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Guest Post by Paul King
The sole page of Proteus' help screen begins "Move with WASD. Look around with the mouse.â€
No other controls exist, besides the space bar. Instead of offering a traditional jump, it commands the player's avatar to sit, peacefully, for as long as they might. The help screen's final instructions begin with what seems like half of a warning: "Each island is unique, but familiar.â€
To move past the title screen and into the game, you begin by clicking the silhouette of a distant island. After fading, the screen opens from a murky black into a gently disappearing elliptical shape, as though you were slowly opening your eyelids. You've awoken in what appears to be an endless ocean, a muted sea-green punctuated by the gentle lapping of white reflections. In the distance, you begin to make out the outline of a shrouded landmass. As you trudge towards it, the only anchor in the game's ceaseless sea, you can practically feel the sunlight of the raincoat-yellow orb shining in the sky.
Everything in Proteus is rendered in a blocky, colorful style that should be familiar to everyone who's ever seen an early pixelated video game. (Think the "ball†of pong, or the sharp edges of Mario.) But the style isn't due to a lack of processing power or graphical method; instead, the world's lack of texture translates into a picturesque canvas of flat colors, almost as though you were gazing directly into a visual interpretation of one of Brian Eno's ambient tracks.
As you climb onto the shores of your island and walk past the flat browns of tree trunks and across the rolling green hills dotted with single-color flowers and blocks representing dandelions, an ambient soundtrack erupts. These are the changing environs and characters, and your interactions with them feel as though they were entirely up to you.
When somebody completes any video game, they tend to have finished a universal experience. Though the person playing it might have preferred a different gun, or tactic, or motorcycle, their journey is usually one shared by all other players. Certain blockbuster titles, usually role-playing games, offer choice and varied game paths as a selling point. There, you might choose to be a thieving elf that sneaks through danger, or a devil-may-care warrior slaying all in your path. Ultimately, however, the same challenges are present.
Proteus doesn't exactly offer a challenge. There are no tests of dexterity or hand-eye coordination; there is only your movement through and consideration of the world, your journey. Pass by a stone obelisk and hear a great deep bass noise burst and fade slowly into a background of crickets. Chase a frog and hear its hops become the staccato twang of a distant guitar, or reach a mountainous peak above a plateau of raining clouds and listen to an uplifting crescendo.
Some sound origins are obvious. The crickets cricket, and leaves fall like soft glass. Still, there are other tones I'm uncertain about. Perhaps it was my position on a specific hill, or maybe it was the shadow of a pink-tufted tree. Proteus' soundtrack—a constant soothing orchestration of hidden instruments—is only one of the complex machinations behind deceitfully simple visuals.
Each island in Proteus is procedurally generated. Algorithmically, one comes together in a way that is unique, but familiar, placed together by a machine, or equation.
At a certain point, the boxy sun sets and is replaced by the moon. Night arrives, marked by a deep blue and a subdued soundtrack. Slowly, the bright dots of the island's airspace—be they fireflies, wisps, spots of cotton—swirl and gather, until finally, they culminate in a furious whirlwind at the center of a circle of stones. As you approach it, time speeds up. Clouds and stars race above you, the trees around you begin to shudder and dance. The music, now faster, eggs them on. Enter the circle and soon, the screen fades to white, almost as if signaling an end to your time on the island, a quiet release from the frenzied energy. But then island returns, rewarding a patient moment of darkness in the same way a morning welcomes those just stirring from sleep.
The colors have changed slightly, and the music with it. In the air before you dances a swarm of bees. Above you the calm sphere of the sun now has flaring tendrils, shining down harder than before. Vibrant collections of flowers have sprouted up since you walked into the mystical circle of stones and its swirling puffs.
Usually when a game environment transforms, dangers arrive. Night might reveal prowling tigers, shambling zombies, or some spooky other. Proteus remains peaceful, instead signaling the end of its day and condensed season with frenetic motion. Though you act as a catalyst in the seasonal change by entering that swirling circle, you can't help but feel a small component of a greater cycle; a piece in an action that comes from a living, breathing land mass. The whole island, player included, enters a chrysalis and emerges anew.
Often, a game's digital world exists solely as a static landscape with one-sided interaction. Usually, it is up to us as individual players to act as the experimental component or the dynamic instrument. But though we, as individuals in a programmed world, might be dynamic, we all fulfill the same role. We are the same cog that fits into a developer's machine, makes it turn linearly through its universal paces. This tends to result in an identical experience for all who play the same game.
There are pieces of Proteus that hint at an identical experience. You awake in an ocean; you climb ashore a distant island; you swirl through the seasons. But since each island is procedurally generated, no two islands or games will ever truly be the same.
At a certain point during my night in Proteus, a white owl appeared in a tree, staring at me before taking off and flying to the next tree; later, I walked towards the crude ruins of a tower to find myself teleported to another crumbling monument.
I learned later that others retelling their experiences on the game's forums had not encountered the owl. Instead, one account was dominated by a dark figure that appeared after the night sky had turned red, only to run off, while making sure the player was following. Some played with constellations; some sat in solemn graveyards. While we had all played Proteus, it became clear that we did not share the same experiences; we all wandered through different worlds, encountering familiar aspects in a unique way.
The main difference between unique play in Proteus and role-playing games is agency. In a massive fantasy or space world, the player is given what appears to be wide path to play how they wish. They move through a static world and sculpt it in a pre-designed fashion. Ultimately, the developers of these games give players the gift of agency, the ability to move through that world and shape it.
This also forces the game to be reliant upon the player. Even if a game's narrative is linear, it depends on the player to advance it. For example, a programmed character within a game may walk a programmed path, forever, until a player enters and engages its route. By interacting with that non-player character (NPC), the player has helped it fulfill its destiny, and furthered the action of the world. The expectation is that the world exists at the behest of the player, and the player is often imbued with the power of a god who may alter the world.
While Proteus as a game—and product— exists for the player, its world isn't reliant upon a specific player experience. Because it isn't static, differences occur, many and obviously, around the player. Because the world is produced dynamically, the player must act as a static element with practically no control. And though each player may in turn approach the game in an identical capacity, once the island is generated, it is a fresh, dynamic world each time, reducing the potential for a homogenized experience.
The largest contributor to this success is the way in which Proteus plays with music. The endless cacophony (both aural and visual) that permeates the atmosphere is so incredibly active. As a player explores, animals or flowers don't change course like an NPC. Instead, they react naturally, not as though they were born for your experience, but almost as if the opposite were true. When you approach an area that produces a sine wave—be it a tree, a slope, or some other mystery—the feeling isn't that Proteus or the object in Proteus has begun to play for you, but that the sound, or owl, or structure was always there, and you just happened, through a chance generation, to wander into it. Starting a game of Proteus is not like listening to a pre-recorded album, but like listening to the chaotic throng of generative music. And though you might begin and stop Proteus at will, there's no guarantee that the island's music will follow.
Paul King is a poet, writer, and video game enthusiast currently living in Chicago, IL. He grew up in Austin, TX and graduated from Bard College with a BA in Liberal and Written Arts.
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Sunday, May 30, 2010
French-Canadians in Anderson's New Caledonia
As his handwriting is sometimes hard to read, I have to take a guess at a few of the names.
Below is a listing of the men who worked or passed through the fort, with whatever information I have about them.
Pierre Cadotte -- Cadotte was a common name in the fur trade and there is a huge Metis family, but whether or not this man belongs to it I cannot tell you. But in Oct. 1844 Anderson wrote, "Michel Ogden with Cadotte & Laframboise (Ind.) off to Grand Lac on a drouine," and later, "M. Ogden off to trade salmon below with Montigny, Cadotte & 2 Indians." I strongly suspect Cadotte is Metis or Native.
Abraham Charbonneau -- accompanied A.C. Anderson on his first expedition across the country between Kamloops and Fort Langley, and came to New Caledonia from Fort Colvile. He may be a Metis descendent of Touissant Charbonneau who came across the country with the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1805. He was first mentioned in the journals in spring 1846, and in June Anderson says "They will be forwarded at Kamloops by Charbonneau, Lacourse & Touin, whom I left there in passant." In Jan. 1847, Anderson wrote, "Vautrin returned from Ft. George, having left two men (Charbonneau & Desautels) on the way -- the former being sick & unable to travel. Three days after these men cast up. they have their feet frozen and altogether are in dismal plight."
Edouard Crete -- Crete was a French Canadian who came from Sorel and entered the service in 1838, coming straight to New Caledonia and serving as master of the canoe and bateau fleet for New Caledonia. In Oct. 1846 Anderson writes, "Four men, Crete, Fallardeau, Vautrin & Roi are come down to winter here." In Oct. 1846, "Rene & Crete putting down flooring in the house...Crete & Roi laying flooring &c in dwelling houses." In Oct. 1847 Anderson wrote that "This eveing the boutes arrived from S. Lake. Crete, Davis, Roi, Michel & two Owyhees -- no leather has come down, the supplies from Peace River having once more remained along the way.." I understand he retired in the Columbia, and that Crate's Point, on the Columbia River, is named for him.
William Davis -- In Feb. 1846 Anderson writes, "Linneard preparing for the chimney, with Davis & others." Davis accompanied Anderson his his first expedition across the country between Kamloops and Fort Langley; but in Sept. 1846 "it was intimated to me that two men, Ignace [Yarantrimarat] & Wm. Davis, deserters from the Brigade, were arrived. Immediately I got up & having seized the men, had them tied." He was put to work at Fort Alexandria, and in Oct. 1846, "Linneard, Lacourse, Davis & 4 lads off to clear & break up new land at the Riv. a la Barriere, where I intend to carry on operations hereafter." In April 1847, Anderson said that "Bapts. Lapierre being sent to conduct the trades at Thleuz-cuz, accompanied by William Davis."
"Delonaise" -- This man could be a Metis son of Louis Delonie or Delaunois (Delauney)who was steersman in New Caledonia in 1822-1827. He appeared for the first time in the journals after Marineau returned from Fort Colvile with three new men in Nov. 1844, when "Mr. Charles, with Marineau, Atla (as guide) and the man Delonais to Thleuz-cuz..." On Nov. 15th, "Today, Delonais, the man who accompanied Mr. Charles, cast up. He states that he lost himself 3 days ago, but having succeeding in finding the encampment in the night, he slept there, and next morning was unable to find his horses, which he had hobbled closely." Delonaise is sent north to Fort George with a guide, as he is unfamiliar with the country, and does not appear again in the Fort Alexandria journals.
Joseph Desautels (Desautel) accompanied Anderson on his second expedition between Kamloops and Fort Langley in 1847, and was a 20-year-old French Canadian from Yamaska, Quebec, who entered the service in 1843 and came directly to New Caledonia. In March 1846 Anderson's journal says, "Express party off about 8am to encamp at the guard when they will get fresh horses. Marineau, Wentrel, Desautels, Lanctat & Charbonneau compose the party -- the first and last to return from Colvile." Desautels also returned to New Caledonia.
Michel Fallardeau was a 20-year-old Metis when he entered the service in 1827 at Fort Vancouver. By 1837 he was in New Caledonia and in Dec. 1845 Anderson noted that "Camille Lonctain installed as as carter. Fallardeau variously occupied," and "Fallardeau preparing the wood for a winnowing machine," and "Fallardeau & Liard winnowed 63 bushels of barley, finishing about 1pm." Fallardeau accompanied Anderson on his second expedition across the country in 1847, and appears to have retired in 1851. However, some historians have said that Kamloops' Paul Fraser beat Fallardeau to death. If this is true, this may be the reason why Anderson was "very bitter with [Fraser] at Langley" in summer 1850.
Alexandre or Alexis Gendron was in his mid to late twenties when he served under Anderson at Fort Alexandria, and was a blacksmith. In January 1843, Anderson wrote: "Gendron, cook & sundries." In August 1843, "Gendron after milking cattle, having breakfast &c, set out with Thirouac to commence covering the barn." He may have helped in building the Fort Alexandria mill; "Gendron sifting flour," in April 1844. Anderson wrote of this mill's construction, "to grind our wheat, we had a small portable mill, with stones two feet in diameter...the mill itself was well made and efficient, but the driving gear, constructed at Alexandria, was a marvelous piece of workmanship. In those days of make-shifts, and dove tailing of means and appliances, to turn a Canadian voyageur into a millwright was nothing. Hence our mill, of which by the way we were very proud, rumbled round in a most eccentric manner." In Oct. 1845, "Yesterday Alexis Gendron & Heloise (formerly Esther Moreau), step-daughter of Joachim Lafleur, were united in matrimony by the Revd. Pere Nobili S.I." In Jan. 1847, "Gendron at intervals, making nails &c."
The New Caledonia "Lacourse" men were the LaCroix or Lacroise brothers -- Michel, Theodore, and Pierre. Michel LaCroix (Lacroise), entered the fur trade in Montreal in 1839 and came directly to Fort Vancouver. By 1840 he was in New Caledonia, remaining there till about 1867. Theodore Lacourse worked at Fort Alexandria and accompanied Anderson on both his explorations across the country between Kamloops and Fort Langley; and Anderson must be speaking of Theodore when he writes in April 1846, "Linneard, Vautrin & Lacourse having prepared the ploughs, made a beginning to plough this evening in the home field." Pierre LaCroix was also in New Caledonia, and in September 1846 Anderson wrote, "Yesterday afternoon I rec'd a note from Mr. Manson stating the desertion of two men, Pierre & Theodore Lacourse. I have commissioned the Inds. to search for these men & if they discover them to give me notice. I have also sent down word to the same effect to the Rapid, with directions to the Indians to steal their horses & bring them back to me with prompt intelligence." It is hard to tell exactly who abandoned the brigade, but it appears from Anderson's writing that William Davis was one of the deserters and Ignace was the other. Anderson's journal says, "this morning intimation was brought that Davis, having left Ignace, was returned hither, & that during the night endeavoured to persude Lacourse to set out with him for Kamloops." In Jan. 1847, "P. Lacourse cutting wood for a large wheel for the mill. Theodore Lacourse & Ignace threshing."
Joachim Lafleur -- A French Canadian, Lafleur came from Montreal and joined the fur trade as a 23 year old in 1828. He worked in the Columbia and Fort Colvile district until 1838 when he came to New Caledonia (Kamloops). In 1848 he accompanied Anderson to Fort Colvile and remained there until 1854, when he returned to Canada. Joachim Lafleur was afraid of snakes, and on one occasion startled the brigade-men when he found a snake that Anderson had killed and hung on a bush by the trail.
Francois Laframboise -- A French Canadian, Laframboise joined the fur trade in Montreal as a 20 year old and came directly to the Columbia district in 1831. By 1837 he was in New Caledonia, and appears on many occasions in the Fort Alexandria journals. In January 1845, Anderson wrote in his journal, "Today the following men arrived from S. Lake to pass the remainder of the winter here -- [Franc.] Laframboise, Pierre Cadotte, Pierre Lefevre, Charles ..., William, Wentrel...Men disposed as follows: Gendron, kitchen; Marineau, cutting wood in lieu of Rene who is sick, Linneard & Cadotte thrashing wheat; Lamframboise winnowing oats; Thirouac variously; Wentrel, wood." In 1846 Laframboise returned to the Columbia district, and retired about 1850, remaining in the country.
Olivier Laferte dit Theroux -- A French Canadian, Laferte entered the fur trade from Yamaska, Quebec, in 1828, and came to the Columbia in 1832. By 1837 he was in New Caledonia, where he is sometimes listed as a Fisherman. I thought that Anderson may have used both his names in the Fort Alexandria journals -- at least there is a Therioux/Theriouac/Thirouac that I am unable to trace. But in March 1845, Thirouiac retires though Anderson writes about Laferte, "I have engaged Olivier Laferte for 2 years Thleuz-cuz wages at 19 pounds with 3 pounds as fisherman, the same terms as his last engagement." In March 1845, "Laferte, whose toe is still sore from a frost-bite, employeed making wedges & [masses] for the press." A few days later, "Laferte (who has been laid up with his frozen toe ever since his arrival) making pegs &c."
Therouac -- In June 1843, Therouac was planing boards for Anderson's residence, and "Thirouac, M. Ogden, &c, making chimney in dairy." In March 1845, Anderson wrote that "Two retiring servants accompany [Mr. Lane to Fort Colvile], Lefevre & Therouiac."
Baptiste Lapierre -- From the journals, February 1843, "Yesterday Mr. McLean arrived from Chilcotins, accompanied by Liard. Baptiste Lapierre, whom I expected over on his way to Canada, is now willing to renew his employment & has consequently remained at home." In Sept. 1845, "Baptiste Lapierre arrived from Thleuz-cuz. He is come by permission of Mr. Charles, to enter upon a connubial treaty with Lolo's former wife; but unfortunatly for his views the lodge is at present absent. The old man wishes to form a permanent alliance with her; and as she is of a discrete age, and I believe of a decent character, I think the old man might do worse." Pere John Nobili married the pair. In Oct. 1846, "Baptiste Lapierre, interpreter." In Oct. 1847, "Lapierre with Laframboise (the Native) & Montigny made an early start for Thleuz-cuz, having to pass round by Chilcotins on the way back."
Thamire Liard appears to have had two names -- his other being Thomas Stanislaus. A French Canadian, he came from St. Constant, Laprairie, and entered the service in 1833, coming almost directly to Fort Vancouver. In July 1843, "This evening Mr. McLean & Liard cast up from Chilcotins, which they left this morning with two of Mr. McLean's horses." In Oct. 1845, "Liard with a number of Ind. lads, began digging potatoes, the crop of which promises to be abundant." He retired in the Columbia in 1848.
The man listed in the journals as Jean Lennard/Lenniard/Linneard turned out to be Jean Baptiste Leonard, a French Canadian who joined the fur trade in 1840 and came directly to Thompson's River and New Caledonia. In the early 1840's he was twenty six years old. Leonard at at Fort Alexandria when Anderson arrived in 1842; "John Lennard digging a hole for a necessary." Later, "The cattle having come home, sent Linneard to move them back to the Prele, as we have no fodder for them, reserving the cows which seem to be near their time." "Linneard and Lefevre off to Stonia to mow for hay." In Nov. 1844, "Linneard brewed some beer." In July 1846, "Linneard & Vautrin thrashed some wheat for grinding, as we have not quite sufficient flour to complete the quantity (50 bags) intended for the interior." In Sept. 1847, "Linneard &c tying & carting grass for barn-thatch, previously mowed." (In winter they covered the boat-storage house with hay and in the spring used that hay, if necessary, to feed the animals.) In January 1848, "Linneard laid up with the measles," and a day later the houses were crowded with the sick.
Baptiste Lolo and Edouard Lolo both served at Fort Alexandria at various times, and would have been Metis descendents of the Thompson's River Native named Lolo. John Todd married a daughter of Jean Baptiste Lolo, and the Lolo name appears often in the Kamloops and Fort Alexandria area.
I have been unable to discover anything about Marineau who worked for years under Anderson at Fort Alexandria, and who almost always led the Fort Colvile express every spring and fall. He was married to a Native woman and may have been Metis; from the Fort Alexandria journals, December 1842: "Dispatched Edouard Lolo and Marineau's brother-in-law to Kamloops with the letters rec'd yesterday." But Marineau is often mentioned in regards to important duties, "Want of ink chiefly has interrupted my journal for a time but now by the arrival of Marineau from Colvile, I have received a supply. He & Gendron arrived here yesterday (18th April 1844) but there was no intelligence of import, further than the safe arrival of Mr. Ogden at Colvile on the 26th Ulto." In Dec. 1844, "poor Marineau, having met with severe lacerations of the eye, lies [in a bad way] & suffers much. I am doing what I can to relieve him."
Edouard Montigny accompanied Anderson on both his expeditions across the country between Kamloops and Fort Langley, and was one of his most responsible men. He entered the service in 1833 at Fort Vancouver, and it is assumed he was the son of Ovid Montigny and his country wife. Edouard had a brother named Baptiste, who also worked at Fort Alexandria but who deserted in Sept. 1844. Anderson wrote, "I suspect the scamp has let some of our horses stray off, and is afraid of his brother's anger."
Jean Baptiste Paquette (B) came from Lachine in 1846 and entered New Caledonia in 1848 with Anderson; he was a French Canadian boy who appears to have remained at Kamloops. In Dec. 1846, the expressmen returned, and "Paquet, a lad who came in with Marineau, being weakly & unwell, I have kept here for the present."
Pierre Roi was a French Canadian who came from Sorel, Quebec, and entered the service in 1840. He came directly to New Caledonia; he was probably one of the men who helped construct the Fort Alexandria mill because he later was miller at Fort Colvile. He is first mentioned in the Fort Alexandria journals in March 1846, when Anderson says, "Pierre Roi & Lacourse have remained here -- the latter not being under engagement, the former having taken the place of Camille Lonctane. He has a promise to winter at Alex'r; I have been glad to secure him, as he is a handy man."
In July 1846, "Gendron, Vautrin & Roi employed about the new house &c Linneard laid up with a painful whitlow." In Oct. 1847 "Roi with the women of the Fort has taken up the turnips & carrots. Linneard at the potatoes will, I think, finish Monday if fine." In Nov. 1847, Anderson notes that "Roi being laid up with a strain, as he says, by falling under a piece of wood, we have a hard matter to warm ourselves, to the neglect of other necessary work."
Michel and Camille Lonctane could easily have been Metis children of Andre Lonctain, who worked for the Pacific fur Company and North West company on the west coast before 1819, and who trapped in the Snake River district 1826-7. In Oct. 1845 Anderson noted that, "Pere Nobili, Rene, Laferte, Ignace, Lenniard, Wentrel & Camille Lonctain is come by the boat" from Fort St. James. A few days later, "Liard & Camille off to the lakes to cut hay for use until the train road be open to hay from Stonia." In Nov. 1845, "Evening Michel Lonctane arrived for this post -- he brings a letter from S. Lake -- all well there." Posts which were short of winter provisions often sent men to Fort Alexandria to be fed over the winter. In Feb. 1848, "Michel Lonctane's former wife died today in the vicinity of the fort. I have told Rene to make a coffin. The little girl is in her father's charge & will be taken down this spring."
Charles Touin was a French Canadian who entered the service in 1833 and came to the Columbia district. By 1837 he was in New Caledonia and he worked for the HBC in the Columbia and New Caledonia until 1858. In June 1845 Anderson wrote, "Touin continued grinding at mill." In Jan. 1848 "Last night Touin's little boy, who has been suffereing for some time under the effects of an attack of the measles, died. This the only fatal case that has yet happened in the fort." In March 1848, "Touin is sent down to take Fallardeau's place -- having strict injunctions to watch the horses close & not suffer them to stray downwards. Pierre Roi continues at his ploughs -- the others variously." In April 1848 Touin looked for a Native horse thief. Anderson writes, "Lapierre & Touin arrived. They do not succeed in finding the scamp they are in search of, who managed to conceal his track upon the frozen ground and morning crust. They went a long distance and seem to have done their work zealously, though without success."
Jean-Baptiste Vautrin was a French Canadian who came from Ft. Edouard [?] and entered the service in 1833, coming to the Columbia. He spent 1837-1851 in the New Caledonia district, and in January 1845, "Vautrin arrived yest'y from Thleuz-cuz with the accs. of that post, his 9th day thence." Vautrin accompanied Anderson on his first expedition across the country between Kamloops and Fort Langley. In December 1842, Anderson wrote in his journal that "Men employed at house, carting and two (Dubois & Vautrin) being sawing...." In Oct. 1846, "Vautrin (who has been sick during the greater part of the week) commenced yesterday the care of a coal furnace previously built & fired by Gendron." In November, "Yesterday evening the wife of J. Bte. Vautrin (a daughter of Lolo's) was taken ill, and shortly after gave birth to a still born child. She afterwards fell into a state of exhaustion, and I was applied to for assistance." The woman died. In Dec. Anderson "was under the disagreeable necessity of chastising one of the servants under my command ---having occasion to reprimand J. Bte Vautrin for disrespectful language, which I did quietly in my sitting room, the man replied in so improper a manner that I was compelled to strike him a number of blows, in order to maintain that authority without the possession of which one's efficiency in this country is more than doubtful." In March 1847 Anderson wrote, "Today Pere Nobili set out for Kamloops, accompanied by his man & Bapte. Lolo, together with Vautrin. The last, whose time was expired & who was on his way out, had my sanction to make an arrangement to accompany Mr. Nobili till the spring, when he will be disposable for the summer brigade &c. He has therefore renewed his agreement with HBC for another year. His wages during the interval of his serving P. Nobili will be settled in the a/c of the latter at Vancouver." In March 1848, "Pierre Roi & Vautrin employed making ploughs &c. Linneard repairing harrows &c in preparation for sowing time." I believe Vautrin retired to Victoria and would have been one of the voyageurs who paddled Lady Franklin up the waters of the Gorge in March 1861.
There were other men listed that I have not been able to find in HBC or Metis records.
In July 1843, "Quebec and Gendron arranged (or I should rather say made) three cradles, which I intend to employ for harvesting our grain." Quebec may have been a nickname for another man, but he often appears in these journals in 1842.
"Allard" may have been a Metis descendent of the St. Bonfiace Allards. In June 1845 Anderson noted that "Allard, who accompanied Mr. Porteous hither, is very ill." He must have returned to Ft. George, because in Nov. 1845 Anderson writes that "Allard & an Ind. from F. George are likewise come wt horses for a supply of seed wheat &c." In Nov. 1846 "Allard arrived from Ft. George on horseback. Mr. Maxwell has sent him down to meet the express and likewise to get some medical assistance from me, as he is unwell. But I am afraid I can do little to benefit him...his disorder seems to be a violent chronic rheumatism."
It appears sometimes that Charles Onarese was an Iroquois employee; he does not often appear in the journals. In March 1848, "Men variously employed about the duties of this place, except Onarere, who continues lame."
Michel Cola -- In January 1843, "Michel Cola. & Trudelle began building a necessary."
Dubois -- When Anderson arrived at Fort Alexandria in 1842, the journal read, "Dubois & LeFevre squaring timber.." He is not mentioned afterwards and must have left the fort.
Ignace was another deserter from the brigade, but I do not have his surname. He occasionally appears in the journals, and in Nov. 1845 "This morning about 4am. Ignace [Kananhurat's] wife expired, having been ill for some time past." In Sept. 1846, "it was intimated to me that two men, Ignace [Yarintrimarat?] & William Davis, deserters from the brigade, were arrived. Immediately got up & having seized the men, had them tied. Upon entreaty, however .. I liberated them & they are to proceed to S. Lake. Accordingly they set out this morning." But Ignace returned to Fort Alexandria "having a badly crushed foot that prevents his walking well..I am sick & weary of these deserters & all the anxiety & trouble they occasion." In March 1847 "Fallardeau, Crete & Ignace set out for Stuarts Lake to assist in bringing down the boats. The last was reengaged by me yesterday for 2 yrs. as boute -- having a promise to winter either at Alexr. or Colvile, at the option of the Concern."
Joseph Lebrun is not mentioned until October 1846, when Anderson's journals says, "Evening Joseph Lebrun with 6 Indians in 3 canoes arrived from Fort George, to my great surprise. They are come down expecting to return loaded with grain & wheat -- an extraordinary expectation when it is known that our harvest has failed, and that I had furnished the whole quota of 50 barrel, which I had engaged to supply for the upper parts. However, since these poor people have been referred to me for flour, they shall not be disappointed; but the grain must first be thrashed & ground...I'm out of humour at these irregularities, and so must stop." Lebrun was a Fort George man.
Pierre LeFevre -- When Anderson arrived at Fort Alexandria in 1842, the journal read, "Dubois & LeFevre squaring timber." Later, "LeFevre mortising posts, etc."
"Lenniard, LeFevre, Theriouac & Indian plowing." Lefevre retired in March 1845 and probably returned to Quebec.
Lefleche, who occasionally appears in these journals, might have been a Native man. "Dispatch M. Ogden, Montigny, E. Lolo & Lafleche (the last as guide) to the barrier on Chilcotin River, to trade salmon."
Michel Kavonoss/Karnasse -- From the journals, "Michel Karnasse cut his knee & is disabled."
Lambert -- in March 1845 Anderson wrote, "Lambert, one of the Ft. G. men who came down with Mr. Porteous, will remain here till spring, his services not being required at F. George where provisions are scarce."
Jacques Muriscott/Mariscatte/Mariscat might be Morrissette, a large Metis family. On December 25th 1842, "sent 3 ft. Tabo by Jack Muriscotte (who came for his rations) to Columetra, with a message to encourage the Inds. to trap small furs. The horses Jack reports to be doing well." In winter 1842, Jacques worked at the Horse Guard near Williams Lake, but shortly thereafter Anderson wrote, "Mr. Tod informed me that a good many of our horses are scattered in the vicinity of the Carrot &c and that some have been brought to Kamloops. These horses ... were lost prior to my arrival, Mariscatte having been alone down at the guard & apparently having neglected them. Since Thomas has been there I have every reason to be satisfied with their care of the horses..."
Rene Talanalong or Old Rene might be a Kanaka or Hawaiian man. In May 1843, Anderson wrote, "Late yesterday evening Rene Talanalong [hasted] for the canoe, it appears that he had been thrown from his [horse] while endeavouring to overtake a pack horse which had taken fright and having laid for some time senseless he made the best of his way to the fort being unable to follow the brigade." In May 1844, "the wife of Rene Salahoamy was released from her protracted sufferings," leaving a boy of 8 or 9 years of age. In March 1845, "Rene has no task assigned him; but does what he finds convenient." In April 1847 Anderson writes that "Baptiste Lapierre & Rene have made 11 packs."
Trudelle -- On Monday November 21st, 1842, "Trudelle lost the day looking for a horse." On December 19th, 1842, "Trudelle arranged Mr. Demers' chimney."
Thomas was at Fort Alexandria in 1842 -- Saturday, December 17, 1842, "Thomas, who came here with Marineau for his rations -- sought his horses, but did not succeed in finding them." On Monday Dec. 19th, "Thomas went off to horse guard."
Wentrell -- Wentrell came into New Caledonia with Anderson in early winter 1842, as the journal notes: "Today Lefevre & Wentrel (a lad who accompanied me hither) hauling pickets, with 5 horses." Later in June 1843, "Jack and Wentrel set out today for Okinagan with sundry horses as per list." He remains however in the district, because Anderson wrote in Nov. 1845 that "Wentrel is by no means a trustworthy character." A day later he "started Ignace & Wentrel to return in quest of the lost property."
For the most part these are the men who are mentioned in Anderson's Fort Alexandria journals. Through Anderson's notes you can see the employee's lives, the work they had to do and the difficulties they had to overcome. Each man had his own skills, and some appear to have been very skilled in various work -- others unreliable at best. If you can complete some of these stories I would appreciate hearing from you.
4 comments:
I'm very interested in 'Allard' and believe him to be Joseph, an ancestor of mine. I am especially interested in your assumption that he may have come from the St Boniface Allards. If you are interested I can tell you more about this man.ReplyDelete
I did just assume that because I was unable to find him in the biographical sheets on the Hudson's Bay Company website. I know now that many men do not appear in those sheets, and are in fact French-Canadian or sometimes Scottish. Thanks, Alana, for your updates. The same is true of Lenniard, who turned out to be John Leonard, born in Scotland.ReplyDelete
My favorite man amongst this whole bunch was Marineau, and I know nothing about him. I found him later in the Fort Victoria journals, working under Paul Fraser at Kamloops. Fraser did not like him, but James Douglas wrote that Marineau was a good and reliable employee of the fur trade.ReplyDelete
I was incorrect in my posting about Jean Baptiste Lennard/Lenniard/Linneard -- Descendents believe that he was not French Canadian but a Scotsman who came to Canada and joined the fur trade in Montreal (looking for adventure?). They have found his birth registration in the Scottish records and have, I believe, added to his family. Moreover, I have been unable to find his birth records in the Drouin records, admittedly in a quick search.ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Photographer's Note
As promised, here is a full scale view of the web.
This artwork presented itself only a few days ago, and it has the entire city talking about it.
Its hung with wires or ropes that are attached to buildings nearby, and the colors are from lights on the ground pointing up at it.
The colors often shift, move, and sometimes change or disapppear entirely. I purposely wanted to photograph this at night during the black hour to make the colors pop even more. As with my previous post, i promise the colors are not saturated.
I really like how the web is translucent, and we can see the whole in the middle. I'll post a WS photo to show what I mean.
thanks for looking
Critiques | Translate
carlo62 (81237) 2014-03-17 23:32
Ciao Craig
una fantastica ragnatela multicolore, in una notturna di eccellente fattura.
Bellissima esposizione e molta attenzione alla composizione, il risultato � meraviglioso.
emka (146999) 2014-03-17 23:36
Hi Criag,
Another photo of this 228 meters of colourful web (I use only SI units :). I can imagine that all want to see this unusual piece of art. It looks a bit similar like big soap bubble with its rainbow colours, but is so huge. How fun that it is tranlucent. I hope to see more photos of it.
WArm regards MAlgo
jjcordier (79299) 2014-03-17 23:41
Excellente photo de cette �tonnante installation color�e avec son environnement nocturne en arri�re plan. Les WS sont de belle qualit� �galement.
jemaflor (130850) 2014-03-18 0:22
Hi Craig,
Very well managed, great result with these coloured lights in the nights,well taken with these buildings in the Bg, tfs.
Subhogen (4067) 2014-03-18 1:02
Hello Craig,
What a beautiful piece of art. Unique imagination and innovation to present such an eye-catching piece of decoration. It looks like a huge rainbow coloured flower.
Fantastic night shot enhancing all the colours on the web. Truly unique, never seen anything like this before. Thanks for sharing.
kasianowak (14872) 2014-03-18 1:38
Hi Craig
Fabulous image, a symphony of lights and colours. You are right, the black hour was the best time to photograph it to achieve this colour rendition.
Best wishes
dip (23892) 2014-03-18 2:28
Hi Craig,
a really worth seeing artwork!
it looks very amazing against the black sky,
very well captured,
Kamilutka (8107) 2014-03-18 2:37
Hello Craig,
what a lovely colorful picture! I love this decorative motiv a lot! It would be nice to see it in person especially how it changes. Must have been amazing experience.
The lit buildings provide very nice background for it and go with the character of the picture.
Nicely composed and taken from good POV!
Thanks for sharing
Royaldevon (69603) 2014-03-18 3:09
Hello Craig,
Isn't it amazing that someone has the idea to erect a piece of art like this, to inspire and excite the public. It will, of course, bring people into the city and that is probably its ultimate reason.
It is certainly eye-catching.
It will cause many ooos and ahhhs as it changes colours.
I enjoyed your previous close-up shot.
This, now, explains how it relates to the city.
I love how even the wire attachments have colours!
It shows up well against the dark sky, whilst the other artificial lights help to create quite a festive mood.
Have a great day,
Bev :-)
snunney (130967) 2014-03-18 3:17
Hello Craig,
The web takes on a diaphanous effect here and looks superb set against the dark night sky. Ideally exposed image with very good colours and sharpness.
holmertz (88593) 2014-03-18 3:33
Hello Craig,
This is really a fascinating work of art and a very good photo that includes a lot of the surroundings, giving us a bettter idea of size and setting. To me this looks like a giant jelly-fish floating in the air. A great idea,
Kind regards,
timecapturer (49288) 2014-03-18 3:37
Hi Craig
a natural follow up shot of this amazing art piece. This gives us a real idea of its size and originality. It is a fascinating view and this POV captures the setting, scale and beauty of it at night perfectly.
Regards - B.
Sergiom (117241) 2014-03-18 5:30
Bonjour Craig,
Comme j'avais appr�ci� de voir cette toile multicolore la premi�re fois,j'aime maintenant l'appr�cier dans son environnement urbain nocturne. Une joie pour les photographes qui poss�dent une lentille semblable.
eldancer1 (36343) 2014-03-18 10:46
Wow! Love the colors of this web! Awesome capture and timed exposure, also nice catch of some of the people that are standing still. Very well done, tfs.
The High Roller is just off Las Vegas Blvd. between The Quad and Flamingo Casino. Supposed to open late March or early April.
mesutilgim (0) 2014-03-18 14:06
Hello Craig,
This one is also great ! Very well seen and captured. Perfect light management.
TFS and best regards
difficult nocturne shot perfectly executed
amazing artwork with wires or ropes that are
attached to buildings nearby
a real beautiful piece of art
lousat (125975) 2014-03-18 14:23
Hi Criag,it's always nice to watch something of different,and this is absolutely great! A fest of colors in a surrounding effect made by the buildings ,very bright details and perfect exposure to have the best effects.Always a step ahead your gallery! Have a nice evening and thanks,Luciano
jcpix (14030) 2014-03-18 16:44
Hi Craig,
I can hear the "oooh's" and "ahhhh's" all the way here in Phoenix...too bad these pictures don't come with sound. :)
Just the rainbow web alone is fascinating, but prop it in front of the night time skyline and the offsetting artificial lights and you have yourself a real "wow" factor! The WS pics are just as cool too.
Anything that makes a public space more endearing to the citizens and livens up the atmosphere is a good thing, and someone sure came up with a smooth one here. Glad you noted the transparent nature of this piece, I really like being able to make out the buildings through the colorful display. Psychedelic...this would have worked even better in the 60's! lol
Thanks for spending some time downtown to bring us these shots, very impressive work from artist and photog! Enjoy the rest of the evening. Take care.
Cheers from Az.,
pajaran (97817) 2014-03-18 22:24
Dobar tekst,lep pogled i trenutak ...
Dobar trenutak snimka, ostrina i kontrast, lepo pokazao mesto i trenutak, lepe boje.
Dobar rad i kompozicija sa lepim fotografijama u galeriji, lepa igra boja.
Sve najbolje.
Good lyrics, nice view and a moment ...
Good time recording, sharpness and contrast, showed good place and moment, beautiful colors.
Good work and composition with beautiful photographs in the gallery, a beautiful play of colors.
All the best.
krzychu30 (15512) 2014-03-19 1:09
Hi Craig,
Love this!
There is everything I like about photography-modern skyscrapes,the illuminated artwork making here so nice "abstract" character of the scene and...night-the only time,where the city shows its real beauty,am I right?:)
PS.the WS picture and its perspective and angle are brilliant!!!
Have a nice day
Fis2 (149916) 2014-03-19 1:14
Witaj Craig!
Good night photo.
Good frame and composition.
Interesting installation street.
Excellent light effect.
Well done.
Best regards
mkamionka (56721) 2014-03-19 9:46
Hi Craig,
a very surprising piece of art. And beautiful at the same time. I like such surprises. You have obviously picked the best time to capture it with the effect of colorful lights emphasized very well here. It seems surreal. I like it very much!
i9l2y1m8a8t3 (4814) 2014-03-21 2:20
I just love Vancouver. Art, City scape and nature all in one place. I just like it that they install new art like what? Once a year? Anyway, this art is simply stunning and very ingenious I just wonder what does this mean or is ther a significant background why the artist had this idea? It seemed like a web to me, a highly artistic and eye captivating web. Great shot Craig!
Best regards,
ChrisJ (156575) 2014-03-22 8:04
Hi Criag
A colorful and gigantic web, and the wide angled lens distortion has been well managed. The silhouetted people add scale and good to have placed the vertical centrally. Excellent nocturnal shot with a fish eye view. Have a nice weekend!
Hey Craig,
Your last shot of this, the closeup, had fantastic detail in a vacuum, and had a really great abstract feel to it, but I like this alternate look too, showing the art in its habitat - almost like the pedestrians below are about to be attacked by a glowing, rainbow donut! Really cool effect, and perfectly recorded. Wish I could see this in person!
RhodieIke (11752) 2014-03-23 13:49
Hi Craig,
This giant spiders web all in fine colours is fantastic,your Pov, is super, well managed.
It has made this square come alive with vibrant colours.
Great one, well done.
Cheers, Iain
kwekwekan (1078) 2014-03-23 18:31
Hi again Craig,
What a neat piece of art. I had not heard about it before, so I am glad you have presented it here. You have situated well in its surroundings, though it is so abstract that I am sure each angle reveals something more of the work. The dark night sky was certainly the right choice for this one - well done!
delpeoples (60326) 2014-03-25 18:38
Hey nice bokeh! Love the wide angle of this which shows not just the web but also the beautiful city skyline. You illuminated it superbly, it's nice and sharp and I think the way you composed it is spot-on. I agree, the fa that you can see through the vortex is pretty special. You must have felt like a kid in a lolly shop in this place!
Sorry for the short critique
Yours in Man-blading
Hiya Craig
Well done with your wide angle, the colors are absolutly wonderfull.
Best regards
Photo Information
- Copyright: craig macintosh (macjake) (95219)
- Genre: �a��
- Medium: �m��
- Date Taken: 2014-03-14
- Categories: ���N
- Camera: Pentax K7, SIGMA 8-16mm
- Exposure�Gf/8, 8 seconds
- Details�GTripod�GYes
- More Photo Info: view
- Photo Version�GOriginal Version, Workshop
- Date Submitted: 2014-03-17 23:20


text:
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Academic advisors are available to help you select courses and identify UCC program majors, and provide Oregon University System (OUS) transfer information and assist you with developing educational or transfer plan.
If you are a newly admitted student, you are required to complete the Student Orientation prior to registering for class
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text:
Rob Gronkowski exploded on the scene after having an incredible season for the New England Patriots.
But Gronk isn't just known for his work on the football field, he's also a SERIOUS partier, and he does not try to hide it at all.
But that didn't seem to hurt him. Gronk just signed a new contract today worth $54 million over six years, making him the highest paid tight end in NFL history, according to Adam Schefter.
Let's take a look at what Gronk has done on the social scene the past few months. Keep on keepin on, Gronk:
Hung out with porn star Bibi Jones:
He tried speaking some of the worst Spanish we've ever heard:
After the Pats lost the Super Bowl, he danced his little heart out to LMFAO:
He wore these pants. And tweeted a picture of himself in them:
He partied and posed with a bunch of girls in Aruba who may or may not have been 16:
He continued his partying, funneling beers with a bunch of college kids:
Apparently, none of this has hurt Gronk. Get ready to get GRONKED again next season, NFL.


text:
- Learn
- Care
- Discover
- Work
- About The School
- Our Community
Photo: Christian Burke
By Jill Hagey, MS1
When I was comparing medical schools, I assumed that most medical school curricula would be basically the same, given the set amount of knowledge that everyone needs to gain during their four years. My decision to come to UCSF was based more on UCSF's ability to innovate across many dimensions – it attracts dedicated physicians, researchers, and students who value new ideas and new ways to provide health to patients in the San Francisco community and beyond.
When I arrived on my first day of class, I was ready to learn a set of skills that would enable me to be a clinician, but I wasn't prepared for the innovations around HOW that learning was going to take place. It was apparent from our first day of class just how much UCSF cares about medical education. Our lecturers aren't just prominent researchers in their area of medicine, but many have also gained national recognition for their research on medical education. The curriculum is a never-ending work in progress – we're trying a new series of "selectives" this year that help students to understand health systems at various clinics around San Francisco, from the Family Health Center at San Francisco General Hospital to the Cardiology Clinic at UCSF's Mission Bay campus.
Enter the Bridges curriculum. This past year, UCSF was one of 11 medical schools selected by the American Medical Association for a $1 million grant to completely overhaul their curriculum and ask challenging questions about HOW medical students are best trained. In discussions over the past months, the Bridges curriculum has begun to be formed on the idea of the "21st century physician" – not an autonomous physician who works alone, but rather a collaboratively expert physician who can work with a team to improve the health of patients and populations. With that, the outlook of the school has been changing from simply training medical students to integrating medical students into the full health system, so they will be able to make a more effective difference in patients' lives. With the broken health care system that we're inheriting, we need skills in quality improvement, systems-based practice and interprofessional education to truly provide the best health to our patients.
While the Bridges curriculum won't be fully implemented until 2015, we're already starting to see the changes in UCSF's teaching model. We have the advantage of learning from many different teaching styles – not just engaging in lectures and small groups, but using our simulation center, working with standardized patients, engaging in problem-based learning cases, and integrating into different health systems.
In our clerkship years, we'll have the option to do traditional rotations, but we also have a variety of longitudinal programs like VALOR and MODEL that allow students to spend 6 months to a year at San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF's Moffitt-Long Hospital, the VA or Kaiser Permanente – a fantastic opportunity for long-term integration into a specific health system. UCSF allows students to have the flexibility to pursue whatever path works best for them to achieve their goals, such as through the Program in Medical Education for the Urban Underserved (PRIME-US), the Joint Medical Program, the MSTP MD/PhD program, and the Pathways to Discovery programs. Along with the flexibility to follow our passions, UCSF ensures that the resources, mentorship, and career paths are available to help us achieve our goals.
Not only are these changes occurring, but students are intimately involved in what changes are happening and how they are happening. Many of us are involved in pilot programs that may turn into new curriculum pieces in Bridges, and students sit on various committees alongside the deans and faculty members charged with putting together this new innovative curriculum. As the school figures out exactly how to train this "21st century physician," we are a part of the process – figuring out how different projects can be scaled up for 150 incoming students, giving our feedback from our health system learning experience, and talking about how we can get the most out of our four years of training at UCSF.
Because of these conversations, I have a much greater appreciation for the amount of work that goes into each distinct piece of our medical education. And I know that if I'm going to learn how to be a physician in this changing health care environment, and if I'm going to make a the greatest difference to my patients, there isn't a better place that I could be than UCSF.
This article appeared originally on the student-created "Class of 2018" admissions blog


text:
January 28, 2009
Dear fellow members of
the Columbia community,
I write because we are now entering the
University's season for preparing next year's operating budgets, and it is
therefore an appropriate time to provide an update on the economic environment
we face and the context in which next year's budgets will be crafted.
We are all aware that the global capital markets
and the nation's economy continue to experience significant problems, with
resulting financial challenges for businesses, governments and universities
across the country. At Columbia,
it is difficult to give a general picture of the impact of the current
conditions because each of our schools and administrative units has a different
set of revenue sources and expenses. This fiscal diversity means that our
schools must identify their own ways of achieving a sound financial
equilibrium. To the extent I can, however, I want to offer some general observations
and specific information about our university-wide experience and the future we
will face together.
In the last six months, Columbia has maintained its impressive
momentum as one of the world's great research universities. Across our schools,
applications for admissions for the coming year are extremely strong,
reflecting the competitiveness of both our undergraduate and graduate programs.
Our physicians remain the doctors of choice for patients who need the best
health care, and patient care revenues have grown significantly in the first
half of this year. Columbia's
research community is competing successfully for grants even in a time of a
decline in real federal funding. Sponsored research has substantially outpaced the
prior year's performance for the same period. The bonds with our alumni and
friends have never been stronger, nor has their generosity been greater. For
the first six months of this fiscal year, gifts and pledges exceed last year's
record pace, and The Columbia Campaign passed the $3 billion milestone -- ahead of
Yet encouraging as all this is, it tells only
part of the story. The nation, New
York State
and the City are all confronting serious financial challenges, and the
consensus is that matters will not improve in the short term. We must,
therefore, plan with the assumption that the rapid pace of gifts to the University
may slow and that the financial health of our students and their families may
necessitate an increase in financial support from Columbia. Columbia's greatness is built on our
tradition of attracting remarkable students regardless of their financial
situation, a commitment that is unqualified.
Furthermore, Columbia's endowment, like most investment
portfolios, has declined, although we believe that we have fared reasonably
well under extremely difficult market conditions. For a variety of reasons,
October 31st has become a date when some other universities have offered
reports on their investment performance. Our performance in that period was a
decline of 11.8%. Using the most current information available, and in the
normal form of tracking investment performance, during the six-month period
ending December 31st, the total return of the University's investment portfolio
declined by approximately 15%. Given the volatility of capital markets, one
cannot accurately project what will unfold in the spring.
It is important to recognize that although
certain parts of the University (such as the central administration) are
significantly dependent on endowment for operating revenue -- and will therefore
have to meaningfully constrain spending -- the University as a whole counts on
its endowment for only 13% of operating budget. Our relatively small collective
dependence on endowment means that the current market downturn hurts less than
it does for some of our peers. But let there be no doubt, we still have to face
hard choices in the months ahead. To facilitate a smooth transition to these
new financial realities, we are asking all budget units to model an 8% decline
in endowment funds available for operations next year. Hopefully, by accepting
and planning for this new reality, we will be in a position to move forward in
Let me conclude by saying that we enter this new
environment after a strong period of rapid growth in both resources and
enhancement of our academic mission. Without doubt, the global economic scene is
forcing us to pull back in our personal and professional lives. I am completely
confident, however, that by addressing our challenges in a forthright manner
and by focusing our resources on sustaining the core of our intellectual life
we will emerge even stronger in the years to come.
Lee C. Bollinger


text:
Behold the Pertamina Energy Tower, a U.S.-designed building that's slated for construction in Jakarta, Indonesia. Reaching a height of a half-kilometer, the tower will harvest its own wind energy through an opening at its peak.
Once completed in 2020, the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill-designed building will be twice as high as Wisma 46, the tallest building currently in Indonesia. The completed tower will feature a "wind funnel" at the top that generates energy from prevailing air currents.
In addition, the tower will have a shape and orientation that's perfectly calibrated to Jakarta's proximity to the equator — a curved facade that will mitigate heat gain throughout the year.
The 99-story Pertamina Tower will accommodate 20,000 employees. Described as a "city within a city," the building will host a 2,000-seat auditorium, a mosque, and a central energy plant.
[ h/t dezeen | Images: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill SOM ]
Related: The invisible tower | Shanghai's changing cityscape


text:
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Sales: (210) 732-7121
This 2019 BMW X3 is being offered for sale by BMW of San Antonio and was used as a Service Loan Car. This is being offered at a savings from "brand new" and is eligible for special new car programs such as leasing and incentivized interest rates. Contact a BMW Client Advisor today for details!
BMW of San Antonio is the largest BMW Dealer in Texas and is the only winner of the prestigious BMW Center of Excellence that last 4 out of 5 years (2015, 2016, 2017, 2019). BMW of San Antonio is a proud member of the Principle Auto Family.
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BMW Assist eCall
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ConnectedDrive Services
Advanced RTTI
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Apple CarPlay Compatibility
Anthracite headliner
Oil Chg 10,000 mls/12 months
Daytime driving lights
Transport protection
Tier 2


text:
Well, linos happened. And workshops happened. And contracts happened.
And books happened.
Drawing Lab for Mixed Media Artists" by my friend Carla Sonheim. Carla and her family lived here in Salida for several years, but are now enjoying the big city life in Seattle. Before they left, Carla honored me by asking if I would contribute to a book project she had in progress! I happily agreed to do an "assignment" for the book, which later expanded to a couple of the book's 52 fun exercises.
"Drawing Lab" was released at the beginning of July, and Carla has been hosting a book party all month at her blog, Snowball Journals. Book contributors like me were invited to join in, and Carla has graciously offered to give a copy of "Drawing Lab" away to one of Brush and Baren's readers! How cool is that? (Oh, you guys are getting so SPOILED!)
So here we go again! Leave a comment on this post between now and this Thursday, July 29. I'll pick a random winner on Friday and put that person in touch with Carla for book delivery.
|I dunno why, but seeing a photo of a stack of my sketchbooks makes me really happy.


text:
South Point�s baseball team has lost a second college signee due to an elbow injury.
Senior outfielder Mitchell Painter will undergo season-ending Tommy John surgery on April 12, head coach Jason Lineberger said Thursday.
�He did it taking infield before a game. It just snapped in one throw,� Lineberger said. �He�s never had an arm problem. He�s never had any types of injuries.�
The injury happened at the March 20 game against Clover. Painter played the entire game, not realizing how the severity of the injury. On Tuesday, an MRI revealed a torn ulnar collateral ligament, and his doctor informed him surgery would be necessary. The surgery will require a recovery of 9-12 months, Lineberger said.
Painter signed with North Greenville in the offseason. He joins pitcher Justin Pace, a Winthrop signee, as South Point players to require Tommy John surgery this season.
South Point is off to a 10-0 start and was ranked No. 1 in the most recent Impact Baseball 3A state poll.
Phillip Gardner: 704-869-1843; twitter.com/gazettephil


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Stamping Parts, Welding Products, Machining Parts manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Steel Bracket, Customized Trolley Stainless Steel Shelf Bracket with Wheel, CNC Stamping Power Case Steel Cabinet Distribution Box and so on.


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Jack & Jill for Solo Acoustic Guitar
Here's how learn to play Jack & Jill on the solo acoustic guitar, using classical fingerstyle, in 4 steps:
[ To see in greater detail what the left and right hands are doing, watch this video in HD on YouTube. ]
Want more? Get the whole Nursery Rhymes course and learn to play it on the acoustic guitar, classic fingerstyle


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In Glover: Fire destroys 123-year-old house
by Tena Starr
copyright the Chronicle 1-30-2013
GLOVER — State Police investigators say the fire that destroyed the 123-year-old house at Green Mountain Fence here early Saturday morning was not suspicious, but what started it remains a mystery.
"They have no idea," said owner Doug Conley, who lives in Glover a few miles from the mill. He said he got a call shortly after 4 a.m. saying the house was on fire.
"When you get a call like that the first thing you think is maybe it isn't that bad." But he said he could tell when he looked out the window that it was. "The sky was already orange," he said. "When I got there a third of the roof had a hole through it."
The mill itself did not burn, and Mr. Conley said the fire department went through heroic efforts to save his logging truck, which was parked near the house.
"I can't say enough about these guys who fight these fires," he said. "It was ten below zero. My log truck, they stayed on that truck for about an hour, and it's still intact. There's no way I'd put my life on the line for a log truck."
Power lines had fallen and electricity was dancing over the roof, Mr. Conley said. "It was a bad scene. Those guys did a great job. By the time they got there that thing was already so hot. I'm just thankful no one got hurt."
Mr. Conley and his sister Donna Perron bought the sawmill at a foreclosure auction in October. Howard Conley, their father, started the mill in 1946. He operated it for about 50 years before retiring in the mid-1990s. The business has only briefly been out of Conley family hands. The house itself predates the mill. It was built in 1890.
The house had been renovated and Mr. Conley had three tenants lined up. Donna Daniels had planned to move into one of the apartments on Saturday morning, the day of the fire. Her belongings were already packed into a U-Haul and ready to go.
Another prospective tenant is a teacher at Barton Graded School who lives in Walden and had hoped to move closer to her workplace in February, Ms. Perron said.
The third was Amanda Aiken, who had already moved much of the inventory for her candle business, Strictly Vermont Candle, into the office part of the building, Mr. Conley said. That included wax and scent, he said. "She must have had 50 or 60 buckets of oil scent. You could tell when that caught fire. It was hot."
Ms. Perron claims responsibility for the fact that she talked her brother into buying the business last fall.
"I kept saying, god, I just don't want it to not be in the family. I went there a couple of days before the auction and looked at the foreclosure sign thinking do we keep it or let it go? I called Doug and said I want to buy it. That's how we got the mill back, an impulse, a sentimental thing."
Glover Fire Chief Allen Mathews said the call came in at 4:14 a.m. By the time firemen arrived at the house on Route 16, flames were already coming through the old, gable end, he said.
"What caused it I don't know," Mr. Mathews said. "I don't think anybody will ever know." He said it looked to him like the fire had started up high in the old section of the building rather than the newer office area.
Fires are not uncommon in frigid weather when wood stoves can run too hot. But in this case, no one was living in the building, and the heat was set at 58 degrees, Mr. Conley said. "It was all baseboard hot water, not wood."
The house was old, and the fire was hot, Mr. Mathews said. Glover, Barton, Orleans and Irasburg fire departments responded and worked well into Saturday morning. Mr. Matthews said he does not know who called in the fire.
He said he would have been less surprised if the mill had burned rather than the house. It was a shock, he said.
It was a rough night to fight a fire with temperatures well below zero. A couple of trucks froze up but were able to stay in service, Mr. Mathews said.
"The biggest thing is to try to keep the water supply. Once the water stops, things start getting hairy." Also, there were power lines down in the road "which didn't help us out any," he said.
Ms. Perron said the oil and propane tanks had been filled that day to get ready for tenants moving in.
It's not likely the house will be rebuilt, she said. "Maybe they'll put something really small there. It's too soon to know."
"The reason I wanted to buy it was because of memories in the old house," she said. "I remember my dad sitting there in the office with his big cigar in the chair that used to rock backwards. Growing up, me and my friends used to go in the office at night and pretend we were secretaries. There was this beautiful wide stairway that led to the upstairs bedrooms, and we'd slide on it and pretend it was a horse. We had no personal belongings there, but we had a lot of childhood memories."
She said she posted some of her memories on Facebook and was immediately deluged with hits from other people who remembered her father, or bringing wood to the mill.
"I was born in that house," Mr. Conley said. "There's a lot of fond memories. There's no replacing that."
He said that when he was working on the house recently he found some of the wood in the building stamped C.P. Bean. "I believe they had the first sawmill in town, he said.
The entire house, even the attic, had been rewired in the past five or six years, Mr. Conley said. "It kind of makes you wonder what to hell went wrong. Like the fire marshal said, rats, mice, squirrels…. The office part was a brand new building."
Detective Sergeant David Sutton of the State Police Fire Investigation Unit and an investigator from the Vermont Division of Fire Safety investigated the fire, which they ruled unsuspicious. However, anyone with information is asked to call Detective Sergeant Sutton at (802) 773-9101.
contact Tena Starr at [email protected]


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Book of Mormon hailed by critics
Get your Book of Mormon discount tickets because this musical has been hailed by numerous critics and for this very reason it has pushed tourists to come see it. It came from the creators of South Park and Avenue Q. Women's Lifestyle magazine, Vogue, even called it the best musical of all time while The New York Times called it the best musical of the entire century which means it is going to be a couple of lifetimes before anybody comes close to topping the Book of Mormon. These rave reviews has catapulted and cemented its name among the greatest of musicals of all time.
With energetic performances by cast members who excel at what they do, you can't blame them for saying that. The dance choreographer is Casey Nicholaw who happens to also be one of the directors of the stage play. The wonderful designs of the costume can be owed to Ann Roth as she is the costume designer. One must say here that she has done a stupendous job in styling the actors. The wonderful sound being heard throughout the entire play can be owed to Brian Ronan as he is the sound designer for Book of Mormon. He has really accentuated the experience of the play by his distinct sound designing.
The host of the Daily Show, Jon Stewart, even said that the Book of Mormon was so good that it made him angry. The Book of Mormon follows two main characters, Elder Price and Elder Cunningham. They are missionaries who have embarked on a journey to Uganda in order to convert people there into the Mormon religion. They find out the task is easier said than done as they encounter a series of events that were not what they were looking for. They also perform song and dance numbers of some of today's biggest hits combined with Broadway songs as well. The musical has jokes that some people may not be able to relate to as it has jokes relating to poverty, sexuality and race. The parents should be aware that the play contains some profanity so they may end up covering their children's ears on several occasions.
Nevertheless, The Book of Mormon, provides an experience of a lifetime with its powerful and gripping story-line, brilliant stage performances by the lead actors, beautiful visuals and the canvas created and lastly the music, which takes it to another level altogether.


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Tip: Avoid phony 'Wi-Fi security' programs
- For consistency%2C buy iPhone%3B for customization%2C buy Android
- Facebook has rights to use your posts in advertising
- Ransomware locks you out of your computer and demands money for access
You've got tech questions, here are the answers. Kim Komando helps you make the most of your technology by answering your thorniest tech questions. So if you're wondering what to buy, how to plug it in, or how to fix it, Kim can help.
Check your Wi-Fi's security
Q. I downloaded a program that said it would help me test my Wi-Fi's security. It said my Wi-Fi was unsecure and told me to download more software. Do you think this is legit?
A. I'm betting that it isn't. Plenty of viruses and other scam software masquerade as programs that help you test your computer's security. Once you download them, they load your computer with junk and then try to convince you to buy a program to clean your computer. It doesn't usually end well. It's time for you to run a legitimate virus scan like MalwareBytes. As for actually testing how secure your computer's Internet connection is, try PortTest. It looks for open ports that hackers could use to take over your computer and helps you close them.
Choosing a smartphone
Q. I'm buying my first smartphone but I don't know whether I want an iPhone or an Android. What do you think?
A. For the average consumer, Android phones and the iPhone are almost identical in features and usability. Either will work well as long as you're not locked into specific services like iCloud or Google Calendar. My general advice is that if you like consistency, stick with the iPhone. If you want plenty of different design and customization options, go with Android. Either way, make sure you play with a couple of the models in your price range for comfort and usability. Remember, you'll probably be using this phone for two years or more, so make sure you love it.
Who owns your posts?
Q. When I post something online, do I still own it? I read something on Facebook that said I give it a license to my photos, and I don't know how I feel about that.
A. Most sites have legalese buried in their terms of service that say you give the site a "license" to use what you post. How the site can use what you post varies. Facebook and a few other sites can use your posts in advertising. Reputable sites, however, don't take ownership of something when you post it. That means you can still close your account and delete your information to stop the site from using it. A good reference tool for closing your account is AccountKiller. It tells you the steps to close accounts on common online services.
Minimum broadband speeds
Q. I'm about to sign up for Internet service in a new area. What's the minimum speed I need for streaming video?
A. It depends on how many gadgets you have connecting in your house. If you have only one or two things online at once, 7 to 10 Mbps should be fine, even for streaming video. If you've got more gadgets connecting to the Web at once, upgrading to 20 or 30 Mbps might be a better investment. However, you might still see slower speeds due to network congestion and other interferences. To make sure you always get the full speed you're paying for, or close to it, use Speedtest.
What is "ransomware?"
Q. I read a news story that said "ransomware" is on the rise. What is ransomware and how do I avoid it?
A. Ransomware is definitely on the rise and you have to watch out. It's a type of virus that locks you out of your computer and demands that you pay money to regain access. It mostly spreads through email and infected websites. That means avoiding email scams, and having security software like Avast! or Avira installed will keep you safe. If you do end up with some form of ransomware on your computer, don't pay! You can use a rescue CD or bootable anti-virus (AVG makes a popular one) to wipe the ransomware out.
Kim Komando hosts the nation's largest talk radio show about consumer electronics, computers and the Internet. To get the podcast, watch the show or find the station nearest you, visit www.komando.com. E-mail her at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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VIDEO: Suspected DUI arrest at police road block at Golf Road and New Wilke Road near shooting investigation further west on Golf Road.
Arlington Heights police arrested a suspected DUI driver about 3:30 AM Sunday at New Wilke Road and Golf Road Rolling Meadows, IL. Arlington Heights police were blocking westbound Golf Road at New Wilke Road when a driver attempted to driver his Toyota Corolla between two police cars.
A field sobriety test was administered near the Portillo's parking lot, and the driver was arrested suspected of DUI.
Police transported the driver in custody to Arlington Heights Police Department Headquarters. The driver's Toyota Corolla was towed to a police holding area.
Police were blocking westbound Golf Road while Rolling Meadows police were working to collect evidence for a shooting that occurred on Golf Road near Route 53. One young female adult was hit by a bullet in the leg, and was transported Lutheran General Hospital with non-life threatening injuries. Police were searching for weapons and bullet casings.
LIVE TRAFFIC MAP of neighborhood near New Wilke Road and Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, IL …
Get updates from The Cardinal CRIME BLOG 'Plus' on Facebook. Just 'LIKE' the 'Arlington Cardinal Crime & Forensics' Page (become a fan of our page). The updates cover all posts in the 24/7 Crime Alerts! and sub-categories. See all of The Cardinal Facebook fan pages at Arlingtoncardinal.com/about/facebook …
IMPORTANT NOTE: All persons referred to as subjects, defendants, offenders or suspects, etc. are presumed to be innocent unless and until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.
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Matthew Perry won over the country with his portrayal of "Chandler Bing" on the hit series Friends, but back then, off-screen, the actor was struggling. He spent years battling drug and alcohol addiction and in 1997 went to rehab. However, even though he overcame the addiction, his body is reeling from the effects of all the substance abuse and he was recently diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. In August, Perry had surgery to repair a gastrointestinal perforation, a life-threatening hole that forms in the stomach or intestine. He's since been keeping fans up to date, revealing that he spent three months in a hospital bed. Eventually, Matthew was able to go home, but a recent tweet has fans extremely concerned for him.
The mysterious message, his first tweet in a month, says, "I got kicked out of therapy today."
Immediately, Perry was flooded with thousands of comments from concerned fans:
When Matthew noticed the response he was getting, he followed-up with a tweet that shed a little more light on what he was going through, writing, "Easy guys, it was just one session. I'm back in therapy where I belong:)."
Hopefully Perry is getting better every day. Stay up to date with him here.
Photo: Getty Images


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Fender Eliminator Kit for 2017-2019 Kawasaki Z900
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The Nike LunarEpic Flyknit Shield Men's Running Shoe delivers the same smooth ride and second-skin fit with water-repellent Flyknit fabric and an updated traction pattern so the weather won't slow you down.
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Updated Traction
The pressure-mapped outsole features Lunarlon pods in key areas to provide targeted cushioning while an updated traction pattern helps grip wet running surfaces.
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Name : Jivdani Mata
Location :
The Goddess rests in a temple situated about 1375 steps above the ground on a hill that forms a part of the Satpura Range in Virar, a northern Mumbai suburb, about 60 km away from Mumbai.
Legend :
The name Virar comes from Eka-viraa. Just as Tunga Parvat becomes "Tunga-ar", similarly "Vira" becomes "Vira-ar".There is a huge temple of Eka-vira Devi on the banks of Vaitarna River at the foot hills of Tunga Parvat, (this is now totally broken by the continuous raids of Mohamedeans and Portuguese in last 400 years), where people used to conclude their "Shurpaaraka Yatra", as described in the Puranas and local legends. There is a huge tank here dedicated to Eka veera Devi called "Viraar Tirtha", i.e. "Eka- Viraa Tirtha". Even today, on the west banks of Viraar Tirtha, one finds a carved stone about three feet long and nine inches broad. Below that is a group of female figures of the Yoginis of Ekaveera Devi. Nearby one can find a stone with a roughly cut cow and calf (Savatsa Dhenu), a symbol of Govardhana Math which symbolizes eternity or Moksha.
Moving ahead near the foot of a knoll of rock are two cow's feet (Go-Paad) roughly cut in rock. The legendary story of Jivdani Devi is as follows: During their forest journey, Pandavas came to Shurparaka. They visited the holy temple of Vimaleshwar consecrated by Lord Parashuram and on their journey to Prabhas halted on the banks of Vaitarni river. There they worshipped the Bhagavati Ekaveera on the banks of Viraar Tirtha and seeing the serenity and lofty nature decided to carve caves in the nearby mountains. They did so on the hills nearby and installed and worshipped the Yoga Linga of Ekaveera devi in one of the caves. They called her Bhagavati Jeevadhani (That is Goddess, who is the real wealth of life). Doing so Pandavas also made a set of small caves now known as "Pandav Dongri" about a mile from Shirgaon for the hermits. Many yogis used to stay in Pandav Dongri and have darshan of Jeevdhani Devi.
After the onset of Kali Yuga, and after the advent of the Buddhist faith, the number of Vaidik Yogis lessened and slowly people forget the hillock and the devi. During times of Jagadguru Shankaracharya's advent, a Mahar or Mirashi used to stay in Viraar who used to graze the village cattle. He came to Nirmal Mandir for the darshan of Jagadguru Shankaracharya Padmanabha Swami and requested His Holiness to bless him so that he could have darshan of his beloved Kuladevata. Jagadguru was pleased with the devotion of Mahar and advised him to serve Go-Mata on the foothills of Jivadhani, and at appropriate time he would have darshan of his Goddess and attain Go-Loka. He literally for the rest of life followed the advice of Jagadguru Shankaracharya and herded the village cattle. While grazing the village cattle, he used to see a cow grazing along with, whose owner never paid him for herding her. By his virtue, he determined to find the owner of the cow. He followed the cow on the top of Jeevdhan Hill. A beautiful woman with divine features appeared. The Mahar remembered the words of Jagadguru Shankaracharya and understood that she is none other than his Kuladevi Jeevdhani, he was overjoyed and asked "Oh Mother ! I have grazed your cow, will you not pay me for her herding ?". The Devi just smiled in delight and was on the point of putting some money in the Mahar's hand, when he said "Do not touch me, I am Mahar. Give me something which cannot be spoilt by touch, words, smell, figure, and ether." Knowing this Devi asked "Lo my child, whence from you learned this unique knowledge of Varnashram Dharma and Moksha Dharma?". To this Mahar replied, "From none other than by the Grace of Jagadguru Shankaracharya". Bhagavati was pleased by this and said "By your virtue (Punya), see this cow which is none other than Kaamadhenu has taken your forefathers to higher abodes by her tail, crossing the Vaitarini". Thus saying the Mahar saw the cow lept from the hill top putting her two feet prints on hill foor and other two across Vaitarini River in heavens. Now Devi told, "I confer upon you the thing which you demanded that is Moksha."
Saying so the Mahar attained Moksha (The real Jeeva Dhana, the real wealth of Life)and the Devi was about to disappear in the cave, when a barren woman saw all this divine incident screamed "Devi Devi, Amba Amba, will you leave this barren daughter of yours without our jeevan dhan a child in my laps?". Devi was pleased by her prayers and said " Great indeed are you who saw all three of us. I henceforth bless you with a child." The lady was not satisfied by this, she said "Oh Mother of the three worlds, do not just bless me, but let all barren daughters of you who pray you be conferred with the child". Devi was pleased at this and said "See henceforth, due to the advent of Kali Yuga, in order to maintain purity of rituals, I will stay into a hole in the niche of the cave. The barren women who offer me the beetlenuts in this hole, as is offered in my original place in Mahurgad, will be rewarded with a progeny". Thus saying the Devi disappeared.
Description :
The lady spread out the incident and thus once again the Jeevdhan hill started to be visited by the pilgrims. The presently installed image is a very recent one, the original sanctum sanctorum is the hole in the niche of the cave, which is the central place of worship.
The goddess is worshipped for providing relief to the suffering and new life to the dying hence the name of the goddess - Jivdani. Many people of Vasai especially - Mangayle, Koli and Bhandhari treat Jivdani as their family goddess.
The devotees return the "Navas" or blessing / favor by sacrificing goats and chickens. They also offer gold ornaments.Devotees believe that to return to have "Navas" granted they must climb the mountain and worship the goddess but not return the same way as they climbed the mountain. So all are blessed by maa as they return from mountain.
Offerings of beetle-nuts are dropped into a hole in the niche in which the deity is believed to reside. The goddess Jivdani Mata is an avatar of Adi Shakti Devi. Jivdani Mata's temple is situated on a hill that has around 1375 steps.The 150-year-old Jivdani Temple at Virar, which attracts thousands of devotees on Sundays and during festivals, is getting a facelift. It is recognised as one of the 51 Shakthipeethas like Kanyakumari, Kamakshi and Kalimata temples.
Festivals :
During the nine days of the Navratri festival many followers visit the shrine, and devotees also tend to visit on Tuesdays and Sundays.
Websites :


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Hawaii Surfers Surfing Past 60
Silver Surfers: Meet five surf legends who, in their 60s and 70s, still hit the beach.
(page 1 of 6)
The winter surfing season has arrived, and with it crowds of fresh-faced young wave riders eager to challenge themselves in the famous Hawaiian surf. Surfing will always be a sport for the young, but it's no longer a sport only for the young. Look closely at the scene these days and you will see more gray heads speckling the water, more age lines beneath the sunscreen and more potbellied grandparents pulling longboards off their roof racks. As Baby Boomers start finding Social Security checks in the mail, the Age of the Senior Surfer has dawned. Not surprisingly, their numbers include legendary surfers, people who, in their prime, made the sport what it is today. Laura Blears. Randy Rarick. Jock Sutherland. Joey Cabell. Gerry Lopez. We found them still surfing, still contributing to the sport. If anything, their relationship with the waves has only deepened and improved.
Laura Blears
Laura Blears was so excited about jumping into the ocean when her family moved from Los Angeles to Waikiki in the mid-1950s that she boarded the airplane wearing her bathing suit beneath her dress so she wouldn't waste any time changing upon arrival.
Before she finished kindergarten, she had become a regular at Waikiki Beach, riding waves on the shoulders of the beach boys at Queens, standing up on waves by herself at Baby Queens and befriending luminaries such as Sandy the surfing dog. At the age of 12 she was entering surf contests, and, by the time she hit her mid-20s, she had become one of the first professional women surfers.
Today, at 60, her enthusiasm for jumping into the water hardly seems to have diminished. At night she works as a hostess at Kimo's restaurant in Lahaina, but by day she leads aquasize classes, trains for rough-water swimming races such as the Maui Channel Swim, and—yep—she surfs. Sometimes she even competes, most recently representing Kimo's at the 2011 Duke's Fest surf contest, held at Waikiki Beach, her old stomping grounds.
"I just love surfing, period," Blears says. "Luckily for me, I never stopped."
Of course, surfing today is not quite like surfing in the old days, when she would paddle out anywhere without regard for crowd conditions. If there's a lineup where the kids will let auntie take a wave on account of she's the auntie, it's not Honolua Bay on a good day, with 50 guys leaching testosterone into the water. Thirty years ago, Blears would happily go head to head with the boys there. Now she seeks less crowded spots, even if they're less than perfect.
"I'm soul surfing," she says. "I just want to have a good time. If I've got an hour-and-a-half in the water, I want to catch 10 waves, not two."
Blears comes from a surfing family. Both of her brothers, her sister and even her parents surfed. Her well-known father, Lord "Tally Ho" Blears, also wrestled, playing the villain in the theatrical wrestling melodramas that were big in Hawaii in the 1950s and 1960s.
In the 1970s, Laura Blears achieved a level of pop-culture stardom of her own. For three television seasons she competed in the ABC Wide World of Sports series The Superstars, which pitted top athletes from different sports against each other. She also posed in her bikini holding San Miguel beer for promotional posters that turned up in liquor stores and bars around the country. And she posed without the bikini for a 1975 issue of Playboy, which featured photos of her surfing at Yokohama Bay in the buff. "I think everybody's either surfed or swam naked at least once, right?" she asks.


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Chemical Update: Adjuvants/Wetting Agents
There are many reasons for you to want to make spray mixtures more effective. Sometimes factors are present that prevent the pesticide from doing as it is intended. The key to effectiveness is that the sprayed product must reach the target organism, but hurdles, such as the following, often are in the way of effective delivery:
Soil may be hydrophobic and repel the water carrier, preventing root-absorbed materials from reaching roots.
Plant surfaces may be waxy and repel foliar sprays.
Rain, irrigation and even dew can dilute or wash off sprayed material on plant surfaces.
Pesticides in a tank may not be compatible.
Drift may prevent precise application to target.
Fortunately, adjuvants are available that can help you overcome these obstacles. Using adjuvants in you turf management program can help you improve plant protection performance They can make the difference between peak performance and poor performance.
The starting point is to find the right adjuvant for the job. This new addition to the "Chemical Update" series will help you in this task.
As you look through the list of products, it is important that you realize that one adjuvant product may serve many roles. A manufacturer in many cases will blend active ingredients together to make one product that will have broader application. For instance, the manufacturer may blend a non-ionic surfactant, to be used as a spreader/activator/penetrant, with a buffer and defoaming agent to deal with water pH and reduce foaming in the spray tank. For a comprehensive list of the Chemical Update tables that accompany this article, go to our Industry Research resource at http://research.grounds-mag.com.
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