, it gives me power. You know, my dad and my mom separated, so I didn't have a lot of male energy in my home. And also, I'm married to a family that, you know – not a lot of male energy going on. It's beautiful though."
3. Ye told Trump he should be flying in a hydrogen-powered plane rather than Air Force One.
"I brought a gift me right here. [A photo of] the iPlane1 — it's a hydrogen-powered airplane. And this is what our President should be flying in."
4. Kanye slammed Saturday Night Live and liberals for bashing Trump, saying it doesn't make Americans look good.
"What I need Saturday Night Live to improve on and what I need the liberals to improve on is, if [the president] don't look good, we don't look good. This is our president. He has to be the freshest, fliest,[have] the fliest planes... and we have to make our core be empowered."
5. The "I Love It" rapper said Hillary Clinton's campaign didn't make him feel like a man's man, but Trump's "Make America Great Again" slogan made him feel like Superman.
"I love Hillary... But the campaign 'I'm With Her' just didn't make me feel as a guy — that didn't get to see my dad a lot of the time— that could play catch with his son. It was something about when I put this [Make America Great Again] hat on, it made me feel like Superman. You made a superman cape for me..."
6. He said people claiming Trump is a racist doesn't affect his love for him.
"You think racism can control me? Oh, that don't stop me. That's an invisible wall."
7. Kanye told a reporter he's like a "fine wine."
"I don't answer questions in simple sound bites. You are tasting a fine wine. It has multiple notes to it. You better play 4-d chess with me like it's a minority report because it ain't that simple, it's complex."
8. He doubled down on his "abolish the 13th Amendment" statement.
"I did say abolish [the 13th Amendement] with the [MAGA] hat on because why would you keep something around that's a trap door... We don't have 13 floors, do we? We don't need sentences, we need pardons. We need to talk to people... We don't have the reparations but we have the 13th Amendment. We gotta open up the whole conversation."
9. Ye told Trump he loves him and gave him a hug to prove it.
"I love you!"
10. To end his 10-minute monologue, Kanye called trump a "hero," while calling himself a "crazy motherf**ker."
"Let's stop worrying about the future all we really have is today...Trump is on his hero's journey right now. And might not have thought he'd have a crazy motherf**ker like Kanye West's support."
During his bizarre visit to the Oval office, Kanye also revealed the simple password to his cell phone: 000000.
Check it out below!
Photo: Getty Images


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- Semi-Detached.
- 3
- 2
- 2
- Garage
- Area 96.0 sq.m (1028 sq.ft)
The New Walton, a light and airy home perfect for modern family living.
At the heart of this home is a stunning open-plan kitchen and dining/family room. The impressive skylight windows flood the contemporary space with light, whilst the stylish French doors open out onto your private garden. Walk back through the house into the separate living room that is finished off with a beautiful bay window. Downstairs is completed by a handy WC, storage space and all-important garage. Upstairs, three good-sized bedrooms make The New Walton a great family home with the master bedroom boasting its own en-suite bathroom. The family bathroom features Porcelanosa tiles as well as a separate shower cubicle and bath.
Ground Floor
3.40m x 3.22m (11'2" x 10'7")
4.28m x 3.29m (14'1" x 10'11")
Living Room
4.30m x 2.71m (14'1" x 8'11")
First Floor
Master Bedroom
3.07m x 4.27m (10'1″ x 14'1")
Bedroom 2
3.38m x 2.82m (11'1" x 9'3")
Bedroom 3
2.50m x 3.18m (8'2" x 10'5″)
Some plots may be subject to additional gable and bay windows. Garage position may vary. All gable and bay windows are plot specific and subject to change. The external elevations, architectural detailing and floor plans of individual housetypes may vary from those illustrated. All room sizes are approximate with maximum dimensions. Please ask our Sales Consultant for detailed information. While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained on this page is correct, it is designed specifically as a guide and Countryside Properties Northern Ltd. reserve the right to amend the specifications as necessary and without notice. This does not constitute or form any part of contract or sale. Images are indicative only. Countryside Properties 2019.


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Eye Opening Facts About Vastu Shastra And Vastu Consultants, Revealed By Dr. Kunal Kaushik VASTU
Eye opening facts About Vastu "Vastu Advice taken BUT got No Results"
In this video, the world famous vastu expert Dr. Kunal Kaushik talks about the very common problem that people across the globe face after getting a vastu survey done from common vastu consultants. Even after paying a hefty amount of money to these so called hoax vastu consultants, they seem to get no real results. All the problems that they have been facing remain the same.
Dr. Kunal Kaushik, who is a world renowned vastu expert is famous for dealing with such cases where the consumer is getting no real results. He has been in this field for almost a decade now and can sort out such vastu related problems with utmost ease.
About Dr. Kunal Kaushik
Dr. Kunal Kaushik has created a niche for himself in the world of Vastu shastra in a very short span of time. he has been winning accolades for his fine work in his field. Vastu has been his field of interest since the very beginning and he has been actively writing literature and studying the various scriptures related to Vastu shastra since his early days of study. During his study, he used to visit different places like Dubai, Singapore and Europe to study the topography and geography in detail so that his study stands on solid grounds. He has travelled far and wide across the globe for his research in the field of Vastu shastra. For, Vastu shastra is an extensive subject that needs time and devotion to be mastered. It has taken him A GREAT DEAL OF work to achieve such a high stature, that he has managed to bring about today.
His clientele comprises of the crème de la crème of the society. He has thousands of clients across the world who refuse to move without a nod from Dr. Kunal Kaushik. This is nothing but the hard work and dedication that his expertise has brought for him.
He has travelled internationally for giving Vastu related advice and consultations to his internationally acclaimed clients who have been ardent followers of Dr. Kunal Kaushik and have given upon him, the responsibility of all their Vastu related endeavours. Industrialists, businessmen and politicians have consulted him from various countries like Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Indonesia, South Africa, Mauritius, United States, Canada, France, Spain, United Kingdom etc and have seen some very crucial things working in their favour as they wanted them to.
Dr. Kunal Kaushik is the No.1 Scientific Vastu Consultant who has won the most no. of awards and rewards in his field of work. He has not only achieved a lot of fame for his work but has also taught Vastu Shastra to thousands of students who feel privileged to be studying and working under him. He has catered to the upper crust of the society and has also seen a great number of his clients achieving laurels after getting his guidance.
Dr. Kunal Kaushik has a great many number of Scientific Vastu Instruments and Energy Scanners that are high – tech in nature and provide readings that help Dr. Kunal in deciding the best Vastu remedy for a given project. He has more than 10 Highly Sensitive Scientific Energy Scanners and Instruments that help him in getting to know the given site and work accordingly.
He is one of the highly qualified Vastu Consultants in India. There are many Vastu Experts who propagate Superstitious practices but Dr. Kunal Kaushik is anti-Superstition and pro-Scientific Vastu Expert. He is an avid supporter of Vastu without Demolition which simply means putting Vastu practices to work without demolishing any part of the premise Building. He is aware of all the newest ways of Vastu Shastra and there is a plethora of knowledge within him. He is the true embodiment of the modern Vastu Consultant who is brimming with knowledge about latest and newest technical Vastu Shastra practices. Everything that is known to him as well. There is definitely nobody across the world who can come at par 'with him in his unmatched knowledge' unrivalled experience and unprecedented wisdom in his field.
He uses more than 12 Scientific Vastu Scanners, Sensors and Instruments for Vastu Consultation. He is the only Vastu Expert who promotes "Zero Superstition Vastu". He is the only Vastu Consultant who uses ACESS technology for Premise Aura Scanning. He also checks and cure more than 18 types of radiations, negative energies and stress like: Electromagnetic Radiations, Earth Energy, Parallel Radiations, Telluric Energy, Diagonal Field, Cosmo Telluric Channel, Cardinal Points, Global Field, EMW, Geopathic Stress etc. He also practices Feng Shui with Instruments.
He has won more than 28 Awards, Gold Medals and Certificates in Vastu, Feng Shui and Aura.
Dr. Kunal Kaushik is the only Vastu Consultant in the World who follows the guidelines of many International organizations like: WHO, IGBC, USEPA, MNRE, GRIHA etc for Vastu Consultation.
==== Benefits of Vastu Consultation: ====
Attract More Money, Control Abnormal Behaviour, Create Financial Security, Create New Opportunities, Get Best Product Quality, Get Big Order and Sales, Getting Fame & Recognition, Heal Depression, Improve Grades in Studies, Joy & Happiness, Maximize Industrial Production, Overcome Anxiety, Power & Confidence, Stop Draining Money & Efforts, Strengthen Love & Relationships
To Consult For Your Homes/Apartments, Office/Shops, Factories/Industries, Hotels/Restaurants, Hospitals/Clinics, Plots etc Contact Dr. Kunal Kaushik At: +91-9871117222, +91-9811167701


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The Super Hero Workout – The Weightlifting Exercises (Part 4)
October 23, 2009 by Shaun
Filed under The Fitness Bug
This is the fourth and final day of the super hero workout – the weightlifting exercises. How ever, if I do get to speak to any of these super heroes in person anytime soon, I'll be sure to find out their super hero weightlifting workout routines for you.
There have been a few articles where I talk about the correct way to lift weights for building muscle fast, such as the high metabolism workout. The best way to lift weights is with an explosive movement, because that is when the muscles begin to work the most. To perform those explosive movements effectively you will need flexibly, quick reflexes and of course, explosive strength.
Although Venom is one of my favourite marvel comic super heroes, Spiderman is the one that would best represent these attributes.
So how can you develop speed, agility and explosive strength like Spiderman?
There are a few ways, but these next few exercises will be good start. All of which will improve your explosive speed and strength during your weightlifting workout routines and your cardio training routines.
The Box Jump
This is all about training the muscle memory in your legs. Do this exercise enough and you'll find yourself performing quick foot movements during your every day actions such as walking up stairs or climbing ladders.
- Set up a box or aerobics step in front of you, high enough to be challenging, but low enough to be safe
- Then bend your hips and knees to gather momentum
- Explosively jump onto the box and hold for a second
- Step off the box.
- That represents one set
Perform six sets of three reps, resting 60 seconds between sets.
You could also perform these on your house steps if you can't find a box.
Slalom Rope Skips
Skipping is a classic way to increase the responsiveness of the movements in your legs and performing slalom skips will help you do just that.
- Stand with your feet together holding a jump rope, and imagine a line beneath your feet. Begin the skip rope while simultaneously jumping side to side, back and forth over the line, as quickly as possible, keeping your feet together.
- Continue for 30 seconds.
Perform five to six sets, resting 30-60 seconds between each set before lifting.
Pro-Agility Shuttle
When I was at school, they would call this exercise the beep test, and it will most likely deceive you the first time that you perform it. The Pro-Agility Shuttle is like the shortened version of the beep test.
Here's how you can do the shuttle run.
- Find a field or court with a lined surface, or set up cones to act in place of lines.
- You need three lines spaced five yards apart from each other.
- Straddle the middle line, get into a three-point stance, and place one hand on the ground. Now turn and sprint five yards to your left and touch the left-most line with your left hand.
- Then turn and run 10 yards to your right and touch the right-most line with your right hand.
- Finally, turn and sprint back five yards to the line you started at.
- That's one shuttle.
Perform six to eight shuttles, resting 60-90 seconds between each. Begin each shuttle by running in a different direction than you did in the previous one.
For example
In your second shuttle, start by sprinting to the right.
This will test your reflexes and endurance, and will beat the crap out of you when it does. Keep that in mind and you won't have me on your back telling you I told you so.
This can all be a part of your cardio workout routine, and if you stick at these exercises, within a couple months, you'll find yourself bouncing around just like Spiderman.
See you in the comments.
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They say anyone who loves their job never works a day in their life. Florida strawberry, blueberry and vegetable giant Wish Farms takes that idea one step further in a series of hilarious videos that present the idea that behind-the-scenes pixies are in fact responsible for the company's product and success.
This trio of two-minute videos introduces viewers to one of Wish Farms' primary pixies, then show how he trains others and oversees operations at the company's fields and packinghouses.


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Welcome to Watch List, where we identify five things on TV to watch while you stay at home and celebrate your anniversary with the Mrs. Awwwwww… LET'S GO!
GLEE – 8:00PM (FOX) It's the season premiere of Fox's smash hit for people who love jazz hands. Tonight, the kids take on new renditions of "Empire State of Mind" (hopefully they corrected the grammar in the chorus), "Telephone," and, yes, "Every Rose Has Its Thorn." I don't watch "Glee," but I did hear the cast redo Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" on the radio once. And, after hearing it, I can say with all conviction that I do not believe in America anymore. I once had a dream of what America could be. That dream is now dead. ANTICIPATION: KARAOKE!
RAISING HOPE – 9:00PM (FOX) Fox has a rather sorry history of making live action comedies, but darned if they won't stop trying. Tonight's latest offering is a pair of sitcoms. First up, this family comedy from "My Name Is Earl" creator Greg Garcia, about a 23-year-old dude who has a son after an encounter with a violent criminal (Bijou Phillips, presumably playing herself given the character description). He and the son then, you guessed it, move in with his sassy folks. Hijinks ensue. Before you turn up your nose, you should know this is considered one of the more promising pilots of the fall season. So give it a chance before Fox moves it around 700 times on the schedule. ANTICIPATION: HOPEFUL!
RUNNING WILDE – 9:30PM (FOX) Fox's second new sitcom of the night stars the excellent Will Arnett in this sitcom about a wealthy playboy (is there any other kind of playboy?) who tries to romance his childhood love, a humanitarian played by Keri Russell ("Felicity"). The tagline "Ego meets eco" will make you groan, but surely there's enough Arnett here to keep you tuned in for a bit. Please note that this show is NOT 30 minutes of Olivia Wilde running in skintight outfits, though I think it should be. ANTICIPATION: PANT FULL OF BONE!
DETROIT 187 – 10:00PM (ABC) ABC's latest cop drama stars Michael Imperioli of "The Sopranos" and takes place in the ravaged landscape of modern-day Detroit. Look at the ads for this and you'd swear it was a show on TNT. They even use TNT's red circle logo. Someone in ABC's marketing department does NOT know drama. ANTICIPATION: BODIES!
NCIS – 8:00PM (CBS) TV's #1 drama and its LA spinoff are all new for three hours tonight over at CBS. Because your grandparents need SOMETHING to watch, do they not? ANTICIPATION: STAID!
Tuesday Watch List: Glee Will Destroy The World
Welcome to Watch List, where we identify five things on TV to watch while you stay at home and celebrate your anniversary with the Mrs. Awwwwww… LET'S GO!


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Get the Link to This Publication
You can copy and paste this link into any site, or bookmark it online or offline with any service.
- Done
- Details
- Description
- Published by:
- Attractions Magazine
- Published:
- 5/17/2011
- Specs:
Standard / 8.25" x 10.75"64 pages Saddle-stitched
- Category:
- Travel & Vacations
- Tags:
• COVER STORY: Florida's Roller Coasters
Your guide to Florida's biggest and best coasters.
• Q&A with a Legend
We talk with Disney Legend Marty Sklar
• Skipper Ben's Top 10
What do you miss most in Orlando?
• New Disney Community in Development Golden Oak offers a way to live on Disney property.
• More than a Museum - Fantasy of Flight This roadside attraction is celebrating 15 years.
• Getting Around Orlando
All your options for getting from here to there.
• New Plans for Pleasure Island
Disney hopes Hyperion Wharf will bring nightlife back to Downtown Disney.
Plus resorts, puzzles, restaurants, updates, cartoons, contest and more.


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Power rankings. You hate them. They're so arbitrary and pointless, especially when they include all 32 NFL teams. All you want to know after a good week of NFL action is who's the bestest team in the NFL right now, and which one is the absolute paint-sniffing worst. The one so awful, it could easily throw a game-losing pick to the Packers and have that pick be whitewashed by Cris Collinsworth. That's why we have TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE NFL, where we go to great lengths to tell you who's the top dog in football right now, this very minute. LET'S GO!
THE TOP: Pittsburgh Steelers
While everyone is complaining about how crummy the NFC is, the AFC playoffs are shaping up to be the most competitive ever.
Take a look at the four wild card teams potentially competing for the wild card in the AFC: New England, Baltimore, Houston, and Tennessee. Two of those teams likely aren't gonna make the playoffs, but probably could snag a one-seed in the NFC. The AFC is so loaded, it's practically obscene.
And the injury to Steelers DE Aaron Smith only makes the logjam tighter. The Steelers needed a bizarre replay call to escape Miami with a win, but that struck me as the kind of thing that happens to a team experiencing a charmed season. It was the kind of win that Pittsburgh routinely pulled out in 2008, their last title season.
THE BOTTOM: San Diego Chargers
Again, there'll be plenty of time for the poor Bills to wallow in the spot the rest of the year. But let's cut them a break after they nearly beat Baltimore in Baltimore and discovered their Quarterback of the Canadian Future in Ryan Fitzpatrick.
Instead, let's focus our attention on the Chargers.
U.S. & World
Oh, the Chargers. Do they even have a coach? They do? Does he sit around playing backgammon all day? How else do you explain this team? How else do you explain not one, but TWO instances of a Chargers offensive player leaving a live ball sitting there on the turf for any Patriot to scoop up and run down the field with?
There was no whistle on either play. Is this team so poorly coached that they don't even know to listen for a whistle (NOTE TO SAN DIEGO PLAYERS: A whistle sounds like this: WOOOOOOWOOOOOOOO!!!!)? I assume Norv Turner doesn't employ a whistle at practice, lest it be too stern a way to get his point across.
The Chargers didn't look like they even wanted to be there until the fourth quarter on Sunday. Like the Cowboys, there's a constant feeling when you watch this team that they are squandering precious chances to win a title simply so that the man in charge (Jerry Jones, AJ Smith) can keep his fingerprints all over the team.
Well, reap what you sow, AJ. Your team sucks.
Drew Magary covers the NFL for NBC Local Media. His Top and Bottom feature appears every Monday.


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mid September bakes
A couple of recent bakes here... The first a 50% whole wheat sourdough.
My loaves were a bit small for the brotforms I used so they didn't come out too impressive looking, but they tasted really nice, nutty and tart. I used Nunweiller's Red Fife Flour, which contributed significantly to the flavour.
I also made Hamelman's Golden Raisin Loaf.
This one is about 20% whole wheat and includes both a levain and a bit of commercial yeast.
Quite a tasty loaf, though as is to be expected it staled noticeably quicker than the pure sourdough loaves did.


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A. The religious orders of Roman Catholic sisters, or nuns, have kept very good records of their members. Often, this information will include the birth place of the nun and her parents' names. Sometimes even the parents' birth places are given! In order to find records for your great-great aunts, you need to first find out what religious order they belonged to. If you can find an obituary for one of them, it should state this information. You can also tell by the initials after their names, such as with "Sister Mary Joseph, OCD." Religious sisters usually took on new religious names when they joined the order. The initials at the end of the name refer to their particular order or "congregation" (in this case, OCD stands for the Discalced Carmelite Nuns).
Here's an online guide to acronyms for Catholic religious orders.
Once you have the religious order identified, then you can look up their national or provincial motherhouse/headquarters address in a modern edition of The Official Catholic Directory (P.J. Kenedy & Sons, available in libraries), which is published annually. This directory also gives the abbreviations corresponding to each religious order. Usually each order (or province of that order, if it has a large membership) has an archivist who will assist with enquiries like yours.
By the way, the same excellent biographical information can generally be found for Roman Catholic priests and religious brothers, in the archives of their religious orders, dioceses and seminaries. So in your research, don't ignore your ancestors' sisters and brothers who went into religious life. Their records may hold the key to important facts about your family, such as their place of origin abroad.


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The formal launch of the American Craft Distillers Association (ACDA) was announced today.
As Rory Donovan, interim president of ACDA, explains, ACDA was formed "of, by, and for licensed craft distillers" in order to "promote and protect craft distilling in the United States."
Craft distilling is a phenomenon sweeping the country. With more than 320 distilleries in existence and more on the way, products run the full gamut from brandy to bourbon, and all are gaining popularity with mixologists, restaurants, and consumers around the country.
According to Penn Jensen, ACDA executive director, "Our focus will be on brand building, public outreach, and legislative action on national and state levels to support the entrepreneur craft distillers everywhere in the U.S."
The board of directors of the new organization reads as a "Who's Who" in the burgeoning world of craft distilling. They include:
Rory Donovan, Peach Street Distillery
[email protected]
Vice President
Ted Huber, Starlight Distillery
[email protected]
Brett Joyce, Rogue Brewing and Distilling
[email protected]
Board Members
Ralph Erenzo, Tuthilltown Distillery
Lee Medoff, Bull Run Distillery
Tom Potter, NY Distilling Co.
Chip Tate, Balcones Distillery
Rick Wasmund, Copper Fox Distillery
Andrew Weber, Corsair Distillery
Ex Officio Member
David Pickerell, Oakview Consulting


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A bug in the KDE Linux desktop that made penguin-powered computers spill their cookie jars has been resolved after more than a decade.
The flaw in the free-software environment is best described as a glitch or irritant rather than anything serious, but it did cause some systems to forget their web cookies after a reboot or shutdown - throwing users out of websites and forcing them to log in again.
At first, it was thought the bug was in the "Reject Cross-Domain Cookies" feature of the KDE Libraries, although further probing traced the fault to an uninitialised variable in the platform's cookie jar.
It appears nobody complained about the oversight, so it was only when developer Thiago Macieira came across the error and fixed it in revision 794b14b8 last week that its existence came to light.
"For several months now, all my cookies would be forgotten after a kded restart," Macieira explained. "After debugging the problem, it turns out that mCrossDomain was of value 127, which makes no sense for a boolean."
"This variable has been present since 2002, which means that the 'reject cross domain cookies' feature has been broken for 10 years and 8 months," he added.
Macieira's explanation makes clear that the minor bug was resolved easily and with minimal fuss. Any complex software package harbours all sorts of long-hidden bugs, some of which are probably never identified and fixed. Still, is a decade between the inclusion of a bug and its resolution something of a record? There must surely be big-iron software running for longer with glitches allowed to stand or that remain hidden. Let us know in The Register forums. ®


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EVERY DAY we are revealing the exciting new team of bloggers lined up for this website, www.anglersmail.co.uk
Very soon (from Monday, July 30) we'll be having live blogs, one a day, covering the whole spectrum for modern coarse angling.
Here, Angler's Mail gives a warm welcome here to the Pike Anglers Club crew, who will be part of our new blog team. We take predator fishing seriously at the Mail, so are delighted our pals at the PAC are on board. Their first blog was written by Dave Mutton, the PAC webmaster.
Read on, and check back for more bloggers' introductions, in their own words…
THE Pike Anglers Club of Great Britain was formed back in 1977 and has nearly 2,000 members. The aim of the club is to protect and preserve pike and pike fishing now and for future generations.
The keys to doing this are fourfold: Information, Education, Conservation and last, but certainly not least, Enjoyment.
The PAC is made up of individual Regions that hold their own events such as fishing days, coaching sessions and talks and slideshows often featuring well known anglers such as Mick Brown or Martin Bowler to name but two.
Our Mission Statement is 'The Pike Anglers Club of Great Britain will work to establish an environment in which pike are valued, both as a sporting fish and a necessary part of the management and ecology of fresh waters.'
Here's a quick look at some of the content on our regular blog, coming soon, to www.anglersmail.co.uk
Conservation and the PAC
A regular feature here will highlight work the PAC carries out, both nationally and locally in the conservation of pike and freshwater habitats in general.
The PAC actively works with such bodies as the Environment Agency, British Waterways, The Angling Trust and The Broads Authority to fight against pollution, illegal netting, fish removals etc.
You'll find out we're up to!
Regional roundup
A regular overview of all regional activities, focussing on forthcoming events and reports, photos etc from recent events. Many of the events are open to all whether it be a coaching session with a qualified angling coach or a night featuring a big-name speaker. If a star is giving a talk and slideshow at a local venue, we'll tell you. And we'll have links to regional PAC sites
Catch Reports. Although pike anglers are a notoriously secretive bunch, there are always plenty of pics of big fish and reports that will grab people's attention. We'll reveal some here – and keep an eye on the top pike coverage in Angler's Mail magazine, of course!
Tackle reviews. Bankside reviews of both what's new on the market and what tried and tested in the world of pike fishing. We'll include links to the manufacturers' sites.
Thoughts from the bankside. Profile pieces on an individual angler, whether it be a National Committee Member, Liaison Officer, regional organiser or an active member. This will be a chance to have his say on any pike or general angling issues. Plus there'll be pics of recent catches and tackle or rig ideas he wants to share with you guys.
PAC – Working for the future of Pike and Pike Fishing. Be sure to follow our blog here on the new-look Angler's Mail magazine website!
- JOIN the PAC and find out more at the official PAC website.


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By Alan Behr
NEW YORK, 22 JANUARY 2014 Nominally, the exhibition Ileana Sonnabend: Ambassador for the New, at The Museum of Modern Art in New York, is a homage to artistic patronage and curation. Sonnabend (1914 - 2007) opened art galleries in Paris (in 1962) and in New York (eight years later) that gave the first significant exposure to the works of a variety of artists who would help define the visual arts of the latter part of the last century. In actuality, the graciously compact show of prominent works incubated by Sonnabend is also about the one remaining love that dare not speak its namethat between art and money. As Sonnabend herself put it, "I take [artists] when they are young and cheap and I make them famous and expensive."
For the young Jeff Koons to create and exhibit his breakthrough Banality series, someone had to pay the artisans in Europe to "fabricate" (an artspeak form of "actually make") the pieces. And then someone had to make a joyful noise about them so that collectors would come in, see them, buy them for a riotous mark up, appreciate and understand them, and display, loan out, and extol them in some expectation of financial reward.
For Koons, that angel of mercy was Ileana Sonnabend, and in honor of that event, the MoMA exhibition includes a Banality work, Pink Panther (1988). It is a porcelain sculpture of the actress Jayne Mansfield, here all blonde locks, boobs and ass, getting a good squeeze from a perplexed looking Pink Panther (a cartoon character whose origins trace back to a 1963 Peter Sellers comedy film). As with the rest of the Banality series, the work was intended as both commentary on, and flagrant commercial exploitation of, the slick execution and simplistic demands of pop culture entertainments. In the informative catalogue that accompanies the exhibition, Koons reports that Sonnabend did not have a full idea of what she had actually paid for until the Banality works arrived at her New York gallery. That story alone tells us two things about Ileana Sonnabend: she had confidence in her own vision and great entrepreneurial courage.
Sonnabend was born Ileana Schapira in Bucharest, the daughter of one of Romanias richest men. Under the guiding hand of her fathers money, she and then-husband Leo Castelli opened a gallery in Paris just before the outbreak of the Second World War. Being Jewish, they were soon on the run, arriving in New York in 1941 with their daughter, Nina; the nanny; and the family dachshund. There were two kinds of wealthy Jewish émigrés in New York in the second half of the twentieth century: those who brought their wealth with them and those who were forced to leave it behind. Ileanas father made sure that the family fell into the former category, having earlier put money into American assets. He provided the seed capital for Castelli to open his New York gallery, in 1957. One exceptionally amicable divorce and remarriage (to Michael Sonnabend) later, and Sonnabend was both a competitor of, and a collaborator with, her first husband in championing artists of the era who would soon make names for themselves.
The Western art market was then undergoing its great migration, propelled by war and disparate prosperity, away from its European roots and toward an American form of high culture that was accented with newly articulate Jewish voices. That is a long story to encapsulate in a small exhibition, but the curators have done an honest job of it by making well-known works the focal point: much of the successful art on display here became recognized as great art because Ileana Sonnabend worked hard to sell it into the primary market.
Sonnabend recognized photography as an art form equal to the others before just about anyone else in the business. Representing Bernd and Hilda Becher at the MoMA tribute is Winding Towers (1966-97), a poster-like assembly of nine black and white photographs of obsolescent coal-mine architecture. Their work has become to the memory of the early phase of German heavy industry what Eugène Atgets photographs have become for the memory of lost Paris. Tom Wesselmanns rear-illuminated Great American Nude #75 (1965) is also includedlooking as fetching as ever with her cherry-red lips and nipples and a neatly unfinished face that you recognize as alluring only by implication. From Robert Rauschenberg, we have Canyon, with its sawed off American bald eagle jutting in flight-simulating death from a canvas backdrop. Sonnabend owned this most important of the artists "combines" until her death. And could we possibly have Andy Warhol at this exhibition without including his 1973 double portrait of Sonnabend herself?
The long corridor to the exhibition is lined with large photographs of Sonnabend, installations, and artists. We are mercifully spared glass display cases of letters, photographs, invitations, and other marginalia of personal history; they would interfere with sightlines in the examination of the works, many of which are quite large. We are, instead, allowed to see art the way that Sonnabend showed it: chaperoned only by more art, with ample room in between and in front for each piece to claim its own space and, through it, context.
There are works the meanings of which are, in the spirit of their era, left to vivid imaginations. Those include Piero Manzonis Line 1000 Meters Long (1961), which consists of just that inside a closed metal drumshould anyone one day have need of a roll of paper that long. There are black and white photographs by Hiroshi Sugimoto of taxidermist dioramas of animals in simulated habitats (1976 -1980). (The dioramas are still in situ at the American Museum of Natural History.)
In contrast, understanding Senza titolo (Struttura che mangia) (1968) by Giovanni Anselmo is simple: a small block of granite is held to a larger one by a copper wire; a splayed head of lettuce serves as the washer between them, giving the sculpture the appearance of a clever headstone for a beloved pet bunny. If the lettuce should be allowed to wilt, the smaller block will fall to a pile of sawdust on the floor. Someone at MoMA is apparently tasked with going to the grocery store for the replacement lettuce installed each Wednesday, thereby depriving you of the promised Humpty Dumpty experience. Indeed, the piece would probably be more compelling if the block were permitted to fall now and then.
In time, Sonnabend aged into the role of mother and grandmother for her artists; she lived comparatively modestly; she wore dowdy wigs and baggy dresses and even enjoyed knitting. Sonnabend died in 2007, exactly one week shy of her 93rd birthday. As with any facilitator in a business of massaging money from artwhether at a publisher, a record label, a movie studio or art gallerySonnabend could select, refine, guide, and edit. She might have been the spiritual mother of her artists works, but at the end of the day, she had to set her artists and their creations into the world to fend for themselves. She was justifiably proud of what followed.
And those artists, whether dead or alive, continue do rather well, all in all. Koons Pink Panther survived one of the much-debated copyright-infringement lawsuits filed against him (a collateral topic in two respectful dust-ups I have had during panel discussions with his lawyer), as well as some controversy over its resale value, to become a beloved bit of nonsense sure to enliven any exhibition where it lands. Canyon is now in the collection of MoMA due to a legal Catch-22: you cannot sell anything containing a bald eagle, which, as the national bird of the USA, is protected by federal law. That means Canyon has a resale value of zerowhich did not stop the Internal Revenue Service from researching the art market and arriving at a valuation of $65 million. That resulted in a tax bill of over $29 million to Sonnabends heirs for receiving title to the unsaleable masterpiece. The heirs sensibly settled with the authorities by donating the work to MoMA, where it will fascinate enthusiasts and frighten preschoolers for years to come.
Sonnabend the business is still in business and apparently doing rather well. As an exhibition framed around the deeds and the taste of its founder reminds us: art can be beautiful, provocative, transcendent, and even transformative, but art mixed with stacks of money and a dash of law is wicked good fun.
Ileana Sonnabend: Ambassador for the New
Ileana Sonnabend: Ambassador for the New
Alan Behr practices intellectual property law at the Phillips Nizer LLP and is a member of lAssociation Internationale des Critiques dArt. He last wrote on Bill Brandt at MoMA in New York for Culturekiosque.
Related Culturekiosque Archives
Ripple Effect: Leo Castelli and the Birth of the Contemporary Art Market
Book Tip: BMW Art Guide by Independent Collectors
Basquiat's Crown Hotel Sells for $7.4m in Paris
Dispatch from Versailles: From the Ridiculous to the Sublime
Jeff Koon's Hanging Heart Sets Record at Auction
"Servicemen and Women " at Londons Saatchi Gallery
Ileana Sonnabend: An Italian Portrait
Arte Povera: The Great Awakening: Boetti, Kounellis, Merz, Pistoletto from the Goetz Collection
The Most Scandalous Performance Art of the 1970s
Book Review: The Warhol Economy;
Comment: Frye-Ku Folio: 8.
From Futurism to Arte Povera: Works from the Marcello Levi Collection
Skin Fruit: Selections from the Dakis Joannou Collection - Curated by Jeff Koons
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Technology, Media & Telecommunications
Technology has dramatically transformed the way people and companies communicate, share information and conduct business.
GTCR has capitalized on the strong growth in information services and technology by investing in a variety of dynamic growth industries that use software, services, proprietary information and networks to help companies more efficiently communicate and conduct business with each other.
GTCR's team of highly resourceful investment professionals continues to actively seek opportunities in software, services, data and information services, technology-based outsourcing and network-based services. We proactively recruit world-class management leaders and entrepreneurs to partner with in these industries.
Since 1997, GTCR has invested in nearly 30 companies in the technology, media and telecommunications sector. Continued advancements and innovations in technology, software, data and networks are creating exciting new private equity investment opportunities for the firm.


text: Writers are told to "write what you know," yet death is ultimately unknowable. We can witness the moment right before, but the next reality remains elusive and writers unavoidably focus on life. Two-time National Book Award finalist Edwidge Danticat comes to CHF to discuss her astute and intimate The Art of Death, a personal account of her mother's death from cancer and a deeply considered reckoning of how other writers, from Toni Morrison to C.S. Lewis, have approached death in their own work. Tracie Hall Director of Culture Program at the Joyce Foundation, joins Danticat for this profound and moving discussion.


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Uriah Heep Fan Conventions and Conventioneers
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How many hours of sleep do you get every night?
According to experts, a good night's sleep is so important for physical and mental well-being that its lack poses a grave risk to public health. And the toll of inadequate slumber is well documented in studies linking bad sleep to obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders.
The risk of injury is so high that recently, a group of sleep specialists meeting in Montreal felt compelled to agitate for a national sleep policy.
But how to get your eight hours when so many things are competing for our time? WebMD has compiled a list of 20 things we can do to get that good night's rest.


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They have a lot of things going on this summer at the Arthur Child Heritage Museum, in Gananoque, Ontario, right next to St. Lawrence River.
On Canada Day, the museum will start serving cake at noon on July 1, and they will continue as long as cake is available.
On July 3, 17 and 31 the featured treat at the museum will be an old-fashioned lemonade stand with fresh made lemonade at one dollar per glass.
The museum will offer heritage teas on July 10 and 24 from 2 to 3 p.m., and they hope to offer alternating tea and lemonade events in August.
They are redesigning the website and it will be called Our Story Preserved. The website will hopefully be available soon.
To visit the website, go to www.1000islandsheritagemuseum.com


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Last week, we have released a new admin panel theme from themio. This new theme, "Utopia" comes packed with lots of beautifully crafted UI elements and it is built on top of popular twitter bootstrap framework. So you will be getting all the features of twitter bootstrap plus the extras.
Check Utopia in Themeforest: Click here
Utopia comes with two themes white and dark which will suit your need in different situations. The collapsible sidebar and widgets, data tables, conversations tables, pricing tables and numbers of galleries with image effect will make it a perfect choice for the backend of your web applications
Dashoboard comes with a glimpse of beautifully crafted UI elements that comes with Utopia. The collapsible and
sidebar, data tables, legends, weather controls, data tables, news feed ticker and many more
Maps and Notifications
Newsfeed ticker
Pricing tables
Utopia has three beautiful pricing tables included, one of them looks like this
Charts and Graphs
Utopia comes with excellent charting elements built on top of powerful jQuery framework. It has flot charts like pie,
bar, line, spark line charts and beautiful data gauges.
Icon buttons
You can do a lot of things with the icons and button styles that comes integrated with utopia, ranging from
normal color ful buttons to social counters, icon buttons to advanced circular buttons.
Square and Circular buttons
Advanced UI elements
Beside a massive collection of regular UI controls, Utopia comes jam packed with advanced UI elements. Here is just a
small glimpse of the badge and knobs
Check Utopia in Themeforest: Click here
Features in detail
- Responsive layout based on Bootstrap grid system
- Collapsible sidebar and widgets
- 3 nice looking, fully styled of pricing tables included
- Multiple data tables
- Tables with static data and multiple layout format
- Tables with actions buttons
- Tables with pagination
- Sortable and searchable data table
- Conversation and chat layouts
- Mailbox layout like Gmail
- 3 types of chat conversation layout with avatars
- Three beautifully designed pricing tables
- Fluid Grid and Typography layouts from Bootstrap
- Integrated bootstrap UI elements with Icon Font
- Google Maps
- Normal maps with single and multiple marker
- Maps with traffic layer
- Maps with polygons
- Maps with routing directions
- Maps with bicycle track layer
- Overall beautiful map container with texts and icons
- Charts and Graphs
- Beautiful placeholder for statistical legends
- Integrated flot charts for Pie, Line and Bar
- Realtime updating chart with live data
- Beautiful Gauges that works with different browsers
- Sparkline charts for pie, discrete, line and bar charts
- 13 types of barcode and barcode generating widgets included for onthe fly barcode generation
- QR code widget included for on the fly QR code generation
- UI Elements
- All the integrated elements from Bootstrap
- Excellent selectable dropdown with skin
- Slim and fat-free rich text editor
- Date picker control
- Color picker control
- Sliding data range control
- Various types of alerts and notifications
- Colorful buttons
- Circular Buttons
- Data knob control
- Pricing badge and tags
- Radio and Input control with different skins
- Flip switch control
- Star rating system
- Advanced tag input control
- Colorful progressbars
- Masked inputs
- Vertical and Horizontal Tabbed forms
- Live Weather widget
- Growl notification
- Counter buttons for social networks
- News feed ticker
- Image and Video Gallery
- Fluid grid based image gallery
- Gallery with filters and category search
- Beautiful image sliders with fantastic animations
- Fluid gallery with icons and images
- Gallery with beautiful hover effects
- Fully working image uploading system
- Audio player with playlist
- Cross browser compatible video player
- Embedded video player for youtube and vimeo videos
- Video gallery
- Calendar
- Fully working monthly, weekly and daily event calendar
- Todo list layout
- Normal calendar with date pickers
- 200+ icons with two flavours, bootstrap and google plus in both color and grey
- 404 Error pages
- Two beautiful skins
Check Utopia in Themeforest: Click here


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fbq('track', 'ViewContent');
Previous Lecture
Complete and continue
Popping Up
Introduction to Pop-Up Course
Welcome (1:07)
Pop-Up Movement Screen
Pop-Up: Hip Range of Motion Requirements
Rear Leg Range of Motion Requirements (0:55)
Front Leg Range of Motion Requirements (0:38)
Range of Motion: Hip Rotation in Your Front and Rear Leg (0:50)
Hip Range of Motion 'Self Check'
Range of Motion-Hip Flexion-Self Check (0:28)
Range of Motion- Hip Extension-Self Check (0:40)
Range of Motion: Hip Rotation-Self Check (0:53)
Pop-Up: Low Back Range of Motion Requirements
What Does Your Spine Need To Do? (1:05)
Lumbar Spine: Flexion-Self Check (0:39)
Range of Motion: Lumbar Extension-Self Check (0:57)
Motor Control and Postural Re-Education... Rewiring Your Body's Harddrive.
Motor Control Goals (1:08)
Motor Control: Assisted Shoulder Flexion with Resistive Band (0:50)
Motor Control: Unilateral Hip Hinge (1:04)
Assisted Straight Leg Raise (1:09)
Lower Extremity Rolling Patterns (1:04)
Stretching, Self Soft-Tissue and Joint Mobilizations... What are the Goals??
Stretching: How Long to Hold them and Why? (1:05)
What is 'Self-Mobilization"? (0:58)
Stretching: Front Leg Hip Extensor Flexibility
Hamstring Flexibility (0:52)
Standing 3-Way Hamstring and Adductor Stretch (0:35)
Supine 3-Way Hamstring Stretch (0:26)
Stretching: Rear Leg Hip Flexor Flexibility
Hip Flexor and Quad Stretching Importance (2:22)
Half-Kneeling Hip Flexor Stretch (0:48)
Quad Stretch with Foot on Ball (0:54)
Dangle Stretch (0:56)
Side-lying Quad Stretch (0:39)
What about Hip Rotation?
Hip Rotation
Hip Rotation Stretches For Your Rear Leg and Front Legs (0:38)
Gym Ball Hip Rotation (0:45)
Standing Hip Rotation Stretch (1:05)
Stretching: Resisted Hip Rotation Stretch (1:02)
Stretching: Improve Flexibility in Your Low Back/ Lumbar Spine
Stretching: Quadratus Lumborum (0:37)
Low Back/ Glut Stretch (0:41)
Latissimus Dorsi Stretch (0:33)
Lumber Spine Flexion Stretch (0:39)
Strengthening: Hips and Posterior Chain
Bridge (0:46)
Bridges with Legs on Ball (1:00)
Hamstring Curls with Legs on Ball (1:13)
Posterior Lunge with Single Limb March (0:45)
Resisted Posterior Lunge with March (0:40)
Strengthening: Lateral Hip
Clam Exercise (0:34)
Sidelying Hip Abduction (0:25)
Lateral Band Walks (1:57)
Strengthening: Lumbar Spine
Assisted Plank (1:10)
Wall Sit with Ball (0:52)
Multifidi Strengthening (0:41)
Agility Progressions to Help You "Pop"
Mountain Climbers With Resistive Tubing Assistance (0:39)
Agility Pop-Up Progressions Using Tubing (and Push-Up Handles)
Full Burpee with Push-Up Handles (0:27)
Forwards Stepping Agility Ladder Drills (0:53)
Lateral Ladder Stepping (0:23)
Resisted Agility Ladder Progressions (0:45)
Daily Check: Posture, Work Station, Product Recommendations
Work Station Set-Up Check In: (0:49)
Massage Stick (0:43)
Vasa Ergometer
Motor Control: Assisted Shoulder Flexion with Resistive Band
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Stock: Available
"French. Original. Fun."
« Picture France in 1946. The story of Méduse® begins with a revolutionary plastic invention; the jelly shoe. After its debut as a practical working shoe the jelly was soon found on the feet of fashionable holiday makers in the swinging 60's. 68 years later, Méduse® is still based in France and still sells its original model. With a distinctive spiked sole, rounded tip and weaved strands, it continues to symbolise the core style of Méduse®, and its design has become fundamentally timeless."
The authentic sandals jelly-shoes are a must-have summer accessories for kids. Sturdy and waterproof, these sandals are perfect for trips to the beach, to the shops, or even just to wear at home!
All the jelly-shoes range are made in phthalate-free plastics and are 100% recyclable.
Description:Green Jelly-shoes
Référence: Mexico Neon Green
Colour: Green
Sizes: from 22/23 to 30/31 size advice
Composition: PVC
Manufacturing: Made in France


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Participants must make their own arrangements to and from Geneva, Switzerland.
Switzerland joined the Schengen visa scheme on December 12, 2008. Therefore all foreign nationals who require a visa for entry into Switzerland will now require a Schengen visa to enter Switzerland.
Participants concerned are strongly advised to seek information on requirements applicable in their case from Swiss diplomatic or consular missions in their home countries. In countries where no Swiss representation exists, missions from other European Union member States will have to be contacted. Where a visa is required, applicants are strongly advised to apply at least six weeks prior to departure for Geneva.
For information on visa and other relevant regulations for travelling to Switzerland please also refer to the website of the Federal Office of Migration of Switzerland at: http://www.bfm.admin.ch/bfm/en/home.html
Hotel Accommodation
Participants are responsible for making their own accommodation arrangements.
Geneva has a full range of hotels of different categories. You may also reserve your room via a tourist operator or through the Geneva Tourist Office by visiting www.geneve-tourisme.ch
As there are many international meetings and events taking place in Geneva during the month of May, it is important that hotel reservations be made as soon as possible and by the end of April. A map of Geneva is also attached as Annex C for reference.
Arrival in Geneva and transportation
Taxis, Buses and the railway service link the Geneva Airport with the Cornavin Station (main station) in downtown Geneva every few minutes. From here, most hotels can be accessed via a range of public transport options including bus, trams and taxis.
Transport tickets can be purchased at the ticket machines next to the tram/ bus stops and can also be bought at the Geneva Transport Office (TPG office on the ground floor of the Gare Cornavin (main train station). Cards for multiple trips can also be purchased at a reduced rate from newsagents in town bearing the "TPG" sign.
Taxis are only available on call and cannot be hailed in the streets although there are taxi ranks in almost all main squares in Geneva and outside the Palais des Nations. Taxis can be called on the following local numbers:+41 22 320 2020+41 22 320 2202+41 22 311 4133
Transportation to the conference premises
The Palais des Nations can be reached by buses and trams. Bus numbers 5, 8, 11, 22, 28, F, V, and Z and tram numbers 13 and 15 stop at the Palais des Nations.
Maps of the Geneva bus/ tram network are available on the TPG (Geneva Public Transport) website.
Participants are requested to use the Pregny Gate entrance situated at 14, Avenue de la Paix, which is a five-minute walk from the main entrance (see map here) .
While the symposium is public, given that it is taking place at the United Nations Office in Geneva makes it imperative for all participants to adhere to the relevant United Nations security procedures, including registration deadlines and rules concerning identification badges.
For entry into the Palais des Nations, you will need a security pass, which is to be worn at all times on the premises. For this, participants are required to bring with them an official national identification or passport.
Upon arrival at the building you are therefore kindly requested to collect your badge at the United Nations Security Service, Pregny entrance (visitors' entrance, a five-minute walk from the main entrance). The Security Service is open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (non-stop).
Climate and Clothing
The weather in June in Geneva is normally mild (9 to 20 degrees Celsius) with occasional showers. Medium-weight clothing will therefore be sufficient.
Electricity in Switzerland is generally 230 volts (50 cycles). Travelers with computers and other appliances are advised to carry a plug adapter kit for the kind of plugs and sockets that are in use in Switzerland
Swiss Francs
The monetary unit is the Swiss franc, made up of 100 centimes. Notes are issued in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 1000 francs, and coins of 5, 10, 20, 50 centimes and 1, 2 and 5 francs. 1 Swiss Franc is equivalent to approximately 1.13 US$
Travellers cheques
Travellers' cheques, credit cards and foreign currency notes of all major currencies are accepted. Banking facilities are also available inside the UN premises.


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After crash landing on the long abandoned planet Earth, a father and son must work together to face the dangers of the planet and find their way to rescue.
In the hands of M Night Shyamalan, it winds up less interesting than it sounds.
A thousand years after fleeing Earth, the human race finds itself on a world called Nova Prime. Nova Prime is inhabited by a vicious indigenous species called Ursas, who literally can smell fear. One man however, Cypher Raige (Will Smith), learns to completely control his fear, and thus can walk undetected amongst the animals, becoming a lethal killing machine in humanity's war against the beasts.
His son Kitai (Jaden Smith), however, suffers from panic attacks after witnessing one of the creatures kill his sister. This fear holds him back from graduating in his military training, much to the disappointment of his father. So Cypher decides to take Kitai with him on an interplanetary mission to transport an Ursa, in order to spend some father/son time together.
Their ship is headed for tragedy, though, as it runs into an asteroid field, and is forced to hyperjump to escape. They wind up disabled and going down, over the now forbidden planet of Earth. When the crash landing splits the space ship in two, kills everyone else on board, and cripples his father, it will be up to Kitai to travel the hostile wilderness and retrieve the SOS beacon from the tail section of the ship. On the way, he'll have to master his fear… not only is the earth populated with dangerous creatures, but the Ursa that they were transporting has escaped.
"After Earth" combines two Hollywood lightning rods for criticism, Jaden Smith and M Night Shyamalan. Smith has received criticism for landing roles due to his father's influence. In this particular case, he doesn't quite have the necessary charisma to carry a huge role, though in fairness, his character isn't all that well written. For most of the movie, he's a whiney, nervous little punk; qualities that don't endear anyone to a character. His father's character isn't the greatest, either, he's ramrod straight and more than a little cold to his son. Again, qualities that aren't exactly endearing. These two characters are the primary focus of the film, so having them both be hard to get behind isn't a recipe for success.
The two of them are directed through this action-light action movie by Mr M. Night Shyamalan, who legendarily has produced films of declining caliber ever since first appearing on the scene. This particular film is currently sitting at 12% on Rotten Tomatoes, (which I think is overly harsh) so it wont help buck the trend. The story is flat and predictable, the action scenes are fine but nothing particularly memorable, and unfortunately, there are numerous moments when Shyamalan evidences his inner "hack", namely the glaring flashback sequences and one out-of-place dream sequence.
In the ultimate backhanded compliment, even though this movie is lackluster at best, it's still his best in years.
It's not a terrible film by any means, but given that it's Shyamalan and Nepotism Smith, people are going to be all over it. To me, it was a middling movie that had moments of mild entertainment value. Something that would make a decent watch when it hits premium cable later this year…


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Librarians often tell students to start researching with secondary sources. Secondary sources are a great starting point for researching an unfamiliar area, providing a narrative explanation of complex concepts, giving citations to primary authority, and commentary on cutting edge legal issues. Something we don't discuss that secondary sources can provide confirmation that there is no clear rule or guidance on an issue or common sense answer. In these instances, secondary sources are not our starting point, but rather our last ditch effort to find something, anything, to confirm that which is suspected as true. Recently a CLE (Continuing Legal Education) book confirmed for a researcher that there is no clear answer to a lien question. The book was found by using our catalog and searching for the larger concepts (association and Florida). Roaming the shelves is another great way to find secondary sources in print. We have a call number list on some of the shelves on the second floor that can help narrow this type of search.
Of course, secondary sources, including many CLEs, are available in Westlaw and Lexis, Hein Online, and sometimes in Google Books. It is important to remember that many secondary source titles are only available through one database. So, Tax Analyst titles are only available on Lexis, whereas WGL titles are only available in Westlaw. So it often a good idea as a student, who has educational access both Westlaw and Lexis, to search both vendors if information is still needed.


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EclipseLink/Release/2.4.0/JAXB RI Extensions/Cycle Recoverable
Cycle Recoverable
In the current JAXB RI, developed by Sun, there is a series of "proprietary" JAXB extensions which provide advanced functionality outside of the JAXB specification (these extension classes and properties reside in the com.sun.xml.bind package).
The CycleRecoverable interface allows the user to write their own logic to be used when object cycles are detected during marshal operations. When a cycle is detected, MOXy will invoke the onCycleDetected method, which returns a "replacement" object for the one that caused the cycle.
Consider the following two classes:
import java.util.*; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.*; @XmlRootElement public class Department { @XmlAttribute public int id; public String name; public List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<Employee>(); }
public class Employee { @XmlAttribute public int id; public String name; public Department dept; }
An object cycle would be created if you constructed the following objects:
Employee emp1 = new Employee(); emp1.name = "Fred Smith"; Department dept1 = new Department(); dept1.name = "Accounting"; emp1.dept = dept1; dept1.employees.add(emp1); JAXBContext ctx = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[] { Department.class }); ctx.createMarshaller().marshal(dept1, System.out);
A cycle is detected in the object graph. This will cause an infinite loop: Department@122cdb6 -> Employee@1ef9157 -> Department@122cdb6
By implementing the CycleRecoverable interface on the Department class, the user has the opportunity to provide a new Object for marshalling, replacing the duplicate Department. In this example, we will return a DepartmentPointer object that holds the id of the real Department.
import java.util.*; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.*; import com.sun.xml.bind.CycleRecoverable; @XmlRootElement public class Department implements CycleRecoverable { @XmlAttribute public int id; public String name; public List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<Employee>(); public Object onCycleDetected(Context arg0) { // Context provides access to the Marshaller being used: System.out.println("JAXB Marshaller is: " + cycleRecoveryContext.getMarshaller()); DepartmentPointer p = new DepartmentPointer(); p.id = this.id; return p; } }
public class DepartmentPointer { public int id; }
Note: In this case, DepartmentPointer must be explicitly specified in the list of classes when creating the JAXBContext, as it is not reachable from the Department class:
JAXBContext ctx = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[] { Department.class, DepartmentPointer.class });
This time, marshalling dept1 will succeed:
JAXB Marshaller is: org.eclipse.persistence.jaxb.JAXBMarshaller@18fd984 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <department> <id>123</id> <name>Accounting</name> <employees> <id>111</id> <name>Fred Smith</name> <dept xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="departmentPointer"> <id>123</id> </dept> </employees> </department>