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Adam Yahiye Gadahn
|Adam Yahiye Gadahn
Adam Yahiye Gadahn
September 1, 1978[1]
Oregon, U.S.
January 19, 2015[2] (aged 36)
Waziristan, Pakistan
Cause of death
|Drone strike
|Interpreter, spokesman for al-Qaeda
|Known for
|Member of al-Qaeda/FBI's most wanted
|5 ft. 11 in. (1.8 m)[3]
|210 lb. (95 kg)[3]
|Sunni Islam
|Afghan refugee
Adam Yahiye Gadahn (Arabic: آدم يحيى غدن, Ādam Yaḥyā Ghadan; September 1, 1978 – January 19, 2015) was an American senior operative, cultural interpreter, spokesman[3] and media advisor[4] for the Islamist group al-Qaeda. Since 2004, he had appeared in a number of videos produced by al-Qaeda as "Azzam the American" ('Azzām al-Amrīki, عزام الأمريكي, sometimes transcribed as Ezzam Al-Amerikee). Gadahn, who converted to Islam in 1995 at a California mosque, was described as "homegrown," meaning that he had converted to an ideology so firmly that he was willing to harm his country of origin.[3] American intelligence officials allege that he inspired the 2007 Osama bin Laden video.[4]
In 2004, he was added to the FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism list.[5] On October 11, 2006 he was removed from that list, and placed on the Bureau of Diplomatic Security Rewards for Justice Program list of wanted criminals.[6] On the same day, Gadahn was indicted based on the testimony of the FBI case agent E. J. Hilbert II, in the Southern Division of the United States District Court for the Central District of California by a federal grand jury for the capital crime of treason for aiding an enemy of the United States, i.e., al-Qaeda.
Background and childhood
Gadahn was born Adam Yahiye Gadahn in 1978, in Oregon, United States.[7] Gadahn's Jewish paternal grandfather, Carl Pearlman, was a prominent urologist; and on the Board of Directors of the Anti-Defamation League. According to Gadahn, his grandfather was a "zealous supporter" of Israel.[8][9] Gadahn's paternal grandmother, Agnes Branch, a Christian, was an editor for The Christian Family Chronicles (a genealogical publication for people with the surname "Christian").[10] Gadahn's father is Philip Pearlman, a musician who grew up in Orange County, California. Philip Pearlman and his wife Jennifer legally changed their last name from Pearlman to Gadahn in the mid-1970s, after the Biblical warrior Gideon.[3] Philip Gadahn was involved in the counterculture movement at the University of California at Irvine, and before Adam's birth became a Christian. Gadahn described his father as having been "raised agnostic or atheist, but he became a believer in One God when he picked up a Bible left on the beach."[3] His father's religious perspective was flexible and based upon his own spiritual needs and as a new convert to Islam, Gadahn portrayed his father in a manner sympathetic to his religion of conversion.[3]
Gadahn was raised a Protestant Christian, and homeschooled through high school by his parents on an isolated farm in Western Riverside County, California.[3] He played Little League baseball and participated in Christian homeschool support groups. As an adolescent he became very involved in the death metal community, making contact with fans and musicians through alternative magazines.[3] During the summer of 1993, he formed his own one-man band called Aphasia.[3] Gadahn contributed music reviews and artwork to a zine called Xenocide.[3] In 1995, at age 16, Gadahn moved in with his grandparents in the West Floral Park neighborhood of Santa Ana, California.[3] Not long after, he converted to Islam and lamented the estrangement his musical interest caused between him and his family writing, "My relationship with my parents became strained, although only intermittently so. I am sorry even as I write this."[3]
Conversion to Islam
While living with his grandparents in West Floral Park, Santa Ana, Gadahn described himself as having a "yawning emptiness", and he sought ways "to fill that void". He explored Christianity on the Internet, radio, and locally, but later said that he found evangelical Christianity's "apocalyptic ramblings" to be "paranoid" and hollow.[11] In 1995, at age 17, Gadahn began studying Islam at the Islamic Society of Orange County. Members of Gadahn's study group were young fundamentalists who "targeted the mosque's chairman, Haitham Bundakji", whom they referred to as Danny the Jew for his practice of "wearing Western clothes and being overly friendly with Jews".[12]
Gadahn converted to Islam later that year, and shortly thereafter posted an essay to the University of Southern California Web site describing his conversion, titled "Becoming a Muslim".[11] According to his parents, Adam was "arrested and convicted of assaulting his former mentor Haitham Bundakji in May 1997." He served two days in jail, but his failure to perform 40 hours of community service left a warrant for his arrest active.[3]
Gadahn reportedly moved to Pakistan in 1998, where he married an Afghan refugee and maintained intermittent contact with his family until March 2001, when all contact with his family stopped.[13] He told his parents he had been working as a journalist while in Pakistan — spending time in both Karachi and Peshawar — presumably a euphemism for his media propaganda efforts for al-Qaeda.[3][14] He began supporting jihadi causes in the late 1990s.[3]
Al-Qaeda affiliation
In a short period of time, Gadahn became a senior advisor to Bin Laden and was assumed to be playing the role of "translator, video producer, and cultural interpreter."[3] Gadahn declared his animosity towards the United States by declaring it "enemy soil" and praising the individuals responsible for the September 11 attacks.[3] The first production of al-Qaeda's media division, As-Sahab, was believed to have been in 2001 with the involvement of Adam Yahiye Gadahn.[14] United States and British intelligence officials believe it to have been run by Gadahn,[15] although it was reported that the media production of these messages had a notable decrease in quality, possibly due to Gadahn's involvement in other tasks for Al Qaeda.[16][17]
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) announced that it wanted Gadahn for questioning in 2004,[3] and on May 26, 2004, United States Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Robert Mueller announced that reports indicated that Gadahn was one of seven al-Qaeda members who were planning terrorist actions for the summer or fall of 2004. Gadahn's name was the only new name released by Mueller in this warning. Two of the other alleged terrorists named on that date were Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani and Fazul Abdullah Mohammed. Those two had been listed as FBI Most Wanted Terrorists since 2001, indicted for their roles in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. The others, Amer el-Maati, Aafia Siddiqui, Abderraouf Jdey, and Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah had all been on FBI wanted lists for some time. Jdey had been on the FBI's "Seeking Information" wanted list since January 17, 2002, to which Gadahn was added with the other three as well.[18]
In a 2005 video, Gadahn threatened to attack Los Angeles, for which the United States Department of Justice "indicted him under seal for providing material support to Al Qaeda".[3] As an introduction to the "An Introduction to Islam" video in 2006, Zawahiri encouraged westerners to heed Gadahn's message and praised Gadahn as "a perceptive person who wants to lead his people out of darkness into the light"; "Al Qaeda had never before given one of its members, let alone an American, an endorsement so intimate and direct."[3] As a result of the contents of the "Invitation" video, he was charged with treason because "[h]e chose to join our enemy and to provide it with aid and comfort by acting as a propagandist for Al Qaeda," as Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty explained.[3] He was also placed on the FBI's most wanted list and a million dollar reward was offered for his capture.[3] McNulty explained the severity of Gadahn's crimes: "Terrorists create fear and intimidation through extreme violence. They want Americans to live and walk in fear. They want to demoralize us. That's why propaganda is so important to them, and why facilitating that propaganda is such an egregious crime."[3]
Appearances in al-Qaeda videos
In late October 2004, ABC News broadcast a 75-minute videotape of a man who identified himself as "Azzam the American" threatening the United States with terrorist attacks.[19] After the network played excerpts of the video, someone from one of Gadahn's mosques told law enforcement officials that he believed the man in the video was Gadahn.[20]
In 2005, on the fourth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, attacks, an eleven-minute videotape message purportedly from al-Qaeda was broadcast on the ABC News program Good Morning America. The American English-accented speaker, a man whose face was partially concealed, was identified by U.S. intelligence officials as Gadahn. The speaker praised the "echo of explosions and the slitting of the throats of the infidels"[21] and attacked U.S. foreign policy and military activity, particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. He predicted that there would be future attacks in Los Angeles and Melbourne: "Yesterday, London and Madrid. Tomorrow, Los Angeles and Melbourne, God willing. At this time, don't count on us demonstrating restraint or compassion."[19]
Around the same time, he appeared in an al-Qaeda-produced American documentary film "Knowledge is for Acting Upon — The Manhattan Raid,"[22] a film which traces the organization from its genesis among the anti-Soviet Mujahideen in Afghanistan through its establishment of training camps around the world to its defining moment, the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington. Gadahn provides Western viewers with an expository look at the group's ideals, philosophy and goals as well as a retrospective look at their perspective on the geopolitical situations which led to their decision to execute the attack. The film culminates with Gadahn's description of the events' aftermath, pre-attack martyrdom videos filmed by the hijackers, and finally a montage of videos portraying the attacks themselves. The high production-value film, completely captioned for both English and Arabic-speaking audiences, is widely regarded as a tool intended to motivate and attract other Western-born Muslims.
On July 7, 2006, Gadahn appeared unmasked on an al-Qaeda tape made public on the Internet.[23] On the tape he denounced the United States military presence in Iraq as well as rapes and murders committed by American soldiers. Gadahn's family, who had previously said that they could not tell whether or not it was Gadahn who appeared in the al-Qaeda videos, did not respond to the new tape.
On September 2, 2006 a video called "Invitation to Islam", features a lecture by Adam Gadahn for approximately 44 minutes of its 48 minutes with a lesser part given to al-Qaeda theorist Ayman al-Zawahiri. In the video, Gadahn stated "If the Zionist crusader missionaries of hate and counter-Islam consultants like Daniel Pipes, Robert Spencer, Michael Scheuer, Steven Emerson, and yes, even the crusader-in-chief George W. Bush were to abandon their unbelief and repent and enter into the light of Islam and turn their swords against the enemies of God, it would be accepted of them and they would be our brothers in Islam." Both Pipes and Spencer have publicly declined to accept Gadahn's invitation to convert to Islam.[24][25] Gadahn praised British politician George Galloway and journalist Robert Fisk for expressing their "respect and admiration for Islam" and for "acknowledging that it is the truth" and for "demonstrating their sympathy for Muslims their causes", but added "I say to them, isn't it time you stopped sitting on the fence and came over to the side of truth?" Gadahn urged American soldiers to "surrender to the truth", "escape from the unbelieving Army", and "join the winning side."[26]
On May 29, 2007 Gadahn again made headlines when another video "al-Qaeda Video Warning to US by American Adam Gadahn"[27] was released on the Internet. In this video Adam Gadahn listed five actions that Bush and America must take in order to prevent future terrorist attacks.
- "Pull every last one of your soldiers, spies, security advisors, trainers, attachés, … out of every Muslim land from Afghanistan to Zanzibar ..."
- End "all support and aid, military, political, economic, or otherwise, to the 56-plus apostate regimes of the Muslim world, and abandon them to their well-deserved fate ..."
- "End all support, moral, military, economic, political, or otherwise, to the bastard state of Israel, and ban your citizens, Zionist Jews, Zionist Christians, and the rest from traveling to occupied Palestine or settling there. Even one penny of aid will be considered sufficient justification to continue the fight."
- "... impose a blanket ban on all broadcasts to our region ..."
- "Free all Muslim captives from your prisons, detention facilities, and concentration camps, regardless of whether they have been recipients of what you call a fair trial or not."
Gadahn then warned that "your failure to heed our demands and the demands of reason means that you and your people will — Allah willing — experience things which will make you forget all about the horrors of September 11th, Afghanistan and Iraq".[28]
American intelligence officials allege that Gadahn inspired bin Laden's September 2007 video, in which bin Laden, among other things, made reference to the subprime mortgage crisis.[29] M.J. Gohel, chief executive of the Asia-Pacific Foundation, a London-based security-studies organization, found bin Laden's video "very reminiscent of [Gadahn's] messages in terms of style and content."[4] Officials told reporters that the "high quality" of the English subtitles and the "references to Malcolm X" in al-Qaeda's 2008 post-presidential election video "reflect the influence" of Gadahn.[30] In that video, Barack Obama is attacked as a "House Negro".[30]
On October 4, 2008 a video featuring Gadahn was posted on Laura Mansfield's Web site. The 32-minute video primarily focused on Pakistan, but referenced economic woes in the United States: "The enemies of Islam are facing a crushing defeat, which is beginning to manifest itself in the extending crisis their economy is experiencing. The crisis, whose primary cause, in addition to the abortive and unsustainable crusades they are waging in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, is they are turning their backs on Allah's revealed laws, which forbid interest-bearing transactions, exploitation, greed and injustice in all its forms and demand the worship of Allah alone to the exclusion of all false gods, including money and power."[31]
In May 2009, Gadahn appeared in a new al-Qaeda video.[32] On December 12, 2009, Gadahn, in another English-language video titled "The Mujahideen Don't Target Muslims", claimed that the organization was being framed by the United States and Pakistan and blamed the media for helping implicate al-Qaeda in the recent deadly string of attacks in Pakistan that have killed hundreds of civilians.[33][34][35]
In a video released on March 7, 2010, Adam Gadahn called on Muslims in the West to follow in the footsteps of Nidal Malik Hasan, the Fort Hood shooter. In the video, titled "A Call to Arms," Gadahn encourages Americans and other Muslims in the West to "prepare to play his due role in responding to and repelling the aggression of the enemies of Islam." [36] Gadahn also provides advice on choosing high-value targets for potential terrorist attacks in America and the West, such as military installments and mass transportation systems, as well as symbols of capitalism whose ruin could cripple the Western economy. Gadahn urges his followers to take action as soon as possible and explains that now is the "golden, once in a lifetime opportunity to reap the rewards of jihad and martyrdom…so unsheathe your sharpened sword and rush to take your rightful place among defiant champions of Islam." [37]
On June 21, 2010, a video press release is made in which Gadahn delivers guidelines to al-Qaeda/American peace. Some of the demands contained within the 24 minute message include withdrawal of troops from Muslim lands and removal of Israeli support.[38] This video also includes clips of Matthew Hoh and several other U.S. military veteran antiwar activists.
On September 29, 2010, in another video tape Gadahn urged Muslims in Pakistan to join Islamist militants fighting their nation's rulers, saying that Islamabad's "sluggish and halfhearted" response to the recent floods underscored the government's indifference for its constituents. Gadahn's remarks in a video echoed those of al-Qaida's second-in-command, Ayman al-Zawahri, in a similar posting on militant websites earlier this month, suggesting the terror organization has decided on a single, simple message to promote following of the floods that affected as many as 20 million people in Pakistan.[39]
On October 23, 2010, in a 48-minute video posted on militant Web sites, Adam Gadahn directed his appeal to Muslim immigrants in what he called the "miserable suburbs" of Paris, London and Detroit, as well as those traveling to the West to study or work.[40]
On June 4, 2011, Gadahn called on American Muslims to buy weapons from gun shows and carry out random, lone-wolf attacks. The video, called 'Do Not Rely on Others, Take the Task Upon Yourself', was produced by al Qaeda's as Sahab media team and shows 32-year-old Gadahn speaking alongside old clips of Ayman al-Zawahiri and Osama Bin laden. In a calm voice, California-native Gadahn tells Muslims it is easy to get weapons from gun shows and carry out random attacks. He said: 'America is absolutely awash with easily obtainable firearms. In one section of the video the logos of Exxon, Merrill Lynch and Bank of America are shown as possible targets.[41]
On September 11, 2012, Gadahn appeared in a video marking the 11th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.[42]
On December 1, 2013, Gadahn denounced the capture of al-Qaeda operative Abu Anas al-Libi in an audio recording.[43]
Reports of death
In February 2008, Pakistani news sources reported rumors that Gadahn was killed by a missile fired by a General Atomics MQ-1 Predator drone in the strike that killed al-Qaeda leader Abu Laith al-Libi.[44][45][46][47][48] On March 2, an al-Qaeda spokesperson claimed that Gadahn was alive,[49][50] but the rumor was fueled by a considerable drop in quality of recent al-Qaeda videos from As-Sahab.[16][17][51]
On May 18, 2008, Counterterrorism Blog surmised that Adam Gadahn was dead based on the latest al-Qaeda missive.[51] Mansfield wrote: "Normally important messages from Zawahiri contain linguistic indications that they were translated by Adam Gadahn. Gadahn's translation style is noticeably absent from this video, giving more credence to open source reports from Pakistan regarding the possible death of Gadahn in an American air strike. (There are other plausible explanations for Gadahn's absence from the scene—including his quip in his January video tape that ripping up his passport would not hinder his ability to travel.)"[52]
On September 7, 2008, the Sunday Telegraph reported that Gadahn may have been killed by a Predator attack in January 2008 in Waziristan.[53] This was reported by The Orange County Register,[54] KABC TV in Los Angeles,[55] and other news agencies.
On October 4, 2008, a video appeared on the Internet by the As-Sahab Foundation for Media Production by Gadahn[56] titled The Believer isn't Stung from the Same Hole Twice.[57] Mansfield posted a video of Gadahn speaking about current affairs including the economic crisis in the United States and the resignation of the President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf.
In 2009, As-Sahab released a video titled, Gaza, Not Again and, in the same year, another video where Gadahn is speaking Arabic in an As-Sahab release titled Let's continue our Jihad and Sacrifice.[58] This is his first video speaking only in Arabic.
On April 23, 2015, President Barack Obama announced at a press conference that Gadahn had been killed in a CIA drone strike in Pakistan on January 19, 2015.[59]
Reports of capture
On March 7, 2010, it was reported that Gadahn had been captured in Karachi, Pakistan in late February 2010[60][61] shortly after another video came out in which he called on Muslims serving in the U.S. armed forces to emulate the actions of Nidal Malik Hasan in the Fort Hood shooting.[62] His arrest was not immediately confirmed by United States officials.[63] Gadahn was said to have been arrested in Karachi by Pakistani intelligence officers[63] during the course of a raid on a house located by the Super Highway.[60] Pakistan's DawnNews reported on March 7 that this likely occurred in Sohrab Goth, a major Pashtun area in northern Karachi.[64]
Senior American officials informed The New York Times that the individual arrested was not Gadahn.[65][66] Subsequent reports indicated the individual arrested was Abu Yahya Mujahdeen Al-Adam, who was born in Pennsylvania and may have been confused with Gadahn.[67] The confusion was apparently caused by an alias of Gadahn's that is similar to the name of the arrested individual.[65] An unnamed Pakistani intelligence officer explained, "The resemblance of the name initially caused confusion but now they have concluded he is not Gadahn."[65] Al-Adam, the arrested individual, was described by an American official as "fair-skinned" and able to speak both English and Pashto and is believed to be connected to the operations division of al-Qaeda.[67] While a Pakistani security official said "he was apparently an American al Qaeda operative",[62] it is unknown whether al-Adam is an American citizen.[63][67] The Pakistani intelligence officer described the arrested individual as "proud to be a member of al-Qaida."[65] The BBC reported an additional identification of the arrested as Egyptian-American Abu Yahya Azam.[68]
See also
- Americans in Pakistan
- D.C. Five — Detention of five Americans in Pakistan (Dec. 2009)
- Michael Finton, American convert to Islam, attempted September 2009 bombing of U.S. target with FBI agent he thought was al-Qaeda member
- Sharif Mobley, American suspected al-Qaeda member, arrested in Yemen in 2010 and suspected of killing guard in escape attempt
- Aafia Siddiqui, alleged al-Qaeda member, former U.S. resident, convicted in 2010 of attempting to kill U.S. personnel
- Bryant Neal Vinas, American convert to Islam, convicted in 2009 of participating in/supporting al-Qaeda plots in Afghanistan and the U.S.
- Najibullah Zazi, al-Qaeda member, U.S. resident, pleaded guilty in 2010 of planning suicide bombings on New York City subway system
- Naser Jason Abdo, allegedly attempted to bomb a Fort Hood restaurant in 2011.
- Anwar al-Awlaki, American born Islamist cleric.
- Hasan K. Akbar, American Muslim convert convicted of the double-murder of two U.S. Army officers.
- Nidal Malik Hasan, American Fort Hood Major, turned shooter; 2009, with 13 U.S. service personnel killed in his attack, and dozens injured.
External links
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Adam Yahiye Gadahn
- Adam Yahiye Gadahn – profile at FBI Most Wanted Terrorists website
- 'Azzam the American – FBI "seeking information" page 2004-10-30
- Caruso, Michelle and Siemaszko, Corky (May 27, 2004) "A long way from Calif. goat farm", New York Daily News
- Argetsinger, Amy (December 2, 2004) "Muslim Teen Made Conversion to Fury", Washington Post
- "New Tape, Old Threats From American al Qaeda". ABC News, The Blotter. May 29, 2007.
- "Adam Gadahn and Al-Qaeda's Internet Strategy", by George Michael, Middle East Policy, vol 16 issue 3, pp. 135–152, Middle East Policy Council, September 14, 2009, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2009.00409.x
- American Born Adam Yahiye Gadahn Speaks Of Terror July 7, 2006
- As-Sahab released recruitment and history video – Knowledge is for Acting Upon – The Manhattan Project – Part 1 September 10, 2006
- As-Sahab released recruitment and history video – Knowledge is for Acting Upon – The Manhattan Project – Part 2 September 10, 2006
- Breaking: Adam Gadahn indicted for terrorism September 7, 2006
- Breaking: Adam Gadahn to be charged with treason October 11, 2006
- Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die September 2, 2006
- June 20, 2010 video criticizing U.S. President Barack Obama, which includes a clip of former United States Marine Corps captain and ex-United States Department of State official Matthew Hoh.[69]
- ^ Adam Yahiye Gadahn – Multimedia Counterterrorism Calendar
- ^ Obama Apologizes After Drone Kills American and Italian Held by Al Qaeda
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Khatchadourian, Raffi (January 22, 2007). "Azzam The American: The making of an Al Qaeda homegrown". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
- ^ a b c Whitlock, Craig (September 15, 2007). "Converts To Islam Move Up In Cells : Arrests in Europe Illuminate Shift". The Washington Post. p. A10. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Seeking Information Alert for Adam Yahiye Gadahn, FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism, Internet Archive Wayback Machine, June 6, 2004
- ^ "Wanted: Adam Yahiye Gadahn. Up to $1 Million Reward". Rewards for Justice. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/01/22/azzam-the-american
- ^ American Al Qaeda member Adam Gadahn tells of Jewish roots in video | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles Times
- ^ American Al-Qaida member acknowledges his Jewish roots – Haaretz – Israel News
- ^ Christian Family Chronicles
- ^ a b Gadahn, Adam Yahiye (1995). "Becoming Muslim". Islamic Network. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ Bernhard, Brendan, White Muslims : From LA to New York … to Jihad?, Melville House Publishing, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2006, p. 54-5
- ^ Ross, Brian and Scott, David (November 9, 2004). "American Al Qaeda Unmasked?". ABC World News Tonight.
- ^ a b Family Security Matters » Publications » Where's the Beef? Mystery Grows Surrounding Whereabouts of Adam Gadahn
- ^ The Blotter: Al Qaeda Leader on the Web Again – Instant Messaging Next?
- ^ a b The Jawa Report: Dead or Alive? US Looking for Adam Gadahn
- ^ a b The quiet American – tracing the whereabouts of Adam Gadahn subscription required
- ^ Transcript: Ashcroft, Mueller news conference, CNN, Wednesday, May 26, 2004 Posted: 8:19 PM EDT (0019 GMT).
- ^ a b Ross, Brian (September 11, 2005). "Alleged American Al Qaeda Warns of U.S. Attacks". ABC World News Tonight.
- ^ LaJeunesse, Williamet al. (October 29, 2004). "Officials Believe 'Azzam' Is Gadahn". Foxnews.com.
- ^ Bernhard, Brendan White Muslims : From LA to New York … to Jihad?Melville House Publishing, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2006, p.57
- ^ Knowledge Is For Acting Upon – The Manhattan Raid – Part 1 and Knowledge Is For Acting Upon – The Manhattan Raid – Part 2
- ^ MEMRI: Special Dispatch Series – No. 1201
- ^ al-Qaeda Invites Me to Join Its Ranks [Weblog] – Daniel Pipes
- ^ Watch: "To Americans and the rest of Christendom we say, either repent … or … suffer the consequences in this world and the next…"[dead link]
- ^ Al Jazeera English – Archive – al-Qaeda Urges Americans To Convert[dead link]
- ^ al-Qaeda Video Warning to US by American Adam Gadahn MyZine.com
- ^ American al-Qaeda Warns of Worse Attacks[dead link], CBNNews.com
- ^ Shipman, Tim (September 10, 2007). "US loner helps bin Laden to taunt Bush". The Daily Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ a b Mazzetti, Mark; Shane, Scott (November 19, 2008). "Al Qaeda Coldly Acknowledges Obama Victory". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
- ^ [1] 'Azzam the American' releases video focusing on Pakistan
- ^ American al Qaeda member acknowledges Jewish ancestry. CNN. June 13, 2009.
- ^ Al Qaeda offers 'condolences' for innocent victims, CNN, December 12, 2009
- ^ Al-Qaida denies killing civilians in Pakistan, AP, The Guardian, December 12, 09
- ^ al-Qaeda 'not behind Pakistan bloodshed': US militant, Agence France-Presse, December 12, 2009
- ^ Anti-Defamation League: "Adam Gadahn: Al Qaeda's American Voice" March 9, 2010
- ^ Anti-Defamation League: "Fort Hood Shooting is Praised Online as Act of Heroism" March 9, 2010
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ CHRIS BRUMMITT (AP) – 2 days ago. "The Associated Press: Al-Qaida US-born spokesman criticizes Pakistan". Google. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ "What are you waiting for': U.S. born Al-Qaeda spokesman calls on Americans to 'buy guns and start shooting people". Daily Mail (London). June 4, 2011.
- ^ "Al-Qaida releases 9/11 anniversary video". Huffington Post. September 12, 2012.
- ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (December 1, 2013). "Analysis: Al Qaeda seeks to spin capture of top operative". The Long War Journal. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ^ American al-Qaeda leader also killed? The News
- ^ American al-Qaida member missing?[dead link]
- ^ Americanthinker.com Where in the World is Adam Gadahn?
- ^ The Jawa Report: American al Qaeda, Adam Gadahn, Dead?
- ^ ThreatsWatch.Org: RapidRecon: Adam Gadahn Killed in Pakistan?
- ^ Bad News: Al Qaeda Claims Traitor Adam Gadahn is Alive
- ^ The Nation article[dead link]
- ^ a b Counterterrorism Blog: Where's the Beef? Mystery Grows Surrounding Whereabouts of Adam Gadahn
- ^ LauraMansfield.com – Strategic Translations Subscribers Area
- ^ Meo, Nick (September 7, 2008). "Al-Qa'eda's American-born propaganda chief may have died in predator attack". The Daily Telegraph..
- ^ Irving, Doug (September 8, 2008). "Is al-Qaida spokesman from O.C. dead?". The Orange County Register. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ^ al-Qaeda spokesman from O.C. may have been killed – 9/08/08 – Los Angeles-Southern California-LA Breaking News, Weather, Traffic, Sports – abc7.com
- ^ "American Qaeda figure says U.S. still runs Pakistan". Reuters. October 4, 2008.
- ^ American al-Qaeda figure says U.S. still runs Pakistan at Forums.IslamicAwakening.com
- ^ YouTube – 1–4 [HD] We Will Continue Our Jihad and Our Sacrifice
- ^ "Americans Warren Weinstein and Adam Gadahn Killed in U.S. Drone Strikes". NBC News. 2015-04-23. Retrieved 2015-04-23.
- ^ a b Kennedy, Helen (March 7, 2010). "American Al Qaeda terrorist Adam Gadahn, aka 'Azzam the American', arrested in Pakistan". Daily News. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ Khan, Mansoor (March 8, 2010). "Top Qaeda commander arrested in Karachi". Pakistan: The Nation. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
- ^ a b "al-Qaeda calls on US Muslims to attack America al-Qaeda calls on US Muslims to attack America". Dawn. March 7, 2010. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ a b c Khan, Ashraf (March 7, 2010). "Adam Gadahn Arrested: Al Qaeda's American Spokesman Arrested In Pakistan". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ "Pakistan | Top Al Qaeda leader reported held in Karachi". Dawn. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Pakistan: American al-Qaida Suspect Nabbed". The New York Times. March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ Patrick Quinn; Maamoun Youssef; Rick Callahan; Devlin Barrett; Andrew Dalton; Belenky, Alexander (March 7, 2010). "Adam Gadahn May Not Be In U.S. Custody". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c Perlez, Jane; Schmitt, Eric (March 7, 2010). "American Qaeda Operative Arrested in Pakistan". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ "Pakistan 'detains al-Qaeda commander'". BBC News. March 8, 2010. Archived from the original on 9 March 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- ^ "U.S.-born al Qaeda spokesman: Obama is 'snakelike'", June 20, 2010CNN
Template:Alleged War on Terror militants of country


text:
Maintaining Purchasing Power Critical to Retirement Success
Q&A with UAlbany Clinical Professor of Finance Ross Miller
It is never too early to start saving for retirement, says UAlbany Clinical Professor of Finance Ross Miller. Ideally, one should start making the maximum 401(k) contribution that will be matched by an employer after graduation.
ALBANY, N.Y. (August 6) -- A survey conducted by LIMRA, a trade association for the financial services industry, shines light on a startling reality -- nearly 50 percent of all Americans are reportedly not contributing to a retirement plan. Given the weak economy and the uncertain future of social security benefits, it is imperative for Americans to take precautions in planning financially for the future.
University at Albany Clinical Professor of Finance Ross Miller is an expert on 401(k) and other retirement plans, derivative securities, program trading and mutual fund performance. He offers basic guidance on developing a savings plan, retirement health care costs and the long-term outlook for social security.
Q: When should you start saving for retirement?
A: It is never too early to start saving for retirement. Ideally, one should start making the maximum 401(k) contribution that will be matched by an employer after graduation.
Q: Based on current employment and savings projections, how much should you save, and is that on top of 401(k)'s or projected social security income?
A: It depends greatly on individual circumstances, which are very much likely to change over the next decade or two. Anyone who is 35 years old or older should use professional financial planning tools to help develop a savings plan. The high cost of family formation before 35 makes it difficult for most people to save much beyond the 401(k) contribution that gets the best match.
UAlbany Clinical Professor of Finance Ross Miller
Q: Will social security benefits still exist for people just entering the workforce now?
A: Social security should continue to exist indefinitely in some form because the political cost of discontinuing it or even phasing it out, is too high. However, social security is likely to provide less purchasing power for future retirees than is provided to current retirees.
Q: What's the best approach for handling taxes – taking fewer or more deductions? What role do deductions play in terms of savings?
A: Tax planning is particularly tricky given that tax rates are expected to go up in the future. People with uneven income streams would be wise to look into converting some of their retirement funds into Roth-IRAs during their low-income years. When timing is not a factor, paying fewer taxes today through deductions, credits, etc. is almost always the best move.
Q: How should I account for health care costs when considering retirement planning?
A: Expect health care costs to increase faster than the overall rate of inflation for the foreseeable future. Even health care benefits that are received during retirement under an employee's health plan are likely to become less and less generous, with larger co-pays and additional exclusions over time. Similarly, anyone depending solely on Medicare should expect out-of-pocket expenses to continue to rise indefinitely.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The ethnic phenomenon
Elsevier, 1981 - Social Science - 301 pages
"A gem of a book for scholars in race and ethnic relations and sociobiology. . . . Van den Berghe analyzes various forms that race and ethnic relations have displayed including colonial empires, slavery, middleman minorities, caste systems, and assimilation. The causes and consequences of these systems are brilliantly teased out employing historical and crosscultural examples. Libraries with any work at all on race and ethnic relations or sociobiology should acquire this book." Choice
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Theories and Ideologies
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19th century acculturation African Afrikaners American animals apartheid Arab Ashkenazim Asians assimilation Bambuti Bantu basic became become behavior Belgian Belgium Berghe bilingual biological blacks British burakumin capitalist chattel slavery clans class and ethnicity coercion colonial common complex conflict conquered conquest consociational consociationalism countries created culture democracy descent developed distinct dominant E. O. Wilson ecological economic elite especially ethnic groups ethnic relations European example exploitation extended favor Flemish French Fulani genes genetic hapu Hausa hierarchy human Hutu ideology immigrants inclusive fitness Indian individual Israel Jews kin selection kinship Kuper labor language live male million minority multiethnic nation native nepotism organization pariah phenotypically plantation pluralism political polygyny population production Quebec race racial racism relationship relatively religious reproductive ruling class Rwanda situation slaves social societies sociobiology South Africa status stigma success Swazi territory trade traditional tropical Tuzi typically United urban villages women
References to this book
Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights
Will Kymlicka
No preview available - 1996
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Intergroup Relations
Marilynn B. Brewer,Norman Miller
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text:
City of Clayton, MOHome Menu
Boards and Commissions
Citizens who serve as members of Clayton's boards and commissions provide the Mayor, the Board of Aldermen and City staff with insight into established policy areas and citizens' interests and concerns. These advisory groups analyze issues within their purview and provide recommendations to City officials and staff. Duties for these groups are set forth in the City's Charter and by ordinance; some are empowered by a Board directive or resolution. An aldermanic representative is assigned to each of these groups to facilitate communication between the advisory body and the Board of Aldermen. A member of City staff is assigned to provide administrative support.
Generally, these boards and commissions serve in advisory capacities to the City's elected officials and appointed administrators. Final legislative authority and policy remains with the Mayor and the Board of Aldermen.
Since 1957, Clayton has operated under a Council-Manager form of government. The Mayor and Board of Aldermen appoint a professional administrator who is responsible for carrying out Board policies and appointing and supervising City staff. Under City Charter, the City Manager is the Chief Administrative Officer and is responsible for recommending policy, developing the annual budget and insuring that the City operates efficiently and effectively.
| board OR cOMMISSION
|Board of Adjustment
|Board of Appeals
|Economic Development Advisory Commission
|Public Art Advisory Committee
|Parks and Recreation Commission
|Community Equity Commission
For information about each of the city's board and commissions, choose from the menu on the left.
- Boards & Commissions application.
Agendas and Minutes:
- Meeting Type:Board of Aldermen
- Meeting Date:08/13/2019 6:00 PM
- Agenda:Final Agenda
- Minutes:Final Minutes
- Meeting Address:City Hall Council Chambers | 10 N. Bemiston, Clayton Missouri 63105


text:
Your Racing Seat: An Intro To Selection
For A Driver, The Seat Is Your Office Chair. Make Sure It Fits And Works
There is a lot more to your racing seat than having a comfortable place from which to race.
Comfort is definitely required to prevent fatigue, but safety is the major concern. How should you fit into the seat and what kind of seat and seat accessories should you have? Circle Track went to Steve Kirkey from Kirkey Racing Fabrication, Inc. to learn more about seat selection, how to fit one to your body and how they can provide you with the best support and protection.
Seat Construction
The construction of racing seats can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and seat style. With any seat, the most important consideration is that it is made with strong, durable material to keep the driver well supported and safe. In an effort to cover most of the racers, we looked at a seatKirkeys 36 Seriesthat is designed for short-track racing from Hobby Stocks up to Late Models, both on dirt and pavement. The 36 Series seat is constructed with 0.125-inch, 5052-grade aluminum and has an aluminum extrusion bead running around the edges to make the seat strong and prevent any sharp spots. The headrest has a reinforced tubular rolled edge and offset aluminum extrusion around the perimeter to increase strength and driver safety.
When the cover was designed, the same effort was used to create good support throughout. A half-inch of high-density polyurethane foam is used throughout the entire seat with one-inch extra padding on the left and right rib areas. The seat features an inner-thigh support designed to keep your legs from flopping around from the g-forces created by normal racing and in the event of an accident.
Seat Accessories
There are several Kirkey seat accessories designed to keep the driver comfortably supported and safe. Starting at the top of the seat, there are right and left head supports. These supports are designed to help with neck fatigue by holding your head in an upright position. They will also slow your head down during a side impact. The head supports are bolted onto the back of the headrest, wrap around the sides and extend outward about seven to eight inches. The head supports are wrapped in half-inch, high-density polyurethane foam.
Moving down the seat, shoulder supports can be added to keep your body from falling over the side of the seat and increase body support during cornering. They are also bolted onto the back of the seat, wrap around the sides and extend outward seven to eight inches. They should be positioned with the driver in the seat so they fit snug against each shoulder, but not so tight that the driver is unable to move freely. The shoulder supports are wrapped in one inch of high-density polyurethane foam.
The lumbar support is a small piece of foam fitted to the lower seat underneath the cover to give stability and comfort to your lower back. Most of all, it removes any space between your back and the seat. This is critical in an accident because space means your body can move and movement can cause injury. The leg supports are designed to support your legs, minimizing fatigue.
Position them in the car where its comfortable and gives your legs the most support, then bolt the support onto the side of the seat. If you look at the picture of our seat, the upholstery is cut back so the supports can be added quite easily. The cover can be removed and attached at will. The leg supports are bolted to the sides of the seat and are wrapped with an inch of high-density polyurethane foam.
Fitting the seat to your body When buying a seat, the most important step is getting one designed for the type of racing youre doing and one that fits your body. If there is extra room between you and the seat, then you have the ability to slide around. This gives you less support and increases the chances of injury.
How do you pick the correct-sized seat? First, you start by measuring your body. The most important measurement is hip width from side to side. Take this measurement while sitting on a bench in your full racing suit with your legs hanging over the side and measure through the centerline of the body. This is the biggest part of your body and where all the weight is in the seat. Fitting a seat in this manner is similar to buying a pair of shoes: you need to be snug in the seat, not too tight but not too loose. You should feel pressure on your hips. Next, measure the shoulders, width of chest, height of your armpit, chest depth, driver height and weight. You should fit into the seat the same way in these locations as the hips: snug with a little pressure.
Make sure the seat youre sitting in is properly sized for you, Kirkey says. A lot of guys buy a used car and they just sit in the seat that comes with it, Nine times out of 10, its not the right seat. Be aware of some older seats. A seat, over time, will fatigue just like any other part. It may not be visual, but the aluminum will fatigue after just normal use. When youre buying a used car or if the car you have has a seat thats more than three or four years old, its time to buy a new one.
In the event of an accident, Kirkey said replacement of the seat is a judgment call. If the seat is just bent slightly, no more than a half-inch or so, and you can spring it back in shape, you dont need to replace it. But, if the seat is in any way deformed beyond a half-inch, pulled away from its mounting bolts, the rib supports been opened up straight or the leg support is opened up straight, then the seat has done its job and its time for a new one.
As in anything to do with racing, safety should always come first. If youre a driver, then the seat is your office chair, the place youll be spending the majority of your time. Selecting the proper seat and making sure it is as safe as possible is the primary building block toward cockpit safety.


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doggymien4o wrote:I watch several animes They are as follows:
One Piece
Fullmetal Alchemist
Pokemon (no, I'm just shitting you )
doggymien4o wrote:Nice knowing there are other FMA fans and I'm chill enough to tell you that you don't say how many comments I post
doggymien4o wrote:I know that... Do you think I'm stupid?? Just if he's gonna offend me, he should do it straight ahead I woudn't mind that
mjayet wrote:rurouni kenshin- greatest anime in the freaking world. manga as well.
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This recipe,originally is my friend saras' s ,where I have altered a bit.She prepared it in one of our pot luck,which was a great hit.We all loved it.
1.Condensed milk - 350 gm (1can)
2.Milk - 1 cup
3.All purpose flour - 1 cup
4.Rice flour - 3 tbsp
5.Kowa - 1/2 cup (grated)
6.Baking pwdr - a pinch
7.Sugar - 1 1/2 cup
8.Cardamom pwdr - a pinch
For Malpua:
* Take a mixing bowl,add the rice flour,all purpose flour and baking pwdr .
* Mix them well.
* Now add milk slowly to the mixture and form it into a batter consistency.
* At last add the condensed milk and let it get coated well with the mixture.
* Rest the malpua mixture for an hour.
* Take a shallow pan,add oil .Heat the oil to medium heat.
* Now take a small laddle full of the batter and pour it on the oil.
* Let it cook for a minute or untill, it gets a nice golden yellow colour.
* Flip it and cook it on the other side.
* Take out and strain the excess oil.
Making of sugar syrup:
* Mean while,take a heavy bottomed pan,add sugar .
* Pour water ,so that the sugar gets fully covered.
* Bring the syrup to boil ,untill u get a string consistancy.
* Turn it off and add cardamom pwdr.
Now take the malpuas,and immerse it in the sugar syrup for a minute and take it out.Store it in air tight containers and enjoy.
* Make sure ,malpuas are not cooked hard.
* Immerse the malpuas into the ugar syrup,immediately after taking from the oil.


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Okay, this one's going to get a little math-y, so bear with me. I think it's pretty safe to assume that at some point in everybody's they've been on one end of a conversation that goes a little something like this:
Person 1: Hey Dude/Dudette, I've recently been playing my recently acquired video game console and have found it to be quite magnificent. You should really purchase one for yourself so that you too can bask in its joyous glory.
Person 2: That's an interesting point, Person 1, and I've considered purchasing said doohickey before, but I feel like it just doesn't have enough games to make it worthwhile.
Then either the conversation ends or the two become embroiled in an argument lasting hours and ultimately going nowhere. Either way, the conversation brings up an interesting issue, how many games is enough games to make a system worthwhile? And more importantly, is there some kind of scientific way to determine that number? Well, I sure as hell am going to try.
First off, we need to establish an acceptable cost to time ratio for when a game itself becomes worthwhile. Let's assume that, at the average new game cost of $59.99, that the minimum acceptable amount of time for that game to last is 20 hours. Why 20 hours, you ask? Well, based on my years of experience in the video game retail business, most people feel seem to be satisfied if a game is at least 20 hours long. So, that considered, if we divide the average cost of the game by the desired length of the game we can assume that the acceptable cost of fun is approximately $2.99/hr.
So that gives us a framework in which to determine whether a game is worth the price, but what about a system as a whole? How do we determine how many good games a system needs to be worth it. Well, here's the formula I'm going to use:
- Figure out the number of desirable games on the system in question.
- Figure out the total cost of the games.
- Figure out the number of hours (on average) of gameplay offered by the games.
- Add the cost of the system to the total cost of the games and divide by the total number of hours of gameplay.
- If the result is less than or equal to 2.99, then the system is worth your money.
"But wait!" I hear someone cry, "This formula means that I have to buy my system and all of the games at once!" No it doesn't. This is assuming the ultimate cost, over time, of the stuff you'll buy. As such, it both puts the equation at the higher end of a margin of error, as the cost of the games you want may go down over time, and it allows you to factor in specific future games coming out for the system if you wish. Sure, you may pay the cost of the system up front, but the cost will average out over time.
So, with those things in mind, let's have some fun by looking at the current generation of systems and see which ones are worth buying. Of course, a big factor in this equation is the whole "games you want to play" part, and obviously everybody's tastes vary. To accommodate that scientifically inconvenient fact, I've decided to base the list of games on the criteria of any non-multi-platform game currently available for the system with a Metacritic score of 80% or higher. Yes, I recognize that Metacritic is not the absolute definitive source of what is good, but I'm going to make the assumptions that because the games on this list are so critically acclaimed that most people will enjoy them, and that for every game on the list you don't enjoy there's probably another game available for the system that you will. I'm also going to attempt to figure out, where possible, the average play time (APT) of each game on the list. In general, these will most likely be from GameFAQs Game Statistics section for each game. So, with that said, let's start the run-through.
Playstation 4
Resogun (85.80 %) - $14.99 - 9.4 hrs. APT
Total Cost of Games: $14.99
Cost of System: $399.99
(14.99 + 399.99) / 9.4 = $44.14/hr.
Verdict: Not Worth It. The Playstation 4 actually had the fewest games available with a score above 80% of all of the systems on the list. The only others were Tomb Raider: Definitive Edition and Need for Speed: Rivals, both of which are multi-platform games. Even if you take games like Killzone: Shadow Fall and Knack into account the system still doesn't work out to being worth it.
Wii U
Super Mario 3D World (93.44%) - $59.99 - 21.6 hrs. APT
Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD (91.08%) - $49.99 - 33.5 hrs. APT
Pikmin 3 (86.59%) - $59.99 - 17.7 hrs. APT
New Super Mario Bros. U (84.47%) - $59.99 - 19.7 hrs. APT
Lego City Undercover (80.27%) - $49.99 - 33.5 hrs. APT
Total Cost of Games: $279.95
Total APT: 126 hrs.
Cost of System: $299.99
(279.95 + 299.99) / 126 = $4.60/hr.
Verdict: Almost Worth It. Strictly speaking, the Wii U doesn't quite make the cut in terms of meeting our cost to time ratio. There are a couple things I left out of the equation, though, that could be taken into extra consideration. First, I decided to omit Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate from the list (despite it having a score of over 80%) for two reasons: 1) Because it's a game that's great only to people with a certain mentality, and 2) The people with that mentality are insane. The APT for MH3U on GameFAQs was over 70 hours, and I personally know people who have put in over 300 hours on the game. Thus if it's your type of game, it definitely gives you a lot more bang for your buck, but it's certainly not for everyone. The other thing to consider is the fact that the Wii U is the only backwards compatible console of the three. If you want to add the Wii's library into the mix, then that adds a bunch more value as well. However, since you can just go buy a Wii for a whole lot less money than a Wii U, I decided not to include that at all.
Xbox One
Technically none, but...
Forza Motorsport 5 (79.49%) - $59.99 - 46.4 hrs. APT
Dead Rising 3 (79.37%) - $59.99 - 24.7 hrs. APT
Total Cost of Games: $119.98
Total APT: 71.1
Cost of System: $499.99
(119.98 + 499.99) / 71.1 = $8.71/hr.
Verdict: Not Worth It. Even if you cheat. So, like I mentioned, the Xbox One doesn't actually have any games on Metacritic that are above 80%. But given that these two are less than 1% away, and as I also said earlier, Metacritic isn't the end-all of determining greatness, I decided to cheat a little in the system's favor (sorry PS4, but that 7% cheat for Killzone is a bit too much). In any case, the Xbox One is still lacking in enough substantial content to justify the system's price.
Nintendo 3DS
Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D (93.96%) - $39.99 - 32.5 hrs. APT
Fire Emblem: Awakening (92.52%) - $39.99 - 45.6 hrs. APT
Pushmo (91.50%) - $6.99 - 20.1 hrs. APT
Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds (91.27%) - $39.99 - 20.7 hrs. APT
Super Mario 3D Land (90.09%) - $39.99 - 21.1 hrs. APT
Pokemon X/Y (87.89%) - $39.99 - 42.8 hrs. APT
Crashmo (87.46%) - $8.99 - 15.8 hrs. APT
Animal Crossing: New Leaf (86.93%) - $34.99 - 68.6 hrs. APT
Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon (85.86%) - $39.99 - 23.7 hrs. APT
Bravely Default (85.79%) - $39.99 - 62.8 hrs. APT
Mario Kart 7 (85.17%) - $39.99 - 25.8 hrs. APT
Kid Icarus: Uprising (84.57%) -$39.99 - 30.6 hrs. APT
Shin Megami Tensei IV (89.93%) - $49.99 - 56.5 hrs. APT
Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask (82.71%) - $39.99 - 27.7 hrs. APT
Phoenix Wright: Dual Destinies (82.67%) - $29.99 - 26.4 hrs. APT
Mario & Luigi: Dream Team (80.65%) - $39.99 - 40.9 hrs. APT
Total Cost of Games: $570.84
Total APT: 561.6 hrs.
Cost of System: $169.99
(570.84 + 169.99) / 561.6 = $1.31/hr.
Verdict: Yes. Go Buy One, Now. With an enormous list of great games, and a pretty varied one at that, it's no wonder that Nintendo's 3DS is the best selling system at the moment. As with the Wii U, I've left backwards compatibility for DS games out of the equation. At the moment, there's no other system that gives you better bang for your buck.
Playstation Vita
Persona 4 Golden (94.16%) - $29.99 - 68.2 hrs. APT
LittleBigPlanet PS Vita (88.68%) - $29.99 - 21.2 hrs. APT
Tearaway (88.07%) - $39.99 - 9.8 hrs. APT
Ys: Memories of Celceta (85.27%) - $39.99 - 37.7 hrs. APT
Lumines: Electric Symphony (83.91%) - $19.99 - 12.4 hrs. APT
Super Stardust Delta (82.19%) - $9.99 - 8.3 hrs. APT
Gravity Rush (81.92%) - $39.99 - 22.6 hrs. APT
Uncharted: Golden Abyss (80.66%) - $39.99 - 19.2 hrs. APT
Muramasa Rebirth (80.26%) - $39.99 - 29.1 hrs. APT
Wipeout 2048 (80.21%) - $19.99 - 33.4 hrs. APT
Total Game Cost: $309.90
Total APT: 261.9
Cost of System: $199.99
(309.90 + 199.99) / 261.9 = $1.94/hr.
Verdict: Yes. I have to admit, the Vita was a big part of why I decided to write this article at all. As one of the 12 people in the world who actually owns a Vita, I've always been a little surprised by the people who refuse to buy one because "it has no games". Not true, I reply. Granted, the Vita does have a disappointing lack of games planned to come out in its future, but at the moment it does actually have a pretty good catalog of games to choose from (especially if you count in PSOne classics). Given the choice between this and the 3DS, I'd definitely still recommend the 3DS. But the Vita certainly has some great value and is a fantastic system in its own right.
You may have noticed that I've left out the Playstation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii. Well, that's because they've all been out so long that by this point they definitely have enough games to make the systems worth while if you're interested in them. So it didn't really seem worth it to take the time to write out a list like I've done with the current-gen systems. Also, they're technically last-gen now, and to hell with the past.
What's that I hear? "But Raw Danger, you brilliant mathemagician," (Fun fact: not my real name) "I don't care about any of those games and/or I want to buy something ridiculous like an Ouya. Isn't there a more generic way to figure out if the system I want is worthwhile?" Sure there is. Let's say for a moment, dear reader, that you're a somewhat frugal gamer who wants to get the most out of your games. Let's say you go above and beyond and put an average of 3o hours into each of your games instead of the minimum 20. All we need to do is factor in the cost of the system to see how many games you need to want to play to make it worth your hard-earned cash. So...
At 3o hrs per game, the time/cost ratio becomes $1.99/hr for each game. Thus we need to factor in an amount of about $1 per hour of gameplay for the cost of the console (i.e. $30 per game). Taking a bit of rounding into account, that means that you need to have approximately 3-4 games for every $100 your system costs in order to achieve that magical ratio of $2.99/hr.. Simple as that.
Of course, in the end many things like promises of future games, fanboyism, and general hype over a console play a definite role in determining what systems we chose. There's no way to convince a die-hard Xbox fan that the Xbox One isn't worth their money yet. Same with the Nintendo and Sony crowd. And, of course, you may have a different idea of how much a game is worth. I mean, if you want to put it in terms of another media, movies, the average cost for a blu-ray film is $13.32/hr. (for a 90 minute, $20 movie). At that rate, practically any of the systems on here are worth your cash. And even still, some of us find that you can't really put a price on fun. As long as you're enjoying yourself, it was worth the cost, right? In any case, I think it's an interesting exercise in trying to figure out exactly when it is that we think a system is worth our time and money.


text:
STUDENTS » Student Services » EOPS HOME
Financial Assistance for AB 540 Students
AB 540 information for Undocumented Students:
On October 12, 2001, Governor Davis signed into law Assembly Bill 540 (Stats. 2001, ch.814) which adds a new section to the California Education Code. Section 68130.5 creates a new exemption from payment of nonresident tuition for certain nonresident students who have attended high school in California and received a high school diploma or its equivalent.
I am undocumented, how do I know if I qualify to pay in-state tuition?
Students must meet all requirements in section 68130.5 (a) (1) – (4) to be eligible for the exemption.
Do I need to bring anything with me to the Admissions Office when I apply?
Please bring proof that you have graduated from a California high school and have attended for three years or more. This proof can be in the form of high school transcripts, High School Equivalency Certificate, issued by the California State GED Office or a Certificate of Proficiency, resulting from having taken the California High School Proficiency Examination.
If I am a high school senior, can I turn in my admissions application before I graduate from high school? If I do, what happens to it?
If you turn your application in before your graduation date, your application will be processed as a non resident which means you would be expected to pay out of state tuition. Once you finish high school, it is important that you bring your transcript to the Admissions office and let them know that you will be completing the affidavit necessary to reflect your AB 540 status. This will allow you to pay in-state tuition. Turning your application as early as possible increases your chances of getting a good selection of classes.
What if I already started the paperwork to gain legal residency?
If the student has filed an application with the INS to legalize status, the student may already be eligible for resident fee status if the student has resided in California for more than one year since the time of INS application. (See Title 5 Section 54045.)
Students who are nonimmigrant aliens (the most common being the F series student visas and B series visitor visas), are not eligible for this exemption. (A full description of nonimmigrant alien classification may be found in paragraph 15 of subsection (a) of Section 1101 of Title 8 of the U.S. Code.) People who entered the country as nonimmigrant aliens but subsequently have gone out of status are not eligible for this exemption until they apply to INS to change their status to something other than nonimmigrant.
Under this new law, is the affidavit confidential?
Yes. The affidavit will be filed with the college or university - not the INS - and will remain confidential except in limited circumstances.
Are there any financial resources available to help me?
Students who are not citizens or legal residents of the United States are not eligible for State or Federal financial aid programs because of their immigration status. However, there are a number of scholarships that students' may apply for that does not consider the students legal residency in the United States.
Who can I contact at GCC if I have any questions?
If you would like to speak to speak to someone at GCC you can contact Greg Perkins at (818)240-1000 ext. 5571, Hoover Zariani ext. 5789, Ramona Barrio-Sotillo ext. 5565 or Kevin Meza, ext. 5820.
To learn more about scholarships, please review information developed by the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund MALDEF (www.maldef.org) or http://www.scholarshipsforhispanics.org/
(This information is provided as a courtesy to our students; Glendale Community College is not responsible for the content or accuracy of the information. Thank you to Rio Hondo College and the Citizenship Project)
California Supreme Court Agrees to Review Controversial Ruling on In-State Tuition Law
On December 23, 2008, the California Supreme Court granted review in Martinez v. Regents (S167791), which will determine the validity of California Education Code Section 68130.5, commonly referred to as "AB 540." AB 540 is a California law which provides a waiver of the non-resident tuition fees at California's public colleges and universities for students – including undocumented students – who have completed three years at a California high school and have either a high school diploma or the equivalent thereof. The California Supreme Court will review a ruling that was issued by a state appeals court in the fall of 2008, which held that providing the AB 540 waiver to undocumented immigrant students was in conflict with federal law.
"We are pleased that every member of the California Supreme Court who considered the petition for review agreed that the Court should hear the case. AB 540 benefits all Californians. Our current and future economic strength as a state depends on college-educated young people. These students are very much the fabric and future of the Latino community and California as a whole," stated MALDEF President and General Counsel John Trasviña.
The next step in the process is for the parties to file briefs with the Supreme Court. The briefing schedule will likely extend to at least the spring of 2009. After briefs are filed, a date for oral argument will be set. MALDEF will keep you posted on important dates in the case as they become available.
Significantly, AB 540 remains in effect pending the resolution of this case, and in the meantime, students who are eligible should continue to receive the tuition waiver. If AB 540 is ultimately overturned, undocumented students will still be allowed to attend California public colleges and universities but will likely be required to pay non-resident tuition.
MALDEF sought to intervene on behalf of students receiving the AB 540 waiver at the trial level, filed an amicus brief on their behalf with the appellate court, and sent a letter to the California Supreme Court urging them to grant review in this case. MALDEF continues to work with interested amici and to represent the interest of AB 540 students in the judicial process, as well as work with legislators, state officials, students and the community to permit AB 540 students to remain and pay in-state tuition.
MALDEF will continue to communicate any updates on the legal challenge to you using this listserv. If you or anyone you know would like to be added to the listserv, please contact Anna Godinez at 213-629-2512 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Thank you for your support of AB 540 and your commitment to increasing educational opportunities for all Californians.
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Q. My sponsored child isn't smiling in photos. Are my contributions making a difference in his/her life?
A. Smiling for a photo is learned behavior. American children, subjects of a thousand photos by the time they are 5 years old, know to smile when they are in front of a camera.
But sponsored children may only have their picture taken once a year for their CFCA sponsor. That is probably the only time they are photographed. Therefore, having their picture taken is serious business.
Look at the early photos of your own parents, grandparents and great grandparents – no one is smiling. It took a lot of photos before the photographers learned to say, "Smile!" and the subjects to say, "Cheese."


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Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell
Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell
909 Holcomb Bridge Road
909 Holcomb Bridge Road
Roswell, Georgia
United States
Check In: 3pm
Check Out: 11am
Check-in Age:21
Book With Us Advantage
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IHG takes your privacy seriously and works to protect you. All personal information you provide is encrypted and secure.
Welcome to Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell
Kids Stay and Eat Free
Kids ages 18 and under stay for free when sharing their parents' room. Up to four kids ages 11 and under eat free any time of the day in any Holiday Inn® on-site restaurant.
|Kids Stay Free
|Kids Eat Free
|United States, Canada, Central America, South America, Mexico, Caribbean
|18 and Under
|11 and Under
Free High-Speed Internet
- Wired Internet Available in Rooms, Suites, Business Centre, Public Areas and Meeting Spaces.
- Standard wired internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
- Standard Wired Fee: 0 USD
- Wireless Internet Available in Rooms, Suites, Business Centre, Public Areas and Meeting Spaces.
- Standard Wireless internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
- Standard Wireless Fee: 0 USD
Shuttle/ Parking
- Car Parking Available
- Complimentary Daily Self-Parking is available
- Self-Parking Fee: 0 USD
Pet Policy
- No pets allowed
- Guide Dogs Allowed
- The Holiday Inn Atlanta Roswell does not allow pets with the exception of Service Animals.
Credit Cards
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 3
- Total Number of Rooms: 102
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 102
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 11
- Connecting Rooms Available
- The hotel recently completed a full renovation which includes the new Holiday Inn design concept.
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2018
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2018
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Lifts
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- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Centre
- Pool
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 4
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Centre
- Meeting Room
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self-Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
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- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
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- Communication Kits with Visual Alarms
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You can be assured that when you stay at an IHG Green Engage Hotel, you are participating in an advanced, world-wide sustainability effort. We understand that it is important for you to have an active role in protecting our environment and that's why we've made it easier for you to choose a hotel that matches your sustainable values.
FAQs for Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell
How much is parking at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell?
Complementary parking is available at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell for hotel guests.
Does Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell have a pool?
Yes, Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell has an outdoor pool.
What are the check-in and check-out times for Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell?
Check-in at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell is from 3pm, and check-out time is 11am. Contact the hotel directly for options available for early check-in or late check-out.
Does Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell offer free Wi-Fi?
Yes, the Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell offers free WiFi!
Does Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell have a restaurant on site?
Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell has 1 restaurant. Cafe Verte.
Is there a fitness center at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell?
Yes, there is an onsite fitness center at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell.
How much does it cost to stay at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell?
Rates for accommodations at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell vary by season. For your rate options, please input your dates.
How many rooms does the Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell have?
The Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell has 102 guest rooms. Enter your dates to view available rooms for your stay.
Can I bring my pet to Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell?
No, pets are not allowed at Holiday Inn Atlanta/Roswell.


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JK for next Top Gear presenterThis is the place for the Cosmic Girls and Space Cowboys to chat about subjects that are not related to Jamiroquai. Subjects that don't quite fit in the Funktion Room should also be posted here. Introduce yourselves to one another in here.
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
JK for next Top Gear presenter
JK would definately get my vote to be the new Top Gear presenter #JKTopGearpresenter
Re: JK for next Top Gear presenter
Yes! just don't let it interfere with the next album and we're set!
Re: JK for next Top Gear presenter
Funny - I was thinking this when Jeremy Clarkson got the boot. If BBC or ITV is smart, they would get Jay and the model chick I read was trying out for the job. I think them together presenting would be kind of hot
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Soulja Boy To Start Bad Boys Club (New TV Show) "With Niqqas F*ckin B*tches In A Fresh House"
"Soulja Boy Talks About "Bad Girls Club: and Says There Needs To Be A Show With More Niggas Fucking Bitches In A Fresh House" - Submitted By Twitter: @Fic7ioNSODMG"
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Non-departmental Web Hosting at Indiana University
- Find information about the Mypage retirement here.
- At IU, what is Pages and how can I publish a web page here?
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Individuals using this service are expected to observe all applicable laws and University policies.
Complaints that specific material on one of these pages violates the law or University policy should be sent to the University Information Policy Office at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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In medieval times Bishops were regarded as Princes of the Church and, as such, were accorded almost the same level of respect as Royal personages.
They had splendid palaces placed at convenient intervals throughout their dioceses so that they could travel from one to the other relatively quickly and in great safety and comfort.
There are the remains of three in the Pembrokeshire sector of the Diocese of St Davids, and their scale and grandeur demonstrate just how elevated and pampered the Bishops were.
Lamphey Palace, near Pembroke, is one of these, situated about a day's ride along the rudimentary roads of those times from the other two at Abergwili, Camarthen, and Llawhaden near Narberth.
Lamphey, which appears to have been a favourite country residence of the Bishops of St Davids, is a magnificent ruin, which came under the care of the Ministry of Works in 1925 and is now looked after, maintained and managed by CADW, the successor to that authority.
Between the early 13th century and the mid 14th century three ranges of this fine edifice were built, each one larger than the previous one. There were two courtyards with the main complex to the south east, at the centre of which is the earliest surviving part, the early 13th century Old Hall.
Adjoining it is the larger and grander Western Hall, probably added by Bishop Richard Carew who 'reigned' between 1256 and 1280. The long-range to the east is distinctive for its arcaded parapet attributed to Bishop Henry de Gower (1328-47), similar examples of which are to be seen at the Bishop's Palace at St Davids and on the ruined Castle in Swansea city centre.
The Bishops certainly lived a privileged life, with every convenience and comfort. They banqueted on the produce of the fertile farm fields and gardens surrounding the palace and supplemented their diet of meat and crops with fish reared in the fishpond outside the south walls. An inventory of 1536 mentions 27 rooms and the palace must have had a huge staff of cooks, gardeners, bodyguards and servants. The dissolution, however, changed things and the Bishops lost much of their princely status, and their land and buildings.
Lamphey Palace was surrendered to the Crown in 1546, and granted to the local nobleman Richard Devereux, whose heirs, the Earls of Essex, held it for 100 years until the Civil War, when it was garrisoned by Cromwell's roundheads providing Pembroke with stores.
Another noble family, the Owens of Orielton, bought it in 1683 and rather neglected the fabric, using the palace as farm buildings. It was not until the wealthy Squire Charles Mathias of Llangwarren, near Mathry, bought it in 1821 and converted it into a secluded walled garden, that the buildings were once more carefully repaired and maintained. The Mathias family also acquired from the Owens, nearby Lamphey Court (now a hotel) which they demolished and built a magnificent mansion where the family lived until 1978, running a productive vineyard.


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The best way to be ready for a natural disaster is to start planning now, according to speakers at a discussion on emergency planning and preparation for Pocono community associations.
The best way to be ready for a natural disaster is to start planning now, according to speakers at a discussion on emergency planning and preparation for Pocono community associations.
"There are many things you folks have to plan for," said Phyllis Haase, president of A Pocono Country Place, and one of the speakers at Wednesday's event at the Sycamore Grille in Delaware Water Gap.
"The more you plan and the more accurate your plan, the faster you can get back to business," she said.
The dinner, followed by a discussion with panelists, was hosted by the Pennsylvania and Delaware Valley Chapter of Community Associations Institute, a national nonprofit organization that advocates for community associations.
The program discussed insurance, planning and preparation for disasters, clean-up and communication with residents, and was held partly in response to October's Hurricane Sandy.
When Haase asked how many directors have developed comprehensive disaster plans for their communities, only two of the 50 attendees raised their hands.
She suggested private community leaders develop a checklist of exactly what duties the community's public works officials are responsible for during an emergency. She also suggested developing a packet containing all the important phone numbers and emergency contacts community officials might need in the event of an emergency.
"You should think about having an emergency center. If something happens to your administration center, can you go to another part of your community and be up and running within 30 minutes?" she asked.
Dave Timco, general manager of Pocono Farms, told community leaders to "evaluate your exposures."
For example, are there any dams, bridges, water plants or sewer plants in the community? If something were to happen to those structures, does the community have a plan? Have they identified who would be affected if one of them were to fail?
He suggested communities develop plans for a command center, a place residents can go for information during an emergency.
"The fact is, in the event of an emergency, members of the community will look to management," Timco said.
If officials can quickly and efficiently handle an emergency situation, it will be an opportunity for them to establish credibility and confidence among the community members, he said.
Speaker Robert Travis, with Community Association Underwriters, which has an office in Stroudsburg, suggested community officials carefully review their insurance policies. Some insurance plans include coverage for "natural property," which includes trees, shrubs, plants and yards.
These policies usually do not cover wind damage, however. For instance, if a tree is simply blown over, the cost of its removal is usually not covered. Usually policies only cover the damage to a building or vehicle caused by a tree falling on it, Travis said.
The Community Associations Institute is a 32,000-member organization. It will hold another panel discussion called "Maintaining Your Roads, Bridges and Dams" at the Sycamore Grill on Feb. 27.
For information, visitcai-padelval.org


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