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By Michael Lynch
Although not as popular as some of his other works, Abraham Lincoln's speech at Peoria, IL—delivered over the course of some three hours on October 16, 1854—is one of his more important public addresses. The speech combines history, reason, and moral appeal in an attack on the extension of slavery. Lincoln was no abolitionist—he did not call for the immediate eradication of slavery in states where it had always existed—but he considered its extension north of the Missouri Compromise line to be both a moral and a political wrong. The compromise had held for more than thirty years before Stephen Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act overturned it in 1854 by permitting slavery in northern territories whose populations voted to permit the institution.
The Peoria speech contains one of my favorite passages from the entire Lincoln corpus:
Before proceeding, let me say I think I have no prejudice against the Southern people. They are just what we would be in their situation. If slavery did not now exist amongst them, they would not introduce it. If it did now exist amongst us, we should not instantly give it up. This I believe of the masses north and south. Doubtless there are individuals, on both sides, who would not hold slaves under any circumstances; and others who would gladly introduce slavery anew, if it were out of existence. We know that some southern men do free their slaves, go north, and become tip-top abolitionists; while some northern ones go south, and become most cruel slave-masters.
It's a surprisingly charitable statement for a speech devoted to a divisive political issue, especially since Lincoln believed the stakes in the debate over slavery in the territories to be incredibly high.
In fact, in the same speech he denounced slavery as a "monstrous injustice" and its spread as an existential threat to American principles which "forces so many really good men amongst ourselves into an open war with the very fundamental principles of civil liberty—criticising [sic] the Declaration of Independence, and insisting that there is no right principle of action but self-interest." Since Lincoln saw the slave question in such stark and consequential terms, the natural thing to do would have been to demonize those who upheld the institution and its extension. He not only refrained from doing so, but asserted that only historical circumstances accounted for the difference of opinion.
Perhaps one of the reasons for his refusal to castigate the South over the slave issue was the fact that he believed it such a difficult problem to solve. Lincoln freely admitted that he couldn't prescribe a remedy for slavery. He told the Peoria audience that his "first impulse would be to free all the slaves, and send them to Liberia,—to their own native land." He dismissed the prospect of granting them social and political equality, stating that his "own feelings will not admit of this; and if mine would, we well know that those of the great mass of white people will not." Lincoln did believe "that systems of gradual emancipation might be adopted; but for their tardiness in this, I will not undertake to judge our brethren of the south."
To modern ears, Lincoln's desire to see the freedmen sent out of the country and his unwillingness make them his equals make him seem woefully backward. But his conviction that the slave question had no easy answers was one of the reasons he was reluctant to condemn those who disagreed with him about it. Faced with the most divisive, emotive political issue of his time, Lincoln did not assume that individuals on the other side of it were his moral inferiors. Even as he demonized the institution of slavery, he humanized those who disagreed with him about it. This willingness to distinguish between issues and their proponents would serve him well when he presided over a nation at war, a war that gave him the opportunity to enact the sweeping solution to the slavery problem from which he shrank in 1854.
For anyone trying to evaluate Lincoln as a moral role model, the Peoria speech shows him at both his worst and best. His remarks about political and social equality between whites and blacks revealed him to be a man of his time with all the attendant prejudices. On the other hand, the empathy he expressed toward the South seems remarkably enlightened by any standard of political rhetoric. Most modern Americans have long since outpaced Lincoln in terms of our beliefs about race, but in terms of knowing how to handle emotive political issues it seems we haven't caught up with him yet. He knew that you could attack people's opinions without attacking the people themselves. That's a lesson we could learn today, when political differences remain as heated as they were in Lincoln's day.
—Michael Lynch graduated from LMU with a degree in history, worked at the Abraham Lincoln Library and Museum as an assistant curator, and now teaches survey-level history courses on campus. He holds an M.A. in history from the University of Tennessee and blogs about historical topics at pastinthepresent.wordpress.com.


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John Jakes on writing historical fiction
Filed under History and Memory
Filed under History and Memory
Tagged as historical novels, John Jakes
I just watched Centennial, the mini-series based on the James Michener novel. It is some interesting historical fiction as well.
The only Michener book I've read is Iberia, which is non-fiction, and I liked it. I'd like to try one of his novels someday.
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Presidential hopeful Mitt Romney's offhand comment Tuesday night about perusing "binders full of women" to fill his state cabinet has sparked a viral tidal wave of Facebook pages, tweets and blogs.
The phrase was his response to a question on pay inequality between men and women and inspired a Facebook page with more than 300,000 fans, Twitter hashtags, a blog and several memes, CNN reported. The phrase was also the third-fastest rising search on Google during the debate.
From Facebook:
"Binders full of women cost 77 cents, while binders full of men cost $1.""Do they sell #BindersFullOfWomen at Staples?"
While the initial reaction might have been one of curiosity and comedy, it's now become decidedly political. "Women have held the highest political office in Israel, Germany, and the United Kingdom," Maria Panaritis wrote in the Philadelphia Inquirer. " In America, by contrast, voters have preferred to behave as if the White House had a 'men-only' sign hanging in the Rose Garden."
Democratic strategist Maria Cardona also weighed in on CNN.com. "Even as a slip of the tongue, this odd phrase betrays Romney's true lack of understanding, knowledge and comfort level on women's equality," she said.
However you choose to view the phenomenon, the phrase has captured the attention of country. (And BindersFullofWomen.com was snapped up within 90 seconds.)


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Some say he could probably be temporarily dubbed the Gawker Media "Transformers Editor," others say he's a fan-boy with a penchant for a robogasm. All we know is our suddenly tieless senior editor from Detroit was talking the business of robots in disguise last night on CNBC's On The Money. So let's add them up folks, how many drinks was that?
Official Car Pundit Drinking Game: Wert To Have Robogasm On CNBC? [internal]


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What??? Shawty Does A s3x Scene Comedy Skit! [Fast Speed Version]
This is a clip FROM SHAWTY SHAWTY'S MOVIE "ALL THE WAY IN."
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Interesting facts about Christchurch
Christchurch is the biggest city on New Zealand's South Island. Nicknamed the Garden City, it boasts an abundance of parks and green spaces – along with many other attractions, activities, and beautiful natural landscapes. Start your journey conveniently by checking in for your Cathay Pacific flight to Christchurch online or through our app.
Attractions in Christchurch
There are plenty of things to do in Christchurch. Visit Ferrymead Heritage Park and have fun exploring a recreation of an Edwardian town, learn more about the area at Canterbury Museum, or observe fascinating creatures from around the world at Orana Wildlife Park. Other highlights include Christchurch Art Gallery, the International Arctic Centre, and the Botanic Gardens. Don't leave without first taking in the great views from Christchurch Gondola, and if you're interested in hiking, head on to Riccarton Bush, where you can also try rafting, cycling, and punting.
Christchurch travel tips
Getting around Christchurch is easy by foot, bicycle, tram, or bus. The city has the most festivals out of all of New Zealand's cities, including the Festival of Romance, which takes place the ten days before Valentine's Day. Families can enjoy the midwinter Kidsfest, and during the summertime, Carnival Week and the World Buskers Festival.


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[I had a reader e-mail me with a great idea for involving your family in their family history. Thought you might enjoy it. --Janet]
We did a very short skit years ago patterned after the popular TV program at the time, "Unsolved Mysteries". We called it "Unsolved Family History". I have an ancestor who came to Utah in the 1850's from Wales, who moved from Utah to Canada in 1899 to escape being imprisoned again for polygamy. He would travel between Canada and Utah through the years until in 1906 he was killed in Warm Springs, Deer Lodge, Montana, which is where one of the mysteries lay. There had been 2 stories: 1 - He was killed by Federal Marshalls, and 2 - He was hit by a train. I had my children draw pictures of the story which we used as visual aids during the "performance." My husband's great grandfather had been a sherrif in the area at the time and we brought in the Federal Marshall possibillity using characters from my ancestry and my husband's ancestry, which made it really fun for everyone to imagine the possibility of the 2 families knowing each other way back then. My oldest daughter, who was about 10 at the time, narrated. At the end she made the same kind of request they made on the TV show about , if anyone has information on this person please call such-and-such number. It really went over quite well.
BTW - we found out later this particular ancestor was hit by a train, when my grandfather's short history surfaced.
[Thanks Andrea]
Andrea Rounds E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Friday, February 6, 2009
How to share your family history with your family--a reader's idea.
Posted by Janet Hovorka at 2:26 PM
1 comment:
- Genealem said...
You have a great site, and I want to share the Kreativ Blogger Award with you.
You can drop by my writing blog at: http://writingyourmemories.blogspot.com/ to pick it up and the instructions.
- February 21, 2009 at 4:13 PM
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8(a) Certified Business Receives Help from SBDC, National Award Recognition
The 10th annual Inner City 100, a national competition that seeks to find and rank fast-growing companies in the nation's inner cities, has recognized One Stop Environmental LLC of Birmingham among its selections for 2008.
President & CEO Shannon Riley never suspected she would wound up with such recognition. "It is an honor and really thrilling for our Company," she said. To qualify for the award, companies are required to have at least 51 percent of their operations in an economically distressed urban area, have a five-year sales history, and fifth year sales of at least $1 million.
She will fly to Boston soon to find out where her company ranked nationally.
The competition is sponsored by the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, a Boston-based nonprofit focused on fostering healthy urban economies, and Inc., a magazine that reports on growing companies and entrepreneurs.
This award has come on top of another from INC Magazine itself: A recent recognition of Riley's firm as one of the 500 Fastest Growing Companies in America. Riley said it is awards like these that give her instant national credibility and exposure with customers.
Shannon, a Furman University chemistry grad with a Masters degree in chemistry from the University of Alabama, wanted to be a soccer Mom – but a good one. Her four kids remain a high priority. "I never visualized running a company," Riley said.
Running a company she does. With 35 employees, and over a 182 percent increase in revenues in 2006 over 2005, Riley has become not just a dedicated Mom, but also an award-winning Chief Executive. Her firm specializes in industrial services, waste disposal, remediation, chemical identification, emergency responses, and site assessments among other services.
One Stop Environmental has grown significantly since it gained 8(a) and HUBZone certifications from the SBA several years ago. She credits the UAB Small Business Development Center (SBDC) with lots of help. Beginning in 2001, Brenda Cox, a SBDC counselor, helped Shannon prepare for certification. Shannon also used the matchmaking events sponsored by the SBDC to link up with possible customers.
In addition to a growing list of customers in Alabama, her firm has now done work in Louisiana helping in Katrina recovery.
Shannon actually began work life in New Mexico at Los Alamos National Labs following the advice of an early academic mentor. After she got to Birmingham, her first local employer closed its door. Riley realized she could not only earn more than the $10 per hour she was earning working for as a consultant by starting her own business. Starting her own business would also give her more freedom to handle her primary responsibilities as a Mother of four children. "I always had as a high priority being the best Mother I could be," Riley explained. That hasn't changed. It hasn't hurt her business life either.
Riley impressed many customers early-on with her "nurturing" skills (her words). For example, in the early days, after starting her company, she worked without a contract for over a year with a federal agency to position herself. "I literally held their hands," Riley emphasized. "And I eventually won the contract when they finally opened it." Nurturing helps.
In a male-dominated market, Shannon has used her nurturing skills to position her Company as a "holding hands" company. "In many ways, nurturing clients is like rearing children – it's a holding hands endeavor. That generates confidence in my Company as it does with my children," Riley said.
Her clients appreciate that. With revenues now over $5 million, Riley now has the tough task balancing her Company's growth with available cash. "Cash flow is a now constant problem," she emphasized. It is a problem, however, she manages with the same hands-on approach she has used with customers. She is not afraid to stick her hands into dirty problems. Riley confidently says she is a "driven person." It shows.
An important step in learning new techniques in management money and employees will be the SBA Mentoring program she has just started. "I am teamed up with a wonderful business owner (also a woman, Sylvia Medina) from Twin Falls, Idaho. She owns North Wind, Inc., a much larger company but in the same environmental clean-up line-of-work. She has really been great," Riley emphasized.
Riley's job as head of One Stop Environmental has been so successful she has been recognized by the Birmingham Business Journal as one of the City's Top 10 Business Women for 2007. And the Birmingham Chamber just announced Riley as its 2008 Entrepreneur of the Year.
Add that local recognition to the others from national publications – an impressive array. SBA salutes Shannon Riley and One Stop Environmental. Her Company thrives because it reflects her values. They are truly a success story.


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The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Doha, Qatar, concluded on Saturday, December 8, accomplishing somewhat less than "a complete transformation of the economic structure of the world," a goal that conference chief Christiana Figueres had announced at the start of the global summit.
Figueres, the executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), presided over the Doha summit (also known in UN-speak as COP18, for the 18th Conference Of Parties) which was scheduled to run from November 26-December 8. The conference ran into overtime, ending on December 9, but still failing to deliver the "deliverables" demanded by Figueres, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and their supportive lobby of "green" activist NGOs.
Chief among their demands was extending the Kyoto Protocol, a binding agreement on emissions reductions adopted in 1997 at the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan. However, only 37 of the 194 nations meeting at Doha signed on to an extension of Kyoto, and many of their commitments were tenuous at that. The United States never officially joined, thanks to refusal by the U.S. Senate to ratify the Kyoto agreement that Vice President Al Gore had helped negotiate and President Bill Clinton had signed. Canada has dropped out of Kyoto and Russia and Japan have refused to renew their commitments. India and China, which are responsible for the biggest increases in man-made "greenhouse gas" (GHG) emissions, are on pace to greatly expand those emissions. Together, India and China account for 76 percent of the 1,200 coal-fired power plants currently under construction or planned for construction globally.
In a December 4 address to the high-level segment of COP18, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon spoke in apocalyptic terms of the "existential" threat to humanity and the planet posed by the "crisis" of climate change. He stated:
Let us be under no illusion. This is a crisis. A threat to us all. Our economies. Our security. And the well-being of our children and those who will come after.
The danger signs are all around. One third of the world's population lives in countries with moderate to high water stress. Land degradation affects 1.5 billion people. Icecaps are showing unprecedented melting; permafrost is thawing; sea levels are rising. The abnormal is now the new normal.
Like many other conference speakers and attendees, Secretary-General Ban cited the recent droughts, floods, and Tropical Storm Sandy as proof of the dire consequences of man-made global warming, even though many studies and scientists (including scientists who usually fall into the climate alarmist category) have stated that there is no evidence to support claims that "extreme weather" has been increasing in frequency and/or magnitude in recent years, or that extreme events (hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, etc.) have anything to do with increased CO2 levels. Marc Morano of Climate Depot has released a new 35-page report compiling these latest scientific studies and statements. According to the report, entitled "Extreme Weather Report 2012," "Latest peer-reviewed studies, data & analyses undermine claims that current weather is 'unprecedented' or a 'new normal.'" This recapitulates a key fact that most media reports and alarmist charges fail to mention: that even many of the major alarmist agencies, organs, and spokesmen have admitted there has been no measurable global warming for the past 16 years.
Nevertheless, undaunted by facts, Ban Ki-moon dramatically warned:
From the United States to India, from Ukraine to Brazil, drought decimated essential global crops. Across the Sahel, from Mali to the Horn of Africa, tens of millions of people endured another year of vulnerability, at the mercy of the slightest climate shock. No one is immune to climate change — rich or poor. It is an existential challenge for the whole human race — our way of life, our plans for the future.
"A complete transformation of the economic structure of the world"
The UN's would-be autocrats and their fellow globalists must speak in hyperbolic, catastrophic terms and in total disregard of scientific facts if they are to ratchet up the fear factor sufficiently to justify the extreme economic, social, and political measures they have planned. How extreme are their proposed policies? They unabashedly admit they are advocating a top-down, centrally-planned "complete transformation of the economic structure of the world."
UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres told a press conference on December 3, 2012:
It must be understood that what is occurring here, not just in Doha, but in the whole climate change process is a complete transformation of the economic structure of the world. That does not happen overnight. It should happen much quicker than it is happening, but it cannot happen overnight.
"This Conference of the Parties," Figueres told the press conference, "will produce a second commitment period to the Kyoto Protocol, the only legally binding agreement." "It will have the necessary amendments to go into a second commitment period as of January 1, 2013," she continued, noting also, "We are also moving toward a universal legally based agreement by 2015 to go into effect in 2020."
Transformation of "everyone on the planet"
A couple of weeks earlier, on November 21, several days before the opening of the Doha conference, Figueres was interviewed by The Guardian, one of the UK's most influential leftist dailies, and a major media sponsor of climate change alarmism. During the course of the interview, Figueres expounded on the supposed necessity of a government-mandated "guided transformation" and "centralized transformation" to affect "the life of everyone on the planet."
UNFCCC Executive Secretary Figueres told The Guardian:
One reality is the reality of what science is demanding and which we have to hold front and center as our guiding light for our work here. We also have the obligation and the honor to support the political process that governments are putting together to address the urgency and the challenge that they have in front of them. And those two things are equally real. There's a huge gap between the two, and it is our very challenging task to encourage the closing of that gap. It is the most inspiring job in the world because what we are doing here is we are inspiring government, private sector, and civil society to [make] the biggest transformation that they have ever undertaken. The Industrial Revolution was also a transformation, but it wasn't a guided transformation from a centralized policy perspective. This is a centralized transformation that is taking place because governments have decided that they need to listen to science. So it's a very, very different transformation and one that is going to make the life of everyone on the planet very different.
The "centralized transformation" Figueres so earnestly advocates would indeed "make the life of everyone on the planet very different." It would also take central planning far beyond the realms already practiced during the most totalitarian epochs of Communist dictators Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin. Mao and Stalin in their wildest dreams could not have imagined a global regime for measuring CO2 and regulating every breath, every cooking fire, every watt of electricity, virtually every activity, of every person on earth.
However, Christiana Figueres and Ban Ki-moon are simply channeling the globalist spirits of other elitists that have been exploiting environmental issues for decades as excuses for ending national sovereignty and empowering the United Nations with world government authority. (See here, here, and here.)
As we have reported here, and graphically illustrated with placements on an interactive world map of the alarming proliferation of UN institutions, projects, and programs, (See "The United Nations: On the Brink of Becoming a World Government") the drive for world government under the United Nations is much further along than most Americans imagine.
What about Sustainable Freedom?
Unfortunately (but not surprisingly), almost no one in the official delegations, the press corps, or the NGO choir at Doha challenged the totalitarian "central planning" foundation of the regime proposed by the UNFCCC and enunciated by Executive Director Figueres. Almost no one. As in past UN climate conferences, The Committee For a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT) mobilized a Truth Squad of experts to attend the summit and set the record straight — for any who were willing to think outside the box prescribed by the UN and its media-droid cheering section.
In a December 5 blog post CFACT squad member Craig Rucker charged that "UNFCCC boss Christiana Figueres' dreams spell a nightmarish future for Earth's citizens."
Mr. Rucker noted:
Aside from the fact that someone (Al Gore, international bankers and their kin) will make a killing off any carbon trading schemes — and that the UN bureaucracy is seeking to pad its own employment rolls and pocketbooks — the sad reality is that none of the shenanigans at Doha (or at any previous or future UNFCCC dog and pony show) is likely to improve the well-being of the billions of humans in so-called developing countries one whit.
"These people," says Rucker, "need cheap, reliable, abundant energy and the infrastructure it can support, in order to climb out of abject poverty, lengthen life spans grossly shortened by disease and malnutrition, and terminate the tyranny of neo-colonialists who, in the name of 'preventing climate change,' continue to rule over them with iron fists."
Rucker continued:
By now, everyone knows that "global warming" or "climate change" or "weird weather" is nothing but a smokescreen for those like Figueres and Obama, who view economic growth as either evil or environmentally intolerable — and thus think taking from the rich and giving to bureaucrats who claim to represent the poor will even things out, and is the highest and best thing we can do.
Although COP18 ended without producing a new Kyoto Protocol and failed to produce the new funding mechanisms and wealth transfer commitments proposed by alarmists, there is still much cause for concern that the UN "transformation" agenda will proceed via Obama administration executive orders. CFACT Truth Squad member Paul Driessen, in a piece entitled, "Triple Threat: UN, EPA and Congress," warns that even without Kyoto-imposed CO2 reductions, the federal Environmental Protection Agency's proposed regulations of CO2 and other emissions, and the Interior Department's use of the Endangered Species Act to lock up millions of acres of forest and oil and natural gas reserves, can accomplish much the same thing as the climate alarmists attempted at Copenhagen, Cancun, Doha, and other climate conferences.
Photo of UN Climate Conference in Doha, Qatar: AP Images
Related articles:
After Educating Delegates, Monckton Booted From UN Climate Summit
CFR Pushes End to Sovereignty at UN's Doha Climate Summit
The United Nations: On the Brink of Becoming a World Government
UN Seeking Global Carbon Regime at Climate Summit in Doha
Obama Using "Endangered" Species to Kill Economy, Push Extreme Agenda


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It's my blogiversary! And I only realised because Carol at Reflections from the Fence wished me a Happy Blogiversary, thank you Carol, and I'm enjoying a virtual version of "The Trip" you're doing. (Lovely photos – go and have a look.)
When I started my blog I was just playing around with old family photos, my family history and stories and I never expected anyone would actually READ it. Well, I thought my siblings might (they don't) but I have lots of people from all over the world reading and commenting, and I'm really surprised. So, thank you 🙂
I post rather sporadically when inspiration strikes and time allows, so here's to the next year.


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Deputy shoots and kills suspected shoplifter
2 other women with the accused are charged with robbery
An off-duty Harris County sheriff's deputy said Friday that he was afraid for his life when he fatally shot a suspected shoplifter in a Walmart parking lot.
Photos: Aryan Brotherhood of Texas
Deputy Louis Campbell was working an extra security job at the store in the 10400 block of the North Freeway about 9:45 p.m. Thursday when he fired the shot that killed 27-year-old Shelly Frey.
Sheriff's officials said two other women with Frey at the store were later taken into custody and charged with robbery. They were identified on Friday as Tiasa Andrews, 29, and Yolanda Craig, 38.
Stuffing bags
Prior to the shooting, a Walmart employee told Campbell that a group of women, including Frey, were stuffing store merchandise into their bags.
They paid for a few small items but then tried to leave without paying for the rest, Harris County sheriff's deputies said.
Campbell confronted the women in the doorway and ordered them to stop.
They tried to force their way past him.
One of the women, later identified as Frey, hit the deputy and ran.
Campbell followed them into the parking lot, where the shoplifting suspects climbed into a waiting car.
Campbell opened the car door and ordered Frey to get out. But she refused, officials said.
Andrews began to drive away while the deputy was standing between the open door and the driver's seat.
"She threw it in reverse and tried to run over the deputy," said Thomas Gilliland, a Harris County sheriff's spokesman.
Campbell later told investigators he feared for his safety and opened fire.
The car sped away.
Moments later, someone called 911 to report a woman with a gunshot wound was in a car in a parking lot of an apartment complex in the 1300 block of Greens Parkway.
Houston Fire Department paramedics were unable to revive the woman, who was identified by sheriff's deputies as Frey. She was pronounced dead at the scene.
The car matched the description of the one used by the suspected shoplifters, officials said.
Two suspects in jail
Campbell was not seriously injured in the incident. He is a 26-year veteran of the sheriff's office and currently assigned to the detention bureau.
Andrews, the driver of the getaway car, was charged with aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon.
Craig, who was sitting in the back seat, was charged with robbery.
Both women remain at the Harris County Jail with bail set at $30,000.
The Harris County Sheriff's Homicide Unit, the Office of the Inspector General and the Harris County District Attorney's Office are investigating the shooting.


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Enhances employee safety and customer experience through real-time video analysis.
Cortexica, London | BusinessCloud profile
Posted on December 1, 2019 by Alistair Hardaker
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With the election last week and all that entailed, I didn't get a chance to write my weekly op-ed for its usual Wednesday publication. I got in done in time for Friday's paper. In it, I addressed the long lines that voters experienced last Tuesday.
As a political observer, I don't recall a previous time when the State Board of Elections decided to delay the posting of election results because voters were still in line. Yet, that's what happened last Tuesday. Virginians were left in the dark for hours about the outcome of votes. (And with the re-design of the SBE website, we still are missing data.)
I agree with David Frum: America's voting system is a disgrace. And Virginia's is even worse than that.
Until we have federal voting reform, something I hope the president takes up in his second term, Virginia needs to join the 21st Century and allow no-excuse absentee voting.
There simply is no excuse for not having it.
My column appears in The Virginian-Pilot on Wednesdays (unless something comes up, in which case it's Thursdays). You can see the columns as they are published here, or navigate to them from the PilotOnline.com homepage by clicking on Opinion and then choosing my name at the bottom of the dropdown list. You can also see the columns by liking my Facebook page. Although my column appears weekly, I am not and have never been an employee of The Virginian-Pilot.Follow @vpaige


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I don't know if mine is better or worse?? But I'm thinking Steve and Allie too.
i just saw from wikipedia, that team that got blind u-turn is joe and heidi, wikipedia just ACCIDENTALLY update the team's position on leg 5 and show that joe and heidi is in 8th place, but when I checked back just now, his writings have been deleted. how lucky I am!
Quote from: georgiapeach on March 07, 2010, 09:00:32 PMI don't know if mine is better or worse?? But I'm thinking Steve and Allie too. Looks more like Joe and Heidi to me. The woman's face is more oval and that's more in line with Heidi. Allie's face is rounder. Edit: Plus if you look at the woman, she's leaning toward the other person. It matches with Joe and Heidi's picture on CBS's website.
It matches with Joe and Heidi's picture on CBS's website.
I'll agree, thanks to puddin's screencaps, that it's probably Joe & Heidi.In the insider videos for the first three episodes, there has always been at least one video where Louie & Michael and/or Dan & Jordan have bashed Joe. (They seem to be as obsessed with Joe as Lynn & Alex and Susan & Patrick were about Rob & Amber.)This insider video from episode 3 is probably the most telling one:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wco3vwqMxps
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DGS Publications
|Publication Date
|B21C Groundwater Quality and Monitoring of Rapid Infiltration Basin Systems (RIBS), Theory and Field Experiments at Cape Henlopen State Park, Delaware
|Andres, A.S., Walther, E.F., Türkmen, M., He, C., Chirnside, A.E.M., Ritter, W.F.
|B21A Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Options Used in Rapid Infiltration Basin Systems (RIBS)
|Türkmen, M., Walther, E.F., Andres, A.S., Chirnside, A.E.M., Ritter, W.F.
|OFR28 Potential for Ground-Water Recharge in the Coastal Plain of Northern New Castle County, Delaware
|Petty, S., Miller, W.D., Lanan, B.A.
|OFR18 A Numerical Indicator of Water Conditions for Northern Delaware
|Jordan, R.R., Woodruff, K.D.


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Aloha Friends,
Here is information on a few upcoming workshops on the proposed building code changes:
County staff from the Building Department will explain and clarify proposed changes to the Hawai`i County Building Code at two workshops next month.
Bill 270, Draft 3, would change the Building Code by adopting the 2006 International Building Code (2006 IBC), along with a number of state and county amendments.
The county is required by state law to adopt a building code using model codes and standards, such as the 2006 IBC, no later than two years after the adoption of the state building code. The state building code was adopted in 2010, and adoption of Bill 270 will bring the county into compliance with the state law.
The workshops will be held on Tuesday, Sept. 6 at the West Hawai'i Civic Center, Community Meeting Hale in Kailua-Kona from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.; and on Wednesday Sept. 7 at the Aupuni Center Conference Room in Hilo from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m.
To view a copy of Bill 270, Draft 3, go to http://records.co.hawaii.hi.us/weblink/0/doc/756796/Page1.aspx
To view a copy of the current Hawaii County Code, Chapter 5, relating to building, go to http://co.hawaii.hi.us/countycode/chapter05.pdf
To view a free copy of the International Code go to http://www.iccsafe.org/Store/Pages/OverviewFreeCodes.aspx and http://www.iccsafe.org/Store/Pages/FreeCodes.aspx
Office of Hawai'i County Councilmember Brittany Smart
District 6 – Upper Puna, Ka'u, South Kona
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
(808) 961-8536
Related articles
- Hawaii County Staff to Explain and Clarify Proposed Building Code Changes (damontucker.com)
- The Big Island… "Top Hawaiian Island" (damontucker.com)
Filed under: aloha, Announcements, Big Island, County Council, Economy, Hawaii, Something New?, State Affairs, Sustainable Living | Tagged: Building code, Building inspection, Council Member Brittany Smart, Hawaii County | Leave a comment »


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Do mother birds really abandon their chicks if a human touches them?
How old is Danielle cohn?
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What are peoples passwords on roblox?
Which is greater 0.6 or 0.60 explain?
How many times did Tom Hanks say Wilson in castaway?
What is the answer to DICE DICE hidden meaning puzzle?
How thick is a match book cover?
What was Play-Doh originally made for?
What's the "Bastille" in Bastille Day?
If you could make one change to the education system, what would it be?
Is it safe to take a shower during a thunderstorm?
Why is the clock tower in London called Big Ben?
Why don't satellites crash into earth?
Where is the origin of the Panama hat?
Have you ever crashed a wedding or had your wedding crashed, if so what happened?
Which action will raise an exception?
What is the name of Lavanya in devyani serial?
How can solidarity bind the rich and poor?
What is the weight of one crore Indian rupees for a 500 note?
Where is a single element of data stored?
What criteria do you apply to judge the merits and demerits of an average?
BA-4 Why must a personal water craft operator follow U.S. Coast Guard rules and regulations?
What are some of the contradictory forces you are aware of in your life that make sexual development difficult?
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Donna's Pumpkin Black Bean Soup
This soup is sure to be a hit. It has lots of healthful ingredients. It is full flavored with a smooth rich texture. For a main course soup, add ground beef, sausage, ham or chicken.
1 tablespoon canola oil
1 large onion, chopped
1 teaspoon minced garlic
1 can (15 ounces) black beans, drained and rinsed
1 can (15 ounces) great northern beans, undrained
1 can (15 ounces) diced seasoned tomatoes
4 cups fat-free chicken broth, divided
1 can (15 ounces) canned pumpkin
1 teaspoon chili powder
1/4 teaspoon cumin
1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
salt and pepper to taste
3 tablespoons sherry optional
In a large soup pan, heat oil. Add onion and cook until translucent. If adding meat, sausage, or chicken, add it at this point. Cook until lightly brown. Add garlic and cook 1 minute.
Add black beans, great northern beans, tomatoes, 3 cups of broth, pumpkin, chili powder, cumin, and cinnamon. Stir to mix. Bring to a boil, reduce heat, and simmer for 10 – 20 minutes. Add salt and pepper to taste.
If soup is too thick, add additional broth to thin to desired consistency. When ready to serve, add sherry.
Serves 6
Nutritional Information per serving:
Calories: 200
Fat, gm.: 3
Protein, gm.: 10
Carbs, gm.: 32
Cholesterol, mg.: 0
Fiber, gm.: 10.8


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Dr. Carol Wittmeyer, associate professor of management in St. Bonaventure University's School of Business, served as moderator for a family business panel discussion at the New York State Association of Convenience Stores Trade Show and Convention.
Held May 15 at the Oncenter in Syracuse, the panel included Michael Newman, executive vice president of NOCO Inc.; Joseph Mirabito, CEO of Mirabito Energy Products; and Mark Byrne, executive vice president of Byrne Dairy and president of SonByrne Sales Inc.
"It was a pleasure to work with Mike and Joe, who are humble leaders of successful multi-generational family firms in our region," Wittmeyer said. "They shared their stories related to the three success factors we know are critical to family business transitions: governing boards, strategic planning and family meetings."
Also, Wittmeyer is serving as strategic planning consultant to the New York Family Business Center, a not-for-profit newly located at the Madden School at LeMoyne College.
"It's a real honor to work with Upstate family businesses and another Catholic institution committed to our partnership of serving families in business in Upstate New York," she said. "Such partnerships help the many students on all of our campuses who look forward to running their own family firms."
As part of her sabbatical, Wittmeyer will serve as a professor in residence at Ellicott Development in June. She will work with Chairman Carl Paladino, '68, to complete a case study of the enterprise they drafted with the late Patrick Paladino and Dr. John G. Watson, former dean of SBU's School of Business.
She will attend meetings at the company to get current business experiences and offer management training for staff.
About the University: The nation's first Franciscan university, St. Bonaventure University cultivates graduates who are confident and creative communicators, collaborative leaders and team members, and innovative problem solvers who are respectful of themselves, others, and the diverse world around them. We are establishing pathways to internships, graduate schools and careers in the context of our renowned liberal arts tradition. Our students are becoming extraordinary.
Application forms, procedures and additional information
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St. Bonaventure for yourself
Learn more about the programs that interest you


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Friday, December 15, 2006
Raman Niwas
A new acquaintence of mine, Navneet Raman, whom I met on Assi ghat, commissioned me to do a painting of his family house. It is an exquisite old building in Varanasi which I really enjoyed painting last Sunday. Navneet owns a gallery, where I might show my work too.
So long,
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 11:37 pm 5 comments:
Wednesday, December 13, 2006
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 10:56 am 1 comment:
I have bought a tanpura from Nithai and Tarak Nath, a father - son intrument making team. This gorgeous instrument has transformed my Dhrupad practise every day.
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 10:52 am 2 comments:
I went to Bina, Madhya Pradesh for a collegue's wedding, which was an overnight journey by train. Shailesh's wedding was a fabulous extravaganza. It all started with the marriage troupe which occupied an entire compartment on the train to Bina, Madhya Pradesh. When we reached the hotel there were barbers provided to give us shaves, and then ironers to iron our clothes and shoe poilishers and so on. We started the marriage procession under a still magnificently full moon and I initiated the dancing. It was my only chance to dance under the moonlight, in the middle of the street mindless of traffic and such trivialities.
It was wild! Maharaja band provided the music, Shailesh's goda (horse)turned into a white gaadi (car), as he was transformed into Prince charming. Money thrown in the air, children running helter skelter to pick it up, gyrating hips, human chandeliers, family feuds and the laughter of a lifetime, as we stopped to have chai on the way to the bride's house.
There were several other stops for water, sweets and more chai in the span of 1 km...which took 3 hours to reach, after which the wedding ceremony took place on a rooftop under the stars, until 5:30 am!
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 10:49 am No comments:
December box
My December sketchbox is a little paan box, that I've converted to hold
daily doodles. I even inscribed my seal on the back of this metalic box.
The paintings are about 2" by 3", so they are best viewed small.
This week's fascinations have been with the various symbols painted on the
faces at Assi ghat.
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 10:46 am No comments:
Saturday, December 02, 2006
The end of November
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 4:32 am No comments:
Let it all out
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 4:30 am No comments:
Winter has arrived
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 4:28 am No comments:
Dhrupad lesson # 4
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 4:26 am No comments:
Posted by Prashant Miranda at 4:24 am No comments:
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Former teen heartthrob Leif Garrett was arrested Monday for heroin possession after police noticed him "shaking and sweating profusely" on an LA subway platform, a sheriff's spokesman told the LA Times.
LA Country Sheriff's deputies stopped Garrett due to his visible agitation, but the former child star denied having any drugs and said that he "gets nervous around law enforcement because of his prior experience," Steve Whitmore, a sheriff's spokesman told the paper.
Garrett then allowed the deputies to search him, and later admitted he had black tar heroin hidden in his shoe.
U.S. & World
This is not Garrett's first brush with the law -- in 2006 is he was arrested on another LA subway for possession of heroin. In 1999, he was arrested after allegedly trying to buy narcotics from undercover officers, and in 1979 he was arrested for drunk driving after an accident that left a victim permanently disabled.
Garrett was released on bail Wednesday and is due in court on February 24.


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Proposed tuition, 2012–13 to 2016–17
See Tuition setting information to download proposed increases, the complete proposed schedule and additional information.
Following are the proposed full-time semester tuition schedules for university campuses, required fees not shown. Full-time tuition applies to students enrolling in 12 or more credits.
Filed under: Announcements, Education, Kids, UH, UH Hilo | Tagged: University of Hawaii Hilo Tuition, University of Hawaii Tuition | Leave a comment »


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The EMD Guide to the 1950s: Drinks
If you're imagining smoky boardrooms filled with well-suited men drinking martinis and cheating on their wives, well, that's Mad Men, and that's the '60s, so you're gonna have to wait. The '50s were more about the post-WWII upheaval in culture and technology, and what America drank also reflected these shifts. Here are some of the drinks that were popular during the 1950s:
Thank God, the Tiki Bar Is Open
In the 1950s, the popularity of tiki culture skyrocketed after the return of American soldiers fighting in the South Pacific in WWII. With the popularity of movies like Elvis' Blue Hawaii and restaurants like Trader Vic's, people were really into tropical-themed drinks, such as the Piña Colada, Mai Tai and Zombie — basically anything served in a coconut shell with a ton of garnish.
Though the Piña Colada is said to have been invented in 1954 at a San Juan Hilton, references to a pineapple and coconut drink by the same name can be found as early as 1906. No matter its origins, someone decided to throw some rum in along the way, which paved the way for the best/worst song about cheating on your significant other ever. [Photograph via San Diego Travel Blog]
Another drink that gained popularity in the 1950s was the Grasshopper. Made with Creme de Menthe — a mint liqueur — Creme de Cacao and cream, it was the progenitor of green barf before anyone had ever thought to dye beer green for St. Patrick's Day.
Mabel for Carling Black Label Beer
By the 1950s, TV was changing everyone's lives, and many companies were entering new territory by sponsoring this nascent technology, including beer companies. In 1951, Blatz Beer was the sole sponsor of what was a huge event at the time — the Amos 'n' Andy Show's move from radio to television. Other beer companies soon followed suit and created ad campaigns to tout their product.
The most famous campaign of the time was Mabel, an interchangeable female spokesperson, touting Black Label beer. While Black Label beer doesn't exist in America anymore, Mabel became one of Television's first widely identifiable spokespeople, and the first one for a beer company.
Shaken, Not Stirred
In 1953, Ian Fleming created his most famous character, James Bond — the debonair spy who ordered his martinis "shaken, not stirred." Bond went on to become a series of movies that are still relevant today, and his special order has inspired many a drunken bar patron to utter that famous phrase while ordering martinis for decades since.
In 1958, Primo brand beer from Hawaii started shipping its beer in the first aluminum cans to be produced in the U.S., as opposed to the traditional steel can, in order to save on costs. Unfortunately, this introduction was a resounding failure, but aluminum cans clearly caught on, eventually. [Photograph via RustyCans.com]
Having risen in popularity during 1950s diner culture, a Black Cow is a cocktail which mimics the plain old root beer float; at some point an enterprising soul decided to make it with booze and thus worth drinking. Below is the recipe for the good kind. So crank up some Steely Dan, drink your big black cow and get outta here.
Black Cow Cocktail
- 2 oz. Kahlua
- 2 oz. Half and Half
- 3 oz. Coca-Cola
Pour all ingredients over ice and stir lightly. Enjoy and repeat. [Recipe via Drinks Mixer.]


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02 February, 2013
Woo Hoo! Guess Who Will Be Guest Hosting at Cowgirl Up!...Me!
Yep...you guessed it! (Although I already blabbed and spoiled the surprise in my title!) It's me! I am so excited and I can't wait to get in on the fun! And you can, too! Just look for us Monday night at 6:00 pm EST and come with your posts. You may link up decor, crafts, guest posts, recipes, giveaways, sewing, inspiring stories and anything that is related to these categories. So put on your cowgirl boots and mosey on over to my blog! And don't forget...anything that you post will show up on five different blogs! That saves you time and spreads lot of inspiration! See you Monday night!
7 comments:
Congratulations, Cowgirl!!!
What wonderful news!!!
You'll be dynamic!!!
Yay I will be joining you on monday night...so much fun, can 't wait...ReplyDelete
Debbie, I'll see you tomorrow night, too. I'm so excited for you and I have to shout, "I love, love, love your "PB Copy Cat Love Pillow"...actually, I've never seen a pillow that you made that I didn't love. Congratulations on the selection for those "Texas girls"...ReplyDelete
Helen (a native Texan)
How fun, I'll be sure to join in! And if you have time, swing by my blog to meet my new kitty girl :) Have a great weekend, Debbie!ReplyDelete
xo, Andrea
Hi Debbie, congratulations to the cowgirls. Look forward to you hosting the party............ReplyDelete
The French Hutch
Enjoy have fun!! Cograts!!
I'll be there! Looking forward to you hosting, Debbie. Anita's Cedar Hill Ranch is one of my favorite places to visit. See you there!ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for stopping by and taking the time to comment! I appreciate my wonderful readers!... Debbie


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In the opinion of many scientists, the last great revolution in science was the coming of the Nuclear Age. Nuclear technology tends to be viewed as either the most powerful industry for human benefit—or the most dangerous tool for human destruction—ever available for mankind's use. With the development of genetic engineering, the potential for controversy is even greater because in their experiments scientists no longer are dealing with merely inanimate nature, but instead with human subjects—and the consequences are far-reaching indeed. Some have made comparisons between current advances and those that led, little more than a generation ago, to the dropping of the atomic bombs over Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Science fiction writers have created, in the true tradition of Dr. Frankenstein, modern-day monsters ranging from potentially killer microorganisms to duplicates of Adolf Hitler. Some among us see the immediate demise of the human race; others see, and tremble before, the prospect of a Huxlian Brave New World that promises the complete and utter dehumanization of mankind. What, then, is the truth of the matter?
Today the citizens of most civilized countries are better fed, better clothed, and healthier than they have ever been. Transportation, educational, medical, industrial, and even recreational facilities are vastly improved, compared to those of previous generations. Prospects for the future, then, should be brighter than ever. But are they?
While no one knows exactly what the future will hold, there are growing indications that much of it may not be for good. The fact is that mankind has become more smug as scientific knowledge has increased. Humanity has drifted farther and farther from God, and progressively attempts to cut itself loose from the moral and ethical standards found within God's Word. It certainly is safe to say that the average person of our day knows far less about the Bible than the common man of a half-century ago. What will happen, then, as science accelerates, while man's relationship with, and knowledge of, his Creator degenerates? The possibilities are staggering. And the frightening thing is that now we are confronting situations we thought only future generations would have to face.
In the past, genetic engineering generally was looked upon as an area of science dealing with the substitution of new ("improved") genes for old (damaged) ones. But to the man on the street today, it means far more than that—something like conjuring up DNA monsters, or cloning world-renowned figures such as Hitler, Churchill, or Stalin. In this article, the term will be used in its broadest sense to include any form of artificial reproduction or genetic manipulation. Among some of the questions to be considered are these: (a) how extensive is our current reproductive technology; (b) how is it being employed presently; (c) what are the scientific and biblical ramifications; and (d) what should be the Christian's response to the use of this technology?
The motivation behind much genetic engineering research is commendable. Scientists are anxious to alleviate human suffering by the correction of genetic or behavioral defects, therapeutically control and rehabilitate those who are dangerous to society, and improve the general functioning and future potential of the human race. Few would argue with the goal of helping people function better. Even opponents of human genetic engineering would concede that most scientists are not attempting to be malicious or oligarchical elitists.
We must remember, however, that even scientists are not completely free of the desire for power. Further, some scientists work on underlying assumptions that suggest: (a) we can do better than nature (or as the Christian would say, better than God); (b) we are responsible to no higher Being than ourselves; (c) economic value is the final test in considering what should or should not be done; and (d) the end justifies the means. Clearly, the potential for a very real and very serious problem exists. Should this attitude become dominant, there may be no effective barrier against irresponsible uses of genetic engineering.
As we examine the concepts behind genetic engineering, we must distinguish between various types of genetic research. The first has to do with modification, which involves making minor changes in an existing structure by splicing in new genetic material, or by altering the material already present. Generally, this type of procedure has as its goal the improvement of an organism, or the prevention or cure of disease. Few would oppose such uses of genetic engineering, as long as scientists follow proper guidelines.
A second type of genetic research relating to both animals and humans centers on procreation. Currently, for example, technology that once was available only for use in animals now can be employed in humans, allowing people to reproduce when previously they were unable to do so.
A third, more controversial, type of genetic engineering centers on the creation of new life forms. Some scientists see the day approaching when we shall go beyond small-scale genetic modification to produce more novel living beings. This is a drastic departure from conferring a specific trait on an existing organism, or genetically modifying an organism so as to give it a healthier or longer life. One writer has referred to this as "engineering the engineer," as opposed to "engineering his engine" (Kass, 1971, p. 779).
Historically, experiments intended to alter human life began in 1970 when Stanford Rogers, a physician and biochemist, attempted to introduce into his patients a gene for production of the enzyme arginase. The patients' systems were incapable of manufacturing the enzyme—a factor that eventually would cause their deaths. Dr. Rogers injected his subjects with a virus that can produce the enzyme, in the hope that the virus would infect their DNA. Subsequently, the host's immune system would destroy the virus, yet leave behind the gene for arginase production. The experiment failed, resulting in a swift outcry of criticism from the scientific community.
In July of 1980, a more extensive experiment was attempted by Martin Cline, then head of hematology and oncology at the University of California at Los Angeles. Working with him was a team of Israeli medical doctors, headed by Eliezer Rachmilewitz of the Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem. Patients under the care of Dr. Rachmilewitz had a rare but fatal disease known as beta zero thalassemia. Dr. Cline injected their bone marrow with a new gene, in the hope that it would be able to correct the defect in the patients' immune systems.
Such was not to be, however. This experiment failed as well, and cost Dr. Cline his job and research grants. Few in the scientific community, at this early stage in the history of genetic experiments, were willing to put their professional careers on the line. With human lives at stake, the risk was too great. Fewer scientists still were willing to forgive those who tried—and failed.
It appeared, then, that whatever benefits might accrue to humanity from biotechnology would come only indirectly. Indeed, early successes in the field of genetic engineering seemed to confirm that fact. By the early 1980s, business ventures had been formed for the specific purpose of advancing and investing in various kinds of genetic research, the offshoots of which certainly would benefit mankind. Compounds such as interferon, and even insulin intended for use in humans, soon were being produced by genetically altered bacteria. Eventually, human growth hormone was added to that list. People were benefiting, indirectly, from genetic engineering.
By the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, the benefits derived from genetic engineering no longer were indirect. Advances in the field were arriving at breakneck speed. Hardly a day passed that scientists from one corner of the globe or another did not announce yet another breakthrough that conferred additional genetic blessings on humanity. For example, an article on "Conquering Inherited Enemies" in Time magazine announced:
Genetic engineers at a handful of U.S. laboratories are getting ready to embark on the first trials of human gene therapy, a revolutionary approach to conquering inherited ailments. Employing the subtlest available techniques of recombinant DNA, the scientists will attempt to inject healthy copies of the affected gene into the bone marrow cells of a victim of a genetic disorder. If all goes well, the good genes will begin producing enough of the missing enzyme to cure the disease. That will be cheering news for the hundreds of thousands of patients who suffer from the 3,000 known genetic disorders (Angier, 1985, p. 59).
Just five years later, another article in Time reported the epochal events surrounding the treatment of a little 4-year-old girl.
Last week, on the 10th floor of the massive Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD, the still unidentified child assumed a historic role. In the first federally approved use of gene therapy, a team of doctors introduced into her bloodstream some 1 billion cells, each containing a copy of a foreign gene. If all goes well, these cells will begin producing ADA, the essential enzyme she requires, and her devastated immune system will slowly begin to recover (Jaroff, 1990, p. 74).
No longer, then, are the potential benefits to humanity from genetic engineering merely indirect in nature. We have moved past the point where people enjoy longer, healthier lives simply because they can take insulin or interferon produced by genetically altered bacteria. Now people themselves are part and parcel of intricate laboratory experiments—experiments that, we are told, will bode well for humanity in both the near and distant future.
Genetic engineering (in animals or in humans) potentially can take place: (a) before conception; (b) at conception; (c) prenatally; and (d) postnatally. I have dealt with each of these in an in-depth fashion elsewhere (see Thompson, 1995). For the purposes of this article, however, I would like to restrict the discussion to genetic engineering that occurs at conception.
Discussions of reproductive technologies occurring at conception usually include: (1) cloning; (2) artificial insemination; and (3) in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of these, I will limit my comments here only to cloning.
The English word "clone" derives from the Greek klon, meaning a sprout or twig, and in science refers to an asexual process of reproduction resulting in an exact genetic duplicate of the original. Cloning is quite natural for many of Earth's life forms. For example, when the amoeba reproduces by splitting into two parts, it is cloning itself. In essence, then, cloning is a way to grow many identical cells or organisms from a single ancestor. However, most plants and animals reproduce sexually—a process that requires a contribution of genes from both the male and female of the species. Therefore, any attempt to clone such organisms, including humans, must involve sophisticated technology. In the science fiction version of cloning, a body cell (also known as a somatic cell) is used to make a copy of an individual. But cloning of relatively complex creatures, such as mammals, for example, usually must begin with an egg, or perhaps even a fertilized egg. Only then can scientists make copies of one unique set of genes.
In one technique known as nuclear transfer, an unfertilized egg is taken from the female, and its nucleus is either destroyed (e.g., by radiation) or removed. The nucleus from a body cell then is placed in the egg, which, when implanted in the uterus, behaves as if it has been fertilized, except that all of its genetic information has been derived from a single individual rather than a pair of parents.
This type of cloning possesses potential benefits. Its greatest value, however, is not as an alternative means of reproduction, but as a powerful laboratory research tool, especially in developmental biology. Cloning can aid in the study of nuclear differentiation by helping scientists to better understand how an embryonic cell becomes a nerve cell, a blood cell, etc. It also can be very helpful in the study of immunology and organ rejection. Additionally, cloning can be used with great benefit in medical research. For example, it can be used in the study of cancer, and also can be used in the study of the aging process.
During the 1950s, F.C. Steward of Cornell University demonstrated how to clone certain plants, and produced carrots by the thousands through such a procedure (see Steward, 1970). In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas King of the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia cloned a leopard frog (see Briggs and King, 1952). Since then, carrots, tomatoes, fruit flies, and even frogs have been cloned. The successes (and there were many) were the result of painstaking research carried out using embryonic or neonatal somatic cells (viz., non-adult cells). By the late 1970s, scientists lamented that, in spite of numerous attempts in laboratories around the world, "...no one has yet shown that it is possible to clone a mammal by using a body cell nucleus from an adult" (Lygre, 1979, p. 41). Something—no one quite knew what—seemed to make the somatic cell of the adult an unlikely candidate for cloning procedures. However, investigators did not abandon their efforts, and attempts to clone organisms using adult somatic cells continued at an unprecedented pace.
Clement Markert of Yale University perfected a method that allowed researchers to remove one set of chromosomes—either those from the sperm or those from the egg—just after fertilization. Through biochemical means, the remaining set could be made to double, producing an egg with a double set of the sperm's (or egg's) chromosomes. Since the same number of chromosomes as found in a fertilized egg then was present, embryonic development could begin. Peter Hope and Karl Illmensee at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine employed this technique in mice, and produced seven offspring, all females. While it is true that none of the seven was a clone of the genetic parents, if the same procedure were repeated on those seven mice (retaining the chromosomes of their eggs), their offspring would be clones.
The first clones of large animals were produced by S.M. Willadsen (1986), who transferred a single cell from an 8-cell sheep embryo to an unfertilized egg whose nucleus had been destroyed. Three of the four reconstituted embryos transferred to ewes' oviducts developed into lambs that were genetically identical.
But what about attempts at human cloning? Landrum Shettles reported in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology that he personally had cloned human embryos to the blastocyst stage (the point in early development where the whole embryo has the appearance of a hollow sphere; see Clark, 1979, p. 99). As one writer summarized the experiment:
According to the report, he had removed the genetic material from a human egg cell and replaced it with the nucleus of a human spermatogonium, the precursor of the sperm cell. Because the spermatogonium contains a double set of chromosomes, it is a complete blueprint for the individual. The egg was fertilized, cell division began, and three days later the embryo was at the morula stage, its cluster of cells ready for implantation. If the paper was true, then it meant that the first glimmering of a human being had already been cloned (Kahn, 1988, p. 164, emp. added).
The operative phrase here, of course, is "if the paper was true." Most scientists working in this field did not believe that it was, and remained skeptical of Dr. Shettles' experiment. Why? "Shettles never presented evidence that the egg was enucleated, ...nor did he use genetic markers that would have proved that the sole parent of the embryo was indeed the transplanted spermatogonium" (Kahn, 1988, p. 164).
In 1978, science writer David Rorvik authored, and the J.B. Lippincott Company of Philadelphia published, In His Image: The Cloning of a Man. The book reportedly told the story of a 67-year-old eccentric millionaire who had himself cloned successfully, and spawned a serious scientific controversy since it was published as nonfiction. Most scientists dispute claims such as those made by Rorvik and others in regard to the cloning of humans. In its publication, ASM News, the American Society for Microbiology stated:
Four eminent cell biologists have testified before congress that adult cloning of humans has not been and may never be achieved because of biological barriers. They also called David Rorvik's book, In His Image: The Cloning of a Man, a fictional work replete with scientific errors (1978, p. 334).
One scientist suggested concerning Rorvik's work: "His book sets new standards for the label 'nonfiction' " (Lygre, 1979, p. 41). In 1981, U.S. District Court judge John Fullam ruled the book to be fiction (Fullam, 1981, p. 2-F) and, several years after its publication, Lippincott publicly acknowledged the book as a hoax.
To some, however, the idea of human clones is not beyond the realm of possibility. Several years ago, Kimball Atwood, professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois, stated that humans could be cloned "within a few years" (as quoted in Rorvik, 1969, p. 9). Nobel laureate James Watson later predicted:
...if the matter proceeds in its current nondirected fashion, a human being born of clonal reproduction most likely will appear on the earth within the next twenty to fifty years, and even sooner, if some nation should actively promote the venture (1971).
To date, there is no credible evidence that humans have been cloned, in the traditional sense of the word.
But who can know what the future may hold in this regard? For example, in October 1993, at a meeting of the American Fertility Society, two Americans, Jerry Hall and Robert Stillman, touched off an unexpected controversy when they presented a research paper on IVF procedures. At the time, Dr. Hall was the director of the in vitro laboratory at George Washington University; Dr. Stillman headed the University's IVF program. Starting with 17 human embryos ranging from the two-cell to the eight-cell stage, Hall and Stillman used new technology to multiply the embryos from 17 to a total of 48. News magazines and major city newspapers heralded the landmark event with feature articles. The New York Times published a front-page article under a headline that screamed, "Scientist Clones Human Embryos, and Creates an Ethical Challenge." Newsweek and Time both prepared cover stories on the Hall/Stillman experiments (see Adler, 1993; Elmer-Dewitt, 1993).
The controversy caused by the Hall/Stillman experiment was due, in large part, to the fact that human embryos were involved. However, it is important to note what the experiment did, and did not involve. First, the experiment did not involve the type of cloning of science fiction fame—in which genetic material from a mature individual is nurtured and grown into a replica of the original. Second, the experiment did not involve the cutting and splicing procedures by which DNA strands from cells are mixed and matched. In some instances, to mention just one example, molecular biologists have inserted human genes into the DNA of bacteria to produce insulin in large quantities. But the Hall/Stillman experiment did not involve this kind of genetic engineering.
Hall and Stillman were searching for a way to make IVF more successful. A woman in which only a single embryo is implanted has somewhere between a 10 and 20% chance of becoming pregnant, if all goes well. But if that single embryo could be cloned into three or four, the chances of a pregnancy would increase dramatically. These two researchers were not trying to produce cloned embryos that would be implanted into a potential mother. Instead, they were working with abnormal embryos resulting from fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm cells, and which therefore would not live more than a few days at best.
|Method by which Stillman and Hall produced twin embryos from a single embryo (after Kolberg, 1993)
The experiment involved allowing the single-cell embryos to divide into two cells, and then separating them. To do this, the outer coating around the cells (known as the zona pellucida) that is essential to the embryo's proper development had to be removed. Once the cells had been separated, an artificial zona pellucida had to be created to take the place of the original one that had been destroyed. Hall and Stillman developed an artificial zona pellucida from a gel derived from seaweed. Once the artificial coating was replaced, the cells began to grow.
The experiment, so far as Hall and Stillman were concerned, had been a success, and was repeated numerous times, producing 48 clones in all. But none of the clones lived more than six days. A detailed description of the process used by Hall and Stillman was published in Science News (see Fackelmann, 1994a). While many praised the novel experiment, criticism from some in the academic and scientific communities was quite strong (see Fackelmann, 1994b). Unfortunately, the headlines in newspapers and magazines were not always representative of the actual facts. Humans had not been cloned. While we cannot condone the manner in which the Hall/Stillman research was carried out (i.e., accepting the inevitable death of living human embryos as the by-product of a scientific experiment), at the same time it is important that we understand exactly what the new technology allowed scientists to do, and that we not overstate the case regarding what was accomplished.
[to be continued]
Adler, Jerry (1993), "Clone Hype," Newsweek, pp. 60-62, November 8.
Angier, Natalie (1985), "Conquering Inherited Enemies," Time, pp. 59-60, October 21.
ASM News (1978), (Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology), p. 334, July.
Briggs, Robert and Thomas J. King (1952), "Transplantation of Living Nuclei from Blastula Cells into Enucleated Frog Eggs," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 38:455-463.
Clark, Matt (1979), "Clones Again," Newsweek, February 12.
Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (1993), "Cloning: Where Do We Draw the Line?," Time, pp. 65-70, November 8.
Fackelmann, Kathy A. (1994a), "Cloning Human Embryos," Science News, 145[6]:92-93,95, February 5.
Fackelmann, Kathy A. (1994b), "University Probe Faults 'Cloning' Research," Science News, 146[25]:406, December 17.
Fullam, John (1981), as quoted in "Clone Deemed a Hoax," Dallas Times Herald, p. F-2, March 22.
Jaroff, Leon (1990), "Giant Step for Gene Therapy," Time, pp. 74-76, September 24.
Kahn, Carol (1988), "Double Takes," Omni, 11[1]:58-65,164, October.
Kass, Leon (1971), "The New Biology: What Price Relieving Man's Estate?," Science, 174:779-788.
Kolberg, Rebecca (1993), "Human Embryo Cloning Reported," Science, 262:652-653, October 29.
Lygre, David (1979), Life Manipulation (New York: Walker).
Rorvik, David (1969), "Cloning: Asexual Human Reproduction," Science Digest, pp. 7-9, November.
Rorvik, David (1978), In His Image: The Cloning of a Man (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott).
Steward, F.C. (1970), "From Cultured Cells to Whole Plants: The Introduction and Control of Their Growth and Differentiation," Proceedings of the Royal Society [B], 175:1-30.
Thompson, Bert (1995), The Christian and Medical Ethics (Montgomery, AL: Apologetics Press).
Watson, James (1971), "Moving Toward the Clonal Man: Is This What We Want?," Atlantic, 227:50-53.
Willadsen, S.M. (1986), "Nuclear Transplantation in Sheep Embryos," Nature, 320:63-65.
Copyright © 1997 Apologetics Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Losing weight is just the latest battle in the incredible life of Rulon Gardner.
As a contestant on this season's "The Biggest Loser," which airs again tonight, Gardner tipped the scales at 474 pounds, more than 200 pounds heavier than he was as an Olympic champion wrestler. On last week's season premiere, Gardner lost 32 pounds—and he likely still has a long way to go to reach his personal goal, which he is not disclosing.
Rulon Gardner's gold-medal Greco-Roman wrestling win in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney was the greatest upset in the sport's history, and maybe one of the greatest in sports history. Gardner defeated Russian Alexander Karelin, who entered the match with a 13-year winning streak. (That's years, not matches, mind you.)
Life hasn't always been kind to Gardner since that win, yet he somehow has managed to make it through relatively unscathed. In 2002, after snowmobiling in his native Wyoming, he spent a night in the wilderness in which temperatures reached 25 below zero. He lost a toe to frostbite.
In 2004, he was riding his motorcycle in Colorado when he was struck by a car, yet he suffered only minor cuts. He went on to win the bronze medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics and hung up his wrestling shoes for good.
Then in 2007, Gardner and two others survived a plane crash at Lake Powell, UT, in which the three men had to swim to safety before spending the night without shelter. They were rescued the next morning. None of the three men sustained injuries.
Yet all the while, Gardner was slowly cheating death in a different way by letting himself go to an alarming, morbidly obese weight. It wasn't until he noticed himself on TV at an event honoring his induction into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame last summer that Gardner decided to take control of his weight and his life.
Gardner is a club owner. He and partner Justin Pope own the Rulon Gardner Elite Training Center in Logan, UT. Pope also is Gardner's partner on "The Biggest Loser." As a team, they combined to lose 59 pounds in the first week, the most among the 11 teams on the show.
Losing the necessary weight may not be the most memorable victory in Gardner's life, but it will be the most important.


text:
I hope everyone is enjoying their summers! Just wanted to post an update on the Phase I (institutional site) launch.
The new website has fallen behind due to the changes in IT. Our servers are being configured now and dotCMS won't be able to complete the implementation until they have access to the servers. We also had to postpone the dotCMS "train the trainer" sessions. The "train the trainer" Content Manager course is currently scheduled for July 19-20. The primary audience for this course is ETS (Educational Technology Services, aka our Help Desk staff and other IT support staff) so that they can deliver subsequent training to the campus. There will also be a Content Architect course July 21-22 (this covers creating templates, widgets and the like) intended for people who will be dotCMS administrators.
We're hoping to launch the institutional site August 1, with all other sites migrating after that. ETS will likely hold the first dotCMS training for the campus sometime in August and continue regularly through the fall semester.
We now return you to your regularly scheduled activities.


text:
Schiffchenspitzen - Waltraud Naumer
Waltraud Naumer published "Schiffchenspitzen Occhi Frivolités, Eine Einführung in eine alte Handarbeit mit über 100 traditionellen und neuzeitlichen Mustern und Anwendungsbeispielen." in 1984 (Verlag Paul Haupt Berne and Stuttgart.) The book presents the basic instructions for tatting and offers more than 100 traditional and modern patterns and examples of uses for the tatting. It is a hardback book with 163 pages, 11 color plates and black and white photos for all patterns. Also included are black line diagrams which are easy to follow but are, unfortunately, unnumbered.
More than 50 pages are devoted to round Christmas tree ornaments and Easter eggs. There is a round dream catcher (window decoration), a modest 3-d butterfly and a few pieces worked over cabone rings (for napkin holders.) Three very old-fashioned cravats or ties are built from individual motifs surrounded by traditional alternating ring and chain repeats. Handkerchief edgings with hanky holders, edgings for insertions and small motifs round out this book.
The expected collars cuffs and doilies appear. Unexpectedly, instructions for edging large pieces of cloth, or joining smaller pieces together to form a table runner and a full tablecloth accompany a full color photo of a table laid with all the trimmings for high tea in the European style.
There are no difficult patterns. This book would offer a great opportunity for the beginning tatter to build up confidence and experience. Two words are the key to the directions, Ring = ring and Bogen = chain. (For German tatting terms table please see below.)
Tatted tablecloth for high tea.
Sample of diagram style.
Sample of patterns.
You Should Also Read:
German Tatting Terms
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text:
Mecca, the Islamic holy city where millions flock every year, is constructing the world's largest clock. It's being built this very minute, but started counting time yesterday for the beginning of Ramadan.
Saudi Arabia is hopeful they're going to set a new time standard, the Mecca time, which will rival Greenwich Mean Time as the new prime meridian.
The clock is located very centrally in the city, close to the Grand Mosque, and is positioned on a skyscraper some 380m high—with the actual height of the skyscraper being 577m. This makes it six times larger than the Big Ben tower in London, apparently, and can be seen 17km away in evenings.
The four clock faces are 46m in diameter, and lit up by 2m LEDs, which flash green when the five prayer sessions should commence each day.
Not just a clock tower, the skyscraper forms a cluster of seven towers which will contain a shopping mall, some 2,000 hotel rooms, enough space for 30,000 to pray in, and even two helipads. [Foreign Policy via io9]


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HARRISON, N.J. (September 9, 2015) – The New York Red Bulls Academy entered its second weekend of the 2015 season which featured two matches for the U-18s and U-16s against Richmond United and D.C. United. Red Bulls U-16 and U-14 completed a perfect weekend, winning all of their matches, while the Red Bulls U-18 split its two games. All of last weekend's matches took place at the Red Bulls Training Facility in Whippany, N.J.
New York Red Bulls U-18 (3) vs. Richmond United (0)
WHIPPANY, N.J. (September 5, 2015) – The New York Red Bulls U-18s defeated Richmond United in the first of two matches on Labor Day Weekend.
The first goal came after 30 minutes when Brian Saramago played through Mason Toye who raced clear to finish. The second goal came minutes into the second half. Toye made a powerful run down the left side and played the ball to Pierre Reedy inside the penalty area. Pierre then set up Jeanpaul Marin whose driven shot hit the crossbar before bouncing down over the line to give the Red Bulls a two-goal cushion.
In the closing stages of the game, Rodrigo D'Andrea played in an impressive ball with the outside of his foot to Jared Gilbey, who settled the ball just inside the area before curling his shot around the goalkeeper for the third and final goal of the game.
"As a team, we're happy to get a win, especially a clean sheet," Gilbey said. "I'm very happy I was able to contribute with a goal. We know we are far from playing to our highest potential, but a convincing win against a good team is satisfying."
Scoring Summary (Assist in parenthesis):
- NY: Mason Toye (Brian Saramago) 30'
- NY: Jeanpaul Marin (Pierre Reedy) 48'
- NY: Jared Gilbey (Rodrigo D'Andrea) 85'
Lineup: Wojciech Gajda, Sean Teixeria, Cristian Martinez, Kyle Perno (Hipsen Garcia 82'), Kevin O'Toole, Callum Johnson, Jared Gilbey, Jeanpaul Marin (Ryan Mingachos 60'), Pierre Reedy (Zaire Bartley 60'), Brian Saramago (Dantae Greer 67'), Mason Toye (Rodrigo D'Andrea 60')
Subs not used: Sam Ilin, Kyle Casey
New York Red Bulls U-18 (1) vs. D.C. United (5)
WHIPPANY, N.J. (September 6, 2015) – The New York Red Bulls U-18s suffered its first loss of the season against D.C. United.
In a fast paced first half, D.C. United took the lead after drawing a penalty in the 17th minute. After the goal, New York nearly leveled the match. Mason Deeds, on the receiving end of a corner kick, struck a shot which was saved. Kyle Perno was there to collect the rebound, but his shot was sent wide.
D.C. United extended its lead after halftime in the 63rd minute when they broke through the Red Bulls pressure and found the back of the net. The Red Bulls rallied to pull a goal back through Brian Saramago in 76th minute, but the comeback was short lived as D.C. restored its two-goal cushion on the counterattack. D.C. United went on to add two more goals in stoppage time to clinch the win.
The Red Bulls U-18s will look to bounce back in its next fixture against NJCSA on Saturday, Sept. 12 at the Red Bulls Training Facility.
Scoring Summary (Assist in parenthesis):
- D.C. United (PK) 17'
- D.C. United 63'
- NY: Brian Saramago (Mason Toye) 76'
- D.C. United 79'
- D.C. United 90+'
- D.C. United 90+'
Lineup: Wojciech Gajda, Sean Teixeira, Mason Deeds, Kyle Perno (Dantae Greer 86'), Kevin O'Toole, Ryan Mingachos, Jared Gilbey, Jeanpaul Marin (Callum Johnson 65'), Pierre Reedy (Zaire Bartley 65'), Brian Saramago Rodrigo D'Andrea (Mason Toye 57')
Subs not used: Sam Ilin, Cristian Martinez, Hipsen Garcia
New York Red Bulls U-16 (7) vs. Richmond United (0)
WHIPPANY, N.J. (September 5, 2015) – The Red Bulls U-16s got off to a fast start against Richmond on Saturday, scoring four goals in the opening 30 minutes of the match. Zach Ryan and Omir Fernandez led the way with two goals each in the first half. They went on to both score again in the second half to earn their hat tricks, while Val Ambrosio came off the bench to cap off the scoring with his first goal of the season, a 7-0 victory for New York. Sam Ilin and Matt Goodman split the game in goal for the shutout.
Scoring Summary:
- NY: Zach Ryan
- NY: Omir Fernandez
- NY: Zach Ryan
- NY: Omir Fernandez
- NY: Zach Ryan
- NY: Omir Fernandez
- NY: Val Ambrosio
Lineup: Sam Ilin (Matt Goodman, 40'), Chris Gloster, Evan Peters, Deandre Golding, Carlos Alvarado (Julainan Kraidelman, 60'), Ben Mines, Kazu Shingenozu (Amadeo Chapru Tate, 60'), Vince Borden, Zach Ryan (Val Ambrosio, 60'), Omir Fernandez (Chris Bermudez, 60'), Jack Valderabanno
New York Red Bulls U-16 (5) vs. D.C. United (1)
WHIPPANY, N.J. (September 6, 2015) – The Red Bulls U-16s faced MLS rival D.C. United on Sunday and came away with the win, 5-1. Both teams came out strong with chances created on both ends. The Red Bulls caught a break when the D.C. United goalkeeper dropped a corner kick that was deflected in for an own goal. New York continued to push forward and doubled their advantage off a brilliant combination involving Ben Mines, Zach Ryan and was finished off by Omir Fernandez. The Red Bulls went into halftime leading 2-0, but D.C. United came out strong in the second half and created a couple of good chances that they were not able to capitalize on. The Red Bulls got going again in the 55th minute when Ryan scored, thanks to a feed from Mines. Vince Borden would score off a corner kick a couple minutes later to make it 4-0. D.C. pulled one back on a free kick in the 70th minute, but the Red Bulls would come right down with Mines again feeding Ryan to complete the scoring and give the New York the win, 5-1.
Scoring Summary (Assist in parenthesis):
- NY: Own Goal
- NY: Omir Fernandez (Zach Ryan, Ben Mines)
- NY: Zach Ryan (Ben Mines)
- NY: Vince Borden
- D.C. United
- NY: Zach Ryan (Ben Mines)
Lineup: Sam Ilin, Chris Gloster (Deandre Golding, 10'), Nick Shimbeno, Carlos Alvarado (Evan Peters, 55'), Ben Bograd, Kazu Shingenozu, Giuseppe Margiotello (Amadeo Chapru Tate, 70'), Ben Mines, Zach Ryan, Omir Fernandez (Chris Bermudez, 70'), Jack Valderabanno (Vince Borden, 55')
New York Red Bulls U-14 (5) vs. Richmond United (1)
WHIPPANY, N.J. (September 5, 2015) – The Red Bulls U-14s claimed its second victory of the season against Richmond United, 2-1.
New York fell behind in the 12th minute against the run of play, when Richmond capitalized on a mistake in midfield to counterattack and score on their first trip into the Red Bulls defensive third. However, the Red Bulls responded quickly as they totaled five goals in a span of 25 minutes. Forward Dylan Sullivan scored the equalizer unassisted in the 13th minute. The Red Bulls then took the lead in the 20th minute when forward Scotty Taylor found the back of the next. Keijiel Watt grabbed his brace as he scored in the 24th and 38th minutes, his fifth and sixth goals of the season in only 84 minutes of action. In between goals by Watt, Sullivan scored his second goal of the game from a Watt pass.
Man of the Match: Peter Stroud
Scoring Summary (Assist in parenthesis, goals/assists this season in italics):
- Richmond United 12'
- NY: Dylan Sullivan (3) 13'
- NY: Scotty Taylor (2) 20'
- NY: Kejiel Watt (5) (Danny Jara, 3) 24'
- NY: Dylan Sullivan (3) (Kejiel Watt, 2) 27'
- NY: Kejiel Watt (6) (Scotty Taylor, 2) 38'
Lineup: Liam Bertrand (Alex Bobocea 41'), Samory Powder (Jordon May 41'), Sean Ryan (Jonathan Ned 50'), Salvador Pliego (Sean Joo 50'), Jayden Reid (Leo Hecht 54'), Peter Stroud, Danny Jara, Danny Ramm, Dylan Sullivan (Alex Quezada 54'), Kejiel Watt (Aziel Jackson 41'), Scotty Taylor


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If you have multiple student loans with varying interest rates, you might consider refinancing your student loans. But what really happens with a student loan refi — and how can you qualify?
When you refinance your student loans, you are essentially getting one new loan from a new lender and using that loan to pay off your outstanding student loan debts. When all's said and done, you'll be left with just one new loan to deal with and, importantly, one (hopefully) lower interest rate.
The whole point of refinancing your student debt should be to save money. If your interest rates are low enough that you won't actually save much money by refinancing your debt, then it probably doesn't make sense to go through the trouble.
You can use calculators to find out how much you can save by refinancing your student loans like this one from Student Loan Hero and this one from MagnifyMoney.
It's crucial that you shop around with various lenders to find the best and lowest rate. You don't have to worry about taking a hit to your credit score by shopping around either — just be sure to do all of your comparison shopping within the same 14-day period and you should be fine. Why? Because if you have multiple credit inquiries in a short period of time, it'll count as one hard inquiry on your credit report.
The easiest way to compare rates for student loan refis is to use comparison shopping websites that can help, or you can always go to lender websites directly. Some great places to start are sites like LendingTree, MagnifyMoney and Student Loan Hero. For example, this comparison page on Student Loan Hero makes it easy to compare offerings from the top lenders.
If you prefer to shop directly with lenders, you can start with some of the top refi lenders in the market right now, like SoFi, Earnest, CommonBond or LendKey.
The great thing about these four lenders is that they allow you to check your rate without impacting your score, and they also have the most competitive rates right now.
What does it take to get approved?
The better your credit score, the better your chances will be of getting a great rate on your refi loan. At a minimum, you'll need a score in the mid to high 600s. Your income matters, too, and lenders will favor borrowers with higher income and lower debt levels because they have a better chance of staying on top of their payments. Most refi lenders want to see consistent proof of income and employment, as well as a record of on-time debt payments.
What if I've missed a bunch of student loan payments already?
Likely, you'll have a hard time qualifying for a refi loan through a private lender. If you have federal student loans, you should look into the Direct Consolidation Loan program or the Loan Rehabilitation program.
Should I refinance if I have federal student loans?
You should be really careful before you decide to refinance federal student loans with a private lender. That's because you are going to lose all of the flexible repayment options and protections that come with federal loans, such as income-driven repayment plans and the ability to qualify for loan forgiveness under programs like Public Service Loan Forgiveness. If you want to see if you qualify for PSLF, check out this guide.
You should be very confident that you'll be able to make all your payments on time because private lenders won't be as flexible as federal lenders. That being said, some of the top student loan refi lenders do work with borrowers struggling to make their payments so long as they communicate with the lender right away.
Before you decide whether or not to refinance federal student debt, run your numbers through the federal loan repayment estimator tool.
Pro tips
Fees: When you shop for the best rates, always factor in the cost of fees as well. Some lenders charge origination fees, which can add to the cost of your loan.
Fixed rate vs. variable rate: Variable-rate loans often have lower rates than fixed-rate loans; however, you assume the risk that those rates can fluctuate at any time. Variable rates make sense if you're sure you can pay down the loan in quick fashion and you aren't leaving yourself exposed to the risk of rising rates for too long. If you think you'll need 10 to 20 years to pay off your loan, a variable-rate loan probably isn't the best option.
MagnifyMoney is a price comparison and financial education website, founded by former bankers who use their knowledge of how the system works to help you save money.