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Coronary artery disease happens when fatty deposits called plaque (say "plak") build up inside your coronary arteries. Those are the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to your heart. Plaque buildup reduces the amount of blood that gets to your heart. It can lead to chest pain or heart attack.
Coronary artery disease (also called CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It's also the number one killer of both men and women in the United States.
Last Revised:
October 9, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Robert A. Kloner, MD, PhD - Cardiology
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Luke Morra is just like any 18-month-old boy.
He loves dancing to music. He enjoys swimming and running through the sprinkler outside with his brothers. He's constantly learning and points at things he finds interesting. He responds when his parents call his name.
The only difference is that Luke was born deaf.
After failing his newborn screening in the hospital, his parents Dan and Amy Morra took him to see specialists at St. Louis Children's Hospital where evaluations revealed that Luke was born with severe hearing loss in his right ear. The hearing in his left ear was even worse.
His parents were devastated. Despite the fact that the Morra's oldest son Jack was born with moderate hearing loss, their second son Nick had no hearing problems at all. When Luke was born, the Morras were overwhelmed by the severity of his diagnosis and the feeling they had to adjust their life expectations for him.
"After the diagnosis, Dan and I felt like we needed do something for Luke right away," said Amy. "Immediately, one of the audiologists met with us and said, 'I know this is a terrible day, but you'll be okay.' That made all the difference."
Further testing and treatment over the next few months showed Luke was a candidate for a cochlear implant, an electronic prosthetic replacement for damaged hair cells in the inner ear. Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sounds to enable a person to hear, cochlear implants use a microphone and mini-computer to help convert everyday sounds into coded electrical pulses. These pulses stimulate the auditory nerve and the brain interprets the pulses as sound. The brain receives sound information so quickly that sounds are heard as soon as they occur.
An otolaryngologist, or ear, nose and throat specialist, implants the cochlear device in a procedure that typically takes two to three hours. In late March, Dr. Timothy Hullar performed Luke's surgery, implanting a cochlear device in his right ear. Luke continues to use his hearing aid at his left ear. "During Luke's surgery, his audiologist was right there with us in the operating room with a laptop and special software to perform diagnostics and stimulate his ear. Our team's experience and the latest technology ensured that everything worked correctly right away." Particularly after the surgery and receiving the device, the family gets personal calls from Luke's audiologists who are "just checking in to see how he's doing."
Just a few weeks later, Luke returned to St. Louis Children's Hospital with his parents, his older brothers and more than 20 friends and extended family members for a big event. Dressed in custom-made orange t-shirts, the group watched intently as audiologists turned on Luke's cochlear implant for the first time. 13-month-old Luke could now hear sound.
"After Luke's implant, I distinctly remember seeing him in front of the TV watching one of his favorite shows," Amy recalls. "He just stood there and stared in awe, I guess he finally realized the show had sound."
As in Luke's case, cochlear implants can make a major change in a hearing-impaired child's development. "Parents should consider the size of a program, as one aspect in selection of a cochlear implant program," says Dr. Hullar. "Higher patient volumes mean greater expertise and resources. Luke was the 500th cochlear implant for our program." Dr. Hullar also recommends parents seek a cochlear implant program with a team approach in which surgeons, audiologists, researchers, speech pathologists, social workers and other support staff work closely together with the child and his family. "That comprehensive team makes a major difference in a child's outcome and a family's experience."
Luke continues to make progress with frequent speech and language therapy both at home and through Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) in St Louis and the Kline House 'Birth to 3' Program through Illinois School for the Deaf. While Hullar continues to provide medical follow up as needed, Luke will continue to be followed regularly by the audiologists and speech language pathologists on the team long-term. Every three months, he visits St. Louis Children's Hospital again for evaluation by the cochlear implant team.
"We like to provide strong support to our families throughout and after the process," explains audiologist Jamie Cadieux. "We give information and emotional support,as families work toward acceptance of the diagnosis and become educated about treatment and communication options. It is important that families are comfortable and able to follow through with the decisions they make for their child, and Luke's parents have done just that."
For Luke's education and for developing listening and speaking skills, his family is central. Amy is an ever-present educator, constantly narrating everything with Luke, talking about what he sees and does, always describing things and always teaching.
Life right now for Luke and the Morras is happily "conventional", according to Amy. Dan, a pediatrician, is enjoying a successful practice. Jack and Nick are enjoying their summer and continue to watch over their younger brother. Luke is preparing for nursery school. "I still read blogs of other parents who are frustrated, scared or don't know what to expect for their children who are born deaf like Luke," reflects Amy. "But we are fortunate to be in good hands right here at home with the team at Children's."
When asked about her future hopes for Luke, Amy quickly offers, "I want him to show others and be able to say 'I was born deaf and I can lead whatever life I want without my hearing loss dictating what I can or cannot do.'"
At 18-months, Luke is well on his way.
St. Louis Children's Hospital celebrated the 500th cochlear implant with Luke and other cochlear implant patients and their families at the 2008 Great Forest Park Balloon Race. For more information about the pediatric Cochlear Implant Program at St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University, call 314.454.KIDS.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sell your stuff at The Official PhilMusic-Ads Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/PhilmusicAds/
good sya. parang, mi audio crunchbox but cleans up with the volume knob better. although to my ears parang mas compressed yung tunog nung britmod sa tube amps.. sa solid states pareho lang yata.
thank you po sa mga reply's mga sir, ill be getting ds-1 and papamod ko kay sir mark v... hehe
If you have a stock DS-1, go ahead and have it modded. Pero kung wala pa, forget about it and order a Shredhead from Mark instead.
very versatile pedal
nice avatar! you should get a brit mod too!is that a shredhead? lol!
you have to try the stock version to appreciate the mod.there is a significant difference.should you get a chance of getting a shredhead---that would be a better bet!
hahaha ako binibiyak ko muna yung wetpaks para makita kung may yellow thingy hahahaha
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Home >> Course Descriptions >> A.R. Sanchez, Jr. School of Business
Principles of Microeconomics
Three semester hours. (FL/SP/SS)
Introduction to principles of economics and decision making at the individual firm, consumer, and industry level; resource allocation and the price system; demand and supply theory, theory of production and profit maximization; and interaction of demand and supply. Prerequisite: MATH 1314 or equivalent.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
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Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
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Check out the Brochure & call for special pricing!
The GDS/3000 Series digital storage oscilloscope is a full/featured and powerful tool that allows you to tackle complex measurement issues with ease. The GDS/3000 Series, carrying a maximum bandwidth of 350MHz, is equipped with a real/time sampling rate up to 5GSa/s and an equivalent/time sampling rate of 100GSa/s. The large 8/inch SVGA TFT LCD screen, combined with the advanced digital signal processing technology VPO, provides meticulous detail and clarity for the displayed waveforms. The GDS/3152 gives you confidence not to miss any part of the test signal in the product verification and debugging stages and allows you to speed up your task without hesitation.
Rich Features


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The Cambridge Satchel Company has produced a special, limited-edition run of its classic 11-inch satchel in Tangerine Tango. Isn't it amazing?
Named after Pantone's 2012 Colour of the Year, this satchel originally launched at US department store, Bloomingdale's, in February. It's a toned-down take on The Cambridge Satchel Company's fluoro collection, which is great if you want to work brights without going down the Day-Glo route.
There are just 30 satchels available in the UK in this colourway, which makes it highly covetable. Priced at £105, call (01223) 833050 to order yours now. All orders are on a first come, first serve basis.
Note, The Cambridge Satchel Company posted this on its Facebook page earlier today and tweeted about it, too, so fingers crossed the 30 haven't sold out yet. Let me know if you get one!


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The Sterling & Reid Bros. Circus was in Charlottesville at the Bagby Showgrounds on High Street August 21 and 22. I knew I was in for a real treat when I saw a colorful sign that read "Two-Headed Baby, Real Life."
Cirque du Soleil it was not. Imagine a scaled-down version of Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus meets Ripley's Believe it Or Not, with a little dash of East European flair thrown in. This circus had tigers that jumped through firey rings, contortionists that stacked themselves one atop the other, tutu-clad elephants who stood on their elbows. I was not disappointed.
The bleachers were filled to capacity with families spellbound by the three-ring circus that had a little something for everybody. When the Sterling & Reid Bros. Circus comes to Charlottesville next year, I urge you to go. This type of circus won't be around forever, and you'll be treated to a real slice of Americana.


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Adapted from Alyssa Shaffer; Photographs by Dorit Thies
Lose Weight with Yoga
How much can yoga really do for you? A lot. This is a total-body routine that is a mind and body booster. The workout is built around the classic sun salutation series, with challenging core and upper- and lower-body variations added for a fat-blasting twist. Do the entire sequence four to five times through (keep at it for an hour) and you'll burn off the calorie equivalent of a banana split while sculpting your arms, chest, abs, butt, and legs and improving your flexibility.
How it works: Start and finish each circuit with a sun salutation, a four-move series done forward and in reverse that is the foundation of the workout. Every time you do this main series, you'll add a challenging variation to keep your heart rate elevated while toning your whole body. Each sun salutation, plus all of our variations, should take about 15 minutes.
Sun Salutation (Main Series)
Mountain Pose Stand tall with feet together, shoulders relaxed, weight evenly distributed through your soles, arms at sides. Take a deep breath and raise your hands overhead, palms facing each other with arms straight. Reach up toward the sky with your fingertips.
Standing Forward Bend From mountain pose, exhale, sweeping your arms sideways as you swan dive forward, bending at hips, until fingertips or palms reach the ground on either side of your feet; keep fingers in line with toes. (If your hamstrings or back are tight, bend your knees.) Think about drawing the crown of your head down and the backs of your legs toward the sky.
Forward Bend, Flat Back From standing forward bend, keep feet together and place fingertips on ground near outer edges of your feet, in line with your toes. Inhale as you lift your torso halfway up, keeping your back flat. Look forward, reaching your tailbone away from the top of your head. If you feel tight in your hamstrings or lower back or can't reach the ground, bend your knees and place your hands on your shins.
Downward Dog From forward bend with flat back, bend knees, place palms flat on ground shoulder-width apart, and jump both feet back, landing softly in downward dog. Spread your fingers and make sure your feet are hip-width apart and parallel. Reach your tailbone up and away from hands and your heels toward the ground.
5. Reverse this series back to the start Bring your legs toward your hands and straighten legs, returning to forward bend with flat back. Drop your head and return to standing forward bend, then to mountain pose, sweeping arms out to the sides and overhead to complete the main series.
Build Your Workout Each time you complete the sunsalutation, add on a new challenge series until you've incorporated all the moves. Each full sequence will take about 15 minutes; do 4 to 5 times.
Add On: Half Push-Up Series
Part 1.
Tabletop to Half Push-Up From downward dog, get on all fours, aligning your knees on the ground under hips and your hands directly below shoulders (not shown). Keeping abs pulled in and head aligned with your spine, bend elbows about 45 degrees in a half push-up, arms close to sides. Straighten arms; repeat push-up 4 to 6 times.
Part 2.
Extended Child's Pose From half push-up, straighten arms and bring your tailbone back toward heels, resting the backs of your thighs on your calves. Hold for a few breaths, feeling the stretch through your back and shoulders. Return from child's pose to tabletop, then back to downward dog; do the remainder of the main series in reverse.
Add On: Lunge Jump
Do the half push-up series, returning to downward dog. Step left leg forward between hands, bending left knee 90 degrees while keeping right leg straight. Hold for a few breaths, then switch legs, jumping left leg back and right leg forward. Repeat 4 to 6 times. Return to downward dog and reverse the main series back to the start.
Add On: Warrior Series
Warrior 1 with High Lunge Do the main series, adding on both half push-up and lunge jump, ending in downward dog. From here, step left foot forward between hands, bending left knee 90 degrees with toes facing forward; keep right leg straight and lift upper body. Raise arms overhead next to ears; hold for 3 to 5 breaths.
Straighten left leg while lowering arms; keep palms in and right heel lifted. Repeat 4 to 6 times. Return to warrior 1, then to downward dog; repeat on opposite side, ending in downward dog. Reverse the main series back to start.
Add On: Chair with Twist
Chair Pose
Do the main series plus each of the previous add-ons one time through, ending in mountain pose with arms raised. From here, bend your knees, pushing your butt back.
Bring palms together in front of chest and bend forward, pressing right upper arm against outside of left thigh as you twist your upper body to the left. Hold for 1 to 2 breaths, then come back to center and twist to the right. Continue alternating sides, 4 to 6 times in each direction, then return to a standing position.


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Robotics Case Studies
Case Studies
- This case study is filed under:
- Industry
- Application
- Peripherals
US Chemical Automates Case Packing With Robotics
FANUC America Corporation Posted 01/17/2006
A robotic cell that packs chemical containers into cardboard cases is eliminating repetitive manual operations at a US Chemical plant in southern Wisconsin. The system, designed by Promatech, LLC, New Berlin, Wisconsin, was integrated with the plant's existing filling, capping and conveyor system and incorporates a six-axis robot with a series of interchangeable grippers.
US Chemical, a JohnsonDiversey Company, is the largest supplier of privately branded specialty cleaning chemicals in the nation. The company's Watertown, Wisconsin, plant packages these cleaning products, including both liquid and powder formulas, in large plastic bottles ranging from spray bottles to quarts and gallon sizes. Typical products are used for ware washing, laundry, housekeeping and janitorial services in hospitals, hotels, universities and other institutions, commercial laundries, and the restaurant and food service industries.
Automating for Ergonomics
The newly automated packing line replaces a manual operation that was installed about eight years ago. Originally, containers were conveyed from a filling operation and manually packed four or six to a case. Operators lifted the containers from the conveyor and placed them into cardboard cases that were then closed and sealed. As the volume and variety of products and containers increased, it became necessary to add a second shift and another operator. Looking to improve adaptability, stabilize operating speeds and eliminate the potential for repetitive motion injuries, the company automated the case-packing operation with a single-arm robotic cell.
Plant Lead Robert Dourlain says, ''Increased speed wasn't really a factor, but with the operation automated, we get some consistency, and we don't have to worry about operator fatigue setting in.'' The changeover was made without laying off any employees, he notes. ''We were able to re-assign them to other areas where we needed extra labor and weren't ready to automate.''
Robotic Cell Brings Consistency
The robotic system, which was designed and developed by Promatech engineers, went into operation in February 2005. The robot is a six-axis FANUC M-16iB™ series, articulated-arm robot. It uses several different end-of-arm grippers, designed by Promatech, to handle various container sizes and configurations.
In operation, filled containers and empty cartons approach the robotic cell on parallel conveyors. Conveyors carry the containers from the filler and labeler, and an escapement directs them onto two adjacent tracks as they enter the cell. Sensors on each side are set to detect when the product is in place on the track. When the sensors show that the correct number of containers needed to fill a case is in position, the robot picks them up and loads them into the next carton in line. The sensors then detect that no product is in position and allow the next batch to move ahead.
US Chemical sent a group of people to Promotech for training before the system was accepted. Dourlain says, ''They did a dry run, and that gave them some exposure on how the machine operated. After it was in place, the operators had a good understanding of how to make it work here.''
The system was easy to learn, and the people who operate it had no prior experience with automated equipment. Dourlain says that they have a maintenance person check the setup if they encounter any issues, but the operators continue to learn the skills needed to perform more of the setup and changeover between containers themselves. In addition, Promatech provides around-the-clock technical support when needed.
Operators use the FANUC iPendant to program the robot and make adjustments in its operation. The color, Internet-ready teach pendant is Microsoft Windows®-based and easy for the operators to use, Dourlain notes.
The line operates two shifts per day, five days a week. ''In most cases,'' Dourlain says, ''we try to run different formulas that all use quart bottles, gallon bottles, or bottles with sprayers together to get a longer run time without changing the robot tooling.'' He says it takes about 10 minutes to change an end-of-arm effector but expects to cut that in half through some planned modifications to the attachments. Upstream from the robot, fillers have to be washed and labelers changed between runs as well. Run lengths vary but typically average one to two shifts per container, Dourlain reports.
Automation Engineer Corey Long, of Promatech, says, ''US Chemical wanted to use a single robot to pack cases of several different types of bottles in various multiples. We often provide tool changing, but a lot of their runs don't change often enough to justify that.'' Instead, Promatech designed a number of different work holders that could be changed to accommodate the varying containers. ''They aren't all uniform bottles,'' Long points out. ''Some of them have spray handles, and there are balance issues as well. If you pick them up on center, they will tilt one way or the other, so we had to add stabilizers and other features.''
Another consideration was the behavior of the bottles themselves during handling. Long says, ''Each program is unique to each bottle, because there are forces that act on them when you move the robot at different speeds. You have to finesse the acceleration and deceleration, because if you pick the bottles off the line and go as fast as you can, inertia and momentum will act on the bottle and its contents. This could cause them to spread out and make it difficult to position them correctly.''
Long says that the robotic cell was designed to fit into the line where the manual case packing had been done. ''Containers come from the filler and go through the capper before coming down the line into the cell,'' he explains. ''The box line runs parallel to the filler line, so the boxes are erected and come right in alongside the bottles. The robot reaches over the boxes to pick up the product, brings it back over the box and places it inside.''
''At first,'' Long notes, ''the box erector did not open the flaps fully, so US Chemical developed a box spreader to ensure that the flaps are fully open when the carton reaches the robot. The robot will go to the same point every time, but if it can't get the containers into the box, that becomes an issue.''
Sensors Guide and Control
Several types of sensors are installed within the robotic cell to monitor and control the container placement, as well as to protect workers from being injured and to prevent disruption to the operation. Promatech partners with SICK, Inc., a leading manufacturer of sensors and safety systems, in these areas. For this application, SICK WT4-2P330 proximity/diffuse sensors are used to signal when products and cartons are in place and ready for loading. The doors to the cage are protected by SICK E1000SK1 Safety Key devices. When an operator needs to enter the cage, she activates a request-to-enter button, and the program pauses the robot at the next convenient point to allow her to use a special key to open the gate. The operator must take the key with her, and the robot will not start until it is re-inserted to ensure safety.


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Bought these at a steal- only $6 SGD each! (Watsons sells both at $19.90)
I thought I'd be really really impressed by them both because I've heard so many raves online, especially about the fuzzy coat, but surprisingly it didn't appeal to me as much as I thought they would.
All Yarned Up looks better on its own or over a nude colour for some reason.. I expected it to 'pop' nicely with a dark base but it wasn't fantastic. I preferred it on its own. On a side note, this has got to be the most pungent nail polish I've had so far. When I opened the bottle I nearly choked up because I was so overwhelmed. I change my nail polish every week, so I'm pretty used to the smell already, but boy, this really takes the cake.
Application was smooth and I did not need to go fishing because the bars are so dense, but getting them to distribute evenly is a bit of a chore as they tend to clump to one end and leave the sides kinda lacking. I think they would look better spaced out over a base but thicker if over a light base/ on its own.
Sour Apple is exactly like a lumpier and more muted (less neon) 'Highlight of my Summer' by China Glaze, down to the chalky look. I swear they are colour dupes. I got Sour Apple hoping to chance the perfect mint green I was looking for, but was slightly disappointed again. I wanted something more green (I guess that's technically not mint but a light green), but by all accounts this has been the most perfect mint so far.
Application was easy, took about 2-3 coats. Dried really fast and the texture started coming out only as it dried. It is pretty scratch-resistant, don't add a top coat for this one or you'll smooth out the lumps.
I've done a quick manicure featuring these two polishes (pardon my short nails, it was a school day) and Glittering Garland from China Glaze as a base for All Yarned Up as an accent nail. You'll notice that the colour clashes a little but I couldn't get All Yarned Up on its own, it wouldn't show up as well using my lousy phone camera if so.
What do you think about these two polishes? 🙂
Yay or nay?


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Twins avoid sweep in Texas
Minnesota finishes ten-game road trip 2-8
ARLINGTON, Texas — Ben Revere had four hits, Cole De Vries won for the first time in nearly two months, and the Minnesota Twins held off the Texas Rangers 6-5 Sunday to snap a five-game losing streak.
The Twins avoided getting swept in the four-game series. They finished a 10-game road trip with a 2-8 record.
Josh Hamilton hit his 35th homer for Texas and drove in four runs, giving him a major league-leading 111 RBIs.
De Vries (3-5) was 0-4 in 10 starts since beating Kansas City on June 30. The right-hander gave up two runs and struck out five in five innings.
Scott Feldman (6-10) lost his fourth straight start. He gave up six runs and 10 hits in 5 2-3 innings.


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The release of a live album always runs the risk of raising someone's hackles: musical history is littered with examples which were lazy, superfluous or clearly thrown together for a quick buck. Should you feel especially inclined to take shots at Sonic Youth, the release of this literally-titled record lays it on a plate for you. Thurston Moore and Kim Gordon's divorce just over a year ago brought the band to a halt, for now at least; this release, capturing the four-piece during what's widely deemed their creative purple patch, is only 67 minutes from 'thousands of hours of live recordings'. The longer Sonic Youth continue in their dormancy, the more the vault-raiding might make them look like a slightly less posthumous Tupac Shakur.
That's what a wizened cynic would say. More charitably, the group have been revisiting their archive of unissued detritus for a few years now, so this release probably would have happened anyway. Aside from bootlegs, SY aren't actually that well documented as a live band – there's a few LPs spanning a 30-year-plus career, but only Smart Bar – Chicago 1985 is in print as I write. It's notable for being their earliest known gig recorded on anything more professional than a Walkman, although the fellow taping it still managed to miss the first few minutes of 'Hallowe'en', the set opener. As luck would have it, a handheld recording also exists, and fills in for the first couple of minutes – it's very clearly from the middle of the crowd, who are more of a presence than the moody Tom Verlaine-y guitar intro, but throws the listener into the action somewhat.
At the time of this show, Sonic Youth's second LP Bad Moon Rising had been out a few months. Explicitly designed as a fresh break for the band – Moore and Lee Ranaldo devised guitar tunings which made much of their previous material unplayable – it forms nearly all of the set's first half. 'Death Valley '69', perhaps their first crack at making beat-poet capital from pop culture mythology (see later songs like 'Hey Joni' and 'Tunic'), has a massive-sounding guitar intro that, for those present, may well have felt like the room was being sucked into a giant plughole. Gordon, subbing for LP-version guest Lydia Lunch, yowls with some menace.
Listening to Bad Moon Rising and Smart Bar back-to-back reveals cosmetic differences between the songs, partly borne from a personnel change: drummer Bob Bert played on the album but departed before the tour, and his replacement Steve Shelley remains to this day. While Bert feels like a weak link on 'Brave Men Run (In My Family)', Shelley elevates it with a near-classic rock fluidity to his playing. All the more remarkable given that he was in batshit Wisconsin hardcore band the Crucifucks until just before this tour. 'I Love Her All The Time' feels like a Moore vehicle, much like on record, but has great gobs of anti-rock no wave atmos; 'Ghost Bitch' is considerably more abrasive here, Gordon sounding less like a coffee house poet than an untamed punk vocalist – Penelope Houston, say. 'I'm Insane' is, for my money, one of the least memorable numbers from SY's 'classic' era, but this one is at least a bit faster than its studio counterpart.
Smart Bar's other chief point of interest is renditions of then-unissued songs. Instrumental 'Kat 'n' Hat' has never had a formal release, and doesn't reveal much new about the group's methods, although feels vaguely like a prototype for the kind of structures that'd turn up on Daydream Nation. 'Secret Girl' is a tinkly, muttery thing which would shortly surface on 1986's Evol album. 'Expressway To Yr Skull', that record's locked-groove climax and a near-constant presence in their sets since this show, is, er, bolstered by people chatting amongst themselves as it drifts to a close on a mallowy spacerock pillow. The applause is warm as you'd hope, but it does suggest that despite SY's blossoming rep at the time, holding a crowd's attention for over an hour wasn't quite in their grasp yet.
And, save for a couple of hometown-friendly quips about Steve Albini and a throaty rattle through early Youth cut 'Making The Nature Scene', that's 'em done. There are some neat archive photos with Moore sporting a Die Kreuzen shirt, while Gerard Cosloy, the boss of the band's record label then (Homestead) as now (Matador), submits a second set of sleevenotes with several somewhat hammered-home jokes about their diva-esque behaviour and use of autocue. Sonic Youth were in fact a relatively small band touring on a low budget, so wouldn't have acted like this at all! Humour. Smart Bar – Chicago 1985 is not going to change perceptions of either Sonic Youth or live albums: it's a decent recording strictly for fans. Maybe you're one.
7Noel Gardner's Score


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While the Audi R18 was foiled at the Petit Le Mans race by Peugeot for the third year in a row, the German automaker did have reason to celebrate a major road race victory on the east side of the Atlantic Ocean. In the second to last event in the popular DTM (Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters) series, a 2.517-mile road course in Valencia, Spain hosted what was the race weekend Audi Sport Team Phoenix driver Martin Tomczyk secured the 2011 DTM Championship. In a dominant race where Audi A4 sedans took the top six spots, Audi has one race remaining in an effort to capture a team championship in DTM. The ABT Sportsline organization is 5 points ahead of a Mercedes-Benz heading into a late October race at the Hockenheim track.
Since 2009, the technical regulations for the DTM Series have been frozen in the interests for controlling costs for competitors. For the upcoming 2012 series, the series is allowing the entrance of new cars, opening the door for German carmaker BMW to join Mercedes-Benz and Audi. For the existing program fielded by Audi, the auto company hopes the blow the doors open on the competition with two fewer doors. Campaigning a car based on the A4 sedan since 2004, Audi is set to unleash a new DTM race vehicle based on the A5 two-door.
Presented as the 2012 race machine, the Audi A5 DTM was revealed ahead of the past Frankfurt Motor Show. More than a year and a half in development as the R17 project, the two-door Audi A5 DTM car measures 5.01 meters (197.24 inches) in total length and is 1.95 meters (76.77 inches) in width. Compared to the 2012 model year Audi A5, the A5 DTM car is more than 15 inches longer and 3.77 inches wider for race track competition. In compliance with rules of the DTM sanctioning body, the Audi A5 racer rides within a mandated 2,750 millimeter (108.27 inch) wheelbase.
A departure from the four-door A4, the Audi A5 DTM for 2012 exhibits the refined exterior of the street vehicles. The new body structure created through the combination of carbon fiber and steel also sees the additional use of aluminum for suspension parts. Adhering to new aerodynamic regulations as well as to take advantage to improved airflow sciences, the Audi A5 DTM where a larger rear wing. Overall, Audi says the design is also more resistant to damage due to race contact (fender-to-fender contact is a main ingredient in DTM racing).
Along with the constraints for wheelbase length, other technical requirements of the motorsport series meant Audi needed to build the 2012 A5 DTM race around over 50 components that are shared among the other automakers. Meant for safety and a method for controlling costs, the new Audi is able to boast a total cost reduction of more than 40 percent over the previous A4 race car. While the DTM series preserves their exclusive tire supplier deal with Hankook and electronic control units from Bosch, this racing organization is careful to ward off the runaway costs that killed the previous edition of the European road racing category.
One of the ways Audi was able to control the price on the new A5 DTM is to reuse the tried and proven four-valve V-8 engine. Producing around 460 horsepower, the Audi A5 DTM will feature a new six-speed gearbox. For 2012, the Audi A5 DTM car will be more driver-friendly with a steering wheel paddle-shifter.
As Audi feverishly strides to compete with BMW and Mercedes-Benz in the sales marketplace, the fight in the 2012 DTM Series should be just as aggressive.
Information source: Audi AG, Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
Photo source: Audi AG


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This is a general discussion post, about any problems you may be having in your life. Anything is fair game, be it relationship, life, money, deaths, or other such issues. We're a close community here, so let us offer our aid to you, when you may be down.
Please take PC Problems to the PC Help Thread. This is a place for interpersonal support, not computer issues.


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happy friday, you guys! we have another post on what to do in los angeles, and this one is all about FREE FUN. tired of spending tons of money on boozy brunches and shopping and overpriced movies? well…try out some of these and save your cash! it's going to be beautiful this weekend, enjoy! -bri
1. bring a picnic to barnsdall art park. they also have non-free movie & wine nights that are pretty fun! this place is surprisingly not busy on weekends, bring a picnic or just a blanket, lay in the sun and enjoy the view.
2. drive the beautiful PCH to point dume beach in malibu. the drive is gorgeous, and the beach isn't as crowded as venice or santa monica.
3. take a stroll and look at the venice canals. gotta love california! so many cool looking houses. it's also remarkably peaceful for being right next to the craze of the beach.
4. go to the hammer museum, look at art, and spin in the chairs. a great museum with lots of interesting, rotating exhibits. not free but, they also have a great happy hour in their bar.
5. LACMA museum – free to LA residents every weekday (that they are open) after 3pm. a place you can return to over and over again because it's always changing and there is so much to see. also, a lot of great outdoor space to enjoy the california sun.
6. hike to the wisdom tree. there is a lot of elevation change with this hike so prepare to sweat but it's not that long and the view is really rewarding. once you're at the top, you can also continue your hike over to the hollywood sign.
7. hang out at the last bookstore downtown. two levels with so much to see, wander around, skim through endless books and enjoy this gem.
8. the art walk at the brewery. artists open up their live/work spaces to showcase their work. a fun and inspiring way to spend a couple of hours.
9. on sunday from 8-1pm, stroll around the farmer's market in hollywood. meander down the aisles, take in all of the seasonal goods, there is generally some sort of live music and lots of people watching to keep you entertained.
10. find and walk the hidden staircases of LA. most of the staircases happen to be on the east side because they were created back in the day, when people did have cars, to aid pedestrians in navigating the hills. a fun (and historical) way to get some exercise.
11. biking the LA river. i just did this for the first time the other day and can't believe i haven't thought to ride it before. it feels oddly calm for being so close to the freeways and it's not at all crowded (we went at 11am on a saturday). there is a coffee shop, spoke cafe, that serves coffee for donations only.
12. see the stars and a romantic view of the city at the griffith observatory. i always bring my out of town friends and family here for a good nightcap. but keep in mind, they close at 10pm!
also see our favorite LA coffee spots
and favorite LA date spots!
5 hotels to stay in
go on a photo booth tour!
it's hot, here's our ice cream spots


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Saturday 20th February 2010
I just love cruising the canals, I was going to say cruising the canals in winter, but then realised I love it at any time of the year!!
But in the winter it's so different; the light quality for photographs is outstanding, the frost and snow making photography almost obsessive. Moorings are easy to find and are usually quiet and it's rare even to see another boat on the move. Wrapped up warm on the back deck, hopefully with some sun on your back, taking in the sights and sounds around you, you could be the only people on the planet! Good days.
I took these pictures today at 16:30 about 45 minutes before sunset, the light in the trees was incredible, rather different from the sunset yesterday


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| 14.2°C Dublin
Warren Gatland declared himself "pretty satisfied" after Wales launched their bid for an unprecedented RBS 6 Nations title hat-trick by beating Italy in Cardiff.
Wales huffed and puffed for parts of a 23-15 success, and they could not build on a 14-point lead interval lead secured by first-half tries from wing Alex Cuthbert and centre Scott Williams.
Italy fought back through a second-half try double by their impressive centre Michele Campagnaro, but Wales still made it 10 wins from their last 11 Six Nations starts.
"It was tough," Wales head coach Gatland said. "We've got to give Italy a lot of credit.
"We are pretty satisfied. There were some real positives, and there were some things to work on.
"We definitely kept them in the game in terms of a couple of crucial turnovers and an intercept, but we are off to a reasonable start and I wouldn't be surprised if Italy win a few games in this competition.
"It will focus the minds for next week (when Wales tackle Ireland in Dublin). It wasn't an easy run-out and it was tough, which was the way we wanted it.
"There are just are a few things for us to fix up on in terms of making sure we are a bit more accurate and clinical. We know we get stronger as a tournament goes on. It's that first one, and now we can look forward to the rest of it."
Gatland had short shrift for those who might raise last year's Brian O'Driscoll saga on the British and Irish Lions tour building towards next Saturday's Dublin showdown.
Gatland, in his role as Lions coach, received scathing criticism in many quarters after he dropped O'Driscoll for the deciding final Test against Australia. The Lions won 41-16.
"As far as I am concerned, that's dead and gone," Gatland added.
"It's not about Brian and myself. Brian has moved on, I have moved on. It is about 46 players and two nations playing an international next weekend.
"The game is more important than myself and Brian, and if people want to make an issue out of that for next week, to me it is just lazy journalism. Move on.
"It (the Ireland game) is a massive challenge for us. It is going to be a huge game for both teams. If Ireland manage to beat Scotland (on Sunday), you've got two teams coming together from opening victories on the first weekend.
"It will be interesting to see how they go (against Scotland) tomorrow."
On Saturday's performance, Wales captain Alun-Wyn Jones said: "It probably looked as if we were under more pressure than we actually felt out there.
"We were a bit ragged at times, but we showed ambition and a will to play.
"We showed ambition, and at times you get mistakes, but that was a big potential banana skin, if you like, to get out of the way.
"We were acutely aware of the performances Italy put in last year, hence the realisation of how difficult this was going to be today."
Italy captain Sergio Parisse praised the Azzurri's back division after they competed strongly with Wales' much-vaunted threequarters.
Campagnaro proved the star performer but there were also strong displays from the likes of wing Leonardo Sarto and fly-half Tommaso Allan.
"As a captain, I am very proud of what the youngsters achieved today," said Parisse, who delivered one of his trademark world-class performances.
"They were facing some of the most talented backs on the international stage, but they showed they can compete at this level.
"Before this match against Wales we were worried about our young backs because we conceded a lot of tries in the November Tests.
"I think we are happy for the performance but obviously, a loss is a loss so we are not happy about the result.
"I said to the guys 'we musn't just think we've played a good game (against Wales) and in France next week it's going to be easier'.
"In France, it's going to be 30 times more difficult. We must keep working and building in this tournament."
Italy coach Jacques Brunel added: "We are lucky to have so many good young backs. Our average today was around 22 years old. They must take confidence from this if they want to be part of the 2015 World Cup.
"We are obviously happy with the way the forwards performed today, they had some 600 caps between them.
"I would like to underline their performance, even if there were some misunderstandings in managing the scrum from the referee."
Online Editors


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New York City's eight million residents and skyscrapers, built on one of the world's largest natural harbors, have made the country's largest city one of the most polluted. Air pollution is a leading environmental threat to the health of the city's residents. But a New York nonprofit, ioby, has helped 101 urban projects raise a total of $174,618 to make New York a greener, more sustainable and healthier place to live.
From building community gardens on vacant city lots to monitoring sewage water, these projects have triggered an urban movement towards maximizing the city's environmental potential.
Don't Flush Me
New York City's outdated sewage system does not have the capacity to transport unusually high amounts of water to one of the city's 14 Wastewater Treatment Plants. During times of severe rainfall, sewage pipes are often overloaded, and more than 27 billion gallons of raw sewage and polluted water flow into the city's waterways each year.
But Leif Percifield's project, Don't Flush Me, aims to install solar-powered sensors around New York's major sewage overflow points to monitor the water levels. When sewage water reaches overflow levels, residents who register their phone numbers of Twitter accounts with the project will receive a message telling them not to flush their toilets during that time and to reduce their water usage.
"The idea is to create a text message alert system where someone can get the information on their phone or to a device that will suggest to them that now is not the time to use a lot of water," he said, standing beside a canal in Park Slope. "They should save a flush, take a shorter shower, or avoid washing a giant sink of dishes."
Community Gardens Replace Vacant Lots
Brooklyn is home to about 596 acres of vacant public land, and a recently launched ioby-funded nonprofit is trying to make use of them. 596 Acres, led by Paula Segal, distributes maps of vacant land and helps residents acquire the city's permission to use these empty lots as a community-controlled green space.
"When we put up a sign, it means that the agency that owns the land doesn't have a plan for it," she said. "And if the community got together, they would let them use it."
And that's exactly what happened at Compost for Brooklyn, where more than a dozen Kensington neighborhood residents spent the weekend gardening and planting seeds in the once-abandoned lot.
"I would have never thought that composting could bring a community together, but it really has," said Emily Osgood, one of the project's founders.
Velo City Takes Teens On an Urban Ride
New York's neighborhood residents rarely have a say in designing their own surroundings – but Velo City is planning to change that. Through a program that takes high school students from the South Bronx on city bike tours, the non-profit is hoping to inspire a new generation of urban planners, while also encouraging a healthier lifestyle.
"Everyone knows what a lawyer is, what a doctor is, but what is an urban planner?" said Samelys Lopez, one of Velo City's founders. "We're getting youth to see that these professions are important, because they shape the physical environment that they live in."
Last summer's program resulted in students leading a community-wide bike tour of their own, and co-founder Naomi Doerner hopes this year will produce a group of equally engaged students who are interested in urban planning.
"It's essentially a curriculum, not necessarily a tour," she said.
Of the New York City projects that are attempting to make the city a more pleasant environment to live in, 78 percent were successfully funded through ioby – projects that may bring a larger community together for this year's Earth Day.


text: title pretty much sums it up, but here is some more detail. i try to do my own work, but given skill, tool, and time limitations, it's not always feasible. i used to have a great mechanic (actually he was also a good friend) for 10+ years. however, he changed over the years as his business grew. long story short, now that he has more cars in his garage than time to work on them, he wants to cherry pick his jobs. for example, his ideal job appears to be putting on crappy brake parts marked up 100%, doing the job in an hour, and charging labor for 3. basically $500 for an hour's work and $100 in parts. ($500 for front pads/rotors was a quote on my e46). good work if you can get it i guess. anyhow, he just didn't have time for me and my old bmw anymore. so, i tried a few other places. one shop where i went for just inspections and oil changes on my two cars managed to underfill the oil in one car by two quarts, overfill the other car by two quarts, cross thread 5 lug nuts, lose my gas cap, and to top it off, break my tail light housing and then proceed to 'fix' it by screwing it to the metal of the car with a screw. i kid you not. my last experience, with a different shop, involved changing out the belts and pulleys on my e46. because i did not have the fan removal tool, i figured i'd give this new shop a chance. with the proper tools at hand, most people can replace the belts and pulleys in 2 hours or so. they changed me 5 hours labor at $100 hr. yeah, $500 for what probably took under 2 hours. so i'm just trying to give a feel for the kind of service i get around here. does anyone know of a shop that will install parts at an honest rate, and does not think that bmw ownership means they get to charge you more? i would consider anywhere in lower / middle bucks, but near newtown, bristol, or near I95 would be a plus. let me also mention that thompson bmw service is a disaster, and i am not a fan of zygmunt's service either. thanks!


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About this paper
This white paper discusses the findings of a study conducted by SAS and Health Data Management in an effort to shed light on the attitudes of senior actuarial executives toward the use of analytics. According to study findings, SAEs are not fully aware of tools that offer advanced functionality, such as forecasting, predictive modeling and optimization capacity. The study, which was conducted via in-depth interviews with health plan actuarial executives from across the country, uncovers opinions on the use of analytics in managing and leveraging data, forecasting, trend analysis, reserve management and related matters.


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Campus Instructor Works to Improve Lives in South America
DuBOIS – As part of the Penn State DuBois Cultural Luncheon Series, Wildlife Technology Instructor Ed Vorisek made a presentation Wednesday on his 2011 service trip to Paraguay. While in the South American Nation, Vorisek helped to construct a building that would serve as a community training center where locals learn how to sew to earn an income.
Hosted by the campus' Student Affairs office, the Cultural Luncheon Series features speakers who share their experiences in other cultures and countries around the world. To complement the program, food from the culture that the presentation focuses on is served.
As guests experienced the tastes of Paraguay, Vorisek ran an extensive slide show of photos, and shared stories about the work he did on his faith-based service trip, and how it helped a community.
Vorisek traveled to Paraguay's capitol city of Asuncion with a group of other volunteers from his home-town Methodist church in Conneautville, PA. A couple who organized the service project had been working with the Methodist Bishop in Asuncion for several years to improve the lives of people in the Paraguayan community, and helped to establish the Bible Institute there, where locals have access to ministry and other faith-based services. Their latest project at the Bible Institute was the building of the Dorcas Sewing Center.
"They had been working for the last several years to build a small training center to teach local women to sew, as a supplement to their income," Vorisek said. He explained that, upon hearing about the project, the timing was right for him to join the effort. "They needed an extra worker to help with the building. I had just been laid off from a teaching job, had always wanted to see South America, and really enjoy working with my hands; especially for a good cause. So, there was really no hesitation about going."
The group spent two weeks working tirelessly to build the brick walls that would house the training center and second-floor dormitories. It was an on-going project that had started before Vorisek got there, and was not completed until after he got back state side. His participation in the building of the center, however, will always be a part of its history, and its legacy of improving the lives of those who are trained there.
Photo: Penn State DuBois Wildlife Technology Instructor Ed Vorisek lays brick while constructing a training center in Paraguay in 2011.


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Great balance means high comfort and performance, without adding unnecessary weight.
The Sofstart function is the breaking equivalent of a surgical tool. It makes the first blow a joy.
The anti-vibration system HAPS means you will have seven times more trigger time than with a conventional machine.
The one-piece housing means that your machine will last longer and need less maintenance.
The slim polyurethane silencer cuts noise by up to 75 percent. And it's designed to stay out of sight.
To keep breaking smooth and effective, the piston turns on air cushions.
A solid body concept from a single cast reduces the need for bolts that might break. The anvil block has been refined to handle and deliver impact energy. But heavy tools and massive power means a lot of responsibility on our behalf. We are specially proud of HAPS (Hand Arm Protection System) that reduce vibration levels and allow up to seven times as much trigger time compared to a conventional breaker. Together with the slim polyurethane silencer that reduces noise by 75 percent.
Breaker type
Breaker version
|without silencer
|32 kg 71 lb
|745 mm 29.3 inch
Air consumption
|34 l/s 72 cfm
Impact rate
|1,200 blows/min
Shank size: Hex
|32x160 mm - 1 1⁄4 x 61⁄4 inch
Part number
|8461 0227 04
Atlas Copco (India) Ltd.
Power Technique, Sveanagar,
Dapodi, Pune - 411012. India.
We also serve Nepal, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Sri Lanka & Maldives.
Toll free number: 1800 120 110030
Sales: email@example.com
Service: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Phone number: (02) 4954....
Fax number: (02) 4954....
Business Info
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Local Economic Development Incentives Report
Local Economic Development Incentives Report
CMAP has issued a report, Examination of Local Economic Development Incentives in Northeastern Illinois, to analyze how local governments use incentives to attract or retain businesses such as retail stores, auto dealerships, corporate offices, and manufacturing or warehousing industries or encourage the redevelopment of underutilized sites and the construction of affordable housing and mixed-use development. Although 202 out of 284 municipalities in northeastern Illinois are using economic development incentives, their impact is not widely understood. To determine their prevalence, structure, and goals -- along with their effects on development in the region -- CMAP studied the following incentives:
- Sales tax rebates
- Tax increment financing (TIF) districts
- Property tax abatements
- Property tax incentive classifications unique to Cook County
Economic development incentives are among the issues CMAP has been studying as recommended in 2012 by a regional tax policy task force, which itself was formed as a recommendation of the GO TO 2040 comprehensive plan.
Read more about the report in a CMAP Policy Update.


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(a) The Governor's Early Intervention Interagency Coordinating Council is continued. The council is composed of at least fifteen members appointed by the Governor with additional ex officio members representing specific agencies serving infants and toddlers with developmental delays.
(b) The membership of the council shall consist of the following:
(1) At least three parents of children, ages birth through six years of age, who have developmental delays;
(2) At least three persons representative of the public or private service providers;
(3) At least one member of the House of Delegates recommended by the Speaker of the House of Delegates and one member of the Senate recommended by the Senate President;
(4) At least one person from higher education involved in training individuals to provide services under this article; and
(5) A representative of each of the agencies involved in the provision of or payment for early intervention services to infants and toddlers with developmental delays and their families.
(c) The council shall meet at least quarterly and in such place as it considers necessary.
(d) The council is responsible for the following functions:
(1) To advise and assist the Department of Health and Human Resources in the development and implementation of early intervention policies;
(2) To assist the department in achieving the full participation of all relevant state agencies and programs;
(3) To collaborate with the Bureau for Children and Families in the coordination of early intervention services with other programs and services for children and families;
(4) To assist the department in the effective implementation of a statewide system of early intervention services;
(5) To assist the department in the resolution of disputes;
(6) To advise and assist the department in the preparation of grant applications; and
(7) To prepare and submit an annual report to the Governor, the Legislature and the United States Secretary of Education on the status of early intervention programs within the state.


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Exchange of Publications
The International Exchange of Publications Service is peripherally organized which means that each Senckenberg location in Dresden, Frankfurt am Main, Görlitz and Müncheberg offers publications out of their scientific series and books. Senckenberg provides the opportunity for universities, research institutes, libraries, and publishers to exchange series and books with geological/paleontological and biological content. Don`t hesitate to approach our contact persons at the Senckenberg locations.


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Maine's Fish and Wildlife Department has the most complex and rigorous rule-making system of all state agencies. I tried to simplify the process this year, with the help of Senator Anne Haskell, and we had a lot of momentum and support initially, but at the end of the session, our proposal failed. The final votes, in my mind, indicate a serious lack of confidence in the department. Here's the whole story.
LD 128, An Act to Abolish the Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Committee, sponsored by Senator Haskell at my request, was opposed by the Council chair, the Sportsman's Alliance of Maine, the Maine Professional Guides Association, and the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.
While I know department staff would love to be rid of the burden of the Advisory Council, which eats up a lot of the staff's time and resources, I understand that they felt obligated to support the Council. SAM's opposition surprised me, because the SAM Board at one time told me to stop attending the Council's meetings, considering them a waste of time, and also submitted a bill one year to abolish the Council.
The example SAM's Dave Trahan used to oppose the bill was telling. He noted that the Council had helped him fix DIF&W's proposed deer feeding rules last year – rules that SAM strongly opposed when they were first proposed by the department.
Don Kleiner of the Maine Professional Guides Association, while opposing the bill, did testify that a restructuring of the Council's duties made sense.
I was pretty discouraged at the end of the public hearing on the bill, but Senator Haskell refused to give up. At one point in the process, she won a unanimous committee vote to remove the Advisory Council's rule making authority, while beefing up their advisory role. The Council's chair, Cathy DeMerchant, actually testified that the "Commissioner doesn't ask us for advice. Our role is limited to rule-making."
Given that testimony, and the strong opposition to abolishing the Council, Senator Haskell came up with a very good proposal to strengthen the Council's advisory role and strengthen the Council's relationship with the legislature, while ending the Council's rule-making authority.
This was an attempt to actually make the Council the department's primary advisory group. Currently, when the department seeks advice, it forms a new advisory group, ignoring its existing Advisory Council. There are many recent examples, from deer to turkeys.
Although he initially supported Senator Haskell's proposal, the IFW Committee's Republican lead, Representative Paul Davis, a SAM Board member, changed his mind and opposed the bill when it was reconsidered by the IFW Committee. The bill actually came up in several work sessions, frustrating committee members and ending with a vote against Senator Haskell's proposal. I think SAM had a lot of influence in the final action on the bill.
That final action left intact the Council's rule-making authority, while adding the new duties proposed by Senator Haskell. So here's where the Council now stands.
The Commissioner shares rule-making authority with the Council. Both have to agree on a rule before it can be enacted. Either can veto a proposed rule.
The Council also has these new responsibilities:
1) Convene stakeholder groups in their respective geographic or management expertise areas to gather information and recommendations on fish and wildlife resource;
2) Convene stakeholder group meetings in strategic areas of the State where the deer populations needs to be enhanced at least annually;
3) Attend public hearings on rules proposed under the Administrative Procedures Act;
4) Based on public and stakeholder input, make recommendations to the Commissioner regarding proposed rules;
5) Regularly communicate with the Commissioner and/or Deputy Commissioner providing information and/or advice on enhancing fisheries and wildlife resource management;
6) Report annually in person to the Joint Standing Committee on Inland Fisheries and Wildlife on its duties and observations.
Clearly, the legislature did not feel confident that the department could enact its rules without the oversight and approval of a group of 10 Advisory Council members. That in itself indicates a lack of confidence in this agency. No other agency is burdened with this approach to rule-making.
But things are actually a lot worse than this, because in the last session, the legislature inserted itself into the rule-making process of each agency. A new law gives each legislative committee the opportunity to participate in the rule-making process for the agency that committee oversees.
Let's use the legislature's Committee on Inland Fisheries and Wildlife as our example. On February 1 of each year, that committee will be provided with all the rules enacted by the Fish and Wildlife Commissioner and Advisory Council the previous year, with information about those rules. The Committee then reviews and discusses those rules, and can create and vote on legislation that changes or negates those rules – or directs the department to change the rules. If they choose the latter, the agency is compelled to make those changes.
Legislative committees also retain their authority to designate rules as major substantive – when the committees enact legislation that requires rules to be enacted by state agencies – meaning those rules are not in force until they come back to the legislature and win the approval of the appropriate committee.
So here's what we've got. DIF&W can propose rules. Those rules require the approval of both DIF&W's Commissioner and the department's Advisory Council. If those rules have been designated as major substantive rules by the legislature's IFW Committee, then they must win the approval of that committee before taking effect.
All other new rules must be presented to the IFW Committee in February of each year, at which time that committee can act on the rules, direct the department to change the rules, or repeal the rules through legislative action.
And you were wondering why our hunting and fishing rules are so complex?!!


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July 2, 2009: Barry Cauchon
July 7, 2009 will mark the 144th anniversary of the hangings of the Lincoln conspirators at the Washington D.C. Arsenal Penitentiary. Over the past few months, I've had the privelege to converse, exchange ideas and share research with my now good friend John Elliott from San Antonio, Texas. John has been working hard at pulling together a history of the Arsenal Penitentiary from before, during and after the period that the trial and executions occurred.
Today, the penitentiary no longer exists except for one structure, referred to as Building 20 (or Grant Hall) which is all that remains from the east end of the structure. It was on the third floor of this part of the penitentiary that the conspirators' trial took place.
The land that Building 20 now stands on is located at Fort Lesley McNair, a restricted military installation. Due to the events of 9/11 in 2001 and the security changes that resulted from that event, Fort McNair is no longer open to the public. However, John has gained access on two occasions (all legally I assure you) and not only photographed the site but conversed with several people involved in the current project to restore the building (inclusive of the trial room). It's a fascinating project and I've really enjoyed hearing about the plans they have scheduled for the building.
Since most of us will not have an opportunity to see this historical site without military access to the Fort, let me share with you this three-part series that John has compiled starting with Part 1: The Pre-Trial Period (1831-1862). Enjoy.
A History of the Prison Where the Conspirators of the Lincoln Assassination Were Tried and Hanged
Part 1: The Pre-Trial Period (1831-1862)
On April 27th, 1865, after being examined and identified as the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, the body of John Wilkes Booth was transferred from the USS Montauk to the Washington Arsenal Penitentiary. Under orders of strict secrecy, his body was buried 10 feet deep in a storage room at the prison. The storage room was located behind an iron door just 5 to 6 feet away from the Warden's quarters. Booth's corpse would remain on the arsenal grounds for the next 4 years. Thus began the penitentiary's storied history and its connection with the Lincoln assassination conspiracy.
Thirty four years earlier, the D.C. Penitentiary opened its cell doors for the first time when Thomas Williams began serving a one year prison sentence for stealing a $6.00 barrel of flour. Upon entering his prison cell, Williams was issued a Bible, two blankets and a coarse sheet. He was also given the following rules to abide:
- You shall be industrious and labor diligently in silence.
- You shall not attempt to escape.
- You shall not quarrel, converse, laugh, dance, whistle, sing, jump, nor look at nor speak to visitors.
- You shall not use tobacco.
- You shall not write or receive letters.
- You shall respect officers and be clean in person and dress.
- You shall not destroy or impair property.
The D.C. Penitentiary was built during an era of prison reformation. In the early 1800s, society no longer felt that corporal punishment would reform criminals or provide an effective deterrent to crime. Instead, religion, productive work and discipline would be the tools used to accomplish rehabilitation while providing a means to offset the cost of confinement. As a result, Congress allocated funds to construct Washington D.C.'s third prison. Unlike the other two (Old Capital Prison and Alexandria Jailhouse) which were built as temporary holding cells until one could be brought to trial, the new penitentiary would focus on rehabilitating inmates into becoming productive citizens.
Dorothea Dix
One person who was committed to seeing the D.C. Penitentiary and all its reform initiatives succeed was the famous humanitarian Dorothea Dix. She donated $100.00 of her own money to the penitentiary library. This was the equivalent of about $2500.00 in today's (2009) economy.
Charles Bulfinch
Charles Bulfinch, the architect of the Capital building was selected by President John Quincy Adams to design the new penitentiary. Its location was ideally suited to transport prisoners and supplies by water rather than laboring through city streets. The D.C. Penitentiary was situated just north of the main arsenal buildings on a small peninsula known as Green Leaf Point. Total funds appropriated to build the penitentiary were set at $140,000.00.
D.C. Penitentiary Plan
In "Fort Lesley McNair and the Lincoln Conspirators", Lincoln historian Michael Kauffman provides the following description of the D.C. Penitentiary:
The original penitentiary consisted of a twenty-foot wall enclosing a three-hundred foot yard and three buildings. The largest of these buildings was a cellblock containing 160 cells. It was flanked on the southwest and southeast corners by two identical buildings which were the administrative offices and the prison hospital, respectively. These three buildings made up the entire prison until the growing number of inmates forced the expansion of facilities.
The central building measured 120 by 50 feet, and from outside it appeared to be a three-story building. But actually, the outer walls formed a shell that enclosed an inner cellblock structure. The cells themselves were arranged in four tiers, and each was divided into two ranges of twenty cells each.
Walkways ran lengthwise along both sides of each range and led to stairways at the east and west ends of the cellblock. Each cell measured 7′ by 3 ½′ by 7′ with solid masonry walls eighteen inches thick. Their iron doors opened alternately to the north and south to prevent the prisoners from communicating with each other.
Originally, the top tier of cells was to be used for the women inmates, but this plan was soon abandoned. Two ninety foot extensions were added to the east and west ends of the cellblock, and one half of the eastern extension became the new women's ward. The other half became the deputy warden's quarters.
With the completion of the new extensions, the building measured 300 feet by 50 feet, with two 25 foot sections along the south wall, 120 feet apart. The extreme ends of the building could be entered from outside the penitentiary, and all of the sections were connected by a series of hallways and iron doors.
The far west section was considered the main visitor's entrance to the prison and this is where the warden had his office and living quarters. This section consisted of four rooms on each of its three floors. On the first floor, an iron door led to a large storeroom immediately to the east. This room was also part of the western extension and joined the main cellblock at its east wall. Directly above the storeroom was the prison chapel, and a new prison hospital was established on the third floor of this section.
Entering the cellblock's south hallway from the storeroom, one could pass straight through to the eastern extension. Here another iron door led to the women's cellblock. This section's 64 cells were designed and arranged much the same as those of the men's cellblock, but they were twice as large as the older cells.
Adjoining the women's cellblock was the deputy warden's quarters, a part of which was originally used for the prison laundry. This was the far eastern section of the penitentiary, and it also consisted of three floors. It differed from its western counterpart only in that it did not have four rooms on its third floor. A T-shaped hallway had been altered on this floor, which left the two northern rooms undivided. Thus, the northern half of the third floor consisted of one large room which measured about 40 feet by 27 feet.
Expansion of the prison was completed in the mid-1830s when a wash house and a shoe factory were built on the grounds to occupy the prisoner's time.
For 31 years, the D.C. Penitentiary operated with mostly failed results. The shoe factory built to make the prison self sufficient never made a profit. According to the prison staff, inmates were seen as too lazy and incompetent to properly use the tools they were given. In addition, no continuity in the workshops could be achieved because of inmates being brought in and being released. The average prison sentence for 90 percent of the inmates was less than two years. In an effort to increase the prison population and improve the labor production, the penitentiary opened its doors to non-district prisoners in 1850. It would not be enough. The penitentiary, despite its noble efforts at prison reformation, was soon to be closed.
In 1862, citing a need for more storage space for the arsenal, Abraham Lincoln stated that the prison was "absolutely necessary" for military purposes. Lincoln ordered that the prison be turned over to the War Department and that the convicts be transferred to other prisons. Some inmates were sent to Albany, New York State Prison while others were transferred to the front lines. The Arsenal Penitentiary would never again serve as a prison until the spring of 1865.
End of Part 1
Surratt Society: Laurie Verge and Joan Chaconas (Thanks for all the help!)
Michael Kauffman: Fort Lesley McNair and the Lincoln Conspirators
David K. Sullivan: Behind Prison Walls: The Operation of the District Penitentiary, 1831-1862
Phyllis I. McClellan: Silent Sentinel On The Potomac


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"Referee won't blow the whistle / God is good but will he listen?" -- U2
"Kierkegaard was by far the most profound thinker of the[nineteenth] century. Kierkegaard was a saint." - Ludwig Wittgenstein, to his friend Maurice Drury.
Read Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard: Religion, Individuality, and Philosophical Method by Charles L. Creegan free online.


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The Vulcan to the Sky trust - which after years of restoration and around £7m succeeded in getting Vulcan XH558 back into the air - is looking for an emergency injection of cash to keep the aircraft flying:
Pledges as of this morning stood at £951,163 - a tad short of the £1m required. However, today is pretty well the deadline, because the trust says that if it doesn't get the necessary cash as of 6 March it "will be destined to rapidly go into administration, which would inevitably lead to the sale of the aircraft, probably to an American buyer".
And if that chilling threat doesn't do the trick, nothing will. You can make a pledge at the trust's website, or by phone on 0116 247 8145. If you're a bit cash-strapped yourself, sign the Downing Street e-petition demanding that the "Vulcan XH558 project receives sufficient funding to enable it to continue 'Honouring the past and inspiring the future'". ®
Just to clarify: If the trust doesn't hit the £1m target, it will not call in the pledges.


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Corticosteroids (such as prednisone or
dexamethasone) are referred to as "transitional" medicines for the treatment of
cluster headaches, because they are sometimes used to
break a cycle of cluster headaches. They are paired with medicines that stop
(abortive) or prevent (prophylactic) additional headaches during a headache
cycle. Often, within 2 to 4 days after starting treatment with corticosteroids,
you will become headache-free. By the time the corticosteroids are
stopped—their use is often tapered within 6 to 8 weeks of starting and then
discontinued—the medicines used to prevent cluster headaches, such as
verapamil, have taken effect.
Corticosteroids are not used over a
long period of time because they can cause serious side effects,
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug
Reference is not available in all systems.)
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A tale of two rivers
By Heather Hansen, Red Lodge Clearinghouse
Recently I came across a spectacular video on YouTube, posted by the National Park Service (NPS), called "One Day in Yosemite." It's the work of 30 filmmakers who fanned out across the park on one day last June. From dawn to sundown and beyond they captured day-in-the-life details of some staff and visitors to Yosemite—a ranger on horseback spreading good will; hang gliders floating into the valley; riverside campers cooking dinner; and a moving segment of a father and son climbing Cathedral Peak. Half Dome is well-represented, including a dizzying segment of a hiker on the infamous cables and several individuals or groups in quiet contemplation of the iconic rock.
There's a lot the video gets right, and beautifully, but one aspect not well represented are the hordes of humanity that pack themselves into Yosemite Valley in the summertime. Bumper-to-bumper exhaust-belching traffic, horns honking, people yelping, rushing around and jockeying for the best photos are all part of the scenery. Also not depicted is the hair tearing positions park staff find themselves in an attempt to fulfill their paradoxical mandate, laid out in the Organic Act of 1916: "…to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."
This video intersects interestingly with three additional NPS releases—their latest statistics abstract which covers visitation numbers for all park units in 2011, and two long awaited and highly anticipated management plans. In 2011, 4 million visitors poured through Yosemite's gates. The report projects that number will continue to climb, to 4.1 million in 2012 and 4.25 in 2013. A look at historical visitation to Yosemite shows it hit 1 million visitors in 1954; 3 million in 1987 and 4 million in 1996. Since Yosemite Valley was added to the national park in 1906, a whopping 170 million people have plumbed its charms.
It's this position the NPS currently finds itself in while attempting to craft management plans which will take the preservation and enjoyment of the park into the future. Both plans now open for public comment address the fate of the two rivers that transect Yosemite are protected by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (WSRA)—the Merced and the Tuolumne.
The Tuolumne River plan—the less controversial of the two but still contentious—would spend $65 million over the next 20 years to "protect and enhance river values by restoring ecological conditions at Tuolumne Meadows and by improving conditions that pose risks to water quality, sensitive meadows, archeological sites, scenic vistas and recreational experiences." This would include adjustments to transportation, lodging, camping, parking, employee housing and concessions along the Tuolumne River corridor. This plan can be commented on through March 18.
The Merced River plan is the hot potato, the result of over a decade of legal wrangling. The proposal is the agency's third swing at a workable document since 2000, when the Ninth Circuit Court agreed with two groups suing the NPS, saying it had failed to adequately address user capacities. The WSRA requires a management plan to include "specific measurable limits on use," including land within one-quarter mile of the rivers' banks. The court said the NPS must "deal with or discuss the maximum number of people that can be received" in a Wild and Scenic River corridor. An attempt to remedy this in a plan released in 2005 again failed. A court-mediated settlement in 2009 directed the NPS to have a Merced River plan in place by July 2013.
The current proposal, which would cost $235 million over the next 15 to 20 years, resulted from 40 public workshops and the input of user-capacity experts. It offers some bold suggestions. All development will be moved away from the Merced and significant restoration of land within 100 feet of the river, including meadow and riparian habitats, will be done. Improving traffic circulation would be a major focus of the preferred alternative and day parking would increase by 5 percent, an addition of 500 parking spaces. Camping inventory will also get a 28 percent boost along the river and 37 percent in Yosemite Valley. The valley's ice skating rink would be shut down in this scenario, and commercial horseback riding, rafting and bicycle operations would be banned.
The elephant in the room is the plan's consideration of user capacity. The Merced plan proposes to accommodate 19,900 visitors per day in East Yosemite Valley, which is roughly the daily average in that area in the high season. The NPS offers this number in response to input in which the public overwhelmingly enjoined it to provide more camping and to maintain private vehicle access.
Reaction to this vision of Yosemite's future has been bleak. Greg Adair, co-founder of Friends of Yosemite Valley, the lead plaintiff in the 2000 lawsuit said, "They have to make their capacity [number] meaningful and not just a receding target." And John Buckley, executive director of the Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center said of both the Merced and Tuolumne plans: "Overall, our center is disappointed that the park is setting such high levels of user capacity rather than making it a priority in these plans to reduce crowding and congestion… The park's enthusiasm for maximizing visitor use apparently hasn't changed based on the preferred alternatives for these two latest plans."
Despite all the proposed management plans promise in terms of restoration and impact mitigation for both rivers, the criticism regarding user numbers is legitimate. In 2006, the district court found that the 2005 Revised Merced River Plan failed to address user capacity in accordance with the Ninth Circuit Court's 2003 opinion. The Ninth Circuit Court also held that since the visitor-use limits in the 2005 plan were based on current capacities, the NPS did not demonstrate how such "limits" would protect and enhance river values. This preferred alternative does not successfully address these longstanding concerns.
Next year Yosemite celebrates its sesquicentennial, marking 150 years since Yosemite became the first parkland set aside for the public by the federal government. When he signed the legislation in 1864, President Abraham Lincoln said the land was to be preserved "upon the express conditions that the premises shall be held for public use, resort and recreation." That may be Yosemite's legacy but it is hard to see how that can be its future, or the future of our other rock star parks (seven out of 10 of the most visited national parks are in the West: Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountain, Olympic, Grand Teton and Zion).
The Merced Wild and Scenic River Plan is open for comment through April 18.
Heather Hansen is an environmental journalist working with the Red Lodge Clearinghouse /Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy and the Environment at CU Law School, to help raise awareness of natural resource issues.


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Jane Fletcher Fiske, F.A.S.G.
Fundamental steps for Rhode Island research were outlined in my lecture on Wednesday, on "Developing a Practical Strategy for Rhode Island Research." Basic sources (discussed in that lecture) are John O. Austin's Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island (Albany, 1887; revised reprint, Baltimore, 1969), James N. Arnold's Vital Record of Rhode Island, 21 vols. (Providence, 1891-1912), and Alden G. Beaman's New Vital Record of Rhode Island, 13 vols. to date (Princeton, Mass., 1976-ongoing). Whether you are still looking for evidence of an ancestral connection, want to locate a source quoted (but not identified!) by Austin, or would like to fill out a picture of what you already know, you will want to go beyond the basics to look at some of the wealth of less obvious sources for research in Rhode Island.
Howard M. Chapin, Documentary History of Rhode Island 2 vols. (Providence, 1916). Volume 1 covers Providence and Warwick; Volume 2 Portsmouth and Newport, quoting contemporary sources.
Rhode Island Land Evidences 1648-1696, Volume 1 (all published) (Providence; R.I. Historical Society, 1921, 1970).
Land Evidence from Rhode Island Colony Book One (forthcoming, 2000?), transcribed by Jane Fletcher Fiske. Includes earliest surviving deeds for Newport, from 1640s.
Early Records of the Town of Portsmouth, Clarence S. Brigham, ed. (Providence, 1901). See also abstracts from the @Portsmouth Scrap-Book,@ in Rhode Island Roots, 9 [1983]: 33-36, 57-60.
Early Records of the Town of Providence, Horatio Rogers, ed. 21 vols. (Providence, 1892-1915), now available on CD ROM from Heritage Books.
Rhode Island Court Records: Records of the Court of Trials of the Colony of Providence Plantations 1662@1670, Volume 2 (Providence: R.I. Historical Society, 1922).
Records of the Rhode Island General Court of Trials 1671 - 1704, transcribed by Jane Fletcher Fiske (Boxford, Mass., 1998).
Original records for many churches may be found at R.I. Historical Society (including Friends Records for Providence, Kingstown, and nearby Dartmouth, Mass.); and at Newport Historical Society (Friends Records for Rhode Island [Aquidneck]; Trinity Church; several Baptist and Congregational).
Many church records are abstracted in Arnold's Vital Record of Rhode Island, vols. 7, 8, 10, 11.
A Bibliography by Jane Fiske, of church and ministers' records published in Arnold, various periodicals, etc. (too long to include here), was included in the Syllabus for the NEHGS Sesquicentennial Conference, Boston, July 1995 [and will be put on the web site soon].
Bruce Campbell MacGunnigle, Rhode Island Freemen, 1747-1755 (Baltimore: GPC, 1977).
"R.I. Freemen Admitted 1760-1762," in Rhode Island Roots, 10 [1984]: 82; 11 [1985]: 7, 17-19, 43-47, 73-76; 12 [1986]: 10-11, 33-36, 79-86. This is more than a list; each town clerk was directed to state the reason for each admission during that time period.
Diary of Jeffrey Watson, 1740-1784, manuscript copies in several libraries; excerpts in Rhode Island Genealogical Register, 3 [1980-1981]: 1-17. Kingstown.
The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Franklin B. Dexter, ed., 3 vols (New York, 1902). Newport, Portsmouth, Middletown.
Nailer Tom's Diary (Boston, 1930). South Kingstown from 1778 to 1840. Not indexed, but the late Joseph Blaine of Newport compiled a complete name index (by date), copies of which are in the Newport Historical Society, R.I. Historical Society, and NEHGS.
Peleg Burroughs's Journal, 1778-1798: The Tiverton, R.I., Years of the Humbly Bold Baptist Minister, Ruth Wilder Sherman, ed. (Warwick, R.I.: R.I. Genealogical Society, 1981). Newport, Tiverton, and adjacent areas in Massachusetts.
The Diary of Samuel Tillinghast, transcribed and ed. by Cherry Fletcher Bamberg (R.I. Genealogical Society, 2000). Newport.
Providence Town Papers, at R.I. Historical Society. A subject index was published in 1895 and 1896 as Fourth and Fifth Report[s] of the [Providence] Record Commissioners Relative to the Early Town Records.
Pardon Gray Seabury Papers, New Bedford Public Library, concern the Pocasset Purchase, Tiverton and surrounding area in Massachusetts. For more information, see Rhode Island Roots, 9 [1983]: 88-90.
Collections of family papers, such as the Beriah Brown Papers at R.I. Historical Society, and papers left by genealogists like Louise Prosser Bates and Anthony Tarbox Briggs, also at R.I. Historical Society; the Gladys Palmer Papers at Hope Valley Historical Society; and the papers of Marjorie Schuncke at Pettaquamscutt Historical Society. [Violet Kettelle of E. Greenwich has recently donated her papers to RIHS also.]
Jean C. Stutz transcribed South Kingstown, Rhode Island, Town Council Records 1771-1795 (Pettaquamscutt Historical Society, 1988).
There are some scattered TC records in Rhode Island DAR volumes, at RIHS.
Seventeenth-century court records in print are listed above.
Beaman, Rhode Island Genealogical Register, contain abstracts of Washington County Court Records (from record books).
See also Jane Fletcher Fiske, Gleanings from Newport Court Files 1659 to 1783 (Boxford, Mass., 1998, available from author), consisting of 1,182 abstracts of court files concerning Newport people and situations, as well as many people from other locations who appear in the records.
Bibliography of Church and Ministers' Records and Related Sources
Back to the Rhode Island USGenWeb Home Page


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Title: 1986 Playboy Playmate Desk Calendar
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