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cp - Copy files and objects
gsutil cp [OPTION]... src_url dst_url
gsutil cp [OPTION]... src_url... dst_url
gsutil cp [OPTION]... -I dst_url
The gsutil cp command allows you to copy data between your local file system and the cloud, copy data within the cloud, and copy data between cloud storage providers. For example, to upload all text files from the local directory to a bucket you could do:
gsutil cp *.txt gs://my-bucket
Similarly, you can download text files from a bucket by doing:
gsutil cp gs://my-bucket/*.txt .
If you want to copy an entire directory tree you need to use the -r option. For example, to upload the directory tree "dir":
gsutil cp -r dir gs://my-bucket
If you have a large number of files to transfer you might want to use the top-level gsutil -m option (see gsutil help options), to perform a parallel (multi-threaded/multi-processing) copy:
gsutil -m cp -r dir gs://my-bucket
You can pass a list of URLs (one per line) to copy on stdin instead of as command line arguments by using the -I option. This allows you to use gsutil in a pipeline to upload or download files / objects as generated by a program, such as:
some_program | gsutil -m cp -I gs://my-bucket
some_program | gsutil -m cp -I ./download_dir
The contents of stdin can name files, cloud URLs, and wildcards of files and cloud URLs.
How Names Are Constructed
The gsutil cp command strives to name objects in a way consistent with how Linux cp works, which causes names to be constructed in varying ways depending on whether you're performing a recursive directory copy or copying individually named objects; and whether you're copying to an existing or non-existent directory.
When performing recursive directory copies, object names are constructed that mirror the source directory structure starting at the point of recursive processing. For example, if dir1/dir2 contains the file a/b/c then the command:
gsutil cp -r dir1/dir2 gs://my-bucket
will create the object gs://my-bucket/dir2/a/b/c.
In contrast, copying individually named files will result in objects named by the final path component of the source files. For example, again assuming dir1/dir2 contains a/b/c, the command:
gsutil cp dir1/dir2/** gs://my-bucket
will create the object gs://my-bucket/c.
The same rules apply for downloads: recursive copies of buckets and bucket subdirectories produce a mirrored filename structure, while copying individually (or wildcard) named objects produce flatly named files.
Note that in the above example the '**' wildcard matches all names anywhere under dir. The wildcard '*' will match names just one level deep. For more details see gsutil help wildcards.
There's an additional wrinkle when working with subdirectories: the resulting names depend on whether the destination subdirectory exists. For example, if gs://my-bucket/subdir exists as a subdirectory, the command:
gsutil cp -r dir1/dir2 gs://my-bucket/subdir
will create the object gs://my-bucket/subdir/dir2/a/b/c. In contrast, if gs://my-bucket/subdir does not exist, this same gsutil cp command will create the object gs://my-bucket/subdir/a/b/c.
Copying To/From Subdirectories; Distributing Transfers Across Machines
You can use gsutil to copy to and from subdirectories by using a command like:
gsutil cp -r dir gs://my-bucket/data
This will cause dir and all of its files and nested subdirectories to be copied under the specified destination, resulting in objects with names like gs://my-bucket/data/dir/a/b/c. Similarly you can download from bucket subdirectories by using a command like:
gsutil cp -r gs://my-bucket/data dir
This will cause everything nested under gs://my-bucket/data to be downloaded into dir, resulting in files with names like dir/data/a/b/c.
Copying subdirectories is useful if you want to add data to an existing bucket directory structure over time. It's also useful if you want to parallelize uploads and downloads across multiple machines (potentially reducing overall transfer time compared with simply running gsutil -m cp on one machine). For example, if your bucket contains this structure:
you could perform concurrent downloads across 3 machines by running these commands on each machine, respectively:
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[0-3]* dir
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[4-6]* dir
gsutil -m cp -r gs://my-bucket/data/result_set_[7-9]* dir
Note that dir could be a local directory on each machine, or it could be a directory mounted off of a shared file server; whether the latter performs acceptably will depend on a number of factors, so we recommend experimenting to find out what works best for your computing environment.
Copying In The Cloud And Metadata Preservation
If both the source and destination URL are cloud URLs from the same provider, gsutil copies data "in the cloud" (i.e., without downloading to and uploading from the machine where you run gsutil). In addition to the performance and cost advantages of doing this, copying in the cloud preserves metadata (like Content-Type and Cache-Control). In contrast, when you download data from the cloud it ends up in a file, which has no associated metadata. Thus, unless you have some way to hold on to or re-create that metadata, downloading to a file will not retain the metadata.
Copies spanning locations and/or storage classes cause data to be rewritten in the cloud, which may take some time (but still will be faster than downloading and re-uploading). Such operations can be resumed with the same command if they are interrupted, so long as the command parameters are identical.
Note that by default, the gsutil cp command does not copy the object ACL to the new object, and instead will use the default bucket ACL (see gsutil help defacl). You can override this behavior with the -p option (see OPTIONS below).
One additional note about copying in the cloud: If the destination bucket has versioning enabled, by default gsutil cp will copy only live versions of the source object(s). For example:
gsutil cp gs://bucket1/obj gs://bucket2
will cause only the single live version of gs://bucket1/obj to be copied to gs://bucket2, even if there are noncurrent versions of gs://bucket1/obj. To also copy noncurrent versions, use the -A flag:
gsutil cp -A gs://bucket1/obj gs://bucket2
The top-level gsutil -m flag is disallowed when using the cp -A flag, to ensure that version ordering is preserved.
Checksum Validation
At the end of every upload or download the gsutil cp command validates that the checksum it computes for the source file/object matches the checksum the service computes. If the checksums do not match, gsutil will delete the corrupted object and print a warning message. This very rarely happens, but if it does, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you know the MD5 of a file before uploading you can specify it in the Content-MD5 header, which will cause the cloud storage service to reject the upload if the MD5 doesn't match the value computed by the service. For example:
% gsutil hash obj
Hashing obj:
Hashes [base64] for obj:
Hash (crc32c): lIMoIw==
Hash (md5): VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw==
% gsutil -h Content-MD5:VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw== cp obj gs://your-bucket/obj
Copying file://obj [Content-Type=text/plain]...
Uploading gs://your-bucket/obj: 182 b/182 B
If the checksum didn't match the service would instead reject the upload and
gsutil would print a message like:
BadRequestException: 400 Provided MD5 hash "VgyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw=="
doesn't match calculated MD5 hash "7gyllJgiiaRAbyUUIqDMmw==".
Even if you don't do this gsutil will delete the object if the computed checksum mismatches, but specifying the Content-MD5 header has several advantages:
- It prevents the corrupted object from becoming visible at all, whereas otherwise it would be visible for 1-3 seconds before gsutil deletes it.
- If an object already exists with the given name, specifying the Content-MD5 header will cause the existing object never to be replaced, whereas otherwise it would be replaced by the corrupted object and then deleted a few seconds later.
- It will definitively prevent the corrupted object from being left in the cloud, whereas the gsutil approach of deleting after the upload completes could fail if (for example) the gsutil process gets ^C'd between upload and deletion request.
- It supports a customer-to-service integrity check handoff. For example, if you have a content production pipeline that generates data to be uploaded to the cloud along with checksums of that data, specifying the MD5 computed by your content pipeline when you run gsutil cp will ensure that the checksums match all the way through the process (e.g., detecting if data gets corrupted on your local disk between the time it was written by your content pipeline and the time it was uploaded to Cloud Storage).
Retry Handling
The cp command will retry when failures occur, but if enough failures happen during a particular copy or delete operation the cp command will skip that object and move on. At the end of the copy run if any failures were not successfully retried, the cp command will report the count of failures, and exit with non-zero status.
Note that there are cases where retrying will never succeed, such as if you don't have write permission to the destination bucket or if the destination path for some objects is longer than the maximum allowed length.
For more details about gsutil's retry handling, please see gsutil help retries.
Resumable Transfers
gsutil automatically performs a resumable upload whenever you use the cp command to upload an object that is larger than 8 MiB. You do not need to specify any special command line options to make this happen. If your upload is interrupted you can restart the upload by running the same cp command that you ran to start the upload. Until the upload has completed successfully, it will not be visible at the destination object and will not replace any existing object the upload is intended to overwrite. However, see the section on parallel composite uploads, which may leave temporary component objects in place during the upload process.
Similarly, gsutil automatically performs resumable downloads (using standard HTTP Range GET operations) whenever you use the cp command, unless the destination is a stream. In this case, a partially downloaded temporary file will be visible in the destination directory. Upon completion, the original file is deleted and overwritten with the downloaded contents.
Resumable uploads and downloads store state information in files under ~/.gsutil, named by the destination object or file. If you attempt to resume a transfer from a machine with a different directory, the transfer will start over from scratch.
See also gsutil help prod for details on using resumable transfers in production.
Streaming Transfers
Use '-' in place of src_url or dst_url to perform a streaming transfer. For example:
long_running_computation | gsutil cp - gs://my-bucket/obj
Streaming uploads using the JSON API (see gsutil help apis) are buffered in memory part-way back into the file and can thus retry in the event of network or service problems.
Streaming transfers using the XML API do not support resumable uploads/downloads. If you have a large amount of data to upload (say, more than 100 MiB) it is recommended that you write the data to a local file and then copy that file to the cloud rather than streaming it (and similarly for large downloads).
Sliced Object Downloads
gsutil uses HTTP Range GET requests to perform "sliced" downloads in parallel when downloading large objects from Cloud Storage. This means that disk space for the temporary download destination file will be pre-allocated and byte ranges (slices) within the file will be downloaded in parallel. Once all slices have completed downloading, the temporary file will be renamed to the destination file. No additional local disk space is required for this operation.
This feature is only available for Cloud Storage objects because it requires a fast composable checksum (CRC32C) that can be used to verify the data integrity of the slices. And because it depends on CRC32C, using sliced object downloads also requires a compiled crcmod (see gsutil help crcmod) on the machine performing the download. If compiled crcmod is not available, a non-sliced object download will instead be performed.
Parallel Composite Uploads
gsutil can automatically use object composition to perform uploads in parallel for large, local files being uploaded to Cloud Storage. If enabled (see below), a large file will be split into component pieces that are uploaded in parallel and then composed in the cloud (and the temporary components finally deleted). A file can be broken into as many as 32 component pieces; until this piece limit is reached, the maximum size of each component piece is determined by the variable "parallel_composite_upload_component_size," specified in the [GSUtil] section of your .boto configuration file (for files that are otherwise too big, components are as large as needed to fit into 32 pieces). No additional local disk space is required for this operation.
Using parallel composite uploads presents a tradeoff between upload performance and download configuration: If you enable parallel composite uploads your uploads will run faster, but someone will need to install a compiled crcmod (see gsutil help crcmod) on every machine where objects are downloaded by gsutil or other Python applications. Note that for such uploads, crcmod is required for downloading regardless of whether the parallel composite upload option is on or not. For some distributions this is easy (e.g., it comes pre-installed on macOS), but in other cases some users have found it difficult. Because of this, at present parallel composite uploads are disabled by default. Google is actively working with a number of the Linux distributions to get crcmod included with the stock distribution. Once that is done we will re-enable parallel composite uploads by default in gsutil.
To try parallel composite uploads you can run the command:
gsutil -o GSUtil:parallel_composite_upload_threshold=150M cp bigfile gs://your-bucket
where bigfile is larger than 150 MiB. When you do this, notice that the upload progress indicator continuously updates for the file, until all parts of the upload complete. If after trying this you want to enable parallel composite uploads for all of your future uploads (notwithstanding the caveats mentioned earlier), you can uncomment and set the "parallel_composite_upload_threshold" config value in your .boto configuration file to this value.
Note that the crcmod problem only impacts downloads via Python applications (such as gsutil). If all users who need to download the data using gsutil or other Python applications can install crcmod, or if no Python users will need to download your objects, it makes sense to enable parallel composite uploads (see above). For example, if you use gsutil to upload video assets, and those assets will only ever be served via a Java application, it would make sense to enable parallel composite uploads on your machine (there are efficient CRC32C implementations available in Java).
If a parallel composite upload fails prior to composition, re-running the gsutil command will take advantage of resumable uploads for the components that failed, and the component objects will be deleted after the first successful attempt. Any temporary objects that were uploaded successfully before gsutil failed will still exist until the upload is completed successfully. The temporary objects will be named in the following fashion:
<random ID>/gsutil/tmp/parallel_composite_uploads/for_details_see/gsutil_help_cp/<hash>
where <random ID> is a numerical value, and <hash> is an MD5 hash (not related to the hash of the contents of the file or object).
To avoid leaving temporary objects around, you should make sure to check the exit status from the gsutil command. This can be done in a bash script, for example, by doing:
if ! gsutil cp ./local-file gs://your-bucket/your-object; then
<< Code that handles failures >>
Or, for copying a directory, use this instead:
if ! gsutil cp -c -L cp.log -r ./dir gs://bucket; then
<< Code that handles failures >>
Note that an object uploaded using parallel composite uploads will have a CRC32C hash, but it will not have an MD5 hash (and because of that, users who download the object must have crcmod installed, as noted earlier). For details see gsutil help crc32c.
Parallel composite uploads can be disabled by setting the "parallel_composite_upload_threshold" variable in the .boto config file to 0.
Changing Temp Directories
gsutil writes data to a temporary directory in several cases:
- when compressing data to be uploaded (see the -z and -Z options)
- when decompressing data being downloaded (when the data has Content-Encoding:gzip, e.g., as happens when uploaded using gsutil cp -z or gsutil cp -Z)
- when running integration tests (using the gsutil test command)
In these cases it's possible the temp file location on your system that gsutil selects by default may not have enough space. If gsutil runs out of space during one of these operations (e.g., raising "CommandException: Inadequate temp space available to compress <your file>" during a gsutil cp -z operation), you can change where it writes these temp files by setting the TMPDIR environment variable. On Linux and macOS you can do this either by running gsutil this way:
TMPDIR=/some/directory gsutil cp ...
or by adding this line to your ~/.bashrc file and then restarting the shell before running gsutil:
export TMPDIR=/some/directory
On Windows 7 you can change the TMPDIR environment variable from Start -> Computer -> System -> Advanced System Settings -> Environment Variables. You need to reboot after making this change for it to take effect. (Rebooting is not necessary after running the export command on Linux and macOS.)
Synchronizing Over Os-Specific File Types (Symlinks, Devices, Etc.)
Please see the section about OS-specific file types in gsutil help rsync. While that section was written specifically about the rsync command, analogous points apply to the cp command.
|-a canned_acl
|Sets named canned_acl when uploaded objects created. See "gsutil help acls" for further details.
Copy all source versions from a source buckets/folders. If not set, only the live version of each source object is copied.
If an error occurs, continue to attempt to copy the remaining files. If any copies were unsuccessful, gsutil's exit status will be non-zero even if this flag is set. This option is implicitly set when running "gsutil -m cp...".
Copy in "daisy chain" mode, i.e., copying between two buckets by hooking a download to an upload, via the machine where gsutil is run. This stands in contrast to the default, where data are copied between two buckets "in the cloud", i.e., without needing to copy via the machine where gsutil runs.
By default, a "copy in the cloud" when the source is a composite object will retain the composite nature of the object. However, Daisy chain mode can be used to change a composite object into a non-composite object. For example:
gsutil cp -D -p gs://bucket/obj gs://bucket/obj_tmp
gsutil mv -p gs://bucket/obj_tmp gs://bucket/obj
|Exclude symlinks. When specified, symbolic links will not be copied.
|Causes gsutil to read the list of files or objects to copy from stdin. This allows you to run a program that generates the list of files to upload/download.
|-j <ext,...>
Applies gzip transport encoding to any file upload whose extension matches the -j extension list. This is useful when uploading files with compressible content (such as .js, .css, or .html files) because it saves network bandwidth while also leaving the data uncompressed in Cloud Storage.
When you specify the -j option, files being uploaded are compressed in-memory and on-the-wire only. Both the local files and Cloud Storage objects remain uncompressed. The uploaded objects retain the Content-Type and name of the original files.
Note that if you want to use the top-level -m option to parallelize copies along with the -j/-J options, your performance may be bottlenecked by the "max_upload_compression_buffer_size" boto config option, which is set to 2 GiB by default. This compression buffer size can be changed to a higher limit, e.g.:
gsutil -o "GSUtil:max_upload_compression_buffer_size=8G" \
-m cp -j html, txt -r /local/source/dir gs://bucket/path
Applies gzip transport encoding to file uploads. This option works like the -j option described above, but it applies to all uploaded files, regardless of extension.
|-L <file>
Outputs a manifest log file with detailed information about each item that was copied. This manifest contains the following information for each item:
If the log file already exists, gsutil will use the file as an input to the copy process, and will also append log items to the existing file. Files/objects that are marked in the existing log file as having been successfully copied (or skipped) will be ignored. Files/objects without entries will be copied and ones previously marked as unsuccessful will be retried. This can be used in conjunction with the -c option to build a script that copies a large number of objects reliably, using a bash script like the following:
until gsutil cp -c -L cp.log -r ./dir gs://bucket; do
sleep 1
The -c option will cause copying to continue after failures occur, and the -L option will allow gsutil to pick up where it left off without duplicating work. The loop will continue running as long as gsutil exits with a non-zero status (such a status indicates there was at least one failure during the gsutil run).
|No-clobber. When specified, existing files or objects at the destination will not be overwritten. Any items that are skipped by this option will be reported as being skipped. This option will perform an additional GET request to check if an item exists before attempting to upload the data. This will save retransmitting data, but the additional HTTP requests may make small object transfers slower and more expensive.
Causes ACLs to be preserved when copying in the cloud. Note that this option has performance and cost implications when using the XML API, as it requires separate HTTP calls for interacting with ACLs. (There are no such performance or cost implications when using the -p option with the JSON API.) The performance issue can be mitigated to some degree by using gsutil -m cp to cause parallel copying. Note that this option only works if you have OWNER access to all of the objects that are copied.
You can avoid the additional performance and cost of using cp -p if you want all objects in the destination bucket to end up with the same ACL by setting a default object ACL on that bucket instead of using cp -p. See gsutil help defacl.
Note that it's not valid to specify both the -a and -p options together.
Causes POSIX attributes to be preserved when objects are copied. With this feature enabled, gsutil cp will copy fields provided by stat. These are the user ID of the owner, the group ID of the owning group, the mode (permissions) of the file, and the access/modification time of the file. For downloads, these attributes will only be set if the source objects were uploaded with this flag enabled.
On Windows, this flag will only set and restore access time and modification time. This is because Windows doesn't have a notion of POSIX uid/gid/mode.
|-R, -r
|The -R and -r options are synonymous. Causes directories, buckets, and bucket subdirectories to be copied recursively. If you neglect to use this option for an upload, gsutil will copy any files it finds and skip any directories. Similarly, neglecting to specify this option for a download will cause gsutil to copy any objects at the current bucket directory level, and skip any subdirectories.
|-s <class>
|The storage class of the destination object(s). If not specified, the default storage class of the destination bucket is used. Not valid for copying to non-cloud destinations.
|Skip objects with unsupported object types instead of failing. Unsupported object types are Amazon S3 Objects in the GLACIER storage class.
|Requests that the version-specific URL for each uploaded object be printed. Given this URL you can make future upload requests that are safe in the face of concurrent updates, because Cloud Storage will refuse to perform the update if the current object version doesn't match the version-specific URL. See gsutil help versions for more details.
|-z <ext,...>
Applies gzip content-encoding to any file upload whose extension matches the -z extension list. This is useful when uploading files with compressible content (such as .js, .css, or .html files) because it saves network bandwidth and space in Cloud Storage, which in turn reduces storage costs.
When you specify the -z option, the data from your files is compressed before it is uploaded, but your actual files are left uncompressed on the local disk. The uploaded objects retain the Content-Type and name of the original files but are given a Content-Encoding header with the value "gzip" to indicate that the object data stored are compressed on the Cloud Storage servers.
For example, the following command:
gsutil cp -z html -a public-read \
cattypes.html tabby.jpeg gs://mycats
will do all of the following:
Because the -z/-Z options compress data prior to upload, they are not subject to the same compression buffer bottleneck that can affect the -j/-J options.
Note that if you download an object with Content-Encoding:gzip gsutil decompresses the content before writing the local file.
Applies gzip content-encoding to file uploads. This option works like the -z option described above, but it applies to all uploaded files, regardless of extension.


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Premises Liability Experts Serving British Columbia
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Find a Premises Liability Expert
Experts in accident and injury causation, risk analysis and loss prevention. Premises Liability experts serve as expert witnesses and forensic consultants in British Columbia legal matters, and provide expert reports and testimony for judges, attorneys, lawyers, law firms, insurance companies and government agencies in Federal and state court trials and arbitrations in British Columbia.
The listings below are of Premises Liability experts serving British Columbia.
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Richard Arlington, III, CSP, CLP
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Dr. Miller is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Michigan College of Engineering and a registered professional engineer and consultant with over 30 years of experience as an engineering expert witness. He specializes in warnings, labeling and instruction manuals, consumer product design, machine guarding, process safety, fire science, vehicle visibility, tractor egress/ingress, pedestrian and worker slip and fall prevention, COF testing, recreational vehicle safety (boats, ATVs and personal watercraft), compliance with occupational safety and consumer safety standards (OSHA, MSDS, ANSI, ASTM, UL, CPSC). Dr. Miller has recently authored a chapter titled Hazard Communication Compliance in the Safety Engineering Handbook for ASSE. Dr. Miller has authored five books on the topic of Warnings and Safety Instructions and hundreds of journal articles. He is also currently a committee member of the ASTM Technical Committee F15 on Consumer Products. Dr. Millers experience includes the following: Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (1963), M.B.A. (1965), and Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering (1971), Ohio State University. Owens-Corning Fiberglass (1964-1967): Corporate Methods Engineer. The University of Michigan (1970-present): Industrial and Operations Engineering (IOE) Professor, teaching courses in human factors/ergonomics, safety, engineering law, and labor relations. U.S. Department of Labor (1975-1977): Special Assistant for Safety, Assistant Secretary of Labor.
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Nationally recognized expert in crime prevention and security management; 30+ years providing services to attorneys, businesses, government entities, and others. Education: Harvard (post-graduate work in Statistics, relevant in Daubert venues); Bellevue, MS in Security Management; GSU, BS in Urban Studies. Since 1979, Security Consultant, Author, Seminar Presenter: Security Negligence and Premises Liability.
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	Mr. Francis provides leadership to LFJ Consulting Services on its broad range of offerings in the areas of expert services, litigation support, security and crisis management. LFJ was established to serve Fortune 500 companies, law firms, schools, commercial real estate, governments and the security community. Mr. Francis brings diverse consulting experience to LFJ having consulted on projects ranging from protecting infants in a neo-natal clinic to developing counterterrorism strategies with NYPD and other US government agencies. His focus in recent years has been to simplify organizational crisis management and assist clients in effectively establishing and training a Crisis Management Team.
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Kevin A. Rider, PhD, PE, CPE
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Many recent legal cases in consultation with attorneys representing both Plaintiffs and Defendants have focused on premises liability, supported by on-site investigations, research and documentation, building code citations, ADA accessibility law citations and related local, state and Federal laws governing the built environment. Some of these premises liability legal cases have involved personal injury complaints, and some have involved wrongful death matters.
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Steven Epcar
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Experts in Building Codes, Safety Engineering, Safety Regulations, Pedestrian Locomotion, Coefficient of Friction Technology, Forensic Engineering to determine accident causation. WEXCO has investigated over 10,000 cases, delivered over 2,000 depositions & testified in over 600 trials.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Alessandra Tarantino / AP
Sister Martina clears dishes during dinner for pilgrims in Casa Mater Mundi, an 88-bed hotel in Rome. Motherly inkeepers, spick-and-span bathrooms, some of the cheapest room rates in town, plus an ambiance of spirituality more than compensate for any inconvenience, say many travelers.
Travelers can find cozy, convenient lodging for $50, $20 or even free in virtually every destination -- as long as they know where to look.
Aside from airfare, lodging is typically the expense that takes the biggest bite out of a vacation budget. But there's no need to rack up hotel stays for $100 to $200 a night or more. Creative travelers who are willing to consider alternatives to hotels could pay a fraction of that price -- or nothing at all.
Below, we review 10 options and evaluate the pros and cons of each. See if these affordable alternatives to hotels are something you'll dig or want to dump.
Short-term room rentals
This is a relatively new trend in the travel world -- a cross between vacation rentals and homestays. Using websites like Airbnb.com and iStopOver.com, travelers can rent a room in someone's house, a cottage or a private studio apartment for low nightly rates (it's not uncommon to see prices under $50 per night). It's a way for hosts to open up their homes and make a little extra money, while giving travelers a great deal and a local's-eye view of a destination.
Dig it: Do you love a chance to meet people, see how they live, maybe play a midnight game of Scrabble or Call of Duty? Although you may score a cottage all by yourself, it's more likely you'll get a small bedroom and share a bath. If that's cool with you, a short-term room rental is your thing. If you're not quite that flexible, you can still dig these digs. iStopOver.com allows you to make what they call a Wise Ask, a list of your requirements that allows "hosts" in the city to bid on your business.
Dump it: If uncertainly keeps you awake at night, you may sleep better at a chain hotel.
Religious housing
Depending on where you're traveling, there may be affordable lodging offered by religious organizations -- such as convents and monasteries in Italy (see MonasteryStays.com), or Christian or Jewish guesthouses in Jerusalem. An Internet search or a visit to the local tourist board's website can help you find these options.
Dig it: If you long to be welcomed with no judgment and no questions into a calm, clean environment -- perhaps even have a private bathroom, as MonasteryStays.com promises -- religious housing is for you. Many even welcome children with open arms, often having larger rooms set aside for families.
Dump it: Your room will be clean and functional. If you want luxury, look elsewhere. Same goes if your kids are hellions, accustomed to running up and down halls screaming at the top of their lungs. Also, if you're a late-owl who likes to party into the wee hours, chances are you'll miss curfew and be locked out.
Though they're commonly known as "youth" hostels, this form of accommodation can be ideal for budget travelers of any age. Even if you're not up for the cheapest option -- a bed in a shared dorm -- you can often get a basic private room at a hostel for significantly less than the cost of a low-end hotel.
Dig it: Hostels are perfect for the unscheduled traveler or backpacker, and for those who like an adventure -- read: those who don't mind plenty of company.
Dump it: Some hostels can be sketchy -- lacking not only privacy, but also safety. Consider checking on sites such as Hostels.com or HostelWorld.com for reviews and recommendations. Or see if the property is a member of Hostelling International, a U.K.-based non-profit organization with more than 4,000 members worldwide that meet a minimum standard of cleanliness and safety.
Sleeping in someone's spare bedroom or on the living room couch is by far one of the cheapest ways to travel. In many cases, it's free, and it's also a great way to meet locals. You can organize a homestay through long-established hospitality networks like Servas International, or check out newer sites like CouchSurfing.com. For more information, see our guide to Homestays and Farmstays.
Dig it: If "life is an adventure" is your motto, this mode of traveling is for you. You stand the chance of meeting interesting people and getting a close-up look at local life. If you're social and socially conscious, Servas, an accredited NGO that encourages members to get involved in their host's communities, could be for you. Just super-social? Go with a CouchSurfing.com-type option.
Dump it: You must be trusting and trustworthy, flexible and friendly for homestays to be an appropriate choice for you. You also have to be patient -- the Servas interview process takes at least four weeks, probably longer. As a Servas traveler, you'll also have to write a travel report when you return. CouchSurfing.com is looser and much more in touch with social media -- providing plenty of opportunities to connect with locals and other travelers. If you go it on your own through word of mouth, use caution.
Vacation rentals
A Paris apartment, a villa in the Caribbean, a log cabin in Vermont ... vacation rentals offer unique and affordable lodging around the globe. Because they tend to be more spacious than hotel rooms, they're a particularly good bargain for families and groups who can divvy up the cost. And having your own kitchen can save you big bucks on restaurants. Learn more in Vacation Rentals: Right for You?
Dig it: The many options in vacation rentals means this choice is great for a variety of trips. If you appreciate the convenience and savings of having kitchen -- even laundry -- access during your trip, a vacation rental is for you. And if you're traveling with a group of friends or family, having everyone gathered in one home can be priceless.
Dump it: If there's going to be a fight over who gets the master suite, avoid holiday havoc by checking the floorplan of your rental and deciding ahead of time who gets which room. A rental agreement is a binding contract, so if there's a chance your vacation plans may change, stick with a hotel.
Academic housing
When students go home for the summer, many colleges and universities open their dorms to visitors. Expect basic but very affordable accommodations (bathrooms may be down the hall, for example). There are few central databases of this type of lodging -- University-Rooms.com is one to try -- but it's worth calling a few local campuses directly to see if anything might be available during your trip. The local tourist board may also be able to help.
Dig it: Restaurants, bars and entertainment venues often surround college campuses, so there should be plenty of action nearby.
Dump it: Most college kids are hard on their dormitories and rising tuitions costs means not much is being invested in new carpets, furniture or finishings. Elevators and air-conditioning are uncommon in older buildings, too.
From rural B&B's to working ranches and cattle farms, this type of stay can cover a wide range of accommodations -- and you don't necessarily have to be willing to milk a cow to take advantage of it. Farmstays are particularly popular in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Learn more in Homestays and Farmstays.
Dig it: If you enjoy waking with the sun to feed a bottle to a lamb or corn meal to chickens, a farmstay may be right for you. You may be treated to a hearty breakfast, learn to make cheese or spin wool. The quiet, bucolic setting is perfect for relaxation, catching up on reading or finishing handicraft projects.
Dump it: It can get very quiet, especially in the evening -- so if you're a night owl, your only companions may be the mice. The type of lodging can vary widely -- although if you're traveling in Europe or Down Under you'll have more choice than in the U.S. If you need to know exactly what you're getting, this isn't for you.
Sleeping under the stars can be a magical experience -- and it's one of the cheapest options on our list, especially if you cook your own meals over a campfire instead of eating in restaurants every night. And don't worry ... you can opt for cabins or luxury tent camps if you'd rather not be slapping mosquitoes away all night. Get inspired with our Top Seven Spots for a Camping Trip.
Dig it: If you long to disconnect from electronics, go camping. A campfire beneath the night sky can be relaxing and mesmerizing -- you won't miss your TV or tablet. And you can't beat a perfectly toasted marshmallow as a bedtime snack.
Dump it: Cooking a meal over a campstove or fire, washing dishes in a bucket, waking up to rain-soaked sleeping bags -- if giving up conveniences isn't worth star-gazing, forget camping. And if being clean and sweet smelling is important to you, don't camp.
B&B's with shared bathrooms
Bed and breakfasts can often save you money over hotel rooms, especially if you're willing to use a bathroom down the hall. And it may be less inconvenient than you think: Sometimes the room you're supposed to share a bathroom with might not even be booked -- giving you the facilities all to yourself.
Dig it: The coziness and camaraderie of a B&B is appealing to many travelers -- enough so to overlook the possibility of having to share a bathroom. You'll save not only on accommodations, but also on meals since breakfast is covered.
Dump it: B&B's, especially those with shared bathrooms, may lack other modern amenities, such as flat-screen televisions, multiple outlets for charging electronics and even Wi-Fi.
Home exchange
Swapping houses with another traveler is an ideal way to enjoy the comforts of home while traveling -- and it's practically free. To become a member of a home exchange network, you'll typically pay an annual fee that costs about as much as a night in a hotel room, so after the first couple of nights of your vacation, your membership has paid for itself and then some. Learn more in Home Exchange: A How-To Guide.
Dig it: All the conveniences of home -- kitchen with all the gadgets, laundry with detergent, Wi-Fi -- and usually away from tourist traps and traffic, too. What's not to love?
Dump it: There's always a chance something might happen -- power outage, burst pipe, the homeowner's angry ex banging on the door at 3 a.m. -- and there's no one around to take responsibility except you. Home exchange isn't for the worried traveler: Will I break something? Will they trash my house? Am I safe in their home? Is my grandmother's china safe in my home? If these concerns keep you up at night, sleep in a hotel.
More from IndependentTraveler.com
- 4 common travel disasters and how to prevent them
- Poll: What's your least favorite thing about staying in hotels?
- 18 ways to keep the peace with your travel companion


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Idling at drive-thrus creates health problems | Beverley J. Anderson is the air quality educator for the Williams Lake Environmental Society, in partnership with the Williams Lake Air Quality Roundtable
Published: June 05, 2009 7:00 PM
People like drive-thrus. So do fast food chains, since drive-thrus supply more than half of their business.
Banks have now gotten into the act, and there are even plans for drive-thru pharmacies.
You can enjoy a donut and coffee, burger and fries, transfer funds to your chequing account, and fill your prescriptions without ever leaving the car. No problem.
Except, that is, for a little environmental problem caused by people idling their cars in drive-thru lineups. Idling is when the motor is running but the car doesn't move.
Forty-five seconds of idling burns the same amount of fuel it takes to drive one kilometer.
Calculations drawn from a Canadian survey (NRCan's website) of driving habits and behaviour suggest that many Canadian motorists idle their vehicles for about eight minutes a day (especially in the winter) resulting in a combined total of more than 75 million minutes of idling a day.
This day alone uses more than 2.2 million litres of fuel and produces more than five million kilograms of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and is equal to the amount of fuel required to drive more than 1100 vehicles for a year or to idle one vehicle for 144 years!
The popularity of drive-thrus means longer lines and longer wait times, which means more idling. Environmentalists, city governments, and TV reporters have noticed.
A CBC news team recently staked out a restaurant drive-thru in Winnipeg for one hour, and not long before that natural resource economists from the University of Alberta observed a restaurant in Edmonton for 54 hours.
In both cases the average wait for every car was just over 5 minutes.
Their study also found that motorists in Edmonton spent almost 5,000 hours idling at drive-thrus annually; it was also estimated that, at a single fast-food outlet outlet, the carbon dioxide emissions were 385 kg per day, or about the same amount of emissions as 17,300 SUVs create on the road.
And what about the potential health hazard to drivers essentially bathing in fumes while waiting in line or the staff who are serving at the windows and have no choice but to breath this in?
The provincial health officer has identified fine particulates (one of the pollutants in vehicle emissions) as the most serious form of air pollution in B.C. when it comes to direct impacts on people's health.
To top it off, idling for just 15 minutes a week (say, two minutes and a bit for a coffee every day) burns through an extra $60 to $100 of fuel a year, and with the rise in fuel costs we are seeing these days, this will only increase.
If this were in Toronto, London, Niagara Falls, Richmond or any other Canadian city with anti-idling rules, they would also be breaking the law. Idling bylaws usually make three minutes the legal cutoff.
Other sources such as Natural Resources Canada division of the federal government recommend cutting the engine after 10 seconds. After that you're wasting more gas than you would use to restart your car. They focus heavily on what is good for your vehicle — and your wallet.
They report that restarting your car has little impact on the starter and fuel pump: http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/environment/dont-drive-through.
Any wear and tear incurred is more than made up in the fuel savings.
More than anything, cars and trucks are not designed to idle.
Excessive idling can cause grease, grime and other build-up to accumulate on other engine parts.
Plus, if every Canadian motorist avoided idling for just three minutes every day of the year, carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced by 1.4 million tonnes annually. This would be equal to saving 630 million litres of fuel and equivalent to taking 320,000 cars off of the road for the entire year.
Eliminating unnecessary idling is one easy action that Canadians can take to reduce their GHG emissions that are contributing to climate change
Everyone agrees, however, that idling comes down to every driver's choices. So, next time you're in a rush to get a coffee, why not beat the smog-filled line-up snaking around the building and just park.
Chances are you'll be in and out faster than you would if you were still waiting in the drive-thru.
Beverley J. Anderson is the air quality educator for the Williams Lake Environmental Society, in partnership with the Williams Lake Air Quality Roundtable.
Phone 250-392-5997 or e-mail email@example.com for more information.


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It's a win but what can she do with it?
Riding a wave of voter discontent with the tired nine-year Liberal regime but not ready to totally trust the Coalition Avenir Québec, Quebecers played it safe Tuesday.
With counting nearly complete, the Parti Québécois got enough seats to form a minority government with — despite the most dire predictions — a strong Liberal opposition to keep it in check.
At 10:45 p.m., the PQ was leading or elected in 56 of the province's 125 ridings, followed by the Liberals with 48, 19 for the CAQ and two for Québec solidaire.
Although together the other parties have more seats, the PQ — as the party with the most seats — forms the government.
The popular vote is also telling: a score of 32 per cent for the PQ is hardly the stuff to build a country on.
The Liberals were right behind with 31 per cent; the CAQ had 27 per cent, yet only 19 seats.
With such close scores, the startling reality is that the left-wing Québec solidaire, which elected Amir Khadir in Mercier and its new star, Françoise David, in Gouin, will wield considerable power, either propping up the PQ or putting the brakes on some of its ideas.
Québec solidaire, for example, is a sovereignist party but disagrees with the PQ plan to block francophone students from attending English-language CEGEPs.
For PQ leader Pauline Marois, it is a dream fulfilled in the sense she becomes the first woman premier of Quebec.
A mother of four who earned the nickname the "concrete woman" for surviving her own rebellious party all these months, the 63-year-old Marois was among the first declared elected, in her home riding of Charlevoix.
Premier Jean Charest, a man known for rolling the dice politically, lost his gamble but — in true Liberal blue-sky philosophy — will be able to describe it as an honourable defeat.
But by press time, Charest had lost in his home riding of Sherbrooke, leaving question marks about his future since so much of the campaign was built around him.
Worse, the kick in the teeth comes on a Sept. 4 — Charest was first elected to public office in Sherbrooke on Sept. 4, 1984.
But the most disappointed Tuesday was the greenhorn CAQ, which despite closing in on the 27-per-cent level of votes identified in the polls, failed to cash in on actual seats.
Star CAQ candidate Jacques Duchesneau, the corruption whistleblower at the heart of the CAQ strategy, won in Saint-Jérôme, but former medical specialist president Gaétan Barrette lost in Terrebonne.
Bitter, Barrette tweeted: "The president has left the building. And will not be back."
As for CAQ leader François Legault, who won in L'Assomption, this is not where he wanted to be: stuck with limited power and money in a third opposition party.
One of reasons Legault quit the PQ in the first place is because he felt frustrated he couldn't do anything.
The PQ elected some of its new stars, student leader Léo Bureau-Blouin in Laval-des-Rapides and PQ referendum strategist Jean-François Lisée in Rosemont.
Still, the results are a blow to the PQ, which will not have the free hand it dreamed of to set Quebec on the path to statehood.
With such strong and disparate opposition, Marois will face an uphill battle every day.
For example, in her first 100 days in office, Marois had planned to scrap Bill 78 limiting demonstrations, cancel the Liberal tuition increases and re-write Bill 101, the French Language Charter.
On that front, the PQ wanted to limit access to CEGEPs, require small business with fewer than 50 employees to work in French and create a new secularism policy that would ban religious symbols in the public sector.
But that's just the tip of the iceberg.
The PQ's wanted to build up support for a third sovereignty referendum that would be held when the PQ believed it could win it.
Support for the option remains at the 35- to 40-per-cent range, but with 32 per cent of the popular vote, it's clear the PQ has a big sales job on its hands.
It has drafted a so-called "sovereignty-governance" plan that amounts to governing Quebec as a nation and provoking fights with the federal government by asking for powers it knows it won't get.
It's unclear whether Marois will be able to do that with the Liberal and CAQ on patrol.
"Better to win a minority than lose," former Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe mentioned late Tuesday.
Later, in an interview with TVA, Lisée and elected candidate Bernard Drainville downplayed the PQ setback, saying Marois is a natural consensus builder and will be able to negotiate with the other parties.
Marois, who holds her first news conference Wednesday, will have to answer how she expects to govern in such a context.
And she may have another problem, with analysts already speculating on how long it will take PQ hardliners to start jockeying for Marois's job.
And so ends the summer election that nobody really wanted but which was anything but boring in the end.
For the first time, the result was less of a split between Montreal Island and the rest of Quebec. Campaigns played out differently in each region, leaving pundits puzzled.
Charest launched the campaign on Aug. 1 in what some called a reckless gamble. Trailing in the polls, he was saddled from the start with a 70-per-cent level of dissatisfaction in his government.
But he estimated he had a better chance now than after the Charbonneau Commission into allegations of corruption and collusion got rolling.
He argued an election was the place to settle, once and for all, the student tuition crisis. The election, he said, would be a choice between the street with Marois and democracy and law and order with him.
Twitter: @philipauthier


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Hotel Accommodation in walking distance to the Inner Harbour, Downtown Victoria.
A charming Historic Inn of Edwardian architecture. Exquisite location by Beacon Hill Park.
A leisurely & pleasant walk to the Inner Harbour, the Ocean and Downtown Victoria.
Quaint, Quiet, Cosy & affordable Lush & environmentally friendly.
Truly Edwardian (no elevator & no air-conditioning)
Art-Deco Café Restaurant & Friendly Pub with delicious food.
Free Parking. Free WiFi. Free Fresh air & Sunny verandas.
Frequent birds tweeting and hypnotic sound of Horse-drawn carriages trotting by.


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Mariah Carey may no longer be a judge on American Idol, but she's still working with Fox. On the Nov. 24 episode of American Dad, the pop diva voices a character quite unlike her glamorous self.
"Mariah was great to have in the studio," says executive producer Matt Weitzman. "She'd never done voiceover work before, but she was clearly so comfortable in front of the mike. She's naturally funny."
Carey lends her pipes to Laura, a Southern football fan who meets Stan at a Cowboys game and invites him to join her tailgating festivities. But it's all too good be true — Stan's ideal Thanksgiving-day game turns out to be a dream; in actuality, he is stuck at home with his in-laws. That's some tough turkey.
Subscribe to TV Guide Magazine now!


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This diversity in how the problem is approached and solved is extremely problematic because it can lead to many problems:
- Developing interoperable solutions will be difficult because different systems operate in a different way. While the need is big to inter-operate (Read here), it would be difficult with many different approaches to consider.
- Evaluating different solutions (for instance for a RFP) is difficult because different vendors may approach the solution in different ways. It would then be difficult to compare the solutions and get to the best answer.
- The problem with skills will be propagated. As it is, we do not have enough skills in the industry. When staff move from one company (having applied mobile banking in one way), to another company (with a different model) productivity gains will be slow.


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Peter Appel
Peter Appel (born October 19, 1959 in New York City, New York) is a American recurring voice actor for Rockstar Games, mostly in the Grand Theft Auto series. Peter has provided voices for such characters as Derrick Thackery of the WCTR talk show The Tight End Zone, Ray Machowski in Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, and the immigration agent who appears in the mission Marta Full of Grace in The Lost and Damned.
Videogame voices
- Max Payne - Deputy Police Chief Jim Bravura / Boris Dime
- Grand Theft Auto: Vice City - Pedestrian
- Max Payne II: The Fall of Max Payne - Mobster
- Manhunt - Hood
- Grand Theft Auto San Andreas - Derrick Thackery
- The Warriors - People of New York
- Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories - Ray Machowski
- The Lost and Damned - Immigration Agent
External link


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Properties of microscale constituents & interfaces in hierarchically structured composite materials
A major impediment to the development of physics-based multi-scale homogenization (composite) theories is the lack of appropriate methods to characterize the local anisotropic elastic-plastic properties of microscale constituents and interfaces at various hierarchical length scales in composite material systems. This work aims to address this gap by combining the information obtained from spherical nanoindentation with different indenter sizes, structure characterization methods (e.g., Orientation Image Mapping in Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray micro-tomography), and sophisticated finite element models to arrive at reliable estimates of the elusive local properties. This research will identify the main rules to be followed in the design of advanced composite materials with superior performance characteristics that are far superior to the properties exhibited by any of the constituents.
This project is funded by the Army Research Office and performed in partnership with Professor Surya Kalidindi, Georgia Institute of Technology.
Faculty contact:


text: This isn't just a Father's Day set. It's for all classic car lovers in your life.Our cling stamps * Are made of premium rubber.* Have deeply etched images so you get a superior stamped impression each time. * Are precut so you don't have to trim.* Are repositionable; temporarily mount them on clear blocks for stamping, then remove them for storage.* Save space—you need only one set of blocks for all your clear-mount stamps (blocks sold separately). * Come packaged in cases with images on the spine for easy storage and quick reference.Quantity: 10 rubber stampsSuggested clear blocks (sold separately): b, c, h


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Mclean Painter
Everyone loves changing the style and look of their houses with beautiful, soft and pastel colors. We always want our house to look very beautiful and we love being appreciated for our house and the colors we put in. It is very easy to paint your house with desired shades and colors. We get lots and lots of painting stuff on the internet and in the markets also, but how do we know the exact ways to color our house and how we do know whether the colors we apply are really reliable or not. If we want long lasting and good results we should to be keen on choosing shades for our house.
Why Hire Professional Painting Contractor
Painting your house is a home improvement task that you can do yourself. All you need is a can of paint, some rollers, paintbrushes and you are all set. However, the common problem is that you start the painting job and when your schedule gets too busy, you fail to complete it. You end up with a half-painted room that is simply an eyesore. Hiring a painter in Mclean ensures that the job will be finished on time or ahead of schedule. You do not have to wait till you next day off from work to be able to finish the paint job. A painter will come to your house and do the job in no time at all.
There are also some people who may be able to wield a paintbrush but are not really capable of painting their house. House painting looks easy when you look at others doing it. What you fail to notice that these people are expert painters. They know what they are doing and it shows in the end results. If your goal in repainting your house is to make it look more appealing then you will fail to do that if you do a botched up job at painting your house. By hiring a Mclean painter, you can be assured that they will do an excellent job at painting your house. With their expertise, your house will look like new.
What Color Should I Paint My House
When painting your house, the choice of colors is very important. You need to choose colors that will complement with the design of your house. As much as possible avoid choosing colors that will clash with the colors of the other parts of your house. No matter how beautifully designed your house is, if the paint job is not done well and the colors clash then it will not be beautiful to look at. It will be such a waste of a perfectly designed house. Choosing the right paint colors for your house can be quite difficult since there are so many colors to choose from. This is another reason for hiring a house painting company in Mclean, Texas. They can help you choose the right colors for your house. With their expert advice, your house will look elegant both in its design and paint colors. To save you from the stress of having to choose the paint colors and having to paint the house yourself, hire a house painting company.
Interior Painting Mclean
Whether you are painting the interior of your house, the choice of the right colors is important. Consider the following:
Tips you can use in choosing the interior paint colors for house painting
- The paint you choose should match the furniture, accessories and windows that you have to use. You must already have the furniture of your choice in mind, so adjust the color of your home painting to match with it.
- Use the paint colors in painting the rooms, like violet and green that achieves the effect of making them appear larger, instead using yellow or red that tends to make the rooms look smaller.
- Paint the trim of the walls with different colors from the color of the wall, emphasizing the trim.
- Using dark and light shades of the same color in the house will achieve a harmonizing effect. Extreme contrasting colors are not recommended.
Exterior Painting Mclean
Check how the paint colors you are buying look in daylight and at night, to give you an idea of how the interior of the house will appear after the application of the paints. There are some tips too that you can follow in house painting when painting the exteriors of the house. When you buy the exterior paint colors take note of the following:
- Try selecting the colors that will make your house compatible with the houses of the neighbors as you might stand out as a very different individual from them. From just the painting of your house try to be as neighborly as you can – you will not lose anything by being a good neighbor.
- The structure of your house too should be an important factor to consider in the choice of the exterior painting. Features like the decks, stones, bricks in your house may be painted with strong colors to give them a rugged appearance.
- It will be good for you to go for the popular colors for the exterior of houses like the White or Off White now mostly found in American homes. Brown or tan colors are also popular choices.
- The entire building must have balanced colors. The light colors are preferred over the darker ones as the latter absorb too much light and can cause their early fading. The sheen in colors that you choose also tends to make the house look like new always.
- Colors for the metal window paint should blend with the exterior paint color that you use, as they are better looking in this way than when you paint them otherwise.
Following the house painting tips for the interior and the exterior of your house can assure you of a beautiful house that will be a good addition to the neighborhood and the community.
Substandard preparation may save you a little bit of time, but you will pay for it in durability and quality of appearance. If you are interested in getting quotes to paint you property in Mclean, Texas


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Lahore Museum (Also called Central Museum) was established in 1894 in Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan and is one of the major museums of South Asia. It's located on The Mall Road. The Lahore museum was one of the places I really enjoyed during my visit to Lahore. In coming days, I will post pictures of antiques, I took at the museum.
Lahore Museum


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Author: Susan Linton
openSUSE 11.0 was one of the most anticipated Linux distro releases of 2008. Despite a few bugs in the final code, which was released yesterday, it was worth the wait. The openSUSE version of KDE 4 alone is worth the download, and the improvements to the software manager make customizing a pleasure.
I used the 4.3GB DVD version, but live CD versions are also available. In either, the first thing you might notice is the beautiful new installer. The layout is similar to that of previous versions, with a large interactive window and a progress list to the right, but with an elegant new color scheme and stylish graphics. And the beauty is not only skin deep — there are a lot of changes under the hood in this release.
The openSUSE developers have made many improvements to save users time and effort. A new "Installation from Images" option uses a defined set of packages in an install image for many common package groups, such as the GNOME desktop. Using this saves users from having to organize the needed packages and resolve the dependencies at the time of the system installation. It's a feature users can disable if they wish, but it does seem to save some install time.
At the beginning of the install process you can tick "Use Automatic Configuration." In other distributions, similarly worded phrases can turn off hardware auto-detection and lead to long, agonizing configurations. Wanting to avoid that fate, I checked the box, but as it turns out, this setting merely bypasses the hardware confirmation screen where users normally accept the auto-detected proposal or custom configure their hardware. For users who normally agree to the proposed settings, this saves time and clicks.
Automatic Configuration does not bypass the installation summary. You can still change many options, such as the partitioning proposal. openSUSE presents the user with a proposed partitioning layout, but you can edit the configuration to your needs. For example, you can make a new partition or choose one that is already present. You can even use advanced options such as LVM and RAID.
During the DVD install you can choose your desktop envirnoment from among GNOME, KDE 4, KDE 3, Xfce, and Others, listed in alphabetical order. Some other desktops available for install include Enlightenment, IceWM, FVWM, and Window Maker. These less popular desktops don't include the openSUSE look. They are provided as released by the upstream developers.
No desktop environment is selected by default — you must choose one. At the installation summary screen, you can click the Software heading to select additional desktop environments and software if desired.
The package selection screens haven't changed much in function on the surface, but they too have received a facelift. You can still search or choose packages by groups, package patterns, or individually.
To save another step during the install the openSUSE developers decided that the first user and root would share the same password. They believe that a large percentage of users use the same password for the first user and root, but if you have security concerns, it's easy to change the root password later.
OpenSUSE has always had one of the premier installers in the Linux landscape, and the developers have worked hard to make it even better in 11.0. Besides the items I specifically mentioned, there are little changes all over that make it more streamlined and easier than ever.
Because of its many desktop options, openSUSE is like several distributions in one. Here's a look at each of the major desktop environments.
KDE and Xfce
KDE 3.5.9 and Xfce 4.4.2 are stable, old-reliable desktops, and they functioned just as expected with no problems. Like the other major openSUSE desktops, they are customized to give them an openSUSE look and feel. In fact, the gray and green theme runs throughout the whole of openSUSE, including the GRUB screen, login screen, and application splash screens, which gives the desktop a uniform professional touch.
At first glance, little distinguishes KDE 4 from KDE 3 — which is a good thing. Instead of a clunky, buggy Vista clone, users are welcomed into a familiar reassuring environment. KDE 4 in openSUSE is an tidy understated desktop with a panel at the bottom, a few icons, the Kickoff menu, and the widget creator in the upper right corner.
In addition to the comfortable environment, many KDE applications are now ported or backported to KDE 4.04 in openSUSE. I was able to import mbox mail files as well as KDE 3 maildir-format files into KMail 1.9.51. Likewise, I was able to import my news feeds into Akregator 1.2.50. Both of these functioned well, except Akregator was a bit sluggish during fetches under the weight of my 700+ feeds. I was able to just drop my Konqueror bookmark file into the .kde4 directory. It appears that for all the improvements KDE 4 is supposed to bring, Flash is still broken in Konqueror, although this is probably a universal in KDE and not confined to openSUSE.
When inserting removable media under KDE 4, the New Device Notifier located in the panel beside the clock opens with a list of devices. Depending upon the media, you may be given a choice of actions or have one default. For example, a data CD gives only "Open in Dolphin," while a USB memory stick opens an action chooser. Beside each device is an icon that will umount or eject the device.
Overall I was impressed with the usability and stability found in openSUSE's KDE 4 implementation. I began experiencing crashes only while exploring the Personal Settings module (Systemsettings, the replacement for the KDE Control Center) and changing numerous settings and reversing them back and forth. This is when I discovered that you need to press Ctrl-Alt-Backspace twice to kill the X server. This is the first time I've needed to do this in openSUSE.
I experienced some issues with the GNOME desktop. It started just fine and seemed functional during the first tests. Problems arose when I tested the update applet. When I was adding a repository, the online update utility crashed and left most of GNOME unresponsive. When I left the GNOME desktop, the login screen font was scrambled or not fully rendered. I logged back into GNOME, but the font problem persisted. I tried to log out again, but now the Logout tool didn't function any longer.
After rebooting the system, GNOME seemed to function normally, but the update applet never returned to the panel. Running Online Update configuration through the YaST Control Center in GNOME continued to crash, and thus the Online Update tool would not function. However, the update applet did continue to appear in the KDE desktops afterward, and I was able to complete configuration and check for updates while in KDE.
Hardware support
Though I had some problems with software in different desktop environments, hardware support in Linux has all but become a non-issue, and this is even more true with openSUSE. While I don't own any exotic or bleeding-edge hardware, what I do have is well supported. For example, my Hewlett-Packard laptop, which was designed for Windows, is almost fully supported. The only exception is the wireless Ethernet chip, which requires Windows drivers. I used Ndiswrapper in 11.0 to extract and load the drivers to bring it to life. Other critical laptop features were available by default, although Suspend to RAM didn't work for me.
Sometimes, though, my Internet connection, which was configured to start at boot, wouldn't be started. The KNetwork Manager didn't function for me this release either. The GNOME network applet seemed to work well, however, so as a workaround, I just used it in KDE too.
openSUSE is what I commonly refer to as a "kitchen sink" distro because it includes everything but the kitchen sink. It'd almost be easier to list what it doesn't have than what it does.
Besides a few extra desktops and the kernel development packages, my install consisted of the default package selection. This includes Firefox 3.0b5, OpenOffice.org 2.4.0, GIMP 2.4.5, Inkscape, Pidgin, Liferea, Ekiga, GnuCash, Evolution, Tasque, and KOffice.
openSUSE also includes the lastest Compiz Fusion. AIGLX, which provides GL-accelerated effects on desktops, should be enabled by default for those with supported hardware. That unfortunately leaves Nvidia users out until they install the proprietary graphic drivers. However, there are graphical configuration tools for enabling and setting options such as the choice of profile. You can choose profiles ranging from lightweight with few effects to full with lots of effects. The CompizConfig Settings Manager provides deeper settings. In addition, there are lots of great plugins included, such as the Magnifier, Window Scaling, and Show Mouse.
Under the hood openSUSE 11.0 ships with Linux-18.104.22.168, X.Org X Server 188.8.131.52, Xorg-X11 7.3, and GCC 4.3.1 20080507.
Multimedia support is a bit lacking in openSUSE by default. openSUSE has a policy of excluding certain code that does not conform to the open source definition and, unfortunately, that includes support for most multimedia formats. openSUSE 11.0 includes the just released Banshee 1.0, Amarok 126.96.36.199, K3b, Brasero, Totem, and Kaffeine. I could listen to an audio CD and watch Flash content from the Web, but I couldn't use any other multimedia file on hand.
However, community-provided solutions are already in place. YaST one-click install wizards will add repositories and install support for popular audio and video formats. After installing the codecs, libraries, and updated applications, I was able to enjoy any video or audio file I tested. I sometimes experienced crashes in Banshee while trying to adjust the volume. The problem was reproducible, but not consistent. I can't seem to get Amarok to recognize my CD-ROM drive either, but I can use KsCD or Banshee instead to listen to audio CDs.
Software management
If you'd like to install additional software, openSUSE comes with a powerful package management system. ZYpp, which utilizes the RPM Package Management format, was completely rewritten during the 10.x series, and 11.0 brings even more improvement. To the end user this means better dependency resolution and much faster performance.
Zypper, the command-line package manager, functions much like apt-get does for APT. It can install, uninstall, update repositories, upgrade the system, or update packages. For example, zypper install crack-attack will install the game Crack Attack. zypper search tuxpaint will see if Tuxpaint is available in the openSUSE repositories you have configured. Some other arguments include remove, addrepo, update, and dist-upgrade.
Those who prefer graphical tools are in for a treat. The YaST package management front ends have gotten a facelift this release. It comes in a Qt version for KDE desktops and a GTK version for GNOME users. Using YaST simplifies software installation for users of all experience levels. It just takes a few mouse clicks to install any package.
In my testing, I found that both the command line and the graphical package tools worked well and were much faster than in previous releases. My only complaint is that the YaST GUI still refreshes the repository databases automatically each time it is opened. Fortunately, in this release there is a Skip Refresh button, but with the speed improvements it's usually half done by the time I grab the mouse and click it.
openSUSE 11.0 is a fabulous release. The pretty new graphics set the stage for significant improvements under the surface. All the time and energy put into the package management system has paid off. Including KDE 4 is not as big of a risk for openSUSE as it might be for other major distributions because of the conservative and intuitive way KDE 4 is set up. openSUSE has given me hope that I could actually like KDE 4.
As many point-0 releases, 11.0 does have bugs and rough edges. I experienced a few, and others are likely to be reported in the upcoming weeks. For the most part, the ones I encountered were insignificant, not showstoppers.
Overall, 11.0 is a commendable release. The developers have done an admirable job walking that fine line between stable and bleeding edge. If you like the latest software or wish for a nice usable KDE 4, then openSUSE 11.0 is for you. If you're completely happy with 10.3, well, perhaps you might want to wait for further reports.
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Event Date:
December 11, 2017 - 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm EST
This webinar is focused on strategies to improve coordination between the public workforce system and employers to help businesses overcome barriers to recruiting, hiring, and training individuals with disabilities.
Event Date:
June 21, 2018 - 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm EDT
In recent years Facebook has become a tool for professional networking and on-the-job workplace productivity through its enterprise collaboration software, Workplace. In this webinar, Director of Accessibility Jeff Wieland and Director of Policy Monica Desai discuss why and how Facebook has made accessibility a priority.


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128 members30 Comments 4 Likes
Started this discussion. Last reply by Mark / The Mayor Oct 25, 2009. 1 Reply 0 Likes
I would like to be able to play Monday through Saturday before 7. I go to Golden West, so those courts are easy, but will meet up anywhere in or around HB.Matt 916-761-2457Continue
Matt has not received any gifts yet
are the courts at golden west lighted?
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for Sunday, May 17, 2015
Through the whole of the Old Testament, the Jewish Scriptures, we hear
prophets exclaiming about God's love: He reaches out to the poor, He
chooses the least of all, He seeks out those He has chosen, He chooses all
peoples, He looks for the insignificant and calls them to Him.
We modern people are like the peoples of all times: we find it so
difficult to believe that there is one God and that this One God loves us
and seeks us out to call us to live His life with Him.
In our first reading today, from the Acts of the Apostles, we heard of the
choosing of Matthias to take the place of Judas. This early group of
twelve, apostles, was an important structure for the early Churches. Later
it disappears as a group of twelve and simple becomes the group of those
who lead the various Churches. The early believers had no doubt that God
would guide them. Some doubted, for sure, the assembly of believers in
general trusted that God would show the way. God had always shown the way.
For us God has always shown the way. God shows the way now. The way is
always seen in the believers assembled together with their leaders.
Sometimes it is seen in the gathering of the leaders together as an
We who come later can see this slow formation of the Church Jesus founded.
It is like any new life: it does not step fully formed from its
The touchstone for this faith is found in the second reading today, from
the First Letter of John: Whoever acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of
God, God remains in him and he in God.
If someone has no faith, that person cannot be part of the assembly seeking
God's will. It is only a fraud. Through the centuries there have been
plenty of frauds. Even today in our parishes, in our dioceses, in the
Church at large, there are frauds. Yet we must be cautious about
identifying others as frauds. None of us is perfect. None of us is
without sin. If we separate ourselves apart and claim to have the whole
truth, this is normally a sign of being in error.
So the Gospel of John today speaks of this searching for the truth:
Consecrate them in the truth. Your word is truth. As you sent me into the
world, so I sent them into the world. And I consecrate myself for them, so
that they also may be consecrated in truth.
Let us commit ourselves to the truth, to seeking the truth, to seeking the
truth together. There are times when we may be convinced that only we have
the truth, but may we not embrace that path. Only God has the truth, only
Jesus and only the Holy Spirit�and this is always found in the Church in
union with the whole Church.
Christ died for us that we might live. Christ rose for us that we might
live for ever. Christ lives for us now so that we, His Church, may reflect
His love in this world by our love for one another and our faithful seeking
of truth together with all other Christians.
Reflections are available for the following Sundays:


text: So much Jill, Kathy, Zayn, Mea, Linda, Denise, Nina and Liz for your uplifting comments without which I would not thrive for they give me the encouragement to try and do better. Thank you and bless you all.Denise, you are so special with all the wonderful compliments you give so heart warmingly which as I say, is the impetus for me striving to improve.We are such a wonderful "family" in the support of each other and our gratitude goes to our wonderful tutors who have been so instrumental in every way to make this possible. Patricia


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Compare cheap flights from Cairns to Jamaica
Compare and book cheap flights from Cairns (CNS) to Jamaica with Skiddoo. Use the Skiddoo flight explorer to find the cheapest time to fly to Jamaica from Cairns on a range of leading airlines. Save with our exclusive Cairns to Jamaica flight deals online today.
What to do in Jamaica
Jamaica is one of the most popular and stunning island nations in the Caribbean. With diverse landscapes chockfull of flora and fauna, world-class beaches, relaxed lifestyle, the perfect sunsets, and warm people. If you're looking for paradise, you'll find it in Jamaica.
Experience the Jamaican way of life best and head to Jamaica's best beaches. Wear your best bathers to Seven Mile and enjoy seven miles of fine white sand. Get the peace and quiet you deserve in Cosmos Beach. Planning to surf for the first time? Then Boston Bay Beach beckons.
Hop on to a boat and escape to Booby Cay Island and taste the most delicious fresh lobster grilled over a crackling fire. Swim at Freshman's Cove to experience a natural aqua therapy session with Mother Nature. Snorkel with Nemo before he runs away again at Runaway Bay.
Do you want to add some adventure to your island holiday? Ride an ATV through Sandy Bay. Fly high on a zipline and go bobsledding in Montego Bay. Discover Jamaica's blue hole and Secret Falls.
Complete your trip with the best sights of the sunset in Negril, and many suggest Rick's Café as the best viewing spot while enjoying good food. Are you an early riser? Then catch the sunrise in Kingston. If you love staying up at night, you can also enjoy Jamaica's nightlife and move to the beat of reggae music or be dazzled when you go stargazing.
Don't miss anything on your trip to the island, and check out this Jamaica travel guide for more ideas and tips.
When to visit Jamaica
The best time to visit Jamaica is during high season from December to March when you can enjoy sunny and warm days. Shoulder season, on April and May, is also a great time to visit Jamaica when there's also little rainfall, plus you can get cheaper rates for accommodations too.
Listen to Bob Marley and "don't worry about a thing" because you and other Australians can fly to Jamaica and travel the country as a tourist visa-free for up to six months or for business for 30 days. Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months when you return to Australia. Visit Smartraveller to stay updated on travel info.
Travelling to and around Jamaica
You'll be landing in Jamaica through the Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston. Go and wander the paradise of Jamaica by plane, taxi, bus, train, and boat.
Can you hear the island calling? Then it's time you grab your passport and go book your flights to Port Antonio with Skiddoo!


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RX - THE PERFECT BALANCE. 97mm & 100mm widths RX is all about the balance of performance and comfort. Dual Core technology ensures the boots' rebound, precision and flex offer prefect performance. Dual 3D customizable liners provide precise fit with all-day comfort.
To make every skier that much better. LX - LUXURY FIT. LIGHT WEIGHT. LEGENDARY PERFORMANCE. 102mm width All-new LX collection combines Lange's legendary precision with a relaxed and luxurious all-mountain fit. The more accommodating 102mm width expands our "Choose Your Fit" concept to offer reduced foot compression for optimized all-day comfort no matter your foot shape.


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|Ancestry.com contained no entry for Altona, Knox County, Illinois as of 6 October 2012--yet it clearly exists.
- Altona, Knox County, Illinois
- Walnut Grove Township, Knox County, Illinois
And the problem I have with this is that, we rely on Ancestry.com to be accurate. When there are omissions that can clearly be found, it makes one wonder what other things might be missing.
|Ancestry.com's list of locations showed no entry for Walnut Grove Township, Knox County, Illinois as of 6 October 2012.
Sometimes it really feels like I'm the only one who really is bothered by the lack of a set of complete place names in the Ancestry.com database.
There's still no Prairie Township listed in Hancock County, Illinois, either:
|No Prairie Township, Hancock County, Illinois, shown on Ancestry.com's list of locations as of 6 October 2012.
I originally blogged about the Prairie Township problem in March of 2011. Yes, March of 2011.
This little 'ol blog probably doesn't warrant enough traffic to really attract attention to the issue although I did communicate with Ancestry.com staffers about it a year or so ago, but apparently this problem just does not warrant any concern on the part of Ancestry.com.
Oh, yeah. West Point, Hancock County, Illinois, and Basco, Hancock County, Illinois, don't appear in the list of locations either. But I won't bore readers with more images.


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Rocks Off Rude-Boy Prostate Toy MassagerItem #3802
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Have more explosive orgasms with the Rude-Boy Prostate Massager! The Rude-Boy is a dual-action anal prostate toy made from comfortably firm but flexible medical grade silicone. The smooth, rounded 1" thick probe end is angled so that it snugs gently up against your prostate, tickles and teases your perineum and scrotum for more subtle, but no less thrilling, sensations. For more intense thrills, activate the ultra-powerful push-button bullet vibe built into the Rude-Boy: the electrifying vibrations will drive you to ejaculations you never thought possible.
- Made from soft and durable silicone
- Special design holds the plug in place without using your hands
- Multi-speed vibrator adds a tantalizing effect
- Rounded head for smooth insertion
- Curved for P-spot stimulation that'll drive you wild
- includes batteries
The Rude-Boy is easy to use. Slick it with anal lube and slide it in slowly: it glides in smoothly and easily. Then you can sit and rock back and forth, sending waves of pure pleasure to your prostate, leaving your hands free. Or let your partner manipulate the Rude-Boy during sex or oral sex for an incredible experience never before possible. It's no wonder that the Rude-Boy has become one of the most popular male sex toys on the market, and now you can try this incredible massager for yourself.
This sex toy is compatible with water-based lubes. It is NOT recommended to be used with silicone lubes. After use, carefully wash the sex toy with mild soap and water or try a sex toy cleaner for even quicker cleanup. Store this sex toy separately from other sex toys.


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Tonight's the Night! Advances in Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease
Tonight, Dr. Melanie Seybt of Lexington ENT & Allergy, an LMC physician practice, will give a FREE physician lecture on thyroid disease at 6:00 p.m. inside the Lexington Medical Park 1 Auditorium on the hospital campus.
She spoke about the topic on the below edition of our "Spotlight" segment on WLTX.


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Whereas In-sanity is where your sanity is removed, En-sanity is where sanity is forced upon you. Ensanity is a really bad thing to happen to you when you're a minifig, because you realize how pointless and horrible and ridiculous it really is to live in a BrikWars reality. That's what makes BrikThulhu so scary, the chance that he will strike you with crippling and permanent sanity.


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ALAMEDA ELECTIONS '12: City Council candidate statements
ALAMEDA ELECTIONS '12: City Council candidate statements
Candidates for Alameda's City Council, Board of Education and Health Care District Board of Directors have submitted statements for the November ballot pamphlet. Here's what your City Council candidates had to say about themselves; we'll have statements from candidates for the Board of Education and Health Care District Board on Friday.
Occupation: Cal Fire Firefighter
My education and qualifications are: Out of the box solutions for an oval island. At 5 years old, Gerard's parents abandoned careers, fled a dictatorship, and immigrated to America and raised 3 children. At 18, Gerard became a U.S. citizen, his main motivation being the right to vote. Since then, he's dedicated years of his life to public service including time as a paramedic, and 9 seasons as a CDF Firefighter. They answer the call over 300,000 times each year. Alameda is no different with it's eminent fiscal emergency and hot political environment. As a charitable Elk, he is often in the company of elders. He enjoys their life stories, anecdotes and meaningful discussion of local issues. Gerard believes in a slow growth policy for the island of Alameda. "We're an island. We can't magically make more land." New growth if any, should be senior housing. We owe our grandparents affordable housing. They've fought in wars, raised children, and imparted on us morals and values. Our seniors enrich us. They carpool, take the bus, commit no crime, and participate in the community as volunteers." With senior housing also comes a tremendous underlying economy of care providers and health-care workers, creating new jobs for Alamedans.
Occupation: Planning Board Member/Arbitrator/Attorney
My education and qualifications are: 16 years of community leadership in Alameda has prepared me well to serve as your Council member. I've been a Planning Board Member, Economic Development Commissioner, and Hospital Board Director. I've volunteered in schools, and co-chaired successful campaigns to build the new Main Library and keep Alameda Hospital open. In 6 years as a Planning Board Member and President, I've helped stimulate economic growth and bring high quality, sustainable development to Alameda. Recently, I worked with VF Outdoor to bring 470 new jobs here. I've also helped revitalize Webster and Park Streets. On the Hospital Board, I worked to support patients, improve healthcare services and achieve a balanced budget. In my work as an arbitrator, I help opposing individuals and businesses resolve disputes. This experience will help me bring people together and achieve results for you at City Hall. I've spent most of my life in Alameda. My husband and I raised our children here. I care deeply about Alameda's future. As your Councilmember, I'll work to create jobs and housing opportunities, achieve a sustainable budget, protect our environment, promote ethical city government, and ensure Alameda remains a vibrant, livable community. marilyn4alameda.org
Occupation: Councilmember, Attorney
My education and qualifications are: As your Mayor (2002 thru 2010) and council member for the past two years I have provided strong leadership and established policies and programs which ensure that Alameda will continue to be the best place to live and work for generations to come. Our community is a safe place to live and I will keep it that way. I have accomplished a lot for our community and I want to do even more. With my leadership, we have successfully revived the Park and Webster Street business districts, restored and reopened the Historic Alameda Theatre and built our new library. Our retail centers at South Shore and Bridgeside have been renovated after decades of decline. Major new businesses, including Pete's Coffee and VF Outdoor/North Face, have come to Alameda and more are coming, such as Target, bringing jobs to Alameda. Tough fiscal policies have allowed these improvements to occur, while maintaining a balanced budget. As your councilmember, I will continue to ensure that any new development, including Alameda Point, is done in a manner which enhances our quality of life and is not a financial burden to our community. I would be honored to have your vote November 6.
Age: 46
Occupation: Urban planner
My education and qualifications are: "Think positive: plan ahead." That's the motto of my campaign. I am running for City Council to bring City Hall and our community together, to put us on the same page. If we stay positive, plan ahead, and work together, we can accomplish so much, including implementing the best City Hall pension-reform plans. When I was on City Council (1996-2006), I took pride in listening to and working closely with residents on a range of issues, having led successful projects including the development of Bayport at Alameda Point and the creation of the "traffic safety toolkit" to make crossing streets safer for schoolchildren and the elderly. What will aid me in working closely with residents is the fact that I am an urban planner by profession, with a Master's degree in city planning from UC Berkeley. I also earned my Bachelor's from Berkeley. And, I love Alameda. I grew up in and continue to reside in the West End: the Farmers' Market is literally in front of my home, so, if elected, you can shop for farm-fresh produce and chat with your Councilman. Daysog4Council2012.com or 510-864-7593. Thank you.
Occupation: City of Alameda Healthcare District Director; Doctor of Chiropractic
My education and qualifications are: My primary goal in running for City Council is to preserve and improve the quality of life in Alameda. This is our home and it has been good to us. My wife and I raised both of our children here. They attended Alameda public schools and grew up with the benefit of our parks, libraries, and hospital. I believe such facilities are important, and I pledge to work to keep them accessible to all Alamedans. I believe that everyone has a right to these freedoms and amenities. We achieve this as a community by electing city officials who care about people's needs and work towards them. Twelve years ago, I decided to devote some of my time to public service - not to do something grand, but to help wherever I could. I served two terms on the Social Service and Human Relations Board, one term on the County's Human Relations Commission, and in November 2010 I was elected to the City of Alameda Health Care District Board. Now I want to use my experience and energy to represent and serve our community as a councilmember. Vote for me, Dr. Stewart Chen, on November 6 and let me be your voice. Stewartchen.org
Occupation: Alameda Golf Commissioner, Lawyer
Age: 57
My education and qualifications are: As chair of the Alameda Golf Commission, my goals were to preserve our heritage and to secure our future. I led the opposition to the plan to dismember the Golf Complex and turn the par-three course over to a developer. I also championed the effort to select an ecologically and economically sound long-term operator. Preserving our heritage and securing our future also will be my goals as a Councilmember. The problems facing Alameda are difficult - but not insoluble. Renewal of Alameda Point must be jump-started. The City budget must be brought under control. Blaming previous Councils for stalled development and swollen budgets doesn't cut it. Nor does bemoaning the obstacles we must overcome. Let's get all the options on the table - and out in the open. I will be an independent voice of reason beholden neither to City staff nor to special interests. I will ferret out the facts before I offer an opinion. And I will rely on persuasion rather than intimidation to get results. I was born in Fargo, North Dakota, and graduated from Brown University and Harvard Law School. I moved to this great community in 1998, and want it to thrive and prosper. Website: www.jane4council.com.
Occupation: Attorney/Community Mediator
My Living in Alameda the last 25 years, I have seen our island flourish. I have always taken an active role in making Alameda a better place to live, work, and play, whether it was serving as President of the League of Women Voters, assisting the City's Sunshine Task Force, co-producing the Asian Pacific Islander Cultural Festival, or chairing our City's Bike to Work Day. A leader in our city's business organizations, I work to revitalize our business districts and sustain the locally owned businesses that serve our families. As a former assistant city attorney drafting laws and advising a city council, I have learned how government works. We must preserve Alameda's unique quality of life by continuing to provide valued community services to all from youth to seniors. As your Councilmember, I will work to ensure the safety and security of our residents, promote economic development, continue the partnership with our schools, and exercise fiscal accountability. You can count on me to be accessible, effective, and committed to the future of our great city. It would be an honor to serve you on the City Council and I respectfully ask for your vote. www.JeffCambra.com