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Copyright 2011-3011 Alternative News Forum, All Rights Reserved.
This comment appeared today on 4.2.11 and I am posting it verbatim for readers. I neither endorse the prediction, nor oppose it. I hope and pray of course, that absolutely nothing happens on April 4th, but here is the information below. From listening to the first 30-60 seconds of the video, what seems to emerge is that Hassan Jaffer predicted many of the sudden earth changes and geologic events which have taken place in 2011 at least a year ago in January 2010.
In general, I am leery of predictions that try to target a specific date, as I feel that no one on earth can actually predict either the mind of God, or the exact dates of "acts of God," but I am posting the link for folks to listen to the show.
– Chase
"Perhaps this page isn't the appropriate one to post this information, but I was sure you would catch this and post it on one of your sites. But since there are only 2 days left, I've decided to bring it to your attention so that other will be informed. Noted astrologer Hassan Jaffer is predicting that on Monday April 4th, 2011 that a major earthquake will hit the midwest. I have searched your site and cannot find anywhere to contact you, so I am using this method to get the word out. "
Here is a link:
"You can go from there and do a search on this guy to find out more. Three years ago he predited the earthquake in Japan and the tsunami to the day, the next one is for April 4th. I really hope that he is wrong this time.
Sincerely, William"
Related Articles
- Astrologer Hassan Jaffer's Jan 2010 Prediction about Japan's Tsunami was on target. And he's warning of a major Earthquake in April 2011 (prnewswire.com)
- On Earthquake Predictions and Similar Matters (stevebeckow.com)
- Alternative News Forum #1 in Search Results for Japan Earthquake Reports, Updates (alligatorfarm.wordpress.com)
- Top Posts & Pages On Alternative News Forum About the Coming Pole Shift (via Alternative News Forum) (angelbabe43.wordpress.com)
- 2011: World in Turmoil (alligatorfarm.wordpress.com)
- Breaking 3.11.11 Two Huge Asian Earthquakes, China 8.8, Japan 7.9 (alligatorfarm.wordpress.com)
- Arnold Gundersen, Fairewinds.com Video Reports on Japan's Current Situation (alligatorfarm.wordpress.com)
- Earthquake Prediction 2011 Jim Berkland (lebs295.wordpress.com)
- Freakonomics Radio: Why Can't We Predict Earthquakes? (freakonomics.com)
- What does the mantle have to do with the 2011 tsunami in japan (wiki.answers.com)
- Must See Doc: How the Japanese Tsunami Happened (blogs.indiewire.com)
- Earthquake in Myanmar not as social worthy as tsunami in Japan? (thekencook.com)


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CHATHAM -- There won't be any marijuana shops along Chatham's picturesque Main Street, or anywhere else in town. Nor will there be any ancillary services, such as cultivators, packagers and the like, after town meeting voted Monday to approve a bylaw that prohibits all recreational pot businesses.
With the vote Chatham joined Harwich to become the only two Lower/Outer Cape towns to ban the retail pot industry within their borders. Harwich town meeting voted last week to prohibit retail sales and any associated businesses.
Recreational pot stores don't fit with the character of Chatham, Norma Avellar, a finance committee member, told the packed meeting at the Monomoy middle school.
"I was embarrassed to hear a member of our ruling community saying that we should allow [recreational marijuana] because it was good economics - people could make money," she said, adding, "Since when is money more important than lives?"
Resident Elaine Gibbs said that if marijuana shops were allowed in town it would send a bad message.
"When a group of adults votes for something like this in a town, what message does that give our kids and our grandkids?" she asked. Others said pot retailers would ruin the town's family friendly reputation, and some brought up concerns tied to addiction.
But there was opposition to the bylaw.
"Pot shops are respectable stores selling to respectable citizens," planning board member Bob Wirtshafter said.
He and another voter argued that recreational pot shops would be regulated and that marijuana sales should be allowed in a controlled environment.
Similar debates have been heard at town meetings in recent weeks and months.
In the Lower/Outer Cape, retail and medical establishments are eventually expected to open in Brewster, Eastham, Wellfleet and Provincetown. Orleans town meeting last week voted against a recreational ban and moratorium, and Truro town meeting in April nixed a proposed moratorium on both medical and recreational pot.
Chatham's bylaw does not apply to medical marijuana dispensaries.
Pot businesses weren't the only things banned by the Chatham town meeting.
A bylaw to prohibit the sale, distribution, release and discard of helium balloons – or any balloon filled with gas, in town was approved, effective Sept. 15.
It addresses public concerns about environmental hazards to wildlife and marine animals that can develop when balloons are not properly discarded.
In particular, deflated balloons and the strings attached to them can end up wrapped around sea life or swallowed by wildlife, for instance.
Suzanna Nickerson said she has a friend who picked up more than 500 deflated balloons with strings attached on Chatham beaches within a four-month period.
Monomoy student Spencer Drake is not of voting age but still stepped up to the microphone to encourage residents to vote in favor of the balloon ban. He said it will help protect the beauty of Cape Cod.
A few voters said that banning the sale of balloons won't solve the problem and that plastic and fishing nets and gear are more problematic.
Donna Lumpkin offered an amendment to allow Chatham-based non-profit groups to apply for a special permit allowing the sale of balloons. She specifically noted the Masons, who sell balloons at Chatham's summer band concerts in Kate Gould Park. The amendment didn't pass.
Director of Natural Resources Bob Duncanson noted the bylaw only regulates the sale and release of balloons in town – it will not stop people from buying them elsewhere and then displaying them in town.
The article passed 236-160, and included a series of fines for offenders.
Four capital requests were approved; Article 14 to appropriate $100,000 for a COA facility feasibility study; Article 15 to appropriate $483,000 for construction design documents, landscape, and site and building improvements/upgrades to the Eldredge Public Library; Article 16 to appropriate $450,000 for beach nourishment at Cockle Cove Beach and Harding's Beach, and Article 17 to appropriate $111,250 for taxiway reconstruction at the Chatham Municipal Airport.
Affordable housing efforts were advanced with the passage of Article 33 to appropriate $5,000 to fund a contract with an affordable housing consultant, Article 34 to appropriate $100,000 to the Affordable Housing Trust Fund, Article 35 seeking $10,000 to fund consulting services to complete the Housing Production Plan, and Article 35 seeking $200,000 to fund a Housing Buy-Down Program.

subset: commoncrawl


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Everyone's skincare routine needs a boost once winter weather sets in. This summer, I fell in love with a new, all-natural line called Back to Basics Skincare. Using some of the world's most organic, active ingredients, Back to Basics offers a unisex trio of oils that target different skincare needs, and are designed to fit into anyone's unique routine.
Founder Manon Von Csiky-Sessoms set out to craft these natural formulas after struggling with her own skin. Once finding that pure vitamin E relieved her hyperpigmentation more effectively than any of the high-end products she'd tried, Manon wondered if simple, organic ingredients might be the answer to most skincare woes. In the comfort of her own kitchen, Manon got to work and proved herself right. Whereas a lot of products mask issues with chemicals, Back to Basics Skincare seeks to help skin from the inside out.
The first oil Manon created is my favorite, and a total must-have this winter: the Avocado Repairing Oil is a rich yet non-greasy remedy for damaged or super dry skin. Made with eczema in mind, the soothing Repairing Oil works wonders on dry patches and skin that's raw from sun exposure, cold temperatures, or those moments when you've gone a little overboard attacking your blemishes. I like to put a few drops onto an exfoliating cotton pad and use the oil to gently buff away dead, flaky skin. Using this oil to heal damaged skin can also help prevent pesky scars and dark marks. The best part is that a little bit goes a long way, and it won't clog your pores.
The Rose Hip Radiance Oil helps brighten your complexion and even skin tone. I had a few faint but stubborn scars from a nasty brush with dermatitis last winter, and I noticed significant improvement within the first week of adding the Radiance Oil to my everyday moisturizer. A few months later, those marks have completely disappeared.
For me, the best way to balance my skin is to use a water-based moisturizer and control over the amount of oil I apply to my face. Back to Basics' third oil is the Macadamia Nut Hydrating Oil, which gives my moisturizer the perfect extra boost of hydration I need on cold, brisk days. When I'm wearing minimal or no makeup, I like to pat some of this oil onto my skin for a natural, dewy glow.
Any or all of these formulas would make great holiday gifts or stocking stuffers for everyone on your list—they can even be used as moisturizing beard oils! Plus, not only are they affordable, but Back to Basics Skincare products also come in sleek, minimal packaging that will look elegant and luxurious on anyone's vanity or bathroom counter. To sweeten the deal even more, Fashion Saucers can get a special discount by using the code 'STAYSAUCY' when placing an order with www.backtobasicsskin.com. Get back to basics, get shopping, and get the best skin of your life!


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Measure. Test. Automate.
Branom Instrument Co. is your number one source for process instrumentation for control and monitoring systems. We offer the largest product inventory in the Pacific Northwest. As authorized distributors and manufacturer's reps, we provide superior quality products from the industry's most trusted manufacturers. Our warehouses are stocked with thousands of products so we can quickly and easily fulfill your requirements.
Automation • Flow • Gas Analytics • Level • Liquid Analytics • Pressure • Temperature


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MOUNT PLEASANT, Mich. (AP) Kyle Randall scored a career-high 24 points, helping Central Michigan thwart a late Niagara rally and hold on for a 66-64 victory Sunday.
Randall, a senior who transferred from North Carolina-Greensboro before this season, was 7 of 12 from the field, including two 3-pointers, and 8 of 9 from the line. John Simons added 12 points and Chris Fowler had 11 for the Chippewas (4-3), who led by as many as 20 in the first half.
The Purple Eagles (2-5) erased that lead after halftime, and T.J. Cline's tip-in with 7 minutes to play gave Niagara its first lead, 50-49. Central Michigan retook the lead for good on Fowler's two free throws with 1:32 left, and the Chippewas made just enough foul shots in the final minute to secure the victory.
Antoine Mason led Niagara with 24 points, and Juan'ya Green added 12. Cline had nine points and 11 rebounds.


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Whew!! Finished!!
Took a week of..
- planning
- cutting
- designing
- taking photos
- changing
- sewing
- pressing
- taking photos
But finally, the quilt top is completed and now hangs on my design wall.
It measures approximately 66″ by 76″. In case your monitor displays my "pop" color as red, it is orange. Tangerine.
In the above photo I have the quilt turned on its side just to get it all in for the photo.
This is what it looked like before adding the borders.
After adding the borders. The bottom is the top. Sorry you have to twist your head a bit. 😀
I love this corner. The top right side. (Yes, I know. Another head twister. 😀 )
Some areas could have been arranged differently. Even could have used full blocks instead of half ones in a few spaces. But hindsight just helps me on the next one. I am satisfied with how it looks.
Now I have to decide the best way to quilt it.
I could outline each square. Would take forever!! I could do straight lines inside each vertical column. One to the right of the seam and one to the left of the seam. Or I could outline each zig-zag section. Following up, down, all around. Or even diagonal lines, corner to corner?
After spending a week making the quilt top, I don't really want to spend another week quilting it. I am so itching to get started on my next project.
Question to all you quilters out there….
How would you quilt my quilt top?
You can read my other posts about this quilt here.
And another… 😀
I am linking this post to "Finish It Up Friday" over at CrazyMomQuilts. Go check them all out.


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The E36 chassis 3-Series BMW was a huge hit among driving enthusiasts from the first moment the car hit the pavement. The E36 won numerous awards over the years it was produced and is still a favorite of many BMW enthusiasts to this day! -- View the E36 Wiki
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READ BEFORE POSTING: How To Ask Smart Questions (or, Dealing With The Oldschool Guys)
In the world of import automotive high performance, the kind of answers you get to your technical questions depends as much (or more) on the way you ask the questions as it does on the difficulty of developing the answer. This guide will teach you how to ask questions in a way more likely to get you a satisfactory answer.
The first thing to understand is that a lot of the technical people you'll find around here actually like hard problems and good, thought-provoking questions about them. If we didn't, we wouldn't be here. If you give us an interesting question to chew on we'll be grateful to you; good questions are a stimulus and a gift. Good questions help us develop our understanding, and often reveal problems we might not have noticed or thought about otherwise. "Good question!" is a strong and sincere compliment.
Despite this, a lot of us oldschool guys have a reputation for meeting simple questions with what looks like hostility or arrogance. It sometimes looks like we're reflexively rude to newbies and the ignorant. But this isn't really true.
What we are, unapologetically, is hostile to people who seem to be unwilling to think or to do their own homework before asking a question. People like that are time sinks - they take without giving back, and they waste time we could have spent on another question more interesting and another person more worthy of an answer.
We realize that there are many people who just want to drive the car, and who have no interest in learning technical details. For most people, a car is merely transportation, a means to an end; they have more important things to do and lives to live. We acknowledge that, and don't expect everyone to take an interest in the technical matters that fascinate us. Nevertheless, our style of answering questions is tuned for people who do take such an interest and are willing to be active participants in problem-solving. That's not going to change. Nor should it; if it did, we would become less effective at the things we do best.
We're volunteers. We take time out of busy lives to answer questions, and at times we're overwhelmed with them. So we filter what we answer. In particular, we don't reply to questions from people who appear to be "time sinks" in order to spend our question-answering time more efficiently, On people who will use the information we provide & will learn from it...
If you find this attitude obnoxious, condescending, or arrogant, check your assumptions. We're not asking you to genuflect to us -- in fact, most of us would love nothing more than to deal with you as an equal and welcome you into our culture, if you put in the effort required to make that possible. But it's simply not efficient or practical for us to try to help people who are not willing to help themselves. It's OK to be ignorant; it's not OK to be stupid.
So, while it isn't necessary to already be technically competent with the car to get attention from us, it is necessary to demonstrate the kind of attitude that leads to competence - alert, thoughtful, observant, willing to be an active partner in developing a solution. If you can't live with this sort of discrimination, we suggest you stop working on the BMW, sell it and buy a Honda Civic (they are cheap & reliable if left stock) instead of asking us to personally donate help to you.
If you decide to come to us for help, you don't want to be one of the "time-sinks". You don't want to seem like one, either. The best way to get a rapid and responsive answer is to ask it like a person with smarts, confidence, and clues who just happens to need help on one particular problem.
Before You Ask
Before asking a question do the following:
Try to find an answer by searching this website.
Try to find an answer by reading the Bentley Manual. If you don't have one, buy one, you are going to need it.
Try to find an answer by skimming bimmerdiy.com and pelicanparts.com both of these are excellent resources you should familiarize yourself with.
Try to find an answer by inspection or experimentation.
When you post your question, display the fact that you have done these things first; this will help establish that you're not being a lazy sponge and wasting people's time. Better yet, display what you have learned from doing these things. We like answering questions for people who have demonstrated they can learn from the answers.
Search! This might well take you straight to a thread answering your question. Even if it doesn't, saying "I searched on the following phrase but didn't get anything that looked promising" is a good thing to include in your post requesting help.
Prepare your question. Think it through. Hasty-sounding questions get hasty answers, or none at all. The more you do to demonstrate that having put thought and effort into solving your problem before seeking help, the more likely you are to actually get top shelf help.
Beware of asking the wrong question. If you ask one that is based on faulty assumptions, someone is quite likely to reply with a uselessly literal answer while thinking "Stupid question...", and hoping the experience of getting what you asked for rather than what you needed will teach you a lesson.
Never assume you are entitled to an answer. You are not; you don't pay us for the service. However you can (and will) earn an answer, by asking a substantial, interesting, and thought-provoking question - one that implicitly contributes to the experience of the community rather than merely passively demanding knowledge from others.
On the other hand, making it clear that you are able and willing to help in the process of developing the solution is a very good start. "Would someone provide a pointer?", "What test am I missing?", and "What should I have searched for?" are more likely to get answered than "Please post the exact procedure I should use." because in the former examples you're making it clear that you're truly willing to complete the process if someone can just point you in the right direction. In the last you want someone to read you the manual. Go buy one.
How to Search
Search with key words related to your issue. Read the threads that are returned. Modify your search to include new terms you learned from the previous results. This will yield more/different results. Do this, until you have exhausted the variety of terms applicable, and you may just find the answer before you make a new thread. This works on forum searches and Google searches. Try it.
Use Meaningful, Specific Subject Headers
On forums, the subject header is your golden opportunity to attract qualified experts' attention in 50 characters or less. Don't waste it on babble like "Please help me" (let alone "PLEASE HELP ME!!!!"; messages with subjects like that get discarded by reflex). Don't try to impress us with the depth of your anguish; use the space for a super-concise problem description instead.
One good convention for subject headers, used by many tech support organizations, is "object - deviation". The "object" part specifies what thing or group of things is having a problem, and the "deviation" part describes the deviation from expected behavior.
Engine running rough at idle
Engine running rough at idle after CAI install
The process of writing an "object-deviation" description will help you organize your thinking about the problem in more detail. What is affected? Does it idle roughly or die with throttle applied? Someone who sees a good subject line can immediately understand what it is that you are having a problem with and the problem you are having, at a glance.
More generally, look at the thread list in a forum. Note that just the subject lines are showing. Make your subject line reflect your question well enough that the next guy browsing the forum with a question similar to yours will be able to follow the thread to an answer rather than posting the question again.
Do not simply hit reply to a list message in order to start an entirely new thread. If you are going off in a different direction, search for a thread that applies to that subject. If you don't find it then post a new question. Changing the subject is not a good way to do things. Once a thread has a title it does not change even if you change the subject of your individual post. This makes it harder for people to find.
Make It Easy To Reply
Never end your post with something like "Please send your reply to [email protected]". If you can't be bothered to take even the few seconds required to come back and check your thread, we can't be bothered to take even a few seconds to think about your problem. On forums, asking for a reply by e-mail is outright rude, unless you believe the information may be sensitive (and somebody will, for some unknown reason, let you but not the whole forum know it). If you want an e-mail copy when somebody replies in the thread use the "subscribe to this thread" option.
Most of us believe solving problems should be a public, transparent process during which a first try at an answer can and should be corrected if someone more knowledgeable notices that it is incomplete or incorrect. Also, helpers get some of their reward for being respondents from being seen to be competent and knowledgeable by their peers.
When you ask for a private reply, you are disrupting both the process and the reward. Don't do this. It's the respondent's choice whether to reply privately - and if he does, it's usually because he thinks the question is too ill-formed or obvious to be interesting to others.
Write in Clear, Grammatical, Correctly-Spelled Language
Most of us have found by experience that people who are careless and sloppy writers are usually (there are exceptions) careless and sloppy at thinking and working on cars. Answering questions for careless and sloppy thinkers is not rewarding; we'd rather spend our time elsewhere.
So expressing your question clearly and well is important. If you can't be bothered to do that, we can't be bothered to pay attention. Spend the extra effort to polish your language. It doesn't have to be stiff or formal in fact, the car culture values informal, slangy and humorous language used with precision. But it has to be precise; there has to be some indication that you're thinking and paying attention.
Spell, punctuate, and capitalize correctly. Don't confuse "its" with "it's", "loose" with "lose", or "they're" with "there". Don't TYPE IN ALL CAPS; this is read as shouting and considered rude. (All lowercase is only slightly less annoying, as it's difficult to read.)
More generally, if you write like a semi-literate boob you will very likely be ignored. Writing like a l33t script kiddie hax0r or a gangsta from the ghetto is the absolute kiss of death with us and guarantees you will receive nothing but stony silence (or, at best, a heaping helping of scorn and sarcasm) in return.
If you are asking questions on our forum and English is not your native language, we will give you a reasonable amount of slack for spelling and grammar errors - but no extra slack at all for laziness (and yes, we can usually spot that difference).
Be Precise and Informative About Your Problem
Describe the symptoms of your problem or project carefully and clearly.
Describe the car in which it occurs (1994 325is 5-spd with ASC). List any mods or recent work you may have done to your car clearly in the post or, provide your full mod list in your sig.
Describe the research you did to try and understand the problem before you asked the question.
Describe the diagnostic steps you took to try and pin down the problem yourself before you asked the question.
Describe any possibly relevant recent changes to your car. After 10 posts and queries it's maddening to see "oh yea, I forgot to mention I swapped out the fuel pump the day before".
Do the best you can to anticipate the questions a people will ask, and answer them in advance in your request for help.
Volume Is Not Precision
You need to be precise and informative. This end is not served by simply writing a long winded description of the date you were on, or what had for dinner into your help request. If you have a large, complicated situation, try to trim it and make it as small as possible.
This is useful for at least three reasons:
1. Being seen to invest effort in simplifying the question makes it more likely you'll get an answer
2. Simplifying the question makes it more likely you'll get a useful answer.
In the process of refining your post, you may develop a fix or workaround yourself.
Describe Your Problem's Symptoms In Chronological Order
The clues most useful in figuring out something that went wrong often lie in the events immediately prior. So, your description should provide precisely what you did, and what the car did, leading up to the blowup. "I stopped to get gas and then problem x happened" can save us all a lot of work.
All E36s have diagnostic codes. Check the ECU for them before posting a question. Include any codes you got in your description.1992-1995 models use OBDI, and codes can be obtained using the pedal trick. 1996+ models are OBDII and you will need an OBDII code reader to pull the codes.
If your post ends up being long (more than about four paragraphs), it might be useful to succinctly state the problem up top, then follow with the chronological tale. That way, people will know what to watch for in reading your account.
Describe the goal, not the step
If you are trying to find out how to do something (as opposed to reporting a problem), begin by describing the goal. Only then describe the particular step towards it that you are blocked on.
Often, people who need technical help have a high-level goal in mind and get stuck on what they think is one particular path towards the goal. They come for help with the step, but don't realize that the path is wrong. It can take substantial effort to get past this.
How do I make 400RWHP on my M50?
I want to run 12 second ¼ times, is 400RWHP enough to make an otherwise stock car run them?
The second version of the question is smart. It allows an answer that suggests a tool or part better suited to the task.
Be Explicit About Your Question
Open-ended questions tend to be perceived as open-ended time sinks. Those people most likely to be able to give you a useful answer are also the busiest people (if only because they take on the most work themselves). People like that are allergic to open-ended time sinks, thus they tend to be allergic to open-ended questions.
You are more likely to get a useful response if you are explicit about what you want respondents to do (provide pointers, suggest parts, check your install method, whatever). This will focus their effort and implicitly put an upper bound on the time and energy a respondent must allocate to helping you. This is good.
To understand the world the experts live in, think of expertise as an abundant resource and time to respond as a scarce one. The less of a time commitment you implicitly ask for, the more likely you are to get an answer from someone really good and really busy.
So it is useful to frame your question to minimize the time commitment required for an expert to field it - but this is often not the same thing as simplifying the question. Thus, for example, "Would you give me a pointer to a good explanation of VANOS?" is usually a smarter question than "Would you explain VANOS, please?".
Prune Pointless Queries
Resist the temptation to close your request for help with semantically-null questions like "Can anyone help me?" or "Is there an answer?" First: if you've written your problem description halfway competently, such tacked-on questions are at best superfluous. Second: because they are superfluous, people find them annoying - and are likely to return logically impeccable but dismissive answers like "Yes, you can be helped" and "No, there is no help for you."
In general, asking yes-or-no questions is a good thing to avoid unless you want a yes-or-no answer.
Courtesy Never Hurts, and Sometimes Helps
Be courteous. Use "Please" and "Thanks for your attention" or "Thanks for your consideration". Make it clear you appreciate the time people spend helping you for free.
To be honest, this isn't as important as (and cannot substitute for) being grammatical, clear, precise and descriptive, etc.; We would all in general would rather get somewhat brusque but technically sharp posts than polite vagueness. (If this puzzles you, remember that we value a question by what it teaches all of us.)
However, if you've got your technical ducks in a row, politeness does increase your chances of getting a useful answer.
Follow Up With A Brief Note on the Solution
Post after the problem has been solved; let everyone know how it came out and thank everyone again for their help. I can't stress how important this is.
Your followup doesn't have to be long and involved; a simple "Hey! It was a failed fuel pump! Thanks, everyone. - Bill" would be better than nothing. In fact, a short and sweet summary is better than a long dissertation unless the solution has real technical depth. Say what action solved the problem, but you need not replay the whole troubleshooting sequence.
For problems with some depth, it is appropriate to post a summary of the troubleshooting history. Describe your final problem statement. Describe what worked as a solution, and indicate avoidable blind alleys and wastes of time after that. The blind alleys and wastes of time should come after the correct solution and other summary material, rather than turning the follow-up into a detective story. Name the names of people who helped you; you'll make friends that way.
Besides being courteous and informative, this sort of followup will help others searching the forum to know exactly which solution helped you and thus may also help them.
Last, and not least, this sort of followup helps everybody who assisted feel a satisfying sense of closure about the problem. If you are not a techie or mechanic yourself, trust us that this feeling is very important to the gurus and experts you tapped for help. Problem narratives that trail off into unresolved nothingness are frustrating things; we itch to see them resolved. The goodwill that scratching that itch earns you will be very, very helpful to you next time you need to pose a question.
Consider how you might be able to prevent others from having the same problem in the future. Ask yourself if a sticky or addition to the FAQ would help, and if the answer is yes, ask a mod or admin to stick or copy to the FAQ.
We really like to see this, and this sort of good followup behavior is actually more important than conventional politeness. It's how you get a reputation for playing well with others, which can be a very valuable asset.
RTFM and Search! - or - How To Tell You've Seriously Screwed Up
There is an ancient and hallowed tradition: if you get a reply that reads "RTFM", the person who sent it thinks you should have Read The F*cking Manual. He or she is almost certainly right. Go read it.
RTFM has a younger relative. If you get a reply that reads Search!, the person who sent it thinks you should have searched the site. He or she is almost certainly right. Go search it. (The milder version of this is when you are told "Google is your friend!") In fact, someone may even be so kind as to provide a pointer to the previous thread where this problem was solved. But do not rely on this consideration; do your searching before asking.
Often, the person telling you to do a search has the manual or the web page with the information you need open, and is looking at it as he or she types. These replies mean that he thinks (a) the information you need is easy to find, and (b) you will learn more if you seek out the information than if you have it spoon-fed to you.
You shouldn't be offended by this; by our standards, your respondent is showing you a rough kind of respect simply by not ignoring you. You should instead be thankful for this grandmotherly kindness.
Sometimes an answer will be "Bentley EWD 153" - this means your question is answered in the Bentley in the Electrical Wiring Diagram section on page 153" - if you don't have a Bentley, buy one. (There are PDFs of it online, but we'd rather see you pay for that copyrighted material to encourage our manufacturer to keep printing the manuals.
If You Don't Understand...
If you don't understand the answer, do not immediately bounce back a demand for clarification. Use the same tools that you used to try and answer your original question (The Bentley, DIYs, the Web, skilled friends) to understand the answer. Then, if you still need to ask for clarification, exhibit what you have learned.
For example, suppose I tell you: "It sounds like you've got a dirty MAF; you'll need to clean it" Then: here's a bad followup question: "What's a MAF?" Here's a good followup question: "OK, I read the Bentley and page and I found the MAF, but it doesn't say anything about cleaning it. Can you point me to directions for the best way to clean the MAF?"
Dealing With Rudeness
Much of what looks like rudeness in our circles is not intended to give offence. Rather, it's the product of the direct, cut-through-the-bullsh*t communications style that is natural to people who are more concerned about the tech and solving problems than making others feel good about themselves.
When you perceive rudeness, try to react calmly. If someone is really acting out, it is very likely an admin like me on the forum will call him or her on it. If that doesn't happen and you lose your temper, it is likely that the person you lose it at was behaving within the community's norms and you will be considered at fault. This will hurt your chances of getting the information or help you want.
On the other hand, you will occasionally run across rudeness and posturing that is quite gratuitous. The flip-side of the above is that it is acceptable form to slam real offenders quite hard, dissecting their misbehavior with a sharp verbal scalpel. Be very, very sure of your ground before you try this, however. The line between correcting an incivility and starting a pointless flamewar is thin enough that even moderators and administrators themselves not infrequently blunder across it; if you are a newbie or an outsider, your chances of avoiding such a blunder are low. If you're after information rather than entertainment, it's better to keep your fingers off the keyboard than to risk this. We do ban people for using this as a form of entertainment. Please don't do it.
In the next section, we'll talk about a different issue; the kind of "rudeness" you'll see when you misbehave.
On Not Reacting Like A Complete Loser
Odds are you'll screw up a few times on the forum - in ways detailed in this article, or similar. And you'll be told exactly how you screwed up, possibly with colorful asides. In public.
When this happens, the worst thing you can do is whine about the experience, claim to have been verbally assaulted, demand apologies, scream, hold your breath, threaten lawsuits, complain to people's employers, leave the toilet seat up, etc. Instead, here's what you do:
Get over it. It's normal. In fact, it's healthy and appropriate.
Community standards do not maintain themselves: They're maintained by people actively applying them, visibly, in public. Don't whine that all criticism should have been conveyed via private e-mail: That's not how it works. Nor is it useful to insist you've been personally insulted when someone comments that one of your claims was wrong, or that his views differ. We don't have time to teach everyone on a one on one basis. If you get slammed in public, everyone learns from it.
There have been forums where, out of some misguided sense of hyper-courtesy, participants are banned from posting any fault-finding with another's posts, and told "Don't say anything if you're unwilling to help the user." The resulting departure of clueful participants to elsewhere causes them to descend into meaningless babble and become useless as technical forums. We don't want that to happen here. Grow a thicker skin.
Motivations for Calling You on Your Bad Behavior
Remember: When that someone tells you that you've screwed up, and (no matter how gruffly) tells you not to do it again, he's acting out of concern for (1) you and (2) his community. It would be much easier for him to ignore you and filter you out of his life. If you can't manage to be grateful, at least have a little dignity, don't whine, and don't expect to be treated like a fragile doll just because you're a newcomer with a theatrically hypersensitive soul and delusions of entitlement. We don't have time for it.
Sometimes people will attack you personally, flame without an apparent reason, etc., even if you don't screw up (or have only screwed up in their imagination). In this case, complaining is the way to really screw up.
These flamers are either idiots who don't have a clue but believe themselves to be experts, or would-be psychologists testing whether you'll screw up. The other readers either ignore them, or find ways to deal with them on their own. The flamers' behavior creates problems for themselves, which don't have to concern you. Trust us, the administrators and moderations staff will handle these people.
Don't let yourself be drawn into a flamewar, either. Most flames are best ignored - after you've checked whether they are really flames, not pointers to the ways in which you have screwed up, and not cleverly ciphered answers to your real question (this happens as well).
Good and Bad Questions
Finally, I'm going to illustrate how to ask questions in a smart way by example; pairs of questions about the same problem, one asked in a stupid way and one in a smart way.
Stupid: Where can I find out stuff about the M50 intake mani swap for an M52? - (This question just begs for "Search..." as a reply.)
Smart: I used search to try to find out about the M52 -> M50 intake mani swap, but I got no useful hits. Where can I find out how it affects low end torque ?
Stupid: I'm having problems with my car. Can anybody help? - (The average response to this is likely to be "Yes, if you'd tell us what is wrong..")
Smart: I tried X, Y, and Z on on my car. When that didn't work, I tried A, B, and C. Note the curious symptom when I tried C. Obviously the ignition isn't getting power, but the results aren't what one might expect. Anybody got ideas for more tests I can run to pin down the problem?
The second person here seems worthy of an answer. He/she has exhibited problem-solving intelligence rather than passively waiting for an answer to drop from on high.
In the last question, notice the subtle but important difference between demanding "Give me an answer" and "Please help me figure out what additional diagnostics I can run to achieve enlightenment."
If You Can't Get An Answer
If you can't get an answer, please don't take it personally that we don't feel we can help you. Sometimes the members of the asked group may simply not know the answer. No response is not the same as being ignored, though admittedly it's hard to spot the difference from outside.
'Bumping' your question more than once every 24 hours is a bad idea. This will be seen as pointlessly annoying. Have patience: the person with your answer may currently be asleep, in a different time-zone, on vacation, etc.
There are also plenty of commercial companies you can go to for help, both large and small. Don't be dismayed at the idea of having to pay for a bit of help! Mechanics & shops exist for reason.
Participating: How To Answer Questions in a Helpful Way
Be gentle. Problem-related stress can make people seem rude or stupid even when they're not. Sometimes they are just freaked out that this car they have dumped thousands of dollars into is now dumping on them!
If you don't know for sure, say so! A wrong but authoritative-sounding answer is worse than none at all. Don't point anyone down a wrong path simply because it's fun to sound like an expert. Be humble and honest; set a good example for both the querent and your peers. If someone corrects you, accept it with good grace.
If you can't help, don't hinder. Don't make jokes about procedures that could trash the car - the poor sap might interpret these as instructions. I've seen this happen!
Ask probing questions to elicit more details. If you're good at this, the querent will learn something - and so might you. Try to turn the bad question into a good one; remember we were all newbies once.
While just muttering "Search" is sometimes justified when replying to someone who is just a lazy slob, a pointer to documentation (even if it's just a suggestion to search for a specific key phrase) is better.
If you're going to answer the question at all, give good value. Don't suggest crappy workarounds when somebody is using the wrong tool or approach. Suggest good tools, the right parts - Reframe the question.
Help your community learn from the question. When you field a good question, ask yourself "How would the relevant documentation or DIYs have to change so that nobody has to answer this again?" Then contact a mod or admin for a sticky or consider framing your answer into a new DIY.
If you did research to answer the question, demonstrate your skills rather than writing as though you pulled the answer out of your butt. Answering one good question is like feeding a hungry person one meal, but teaching them research skills by example is teaching them to grow food for a lifetime.
Thank you for taking the time to read this, and showing an interest in being a valuable part of our community. We all look forward to interacting with you, helping you, and learning from you.
On behalf of all of us here at Bimmerfest,
-Chad Thompson
Original Text Mike Donohue, "Supracentral" on SupraMania.com
Edited & Adapted for E36 use Chad Thompson, "E36 Phantom" on BimmerFest.com
// Chad //
// 2006 BMW 330i Sport 6MT // 2006 Toyota Highlander Hybrid //
// 1997 Range Rover 4.0 // 1994 Range Rover Classic //
// 1997 Land Rover Discovery // 1998 Land Rover Discovery //
// 2009 Kawasaki Concours 14 // 2006 Kawasaki Ninja 250 //
// 1999 Chevy Tahoe //
Ok...this is getting ridiculous. Someone come buy a few of these things.
You posted 'the monologue'?
Good work
I was reading this the other day wondering why you hadn't posted it up on it's own.
Yeah, I wanted to make a few edits to it, clear up a few sections, etc. I deleted a couple decent size chunks I didn't think were really useful here, added a couple things, and in general made it applicable to E36s and our forum specifically. It should be stickied soon and we can point noobs to it so they can know how to post good, thought provoking questions here.
// Chad //
// 2006 BMW 330i Sport 6MT // 2006 Toyota Highlander Hybrid //
// 1997 Range Rover 4.0 // 1994 Range Rover Classic //
// 1997 Land Rover Discovery // 1998 Land Rover Discovery //
// 2009 Kawasaki Concours 14 // 2006 Kawasaki Ninja 250 //
// 1999 Chevy Tahoe //
Ok...this is getting ridiculous. Someone come buy a few of these things.
Hey everyone,
Instead of sticking another thread, I thought I'd BUMP this one.
Please, we encourage the use of the "Report" button on problematic users. If you see a member acting out of line or just is just plain being offensive, please do not hesitate to report it. Responding to an offensive post can be warning/infraction worthy if you attack the other member back.
Now, we look over all reported post. There may be times that we may not respond quickly, or you don't see any immediate changes, but know that we are watching reported threads/post and we sometimes observe them to see if any changes are made in the posting style of the thread. So please be patient with us.
With that said, thank you for all the contributing members that make this forum better and more knowledgeable everyday.
Any questions, please PM me or any other moderator.
Restuck for now!
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text:
Tony Award
|Tony Award
|68th Tony Awards
Designed by Herman Rosse, 1949
|Awarded for
|Excellence in Broadway theatre
|United States
|Presented by
|American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League
|First awarded
|Official website
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known informally as the Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League[1] at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre. Several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award.[2] The awards are named after Antoinette Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing.
The rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document "Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wing's Tony Awards", which applies for that season only.[3] The Tony Awards are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor, the New York theatre industry's equivalent to the Academy Awards (Oscars) for motion pictures, the Grammy Awards for music and the Emmy Awards for television, and the Laurence Olivier Award for theatre in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France.
From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, when it was held at the Gershwin Theatre.[4] In 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre.[5] The 67th Tony Awards returned to Radio City Music Hall on June 9, 2013,[6] as did the 68th Tony Awards on June 8, 2014.
Award categories
As of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years. Some examples: the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called "Best Author (Musical)". The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards. For two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer (Dramatic) and Best Costume Designer (Musical). It then went to a single category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a single category was for directors of plays and musicals prior to 1960.[7]
A newly established non-competitive award, The [8]
The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season.[9] The categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season.[10]
Performance categories
- Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play
- Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play
- Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical
- Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical
- Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play
- Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play
- Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical
- Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical
Show and technical categories
- Best Musical
- Best Revival of a Musical
- Best Direction of a Musical
- Best Book of a Musical
- Best Original Score
- Best Orchestrations
- Best Choreography
- Best Scenic Design of a Musical
- Best Costume Design of a Musical
- Best Lighting Design of a Musical
- Best Play
- Best Revival of a Play
- Best Direction of a Play
- Best Costume Design of a Play
- Best Scenic Design of a Play
- Best Lighting Design of a Play
Special awards
- Regional Theatre Tony Award
- Special Tony Award (includes Lifetime Achievement Award)
- Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre
- Isabelle Stevenson Award
Retired awards
- Tony Award for Best Author
- Best Conductor and Musical Director
- Tony Award for Best Revival (split into two categories: Best Revival of a Musical and Best Revival of a Play)
- Tony Award for Best Stage Technician
- Best Special Theatrical Event
- Best Director (split into two categories: Best Direction of a Musical and Best Direction of a Play)
- Best Sound Design of a Musical
- Best Sound Design of a Play
The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946.[11] As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, "At [Warner Bros. story editor] Jacob Wilk's suggestion, [Pemberton] proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting and technical achievement. At the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony. The name stuck."[12]
The first awards ceremony was held on April 6, 1947, at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York City.[13] The first prizes were "a scroll, cigarette lighter and articles of jewelry such as 14-carat gold compacts and bracelets for the women, and money clips for the men."[14] It was not until the third awards ceremony in 1949 that the first Tony medallion was given to award winners.[14]
Awarded by a panel of approximately 868 voters (as of 2014)[15] from various areas of the entertainment industry and press, the Tony Award is generally regarded as the theatre's equivalent to the Academy Award, for excellence in film; the Grammy Award, for the music industry, and the Emmy Award, for excellence in television. In British theatre, the equivalent of the Tony Award is the Laurence Olivier Award. A number of the world's longest-running and most successful shows, as well as some actors, directors, choreographers and designers, have received both Tony Awards and Olivier Awards.
Since 1967, the award ceremony has been broadcast on U.S. national television and includes songs from the nominated musicals, and occasionally has included video clips of, or presentations about, nominated plays. The American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League jointly present and administer the awards. Audience size for the telecast is generally well below that of the Academy Awards shows, but the program reaches an affluent audience, which is prized by advertisers. According to a June 2003 article in The New York Times: "What the Tony broadcast does have, say CBS officials, is an all-important demographic: rich and smart. Jack Sussman, CBS's senior vice president in charge of specials, said the Tony show sold almost all its advertising slots shortly after CBS announced it would present the three hours. 'It draws upscale premium viewers who are attractive to upscale premium advertisers,' Mr. Sussman said..."[16][17] The viewership has declined from the early years of its broadcast history (for example, the number of viewers in 1974 was 20,026,000, in 1999 9,155,000) but has settled into between six and eight million viewers for most of the decade of the 2000s.[18] In contrast, the 2009 Oscar telecast had 36.3 million viewers.[19]
The medallion
The Tony Award medallion was designed by art director Herman Rosse and is a mix of mostly brass and a little bronze, with a nickel plating on the outside; a black acrylic glass base, and the nickel-plated pewter swivel.[20] The face of the medallion portrays an adaptation of the comedy and tragedy masks. Originally, the reverse side had a relief profile of Antoinette Perry; this later was changed to contain the winner's name, award category, production and year. The medallion has been mounted on a black base since 1967.[21][22]
A larger base was introduced in time for the 2010 award ceremony. The new base is slightly taller – 5 inches (13 cm), up from 3 1⁄4 inches (8.3 cm) – and heavier – 3 1⁄2 pounds (1.6 kg), up from 1 1⁄2 pounds (680 grams). This change was implemented to make the award "feel more substantial" and easier to handle at the moment the award is presented to the winners. According to Howard Sherman, the executive director of the American Theatre Wing:
We know the physical scale of the Oscars, Emmys and Grammys he said. While we're not attempting to keep up with the Joneses, we felt this is a significant award, and it could feel and look a bit more significant... By adding height, now someone can grip the Tony, raise it over their head in triumph and not worry about keeping their grip he said. Believe me, you can tell the difference.[23]
For the specific Tony Awards presented to a Broadway production, awards are given to the author and up to two of the producers free of charge. All other members of the above-the-title producing team are eligible to purchase the physical award. Sums collected are designed to help defray the cost of the Tony Awards ceremony itself. An award cost $400 as of at least 2000, $750 as of at least 2009, and, as of 2013, had been $2,500 "for several years", according to Tony Award Productions.[24]
Details of the Tony Awards
Source: Tony Awards Official Site, Rules[15]
Rules for a new play or musical
For the purposes of the award, a new play or musical is one that has not previously been produced on Broadway and is not "determined to be 'classic' or in the historical or popular repertoire", as determined by the Administration Committee (per Section (2g) of the Rules and Regulations).[3] The rule about "classic" productions was instituted by the Tony Award Administration Committee in 2002, and stated (in summary) "A play or musical that is determined ... to be a 'classic' or in the historical or popular repertoire shall not be eligible for an Award in the Best Play or Best Musical Category but may be eligible in that appropriate Best Revival category."[25] Shows transferred from Off-Broadway or the West End are eligible as "new", as are productions based closely on films.
This rule has been the subject of some controversy, as some shows have been ruled ineligible for the "new" category, meaning that their authors did not have a chance to win the important awards of Best Play or Best Musical (or Best Score or Best Book for musicals). On the other hand, some people feel that allowing plays and musicals that have been frequently produced to be eligible as "new" gives them an unfair advantage, because they will have benefited from additional development time as well as additional familiarity with the Tony voters.
Committees and voters
The Tony Awards Administration Committee has twenty-four members: ten designated by the American Theatre Wing, ten by The Broadway League, and one each by the Dramatists Guild, Actors' Equity Association, United Scenic Artists and the Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers. This committee, among other duties, determines eligibility for nominations in all awards categories.[26]
The Tony Awards Nominating Committee makes the nominations for the various categories. This rotating group of theatre professionals is selected by the Tony Awards Administration Committee. Nominators serve three-year terms and are asked to see every new Broadway production.[27] The Nominating Committee for the 2012-13 Broadway season (named in June 2012) had 42 members;[28] the Nominating Committee for the 2014-2015 season has 50 members and was appointed in June 2014.[27]
There are approximately 868 eligible Tony Award voters (as of 2014),[15] a number that changes slightly from year to year. The number was decreased in 2009 when the first-night critics were excluded as voters.[29][30] That decision was changed, and members of the New York Drama Critics' Circle were invited to be Tony voters beginning in the 2010-2011 season.[31]
The eligible Tony voters include the board of directors and designated members of the advisory committee of the American Theatre Wing, members of the governing boards of Actors' Equity Association, the Dramatists Guild, the Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers, United Scenic Artists, and the Association of Theatrical Press Agents and Managers, members of the Theatrical Council of the Casting Society of America and voting members of The Broadway League.
Eligibility date (Season)
To be eligible for Tony Award consideration, a production must have officially opened on Broadway by the eligibility date that the Management Committee establishes each year. For example, the cut-off date for eligibility the 2013–2014 season was April 24, 2014.[32] The season for Tony Award eligibility is defined in the Rules and Regulations.
Broadway theatre
A Broadway theatre is defined as having 500 or more seats, among other requirements. While the rules define a Broadway theatre in terms of its size, not its geographical location, the list of Broadway theatres is determined solely by the Tony Awards Administration Committee. As of the 2010–2011 season, the list consisted solely of the 40 theaters located in the vicinity of Times Square in New York City and Lincoln Center's Vivian Beaumont Theater.[33]
While the theatre-going public may consider the Tony Awards to be the Oscars of live theatre, critics have suggested that the Tony Awards are primarily a promotional vehicle for a small number of large production companies and theatre owners in New York City.[34] In a 2014 Playbill article, Robert Simonson wrote that "Who gets to perform on the Tony Awards broadcast, what they get to perform, and for how long, have long been politically charged questions in the Broadway theatre community..." The producers "accept the situation ... because just as much as actually winning a Tony, a performance that lands well with the viewing public can translate into big box-office sales." Producer Robyn Goodman noted that if the presentation at the ceremony shows well, and the show wins a Tony, "you're going to spike at the box office". [35]
Award milestones
Some notable records and facts about the Tony Awards include the following:[36]
- Productions
- Wins: The most Tony Awards ever received by a single production was the musical The Producers (2001) with 12 awards, including best musical.
- Non-musical wins: The most Tonys ever received by a non-musical play was The Coast of Utopia (2007) with seven awards, including best play.
- Most nominated with fewer wins: The musical The Scottsboro Boys (2011) was nominated for 12 Tony Awards but did not win any.[37] It also holds the record for most nominations for a closed show (having closed nearly six months before the Tony Awards).
- Three productions, all musicals, have won all "big six" awards for their category: South Pacific (1950 awards), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979 awards) and Hairspray (2003 awards);[38] each won the Best Musical, Best Score, Best Book, Best Performance by a Leading Actor, Best Performance by a Leading Actress and Best Direction awards.
- Acting Awards: Only one production, South Pacific (1950 awards), has won all four of the acting awards in a single year.
- Words and Music: Only four musicals have won the Tony Award for Best Musical when a person had (co-)written the Book (non-sung dialogue and storyline) and the Score (music and lyrics): 1958 winner The Music Man (Meredith Willson – award for Book and Score did not exist that year), 1986 winner The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Rupert Holmes – who also won for Book and Score), 1996 winner Rent (Jonathan Larson – who also won for Book and Score), and 2011 winner The Book of Mormon (Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone also won for Book and Score).
- Design Awards: Eight shows have swept the design awards (original 3 of Best Scenic Design, Best Costume Design, Best Lighting Design – joined by Best Sound Design starting in 2008): Follies (1972), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), The Lion King (1998), The Producers (2001), The Light in the Piazza (2005), The Coast of Utopia (2007), the 2008 revival of South Pacific (first to sweep the expanded 4 awards for Creative Arts) and Peter and the Starcatcher (first straight play to sweep the expanded four awards for Creative Arts) (2012).
- Revivals: Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller in 2012 became the first show (play or musical) to win as Best Production in four different years, Best Play at the 1949 awards, Best Revival at the 1984 awards (before the Best Revival award was split into two categories for Play and Musical in 1994), and Best Revival of a Play at the 1999 and 2012 awards. La Cage aux Folles made history as the first musical to win as Best Production in three different years, Best Musical at the 1984 awards and Best Revival of a Musical at both the 2005 awards and the 2010 awards.
- Individuals
- Wins: Harold Prince has won 21 Tony Awards, more than anyone else, including eight for directing, eight for producing, two as producer of a year's Best Musical, and three special Tony Awards. Tommy Tune has won nine Tony Awards including three for direction, four for choreography, and two for performing. Stephen Sondheim has won more Tony Awards than any other composer, with eight. Bob Fosse has won the most Tonys for choreography, also eight. Oliver Smith has won a record eight scenic design Tony Awards. Jules Fisher has won the most lighting design awards, also eight. Audra McDonald has the most performance Tony Awards with six. Terrence McNally and Tom Stoppard are the most awarded writers with four Tonys each; McNally has won Best Play twice and Best Book of a Musical twice, while Stoppard has won Best Play four times.
- Most nominations: Julie Harris has been nominated more often than any other performer, a total of ten times.
- Performers in two categories: Five performers have been nominated in two acting categories in the same year: Heartbreak House. In 2002, Burton was nominated for Best Actress in Play for Hedda Gabler and Best Featured Actress in a Play for The Elephant Man. Maxwell was nominated in 2010 for Best Actress in a Play for The Royal Family and Best Featured Actress in a Play for Lend Me a Tenor. Rylance was nominated in 2014 for Best Actor in a Play for Richard III and Best Featured Actor in a Play for Twelfth Night, for which he won.
Performers in all categories: Five performers have been nominated for all four performance awards for which a performer is eligible.
- Boyd Gaines was the first performer to be nominated for each of Best Featured Actor in a Play in The Heidi Chronicles (1989), Best Actor in a Musical for She Loves Me (1994), Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Contact (2000) and Gypsy (2008) and Best Actor in a Play for Journey's End (2007). Gaines won in three of the categories (and four of the five nominations), missing only for the performance in Journey's End.
- Raúl Esparza was the second performer to be nominated in all four categories (no wins), achieving this over a mere six seasons: Best Featured Actor in a Musical for Taboo (2004), Best Actor in a Musical for Company (2007), Best Featured Actor in a Play for The Homecoming (2008), and Best Actor in a Play for Speed-the-Plow (2009).
- Angela Lansbury was the third performer to be nominated for all four performance awards. She won Best Actress in a Musical for Mame (1966), Dear World (1969), Gypsy (1975), and Sweeney Todd (1979). She was nominated for Best Actress in a Play for Deuce (2007). She won Best Featured Actress in a Play for Blithe Spirit (2009). She was nominated for Featured Actress in a Musical for A Little Night Music (2010).
- Jan Maxwell became the fourth performer to achieve this distinction by being nominated for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (2005), Best Featured Actress in a Play for Coram Boy (2007) and Lend Me a Tenor (2010), Best Actress in a Play for The Royal Family (2010), and Best Actress in a Musical for Follies (2012).
- Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill (2014). She was nominated for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical for Marie Christine (2000) and 110 in the Shade (2007).
- Performers Playing Opposite Sex: While several performers have won Tonys for roles that have involved cross dressing, only four have won for playing a character of the opposite sex: Mary Martin in the title role of Peter Pan (1955), Harvey Fierstein as Edna Turnblad in Hairspray (2003), Mark Rylance as Olivia in Twelfth Night (2014), and Lena Hall as Yitzhak in Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2014). In 2000, Australian actor Barry Humphries won the Special Tony Award for a live theatrical event at the 55th Annual Tony Awards for Dame Edna: The Royal Tour.
- Shared Performances: All three of the young actors who shared the duties of performing the lead character in Billy Elliot the Musical (2009 awards) – David Alvarez, Trent Kowalik and Kiril Kulish – also shared a single nomination, then shared the win, for Best Actor in a Musical. Previously, the only prior joint winners were John Kani and Winston Ntshona, who shared the Best Actor in a Play award in 1975 for Sizwe Banzi is Dead and The Island, two plays they co-wrote and co-starred in.
- Both sexes in one role: Ben Vereen and Patina Miller both won, respectively, Best Actor in a Musical in 1972 and Best Actress in a Musical in 2013 for the role of the Leading Player in Pippin, marking the first time the same role has been won by both a male and a female in a Broadway production.
- Writing and performing: Two people have won Tonys as an author and as a performer. Harvey Fierstein won Best Play and Best Lead Actor in a Play for Torch Song Trilogy (1983). Tracy Letts, the author of 2008 Best Play August: Osage County, won Best Lead Actor in a Play for Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (2013).
- Firsts
- First female to win Best Direction of a Musical: Julie Taymor for The Lion King in 1998.
- First female to win Best Direction of a Play: Garry Hynes for The Beauty Queen of Leenane in 1998.
- First female author to win Best Play: Frances Goodrich with her partner (and husband) Albert Hackett for The Diary of Anne Frank in 1956; Wendy Wasserstein for The Heidi Chronicles in 1989 was the first solo winner.
- First African-American author to win Best Play: Joseph A. Walker for The River Niger in 1974.
- First African-American to win Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play: Phylicia Rashad for A Raisin in the Sun in 2004.
- First African-American to win Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play: James Earl Jones for The Great White Hope in 1969.
- First African-American to win Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical: Cleavon Little for Purlie in 1970.
- First African-American to win Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical: Diahann Carroll for No Strings in 1962.
- First Asian-American to win Best Play: David Henry Hwang for M Butterfly in 1988.
- First female to solely win Tony Award for Best Score: Cyndi Lauper for Kinky Boots in 2013.
See also
- List of Tony Awards ceremonies
- Drama Desk Awards
- Laurence Olivier Awards
- Helpmann Awards
- Obie Awards
- New York Drama Critics' Circle
- Theatre World Award
- Broadway theatre
- The Society of London Theatre
- List of persons who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards
- List of African-American Tony nominees and winners
- ^ Gans, Andrew (December 18, 2007). "League of American Theatres and Producers Announces Name Change". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013. The League of American Theatres and Producers was renamed "The Broadway League".
- ^ Staff (undated). "Who's Who". tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ a b "Tony Awards Rules and Regulations for 2013–14 season" tonyawards.com, accessed June 12, 2014
- ^ Lefkowitz, David and Simonson, Robert. " 'Fosse', 'Annie', 'Salesman' & 'Side Man' Win Top Tonys" playbill.com, June 7, 1999
- ^ Gans, Andrew (April 18, 2011). "No Tickets Will Be Available to General Public for 2011 Tony Awards". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Purcell, Carey (June 9, 2013). Kinky Boots, Vanya and Sonia, Pippin and Virginia Woolf? Are Big Winners at 67th Annual Tony Awards". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Pesner, Ben. "The Tony Awards - Category by Category" tonyawards.com (webcache.googleusercontent.com), accessed June 12, 2014
- ^ Gans, Andrew (October 8, 2008). "Tony Awards to Present Isabelle Stevenson Award in May 2009" Playbill. Retrieved September 2013.
- ^ Gans, Andrew (June 18, 2009)."Tony Awards Retire Special Theatrical Event Category". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Bowgen, Philippe. "Tony Award Administration Committee Eliminates Sound Design Categories" playbill.com, June 11, 2014
- ^ Nassour, Ellis (June 10, 2011). "From The 2011 Tony Playbill: Who Was the Original 'Tony'?".
- ^ Nassour, Ellis. "Who Is 'Tony'?". tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Bloom, Ken (2004). "Tony Award" Broadway – Its History, People and Places. Taylor & Francis. p. 531. ISBN 978-0-415-93704-7.
- ^ a b Nassour, Ellis (June 12, 2011). "From the 2011 Tony Playbill: Tony Awards at 65 – Then and Now".
- ^ a b c Staff (undated). "Rules & Voting". tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ McKinley, Jesse (June 1, 2003). "The Tony Awards; Is There a Tony Doctor in the House". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Tony Homepage tonyawards.com
- ^ Gorman, Bill (June 10, 2011)."Guess This Year's 'Tony Awards' Viewership (Poll) + Ratings History". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Bierly, Mandi (February 24, 2009). "Ratings: Oscars Up, 'Dollhouse' Down". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Pincus-Roth, Zachary. (May 22, 2008). "Ask Playbill.com: Tony Statuettes".
- ^ Staff. "Tony Awards FAQ". tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Staff. "A History of the Tony Awards".
- ^ Piepenburg, Erik. "Tony Gets a Mini-Makeover" The New York Times, June 10, 2010
- ^ Healy, Patrick (July 4, 2013). "Broadway Success Has a Price: $2,500".
- ^ Gans, Andrew; Simonson, Robert (September 19, 2002). "New Tony Awards Ruling on Classic Texts May Affect Current and Upcoming Shows". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Tony Administration Committee Convenes for Final Meeting of the Season April 25" playbill.com, April 25, 2014
- ^ a b Gans, Andrew. 50-Member Tony Awards Nominating Committee Announced for 2014-15 Season" playbill.com, June 11, 2014
- ^ Jones, Kenneth (June 18, 2012). "Mark Brokaw, Cheyenne Jackson, Liza Gennaro, Adam Guettel and More Join Tony Nominating Committee for 2012–13". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ () Healy, Patrick (July 15, 2009). "Tony Awards Committee Trims List of Voters, Citing Conflicts". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "First-Nighters Lose Tony-Voting Privilege" playbill.com, July 14, 2009
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "Tony Awards Extend Votes to Members of New York Drama Critics' Circle" playbill.com, March 25, 2010
- ^ Gans, Andrew. "68th Annual Tony Awards Will Be Broadcast Live from Radio City Music Hall" Playbill, October 9, 2013
- ^ Pincus-Roth, Zachary (February 7, 2008). "Ask Playbill.com: Broadway or Off-Broadway – Part I". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^
- ^ Simonson, Robert. "Previews of Coming Attractions: Tony Awards Favor Future Musicals Over Present Ones" playbill.com, June 12, 2014
- ^ Tony Trivia" tonyawards.com, (webcache.googleusercontent.com) accessed June 12, 2014
- ^ Jones, Kenneth; Gans, Andrew (May 3, 2011). 2011 "Tony Nominations Announced; 'Book of Mormon' Earns 14 Nominations". Playbill, Retrieved September 13, 2013.
- ^ Jones, Kenneth (June 9, 2003). " 'Take Me Out', 'Hairspray' Are Top Winners in 2003 Tony Awards; 'Long Day's Journey', 'Nine' Also Hot". Playbill. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
External links
tonyawards, the Tony Award's official website
- Tony Award on Twitter
_awards, the Tony Award's official broadcast website /tony /shows .com .cbs www
americantheatrewing, the American Theatre Wing's official website
broadwayleague, The Broadway League's official website
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text:
I was on a bit of a vacation this past week, taking the offspring to be poked and pinched by his grandparents. To accomplish this, we were in eastern North Carolina, near Holden Beach. There's surprising pockets of automotive weirdness lurking in the kudzu-choked crevasses of NC. Here's one of them.
I'm still not exactly sure what this place was supposed to be, exactly, or what all this stuff was doing there. The place all these cars were sitting was closed when I drove by, and there were some vague unifying anti-drug themes, but beyond that it seemed like a sort of junkard/art space sort of place.
Anyway, join me on a magical journey into this bizzare world of rust and fake cars!
This is the car that caught my eye first, because I thought it might be another Electra King or something similar. Or maybe an old Crosley? I had to stop and check it out, so I did, and was rewarded for my efforts by realizing it's a fake. Well, it's a real something, but that something is a small plywood car.
A small plywood car with real wheels and axles and painted up in Kotex racing livery. What the hell was this thing for? Don't get me wrong, it's pretty well done and pretty funny, but I wonder what the purpose was? Parade float? Joke present? Prop for a moving bit of local theater about a determined racing driver who's trying to beat the odds? I'd love to know.
This is a 1948 Chevy, a Fleetline, I think, and despite the all-covering surface rust, appears to be in pretty reasonable condition, with almost all the trim and parts in place. This would be a great restoration project for someone.
This 1940 Dodge is similar, being mostly intact, and a nice example of American just-barely-pre WWII design. I really like the grille design on these.
This thing is a puzzle as well. From what I can gather, I think it's a sort of a study in perspective and forshortening. From this angle, at a distance, it sort of reads as a normally sized and proportioned car. Sort of.
From the other side, however, it reveals itself to be a crazily narrow Frankenstein of various tortured 50s American car parts. It reminds me a bit of that skull in that Hans Holbein painting that you can only see from a very oblique angle. Which I'm sure is that the builder was going for.
A Lincoln Premiere! These are pretty rare Lincolns, and this one is a first-gen one, which was only made from 1956-57.
I really love this super-classy badge. That Moravian-looking star spearing those elegant letters manages to capture so much about what luxury meant in early Space Age America.
A late '40s Dodge truck was here as well, tasked with the awesome job of ferrying around the SWAT team, which, according to the hood, is the Sexy Women Assault Team. I prepared myself for a sexy, womanly attack and peeked inside...
... and now I'm going to have nightmares until next Arbor Day.
You don't normally see a Jag all Vader'd out, so I thought that'd be worth a picture.
I always love to see repurposed engine bits turned into sculptures — muffler men and so on — and I think this was once supposed to be a crankcase-chested robot of some sort, but that tree seems to have gotten the better of it, and now I'm not really sure what the original form was. Still, nice to see some crankshafts out and enjoying the fresh air.
I'm guessing this came to be just because you can flow that second "T" in "Toyota" right into "toilet," making the beautiful portmanteau "Toyotoilet." There's about eight toilets bolted to the top of this old Camry, and based on how that rear suspension seems to be taxed, if this thing ever ran after the toilet-enhancement, it probably wasn't quick.
Still, it makes any yard look fantastic just sitting there, buried several inches into the ground.


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Lots of teens have questions about drugs. Each year, NIDA scientists spend a whole day chatting online with high school students and answering their questions.
At the last Drug Facts Chat Day, "hbishop" asked:
Can a baby die from drugs that a pregnant mom is using?
To answer your question, it's possible. As one NIDA scientist put it, "We know that drugs of abuse can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. So, drugs used by the mother definitely can affect the baby's health and can even cause long-term harm many years later. That is why doctors recommend that pregnant mothers not smoke or use alcohol or other illicit drugs."
Anything a pregnant mother puts in her body the baby also takes in. Exposure to different drugs can harm the baby in many different ways. Like—
Smoking during pregnancy can cause slowed fetal growth, decreased birth weights, and even behavioral problems.
Drinking alcohol while pregnant can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Children with FAS may be born small; have problems eating, sleeping, seeing, and hearing; and have trouble learning and getting along with others. NO amount of alcohol is safe during pregnancy.
Using cocaine and marijuana during pregnancy can lead to children having attention, language, and learning problems, as well as behavioral issues. Mothers who use alcohol, tobacco, or any illicit drug are setting their children up for potential lifelong problems or even death. The best thing a pregnant mom can do is talk to her doctor about which foods to eat and vitamins to take to make sure her child gets a healthy start.
My girlfriend is pregnant and she has read some awesome articles explaining the do's and don'ts or pregnancy but no one will answer definitively what drugs she is allowed. For example can she take paracetamol or ibuprofen? What can she take for a runny nose? Are there any drugs she can take?
@KC You're right to say your girlfriend should avoid taking medications while pregnant, unless she gets a doctor's approval. Certain drugs taken by the mother can harm an unborn baby. The best thing would be for her to talk to a doctor to find out what's safe to help her symptoms and what's safe for the baby.
This is insane of course drugs will hurt an unborn baby. Thank you
This is a great info thanks
It is insane of course drugs will hurt an unborn baby. Thank you !
This is a intresting post
Thanks for sharing!
There are millions of women who have done drugs when pregnant unknowingly, the real damage is only when you repeatedly use drugs while pregnant.
Thanks for this really useful info. I came across this blog when doing some research. I agree with you that no amount of alcohol is safe especially in the first few months although some argue that a moderate amount is safe. As for other forms of drugs these are definitely dangerous for a pregnant woman to take. This blog has really helped my research for my website. It will help my readers understand the dangers of drugs while pregnant. Thanks so much!
I believe alcohol ingested by the mother while carrying her unborn baby does negatively affect her baby.
What videos do you recommend?
I was wondering if drug travel to the baby through the umbilical cord from the mom and if it would ruin the stem cells that were in there so i can write my Paper up
@unborn baby We know that drugs of abuse cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. If you're talking about embryonic stem cells, that would be something entirely different, an earlier stage in reproductive development than a fetus.
Thank you please keep this kind of articles coming to share with our young people.
This is a very interesting post. Thanks for sharing such great information.
Thank you for sharing this information. More people should inform themselves with this information.
this is a wonderful post. it answered all my questions. THANKS!!!! :)
i cant belive some moms do drug while they are pregnant
Anyone who is wondering just how do you get pregnant should make sure they understand that smoking and drinking hurt the baby, not just hard drugs.
Of course drugs will hurt and unborn baby! Everything we consume affects unborn babies, and can alter their lives irreversibly. [commercial link removed, per guidelines]
anyone who actually needs to know if drugs will hurt an unborn baby needs some help. of course they will!! they're drugs. but the article was informative.
this is bad information
This is a very useful info thanks.
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obviously they shudnt be doing any of that.even if there not prego
I am not a doctor but I am quite sure that any drugs during the pregnancy period will affect the baby's health.
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I am going through classes about substance abuse and yes it will hurt the baby. It will cause life long abnormalities to the baby.
doing a report on how druga can effect on a unborn child and this really helps me with my report!(: For my child devlopment class lol Well thanks 4 the help
drugs can hurt a new born baby and it can hurt the woman to.
Kc(girl), Is your friend smoking cigarettes? If so, smoking cigarettes while pregnant may cause her baby to:
Be born early (a preemie)
Develop an addiction to nicotine
Have breathing and behavioral problems
Die before it is born or in the first year of life
Read Using Drugs When Pregnant Harms the Baby for more information about how using tobacco, alcohol, and drugs can harm unborn babies.
Rachel, pethidine is a prescription opioid which may affect the baby. You need to contact your doctor right away to determine the best course of action. You doctor will be able to tell you if it is safe to stop, or how best to treat your addiction for the rest of your pregnancy. Good luck.


text:
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Family, friends and supporters gathered at Smitty's Internet Cafe on Saturday for a special benefit for a local man in need.
Money was raised for 24-year-old Kevin Whitney, a father who was paralyzed after a car accident two years ago. The hope is to make life a little easier for Whitney and his family.
Whitney had a lot of support Saturday evening at Smitty's Internet Cafe.
"We love you, Kevin," said one supporter.
Whitney said he's had a lot of struggles.
"Since then, it's just been a road of recovery," said Whitney. "Ups and downs. Trying my best to continue on."
Along with his challenges come the mounting medical bills, and the struggles to pay them.
Proceeds from the benefit will help cover the costs. They'll also help make his home more wheelchair accessible.
Whitney is already on the right track. When the benefit started, he was presented with a new handicapped van, courtesy of Smitty's.
"I've pretty much been speechless ever since," said Whitney. "You know, it's amazing."
For his mother Amy, the last year has been tough, but she said she's amazed at how her son has been able to push forward.
"He has a great spirit ever since the accident," said Amy. "Just because of that, you know, it keeps my spirits up. So we're pretty happy."
Whitney said his focus now is to get back to work and to be a great dad to his daughter, Taylor. He said he knows he can do that with all the support.
If you would like to donate to the Amy and Kevin Whitney foundation, visit the VyStar credit union and use account number 702978042.


text:
Of all of Rachel Hill's accomplishments, the one that stands out most might be this: She proved that an athlete from a small school with a previously unheralded soccer program could earn a full-ride scholarship to a big-time Division I university.
Hill, who finished her career with a state-record 151 goals for the Somersworth High School girls soccer team, recently signed on to take her game to the University of Connecticut.
Hill played her entire high-school career for the Division III Hilltoppers, eschewing the glamour of a private school (according to her father, Mike Hill, Rachel was heavily pursued by Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro) and the temptation to ditch her high-school team in favor of playing full-time at a training academy.
"I'm glad I took the path that I did," Hill said. "I'm glad my parents kept me in Somersworth. I had a great experience. It was the same as any other school would be. That's good for our school and our community."
She also chose to continue playing other sports for the Hilltoppers, including basketball and track (she recently scored her 1,000th career point in basketball), in an age when growing number of athletes dedicate themselves to a single sport in pursuit of a scholarship.
Rachel's father, Mike Hill, founded the ROSO (Rollinsford-Somersworth) youth soccer program, which was where Rachel first plied her trade.
Her involvement with local soccer at all levels, including playing for the prestigious Seacoast United Soccer Club, makes Rachel's ascension to D-I college soccer a source of pride for the entire community, said Hilltopper coach Nick O'Brien.
"The programs that have developed through ROSO and everywhere else, that's really what it's all about," O'Brien said. "As a community, they've helped produce a strong program, and Rachel's success. It's a really great thing for the whole community."
Though she will have to keep her grades up (a condition for any high school student who has been accepted to college), Hill said she is looking forward to enjoying the rest of her high-school experience, which includes the D-III basketball tournament opener on Thursday night.
"I applied pretty early just to get it out of the way," Hill said. "I wasn't too worried, but the official application went through and it was fine, so that was a relief."
Hill said she also considered James Madison, Penn, Penn State, Virginia and a pair of schools in Florida. She hasn't decided on a major yet, but chose UConn because it was the perfect distance from home and provided a welcoming environment on campus.
"I didn't want to go too far, and I didn't want to go too close," she said. "Distance was a big factor. I loved the campus, the big atmosphere, and I know they have a lot of choices for majors. That's good for me because I don't really know what I want to study."
Despite the nice weather and the opportunity to practice soccer outdoors year round, Florida was ruled out as a possibility as soon as she made a tour of campuses down there.
"I went to visit the University of Tampa, and I forget the other one, but I hated it," Hill said. "I don't even remember, I just hated it."
Hill and her older brother Zach have also saved their parents a good deal of money. Zach, also a standout soccer player for the Hilltoppers who graduated in 2012, is currently a cadet at the United States Air Force Academy.
"It's very good," Mike Hill said with a smile. "As long as they finish."
All joking aside, Mike Hill said he and his wife, Cynthia, are extremely proud of Rachel's success.
"We're really thankful for all the coaches that have helped her along the way," Mike Hill said. "She's been given a lot of great opportunities. She's had good coverage from newspapers and radio. The whole community has helped her succeed. She's worked really hard and it's nice to see it pay off."
John Doyle is a staff sports writer and editor at Foster's Daily Democrat. Reach him at email@example.com and follow him on Twitter @JohnDoyle603.


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Mars One is a private sector endeavor to send human beings to Mars. The estimated cost of $6 billion will be raised by selling T-shirts and hosting reality shows. In theory, the mission will launch in 2023. In order to reduce costs, astronauts will not be returned to earth. In other words, this is a one-way trip
There are a lot of technical issues that the sponsors have failed to adequately evaluate. Although they acknowledge high radiation exposure, resulting in a much higher probability of developing cancer (without a realistic ability to treat), they have set the launch date for a period of high solar activity, which dramatically increases the risks to the astronauts during transit. In order to reduce radiation exposure on Mars, astronauts will be largely confined to living underground, which poses psychological risks.
Energy generation is proposed to come from solar panels. However, Mars receives 4-times less solar energy than earth. It is also susceptible to dust storms, which would reduce solar energy output to virtually zero. If the storms last longer than a few days, the astronauts will be toast. The solar energy available during winter months is also reduced considerably. The Mars rovers that relied upon solar panels had to shut down during the winter. Such an option is not available to astronauts, who must rely upon energy for heating, oxygen production and water production.
Supplying astronauts with enough food is also a problem. The Mars One website says astronauts will raise their own food. However, this idea is very unrealistic. Even on earth, it took a tremendous amount of land to produce enough food to feed people in the Biosphere 2, who complained that they were always hungry. The Biosphere experiment also suffered from reduced oxygen and high carbon dioxide, which killed many species within the Biosphere. Problems on Mars could not be solved as easily as pumping oxygen from the outside, which was done for the Biosphere.
If problems or illnesses arise on Mars, help is at least 7-12 months away. So, this mission truly is a suicide mission. Fortunately, the sponsors will probably never get enough money to get the mission off the ground.


text:
Raemburg, Jan Ariens van (1623–1678)
Jan Ariens van Raemburg of Rotterdam, Holland, was appointed preacher of the Flemish Mennonite congregation in his home town about 1650, but by 1655 van Raemburg and three of his co-preachers and many members left this congregation to join the Waterlanders. The reason for this act was that the Flemish congregation was at this time growing more and more conservative; e.g., it did not tolerate the free-speaking meetings of the Collegiants. In the Rotterdam Waterlander congregation van Raemburg was an elder 1655-March 1677; he died at Schiedam in 1678 at 55 years. He was a well-to-do merchant, who is said to have been a good Christian, humble, pious, and always a good example by his efforts to maintain peace.
Doogsgezinde Bijdragen (1909): 158, 160.
Vos, K. Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinde Gemeente te Rotterdam. Rotterdam, 1907: 17, 42, 43.
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. "Raemburg, Jan Ariens van (1623–1678)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 16 Jul 2020. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Raemburg,_Jan_Ariens_van_(1623%E2%80%931678)&oldid=109325.
APA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. (1959). Raemburg, Jan Ariens van (1623–1678). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 16 July 2020, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Raemburg,_Jan_Ariens_van_(1623%E2%80%931678)&oldid=109325.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 246. All rights reserved.
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