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Inheriting the City Award Statement
Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age: New York: Russell Sage & Harvard University Press, a jointly co-authored work by Philip Kasinitz, John H. Mollenkopf, Mary C. Waters, and Jennifer Holdaway, is the winner of the 2010 American Sociological Association's Distinguished Book Award.Inheriting the City describes the results of a decade-long study, funded by the National Institute for the Study of Child Health and Development, the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the UJA-Federation of Greater New York, and the MacArthur Foundation.The authors conducted 3,415 telephone interviews and 330 open-ended follow-up interviews of five immigrant-origin young adults and three native-born comparison groups, aged 18-32.They compare the children of Dominican, West Indian, South American, Chinese, and Russian-Jewish immigrants with native-born black, white, and Latino New Yorkers in order to determine both the costs and benefits of immigrant status.In a crisply written style that combines a description of survey data results with compelling visual presentations of data and excerpts from their in-depth interviews, Inheriting the City is an important contribution to scholarship on the life chances and trajectory of recent immigrants in America, a book that the selection committee felt was a seminal contribution to the literature on the immigrant experience.Inheriting the Children also makes an important contribution to public sociology because it provides an accessible answer to many of the questions currently being hotly debated in the public sphere; specifically, How do immigrants from a variety of diverse countries-of-origin compare to their native-born counterparts in terms of their educational aspirations and achievements, labor market participation, family formation, assimilation, and civic and political engagement?
The major conclusion of Inheriting the City is that overall, the children of immigrants are doing better than their parents; they are overwhelmingly fluent in English, have higher high school and college graduation rates, and they are less occupationally segregated than their parents.Compared with their native-born peers, second and 1.5 generation New Yorkers are more likely to grow up with two parents, to continue living with their parents into adulthood, to have lower arrest rates, to have higher educational attainment, and higher incomes than the native-born comparison groups.Second-generation immigrant's deployment of multi-generational households and lower rates of single-headed households combined with their lower probability of living in neighborhoods of concentrated poverty contributed to their advantageous socio-economic trajectories, relative to native-born comparison groups.
Although all second and 1.5 generation immigrants were doing better than native-born comparison groups and better than their parents, there was considerable variation between immigrants by ethnicity.Dominicans, the largest immigrant group in New York, had lower earnings and education and higher rates of marriage and cohabitation than other groups.Chinese and Russian Jewish immigrants had relatively higher earnings and occupational attainment, and are more likely than other second generation immigrants to postpone marriage and having children.Of the immigrant second and 1.5-generation groups, West Indians were more likely to vote and to be engaged in civic life, particularly in comparison with Chinese and Russian immigrants who were least likely to report voting or other forms of civic engagement.The children of immigrants report experiencing prejudice and discrimination, and as with African Americans, West Indians are more likely than other immigrants to report having faced discrimination.The authors conclude with a consideration of the support their results provide for a pattern of selective acculturation among recent immigrants, in contrast to the relative absence of acculturation in the European context.Almost all the young people studied spoke English well and maintained limited transnational ties in the form of remittances, compared with their parents.However, interview data bespoke a pride and interest in ethnic identity that lead the authors to conclude that, "cultural differences…seem demonstrably easier to both maintain and overcome than they did in the past" (Pp. 273).
Philip Kasnitz is Professor of Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center and Hunter College.His previous books include Caribbean New York: Black Immigrants and the Politics of Race and Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the Second Generation, which he edited with Mollenkopf and Waters.John Mollenkopf is a Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center.He has written or edited thirteen books on urban politics, urban policy, immigration, and New York City.Mary C. Waters is the M. E. Zukerman Professor of Sociology at Harvard University.She is the author or editor of numerous books and articles on immigration and race and ethnic ethnicity, including Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and Immigrant Realities, which was the recipient of five scholarly awards, and most recently, the New Americans: A Guide to Immigration Since 1965.Jennifer Holdaway is Program Director for the Migration Program at the Social Science Research Council (SSRC), and also represents the SSRC on projects related to China.She received her Ph.D. in Political Science from the CUNY Graduate Center, where she worked at the Center for Urban Research on the study for Inheriting the City.


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When the predecessor to the Urban Land Institute (ULI) was founded in 1936, its first president conceived of an organisation where the ingredients were businessmen with knowledge, experience, and a philosophy about the problems of the urban growth and decay of the city.
The following timeline ULI outlines ULI's accomplishments to date.
1930s and 1940s: The Founding Decades and Early Postwar Years
A fledgling ULI emerges as an independent organisation designed to help U.S. land developers—a place where practical knowledge is gathered, shared, and expanded.
December 14, 1936: The National Real Estate Foundation for Practical Research and Education—the predecessor to the Urban Land Institute—is chartered in Illinois, with Walter S. Schmidt as its first president. The model is that of a real estate college—a school of urbiculture—that could stand as an objective and recognised source of research and education, governed by a board of real estate professionals.
1937: The headquarters is established at 22 West Monroe Street in Chicago.
December 20, 1939: The group's name is changed to the Urban Land Institute, and its charter is amended; ULI's first annual budget is $60,000.
1940: ULI prints its first two publications: Decentralization: What Is It Doing to Our Cities? and The Present and Ultimate Effect of Decentralization upon American Cities.
1940: An early internal bulletin outlines the group's mission: "The Urban Land Institute . . . has been established to assist American cities in their problems of planning, replanning, construction, and reconstruction."
1941: First ULI conference is held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, on the topic "The Principles of City Re-Planning." The conference focuses mainly on planning for post–World War II America and how to solve the problems of inner-city blight. First membership figure (207) is recorded.
1942: ULI first enters the advocacy field with the publication Outline for a Legislative Program to Rebuild Our Cities and begins operating out of its first Washington, D.C., headquarters on K Street, NW.
1944: ULI forms its first council, the Community Builders' Council. Organised by J.C. Nichols and Hugh Potter, the council is devoted to addressing the issues that American cities would face during the post–World War II suburban building boom. The council's work constitutes an early example of the sharing and lessons-learned approach that later comes to define much of ULI's council and advisory services programs, conferences, and publications.
1945: Central Business District Council (ULI's second council) is formed to stimulate vigorous and attractive development of CBDs. (Its name is changed to Central City Council in 1961.)
1947: Panel Advisory Service program is established, embodying the ULI founding principle of sharing by providing interdisciplinary panels of ULI members—all of whom donate their time—to help communities address land use and real estate development issues. The first panel is conducted for the city of Louisville, Kentucky.
1950s: Growth of Membership and Advisory Services
ULI and its growing number of members introduce pioneering concepts, including the shopping centre, planned industrial districts, and planned communities; members of the Institute's councils share "mistakes made, lessons learned" and offer advice to others through panel services and plan analysis sessions.
1950: J.C. Nichols Foundation—the precursor of what eventually becomes the ULI Foundation—is established to make annual awards to university students for practical research in the field of community improvement.
1959: ULI begins its first shopping centre cost study.
The decade is marked by the development of concepts and basic data on taxation and land use relationships. ULI also pioneers new approaches to residential land development, planned unit development, homeowners associations, and open-space communities. By 1965, more than 50 panel studies have been completed.
1960: ULI's research program is established with the initial objective of developing "a better understanding of the underlying forces which produce urban change." Five related, multiyear studies include a comparative study of land uses in declining and stable areas; real estate taxation; the use and power of eminent domain; zoning and subdivision regulation; and urban expressways.
1964: Ford Foundation awards ULI a $25,000 grant to measure and analyse three basic dimensions of metropolitan-area growth and change.
1965: ULI's sustaining members gather outside the United States for the first time, holding their fourth biennial meeting in Mexico City.
1967: The Community Builders Council hosts the Institute's first European study tour; 42 members visit 15 cities in 32 days.
1969: ULI holds its first annual sustaining member meeting, the Land Use Symposium, in Miami. A record 534 members attend.
The number of councils expands, and the Institute's flagship awards program is born. In the early 1970s, the ULI Fellows program is established to recognise and attract leading academic researchers and educators in the fields of real estate development and finance.
1970: Urban Land Research Foundation (which later becomes the Urban Land Foundation, then the ULI Foundation) is created to enhance ULI's research effort and help meet the rising need for an expanding, more accessible body of development information. ULF's original 17 governors each demonstrate their commitment to the Institute's future by contributing $50,000 to the foundation's endowment. Its first two grants are to help expand the Community Builders Handbook series.
1970: Community Builders Council hosts the Institute's first study tour of "the Orient, Far East, and South Pacific."
1974: ULI and the Financial Times co-sponsor a two-day World Property Conference in London; membership grows to 6,347.
1976: During ULI's 40th anniversary year, the Institute's annual budget grows to more than $1.5 million.
1979: ULI Awards for Excellence—the flagship award program for the real estate industry—begins. The first winner is the Galleria in Houston. In its first three years, the programme grants one award each year.
1979: The number of councils expands from six to nine.
1980s: Expanding Outreach at the Local and Regional Levels
A network of regional councils is established to support ULI's work at the local level; membership grows from less than 9,500 in 1985 to 14,000 by the close of the decade.
1982: Awards for Excellence program expanded to grant two awards each year—one for a large-scale project and the other for a small-scale project.
1983: Regional council programme is created. Beginning with seven councils—Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle—the programme grows to more than 50 District Councils in North America (including one in Mexico and two in Canada) and more than a dozen National Councils around the globe.
1986: District Councils are created.
1986: ULI's first annual Real Estate School is held. The school offers current and aspiring real estate professionals opportunities to learn about real estate development from expert faculty in intensive, four-day courses. Emphasising a real-world perspective, each course provides students with practical, hands-on knowledge and information.
1988−1999: Annual budget grows to $11.5 million.
1989: Heritage Award is introduced to the Awards for Excellence programme to recognise projects that have established an industry standard for excellence and have been completed for at least 25 years. The first Heritage Award goes to New York City's Rockefeller Center.
Membership begins the decade above 15,000, but drops to 12,372 in 1993 before beginning a slow but steady rise to close the decade back around 15,000; District Councils begin local outreach efforts, focusing on "ULI in the community." Global outreach efforts expand exponentially. Smart growth focus begins.
1990: Six new councils are established, including the International Council, bringing the total number of councils to 25 and the number of council members to 1,250.
1990: Dilemmas of Development, ULI's first high school curriculum unit, is introduced to help students explore the decisions and choices that must be made in the planning and approval process for a large suburban development.
1991: UrbanPlan, ULI's second high school curriculum unit, is developed, produced, and distributed, funded in part by a National Geographic Society Education Foundation grant.
1992: The Institute's first two European District Councils are established in London and Barcelona.
February 1992: Richard M. Rosan is hired as the executive vice president of ULI (his title is later changed to president). Rosan comes to ULI following a 22-year career in the public and private sectors in New York City, including service as the city's economic development director. He replaces David E. Stahl, who held the job for 4.5 years. Stahl also held the post for four years in the mid-1970s.
1993: ULI kicks off a three-year, $1 million Inner-City Community Building programme to expand the Institute's participation in urban revitalisation efforts.
1994: Education program offers professional development certificates (the Real Estate Development Certificate and the Real Estate Development Finance Certificate) for the first time to real estate professionals who complete the required combination of ULI Real Estate School courses, workshops, or seminars. Since then, more than 600 people have applied to the programme, and more than 200 have earned certificates.
1994: First annual Bowen H. "Buzz" McCoy Symposium on Real Estate Finance brings together some of the best minds in the real estate business to discuss trends in the equity markets, global capital markets, and financial policy issues.
1994: An International Award is introduced to the Awards for Excellence programme, for a project outside the United States and Canada. The first International Award goes to Broadgate in London.
1995: Urban Land Foundation celebrates its 25th anniversary, having granted a total of almost $4 million to ULI's research, education, and advisory services programmes.
1995: ULI Online premieres, providing members with direct electronic access to key resources, experts, and services.
1996: The ULI Senior Resident Fellows programme is created to enhance the Institute's role as an influential voice in the real estate industry and improve the quality of land use and development worldwide. It is established with a $1 million endowment from Joseph C. Canizaro to create the Joseph C. Canizaro Chair for Public Policy. William H. Hudnut III is hired to fill the position. (Subsequent gifts from J. Ronald Terwilliger; the Matthew and Carolyn Bucksbaum Family Foundation; and the Martin Bucksbaum Family Foundation, James D. Klingbeil, and numerous ULI members in honour of Charles Fraser, followed in 2001, 2002, and 2004, respectively, to endow other senior resident fellow positions. As of 2011, ULI has four senior resident fellows who specialise in real estate finance, housing, environmental issues, and urban development.)
1996: First ULI Mayors' Forum is held in Washington, D.C.; this and future forums offer mayors and other city officials an opportunity to meet with private sector development leaders to seek solutions to urban problems.
1996: ULI headquarters relocates to 1025 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW, in Washington, D.C.
1998: Annual operating income increases to almost $30 million, from $10 million in 1992.
2000 to 2011: Facing the Challenges of a New Millennium
Membership starts the decade at nearly 16,000, rises exponentially to more than 40,000 in 2008—sparked in part by concurrent gains in the general economy and the explosive growth of the real estate industry—before declining after the recession begins to just under 30,000 in 2010. Funding from the ULI Foundation helps maintain ULI's research and education programmes through the economic downturn. The Institute's presence expands worldwide—with offices in Europe and Asia—as well as online. Focus on smart growth and sustainability continues. New programs, awards, and centres are created to anticipate and meet the evolving needs of the land use community in the 21st century.
July 2000: ULI J.C. Nichols Prize for Visionaries in Urban Development is established to recognise a person, or a person representing an institution, whose career demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards of responsible development. Joseph Riley, mayor of Charleston, South Carolina, is chosen as the first laureate.
July 2000: Number of councils grows to a total of 39, including Europe, Japan, and South America councils.
2001: ULI Europe office opens in Brussels, Belgium.
2001: First Young Leaders Group is established by the Houston District Council to attract new members age 35 and younger. Within four years, the programme has expanded to most District Councils.
2002: The annual ULI/Gerald D. Hines Student Urban Design Competition is established; the first competition is held in spring 2003. This competition offers graduate-level students the opportunity to form multidisciplinary teams and engage in a challenging exercise in responsible land use.
2004: ULI Europe office moves to London.
June 2004: ULI Awards for Excellence: Europe competition is inaugurated, with the same criteria and a similar selection process, juried by Europe-based ULI members.
November 2004: Community Action Grants programme is created; six grants are awarded in the first funding round. The program awards up to $200,000 in seed capital from the ULI Foundation Annual Fund to District Councils or individual council members for entrepreneurial programs that aim to improve urban growth in their communities.
2004: First online ULI Professional Development programme—Financing and Investing in Real Estate—appears.
May 2005: ULI Awards for Excellence: Asia Pacific competition is inaugurated.
June 2005: First World Cities Forum is held in London.
November 2005: After Hurricane Katrina, ULI works with Mayor Ray Nagin's Bring New Orleans Back Commission to develop an overall framework for the city's rebuilding process so that city leaders could begin to develop detailed plans and strategies for its future.
November 2005: ULI Global Awards for Excellence competition is inaugurated.
January 2006: Eight District Councils receive grants to support the creation of alliances to promote smart growth development principles through a collaborative effort between the Environmental Protection Agency's Development, Community, and Environment Division and ULI.
2006: Mission statement and guiding principles are expanded and updated.
2006: First professional development webinar is offered.
2007: The ULI Foundation annual fund reaches $1 million.
February 2007: ULI Terwilliger Center for Workforce Housing is created with a $5 million gift from former chairman J. Ronald Terwilliger—the largest individual contribution ever made to the Institute. The center aims to support the development of housing affordable to moderate-income workers.
April 2007: Staff is reorganised to create a global governance structure encompassing three regions worldwide (the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific).
November 2007: Asia Pacific office opens in Hong Kong.
November 2007: Washington, D.C., headquarters office receives Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification from the U.S. Green Building Council.
December 2007: First Middle East professional development seminar—Fundamentals of Real Estate Modeling—held in Dubai.
April 2008: First professional development workshop held in Asia: Developing Sustainable Communities.
May 2008: ULI Daniel Rose Center for Public Leadership is created with a $5 million commitment from Daniel Rose; the centre's mission is to empower public sector leaders to envision, build, and sustain successful 21st-century communities by providing access to information, best practices, peer networks, and other resources to foster creative, efficient, and sustainable land use practices.
September 2008: ULI, along with several private and public sector partners, launches a new European joint venture—the Urban Investment Network—which combines city government leaders and institutional investors and developers in a new partnership aimed at driving up the rate of investment in Europe's cities through public/private collaboration and innovation.
October 2008: First annual J. Ronald Terwilliger Workforce Housing Models of Excellence Awards are given to workforce housing developments that represent outstanding achievements in several areas, including innovative financing, unique construction methodologies, strong public/private partnerships, and replicability. In 2009, these are renamed the Jack Kemp Workforce Housing Models of Excellence Awards.
August 2009: Patrick L. Phillips, president and chief executive officer of ERA AECOM (formerly Economics Research Associates), is selected as ULI's new chief executive officer; existing CEO Richard M. Rosan becomes president of the ULI Foundation.
September 2009: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development awards ULI—through the ULI Terwilliger Center for Workforce Housing—a $3.15 million grant to provide technical assistance for the federal government's Neighborhood Stabilization Program, which assists communities with the acquisition, rehabilitation, and resale of foreclosed homes.
2009: ULI Center for Capital Markets and Real Estate is established.
March 2010: ULI Amanda Burden Urban Open Space Award is created to celebrate and promote vibrant, successful urban open spaces.
2011: The ULI Foundation—with 260 governors, 17 special endowments, and a permanent endowment of nearly $50 million—provides a record $5.5 million to support more than 50 percent of ULI's content programming for the year.
June 2011: First annual ULI Real Estate Capital Markets Conference, titled "Real Estate Finance and Investment 2011: New Directions, New Connections," is held in New York City.
July 2011: Two new council flights are added, bringing the total number of councils to 58, including 49 domestic and nine international councils.
October 25−28, 2011: ULI kicks off a yearlong celebration of its 75th anniversary at the Institute's annual Fall Meeting and Urban Land Expo at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.

subset: commoncrawl


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In 1999, Coors Field firmly founded itself as the most prolific offensive ballpark ever created. The Rockies and their opponents combined for 303 home runs, the most ever in a season at one venue, with one or more tenants. The average 1999 score was 8-7. And, like the park's previous seasons, no lead was safe. The Rockies on one occasion lost after relinquishing an eight-run lead. Two days later, they entered the bottom of the ninth down 12-5, but rallied for five runs and stranded the tying run on second.
But while the experts are still debating whether the egg preceded the chicken, one thing is obvious: Offensive baseball came well before Coors Field. Even after the park's inception in 1995, American League teams have consistently compiled higher batting averages and more hits than the Rockies. And, Mark McGwire hit only one of his 70 home runs in Denver during his magical 1998 season. In the park's short lifetime, there's also been a no-hitter and 14 shutouts. Coors was only a small cog in baseball's shift to a hitter's game; it wasn't the catalyst.
But the ball still travels 9 percent farther at 5,280 feet than at sea level. It is estimated that a home run hit 400 feet in sea-level Yankee Stadium would travel about 408 feet in Atlanta and as far as 440 feet in the Mile High City.
However, it's important to note that the wind can easily play a much greater role than altitude in turning fly balls into home runs. The same 400-foot shot, with a 10-mph wind at the hitter's back, can turn into a 430-foot blast. (A 10-mph wind is close to the average prevailing wind in the United States.) So, it's easy to see how a good tailwind can beat high altitude for home-run hitting any day.
Another important effect of altitude on baseball is the influence thinner air has on pitching. In general, curve balls will be a little less snappy, and fastballs will get about an extra six inches of giddy-up due to the decrease in resistance the thinner air provides.
So, fasten your shoulder harnesses, keep both hands on the bar in front you at all times, and enjoy the ride.
Coors Field closed the curtain on a brief but very memorable two-year stint in Mile High Stadium. In 135 dates at Mile High, the Rockies drew 7,701,861 fans (57,051 per game). After drawing 4,483,350 in the '93 inaugural, the Rockies were on pace to shatter that mark in '94, averaging 58,598 through 56 home dates, which would have put the season ending mark at 4,687,840. Despite the year's abrupt end, in two seasons the Rockies had 52 occasions when better than 60,000 paid to watch baseball; 21 times the crowd eclipsed 70,000.


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Compile and Resolve Diagnosed Issues
Compiling the application in big-endian mode still results in a mixed-endian application because the application interacts with system libraries whose byte order is typically dependent on the target architecture, which in this case is little-endian. With the BEC technology it is possible to execute mixed-endian code. One of the requirements when employing the BEC technology is for every type used in the program to have its byte order defined. When the byte order of a type associated with a variable, a parameter, or a structure is undeclared, the compiler uses the default byte order as specified earlier. C and C++ are not type-safe languages and therefore present some challenges in the compiler implementation.
For instance, when a function's prototype is not declared, the function will execute correctly as long as the byte order of the types used in the function declaration and function call are the same. If the byte order does not match, the function may not execute properly because the function argument may not be in the expected byte order. For these cases, the compiler is enhanced to detect such byte order inconsistency and issue a diagnostic. Example 3 shows such an example where the function
foo calls an undeclared function
zee. Assume function
zee is defined to expect one argument whose type is in little-endian byte order. In this case, the function
zee may produce an incorrect result for function
foo when the function
foo is compiled to expect big-endian types. In general, for mixed-endian code use of function prototypes is essential. The warning message
#266 generated from the compiler is to encourage such programming practice.
int foo(int x) { zee(x); return 0; } >$ icc -big-endian -c test.c test.c(3): warning #266: function "zee" declared implicitly zee(x);
Example 3: Undeclared function (Source: Intel Corporation),
The byte order of a pointer has two aspects, the byte order of the pointer type itself and the byte order of the pointed-to data type. For example, Example 4 shows a case where the compiler generates a diagnostic when the byte order of the pointed-to data type is different in an assignment statement.
#pragma byte_order (push, bigendian) int *z; #pragma byte_order (pop) int foo(int *x) { z = x; return 0; } >$ icc -c -littleendian test1.c test1.c(6): warning #1696: implicit pointer conversion changes byte order of the pointed-to types from "int" to "bigendian int" z = x;
Example 4: Byte order difference of pointed-to types (Source: Intel Corporation).
Specifically, the pointer,
z, points to a big-endian integer, which is declared by the explicit pragma declaration. The pointer,
x, points to a little-endian integer whose byte order is specified by the command line. Therefore, dereferencing of the assigned pointer (
z) may result in reading the value in the opposite byte order as was intended. Warning
#1696 is emitted by the compiler in these cases and must be heeded in order to produce correctly executing code. To address these warnings, the code should be modified to convert the pointed to data to have a type with the same byte order before assigning. For structures and bit fields the compiler also implements byte order-specific warnings. Example 5 lists a structure in which the big-endian and little-endian bit fields are allocated differently in their containers. Big-endian bit fields are allocated from high to low bit, while little-endian bit fields are allocated from low to high bit. As a result, big-endian and little-endian bit fields allocated to the same container could potentially overwrite each other. Therefore, the compiler issues an error when it detects a structure containing both big-endian and little-endian bit fields. To address these issues, ensure all bit fields contained in the structure have the same byte order.
typedef __attribute__((bigendian)) int be_int; typedef __attribute__((littleendian)) int le_int; struct foo { be_int x:16; le_int y:16; }; >$ icc -c -little-endian test2.c: Test2.c(6): error #1700: adjacent bit fields have different byte order le_int y:16;
Example 5: Byte order difference of Bit fields (Source: Intel Corporation).
The BEC technology allows a byte order to be attributed to the
void type. This extension alleviates potential issues casting through the
void type where the original and final casted types are of opposite byte order. Example 6 shows a potential error case caused by the
void type. The specific issue is that a
void pointer defined in a big-endian context is passed to a function that expects a pointer that points to a little-endian variable. There is a risk that the
void pointer points to a big-endian variable. To alleviate this problem, the compiler is enhanced to issue a diagnostic in this case. Since this checking is off by default, option
-diag-enable 2324 should be used to turn it on. To address this issue, ensure the pointed-to type for each function argument and function parameter has the same byte order.
#pragma byte_order (push, littleendian) typedef int myleint; void func(myleint *arg); #pragma byte_order (pop) #pragma byte_order (push, bigendian) void *void_var1; #pragma byte_order(pop) int main() { func(void_var1); return 0; } >$ icc -c -little-endian -diag-enable 2324 test3.c test3.c(10): warning: implicit pointer conversion (involving void) may change byte order of the pointed-to types from "bigendian void" to "myleint" func(void_var1);
Example 6: Byte order difference of void type (Source: Intel Corporation).
Finally, conversion between pointers to values of different sizes (for example from
int * to
char *), while safe in code that employs little-endian types, may result in an incorrect pointed-to value in code that employs big-endian types and executes on a little-endian processor. Standard compiler diagnostics are extended to account for pointer casts of different sizes. One method of addressing this class of issue is to explicitly convert the source and destination pointed to values to little endian before the cast.
Employ Symbol Consistency Checking
The second step in porting is to employ the symbol consistency checking utility and resolve identified incompatibilities between different compilation units. To perform symbol consistency checking, compile the sources with the
-symcheck option and feed the resulting executable to the BEC symbol consistency checking tool.
Consider cases where symbol incompatibility exists and why they would cause problems for applications. As was previously described, the compiler makes automatic code adjustments based on the byte order information available through type declarations and function prototypes. While the compiler checks for correctness in a compilation unit, it knows nothing about interactions across different units. The BEC symbol consistency checking tool verifies that global symbols referencing the same variable have bi-endian compatible types across all compilation units and reports incompatibilities if they exist. Two types are considered bi-endian compatible when they are compatible according to the C language specification and have either the same byte order or are byte order agnostic. Thus, if a global symbol has type A in one compilation unit and type B in a second, the types should be bi-endian compatible to guarantee proper functioning of an application. The BEC symbol consistency checking tool verifies that global symbols with the same name have bi-endian compatible types across all compilation units compiled with
-symcheck and reports incompatibilities.
An example of bi-endian incompatible types is the case of two types with different byte order. Assume you have included header file "i.h" with a declaration of a global variable
g in two compilation units compiled with different default byte order. As a result, the symbo
l g is attributed as little-endian in one compilation unit and big-endian in another. The BEC symbol consistency checking tool reports the error listed in Example 7.
To address the identified issue, the declarations would need to be modified to have the same byte order.
bepostld: error #32600: symbol 'g' type differs between modules First declared at t2.c(2) Later redeclared at i.h included from t1.c(1) Error reason: incompatible endianess: __attribute__((littleendian)) declared at t2.c(2) is not compatible with __attribute__((bigendian)) declared at i.h included from t1.c(1)
Example 7: Symbol consistency error example (Source: Intel Corporation).
The utility diagnoses other problems that may affect application correctness including mismatching type size, number of function arguments, and field offset. Typically, to help ensure correct execution of the application, one needs to address all the errors reported by the tool. These diagnostics serve a useful purpose in helping the developer correct issues before they result in difficult-to-debug execution time problems.
Manual Review and Debug
The third porting step is to conduct a manual review of the code and debug using BEC-enabled debuggers. There are parts of the code that cannot always be automatically checked for byte order consistency. For example, Example 8 illustrates a case where inlined assembler code that manipulates C variables receives automatic adjustment of the byte order by the compiler.
However if the source code of the application contains assembler instructions that directly manipulate big-endian data in memory, the source code must be modified to assume the little-endian byte order of the target architecture.
#include <stdio.h> int main(){ int __attribute__((littleendian)) i = 1; int __attribute__((bigendian)) j = 0; // The asm code below sets j = i; asm ("movl %1, %%eax;" "movl %%eax, %0;" :"=r"(j) :"r"(i) :"%eax"); printf("i = %d, j = %d\n", i, j); return 0; } $ icc -o test.exe -big-endian test.c $ ./test.exe i = 1, j = 1
Example 8: Assembly language byte order example (Source: Intel Corporation).
Other examples of problematic code that require manual review are: overlapping union fields specified to have different byte order, bit fields operated on in bulk, and other operations on data that disregard the specified data type.
To help users catch byte order-specific issues the Intel debugger (
idb) is employed. It is capable of displaying values of various byte orders correctly. Consider two global variables of different byte order defined in a source file test.c as listed in Example 9.
int __attribute__((bigendian)) bi = 1; int __attribute__((littleendian)) li = 1;
Example 9: Byte order of global variables (Source: Intel Corporation).
The option
-debug biendian enables the compiler to produce additional debug information for correct display of big-endian data:
icc -g -debug biendian -big-endian test.c
After compilation the executable can be debugged using idb. A debug session will display the byte order and correct value as shown in Example 10.
(idb) whatis bi type = int __be (idb) p bi $1 = 1 (idb) whatis li type = int (idb) p li $2 = 1 (idb)
Example 10: Debugger console view of variables (Source: Intel Corporation).
Porting Effort
Table 1 details statistics on the effort to port various applications. These applications were ported by compiling them with the
-big-endian option and following the steps detailed previously. 19 C/C++ SPEC 2006 applications were ported.
|Total Lines of Code
|Modified Lines of Code
Table 1: Porting statistics (Data source: Intel Corporation, 2011).
As shown, half of the applications required changes amounting to 10 lines of code or less. Large applications require an increased number of changes, but these changes are still relatively small compared with the overall size of the application. All of these applications except one executed correctly after completion of the first porting step (address the default bi-endian-specific compiler diagnostics). One remaining application required manual changes. The overall porting of most of the applications took less than one hour each (for an experienced BEC user); the most complex cases took up to a day. A typical amount of training for a new user amounts to approximately three days.


text:
Before I go to bed let me quickly present the first prototype of the semantic save dialog:
I tried to take into account the great ideas you all gave me, the mockups provided by some of you (very nice work). Of course my current QWidget-based design does not allow to easily create some of the fancier things that were suggested but that can be done later on once the functionality is all there.
There is still a lot of work to be done but the first version is working and I can go to bed now.


text:
Ghost Little Money Box
Décor Design Focus: Ghost Little Money Box
A Good Décor design example, the Ghost Little is a creative Money Box design. Ghost Little was designed in 2009, and here is a how it is described by its designer: The Ghost Little is a little version of Ghost Big. I personally think that it looks like a cookie or a tooth as well.. I wanted to make an over simplification of cartoon ghosts in three dimensions and came up with this designs. Looks like a cute animal when positioned horizontally.
Ghost Little Money Box Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to A Design News homepage.


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I am Tamas from Hungary. I am beginner java developer and i have got a little problem with inheritance. My source code:
package oroklodes;
class MyClass {
private int anInt=4;
public String toString() {
return "Instance of myClass.anInt"+anInt;
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass act = new MyClass();
The program is not working because i get an error message!! The message is:
Error: Could not find or load main class oroklodes.MyClass
I would be happy if somebody knew the solution.


text:
Drawing in trusses into your SketchUp model can be a time consuming process. Fortunately, Medeek Truss Plugin makes it quick and easy to get great looking Trusses in just a few clicks!
Check out the Medeek website here.
Drawing in trusses into your SketchUp model can be a time consuming process. Fortunately, Medeek Truss Plugin makes it quick and easy to get great looking Trusses in just a few clicks!
Check out the Medeek website here.
And we're back! This time on SketchUp Live, Aaron and Josh deep-dive into the exciting word of operating sy...
Here are Aaron's personal favorite general-purpose extensions for SketchUp.
Let's talk LayOut! In this video, we are looking at how to import files other than SketchUp files into LayOut.
In this video, we're going to walk you through how you can separate out your daylight and energy analysis to get quicker results in Sefaira for SketchUp.
In this video, we are going to talk about how you can identify whether your walls, doors, floors, windows or roofs have been tagged properly for Sefaira within SketchUp.
In this video, we're making a brick wall! Sound easy? Well, we are going to take it up a notch and dive into how to create this model using the texture of a real brick wall. Tune in for some tips!
We're still working our way through our LayOut series. In this video, we are going to cover presentation mode. This is a way to view, display, or share your LayOut file right within LayOut.
It's time to learn some more about Sefaira. In this video, we're going to talk about how you can assign different space types using SketchUp and Sefaira.
Today we are drawing a chain! We have some cool examples in here about repeating components and scaling. Check it out to learn some workflow tips and tricks.
Welcome to the 3D Warehouse! Check out this video to learn how to get started and how to utilize it in your workflow.
Continuing on with our LayOut series, in this video, we talk about how to get started with scrapbooks in LayOut.
In this video, we take a look at how you can leverage SketchUp and LayOut to generate quick outputs.
In this video, we take a look at Scaled Drawings. This is a newer functionality that lets you draw at scale inside of LayOut. Follow along and take a look at how this works.
Based on user feedback from forum user @boxx, this Skill Builder is all about temporarily using groups to manipulate geometry.
We're working our way through the basics of LayOut so for this video, we are moving on to drawing shapes. In this video, we will be drawing shapes using the line tool and some shape tools - and we wil
In this video, we are going to take a look at the basics of creating dovetails. This video comes to us by a user request - and can be used in many different workflows. Follow along and learn more.
We're talking some more about LayOut in this video! For this one, we are focusing only on dimensions since there is so much to learn.
In this live video, we model a subdivided car! Tune in to this replay for some tips and tricks!
In this video, we will be looking at pages, layers, and tags in LayOut. We will look through how they all work separately and how they all work together. Dive in and start learning!
How do you draw a weld that looks real in SketchUp? Follow along as we show you how to do it!
Welcome back to our LayOut series! In this video, we dive into how you bring a SketchUp model into LayOut.


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Do you need help? Please call us at 314-965-0046.
(314) 965-0046
Available in 4, 5, 6, 8 & 10mm widths. Made in platinum & 18KT yellow, red and palladium white gold.
Give your a name and set your privacy level.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
Our name, in Italian, says it all... per Amore... for love. Wedding bands crafted with loving care for your most important day and deepest feelings. When the ceremony is over, the flowers wilted, the wedding guests gone, and the years tumble by, it's your wedding bands that remain as the symbol of your most intense emotion. Our product, like our mission, is all about passion and creating quality jewelry that remains distinctive and eternal.
There are many great reasons to do business with Summa Jewelers. Please email us for information about our special offers and unique customer service benefits.
We are more than happy to help you find the perfect piece within our extensive quality selections to celebrate all your special occasions, holidays and milestones.
Share this page with your friends or loved ones.
Don't leave them guessing! Send that special someone a hint.


text:
Listed below are the Northern England jobs currently advertised on jobs.ac.uk. Here you can browse through the many vacancies available, or Job Search the site to find more Northern England employment opportunities suitable for you.
At jobs.ac.uk we advertise job vacancies for posts all over the North - including jobs in Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester and Hull - in dozens of occupations such as jobs in teaching, finance jobs and health jobs.
Job Search at jobs.ac.uk for jobs in the North, and in the UK and worldwide.


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The Uplyme Debate
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Joined: 27 Dec 2014
Posts: 1
Location: Uplyme
Posted: 03/01/15, 12:07
Post subject: Uplyme & Lyme Regis Hort Soc Programme 2015
Lots going on in 2015! See below, and local press for more details.
Jan 28th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Grown in Dagenham growing food in the city by Alice Holden
Feb 25th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Hidden Gardens of London (their history & ambience) by Bob Ayers
March 6th (Fri) 7pm Fun packed evening of Food and Ferret Racing
Entry £8.50 to include Spice n Rice Curry Tickets 01297 444034/34733 or Uplyme Post Office All bets £1 Cash prizes
March 25th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Preparing for the Show bench
Cookery, Wine and Preserves with Jo Osment - Show Judge
April 14th (Tuesday) Coach trip to NT Stourhead
Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 9.30am World-famous Palladian Mansion and landscape garden - its centrepiece a magnificent lake reflecting classical temples, mystical grottoes, and rare and exotic trees. NT members £11 Non NT £20
Please ring Rob Harvey 01297 631664 to book by April 7th
April 22nd (Wed) 7.30pm Talk British Owls, their Natural History and Practical Conservation by Chris Sperring (With Live Owls!)
May 9th (Sat) 9.30am -11.30am Plant Sale & Coffee morning.
Donations please of plants and produce (cakes, jam, veg. etc) Entry £1.
May 12th (Tues) Coach trip to Hestercombe nr Taunton. Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 9.45am Hestercombe has three gardens within its 50 acre site a Georgian landscape garden with temples, lakes and cascades, a Victorian terrace and shrubbery and a stunning Edwardian garden designed by Lutyens and Jekyll. Part of the house is now open, & there is a restaurant, tearoom, plant sales & shop. Cost £16 total for coach & admission. Please ring Robin Britton 01297 442794 to book by May 5th
May 27th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk The Social Year of the Honeybee
by Colin Osborne Uplyme Beekeeper. How they collect nectar and pollen. Why they swarm. How we manage the bees to keep them healthy and (hopefully) get them to give us some of their honey. Afterwards there will be a short quiz with the winner taking a prize jar of Uplyme honey
June 9th (Tue) Coach trip to Rosemoor, North Devon
Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 9.30am Rosemoor is the RHS garden in the Southwest, given to the Society in 1988 and much improved and extended since. June should see dramatic displays of roses, but there is also an impressive kitchen garden area, woodland walks, formal and informal garden areas within the 40 acres of the site. Restaurant & café, plant sales and shop provide all the visitor may need.
Cost £15 total for coach & admission.
Please ring Robin Britton 01297 442794 to book by June 2nd
June 24th (Wed) 7.30pm AT WOODMEAD HALLS Talk Castle Drogo Gardens
Castle Drogo was the last castle to be built in England, designed by Edwin Lutyens and finished in 1930. Lutyens also designed the gardens, which had become rather neglected until quite recently. One of the senior gardeners will give us a copiously illustrated talk about the restoration and reinvigoration of the gardens.
July 5th (Sun) Half day Coach trip to Ruggs Farm & The Old Rectory
Two neighbouring NGS Gardens nr Yeovil
Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 1pm. Ruggs Farm 2-acre garden created since 2007 around former farm buildings. Ornamental, kitchen and cottage gardens, lawn and borders, courtyard container planting, orchard, wildlife meadows and pond, woodland plantings and exuberant annuals and perennials throughout. The Old Rectory has a romantic walled garden, formal parterres, herbaceous border plus many unusual shrubs and trees incl 200 yr-old lucombe oak, liriodendron, paulownia, laburnocytisus, leycesteria and poncirus.
Total cost £10 for coach, entry to both gardens & a CREAM TEA.
Please ring Rose Mock 01297 34733 to book by June 28th
July 11th (Sat) 1pm -5pm. Summer Show and Country Fayre. Entry £2 Butterfly themed classes, country skills and stalls. Fancy dress, train rides, dog show, music and refreshments. Extra schedules from local shops. Details Brian Cursley 07831 533580 or 01297 443642 Part profits to to Fortuneswell Cancer Trust, Dorchester.
July 22nd (Wed) 7.30pm Animal Encounters with Jacks Zoo meet a variety of animals, from snakes, frogs and insects to maras, chinchillas and more. Tickets Adults £3.00 Children under 16 £1.50 - from Uplyme Post Office, RNLI shop and the Lottery Kiosk or ring Brian Cursley 07831 533580. Profits to Lifeboat Week.
August 7th (Fri) Coach trip to Taunton Flower Show.
Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 9.30am The Taunton Flower Show has been running since 1831, and has all the elements one would expect show gardens, competitive classes for plants, produce and crafts, a floral marquee, trade stands and events in the arena through the day. We are going on the Friday, the first of the two days, to see the displays at their best. Cost £17 for coach & admission. Please ring Robin Britton 01297 442794 to book by Aug 1st
Aug 26th (Wed) 7.30pm. Talk The Fascinating World of Aroids (Arum family) by Ben Candlin. Keen plantsman and gardener based in Woodbury nr Exeter with a passion for the unusual or exotic especially the Aroid family which he grows,
propagates and sells.
Sept 10th (Thurs) Coach Trip to NT Greenway House and Garden nr Brixham
Depart Uplyme Village Hall at 9.30am Explore this beautiful Georgian mansion in the heart of the English Riviera - beloved holiday home of the much-loved author Agatha Christie - her extensive collections fill the house. In the garden dont miss the large and romantic woodland which drifts down the hillside towards the Dart estuary. The walled gardens are home to the restored peach house and vinery, as well as an allotment cared for by local school children. With beautiful views of the river, it is easy to see why she called it the 'loveliest place in the world'. NT members £11 Non NT £20
Please ring Rose Mock 01297 34733 to book by Sept 3rd
Sept 23rdh (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Unusual Herbaceous Plants by Peter Cantrell from Dayspring Nursery, Exeter. Peter will bring a selection of his favourite plants from his nursery.
Sept 26th (Sat) 2-4pm Autumn Show and Plant Sale.
Schedules at the Summer Show and local shops. Donations please of plants and produce (cakes, jam, veg. etc) Entry £1. Refreshments.
Details Brian Cursley 07831 533580 or 01297 443642
October 6th (Tues) Coach Trip
Details to follow
Oct 28th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk 'More harvests, less weeds, no digging
by Charles Dowding - gardener, writer and teacher. Charles has been growing organic vegetables since 1982, using a no dig approach. His market gardens have ranged from eleven acres to the current fifth of an acre where his fertile beds produce year-round salad leaves and vegetables sold in local shops and restaurants.
Nov 25th (Wed) 7.30pm AGM followed by Talk History of Watercress Production in the UK by Charles Barter Director of The Watercress Company (Dorset & Hampshire)
Jan 27th (Wed) 7.30pm Seed Swap, Quiz and Social Evening
Bring along any unwanted seeds to swap with other members
Feb 24th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Herbs and Aromatic Plants by Becky Groves from Little Groves Nursery Beaminster
March 23rd (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Soft fruit, Pests and Diseases - by Robert Cook, commercial fruit grower from Kent
April 27th (Wed) 7.30pm Talk Organic Vegetable Growing by Brian Hesketh
Sept 28th 2016 7.30pm Talk by Chris Beardshaw - Garden Designer, Author,
TV & radio presenter
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Class is back in session for the Sarasota County School Board. And if board members haven't finished their back to school shopping, they should stock up on black pens and toss out the red.
The board met Tuesday for its first board meeting and monthly work session of the 2013-2014 school year. The new school year began with some good news from Chief Operating Officer Scott Lempe.
Lempe reported that reductions in construction costs statewide had slashed the estimated costs of multiple renovation projects under way at Sarasota schools.
Renovation work at Sarasota County Technical Institute (SCTI), originally forecast to fall between $172 million to $190 million, was revised down to a new price tag of $90.5 million — almost $100 million in potential savings and at least a 50% drop from the original bid. Lempe said that a dramatic drop in construction costs along with smart, practical compromises on building materials and the efficiency of project management, made the difference.
"Everything didn't need to be gold-plated," Lempe said at the meeting. "We never considered increasing the budget to be an option."
Lempe compared the SCTI project to the 2009 renovations at Riverview High School, completed at the height of the recession, noting that the price per square foot of the SCTI renovation was $100 less than Riverview's. SCTI will cost $140 per square foot, compared with $240 per square foot for the 2009 Riverview renovations.
SCTI is not the only School Board project to benefit from the economic turnaround. The renovations at Sarasota Middle School and Laurel Nokomis School, each estimated to cost $10 million, are both approximately $500,000 under budget, Lempe said at Tuesday's work session.
The Venice High School renovations, which include a new culinary arts facility that opened Monday and a new performing-arts center due to open next year, also came in well in the black. The School Board recently approved an $8 million reduction in cost for the $90.5 million project, representing cost savings of 10%.
"That's a credit to the contractor and the construction manager," Lempe said.
The Venice High School renovations also include a new media center designed to encourage student interaction and a revamped front courtyard.
The cost savings from the renovation projects will benefit other Sarasota School Board projects. According to Lempe, the money saved from the SCTI renovation will be re-allocated within the School Board's capital fund to meet other needs such as paying for more school buses, adding technology in the classroom and facility improvements at other area schools.
"Coming in under budget is a big deal," School Board member Jane Goodwin said. "Especially with renovations."
Other topics discussed at Tuesday's meetings included:
• Two new channels will be included in the 2013-2014 line-up for Channel 20 programming. The new channels will provide more in-depth coverage on policy issues and help the School Board educate the public on legislative issues. "This will enhance our partnerships in the community," said School Board member Caroline Zucker. "I'm excited."
• The School Board discussed possibly tightening the belt on charter school funding. No action was taken, but the issue was discussed during a work session meeting.
• The School Board approved a dual-enrollment agreement with State College of Florida, requiring the school district to pay $72.23 per hour for each student enrolled, complying with a new law.
• A task force will report back to the board in several weeks to report its findings on a potential school employee health clinic, district health care costs and worker incentives.
• The School Board reports that the first day of school was a success. "Everything ran smoothly," School Board member Shirley Brown said.
• The Food and Services Department won a national Best Practice Award from the USDA.
The next Sarasota County School Board meeting is scheduled for 6:30 p.m. Sept. 3, at the Landings Administrative Complex, 1980 Landings Blvd., Sarasota.
Residents can call 927-9000 for more information.
Contact Nolan Peterson at [email protected]


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Here you can find the annual reports of Women on Waves. Currently we have 1 part time paid staff member and a lot of volunteers. The members of the Board receive no remuneration, either directly or indirectly. The management receives a salary for the activities carried out.
RSIN nummer: 808436090
If you give us your email we can send you our press releases. These are usually only sent during campaigns. Mehr dazu »
In some countries, you might find that the Women on Web website is censored. Here you can read about several ways you… Mehr dazu »


text:
Drop L Luxury Bottle
Packaging Design Focus: Drop L Luxury Bottle
A Good Packaging design example, the Drop L is a creative Luxury Bottle design. Drop L was designed in 2011, and here is a how it is described by its designer: Drop L is a luxury looking glass or metal bottle with golden finishing, it can be used as an olive oil bottle, beverage bottle and much.
Drop L Luxury Bottle Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to DXGN Design Journal homepage.


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Toyota is conducting a voluntary safety recall of 2.77 million vehicles worldwide over concerns about flaws in the steering and water pump systems of certain of its gasoline and hybrid vehicles.
A report in Bloomberg BusinessWeek cites a Toyota spokesman in Japan who said that the automaker will recall 1.52 million vehicles in Japan and 1.25 million overseas, including an estimated 670,000 Prius vehicles in the United States. The publication said the worldwide recall involves the Prius hybrid and Corolla compact sedan, among 14 models due for inspection and possible repair.
A statement on the Toyota website detailed the U.S. recall of 670,000 Prius hybrids from the 2004 to 2009 model years. The Prius recall involves two separate recall campaigns, both of which will be conducted simultaneously.
Steering shaft issue
Toyota said that all of the 670,000 Prius vehicles will be inspected for a possible flaw in the steering intermediate extension shaft causing the splines connecting the extension shaft to the steering gear box to wear out over time. If required, the shaft will be replaced. The inspection and repair should take about one hour, depending on the dealer's schedule.
Bloomberg quoted a Toyota spokesman who said that the possible steering system defect "may cause a knocking or rattling and possibly a reduction in steering response."
Water pump issue
Some 350,000 of the same Prius models involved in the first recall will also require the replacement of the hybrid system's electric water pump. Toyota said that the electric motor in the water pump may stop functioning, leading to the illumination of warning lights on the instrument panel. In some limited instances, the electric power supply circuit fuse may open. This may cause the hybrid system to stop while the Prius is being driven.
Replacement of the electric water pump should take approximately two hours, depending on the dealer's schedule.
Toyota said that it is not aware of any crashes or injuries as a result of either of these two conditions. Notification letters to owners of 2004-2009 Prius vehicles involved in the campaigns will be sent out via first-class mail in December 2012.
In the meantime, owners of vehicles involved in the campaigns with any questions or concerns may contact Toyota at 1-800-331-4331 or go to www.toyota.com/recall for detailed information.
UPDATE: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has posted a recall notice on its website covering 669,705 2004-2009 Toyota Prius vehicles for the steering shaft issue, NHTSA campaign ID No. 12V537000, and for 350,662 2004-2009 Toyota Prius vehicles for the water pump issue, NHTSA campaign ID No. 12V536000.
Owners of vehicles involved in the campaign may contact NHTSA's Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 or go to http://www.safercar.gov.
This story originally appeared at The Car Connection
Read more posts on The Car Connection »