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Criminal Ratings in GTA San Andreas
The Criminal Rating is a rating level in all games in the GTA III Era based on the criminal activities of the player. In Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, the criminal rating can be viewed in the Stats section in the pause menu. A new game starts the criminal rating at 0. GTA San Andreas did not feature the Media Attention statistic like Vice City did.
- Game progress - For every increment of 0.1% = 1 point (100% completion is worth 1,000 points.)
- For each increment of $5000 = 1 point (Maximum amount of $999,999,999 is worth 199,999 points.)
- For every 1% of accuracy = 5 (Your accuracy is: Bullets that hit/Bullets fired. A 100% accuracy is worth 500 points. NOTE: The game calculates accuracy past your 101st bullet. Before, accuracy points are simply not given.)
- Getting Busted or Wasted = -3 points each time
- Using a cheat = -10 points for each one
- For every legitimate kill = 1 point each after passing a checkpoint
- This is linked to the statistics "People killed since last checkpoint" and "Total legitimate kills" (in Stats > Crimes) instead of increasing immediately the rating, going to what the game defines to be a "checkpoint" (Finishing a mission, going to a Pay 'n' Spray, or saving the game) is required to trigger the criminality point increase (and thus your total legitimate kills), with the amount of points obtained depends on the amount of kills this stat gives (for an example, 5 kills on the said statistic will increase by 5 points the rating after going to the Pay'n'spray). Once the point increase has been applied, the game counts this action as a "checkpoint", resetting the stat "Number of people killed since last checkpoint", increasing the "Total legitimate kills" stat by the value obtained before attaining the checkpoint.
- Running over pedestrians, i.e. ramming down someone with a car, will not be counted as a "legitimate kill", although increasing by 1 your "People you've wasted" stat, which is your true total kill count throughout the game.
- Being killed, arrested will reset your "People killed since last checkpoint" stat to 0, thus all kills you've made before dying will not be registered as "legitimate kills".
- Going to a TransFenders is not a checkpoint.
- This is linked to the statistics "People killed since last checkpoint" and "Total legitimate kills" (in Stats > Crimes) instead of increasing immediately the rating, going to what the game defines to be a "checkpoint" (Finishing a mission, going to a Pay 'n' Spray, or saving the game) is required to trigger the criminality point increase (and thus your total legitimate kills), with the amount of points obtained depends on the amount of kills this stat gives (for an example, 5 kills on the said statistic will increase by 5 points the rating after going to the Pay'n'spray). Once the point increase has been applied, the game counts this action as a "checkpoint", resetting the stat "Number of people killed since last checkpoint", increasing the "Total legitimate kills" stat by the value obtained before attaining the checkpoint.
- Destroying aircrafts = +30 outright, without the need of going to a Pay 'n' Spray or saving the game. Aircraft should be your prime target if you want to increase your score.
- Destroying any other vehicle = +0 (Empty vehicles don't reward you anything. Destroying ground vehicles with a driver and/or passengers in it grants you points only because you killed the peds inside. Privileged targets are cop cars with 2 cops in it, SWAT trucks and FBI Ranchers with 4 agents each in them. Randomly on the road, you will also find some 4-doors with multiple passengers in them. Shoot them on sight if you want!)
Tips to increase the score
- The storyline missions can do you a great favor as finishing them earn points, but consider that in almost all of them, you will kill people, earn money (between end-mission money and money you might earn off your victims), destroy lots of vehicles and sometimes aircraft.
- After completing the storyline missions, you should be left with a nice bank account and a solid 10,000 points at the very least. Of course, doing every side mission will help you climb higher in the criminality ranks.
- Sadly, though, completing everything, even with keeping all the money, won't make you go to the million points. You must know that maxed money alone is worth 199,999 points only in the score, you'll need obviously more to attain the million.
- If you're worried about your accuracy, note that you will get points from killing with vehicle weapons (the Hunter's minigun, the Rhino's cannon, etc...) without effect on your accuracy as you didn't fire bullets from your own weapons. Using explosives do not count either - rockets, grenades, satchels each are counted in the "Kgs of explosives used", not in "bullets fired".
If you wish to increase your criminal rating using other ways, your only solution is to get into a fight with the system and start making a killing spree. Here are a few tips if you want to "start a one-man war".
- Homelands Method
This method is pretty simple. It consists in choosing a secluded place with narrow access, such as a backstreet, or anywhere far away enough from roads, so you can take out easily any intruder coming in, leaving you with clear shots to aircraft incoming.
Weapons recommended: Minigun, M4, Any shotgun except the sawn-off (in case the intruders come close to you), Satchel Charges (if the shotgun is ineffective).
Escape methods: If you need to get out, I would suggest keeping a fast vehicle (preferably a fast motorbike to get out of your hiding place and rush to the Pay'n'Spray)).
Advantages: Natural defense, and possibility to take out intruders quickly
Drawbacks: It happens often, helicopters blasted down can block your way out, if they don't come blasting right next to you.
- My Castle is High
Similar to the Homelands Method, except your main advantage is not in narrow access, but in height itself. Take advantage of your opponents by shooting them from a height.
Recommended area: The pueblo reconstitution in Las Barrancas
Weapons recommended: Minigun, M4, grenades or satchel charges to drop on your enemies, sniper rifle (Optional only, but it's a fun and challenging weapon, especially in high wanted level situations)
Escape methods: If you need to get out from a high place, the solution is simple: use a helicopter, the Hydra, a Jetpack, anything that allowed you or helped you to come to your shooting area.
Advantages: Natural defense, possibility to snipe on your intruders quickly as well.
Drawbacks: If you choose an area that's too low, your enemies will have a clear shot at you. On the other hand, if your shooting area is too high, you will have to rely on dropping explosives, or shooting their vehicles.
- Deadly Wind
This method requires you to never stop moving, and to kill all targets from a ground vehicle, using the drive-by method.
Weapons recommended: MP5 packed with lots of ammo.
Vehicles recommended: Any fast bike, the obvious best being the NRG-500.
Advantages: Mobility is a plus when you have to escape, plus this method allows you to escape whenever needed. Not to mention it allows for music!
Drawbacks: Single weapon without the ability to really aim, not to mention that higher levels will mean law enforcement swarming on the roads, and thus much higher chances to fall off your bike, be it because a cop busted you, or because of an obstacle, leaving your opponents with very clear shot at you.
- Deadly Storm
Similar to Deadly Wind, only that the danger for cops come from the air!
Vehicles recommended: Hunter or Hydra, of course. Using a Sea Sparrow is way too dangerous, due to this helicopter's fragility.
Advantages: You have an extremely deadly machine gun at your disposition, not to mention rocket launchers, all with unlimited ammo. Plus, as you're in the air, escaping becomes much easier. Not to mention that if you die, you will be granted with at least 27 points (30 of an aircraft taken down, minus 3 on player's death), although it won't make up for the much higher scores you can attain when you get away.
Drawbacks: At higher wanted levels, enemy Hydras will spawn, and they will shoot rockets to take you down. Plus, if you get too low, there's chances that enemy will open fire on you from the ground, and repeated fire WILL take you down as well. Not to mention there is no way to get a helicopter or Hydra in a Pay'n'spray, so you'll have to land and run to a save point to cash in your points.
- Brown Thunder
Similar in methods and means than Deadly Storm except it requires the Hunter, the Brown Thunder Vigilante Mission, and a high wanted level for the possibility of taking down helicopters.
The method is simple, you mix up vigilantism and killing spree. Killing the criminals in Vigilante mission rewards you with extra health for your helicopter, money, 1 point per criminal killed, and extra time to keep going. Nothing of course stops you from pummeling pedestrians and vehicles on the ground while you chase criminals, it's even recommended if you want to rack extra points.
Advantages: Your helicopter can go as far as being nearly invincible, as your health is refilled by huge chunks each time you complete a vigilante level. It allows you to endure more hits from possible enemy Hydras, making them less of a threat - with a bit of skill you can even take them down!
Drawbacks: As you know already with the Deadly Storm method, a Hunter can't fit in a Pay'n'Spray. When your spree is finished, try to land right near a save point without getting killed.
Considered for a no-cheat, unmodded game, with primary focus on gaining points and losing none.
Nobody stops you from using any cheats if you wish to, but as the game advises, using them might cause trouble to your save game.
- Wearing Body Armor is essential, but it is strongly advised to complete the Paramedic and Vigilante R3 missions to max out your health and armor levels. The point is, of course, to survive in order to get to a checkpoint.
- Obviously, load yourself up with powerful weaponry. The Minigun will be your best tool as it can be used for multiple purposes, from killing clumps of running pedestrians to destroying aircraft swiftly and easily, if you go for an on-foot method
- Take down aircraft in priority! Each of those will grant you instantly 30 points each without having to "cash them" using the checkpoint method. In case you die during your killing spree, you will have at least the aircraft takedown points. The heli sniping trick might get useful if you're really accurate and don't want to waste Minigun ammo, in case you go for an on-foot method.
- Choose your paths wisely. Plan how you're gonna do the killing spree, make an escape plan, make sure you can respond to any threat or retreat if needed. Whatever you do, try to survive. Don't waste time on health recovery, as spending time in front of a Sprunk dispenser will make you lose more than what you'll recover, and most importantly: do NOT go into a fast-food restaurant, unless you're fast, because upon exiting, a lot of cops will be waiting for you, guns ready of course.
- A good place to start a killing spree would be in south San Fierro. Lots of people spawn on the streets of Doherty, especially those one block north from the Wang Cars and is an excellent place to do massive kills. It is also the perfect retreat place, as if you are too low on health, all you have to do is to run to the garage, pick a car upstairs and race the few feet separating you from the Pay'n'Spray that will make you cash in your points. Even better, there is a Sprunk dispenser near the Cranberry Station to quickly restore your health before starting a new killing spree.
- Optimize your chances of surviving by planning an escape route. Be sure there's always next to you a way for you to escape, be it a fast vehicle, an aircraft, back-alleys, spawn points of body armor or weapons or even bribes, just so you get the few extra protection needed to run your way to a checkpoint, provided you're close to one. Learn the streets, and don't plan a city-scale rampage. Instead, stay around your favorite places, those you know the best. Remember, a checkpoint can be any safehouse, and any Pay'n'Spray.
- Avoid getting surrounded. In the case this happens, and you need at any costs to get out of the place you've been trapped in (such as a back-alley, a rooftop, or anywhere), try sniping your way out. A good shot in the head or in the gas tanks can give you an escape route, especially in higher wanted level situations.
- There is no limit to how long a killing spree can go. It can be interesting to make a long one and do a big jump up to your stats, but (unless you use mods or have a stats editor) don't forget that dying can happen at any instant. Don't bite off more than you can chew, set yourself thresholds or time limits. Better to take down a few and get away with it, than to do lots of casualties and die doing more.
|Criminal Rating
|-6,000 - -10,000
|-4,000 - -5,999
|-2,000 - -3,999
|-500 - -1,999
|-1 - -499
|Dry Snitch
|Punk-Ass Bitch
|Red-Headed Stepchild
|Street Cat
|Playa Partner
|Crime Partner
|Road Dawg
|Lil' G
|Foot Soldier
|Ghetto Star
|Big Homie
|Boss Hawg
|Shot Caller
|High Roller
|Four-Star General
|King of San Andreas
|1,000,000 and above


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CD Czar Music Collection Manager 7.0
Manages your entire music collection including mp3 and video clips.
Connects to the internet Freedb database to automatically enter information about the CD currently in your CD-ROM drive, including album, artist, genre, and tracks. Albums that are not in Freedb's database (or are on MP3 or other audio files, or on cassette or other format that can't be read by the CD-ROM drive), can probably still be entered without typing in the tracks by using the other online music databases to which CD Czar also links. You could use Cd Czar to manage, for example, a vinyl LP collection or MP3 files on your hard drive. Conveniently keeps track of music copied from CD to other media. Albums can be viewed in order of any of the fields in the Album grid by simply clicking on that field's header (including Label/Directory field so that you can see which albums you have included on your CD-R, Minidisc etc. or as audio files on your hard drive). The current sort order's header is highlighted. Clicking on the header that is already highlighted with skip to the next unique value for that field, useful for skipping through artists or genres. Unique One Stop Artist Search will show all albums for any particular artist, whether solo album or multi-artist compilation. Flexible Report Writer can also generate a HTML webpage or export in CSV or XML format. User can choose output fields and their order. Includes Notes (memo) field which can contain any comments, info or links of any length. Year and specific genre (not just pre-defined list) can be used and retrieved. Plays your easily-created Playlist, or plays starting with any track. Can also seamlessly play albums for which you have only MP3 or other audio files. Handles CD Extra (Enhanced CD) discs correctly. Easy archiving option Use either TCP/IP (dialup) or HTTP (firewall) protocol to connect. Tip of the Day option Free utility provided to import albums from cdplayer.ini file used by Windows CD player and others. Speedy, even if you have thousands of albums entered in the database!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Buy a Used Subaru near Long Beach, CA!
Get the keys to a reliable pre-owned Subaru model today by browsing the inventory at our Subaru dealership in Hawthorne, CA. We realize paying up for a new car isn't realistic for every driver, so we make sure to have an abundance of great pre-owned Subaru vehicles and used options from other makes in stock at all times. With used and CPO Subaru options that include the Subaru Outback and Forester, California drivers have plenty of high-value choices at Subaru Pacific. To get on the road in a Subaru vehicle that's been rigorously inspected for quality, schedule a test-drive today at our dealership near Manhattan Beach.
* Although every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained on this site, absolute accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This site, and all information and materials appearing on it, are presented to the user "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non-infringement. All vehicles are subject to prior sale. Price does not include applicable tax, title, and license. Not responsible for typographical errors.


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Visit Our Stores for Availability and Amazing Deals!
With clean lines and a streamlined design, this bed exudes contemporary style. The diamond tufted upholstery brings sleek, sophisticated flair to any bedroom. Whether you would like to dress-up a more relaxed room, or add contrast to a lighter color scheme, this contemporary upholstered bed has you covered.
The Cotterill Contemporary Queen bed with Diamond Tufted Upholstered Headboard by Homelegance at A1 Furniture & Mattress in the Madison, WI area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
This contemporary collection brings a sleek sense of style into your bedroom. The clean lined design and stylish nuanced details of these pieces lends sophistication to any home decor style. This collection is available in a rich Cherry or a neural Gray finish, both suited for adding vibrance to any color scheme.
The Cotterill collection is a great option if you are looking for Contemporary furniture in the Madison, WI area.
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Browse other items in the Cotterill collection from A1 Furniture & Mattress in the Madison, WI area.
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Johnnie Vrana of Revolution Magazine conducted an interview with Jeff LaBar, guitarist for classic hard rockers CINDERELLA and new hard rock supergroup FREAKSHOW, at this year's Rocklahoma festival, which is being held Memorial Day Weekend, May 28-30, 2010 in Pryor, Oklahoma. Watch the chat below.
CINDERELLA played its first show in over three years on March 19, 2010 at the Grizzly Rose in Denver, Colorado.
In a recent interview with Bring Back Glam!, CINDERELLA frontman Tom Keifer spoke about his voice issues which forced the cancellation of the band's U.S. tour with WARRANT, LYNCH MOB and LYNAM in the summer of 2008.
"The root problem with my voice issues started in 1991 when I was diagnosed with a paresis, [which is] partial paralysis of one side of my voice box," he explained. "You have to train it to learn how to sing again.
"The partial paralysis is a neurological thing and it's caused by viruses, even a common cold virus. The virus gets into the nerve and it can degenerate it. It's rare, but it happens. Once degenerated, you can't — there's no surgery or medicine that fixes it. You have to retrain it and it is very tedious and time-consuming and it's not a lot of fun. In a lot of cases, it is career-ending.
"The singing voice is such a fine tuned instrument and any subtle change can throw it off."
He added, "A year ago, I met the 'Miracle Man' who is a vocal coach. He really taught me a lot of things about breathing and how to control my air and how to prevent this from happening again. I've been studying this technique — it's what they teach opera singers — classical voice training, which I've never been trained that way before. It doesn't change the tone of your voice, just how you support it. I still sound the way I sound but I'm not hurting my voice, and it's really worked and my voice feels stronger."
Regarding the possibility of a new CINDERELLA studio album at some point in the not-too-distant future, Keifer told AOL's Noisecreep, "We always feel like a band when we get back together and tour so the plan right now is to not put any pressure on ourselves and to just get back out and have some fun, do shows and be a band again and we'll see where it leads. It's definitely a possibility we could make a record at some point, I just don't know when that would be. I would say it's gotta be right place, right time. It's gotta feel right."


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Currently on my Life Wish List:
Color laser printer, that prints doublesided and can be networked.
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What is outsourcing and how can a Virtual Assistant help me?
Posted on 3rd November 2007 | 1 comment
Time management, is it real?
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Kylie Short's Friends
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I started my business accidentally 34 weeks pregnant with my third child last year. I started to think, 'hey, there should be other mums out there working from home.... where are they?', did some research and found the Virtual Assistant industry.
I would join up with VANA www.vanetworking.com it's free and the sheer amount of information is mind boggling. They have a very active forum and weekly webinars with visiting experts talking at each one. You can also download old seminars in audio format.
Another great site is Alliance for Virtual Business www.allianceforvirtualbiz.com Now this one is a paid membership web site but again the information is astounding. You can also join their mastermind program and learn from experienced VAs who have been around for a long time.
Oh once last web site. IVAA (International Virtual Assistant Association (www.ivaa.org), again this one is a paid membership web site but it is a not for profit trade organisation.
I am a member of all three sites and personally I don't believe you need to go to VA school to be a VA. As long as you have the administrative or PA experience and know how to do the work, you should concentrate you $$ on learning how to run a successful small business. Virtual Business U (www.virtualbusinessu.net) have courses on how to run successful VA practices and enrollments are now open. I'll be teaching with them so I am a bit biased, but you can't go wrong with them.
Good luck and let me know if you have any more questions.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Kylie Short on 13th August 2007
I would like some more info on your Virtual Assistant company. I am looking to do the same thing, but I have no idea where to start. Any suggestions? Do you need to become "certified" or go to a Virtual Assistant school?
Nikki Z.
Flag as inappropriate Posted by Nikki Z on 13th August 2007


text: In observation of the KSU's Year of Morocco in 2020-21, the ZMA presents Sahwha / Resurgence: works by Hicham Berrada. Originally trained as a scientist in Morocco, the work of Paris-based artist Hicham Berrada exposes the beauty that can result from disruptive interactions. Represented in this exhibition by six video works, these collisions of chemicals in solution or man-made interventions in the environment create an efflorescence—or rebirth—into something new, a quality conveyed by the Arabic word sahwha. The resulting dreamlike visions represent a resurgence of something mundane or unappreciated into something eerily beautiful. The museum will be closed when the campus is closed.


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So (and thank you to reader Kaitlin for bringing this to my attention) there's a scale used to help assess vomiting during pregnancy, called the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis index, aka PUQE.
Really. PUQE.
I'm not making this up- Journal of Midwifery and Womens Health. 2009;54(6):430-444.
I can just see something like this:
Frantic husband: "Doctor, my wife is still throwing up!"
Doctor: "What's her PUQE index?"
Frantic husband: "Um, looks like pizza she ate last night, and maybe a cookie. Could be some pickles, too. Hard to tell."


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Employment Law
Learn the basics of employment law so you can legally hire, evaluate and manage employees as a manager, supervisor, small business owner, human resource specialist, or corporate executive. Learn the difference between an employee and independent contractor; the basic types of employee benefits; effective hiring, evaluation, and termination procedures; methods to resolve employment disputes in and out of court; discrimination and union laws; and workplace safety rules.
Workers' Compensation
Anyone considering a career as a paralegal or human resources professional should have a firm understanding of workers' compensation law. The reason is simple: You're very likely to be involved in workers' compensation cases. This course presents workers' compensation in a straightforward and enjoyable manner.
Suite bundles are not eligible for partial drops or refunds. Transfers to other open sessions of the same course are available. Please refer to your school for additional details regarding drops, transfers, and refunds on Suite bundles.
With a law degree and masters in health law, Ann Nevers is involved in dispute resolution in areas of business, employment, and health care. She regularly teaches courses in business law, employment law, dispute resolution, and health care. She has published a number of academic articles, edited legal manuals, and written chapters on employment, dispute resolution, and health care topics. She has industry experience as a director of a regional corporation.
Neal Bevans is a former Assistant District Attorney. A veteran of over 150 trials, Bevans has tried every major felony from rape, murder, and narcotics to armed robbery. One of his cases was televised nationally on Court TV. He has a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Georgia (Order of the Barrister) and has been a college instructor for over 10 years.
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Conference Call and Web Chat on Human Trafficking
The White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (WHIAAPI) will host a conference call about the Obama Administration's efforts to combat human trafficking, including forced labor:
- What is the federal government doing to combat human trafficking, both sex trafficking and forced labor?
- How can my community access in-language materials related to human trafficking?
- What can my community do to promote initiatives to combat human trafficking, including at the local, state, and federal levels of government?
Moderator: Tuyet Duong, Advisor on Civil Rights and Immigration,
White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
Abraham Lee, Public Affairs Officer – U.S. Department of State
Rena Cutlip-Mason, Senior Advisor – U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Maggie Wynne, Director, Division of Anti-Trafficking in Persons
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Ernesto Archila and Charita Castro – U.S. Department of Labor
Wednesday, April 11, 2012 at 3:00 PM EST / 12:00 PM PST
To join by phone:
- Call 800-857-9683; Passcode: 56547
To join online:
- Click here
- If a password is required, enter the meeting password: whitehouseaapi
- Click "Join".
For assistance:
1. Go to https://educate.webex.com/educate/mc
2. On the left navigation bar, click "Support".
Questions can be submitted via Twitter at twitter.com/WhiteHouseAAPI
*Note: All web chats are off the record and not for press purposes.


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Registration is now open for the 2020 Racquet & Paddle Sports Show—co-located with the PGA Merchandise Show—January 21-24 in Orlando, FL. Register today and we hope to see you there!
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Hello all, I'm Tom, or TomMD on irc.freenode.net. I generally tinker with Haskell code and read research papers on DHTs, programming languages, and even operating systems. I'll try to keep my posts technical, but might delve into business or politics on the rare occasion.
I wrote and maintain the hsXenCtrl, Control-Engine, control-event, crypto-api, DRBG, gps, NumLazyByteString and pureMD5 packages on hackage.haskell.org. If anyone wants to hear more about one of these feel free to request for a blog entry.


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In the past decade, interest in mining for uranium has surged, with prices for the metal soaring in world markets a few years ago. Uranium prospecting and mining-project plans have been popping up like jack rabbits across the western United States.
But for at least one of America's iconic natural landmarks, the Obama administration has put the brakes on thousands of new mining plans or claims. In 2009, it blocked claims for uranium and other mining on about 1 million acres of public land bordering the Grand Canyon.
Now, the administration is nearing a decision point: whether to allow the mining-claims process to move forward or extend its moratorium for up to 20 years. The decision could set a precedent for other natural landmarks also being hedged in by uranium and other mining claims, observers say.
More than 8,300 uranium and other mining claims, their development frozen by the government moratorium, are staked on the public lands near the Grand Canyon, according to a new study by the Pew Environment Group, an environmental watchdog based in Washington, D.C.
The report labels the Grand Canyon, as well as nine other national "treasures" in the West, as "at risk" from surging industrial mining claims on nearby public lands. More than 4,400 mining claims have been staked near those nine other sites.
In the middle of the storm is the Department of Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which controls much land around the 10 sites. Also getting involved is Congress, which is unhappy about growing foreign ownership of many uranium mining claims and a lack of revenue for the government from any resulting mines. The legislation regulating these activities needs updating, say some lawmakers.
As for the Grand Canyon, environmentalists and water managers from Los Angeles to Las Vegas decry any uranium mining near the landmark, citing visual impacts, flash floods, and radioactivity leaching into ground water that feeds the vital Colorado River.
"These are national parks and other special places Americans hold dear – and they're now at risk thanks to mining claims staked in close proximity to them," says Jane Danowitz, director of the Pew public-land program that produced the report. "It's all due largely to the fact that we have this outdated mining law, so anyone who wants to mine and take minerals from US soil can do it no matter how much damage it does."
Such fears are overblown, industry experts say, with predictions of only 1 in 10 mining claims, if that, being developed into a mine.
"The uranium mining industry in this area has had a stellar environmental track record," says Pamela Hill, executive director of the American Clean Energy Resources Trust, a coalition of uranium exploration and mining companies based in Kanab, Utah. "A lot of these concerns are without basis in science or history of uranium mining in this area."
May 4 will mark the end of a public-comment period on the environmental impact statement that has been drawn up about mining by the Grand Canyon. A decision by the government on whether to lift its moratorium is expected by July 20.
Even with the Obama administration's moratorium, one mining claim near the Grand Canyon, deemed to have existing rights, was allowed to go forward, and a mine is now in operation. Also, as many as 11 existing uranium claims near the Grand Canyon could be eligible for permits whether or not newer claims are blocked, the BLM says.
Although the Obama administration has not blocked mining claims in other areas, such claims are just starting to reach fruition. Earlier this month, a uranium mine in Wyoming announced its opening. Other sites are expected to be developed, too, according to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
Congress has been watching closely. Some lawmakers have zeroed in on the 1872 Mining Law, under which the US government does not receive any mineral royalties.
Earlier this month, legislation was introduced by Reps. Martin Heinrich and Ben Ray Luján, both Democrats from New Mexico, to shift regulation of uranium mining from "the antiquated 1872 Mining Law" to the Mineral Leasing Act. The latter would allow uranium mining to be managed through a competitive leasing program.
Others also worry that most of America's best uranium mining prospects – including those by the Grand Canyon – are now controlled by Canadian, Korean, Russian, and other foreign companies. In November, the NRC approved transfer of control of licenses from Uranium One USA Inc. and Uranium One Americas Inc., which are Canadian entities, to JSC Atomredmetzoloto (ARMZ), a Russian corporation.
"This transaction would give the Russian government control over a sizable portion of America's uranium production capacity," complained Sen. John Barrasso (R) of Wyoming in a December letter to President Obama. Russia has aided Iranian nuclear ambitions, he wrote.
"I remain concerned with any attempt to grant an export license to ARMZ which would allow the Russian government to ship US uranium overseas," Senator Barrasso added.
Gregory Jaczko, chairman of the NRC, assured Barrasso in a letter that ARMZ had not applied for an export license, so it could not send any US uranium overseas.
In the March 21 letter, Mr. Jaczko also touts expected robust growth in US uranium mining, despite the Fukushima crisis in Japan.
"We are now expecting as many as 16 new applications by 2013 for new recovery facilities or for expanding existing uranium recovery facilities, in addition to those we have already received," he wrote.
One key reason that new US uranium production is needed, Ms. Hill and other advocates say, is to lessen US dependence on foreign energy. About 90 percent of uranium fuel for US nuclear plants today is imported.
But according to a draft BLM study of uranium mining impacts on the Grand Canyon, such mining would do little to boost domestic uranium supplies.
"Currently there are no laws in place that would require domestic uranium to be solely purchased and consumed within the United States," the draft BLM study concluded. "Uranium mined and produced within the parcels would not necessarily move the United States toward energy independence and thus would not represent an impact to national energy resources."


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The Colorado Citizen (Columbus, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 4, Ed. 1 Saturday, August 15, 1857
Description: Weekly newspaper from Columbus, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 15, 1857
Creator: J.D. Baker & Bros.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History


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Did the chiropractor help with the crow hopping?LazyWP wrote:Yep, that's Frog. I have taken him about as far as I know how to.
We had a little mare that loved to be roped off of but came up lame. The chiropractor helped but my daughter did a Rain drop therapy with essential oils and that really helped.


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Cook It At Home: Mirna Attar's Open-Faced Roasted Eggplant
"It's a very simple cuisine, but it's very tasty," says Mirna Attar, chef and owner of Portland's Ya Hala restaurant, about Lebanese cuisine. "People think it's spicy, but it's not. It's kind of a garlicky and lemony type of cuisine."
Attar has been a chef for 13 years and loves what she does. "Growing up, I was a fine artist and a musician. I like art a lot. I've seen myself in a different kind of art — cooking," says Attar.
Attar and her husband, John, purchased a Lebanese grocery store in 1999 in Portland's Montavilla neighborhood where they had a small deli with only a few tables. According to Attar, she started cooking in the deli. Eventually, as the grocery store and deli attracted more customers and had a waiting list, they decided to expand their business and opened Ya Hala restaurant. They also own Barbur World Foods, where Attar develops recipes for its Lebanese deli.
"I always like to spread the word for Lebanese food [and] how to cook it, because it's healthy," says Attar. "I enjoy [it] when I see little kids come in … asking their parents, 'Let's go to Ya Hala to eat Lebanese food.' It's the best feeling ever to see those young kids growing up with a healthy diet."
On a weekend afternoon, Attar invited us into her home and cooked a couple of simple yet tasty Lebanese dishes featuring lots of vegetables and flavored with lemon juice, garlic, olive oil and a variety of herbs.
Try her recipes and enjoy the flavors of Lebanese cuisine.
Download Recipes
Open-Faced Roasted Eggplant with Roasted Tomatoes and Herb Ground Chicken
Ingredients for the Eggplants and Tomatoes (4-6 Servings)
- 4 large eggplants
- 4 cloves of garlic, finely smashed
- 1/3 cup fresh squeezed lemon juice
- ½ cup extra virgin olive oil
- Salt
- 1/3 cup chopped parsley
- 1/3 cup chopped chives
- 1/3 cup chopped mint
- 6 Roma tomatoes
- Preheat the oven to 450 degrees.
- Cut the eggplants in half. Score them with a knife from the inside and sprinkle them with salt and olive oil. Place the eggplants on a baking sheet and bake them in the oven for 45 minutes. The inside of the eggplants should get tender.
- While the eggplant is baking, cut the tomatoes into quarters and sprinkle them with salt and olive oil. Place them on a baking sheet and place them in the same oven for 10 minutes. The tomatoes should also become tender.
Ingredients for the Ground Chicken (4-6 Servings)
- 1 lb ground chicken
- 2 teaspoons finely smashed garlic
- 2 teaspoons salt
- 1 teaspoon cumin
- 2 teaspoons allspice
- 1 teaspoon dry lavender
- 1 teaspoon chopped thyme
- 2 teaspoons chopped parsley
- 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- Mix all the ingredients except the olive oil in a glass (non-reactive) bowl.
- Preheat a frying pan with the 3 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil. Pour the mixture from the bowl into the frying pan and cook it until the chicken is brown and crunchy.
Putting It All Together
- Place the roasted eggplant on a platter.
- Mix the garlic, lemon juice and olive oil (from the "for the Eggplant and Tomatoes" section) together and drizzle the mixture over the inside of the roasted eggplants. Scoop the insides of the eggplants in a ball shape inside the skin.
- Put the tomatoes next to the eggplants and sprinkle them with the parsley, the chives and the mint.
- Place your cooked ground chicken on a platter and sprinkle some parsley on top.
- Enjoy those three dishes with a side of Lebanese yogurt and pita bread.
Fava Bean and Basmati Brown Rice Tabouli
Ingredients (4-6 Servings)
- 1 cup grilled red pepper, diced
- 1 cup fresh mint, chopped
- 1 cup frozen peeled and split fava beans
- 1 ½ cups cooked brown rice
- 2 cups parsley, chopped
- 1 ½ teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon allspice
- ½ cup fresh lemon juice
- ½ cup extra virgin olive oil
Drop the frozen fava beans in boiling water for 1 minute and then strain. Let it cool then mix it with all the above ingredients. There you have it! Enjoy.


text:
|Home of Mega Millions and Powerball, the USA's biggest multi-state lottery games.
Click Here to be notified of important announcements and events
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Mega Millions Jackpot Analysis for Tue, Mar 19, 2002
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† New York imposes additional withholding if you live in one of the following jurisdictions: New York City (3.876%) and Yonkers (1.323%).
Important Notes


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Video: Agents confiscate stuffed toy, LIE about limits on filming
Steve Watson & Paul Joseph Watson
Feb 21, 2013
The Transport Security Administration has apologized following yet another incident involving a wheelchair bound child who became distressed when screeners stopped her and confiscated her stuffed toy.
Three-year-old Lucy's parents questioned the screening procedure and were told, wrongly, by TSA workers that it was illegal to film at checkpoints.
The Missouri couple took exception to TSA screeners at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, on what should have been a trip of a lifetime to Disney World for the young girl, who has Spina bifida.
When the child's mother, Annie Schulte, told agents that they could not touch her daughter unless she was filming the incident on her mobile phone, the TSA screeners said "it's illegal to do that."
That comment was caught on the camera and the subsequent footage uploaded to YouTube by the parents, creating yet another viral TSA infringement video, as Lucy is seen weeping and saying "I don't want to go to Disney World any more."
"To me it was pretty offensive because I was really tuned in when she said that, immediately I'm like, 'OK, hold on, something doesn't seem right.'" Schulte told ABC News.
The girl's father, Nathan Forck, said "They are specifically singling out disabled people for this special scrutiny. It's rather offensive to me as a father of a disabled child."
"We are not unreasonable people," Mr Forck said. "But to say you are going to do a bodily search with no probable cause whatsoever – just because she is in a wheelchair – that was offensive."
Being an attorney, Forck also knew that it is completely legal to film the TSA. "It's your worst nightmare," he said. "It's bad enough they are demanding they want to pat down my child and didn't want me to videotape it. That set off alarm bells."
To make matters worse, TSA agents refused to return Lucy's stuffed toy lamb, named Lamby, after it had already been screened. This just made her cry even more.
Yesterday, almost two weeks after the incident occurred, the TSA issued an apology (of sorts). The statement read:
"TSA regrets inaccurate guidance was provided to this family during screening and offers its apology," the agency said. "We are committed to maintaining the security of the traveling public and strive to treat all passengers with dignity and respect. While no pat-down was performed, we will address specific concerns with our workforce."
Mr Forck said he accepts the apology but stated "Just because you slap a TSA badge on – I don't know this person – and they're going to be putting their hands on my child," adding that if someone had attempted to frisk his daughter outside the airport, they would be facing a criminal law suit. "But you put a TSA badge on and now all of a sudden it's okay," he said.
As Mr Forck indicated, this harassment by the TSA of people, and even children, in wheelchairs is commonplace. The justification is that explosives can be hidden in the chairs.
In December, a similar video of a wheelchair bound child crying her eyes out appeared online. Twelve-year-old Shelbi Walser, who has a genetic bone disorder, was detained for over an hour by TSA agents at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. Agents even called in the bomb squad when they found traces of "explosives" on her hands. In this case the TSA agents were too stupid to even check the wheelchair, which was most likely the source of the material on the child's hands.
Clearly the agents have been told by superiors that people in wheelchairs are a potential threat, but apparently some agents do not fully understand why, only that they should subject the disabled to "enhanced screening" procedures.
In March of last year, another small wheelchair bound child was filmed being touched up by a TSA screener, prompting a deluge of criticism and complaints.
This is yet another example of how poorly trained TSA workers are not even familiar with the federal agency's policy on filming at security checkpoints.
The TSA website makes clear that the, "TSA does not prohibit the public, passengers or press from photographing, videotaping or filming at security checkpoints, as long as the screening process is not interfered with or slowed down."
Of course, in between targeting kids on their way to Disney World, the TSA is engaged in humiliating cancer victims, or removing diapers from sick grannies. Rest assured that the government is keeping you safe America. Keeping you safe from the dangerous terrorists that hate your freedoms.
Steve Watson is the London based writer and editor for Alex Jones' Infowars.com, and Prisonplanet.com. He has a Masters Degree in International Relations from the School of Politics at The University of Nottingham, and a Bachelor Of Arts Degree in Literature and Creative Writing from Nottingham Trent University.
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Product Description
This book was digitized and reprinted from the collections of the University of California Libraries. Together, the more than one hundred UC Libraries comprise the largest university research library in the world, with over thirty-five million volumes in their holdings. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found online in the HathiTrust Digital Library. HP's patented BookPrep technology was used to clean artifacts resulting from use and digitization, improving your reading experience. Despite the cleaning process, occasional flaws may still be present that are part of the original book, reflecting the journey of these collections over a lifetime of use.


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Rhode Island Gov. Chafee's workforce plan would reimburse companies for providing internships
PROVIDENCE, R.I. (AP) � Rhode Island would reimburse businesses for providing internships under a plan announced by Gov. Lincoln Chafee that aims to train and retain young skilled workers in the economically battered state.
Chafee proposed the $2.5 million internship program as part of his $8.2 billion state budget proposal. The money could support nearly 1,500 internships in a variety of industries over two years. He said internships can play a key role in the efforts to boost workforce training.
"Internships do work," the independent governor said. "You learn the companies, the company learns you. And so often, people get hired out of these internships."
Businesses could apply for up to half of the cost of internships that pay at least the minimum wage.
Rhode Island is tied with Nevada for having the highest jobless rate in the U.S. at 10.2 percent in December. State leaders have identified workforce readiness as a key challenge to improving the state's economy.
Ray DiPasquale, president of the Community College of Rhode Island, said internships can give talented young workers a reason to stay in Rhode Island � potentially helping to reverse the state's population decline. The state was one of only two in the nation to lose population between July 2011 and July 2012.
Workers who complete internships, he said, "are more likely to stay here, work here and be involved in our communities."
Top lawmakers and a leader at the Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce said the idea could be a cost-effective way of boosting workforce development. But they stress that more will be needed to prepare the workforce for jobs that they say will boost the state's economic fortunes.
"There's very strong evidence that internships lead to jobs," said chamber President Laurie White.
Another proposal being considered by lawmakers would allow unemployed workers to collect jobless benefits while they train for a new job. The bill's sponsor, Rep. Joseph McNamara, D-Warwick, said the proposal is modeled after programs in Georgia and New Hampshire.


text: "If a woman smiles, her dress must also smile"—or so insisted French designer Madeleine Vionnet, the trailblazing couturier who revolutionized 20th-century women's clothing with bias-cut gowns and intricately draped frocks. Born to a modest family in a town just outside Paris, Vionnet began her career as an 11-year-old seamstress and continued her education as a linen maid in a psychiatric hospital. After working her way through several design houses, she finally opened her own in Paris in 1912, spurring an anti-corset movement in fashion, one that embraced women's curves rather than molding them. Vionnet is now considered one of the most creative masters of her period, alongside Paul Poiret, Coco Chanel, and Elsa Schiaparelli—an accomplishment Chronicle Books set out to commemorate on the 100th anniversary of her design house in the recently released *Madeleine Vionnet.*And in contemporary times, Vionnet is no less relevant—the gowns of the 20s in particular influenced the costume designers of Downton Abbey, with at least one of Mary's frocks in Season Three—a red, sleeveless evening dress—being a copy of a Vionnet design. Perhaps in Season Four, she'll take a Parisian shopping jaunt.


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You are here
Thomas Mann Randolph
During Jefferson's absences, his son-in-law Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. often managed plantation operations. Jefferson "directed the managers [overseers and stewards] … to apply to you for your counsel when at a loss."1 Randolph supervised work on Mulberry Row, from the construction of slave dwellings r, s, and t to the sawyers at the saw pit. Jefferson asked Randolph to monitor the treatment of enslaved individuals, once having him "speak to Lilly [an overseer] as to the treatment of the nailers."2 When the Randolph family moved to Monticello after Jefferson's retirement from the presidency, a few of Randolph's own slaves, including Priscilla Hemmings, John Hemmings's wife, likely lived on Mulberry Row. Randolph stopped oversight of plantation affairs after his estrangement from his family after the War of 1812, although he did return to Monticello briefly before his death in 1828.
- Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph, Jan. 25, 1798.
- Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph, Jan. 23, 1801.
See a digital model and animation of single–family slave dwellings on Mulberry Row.
Visit Mulberry Row
Take a Slavery at Monticello Tour.
Learn about the enslaved people who lived and worked on Mulberry Row, the dynamic industrial hub of the Monticello plantation. More »
- Martha Jefferson RandolphRelation: wife


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|Posted by THE SNAKE on June 28, 2016 at 10:25 PM
The weekend of July 15th -17th sees the Hyper Japan Festival return to Olympia in London's Kensington. Three days of live acts, Music,culture and games for all the family .
Show opens on the Friday at 12pm , visit the site for more info and tickets..
Visit the Hyper Japan site Here!
Categories: Event news, People
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JACKSONVILLE, FLa. – First there were radar detectors that sounded an alarm in your car as you approached a police speed trap, letting you know to slow down or risk a ticket. It seems there are gadgets for everything, including ones sold specifically to keep you from getting caught breaking the law running a red light. Do they work though, and what's legal?
Right now, there are 32 red light cameras across Northeast Florida catching cars running through intersections.
Red light cameras monitor three Orange Park intersections, and the top cop in town says they make a difference all over the city.
"What I've noticed, when people approach intersection, whether or not it has red light camera, they're starting to pay better attention to the light," said Orange Park Police Chief Gary Goble (pictured below). "If it's yellow, they're starting to slowdown, thinking about stopping, instead of thinking about trying to make it."
With seven cameras monitoring his city, Goble says 1,100 tickets a month are going out.
So would a tool like Photo Mask Cover, that's sold online, make a difference?
Roy Reyer doesn't think so. The former sheriff's office lieutenant has built a national reputation for product testing and looking into claims about avoiding detection on the roadways. Thus his nickname, "Radar Roy."
The "Photo Mask Cover" is $50 from the company. The premise is that the cover distorts light, making the plate readable from directly behind but illegible from above. Roy and others call it a waste of money, even though it has a "no ticket guarantee."
"They do work against the cameras," Reyer said. "But the problem is that the officer, he's going to see these. These are what I call ticket magnets!"
Goble agrees.
"Most people who've used things out there trying to defeat the camera, they're not working," he said.
So what does work, if anything? We drove into a red light camera intersection in a car with a tool installed. "Radar Roy" recommended it and we found a driver in Jacksonville with it.
"The best company out there is called Escort, has what they call the Defender Database," he said.
We spoke to Curtis Whittingon, owner of car accessories shop called American Radio. He says there's more than one car in town, riding with that Defender Database protection.
"We probably do 3-4 a month, they're quite expensive," Whittington said.
Local defense attorney Chris Carson doesn't like the cameras on principal.
"Really the reason they have cameras is because they are lucrative and they provide money for the government coffers, as opposed to protecting folks," Carson told us.
Carson drove us through a red light intersection to demonstrate the Escort device with the Defender database. It was not his car, but Carson says he represents several clients who disagree with police monitoring so much they're willing to spend money to avoid spending more money if they get caught.
"To get a ticket for a red light, it can literally be a difference of point-three milliseconds," Carson said. "So all it takes is a small lapse in paying attention or concentration for you to get a $158 ticket."
Carson says radar detectors and laser reflectors are not illegal in Florida, so he says use them if you want. And if you can afford them. Carson would agree with many of the people we spoke to for our story, though. He thinks the best way to avoid a ticket from a red light camera is to use a different tool, one that comes with your vehicle: the brake pedal. Don't count on using some of the products that promise or guarantee you won't get caught.
Carson said, "I've represented people who've had those systems in place, yet I'm representing them because they got a ticket from a red light camera. So in my experience, they do not work."
Goble, the Orange Park police chief, added, "Tags we've seen with covers on them, they've clearly run the red light, and we clearly had the tag number. So I have to say, for the most part, those things don't work."
Those red light intersections do work to change traffic even a little, according to police. Chief Goble points out that 70,000 cars go through Orange Park every day, on their way to or from Jacksonville. Goble believes the roads are safer with the red light camera enforcement because drivers know they are there and slow down when they approach them.
As we mentioned, there are 32 red light cameras in our area.
Orange Park has seven cameras and 6,966 citations have been issued. Green Cove Springs has five red light cameras and has issued 8,143 citations. And Jacksonville currently has 20 cameras, and as of October 15, had issued 16,034 red light citations.


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While there has been talk that Apple's iOS 7 would find its way into cars, a new patent won by the Cupertino, Calif. company seems to indicate that Apple wants to take over the dashboard.
The patent filed in 2009 and named "Programmable tactile touch screen displays and man-machine interfaces for improved vehicle instrumentation and telematics" was granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Wired reported. It features a touchscreen with "tactile feedback" that act as virtual knobs and sliders.
The iDash also offers a tangible way for how Apple will bring its iOS to the auto. It also will allow users to incorporate their iPhones with the dashboard either through tethering or Wi-Fi. Then users would have access to "Maps, the Music Player, Messages" and other apps. The whole thing will also be controlled by voice commands.
U.S. & World
We wrote about Apple wanting the iOS to be in cars last April, likely as a way to push out middleman software. However, right now Wi-Fi isn't in most cars, although it's scheduled for many come 2014. But don't expect it to show up in 2015 models without more work from Apple to create a product better than ones already available from Ford or GM.


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Yesterday during the LA Galaxy's match with FC Dallas, David Beckham suffered a minor cut on his finger, and blood splattered onto his shorts. Officials made him change on the sidelines. Monday just got a whole lot better!
Look, we've seen him half-naked before — his Armani underwear ads are plentiful — but there's nothing like a spontaneous glimpse of thigh!
These thighs are famous, after all.
G/O Media may get a commission
As are some other parts. Ahem.
Are these Armani unerpants? Because that right there is some effective marketing.
The man in the background with the number 2 on his jacket can't seem to look away.
[Los Angeles, October 24. Images via Pacific Coast News Online.]


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Sunday, May 6, 2012
John Lee Lewes, HBC -- The "fop" of the Columbia District
No one seems to know a lot about the man, and almost no one has written anything about him.
However, in researching Anderson, I stumbled across a few things of interest to Lewes descendants, and I will dig them out and post them here.
First of all, here is the information that the Hudson's Bay Archives includes in his biographical sheet:
Lewes was born on the 31st August 1792, at St. George's, Southwark, England.
From Bruce McIntyre Watson's book, Lives Lived West of the Divide, we learn his father was Charles Lee Lewes, a well-known actor-singer of the day.
Lewes' theatre connections might partially account for Anderson's description of him:
"Mr. Lewes was a man of fine personal appearance with many good qualities, and among all the officers of the service was conspicuous for his dashing style of dress."
The Oregon historian, Bancroft, labelled John Lee Lewes "the fop of the Columbia District."
Stories like this are what make research interesting!
John Lee Lewes entered the HBC service in 1807 when he was 15 years old, and served first as a "writer" at Fort Churchill (Manitoba, B.42/a/130-149, HBCA) for two years.
After that he served at Nelson House (Manitoba, B.141/a/1-11, HBCA) and later at Deer's Lake -- probably Deer Lake, a large lake east of Churchill and in the English River district.
By 1812 he was on the Saskatchewan River at Cumberland House (Saskatchewan, B.49/a/28-43, HBCA).
Two years later he is found at Ile-a-la-Crosse (Saskatchewan, B.89/a/1-3, HBCA), and in 1815 at Slave Lake (Lesser Slave Lake, in northern Alberta).
In 1821 he made Chief Trader and was found at Spokane House, where he was supposedly working at the same post where my great-great-grandfather, James Birnie, would only a year later keep the post journal.
From This Blessed Wilderness: Archibald McDonald's Letters from the Columbia, 1822-44, edited by Jean Murray Cole, we see his arrival at -- not Spokane House -- but Fort George (Astoria)!
"Archibald McDonald arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River with Chief Factor John Dugald Cameron, a former Nor'wester, and Chief Trader John Lee Lewes, a fellow HBC man, on 8 November 1821. Two other experienced former NWC officers, Chief Factor John Haldane and Chief Trader James McMillan, were also appointed to the district. Within days of their appearance McDonald and Lewes began the inventory of the headquarters establishment at Fort George (Astoria). By 6 April 1822 McDonald had completed his report to the council covering all four posts in the Columbia District -- Fort George (Astoria), Spokane House, Fort Walla Walla (Nez Perces), and Thompson River (Forts Okanagan and Kamloops)."
John Lee Lewes did in fact serve at Spokane House but was not yet there in April 1822, when Finan McDonald reported that "Five boats manned by forty men accompanied by two clerks vis Messrs [William] Kittson & [James] Birnie, left this for Fort George..."
All is not lost, however, for on Tuesday 16th of July, McDonald reported that: "Messrs Lews & Birnie arrived here at 8 o'clock am. and some time after Mr Kittsons with the people and goods from Fort George having left the boats at the Forks of this river."
On Friday 26th -- "We sent all the wild horses off to the plains for to feed except one Mr. Lews has kept for to ride upon if he can break him in for the purpose."
This probably refers to Lewes: "Tuesday 30th -- About 6 o'clock am. a party of Ear ring Indians arrived loaded with roots of which we traded 30 kegs. The men have not as yet been at work since their arrival but have received their axes for to ... in order as Mr. Lu.. intends enlarging the Fort & renuing the houses as it is absolutely required."
In August: "Friday 2nd -- Mr. Lews not thinking it proper to send a party to the Flat Heads for the purpose of trading until he ascertain the truth of which the courier said yesterday. and for that purpose he sent Rivet to the Ear Ring Indians in order to speak personally with the courier from the Flat Heads & if possible to bring him to the fort."
"Tuesday 6th -- ... Souteawa St. Germain has been for some time living in the Indian camp alongside of the Fort but only today he made his appearance in the Fort, he having contracted a debt of 76 skins since last year & in no way exerted himself for to pay the same. Mr. Lews gives him a few necessary to enable him to pay the old debts he is going off to the Flat Heads.."
"Wednesday 7th -- The Indian that left this with Messrs. McDo & Ka arrived here with a note for Mr. Lews requesting him to send the horses across the Ear ring portage by 13th inst."
"Wednesday 28th -- This morning as Mr. Lewes, & Mr. McDonald went down to see our barrier, there happened to be some of the Indians there spearing the salmon coming up the river. Mr. McD spoke to them but they being in a canoe put all his threats at defiance. He lost no time in springing into the water & broke the canoe. The Chief of the place was much displeased and went and brock [sic] down nine of the palisades of the garden. His brother being more attached to the whites went and drove him away from the garden. He then wished to come to the fort for to dispute with us. He was prevented by the Indians. We not knowing all their intentions got our cannon loaded but one of the [sic] informed us, it was only him who was displeased with what we had done. We killed 80 salmon in our barrier. There was a guard kept up all night in case some of the Indians were badly disposed. The weather fine all day." [Hence the Spokane House men finally discovered why they were catching so few salmon in their barriere!]
In September: "Tuesday 3rd -- Mr. McDonald and his family with Mr. Lewes & his, left this place accompanied by Mr. Kittson for the Kettle falls where they will meet the boat from the forks & there embark for the Rocky Mountain portage. Messrs. Lewes & Kittson to return with two men from the Kettle falls.... We kept up a guard all night as it was Mr. Lewes orders when he left this but there is little danger as the Indians are all well disposed."
"Saturday 7th -- The men at work as usual.... About 3 oclock pm. Messrs Lewes & Kittson arrived from the Kettle falls after they saw Mr. McDonald start from the above place."
"Tuesday 10th -- Traded a horse and a few pieces dried salmon. the Indians are leaving us fast and it is not to be regretted as they are poor and have nothing to trade. Mr. Lewes give the Chief a small present for to behave himself well for the future. The weather still warm."
"Thursday 12th -- The Indians about the place have reported that this Indians from the east side of the Rocky Mountains have come within two days march of the fort. Mr. Lewes not thinking it proper for to risk our horses where they were give orders for the remove them. The weather still the same."
"Thursday 19th -- We have been employed all day giving the freemen a little advances as they have determined to go and make a hunt towards the heads of the Chipoune river & return late in the fall to the post at the Flat Heads. We had from the barrier today 34 salmon. the bastion was removed to its proper place but not finished as Mr. Lewes is to make an addition to it."
October: "Wednesday 2nd -- The men at work at the palisades they have finished the back part of the fort...Mr. Lewes give Pierre de jules Fill a pound of ... 1 foot ... and a damaged ... Cap for his good behaviour. He is to take horses in charge this winter."
"Monday 7th -- At an early hour this morning Messrs Lewes & [James] McMillan left this place for the forks of this river for the purpose of meeting with the gentlemen that may come across the mountains this fall. All hands employed at the chimney of the log house they are to raise it with... so that there will be no danger for the fire for the future."
"Wednesday 9th -- this morning Payette left this. I have sent by him what Mr. Lewes had ordered by him and likewise a pack horse I traded yesterday."
"Thursday 10th -- About two o'clock pm. Mr. Lewes and servant arrived form the forks but brought us no news of the express that we look for days."
"Wednesday 16th -- this morning we were agreeably surprised by the arrival of the men from the forks with letters from the Gentlemen that have come across the mountains. The gentlemen that arrived at the forks (fork of Spokane River with the Columbia, I expect) are as follows: Mr. Kennedy, Chief Factor; Messr. McLeod & Dease, chief Traders; Messrs. McDonald, Ross & Annance, clerks returned from the mountains. After an early breakfast Messrs Lewes & McMillan left this to go and joint [sic] those Gentlemen at the forks of this river."
"Friday 18th -- This morning Alexander Kennedy .... came to take charge of this place, he was accompanied by Mr. Lewes & Mr. Kittson. The former gentlemen after he delivers over the charge to A.K. is to go down with the express to Fort George."
"Monday 21st -- Mr. Lewes left this for Fort George, he has taken two of our men with him as we can spare them."
"Thursday 24th -- the men have been at work of yesterday. About noon two men arrived with the returned horses that Mr. Lewes had taken to the forks. They brought the remaining property hither that was left at the forks."
This has all come from Fort Spokane District Journal, 1822-1823, B.208/a/1, Reel 1M144, HBCA. The journal entries end the next spring as the brigades leave for Fort George with the furs -- John Lee Lewes does not return before that time to Spokane House.
Have you noticed how the Spokane House men spelled Lewes name in the early postings, and how the spelling changed?
I don't know how modern day descendants pronounce their name, but I suspect that John Lee pronounced his name "Lews."
In 1823, John Lee Lewes returned to the east side of the mountains and served at Moose Lake, near Cumberland House -- and at Cumberland House itself (Saskatchewan, B.49/a/28-43, HBCA).
In 1826-1827 he took a leave of absence and return to Europe; he came back to the country as a Chief Trader in charge of Moose Factory (Ontario, on James Bay, B.135/a/130-144, HBCA).
In 1829 he returned to Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan where he was Chief Factor; in 1831, Archibald McDonald wrote the following in a letter to Edward Ermatinger:
"I understand our friend [Duncan] Finlayson is in nomination for a Factorship. This looks well. [John Lee] Lewes has gained a feather also, but I believe he will be the only one of the original 12." (From: This Blessed Wilderness, ed. by Jean Murray Cole).
Lewes is again granted furlough, to Europe, in 1835-36.
Immediately on his return he was made Chief Factor in charge of the Ungava District at Fort Chimo (N.Quebec, B.38/a/1-11, HBCA), where he would have been more interested in the valuable seal and "porpoise" (beluga whale) harvesting than in the fur trade itself.
Surprisingly, this was an important aspect of the fur trade, and as two of my Anderson-Seton family worked there I will have to speak of it eventually.
This position did not last long and in 1837 he was back in charge of Cumberland House (B.49/a/43-54)
By 1844 he was posted northward to Fort Simpson on the Mackenzie River (NWT, B.200/a/10-30, HBCA) where he accidentally shot off his hand.
This was relatively easy to do with the flintlock guns the fur traders used and he was not the only man to injure himself through a moment's carelessness (David Thompson's clerk, James McMillan, shot off two of his own fingers by accident in 1810 or so; this is the same James McMillan who worked with Lewes at Spokane House).
For more information on these guns, see my blog posting on Flintlock Guns, dated Sunday February 7, 2010: "Flintlock Guns and Percussion Guns."
Bruce Watson ("Lives Lived") says that after his accident he took a furlough to England, travelling with his son, John Jr.
Apparently Lewes was already considering retirement to Canada, because Archibald McDonald wrote: "Lewes is looking to the St. Lawrence, tho' he still speaks of Australia!" (Cole, "This Blessed Wilderness.")
In 1845 Lewes was made Chief Factor in charge of New Caledonia, where he was supposed to replace Peter Skene Ogden at Stuart's Lake.
According to Bruce Watson ("Lives Lived") Lewes was supposed to relieve Donald Manson, but "ill health forced him so far to remain at Colville [sic] (Source: Rev. Morice's history of New Caledonia published under various names).
Here is what I wrote about that, in my book: The Pathfinder: A.C. Anderson's Journeys in the West:
"In late August [1845], Peter Skene Ogden and Donald Manson arrived at the fort, riding at the head of the incoming New Caledonia brigade. Manson, who had been in charge of Fort McLoughlin when Anderson served there, had come north from Fort Vancouver with the brigade to take charge of New Caledonia. Peter Skene Ogden has planned to leave New Caledonia with the outgoing express in the fall, and he would not return.
"For the most part, the gentlemen who worked the New Caledonia fur trade remained in the territory for a number of years, but change occasionally occurred. Peter Skene Ogden hoped to leave New Caledonia in 1844, but abandoned his plans when John Lee Lewes, who was to replace him, lost his hand in a shooting accident...."
So, am I right? I think so.
The HBC records don't exactly record where Lewes was, but he was at Fort Colvile in 1848 when Alexander Caulfield Anderson arrived there in the fall of that year, and he had apparently been there for a couple of years; there are no HBCA records.
He was at the post in December 1847 when many of the missionaries flocked to Fort Colvile after the massacre at Waiilatpu mission.
From: Incoming Correspondence to George Simpson, D.5/22, HBCA, John Lee Lewes letter from Fort Colvile, written 17th April 1848, indicates he had been granted two years' leave of absence by George Simpson, and said: "the board of management [in Fort Vancouver] has so arranged that I am to cross the Mountains next Autumn, my charge agreeably to your appointment will be delivered over to Mr. C. T. Anderson, who is to conduct the Colvile Outfit to this place from Fort Langley during summer."
Another HBCA letter confirms he left in the fall -- written from Fort Vancouver on March 16th 1848 to Governor Simpson (B.223/b/37, Reel 1M232):
"Mr. Chief Factor Lewes does not consider himself capable of undertaking the journey across the mountains this spring, and will therefore remain at Colvile until the month of October next, when he intends to proceed to Jasper's House with the Fall Party. This arrangement is favorable to our plans as it will leave Mr. Chief Trader Anderson disposable for the summer trip to Fort Langley with the brigade."
In his "History of the North West Coast," Anderson described Lewes this way:
"Entered the service of the HBC some years before the Coalition and was stationed at various points in the Northern part of Hudson's Bay. Afterwards in the interior at the posts on English River and Athabasca. While in charge of the District McKenzies River he was accidentally mutilated by the discharge of a gun and lost his sight in consequence. subsequently he was appointed to the Columbia Department, and remained for some years in charge of the Colvile district in which appointment Mr. Anderson succeeded him in 1848. Mr. Lewes after retiring form the service proceeded to Australia with his family with the intention of settling there, but he finally decided on returning to Manitoba and Red River where when Mr. Anderson last heard from him he was still living. Mr. Lewes was a man of fine personal appearance with many good qualities, and among all the officers of the service was conspicuous for his dashing style of dress."
Remember though that even though my great grandfather said the above about this man, it might not be entirely true -- I don't know that Lewes actually went to Australia and returned, and I doubt he did.
Also notice that Anderson said he has lost his eyesight as the result of the gun-accident -- it might be that Lewes was losing his sight in 1848. This statement confused me many times over, and every other historian records that Lewes lost his hand as the result of the accident, and so, that must have happened. This was one of the many tiny facts I had in the book that I had to check and doublecheck -- do you now see how so-called "errors" happen?
Following is what James Robert Anderson, A.C.'s son, had to say about Lewes in his Memoirs, "Notes and Comments on early days and events in British Columbia..." in BC Archives.
"In 1848 after the return of my father to Kamloops (after taking out the brigade to Fort Langley) we left that place and proceeded to Fort Colvile where as mentioned before, Mr. Lewis [sic] was relieved, who with his wife and family consisting as far as I can remember of an elder son, Adolphus, two good-looking girls and some younger children. The accompanying copy of the letter, although marked "private" from Mr. Lewis to my Father, is of interest. With certain eliminations concerning the descendants of some people still living, it is as follows:
"July 17, 1850, Cumberland House..... My dear sir; Your highly esteemed and interesting favour under date the 9th of last April came safe to hand. Accept my thanks for the same and the great fund of information which it contained. I am glad to learn that your Colvile affairs have turned out so much to your satisfaction. I wish it may continue so with you but such is hardly to be expected now-a-days. Men's minds seem to be all in a ferment on your side of the mountains, when and how this grand illusion will end, time alone can develop, and as it may it will not do so to the interest of the Fur Trade, its funeral knell has long been tolling in the west and ere many years have passed by, the Fur Trade will only be a thing that was and is no more. What a change during the last three years has come over the Columbia. I had Mr. [Eden] Colvile's company over three days in the spring; he gave me during that time a budget of Columbia, etc. news. You may be sure indeed the sayings and doings of the far west was the principal theme of our conversation; nothwithstanding the heterogeneous manner of our Columbia business in the present day. It is pleasing to see the result of the closing years outfit, such splendid doings in the gold way I certainly never anticipated. to look at the overplus above the Columbia expenditure we might expect to see in due time some amendments to our dividends. Alas for that of 1849, I for one do not look forward to much or if any amelioration on latter years. The returns of all the Northern Departments east of the mountains for last year are most miserable, the worst I really think since 1821 and this falling off will I fancy more than counterbalance the Columbia increase. The present outfit or that for 1850 there is no doubt will be still in a more deplorable state. The loss of the York F hired ship "Graham" last fall has so startled the big wigs in Fenchurch Street that they will this season pour into the country via three ships to York Factory, canoes from Montreal and by oxen and carts from St. Peters, goods to the amount of 16000 pounds sterling; if this is not making the pot boil over with a vengeance I know not what is. the goods coming by the ships are all very well but those from Montreal and St. Peters we could very well have dispensed with. They were not asked for by us neither are they wanted. with what we have on hand until the ships come, all the posts would have got on very well without this enormous and ruinous expense. I have recently returned from Norway House and after tomorrow I am again off for York Factory to meet the ships and get the residue of my current outfit. The council business of the present season went off very smoothly. some changes have taken place in the general appointments -- Chief Trader [James] Anderson from the South (your brother I believe [yes]) to Athabasca to replace [Edward] Ermatinger who goes to Canada and in the Devil's own humour too XXX I have not seen Frank [Ermatinger] since I crossed the mountains.... Nicol Finlayson replacing old Roderick who came out bag and baggage sickly and as weak and helpless as an infant XXX He retires to Basdic [sic] le Riviere, there I fancy to end his days which to all appearances seem to be drawing to a rapid close. chief Trader Reay [sic] off on another two years government searching expedition. Bell at the head of Mackenzie River affairs during Reay's absence. Dr. Todd back to Swan River, Chief Factor Ballenden home via Canada on the sick list. Black takes his place at Red River, where Gov. Colvile is also to winter. Wm. McTavish up from the Sault goes to York Factory for the present and although I never have heard so, preparatory, in my opinion, to jump into Hargreaves' place as head man at York Factory -- Dehambault off to Canada on furlough. Others not herein mentioned remain the same as last year. Columbia appointments I shall not touch upon; all these you will see by minutes of council.
"Not a word transpired this season about the Yankees buying us out with their million of dollars. They never I think had any serious idea of doing so -- all humbug on their part. Jonathan looks well to his dollars before parting with them. 1863 will soon come round when he expects to get all for nothing.
[This para refers to the Americans purchasing HBC property in Oregon Territory].
"I am very glad to hear that Frederick after the sad and melancholy fate of young Charles, so conducted himself as to meet with your approval. Pity it was that that stupid fellow, Young, had not got the shot in his own head. The jackass has destroyed a fine young man worth a shipload of unfeeling and careless Yankees. Frederick, I understand, has got a good situation, a money-making one at least and I sincerely hope he will have good sense enough to profit by it.
[This paragraph refers to a young American travelling with the express showing off his gun and accidentally shooting and killing a son of Mr. Charles, Chief Factor in charge of Red River; Frederick Lewes must have been there.]
"All the Columbia gentlemen seem to be on the move. It is time I should do so too, and do it I certainly shall before long. My arrangements are taken. Adolphus from the fountain head [?] is ordered out next spring. On his return in the fall he will conduct his mother and the three youngsters to Vancouver Island, have carte blanche for sending them there. I go to Canada myself for the purpose of removing my eldest daughter and as I strongly suspect her fatherless children from that country. With them and my son John I shall without delay bend my steps by ship from New York or Boston. This is a sudden resolve is it not? Canada since I received my spring letter has lost all charms for me. I will go to the Columbia. If that does not please me after a very short trial trip, for Van Dieman's Land via the Sandwich Islands. XXX Yours most truly, John Lee Lewis [sic]."
I am not sure that Adolphus delivered his mother and three siblings to Fort Victoria, nor do I think Lewes ever came to the Columbia district.
He also did not take his wife east with him, as he would not have thought she would fit in there.
This is why -- from Sylvia van Kirk's Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur Trade Society, 1670-1870:
"In many ways, mixed-blood girls brought up among their mothers' people became virtually indistinguishable from the Indians -- as their names Neskisho, Ke-che-cow-e-coot and Wash-e-soo E'squaw' testify. A detailed description of the mixed-blood wife of John Lee Lewes, a prominent nineteenth-century officer, reveals that she was much more influenced by her Plains Cree mother than her Orkney father John Ballenden, who had been a Hudson's Bay Company servant:
"She is the daughter of an Indian woman, and much more the squaw than the civilized woman herself, delights in nothing so much as roaming around with her children making the most cunning snares for Partridges, rabbits and so on... she is moreover very good-natured and has given me two pairs of worked moccasins.. she also gives me lessons in Cree."
By the way, Mrs. Lewes's father is the John Ballenden who met Anderson at Fort Colvile in the early 1850's, and who took Peter Skene Ogden's place at Fort Vancouver for a year or so.
Lewes spent some time with Anderson at Fort Colvile, and gifted Anderson his copy of Joseph Howse's Cree Dictionary -- today a book worth thousands of dollars!
I have seen that book, with Anderson's signature in it; it has been restored and is in the possession of a book collector who lives in Vancouver, I believe.
According to the HBCA biographical sheet, John Lee Lewes retired on the 1st June 1852.
He died twenty years later at "Lewes Villa," St. Andrews, Manitoba, and was buried two days later.
On their biographical sheet, the HBCA lists a few more resources that I have not accessed (or at least not looking at Lewes' records), and they are:
E.E. Rich, ed., Journal of Occurrences in the Athabasca Department by George Simpson, 1820 and 1821, London: HBRS, 1938, Vol. 1, Big. pp. 446-447 (I wonder if Big listed here is supposed to be Biography?)
M.A. MacLeod, ed., The Letters of Letitia Hargrave, Toronto: The Champlain Society.
You can find these volumes in any good library in Canada, and you can photocopy them too.
You can also read some of the journals that he kept, probably on microfilm at HBCA (or borrowed from them) -- these are:
Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Post Journals: 1817-1819, B.115/a/1-3, Reel 1M70; 1820-1821, B.115/a/4, on Reel 1M71. Both Volumes 2 and 4 contain correspondence which is often worth reading for additional information.
Fort Churchill (Manitoba) Post Journals: 1834, B.42/a/164- (to cover the few months he spent at Churchill that year), Microfilm reel 1M36.
Cumberland House (Saskatchewan) Post Journals: 1837-1840, B.49/a/43-54, Reel 1M41.
Fort Simpson (Northwest Territories): 1840-1841, B.200/a/10-30, Reel 1M140. (Doublecheck my reel numbers in case I erred on HBCA website).
From Bruce Watson's Lives Lived, I have Adolphus' fur trade records:
Birth: probably Spokane House, 1821. Born to John Lee Lewes and Jean Ballenden
Death: Fort Vancouver, September 1856
Passenger, Prince of Wales (ship), 1826; Passenger, Forager (ship), 1840; Apprentice clerk, Fort Vancouver, 1840-1841; Clerk and Surveyor, Fort Vancouver, 1842-1845; Clerk, Fort Vancouver, 1848-1849; Clerk, Willamette Falls (a few miles south of Fort Vancouver), 1849-1850; Clerk, Fort Vancouver Indian Trade, 1850-1853
As a young boy, Adolphus was taken by his father in 1826 to England where he was educated. He subsequently joined the HBC as a surveyor and clerk on December 18, 1839, and sailed from London on January 1840. He spent his entire career working out of the Fort Vancouver (Vancouver, WA) area and, as a surveyor, drew up the plans for Fort Victoria. On his retirement in 1845 he was offered passage to California, where he said he wished to retire, or England, but instead chose to stay and farm at Cathlapootle (320 acres), some distance below Vancouver (Clark County). Faced with the prospect of having to become an American citizen, he asked for re-admission to the HBC and rejoined on March 1, 1848. In 1850 he was noted as living alone and he may not have had a family. That same year he was reluctant to leave the territory and go north and survey Vancouver Island and declared his intention to become a US citizen in Clackamas Co., Oregon Territory (probably in what is now Washington state). He retired once again in 1853 and died at Fort Vancouver in 1856.
The Lewis River, formerly the Cathlapootl and flowing into the Columbia below Vancouver, is named after Adolphus Lee Lewes and Frederick Lewes who settled in the area.
If anyone who reads this has more information re: John Lee Lewes, post it below. This is actually going to be read by a John Lee Lewes descendant from Australia, who cannot easily research his ancestor.
Isn't it interesting that Lewes, who talked many times of going to Australia, actually now has modern day descendants in the place?
I have a fair bit of information on John Ballenden, too; he had a rough time of it both at Red River and at Fort Vancouver, and all of this was left out of my book (well, it wasn't relevant). But I think I will write about John Ballenden's experience in the fur trade next week -- he butted heads with Fort Victoria's James Douglas and won the argument.
You don't mess with John Lee Lewes' father-in-law, John Ballenden!
4 comments:
From what i can find,John Lee Lewes and Jane Ballenden had eight children.John George,Frederick,Audley Archibald,Eliza Rowand(Adopted)Albert,Emma,Eliza or Elizabeth,and Nancy Anne.ReplyDelete
JohnLL did travel to Tasmania with two sons,Albert and Archibald at sometime after 1856 and stayed there for sometime before retiring to ST Andrews.
Eliza Rowand would have been connected to John Rowand of Edmonton House?? Was there a connection between these two families, as far as you know, or did John Lee look after Rowand's youngest when John Rowand suddenly died?ReplyDelete
So if he went to Australia, perhaps his wife and other children did actually come to Fort Victoria for a while, as they planned. Nothing found in Fort Victoria letters, though.
I dont know about Eliza and that possible connection.JohnLL and the whole family or most of them went to Tasmania(Van Diemans Land)and lived in the Hobart suburb of Newtown.However Archy and Albert stayed after the rest returned to Canada.They are responsible for the Australian branch.ReplyDelete
I am descended from Archibald Lee Lewes. I live in SydneyReplyDelete