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In this article I will be looking at how to build a tripwire into your webserver. The examples that I give here are using IIS / ASP / MSSQL, but the theory remains vitually unchanged for any webserver / ISAPI langauge / SQL database combination. The concepts covered in this tutorial are just as applicable to an Apache / PHP / MySQL platform as they are to a Microsoft one. (Thanks to Jethro for confirming that for me!)
The only 100% secure webserver is one with port 80 closed, but if you intend to host a public web service that just isn't possible. My objective here was to provide an additional layer of security in handling requests received by my webserver by providing a simple means of logging any attempts to interfere with or abuse my webserver.
These sort of intrusions are not repelled by your a firewall because they attack a port that, on a webserver, is open by design. The sort of exploits can include office extension scans, traversal scans, buffer overflow exploits, mail script attacks and SQL injection, all of which use your own web service against you. Without some sort of filter to detect such attempts the webmaster of a busy site can quite happily spend entire days trolling through logs.
You can also use the information collected to prepare abuse reports for a users ISP. See my earlier tut on Hunting down skript kiddies for more details.
What is a tripwire?
In this context of this document a tripwire refers to a mechanism by which you can flag suspicious events in your web log file. The simplest way of doing this is by using an SQL datasource to store the web logs. Then, using SQL statements, we have the ability to apply SQL filters to webserver log information and pull out information relating to potential intruders.
Configuring SQL logging
The process for enababling SQL logging on IIS is as follows:
1...Create an SQL Datasource in MSSQL. I will refer to this database as the WebLog Database
2...Create a table within the WebLog database called InternetLog using the script below
3...Create an ODBC datasouce (via the control panel) pointing to the WebLog Databse called Weblog
4...Set the logging options in the site properties of the MMC to SQL logging
5...Configure the service to save data to the Weblog ODBC Datasource in the table of Internetlog
You can repeat actions 4 and 5 for each of the web services that you wish to monitor, or alternatively set this up as the default propeties for your master website and all subsequently created site will inherit this characteristic.
The InternetLog Table
You can create the InternetLog table described above by running the following script against the WebLog database in iSQL or WiniSQL. This creates all of the fields of correct type and length required by IIS SQL logging.
Testing the configurationif exists (select * from sysobjects
where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[Internetlog]')
and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [dbo].[Internetlog]
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Internetlog] (
[ClientHost] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[Username] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[LogTime] [datetime] NULL ,
[Service] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[Machine] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[ServerIP] [varchar] (50) NULL ,
[ProcessingTime] [int] NULL ,
[BytesRecvd] [int] NULL ,
[BytesSent] [int] NULL ,
[ServiceStatus] [int] NULL ,
[Win32Status] [int] NULL ,
[Operation] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[Target] [varchar] (255) NULL ,
[Parameters] [varchar] (255) NULL
Restart your webserver from the command prompt with the NET START|STOP w3svc command.
Once your webserver has restarted, if you did everything right, you should now be able to see a new record created in this log for each hit received by your site. If you are using Apache please refer to your product documentation as to what fields are required for SQL logging.
Filtering the web log
I decided that I would filter suspect records out to a seperate table, called intruder log for analisys by an operator. This IntruderLog table should have the same fields, types and lengths as the InternetLog table described above. The secondary reason for this was so that the operator was not working on the live data. The primary reason for this design choice however was that on my system the data in the InternetLog is parsed to provide customer site statistics (which I intend to cover in a later tutorial - bear with me - there's method in my madness ).
I also decided that my tripwire should do the following:
1...Maintain a list of suspect IP addresses that an operator was currently monitoring
2...Allow the removal of IP addresses from the monitoring list without deleting the actual log entries from the IntruderLog' table
3...Operator to be able to analyse this information via a web browser.
The IntruderIP list described above has a couple of benefits. First I can stop monitoring an IP without deleting the log entries, but, secondly, if I do stop monitoring an IP, and that IP returns the system will flag up not only their current log, but also their previous visits aswell. You can use this information to profile your attackers, their capabilities and next likley move.
The script to create this IntruderIP table is given below.
The Filterif exists (select * from sysobjects
where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[IntruderIP]')
and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [dbo].[IntruderIP]
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[IntruderIP] (
[IntruderID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
[IntruderIP] [varchar] (50) NOT NULL
I actually get SQL Server Agent to run this job at timed intervals, but you could just as simply write a Pearl or WSH script to use with the AT command to schedule the execution of this SQL filter.
This filter is a fairly basic one, but I'm not going into a lesson in SQL in this tut. If you want to impliment this type of system in a production enviroment you should consider the sorts of things you want to track and write your own 'filter'.
The premise for the following filter is based on the fact that most web style attacks (especially traversal scanners and SQL injection techniques) create dirty logs. Most, if not all of these attempts will cause at least some errors in the server logs. I have therefore based my filter around finding users that have created error and dropping their entire transaction history to the IntruderLog Table.
Creating a web based monitoring system--Build new Intruder IP list from
--Existing list and new data
--This function ensures that
--there are no duplicate IPs
--in the Intruder IP list.
--Clear the Tempoary IP list
delete from tempIP
--**This bit is the Filter!!
--Insert all the IPs of browsers with:
--Requests with return codes other that 200 (ok) and 302 (redirected)
--GET Requests with parameters or POST requests
--from the InternetLog file to the TempIP table
INSERT INTO tempip ( IP )
SELECT ClientHost AS IP
FROM Internetlog
where ((parameters <> '-' ) or (operation='post'))
and servicestatus <> '200'
and servicestatus <> '302'
GROUP BY ClientHost
--Copy all the existing monitored
--IPs into the TempIP table
INSERT INTO tempip ( IP )
SELECT IntruderIP AS IP
FROM IntruderIP
GROUP BY IntruderIP
--Delete the old monitored list
delete from IntruderIP
--Create a new IntruderIP list based on
--grouped new and old data
INSERT INTO IntruderIP ( IntruderIP )
SELECT ip AS IntruderIP
FROM tempip
GROUP BY ip
--Insert new data for suspect IPs
--into IntruderLog table
INSERT INTO intruderlog ( clienthost,username,logtime,service,machine,serverip,processingtime,
bytesrecvd,bytessent,servicestatus,win32status,operation,target,parameters )
select intruderip.IntruderIP as clienthost,
from intruderip join internetlog on intruderip.intruderip = internetlog.clienthost
order by intruderip
--Cleaning up the IntruderLog Table:
--Last I heard there aren't any remote explots for images
--so we ignore requests for this type of file
DELETE from intruderlog
where right(rtrim(target),3) = 'gif'
or right(rtrim(target),3) = 'jpg'
or right(rtrim(target),4) = 'jpeg'
or right(rtrim(target),3) = 'png'
or right(rtrim(target),3) = 'bmp'
Ok - so now we our filter set up to run every x minutes using either a script with the AT command or using the SQL Server Agent, we want to create a new table and fill it with some information about the sites that we are monitoring. This is so as to make this information availible to the operator alongside the IntruderLog information via a web based interface. To do this I used one more lookup table to list the site host name against its service tag. I called this table SVC. It looks like this:
I use another script to maintain the information in this table, but again, that's for another tutorial. For now lets just assume that we maintain this list manually, so that it contains the relevant information about our web services.if exists (select * from sysobjects
where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[SVC]')
and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
drop table [dbo].[SVC]
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SVC] (
[ID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
[Service] [varchar] (10) NULL ,
[IP] [varchar] (15) NULL ,
[Port] [varchar] (6) NULL ,
[Host] [varchar] (200) NULL
The Code!
Now I just need a script that brings all this information together for the operator. Here we go... I decided to link the IP addresses contained in the IntruderIP table directly to samspade so the operator doesn't have to think too much . Again, this is an ASP script, but would be fairly simle to write in any ISAPI lauguage.
/me stops to draw breath.Code:  <link REL="stylesheet" HREF="CSS/page.css"> <title>.:Server Logs:.</title>   <% 'Set a high script time out - 'This make take a while for some of the larger logs Server.ScriptTimeout = 3600 Set cn = server.CreateObject("adodb.connection") cn.Open "PROVIDER=SQLOLEDB;DATA_SOURCE=;UID=;PWD=;DATABASE=weblog" select case request("action") case "details" sqlq = "select intruderlog.*, svc.host as svchost " & _ "from intruderlog join svc on (rtrim(('W3SVC' + svc.service)) " & _ "= rtrim(intruderlog.service)) " & _ "where rtrim(clienthost) = '"& trim(request("ip")) &"' order by logtime" loglist sqlq,1 case "deleteall" deleteLog request("ip"), 1 listips case "delete" deleteLog request("ip"), 0 listips case else listips end select cn.Close Set cn = Nothing sub listIPs sqlq = "select count(intruderip) from intruderip" set rs = cn.execute(sqlq) response.write "
Monitoring "& cstr(rs.fields(0)) & _ " network intrusion attempt(s).
" sqlq = "select intruderIP.intruderip, max(intruderlog.logtime) as lastlog " & _ "From intruderIP join intruderlog " & _ "on intruderip.intruderip=intruderlog.clienthost " & _ "group by intruderip.intruderip " & _ "order by lastlog desc" set rs = cn.execute(sqlq) while not rs.eof response.write "
"&trim(rs.fields(0))&"
" & _ " (Last log entry: "& rs.fields(1) &")
" & _ "Show Log Details" & _ " | Delete IP" & _ " | Delete From Log" sqlq = "select intruderlog.*, svc.host as svchost " & _ "from intruderlog join svc on (rtrim(('W3SVC' + svc.service)) " & _ "= rtrim(intruderlog.service)) " & _ "where rtrim(clienthost) = '" & trim(rs.fields(0)) & _ "' and ((parameters <> '-' ) or (operation='POST')) " & _ "and servicestatus <> '200' " & _ "and servicestatus <> '302' " & _ "order by logtime" 'response.write sqlq LogList sqlq,0 rs.movenext wend end sub sub loglist(sqlq,all) set rs1 = cn.execute(sqlq) response.write "
" DrawHeaders(all) while not rs1.eof response.write "
" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("clienthost") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("username") & "	" response.write "" & rs1.fields("logtime") & "	" response.write "" if rs1.fields("svchost") & "" <> "" then response.write rs1.fields("svchost") else response.write "188.8.131.52" end if RESPONSE.WRITE "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("machine") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("serverip") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("processingtime") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("bytesrecvd") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("bytessent") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("servicestatus") & "	" if all = 1 then response.write "" & rs1.fields("win32status") & "	" response.write "" & rs1.fields("operation") & "	" response.write "" & rs1.fields("target") & "	" response.write "" & rs1.fields("parameters") & "	" response.write "
" rs1.movenext wend response.write "
 " end sub sub DrawHeaders(all) response.write "
" if all = 1 then response.write "clienthost	" if all = 1 then response.write "username	" response.write "logtime	" response.write "service	" if all = 1 then response.write "machine	" if all = 1 then response.write "serverip	" if all = 1 then response.write "processingtime	" if all = 1 then response.write "bytesrecvd	" if all = 1 then response.write "bytessent	" if all = 1 then response.write "servicestatus	" if all = 1 then response.write "win32status	" response.write "operation	" response.write "target	" response.write "parameters	" response.write "
" end sub sub deleteLog(ip,all) sqlq = "delete from intruderip where rtrim(intruderip) = '"& ip &"'" cn.execute(sqlq) if all = 1 then sqlq = "delete from intruderlog where rtrim(clienthost) = '"& ip &"'" cn.execute(sqlq) end if end sub %>
Ok. Thats all for now... In my next IIS/SQL article I intend to show you what happens to the rest of the information in the InternetLog table and publish the code for my simple stats package, but as I say - I'll save that for another day
If you enjoyed this article check out these others also by ntsa:
Credit card security
Dumping SQL data to a text file
Hunting down skript kiddies
Search Engine submission 'exploit'
Forced shutdown of a remote nt/2k server
Securing an installation of IIS 4. (No, seriously)
Remote DSN Connections, using WinAPIs and the registry
Scripting Internet Connections Under Window$


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Last week our good friend Kristin Nicholas invited everyone at Classic Elite Yarns out to her farm for a lesson in color work. We all jumped at a chance to go out and see the sheep…I mean her.
Kristin lives with her family on a working farm in Leyden, MA. It was a nice drive out these (especially since I wasn't driving and could knit in the back seat), and even though we were in the middle of a heatwave here in Eastern Massachusetts, it was much cooler in Western Mass.
Leyden Glen Farms had just shorn the yearlings for the first time the day before we arrived, so we were greeted by a big pile of raw wool!
We began the day with Kristin leading a discussion on colors and how they work together. She showed us some artwork by famous artists and explained how they used color to achieve the look they were going for. We then ventured down into what I am dubbing the 'Color Studio'. Kristin showed us some of her past sweater designs and why they were so successful because of her use of colors.
Kristin had picked some flowers out of her garden to illustrate how many colors there are all around us that we take for granted. She gave us each a flower and we picked yarn to match the colors in the flower. It was amazing how when you truly looked at the flower, instead of just seeing a pink flower on a green stem, you saw many many colors.
After lunch we decided as a group that we wanted Kristin to teach us some embroidery techniques. She taught us how to do chain stitch, lazy daisies, french knots, running stitches and many more. At this point I got too engrossed with what we were doing to take in-progress photos, but I did ask everyone to put their work together at the end for a group shoot. Here's a sampling of our day's work:
I love how we were all using the same yarn and techniques, but we each got something different and amazing.
After a hard day's work of playing with yarn, Kristin gave us a tour of her house and showed us how she used color in her home décor.
And I couldn't help sneak over to where the sheep and chickens were and snap a few shots.

subset: commoncrawl


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Publications on this site are organised into different types. The categories are in the side menu and reflect some of the themes that IANSA, and its members and allies work on. Alternatively, you can view the most recently added publications below.
Since 1998 a wide range of publications and resource materials have been produced by the IANSA Network. Production has been possible with donations and grants and all publications are produced on a non-profit basis by a small staff, including interns and volunteers who have assisted with translations and at various other levels within the production process.
Please note: Not all of the titles within this section are necessarily IANSA publications, nor all publishers/authors IANSA members. Please contact us if you have any queries.
antiMILITARISM: Political and gender dynamics of peace movements
30 June 2013
Writing between the nihilistic view that violence is inevitable and the utopian belief in the possibility of a violence-free world, Cynthia Cockburn carefully uncovers the movements' many tensions and antagonisms through a gendered lens. This book is the outcome of a two year funded project of research involving a sequence of studies of disparate elements of the anti- war, anti- militarist and peace movement viewed as a worldwide phenomenon. The work of IANSA, in particular that of members in Uganda, is the focus of the final case study, presented in Chapter 8 with focus on the IANSA Women's Network. For more information and to read a sample chapter, please go to: http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=536615
Bulletin 27: Women at Work: Preventing Gun Violence
06 February 2012
This edition includes: Special Focus: 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence • Turkey: National conference on Women's Perspectives on Individual Disarmament • Papua New Guinea: Women Only Training Institute • UK: WILPF Autumn seminar • Israel: Gun Free Kitchen Tables Campaign successes • African Union: Success on SALW control and gender • US: White Paper on 1325 National Action Plan • Upcoming UN Conferences: Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and UNPoA on small arms • Resources and announcements
Bulletin 26: Women at Work: Preventing Gun Violence
27 October 2011
This edition includes: The proliferation of small arms in Mali since the crisis in Libya • The activism of IANSA Women at the Kenya-Somalia border • Non-State Torture in Canada • Small arms in El Salvador • The Disarm Domestic Violence campaign in Paraguay • Gender and SALW Training Institutes in Peru and Uganda • UNSCR 1325 in the US and the Netherlands • Announcements, events & resources.
Women, Gender and Gun Violence in the Middle East
21 October 2011
This report presents the main findings of an assessment conducted in Lebanon, Jordan and Occupied Palestinian Territory from January to May 2011 by providing a situation overview, challenges and recommendations for future interventions. The proliferation of small arms has prevented women from exercising some of their most basic rights. Impacts include armed domestic violence and "crimes committed in the name of honour", as well as long term social, economic and psychological effects of revenge killings between male family members, tribal vendettas and celebratory shootings resulting in death and serious injury.
Global Burden of Armed Violence Report
21 October 2011
This Report confirms what IANSA women have known for many years, "The proportion of homicides related to intimate partners or the family represents a significant proportion of homicides in some countries in Europe and Asia." Chapter 4 focuses on 'When the Victim is a Woman' and seeks to disaggregate the demographics of armed violence and capture the ways in which women of different ages are at risk. It also considers the particular settings and risks shaping femicide and sexual violence.
UNODC report: Global Study on Homicide
12 October 2011
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has released its first "Global Study on Homicide", which shows that young men, particularly in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Central and Southern Africa, are at greatest risk of falling victim to intentional homicide. Firearms are behind rising murder rates in those regions, where almost three quarters of all homicides are committed with guns, compared to 21% in Europe. The report also shows that women are at greatest risk of murder due to domestic violence. This confirms IANSA's position as part of the Disarm Domestic Violence campaign which highlights how the greatest risk of gun violence to women around the world is not on the streets, or the battlefield, but in their own homes.
Disarm Domestic Violence - Conference report: WILPF Sweden
08 July 2011
The report contains highlights from the conference and explores the relationship between small arms and light weapons and violence against women. The conference was held on 31 March 2011 organised by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) in cooperation with the IANSA Women's Network, and the Parliamentary Forum on Small Arms and Light Weapons, along with IANSA members Amnesty International and the Swedish Fellowship of Reconciliation.
Voices of survivors: the different faces of gun violence
13 May 2011
This publication features 16 testimonies acquired by IANSA of women survivors of gun violence from a number of different countries. The violence occurs in various contexts and situations but the one common denominator in all of these stories is the misuse of guns. The choice of the countries featured is based on responses from IANSA women, and it is striking to see the similarities that exist even though the countries in which the armed violence occurs may be 'worlds apart'.
Bulletin 24: Women at Work: Preventing Gun Violence
06 May 2011
This edition includes: IANSA women active at the UN: CSW and UN Women launch • Jordan: Small arms and gender • DRC: Disarm Domestic Violence • Special Focus: The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) • and information about events and resources.
When Men Murder Women: An Analysis of 2008 Homicide Data
17 September 2010
In the USA, black females murdered by men are most often killed with a gun, almost always by someone they know according to the new Violence Policy Center (VPC) report. 'When Men Murder Women: An Analysis of 2008 Homicide Data' details national and state-by-state information from the USA on female homicides involving one female murder victim and one male offender. Firearms - especially handguns - were the most common weapon used. "These findings alarmingly demonstrate how domestic violence can escalate to homicide. More resources need to be made available to protect women and prevent such tragedies" said Kristen Rand, VPC Legislative Director.


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Greene and Lenoir counties will be well represented today in Greensboro.
A slew of participants from Greene Central, Kinston and South Lenoir high schools will vie for several NCHSAA state 2A individual track and field championships today at N.C. A&T University.
Six individual girls and two relay teams will compete for the ladies� titles while nine individual boys and four relay teams will compete for the males.
Greene Central has two girls and four boys competing along with two boys relay teams. Kinston has two girls and a relay team, and three boys and two male relay teams competing.
South Lenoir has two girls, two boys and a girls relay team in the championships.
Each qualifier finished fourth or better in last weekend�s regionals at Wilson Beddingfield.
Greene Central
Girls � Alexis Robinson, 400-meter dash; Azalea Hill, 100-meter hurdles.
Boys � Tevin Bates, high jump, long jump, triple jump; Joseph Biggs, high jump; Curtez Braswell, long jump; Daquan Lee-Jones, long jump; 4-by-100-meter relay team (Alex Thaggard, Brandon Belcher, Lee-Jones, Bates); 4-by-200-meter relay team (Thaggard, Braswell, Belcher, Dwight Evans).
Girls � Lydia Rivers, 200-meter dash, high jump; Annie Thi, 300-meter hurdles; 4-by-400-meter relay team (Starr Nwabuo, Alexis Soloman, Debbie Martin, Thi).
Boys � Daequon Carr, 200-meter dash; Chris Bell, 800-meter run; Jeremy Taylor, triple jump; 4-by-400-meter relay team (Reggie Lewis, Denzel Keyes, Bell, Keith Haynie); 4-by-800-meter relay team (Bell, Nick Frankfort, Keyes, Tajahn Williams).
South Lenoir
Girls � Caroline Jones, 800-meter run, 1,600-meter run, 3,200-meter run; Meredith Rhodes, 300-meter hurdles; 4-by-800-meter relay team (Jones, Rhodes, Carley Hill, Tana Tyndall).
Boys � Mason Zeagler, 3,200-meter run; Bryce Floyd, 100-meter wheelchair dash; 200-meter wheelchair dash; shot put wheelchair; discus wheelchair;


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Nyhetsbrev fra Sør-Afrika
Our staff in Sør-Afrika regularly put together a newsletter which is sent to volunteers working in Sør-Afrika at the time, those signed up to join a project in Sør-Afrika and to previous volunteers. The newsletters contain information about the country and our projects, stories written by volunteers, advice on what to expect when volunteering abroad in Sør-Afrika and much more. If you're considering overseas voluntary work the newsletters are a great way to gain a better idea of what to expect.
2,34MB Sør-Afrika Nyheter - Februar 2015
Our Care volunteers, from all of our 12 care placements in Cape Town came together to paint and refurbish one of our care placements, Tehilah Educare.
1,89MB South Africa (Cape Town) Newsletter - January 2015
This year we welcome a new business project and project partner, Operation Smile. Operation Smile is an international children's medical charity that performs safe, effective cleft lip and cleft palate surgery, and delivers postoperative and on-going medical therapies to children in low and middle income countries.
1,84MB Southern Africa - Botswana Conservation Newsletter - January 2015
Today we started the day at 6:30am with everybody's absolute favourite activity: Road Creation! We created new roads as they might lead to a great location to see elands or something else really cool.
2,66MB South Africa (Cape Town) Newsletter - December 2014
On the 1st of December we celebrated World AIDS Day. On this day people are encouraged to help raise awareness about this pandemic, and also to help dispel the many myths about the disease by educating others about it.
1,93MB Southern Africa - Botswana Conservation Newsletter - November 2014
This morning Sophie, the conservation manager, showed us some camera trap footage from the previous night; from a watering hole just a couple of hundred meters from camp. Yesterday evening they had discovered a leopard kill up in a tree and the cameras showed us night time videos of the leopard eating its kill.
2,24MB South Africa (Cape Town) - November 2014
Thre's nothing better than having a volunteer walk into our office and freet us with a huge enthusiastic smile. That is exactly how 19 year old Shane Waxler stole the hearts of most off the staff here in the Projects Abroad South Aafrica office.
2,02MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - October 2014
On day 31 we woke up early and left the camp at 6am for an adventure walk with Ali and Elsa, our guides. Best activity ever! We were so excited because we went to a new area, the neighbouring reserve where we will be working, too. We started exploring and found burrows to put camera traps, baobabs to protect, and much more.
2,34MB South Africa (Cape Town) Newsletter - September 2014
Projects Abroad Cape Town had the opportunity of hosting a unique group of young girls who are a part of the popular Girl Guide group in the UK. The Girl Guides that came to volunteer with us were made up of seven gorls aged between 15 to 20 years old, and they were accompanied by their three elder leaders who mentor the girls at their programme back home.
2,03MB Southern Africa - Botswana Conservation Newsletter - September 2014
September was welcomed with warmth at Motswiri Camp. The dry, hot weather that typically marks the end of Botswana's winter has arrived. The cold mornings and evenings of the last few months have been replaced by a much appreciated soft, cool breeze. It's really quite delightful.
2,05MB South Africa (Cape Town) Newsletter - August 2014
The level of education in schools based in poorer communities is known to be much lower than those in the more privileged communities. These schools face a number of issues such as text book shortage and overcrowding of learners in a single classroom. This overall affects the literacy rate amongst learners as students who are struggling do not get the extra time needed for them to catch up with the rest of their class mates.
1,95MB Southern Africa - Botswana Conservation Newsletter - August 2014
I had a great day here! First of all, my group went on an activity to control erosion (we had to put rocks into a truck and offload them into a hole that had to be filled). It is actually funny because my very first activity was collecting the same rocks that, on my last day, I had to put into the hole. A nice finish!
2,22MB South Africa (Cape Town) Newsletter - July 2014
SANCCOB is a non-profit organisation that saves and rehabilitates African penguins and other kinds of threatened seabirds. As one of our Animal Care Projects, SANCCOB gives regular tours to volunteers, educating them on the work that they do at the centre.
1,39MB Southern Africa - Botswana Conservation Newsletter - July 2014
This morning, we heard a lion roar. So we decided to do a "Spoor ID". To do this, we needed to drive in the direction of the calls. There we found the tracks of the lion and tried to follw them. This was very exciting but very exhausting as well. We walked for about 4.5 hours and around 11 km. We did not find the lion but it was an amazing experience. It was so great to know that there was a lion near us. I hope we will hear the lion again or that we will find its tracks again.
649KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - June 2014
In the afternoon, we hid cameras in the bush and covered them in chilli sauce to keep the wild animals away. Someone came up with the hilarious idea to play the dung spitting game, which involved everyone taking two kudu droppings each and spitting them as far as possible! On the way back to camp, we stopped at a riverbank because Elsa was curious about it. We were exploring the riverbed when suddenly the trees moved and a huge animal appeared. Our guides, Sophie and Elsa, signalled to move backwards slowly and from a distance, we observed the magnificent elephant.
958KB South Africa Newsletter - June 2014
My favourite colour is green because it reminds me of nature. I love to see people's facial expressions when I tell them I am a vegetarian. So far I have hiked up Table Mountain and the Lion's head, my next one is Devil's Peak. I really love Projects Abroad because of the work environment and the beautiful people I meet in the company and the volunteers from different countries; I leave work at the end of the day feeling accomplished.
710KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - May 2014
Today we woke up at 5 am. After a short breakfast (even Hans took a small one), we left the camp at 6 am. Our mission for today was BRIDGE REPAIRING 2.0. Over the course of the morning, we filled up the trailer with sand four times. This was not the most enjoyable work but we couldn't repair the bridge without sand. We were all so happy when the 'machine' came to fill up the trailer. It took us about an hour to fill up the trailer with our spades and then the machine did it in 10 minutes! We were really happy to get help.
3,31MB South Africa Newsletter - May 2014
'G'day mate. I've had a ripper of a time here in South Africa. I'm going to miss everyone (especially Ivy). I enjoyed mixing cement, filling lots of sandbags and playing with the children. Before I leave, I will make sure to sign Amandine's flag. I deeply miss Dimitri and no one else. I am looking forward to having another encounter with my dear friend Robert (aka Robin). I also miss Larissa. We had good times at the Building Project together.
573KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - April 2014
This morning we all woke up very tired. In fact, we spent the night on the kopje that we cleared the day before. It is such a beautiful place! It was really exciting to sleep in the middle of the wilderness! We took it in shifts to stay awake for 2 hours, while others were sleeping to keep guard for what happened around us. So, it was with a cup of tea that Michele and I were watching over the sleeping volunteers, and we had the chance to see two hyenas! At around 5:30 am, we woke up some volunteers to see the sunrise at the top of the kopje. It was gorgeous!
2,70MB South Africa Newsletter - April 2014
Niels van der Schans has been doing amazing work at the building project and has inspired many volunteers to do even more amazing work. He spent a lot of the time with the children and had greatly impacted their lives in a positive way. He had also brought his parents to come for a visit.
3,51MB South Africa Newsletter - March 2014
"With your pointing finger ready, open up the book. What does the first page say? "T-h-e c-a-t s-a-t o-n t-h-e m-a-t". Excellent! Let us read it again, but this time, without sounding out the letters. Good job, Ashwin. High-five." Being a Teaching volunteer is so much more than the conventional teaching method: I know and you need to learn. As a volunteer you have the opportunity to get to know the children, learn more about what motivates them, and most importantly help build their self-confidence.
4,10MB South Africa Newsletter - February 2014
I don't always see myself as a 'people's person'. I love it when I've gotten to know wonderful new people, but the process leading to that moment for me is exhausting. I am in desperate need of my alone time, and I hate to be in someone's way. All this considered; it was not an obvious choice for me to go and live in someone else's house, in a country wildly different from my own, with five girls from a bunch of other countries.
735KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - January 2014
2014 is already here and the Conservation Project is back in full swing. Our staff came back from their Christmas break and immediately started preparing the camp for our first volunteer arrivals of 2014.
2,99MB South Africa Newsletter - January 2014
What a great way to start the New Year. From the great success stories of the holiday program, to the amazing work of the building project. I always found even numbers to be lucky and now that the year 2014 has started, I think it is true. 2014 is going to be a good year, with loads of activities and new initiatives.
3,27MB South Africa Newsletter - December 2013
With Christmas around the corner everyone is getting ready for the holiday spirit but it is also nearly the end of the year and everyone can feel it. There is something in the air that makes people a little more relaxed and more in a lazy-daze, but nonetheless the volunteers are still fresh and ready for action.
1,42MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - December 2013
Good morning Botswana! At 5:30 this morning, we woke Camilla with a birthday song in the bathroom! This morning, we started at 6 am and drove to the two waterholes, in an area of the reserve called Little Serengetti, to clean the dirt out of them.
2,38MB South Africa Newsletter - November 2013
2013, are we ready to say goodbye? It is nearly the end of the year and everyone can feel it. There is something in the air that makes people a little more relaxed and more in a lazy-daze, but nonetheless the volunteers are still fresh and ready for action. This month is a month of giving and realization, with the great initiative of the human rights office and the great drive from the Bruseth/Bråten family.
1,54MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - November 2013
The rains are here! Immense bellows of thunder, magnificent streaks of lightening build up in the scorching heat. Life giving water bursts from the sky, enveloping the parched earth and satisfying every waterhole, niche and participant in the ecosystem. In immediate response, the reserve flurries into action!
1,49MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - October 2013
This morning we split into 2 groups. One group did bird census. The second group, including me, did a baobab census with Dave. We used GPS co-ordinates to find the trees which we should gather information about. These co-ordinates had been recorded by previous volunteers who located each of the trees.
2,41MB Sør-Afrika Nyheter - Oktober 2013
In South Africa, we are all about family and friendship. Many volunteers arrive and leave, but they never forget the warmness and love shown by our rainbow nation.
1,09MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - September 2013
Welcome to the September 2013 Botswana Conservation Newsletter! Spring is definitely in the air at Wild at Tuli and the summer rains should not be too far off. We have observed the reappearance of many different butterfly families; Monarchs, Acraeas and Pansies.
2,39MB Sør-Afrika Nyheter - September 2013
"Working on the building project with Deen and the other volunteer has been an incredible experience that I will never forget. From the very beginning everyone was so welcoming. I was made to feel part of a big family and I have now learnt so many new skills that I will take away with me." Dan
440KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - August 2013
After some of us came home this morning from a successful sleep-out, the others left for Mathathane village to paint the classroom walls at the primary school. One hour of a windy car ride later, we arrived at the school.
1,49MB South Africa Newsletter - August 2013
Erica has really been fantastic. She's the most helpful person in the office, she has been pro-active with her work and she has done the most interviewing (even in her own time). She has put a tremendous amount of effort into the project, taking English lessons and getting her teacher to read over her work before it comes to me.
2,80MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - July 2013
Approximately one year ago we started an experiment to see whether or not applying tree sealant to trees damaged by elephants would increase the chances of the tree recovering by preventing further damage from elephants and infection from termites and disease.
1,72MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - June 2013
This morning, we all woke up around 6am after a nice weekend. After breakfast, was a sad moment as we said goodbye to Ellen, who is leaving after one month with us. We will miss her a lot!
1,01MB Sør-Afrika Nyheter - Juli 2013
Our Adopt-A-Family project, which provides a suitable and sustainable home for a family living in Vrygrond, one of the most vulnerable communities in South Africa, was a major hit for the Where Rainbows Meet organisation, and the day that brought everything together was just amazing!
1,10MB Sør-Afrika Nyheter - Juni 2013
Also on 11 June, Miriam (PAHRO Volunteer Supervisor), Sam (Project Manager) and Sherwin (PAHRO Legal Services Coordinator) spent the day volunteering at the Cape of Good Hope SPCA in Grassy Park.
1,43MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - May 2013
Today I woke up at 4.30am, so I saw the African sunrise, which was very beautiful! At 5.30am, we took off to Thune Dam for bird spotting. The Thune Dam is a really beautiful place, especially when the sun is coming up from behind the mountains. We went to a few spots around the lake and spotted 22 different bird species in total. Too bad we didn't spot the flamingo this week!
667KB South Africa Newsletter - May 2013
As the height of winter approaches, Projects Abroad South Africa is asking for various donations that can be distributed throughout the communities in which we work. Most things you'd get rid of can actually be used by someone at one of our projects (threadbare rugs, old mattresses, sheets, pillows, etc.). Donations can be collected – please arrange with Gisela Madden (074 103 6585).
700KB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - April 2013
In the afternoon, we were split into 2 different groups. Julie and Marco did a crocodile census with AB. Aurore, Matt, Anne and I did an elephant identification drive with Dave. We drove in different parts of the reserve and saw a lot of elephants, including a group of 22 with 3 juveniles. Very impressive! We saw another herd at Elephant Springs and another herd of 8. Lots of new elephants to add the database!
688KB South Africa Newsletter - April 2013
The human rights team's last four court appearances in the Wynberg and Athlone Magistrates' courts were successful. Resident attorney Sherwin Daniels and his team of interns managed to get a juvenile accused of armed robbery out of detention and released into the care of his guardian without paying any sum of money for bail in a formal bail application.
1,96MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - March 2013
This morning, my group left camp at 7am and headed to the Thune dam to conduct a bird census. After about an hour and a half drive, we arrived at the dam, a vast expanse of water stretched out in front of us, fringed by greenery. It reminded me of the mangroves back home in Australia. The dam was a recent government initiative to introduce a permanent water source to the area.
728KB South Africa Newsletter - March 2013
The Sibanye Garden Project was launched in 2011 by Where Rainbows Meet Training and Development Foundation. Since then, the organisation has put tremendous effort into the constant development of their organic garden. Highlights along the way include last year's harvest as well as various donations from local businesses and governmental bodies.
1,72MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - February 2013
Around 9:30am, we set off for Mathathane, encountering impalas, wildebeest and baboons as we drove out of the camp. We headed to the village general store for munchies, drinks and other items the volunteers wanted.
966KB South Africa Newsletter - February 2013
What makes Cape Chameleon a special and unique magazine? It is the collaboration of the many different volunteers from all over the world. At the moment we have volunteers from Germany, England and Switzerland who all have their own ideas and unique way of writing their articles.
1,77MB South Africa Conservation Newsletter - January 2013
After our first ever sleepout at Mamatumi, we returned to camp just after dawn to discuss our nocturnal sightings and enjoy some breakfast. With a few hours of leisure time before our next activity, we all stumbled to bed for some sleep.


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Special offer on Paper Vending Cups
For a limited time we're offering our new range of Paper Vending Cups at reduced introductory rates. Disposable paper cups for vending machines offer several benefits over and above their plastic counterparts. Empirical studies have proven that the perceived value of a beverage is hugely influenced by the vessel in which it is served, despite the drinks being identical. For vending machine operators this brings the obvious advantage of being able to charge a premium price for a takeaway coffee, instead of serving the same drink for less in a plastic cup.
Studies have shown an increase in unit price of between 200% and 300% for an identical coffee served in a paper vending cup from the same vending machine.
We offer the new 'Prism' range of paper vending cups in 3 different sizes; 7oz tall, 7oz squat and 9oz. Lids are available to fit both the 7oz tall and 9oz cups.
The special offer prices on this range are as follows:
Tags: disposable vending cups, hot drink vending cups, paper cups, paper cups for vending machines, paper vending cups, vending cups for hot drinks


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What to See in Panama City's Casco Viejo
Casco Viejo has always had a romantic look, but for decades the romance has been of the tropical-decadence, paint-peeling-from-the-walls variety. Since the 1990s, though, it's been undergoing a tasteful and large-scale restoration that's giving the old buildings new luster and has turned the area into one of the city's most fashionable destinations for a night out. Elegant bars, restaurants, and sidewalk cafés have opened. Hotels and hostels are arriving. Little tourist shops are popping up. Amazingly, this is being done with careful attention to keeping the old charm of the place alive. Unfortunately, the renovation is squeezing out the poorer residents who've lived here for ages.
The "Old Part," also known as Casco Antiguo or the San Felipe district, was the second site of Panama City, and it continued to be the heart of the city during the first decades of the 20th century. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1997. It's a city within the city—940 buildings, 747 of which are houses—and one from a different age. It's a great place for a walking tour. You can wander down narrow brick streets, sip an espresso at an outdoor café, visit old churches, and gaze up at wrought-iron balconies spilling over with bright tropical plants. Its buildings feature an unusual blend of architectural styles, most notably rows of ornate Spanish and French colonial houses but also a smattering of art deco and neoclassical buildings.
In some respects Sunday is a good day for exploring Casco Viejo. For one thing, it's the likeliest time to find the churches open and in use. However, though more bars and restaurants are now staying open on Sunday, most aren't, and even some of the museums are closed. Several places are also closed on Monday. Getting a look inside historic buildings and museums is easiest during the week, especially since some are in government offices open only during normal business hours. Churches open and close rather erratically.
Safety Considerations
Even with the makeover, Casco Viejo is not the safest part of Panama City. Ironically, the area's renaissance seems to be driving crime: With more tourists and affluent residents in Casco Viejo, there's more appeal for criminals.
There's no reason to be overly concerned, but use common sense and try not to stand out. If you're pale and gringo, try to look as though you're a resident foreigner. Don't wander around at night, and be cautious when venturing beyond the major hubs of activity (Plaza Bolívar, Plaza de la Independencia, and Plaza de Francia). Look at the map of Casco Viejo and mentally draw a line from Luna's Castle to Parque Herrera: At night, do not venture west of this area on foot. Also avoid the block of Calle 4 between Avenida Central and Avenida B at night. Parque Herrera is still on the edge of a sketchy area.
The neighborhood is well patrolled by the policía de turismo (tourism police), who cruise around on bicycles and are easy to spot in their short-pants uniforms. They've been trained specifically to serve tourists, and they're doing an impressive job. It's not unusual for them to greet foreign tourists with a handshake and a smile and offer them an insider's tour of the area or help with whatever they need. Don't hesitate to ask them for help or directions. Their station is next to Manolo Caracol and across the street from the Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia (Avenida Central between Calle 2 Oeste and Calle 3 Este, tel. 211-2410 or 211-1929). It's open 24 hours, and the officers will safely guide you to your destination night or day.
There's a heavy police presence around the presidential palace, but those police are stern and no-nonsense. Their job is to protect the president, not help tourists.
Plaza de la Independencia
In the center of Casco Viejo is the Plaza de la Independencia, where Panama declared its independence from Colombia in 1903. This area was the center of Panama City until the early 20th century. The buildings represent a real riot of architectural styles, from neo-Renaissance to art deco. Construction began on the cathedral, the Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, in 1688, but it took more than 100 years to complete. Some of the stones used come from the ruins of Panamá La Vieja. It has an attractive marble altar and a few well-crafted stained-glass windows, though otherwise the interior is rather plain. The towers are inlaid with mother-of-pearl from the Perlas Islands. The bones of a saint, Santo Aurelio, are contained in a reliquary hidden behind a painting of Jesus near the front of the church, on the left as one faces the altar.
Museo del Canal Interoceánico
The Museo del Canal Interoceánico (Avenida Central between Calle 5 Oeste and Calle 6 Oeste, tel. 211-1995 or 211-1649, 9 a.m.–5 p.m. Tues.–Sun, US$2 adults, US$0.75 students) is dedicated to the history of the Panama Canal. The museum is housed in what started life as the Grand Hotel in 1874, then became the headquarters of the French canal-building effort, and later spent the early part of the 20th century as the capital's central post office. It's worth a visit, but be prepared for some frustration if you don't speak Spanish. Everything is Spanish only, which is significant since the exhibits often consist more of text than anything else. However, an audio guide in English, Spanish, and French is available. The displays tell the story of both the French and American efforts to build the canal, and throw in a little bit of pre-Columbian and Spanish colonial history at the beginning. There's some anti-American propaganda, and most of what's written about the canal from the 1960s on should be taken with a big chunk of salt. There's a good coin collection upstairs, as well as a few Panamanian and Canal Zone stamps. There's also a copy of the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties that turned the canal over to Panama. You can tour the whole place in about an hour.
Museo de la Historia de Panamá
The Museo de la Historia de Panamá (Avenida Central between Calle 7 Oeste and Calle 8 Oeste, tel. 228-6231, 8 a.m.–4 p.m. Mon.–Fri., US$1 general admission, US$0.25 children) is a small museum containing artifacts from Panama's history from the colonial period to the modern era. It's in the Palacio Municipal, a neoclassical building from 1910 that is now home to government offices. At first glance it seems like just another one of Panama's woefully underfunded museums housing a few obscure bits of bric-a-brac. But anyone with some knowledge of Panama's history—which is essential, since the Spanish-only displays are poorly explained—will find some of the displays fascinating.
Among these are a crudely stitched Panama flag, said to have been made by María Ossa de Amador in 1903. She was the wife of Manuel Amador Guerrero, a leader of the revolutionaries who conspired with the Americans to wrest independence from Colombia. The flag was hastily designed by the Amadors' son, and the women in the family sewed several of them for the rebels; the sewing machine they used is included in the display. If the revolution had failed, this quaint sewing circle might have meant death by hanging for all of them. Instead, Manuel Amador became the first president of Panama.
On a desk by the far wall is the handwritten draft of a telegram the revolutionaries sent to the superintendent of the Panama Railroad in Colón, pleading with him not to allow Colombian troops from the steamship Cartagena to cross the isthmus and put down the revolution. This was one of the tensest moments in the birth of Panama. In the end, they didn't cross over, and the revolution was nearly bloodless. The telegram is dated November 3, 1903, the day Panama became independent, and those who sent it are now considered Panama's founding fathers.
Other displays include a stirrup found on the storied Camino de Cruces, a plan for the fortifications built at Portobelo in 1597, 17th-century maps of the "new" Panama City at Casco Viejo (note the walls that originally ringed the city, now all but gone), and the sword of Victoriano Lorenzo, a revered hero of the War of a Thousand Days.
Western Fringes of Casco Viejo
The church with the crumbling brown facade and whitewashed sides near the corner of Avenida Central and Calle 9 Oeste is Iglesia de la Merced, which was built in the 17th century from rubble salvaged from the ruins of Panamá La Vieja. It's worth a quick stop for a look at its wooden altars and pretty tile floor. The neoclassical building next to it, the Casa de la Municipalidad, is a former mansion now used by the city government.
The little park, Parque Herrera, was dedicated in 1976. The statue of the man on horseback is General Tomás Herrera, an early hero of Panama's complex independence movements. Some of the historic buildings ringing the park are undergoing major renovation, with at least three hotels planned for the area.
Church of the Golden Altar
The massive golden altar (altar de oro) is a prime tourist attraction at Iglesia de San José (Avenida A between Calle 8 and Calle 9, 7 a.m.– noon and 2–8 p.m. Mon.–Sat., 5 a.m.–noon and 5–8 p.m. Sun.). Legend has it that the altar was saved from the rapacious Welsh pirate Henry Morgan during the sacking of the original Panama City when a quick-thinking priest ordered it painted black, hiding its true value.
The Flat Arch
The original Iglesia de Santo Domingo (Avenida A and Calle 3 Oeste) was built in the 17th century, but it burned twice and was not rebuilt after the fire of 1756. It remains famous for one thing that survived, seemingly miraculously: the nearly flat arch (Arco Chato). Since it was built without a keystone and had almost no curve to it, it should have been a very precarious structure, yet it remained intact even as everything around it fell into ruins. One of the reasons a transoceanic canal was built in Panama was that engineers concluded from the intact arch that Panama was not subject to the kinds of devastating earthquakes that afflict its Central American neighbors.
On the evening of November 7, 2003, just four days after Panama celebrated its first centennial as a country, the arch finally collapsed into rubble. It has since been rebuilt, but its main appeal, its gravity-defying properties through the centuries, can never be restored. The church itself is undergoing a slow restoration.
Plaza de Francia
The Plaza de Francia (French Plaza) has seen a great deal of history and was among the first parts of Casco Viejo to be renovated, back in 1982.
The obelisk and the marble plaques along the wall commemorate the failed French effort to build a sea-level canal in Panama. The area housed a fort until the beginning of the 20th century, and the bóvedas (vaults) in the seawall were used through the years as storehouses, barracks, offices, and jails. You'll still hear gruesome stories about dungeons in the seawall, where prisoners were left at low tide to drown when the tide rose. Whether this actually happened is still a subject of lively debate among amateur historians. True or not, what you will find there now is one of Panama's more colorful restaurants, Restaurante Las Bóvedas. Also in the plaza are the French Embassy, the headquarters of the Instituto Nacional de Cultura (INAC, the National Institute of Culture) in what had been Panama's supreme court building, and a small theater, Teatro Anita Villalaz. Tourists are not allowed into the grand old building that houses INAC, but it's worth peeking into from the top of the steps or the lobby, if you can get that far. Note the colorful, if not particularly accomplished, mural depicting idealized versions of Panama's history. (The building was used as a set for the 2008 James Bond film Quantum of Solace, as were the ruins of the old Union Club.) Next to the restaurant is an art gallery (tel. 211-4034, 9:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Tues.–Sat.) run by INAC that displays works by Panamanian and other Latin American artists.
Walk up the staircase that leads to the top of the vaults. This is part of the old seawall that protected the city from the Pacific Ocean's dramatic tides. There's a good view of the Panama City skyline, the Bridge of the Americas, and the Bay of Panama, and the breeze is great on a hot day. The walkway, Paseo General Esteban Huertas, is shaded in part by a bougainvillea-covered trellis and is a popular spot with smooching lovers. Along the walkway leading down to Avenida Central, notice the building on the waterfront to the right. For years this has been a ruin, though there have long been plans to turn it into a hotel. This was once the officers' club of the Panamanian Defense Forces; it was largely destroyed during the 1989 U.S. invasion. Before that, it was the home of the Union Club, a hangout for Panama's oligarchy that's now on Punta Paitilla.
Casa Góngora
Built in 1756, the stone house of Casa Góngora (corner of Avenida Central and Calle 4, tel. 212-0338, 8 a.m.–4 p.m. Mon.–Fri., free) is the oldest house in Casco Viejo and one of the oldest in Panama. It was originally the home of a Spanish pearl merchant. It then became a church and has now been turned into a small, bare-bones museum. It's had a rough history—it has been through three fires and the current wooden roof is new. A 20th-century restoration attempt was botched, causing more damage. There isn't much here, but the staff can give free tours (in Spanish) and there have been noises about making it more of a real museum in the future. There's an interesting, comprehensive book on the history of the house and neighborhood (again, in Spanish) that visitors are welcome to thumb through, containing rare maps, photos, and illustrations. Ask for it at the office. The museum hosts jazz and folkloric concerts and other cultural events in the tiny main hall on some Friday and Saturday nights, and occasionally hosts art shows.
Iglesia San Felipe de Neri (corner of Avenida B and Calle 4) dates from 1688 and, though it has also been damaged by fires, is one of the oldest standing structures from the Spanish colonial days. It was renovated in 2003, but is seemingly never open to the public.
The National Theater
The intimate Teatro Nacional (National Theater, between Calle 2 and Calle 3 on Avenida B, 9:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Mon.–Fri.) holds classical concerts and other posh events. It was built in 1908 on the site of an 18th-century monastery. It's housed in the same building as the Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia (Ministry of Government and Justice), which has its entrance on Avenida Central.
Inaugurated on October 1, 1908, the neo-baroque theater is worth a brief visit between concerts to get a glimpse of its old-world elegance. The public can explore it during the week but not on weekends. The first performance here was a production of the opera Aida, and for about 20 years the theater was a glamorous destination for the city's elite. Note the bust of the ballerina Margot Fonteyn in the lobby; she married a Panamanian politician in 1955 and lived out the last part of her life in Panama.
The ceiling is covered with faded but still colorful frescoes of cavorting naked ladies, painted by Roberto Lewis, a well-known Panamanian artist. Leaks in the roof destroyed about a quarter of these frescoes, and the roof partially collapsed. The roof was restored and the theater reopened in 2004. Be sure to walk upstairs to take a look at the opulent reception rooms.
Plaza Bolívar
Plaza Bolívar (on Avenida B between Calle 3 and Calle 4) has been undergoing a charming restoration. It's especially pleasant to hang out on the plaza in the evening, when tables are set up under the stars. It's a good rest stop for a drink or a bite. A good café to check out is Restaurante Casablanca.
The plaza was named for Simón Bolívar, a legendary figure who is considered the father of Latin America's independence from Spain. In 1826 Bolívar called a congress here to discuss forming a union of Latin American states. Bolívar himself did not attend and the congress didn't succeed, but the park and the statue of Bolívar commemorate the effort.
The congress itself was held in a small, twostory building that has been preserved as a museum, now known as the Salón Bolívar (Plaza Bolívar, tel. 228-9594, 9 a.m.–4 p.m. Tues.–Sat., 1–5 p.m. Sun., US$1 adults, US$0.25 students).
While the museum is designed attractively, there's not much in it. The room upstairs contains the text of the protocols of different congresses called during the independence movement. There's also a replica of Bolívar's jewel-encrusted sword, a gift from Venezuela (the original is now back in Venezuela). The actual room where the congress took place is on the ground floor.
The little museum is entirely enclosed by glass to protect it and is actually in the courtyard of another building, the massive Palacio Bolívar, which was built on the site of a Franciscan convent that dates from the 18th century. The building that houses the Salón Bolívar was originally the sala capitula (chapter house) of that convent, and is the only part of it that is still intact. The palacio dates from the 1920s and was a school for many years. Now it's home to the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (Foreign Ministry). During regular business hours (about 8 a.m.–3 p.m. Mon.–Fri., 9 a.m.–1 p.m. Sat.), it's possible, and well worthwhile, to explore the huge inner courtyard, which has been outfitted with a clear roof that's out of keeping with the architecture, but protects it from the elements. The courtyard is open to the surf in the back, where part of the original foundation can be seen. Be sure to notice the beautiful tilework and the posh chandelier at the entrance.
Next door but still on the plaza is a church and former monastery, Iglesia y Convento de San Francisco de Asís. The church dates from the early days of Casco Viejo, but was burned during two 18th-century fires, then restored in 1761 and again in 1998. It's an attractive confection on the outside, particularly its soaring tower, which is partly open-sided. It resembles a gothic wedding cake. It is not currently open to the public.
The Presidential Palace
The presidential palace, El Palacio de las Garzas (Palace of the Herons), is on the left at Calle 5 Este, overlooking Panama Bay. It's an attractive place that houses the presidential office and residence. Visitors are not permitted, and the palace and the neighboring streets are surrounded by guards. Everyone walking past the front of the palace must now go through a metal detector; they're set up at either end of the street. Guards may ask for your passport, but more likely they will just wave you through after the cursory search. Be polite and deferential— they should let you walk by the palace. As you pass, sneak a peek at the courtyard through the palace's front door, visible from the street, and try to spot the herons around the fountain.
Vicinity of Casco Viejo
A pedestrian path with great views links Casco Viejo to the city markets, running through the dockyard area known as known as the Terraplén. This is one of the more colorful and lively parts of the city. The path is part of the Cinta Costera along the Bay of Panama. Pedestrians, cyclists, and runners can enjoy great views of the bay, skyline, and fishing fleet while exploring the waterfront area. Four wide, busy lanes of the Cinta Costera separate the path from the densely packed and rather squalid streets of the Santa Ana and Santa Fé districts, making the path appealing even to the more safety-conscious.
For hundreds of years, small fishing boats have off-loaded their cargo around the Terraplén. These days fish is sold through the relatively clean, modern fish market, the two-story Mercado de Mariscos (5 a.m.–5 p.m. daily), on the waterfront just off the Cinta Costera on the way to Casco Viejo, right before the Mercado Público. This is an eternally popular place to sample ceviche made from an amazing array of seafood, sold at stalls around the market. There's usually a line at Ceviches #2 (4:30 a.m.–5 p.m. daily), though whether it's because the ceviche is truly better or because it's simply closer to the entrance and open later than the other stalls is something I'll leave to true ceviche connoisseurs. The large jars of pickled fish don't make for an appetizing scene, but rest assured that ceviche is "cooked" in a pretty intense bath of onions, limes, and chili peppers. Prices for a Styrofoam cup of fishy goodness range from US$1.25 for corvina up to US$3.50 for langostinos. You shouldn't leave Panama without at least trying some ceviche, whether here or somewhere a bit fancier.
Other stands, some with seating areas, are next to the main market building closer to the dock, but they tend to be smellier than the market. Those with sensitive noses will want to visit the area early in the morning, before the sun ripens the atmosphere.
Meat and produce are sold at the nearby Mercado Público (public market) on Avenida B, just off Avenida Eloy Alfaro near the Chinese gate of the Barrio Chino. The market is plenty colorful and worth a visit. It's gated and has a guard at the entrance.
The meat section, though cleaner, is still not fully air-conditioned, and the humid, cloying stench of blood in the Panama heat may convert some to vegetarianism. The abarrotería (grocer's section) is less overwhelming and more interesting. Shelves are stacked with all kinds of homemade chichas (fruit juices), hot sauce, and honey, as well as spices, freshly ground coconut, duck eggs, and so on. The produce section is surprisingly small.
There's a food hall (4 a.m.–3 or 4 p.m. daily) in the middle of the market. The perimeter is ringed with fondas (basic restaurants) each marked with the proprietor's name. A heaping plateful costs a buck or two.
Lottery vendors set up their boards along the walls by the entrance, and across the gated parking lot is a line of shops selling goods similar to and no doubt intended to replace those on the Terraplén. These include hammocks, army-surplus and Wellington boots, machetes, camping gear, and souvenirs such as Ecuadorian-style Panama hats. Each store keeps different hours, but most are open 8 a.m.–4 p.m. Monday–Saturday, and some are open Sunday mornings.
The market is staffed with friendly, uniformed attendants who can explain what's going on, especially if you speak a bit of Spanish. There's a Banco Nacional de Panamá ATM near the entrance.
Up Calle 13 is the crowded shopping area of Salsipuedes (a contraction of "get out if you can"). The area is crammed with little stalls selling clothes, lottery tickets, and bric-a-brac. Just north of this street is a small Chinatown, called Barrio Chino in Spanish. Most of the Chinese character of the place has been lost through the years; the ornate archway over the street is one of the few remaining points of interest.
There is one ATM in Casco Viejo, next to the tourism police station on Avenida Central near Calle 2. It's best to come to Casco Viejo with sufficient cash.
Farmacia El Boticario (Avenida A and Calle 4 Oeste, tel. 202-6981, 8:30 a.m.–7 p.m. Mon.–Fri., 9 a.m.–6 p.m. Sat.) is Casco Viejo's only pharmacy.
Getting Around
A good way to explore the area is to come with a knowledgeable guide or taxi driver who can drop you in different areas to explore on foot.
You'll probably save time this way, as the streets are confusing and it's easy to get lost. Do major exploring only during the daytime; those who come at night should taxi in and out to specific destinations. Restaurant and bar owners can call a cab for the trip back.
Even locals get lost here. Watch out for narrow one-way streets and blind intersections. Street parking is hard to find in the day and on weekend nights. There's a paid lot with an attendant on the side of the Teatro Nacional that faces Panama Bay. It's open 24 hours a day.
Excerpted from the Fourth Edition of Moon Panama.


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These prices are based on the Higher Rate Motability Component. Pricing and offers are correct at the date of publication and are subject to confirmation. Pricing may not be accurate as pricing is updated quarterly. Unless otherwise stated, metallic paint at extra cost. Library image for illustration purposes only.
Fuel: Diesel
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Trans: Automatic
Front and rear floor mats, Quickclear heated windscreen, Post collision braking, Front and rear parking sensors, Ford easy fuel, 4.2" TFT coloured cluster, Ford DAB audio system with 6 speakers, Rear spoiler...
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Combined - 63 mpg EC Extra Urban - 0 mpg EC Urban - 0.
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Ten Second Review
The Ford Kuga has evolved in this third generation guise into a more credible mid-sized SUV contender that now benefits from an engine range featuring both plug-in and mild hybrid electrified offerings. There's sharper styling, a much nicer cabin and extra technology that segment buyers will like. In short, if you're shopping in this sector, this is still a car you very much need to consider.
Ford's Kuga was one of the first affordable family SUVs to prioritise a decent driving experience. With other rivals now frequently copying that approach, the Blue Oval brand needed to do more to set its contender apart. Hence the changes made to a third generation model that's now been revitalised. The updates made are mainly of the kind you'd expect would be needed for this growing fashion-conscious market - electrified engine tech, smarter looks, extra media connectivity and more sophisticated safety provision. So, will it all be enough to keep this Kuga feeling current in a marketplace crammed with fresh, modern alternatives? It's time to find out.
Driving Experience
The Kuga has always been good to drive. What it's not always been is efficient to run. But Ford reckons that's changed, courtesy of this third generation model's electrified powertrain line-up. The headline model is the plug-in Kuga Hybrid, which comes with a 2.5-litre petrol engine with an electric motor/generator powered by a lithium-ion battery, the package putting out a useful 225PS. There's a choice of front wheel drive or Ford's 'Intelligent All-Wheel Drive' system. If you can't quite stretch to this plug-in derivative, your Ford dealer will suggest you take a look at the mild hybrid 150PS version of the brand's 2.0-litre EcoBlue diesel powerplant, which comes only in front driven firm and employs a belt-driven integrated starter/generator (BISG) that replaces the standard alternator. The BISG enables recovery and storage of energy during vehicle decelerations, while charging a 48-volt lithium-ion air-cooled battery pack. Plus the BISG also acts as a motor, using the stored energy to provide electric torque assistance to the engine under normal driving and acceleration, as well as running the vehicle's electrical ancillaries. More conventional powerplants also feature across the line-up. There's a base 120PS 1.5-litre EcoBlue diesel. And you can have the brand's usual 1.5-litre EcoBoost petrol engine carried over from the previous Kuga, available here in 120 and 150PS forms. All three of these options come only in front-driven form. If you want a Kuga with AWD and can't afford the plug-in version, you'll need the 2.0 EcoBlue 190PS diesel model.
Design and Build
This third generation Kuga is a significantly bigger thing than its predecessor. It's 44mm wider and 89mm longer than the outgoing model, while the wheelbase has increased by 20mm. This is thanks to a new C2 platform that allows for a wheelbase increase of 20mm and has allowed this Ford to become one of the bigger SUVs in the mid-sized sector, freeing up space for the brand's new Puma crossover to fit in between this Kuga and Ford's entry-level EcoSport SUV. Inside, the exterior size upgrades translate into 43mm more shoulder room and 5mm more hip room in the front seats than the outgoing model, while rear passengers benefit from 20mm more shoulder room and 36mm more hip room. Despite an overall height that is 20mm lower than the outgoing model, this third generation Kuga also has 13mm more headroom for front seat occupants and 35mm more in the rear. For rear seat passengers, heated outer seats are available for the first time, and the entire second row of seats can be moved backwards for best-in-class 1,035mm rear legroom, or forwards to increase boot space by 67-litres. A remote release function enables the second row to be folded flat with ease. At the wheel, it's much as it would be in a Focus hatch, with the usual 8-inch centre-dash SYNC 3 infotainment touchscreen. Upper-spec Kuga variants though, differ from their Focus counterparts in their provision of a 12.3-inch digital instrument cluster.
Market and Model
Pricing sits in the £24,000 to £38,000 bracket and there are five Kuga trim levels - 'Zetec', 'Titanium', ' ST-Line', 'ST-Line X' and 'Vignale'.From launch, there were also various First Edition 'Titanium', ' ST-Line' and 'ST-Line X' variants. Even base 'Zetec' variants are well equipped, coming complete with 17-inch alloy wheels, a 'Quickclear' heated windscreen, an 8-inch SYNC 3 centre dash infotainment screen and a very complete package of camera-driven safety kit. Most buyers will want though, to at least go a step further up the range to 'Titanium'-spec, which gets 18-inch machined alloy wheels, full-LED headlamps, front LED fog lamps, auto headlights and wipers and keyless entry. Inside in a 'Titanium'-spec Kuga, you can expect sports seats with lumbar support, cabin ambient lighting, dual-zone climate control and a B&O Premium audio system. Ford thinks the most popular trim level will be 'ST-Line', which adds a body styling kit, 18-inch 'Rock Metallic' alloy wheels, sports suspension, black roof rails and a large rear spoiler. Inside with an 'ST-Line' variant, you get a flat-bottomed steering wheel, alloy pedals, 'Sensico' sports seats with red stitching and a full digital 12.3-inch instrument cluster. 'ST-Line X' trim adds 19 inch wheels, a panoramic roof, heated powered front seats and a powered tailgate. And the plush 'Vignale' variant gets full-leather upholstery and special 19-inch 'Liquid Aluminium' alloy wheels.
Cost of Ownership
Ford has pulled out all the stops to make the latest Kuga more economical than before. Obviously, the ultimate option in this regard is the plug-in hybrid 2.5 Duratec PHEV version, which records an official WLTP fuel figure of 201.8mpg and an NEDC-rated CO2 reading of 26g/km. As you might expect, the 1.5 EcoBlue 150PS mild hybrid diesel is next up, managing up to 56.5mpg (WLTP) and up to 111g/km of NEDC-rated CO2. The conventional 1.5 EcoBlue 120PS diesel manages up to 55.4mpg (WLTP) and 109g/km of NEDC-rated CO2. Less impressive is the 1.5 EcoBoost petrol 120PS unit, which manages up to 42.2mpg on the WLTP combined cycle and 128g/km of CO2. The 1.5 EcoBoost petrol 150PS unit manages up to 42.2mpg on the WLTP combined cycle and 126g/km of CO2. As for other stuff you'll need to know, well these days, the three year/60,000 mile Ford warranty looks pretty unremarkable, but in the first year, you do get unlimited mileage UK and European roadside cover and unlimited paint cover. There's also a 12 year unlimited mileage perforation warranty. There's also the 'Ford Service App' that you can download to your phone for free. It lets you locate your nearest dealer to make maintenance bookings, plus as a bonus, the app can help you find petrol stations and even has a 'Park Me' feature that remembers where you left the car, to save hunting for it in busy multi-storeys.
By Jonathan Crouch
If you're looking for a new Ford Kuga 1.5 EcoBlue Zetec 5dr Auto Diesel Estate for sale, you've come to the right place. At Bristol Street Motors we don't just have the best Ford Kuga 1.5 EcoBlue Zetec 5dr Auto Diesel Estate deals, we also offer friendly advice and help with all your enquiries to ensure your buying experience is a happy experience.
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Key Standard Features*
- Solid - Blazer blue
- Solid paint
- Zaha Etton cloth - Ebony
- Tyre inflation kit
|Body Glass
|Quickclear heated windscreen
|Privacy glass
|Power front/rear windows with global close
|Post collision braking
|Electronic stability control (ESC) and ABS
|Driver Aids
|Front and rear parking sensors
|Intelligent speed assist
|Lane keeping aid with lane departure warning
|Cruise control with adjustable speed limiter
|Selectable drive modes
|Pre collision assist with autonomous emergency braking
|Power assist steering
|Driver Convenience
|Ford easy fuel
|Driver Information
|4.2" TFT coloured cluster
|Mobile phone wireless charging pad
|Ford SYNC 3 with 8" colour touchscreen, App Link, andriod auto/apple carPlay and navigation with Ford pass connect
|Ford DAB audio system with 6 speakers
|Exterior Body Features
|Rear spoiler
|Silver roof rails
|Power folding heated door mirrors with puddle lights
|Twin exhausts
|Exterior Lights
|Front fog lights
|Halogen Projector Headlamps
|LED daytime running lights
|LED rear lights
|Auto headlamps (on/off)
|Manual air conditioning
|Interior Features
|230V power convertor in second row
|Leather steering wheel and gear knob
|Centre console with electronic parking brake
|Zaha Etton cloth upholstery
|Rear charging point
|Powered child proof rear door locks with global closing
|Tyre pressure monitoring system
|Drivers knee airbag
|3x3 point rear seatbelts
|Ford MyKey Gen 2 safety system
|Airbags - front driver/passenger, front and rear curtain
|Powered child proof rear door locks
|Sports seats
|4 way manually adjustable passenger seat with height, reach,till and backrest
|8 way manual driver seat including lumbar support and height adjust
|2nd row sliding seats
|Front and rear head restraints
|Engine immobiliser
|Locking wheel nuts
|Keyless start with 'Ford Power' starter button
|Thatcham category 1 alarm
|Remote powered central double locking doors
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|Engine Power - BHP
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Olesya Rulin Snakeskin Purse
Olesya Rulin chose a silver snakeskin bag to add some texture to her red carpet look.
Olesya Rulin Slacks
Olesya Rulin chose a pair of satin pants in a soft pale pink for a sophisticated and feminine red carpet look.
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Olesya Rulin Loose Blouse
Olesya Rulin chose a boxy white blouse for her mod-inspired red carpet look at the 'Family Weekend' screening.
Brand: Osman
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BMC AMI for Security enables you to automatically monitor and secure your mainframe data with confidence, connect to the SIEM of your choice, and more easily satisfy compliance requirements.
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BMC AMI for Security enables enterprise SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) systems to monitor mainframe environments in real time and deliver on growing compliance requirements.
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Coastal Dunes Crowned Snake
Scientific name: Tantilla relicta pamlica (TELFORD 1966)
* Currently accepted name
* scientific names used through time
- Tantilla coronata wagneri – CONANT 1958
- Tantilla relicta – TELFORD 1966
- Tantilla relicta pamlica – TELFORD 1966
Description: Average adult size is 7-8.5 inches (17.7-21.5 cm). Adults are tannish to reddish-brown with a black head, chin, and back of neck. There is a light band on the back of the head. The snout is pointed and labial scales are lighter colored than the head. The belly is uniform white to yellowish-pink. The scales are smooth, and there are 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody. The pupil is round. Juveniles are similar to adults.
A. Top of the head
B. Underside of the head (chin and throat)
C. Front (face view) of the head
D. Side of the head
E. Smooth scales
Range: In Florida, the Coastal Dunes Crowned Snake occurs along the Atlantic coast from Brevard County south to Palm Beach County. It is not found outside of Florida.
Habitat: Rare, sometimes found in well-drained grassy dunes, pinelands, and hardwood hammocks.
Comments: HARMLESS (Non-Venomous). The Coastal Dunes Crowned Snake is a terrestrial burrower, mainly found under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and other debris. It feeds on insect larvae, snails, and centipedes. It lays eggs. No specific data have been reported, reproduction is believed to be similar to the Southeastern Crowned Snake (Tantilla coronata).
Comparison with other species: The Rim Rock Crowned Snake (Tantilla oolitica) lacks a lighter colored snout and scales on the upper lip. The Florida Brown Snake (Storeria victa) is grayish-brown with a light mid-dorsal stripe and flecking on each side. The Ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus) is black with a bright yellowish-orange belly with black spots.


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In these courses, you won't just learn the language but also useful information about France.
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French for your Vacation
Is a trip to France just around the corner? Here you'll quickly learn some important words, phrases and the basics for getting by.
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