text: LAS VEGAS -- If you're coming to CES, bring a cool ultrabook or innovative tablet or don't bother stepping off the plane. They're the hottest things at the show. Ultrabooks are poised to disrupt the traditional notebook space, and with good reason. They're thin, they're light, and they're loaded with panache, making traditional business notebooks and desktops look like relics. And since they use solid-state storage, ultrabooks boot up almost instantaneously, a feature that could convert critics who wonder why anyone would pay the big money these sleek, aesthetic dream machines command. And then there are the tablets, which dare to challenge the Kindle Fire and almighty iPad. We're seeing tablets with Super AMOLED screens, lower prices and a bevy of form factors. Hell, we even found a waterproof tablet. We expected to see a lot of quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 tablets, as well as tablets that run Ice Cream Sandwich. We were not disappointed. One of the most interesting tablets we've run across is the ASUS MeMO 370T, which offers both those killer features in a 7-inch form factor for $250. We covered the 370T in our Nvidia report, but Asus' PR people dropped the ball on getting us a chance to photograph it so we haven't included it here. Here are the 11 coolest ultrabooks and tablets we've seen at CES. Yes, there are a lot of Samsung products on the list, but they're killing it this year, and deserve the recognition. HP Envy Spectre Ultrabooks are meant to be a premium product, packing top-of-the-line specs into an impossibly thin frame. Here at CES, the HP Envy Spectre epitomizes that definition. This is one cool bit of kit, but it'll cost you. The Envy Spectre will set you back $1,400 when it goes on sale in the United States on Feb. 8. So what makes this ultrabook so fancy? Where do we start? The Envy Spectre features a scratch-resistant Gorilla Glass chassis and squeezes a 14-inch 1600x900 Radiance Display onto a 13.3-inch frame thanks to its attractive, super-slim bezel. The glass looks great — if you like the look of the iPhone 4 and 4S, you'll love the Spectre. The top is completely flat, with rounded corners. It's got built-in Beats audio for discerning audiophiles. It uses HP's CoolSense technology to keep things, well, cool. And it even has an NFC chip on the palm rest so you can quickly and easily share URLs from your smartphone browser. This area is (somewhat oddly, aesthetically speaking) covered with still more Gorilla Glass. It looks and feels a bit unusual for a notebook. The Spectre also has several ports, including an Ethernet port that, interestingly, is kept slimmer by the bottom portion of the port being comprised of a mechanical flap. Rounding out the specs, it's got a Core i5 CPU, 4 or 8GB of RAM and a 128 or 256GB SSD. The HP Envy Spectre is said to run nine hours on a charge. Dimensions are 0.79 inches thin and a hefty (for an ultrabook) 3.79 pounds. — Christina BonningtonLenovo IdeaTab S2 There's a lot to like about Lenovo's latest Android tablet. First and foremost, it runs Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich. Also, the 10-inch tablet slots into a keyboard dock that turns it into something very close to a laptop, much like the Transformer tablets from Asus. The dock also has batteries inside of it, and it can gas up your tablet with an extra 3 or 4 hours of play time. It's also very thin at 0.33 inches, and relatively light at 20 ounces. You can load it with up to 64GB of storage. One bummer: no quad-core chip, just a dual-core 1.7 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon S4. But it's still fast enough to impress. It will ship in the second quarter of 2012, probably starting at about $350. We expect the dock to cost an extra $150. — Michael Calore.LG Z330/Z430 What's better than an ultrabook? A super ultrabook, of course. That's what LG would like us to think, anyway. LG debuted two "Super Ultrabook" models, the 13.3-inch Z330 (pictured) and the 14-inch Z430. Both feature a 1366x768 LED-backit display and Intel Core processors. The Z330 ships with 4GB of memory with a 120GB or 256GB SSD. The Z430 gets 8GB and a combination 500GB HDD with an optional 16GB or 128GB SSD. I'm not sure the Z series will live up to the "Super Ultrabook" billing, but it's got some nice features. It wakes up practically instantaneously. It's got great brushed-aluminum appearance, and I like the texture around the black-keyed Chiclet keyboard. Mouse clicks require only the lightest tap. That said, I wasn't a fan of all the grills punctuating the bottom and side. It detracts from the otherwise slick styling. The Z330 is a uniform 0.58 inches thick and weighs 2.66 pounds. The Z430 weighs 3.3 pounds and is 0.78 inches thick. They'll be available sometime this quarter. — Christina BonningtonSamsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 Don't let anyone fool you — size doesn't matter. Seriously. Well, at least when it comes to tablets. That is especially true in Samsung's case, which is making large smartphones and small tablets like the Galaxy Tab 7.7 The Galaxy Tab 7.7 is the latest in the South Korean company's series of Android slates. Yes, the marquee difference is the size — hey! It's slightly larger than the original — but the size isn't the main attraction. The screen is. The 7.7 features Samsung's Super AMOLED Plus screen, and it is easily among the sharpest, most brilliant displays you'll find in the mobile space. It's gorgeous. Seriously, seriously gorgeous. We're used to seeing these on smaller Samsung handsets like the Galaxy SII, and it's nice to see it scaled up. Under the hood, the new Tab is brawnier than its predecessors. It's powered by a 1.4GHz dual-core processor backed by 1GB of RAM, and it comes with both a microSD card slot for expansion and LTE connectivity. Memory-wise, it's more amenable to expansion than any Galaxy Tabs before it. And with the 4G radio inside, it'll be the fastest yet.— Mike IsaacToshiba Satellite ultrabook Toshiba already has a high-performance ultrabook, the Portege Z835. But that didn't keep it from rolling into CES with an unnamed prototype Satellite ultrabook that could be a great lower-cost option. The mystery prototype has an aluminum chassis, a trendy backlit Chiclet keyboard and a 1,366x768 resolution display. As with the norm in this segment, it's svelte at 0.78 inches thick and just under four pounds. It's a little thicker than the Portege, so it's got room for an Ethernet port, an HDMI port and three USB slots, as well as a slot for your SD card. No one at Toshiba would tell us what's inside the prototype, but we're betting it has either an Intel Core or Ivy Bridge processor and a combination SSD and hard drive for speedy booting at a reasonable price. The unnamed Satellite ultrabook lands in May with pricing starting at $799. — Christina BonningtonSamsung Series 5 Ultra Most ultrabooks lack an optical drive, but a growing number of manufacturers are finding that consumers still want them. Enter the Samsung Series 5 Ultra. It has a 1600x900 high-resolution matte display and — ta da! — an optical drive if you spring for the 14-inch model. That fact alone makes it slightly slicker than the Series 9. It's also got room for ethernet and HDMI ports and and an SD card slot. Inside, the Series 5 Ultra has a hybrid hard drive comprised of 16GB of ExpressCache memory and a 128GB SSD or 500GB SATA hard drive. Look for the Series 5 Ultra later this month with a base price of $899. — Christina BonningtonLenovo ThinkPad T430u Ultrabook The ThinkPad wing of Lenovo is dipping into ultrabook waters in earnest here at CES. This week saw the debut of the ThinkPad T430u, a new 14-incher from the business-minded brand. The ultrabook takes its design cues from the company's very successful, very thin ThinkPad X1 business machine, slimming it down even further. You get the familiar black Lenovo chassis and the same roomy, dreamy keyboard. You'll be able to choose between spinning hard drives or SSDs, which will affect the weight, the performance and the price. It can handle up to a 1-terabyte hard disk, as well. It has a couple of unique features sure to please the polos-and-khakis set: a fingerprint reader with power-on authentication, and a bottom panel that pops off so you can service the drives and the RAM. The ThinkPad T430u will pack one of Intel's new Ivy Bridge processors when it arrives in the second half of 2012. And the price is a wicked-low $850. That's a bargain for this much machine. — Michael Calore.Samsung Galaxy Note It's official: Screen sizes on smartphones have gotten ridiculous. Samsung's Galaxy Note smartphone boasts a mammoth 5.3-inch display, the biggest we've yet seen on a phone. It's all getting confusing as manufacturers blur the lines. Is it a smartphone? A tablet? We have no idea. Whatever it is, it's impressive. Aside from the gargantuan screen, the note is comparable to most high-end Android smartphones. It runs Gingerbread (Android 2.3), comes with rear- and front-facing cameras and sports Samsung's TouchWiz UI skin over the stock Android OS. We could see Notes in the hands of Very Important People taking notes and making appointments with the "S Pen," an exceedingly smooth stylus that's fun to use. The Note also features 4G LTE connectivity, so you'll be able to take care of business quite quickly. When it's coming and what it'll cost is anyone's guess at this point, but expect to see it exclusively through AT&T later this year. — Mike IsaacFujitsu Arrows Given all the tablets on the market right now, manufacturers have to ask themselves how to make their product stand out from the rest. Fujitsu came up with an unusual answer: Waterproof it. Yes, we're serious. To crib from Ice Cube, the Fujitsu Arrows can dance underwater and still not get wet. Yes, it's a novelty, unless you're the type to bathe and browse. In most other respects, the Arrows is par for the course. A dual-core processor, DLNA support and a 5.1 megapixel camera mean it's up to snuff with it's competitors. And did we mention it's waterproof?— Mike IsaacToshiba Excite X10 Toshiba is hyping its latest tablet as the "the world's thinnest and lightest." After some hands-on time with the new Excite X10 on Tuesday, we're going to go ahead and believe the hype. Toshiba made waves in 2011 when it launched the 10-inch Thrive, a tablet with HDMI, USB and SD card ports, a replaceable battery and a removable back. But all that bunting made it one of the heaviest and thickest tablets on the market. It's obvious the Excite X10, a 10-incher weighing only 1.18 pounds and measuring only 0.3 inches thick, is a big swing in the opposite direction. "We want to make a statement that we're serious about thin and light hardware," Toshiba product manager Carrie Cowan told Wired.com. Even though it's alarmingly slim and light, the Excite X10 still doesn't skimp on connectivity. It has mini HDMI and micro USB ports and a microSD card reader, all squeezed into a razor-thin body with a super-light magnesium alloy back. The company hasn't decided exactly when it's going to release the Excite X10 -- it will come out during the first half of the year, but right now it's a Honeycomb device. Toshiba could delay the hardware release and load it up with Ice Cream Sandwich (the 1.2GHz Texas Instruments OMAP 4033 processor can certainly handle it) but Cowan says the company is anxious to get the new design onto shelves, so it might launch with Honeycomb with software updates to follow. One thing everyone's reasonably certain about is the price: It will start at $530 for 16GB and go up to $600 for the 32GB version. That's steep, but paying a premium for sexy hardware isn't anything new. — Michael Calore.Samsung Series 9 What makes the Samsung Series 9 so notable? Well the 13-incher appears to be the lightest and thinnest of the bunch so far, coming in at a scant 2.5 pounds and a mere half-inch at its thickest point. What's more, it's tapered at the edges. It's so thin we'd swear you could use it to slice bread, and the matte black finish straddles the line between professional and cool. The 15-incher is, of course, slightly larger, but only just. It's a hair over half an inch thick and a bit more than 3 pounds. For a 15-inch notebook, though, that's supermodel thin — and light. Our only gripe so far was both models weren't quite so quick as the LG Z330 to boot up, but that's hardly a reason to keep us from liking them. Series 9 ultrabooks will be available next month. They'll start at $1,399. — Christina BonningtonPhotos: Wired Photo Staff


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We ran a picture of this amazing, hand-made bit of steampunk cosplay earlier today, but I liked it so much I decided to chase the guy down and interview him.
How long did it take to make? What's it made of? What would happen if you really lost your hand? Can you express yourself with that hand? All answered in this short video.
You can contact Brian Crecente, the author of this post, at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also find him on Twitter, Facebook, and lurking around our #tips page.

subset: commoncrawl


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We will not be accepting orders for delivery or delivering arrangements between Jul. 02, 2020 and Jul. 06, 2020.
The FTD® Tigress™ BouquetB3-4420
The FTD® Tigress™ Bouquet echoes with the fiery colors of the autumn harvest. Sweet peach roses mingle with rusted red Asiatic lilies, orange spray roses and lush greens gorgeously arranged in a clear glass vase to create a warm display of captivating color.
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All items featured on this site represent the types of arrangements we offer and may vary depending upon availability in certain regions. Substitution Policy


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The PEX Framework is a Visual Studio 2010 Powertool for automated white-box testing of .NET applications. Implemented as a Visual Studio add-in, PEX was developed by Microsoft Research and can be downloaded here. Once installed, PEX lets you automatically generate test suites with high code coverage. Unlike other unit testing tools, PEX suggests fixes to potential bugs it detects in your code. PEX is capable of performing an analysis on your application's code, searching for boundary conditions, generating test cases, searching for assertion failures and ultimately reducing maintenance costs. In this article, I examine the PEX Framework and show how you can integrate it with Visual Studio to create better unit tests with high code coverage.
To work with the PEX framework, you need the following installed on your system:
- .NET Framework 3.5 or higher
- Visual Studio 2008 or Visual Studio 2008 Team System
- Visual Studio 2010
Alternatively, if for some reason you don't have a version of Visual Studio compatible with PEX installed in your system, you can still use PEX from the command line.
Installing the PEX Framework
To install PEX framework in your system, follow these steps:
- Double click on the PEX setup file. The window in Figure 1 appears:
- Click Next
- Accept the License agreement
- Specify the drive and folder you would want PEX to be installed on
- Click Finish when PEX has been installed in your system
Figure 1: Executing the Microsoft Pex 2010 Setup
You can now start Visual Studio 2010 in your system and begin using PEX.
Exploring PEX Using Visual Studio 2010
To begin exploring PEX, I'll create a sample project in Visual Studio 2010 to build an application that displays the sum of two numbers in a
MessageBox. To do this, open Visual Studio 2010 and create a WPF application. Open Mainwindow.xaml and drag-and-drop two
TextBox controls, two
Label controls and a
Button control. Here's the markup code for the MainWindow.xaml file:
<Window x:Class="DDJ.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"> <Grid Height="205" Width="440"> <Button Content="Get Result" Height="24" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="164,132,0,0" Name="btnResult" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="80" Click="btnResult_Click" /> <TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="164,43,0,0" Name="txtFirstNumber" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" /> <TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="164,90,0,0" Name="txtSecondNumber" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" /> <Label Content="Enter First Number : " Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="31,41,0,0" Name="label1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="127" /> <Label Content="Enter Second Number : " Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="31,88,0,0" Name="label2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="127" /> </Grid> </Window>
Insert the following event handler for the
Button control into the MainWindow.xaml.cs file:
private void btnResult_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Calculate.DisplayResult(txtFirstNumber.Text, txtSecondNumber.Text); }
DisplayResult() method is a static method that belongs to the
Calculate class. This method would display the sum of two numbers entered by the user when the
Button is clicked on. The result would be displayed in a
MessageBox. Here is the complete MainWindow.xaml.cs code:
using System.Windows; namespace DDJ { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void btnResult_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Calculate.DisplayResult(txtFirstNumber.Text, txtSecondNumber.Text); } } }
And, here is the complete code of the
Calculate class:
using System; namespace DDJ { public class Calculate { public static void DisplayResult(String firstNumber, String secondNumber) { int sum = GetSum(Int32.Parse(firstNumber), Int32.Parse(secondNumber)); System.Windows.MessageBox.Show(sum.ToString(), "Result"); } public static int GetSum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) { return (firstNumber + secondNumber); } } }


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RedTube – Home of free porn videos. The motto says it all. If free hardcore videos are what you're looking for, then look no further.
In March 2007, RedTube took the adult entertainment world by storm and has continued, like a beautiful MILF, to get better with age. Now, a member of the PornHub Network, the site draws in millions of visitors every day and consistently ranks as one of the top 100 most trafficked websites in the United States and Worldwide by Alexa.com.
Serving up a veritable buffet of free porn, including everything from homemade and amateur sex tapes to hardcore bondage and fisting films, if you can think it, chances are RedTube has it. Catering to all sexes, all races, and all sexualities, the site plays host to an endless supply of straight, gay, trans, and interracial xxx movies.
When, where, and how you watch free porn doesn't matter. RedTube is compatible with all standard web browsers, is iOS and Android friendly, runs seamlessly on all standard tablets and smartphones, and is even compatible with most major gaming consoles, like the XBox One, Playstation 4, and WiiU! Wherever you are and whatever device you have, when the mood strikes, RedTube is there.
If you're a webmaster looking to include adult films on your site, there's an API for that. If you're an xxx video producer looking to distribute your vids to millions of horny viewers, there's an affiliate program for that. If you're a social media junky, there's even a Twitter account for that. Of course, if you're like most xxx lovers and simply looking to kick back, relax, and watch beautiful big tits blondes take hardcore anal from big dicks, well then you better believe RedTube has that.


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Hi, Angela. It's been a while.
One of the most dangerous routines of all time is the Russian Roulette. It's a mentalism act that forces one to rely on his ability to determine if a person is lying or not. I strongly suggest that any mentalist who is just starting out steer clear of this routine until they are both very good at doing the lie detector test, and insured. Even the best professionals get this routine wrong, with often disastrous results.
Like any other mentalism act, the script is rather simple: there are several discs on a table. One of them will have a sharp knife attached to its end. Then, all discs are covered with cups or a cylinder to conceal the location of the knife, and the performer will crush each cylinder by hand one at a time, all with the hopes that none of them actually contains the knife. At each point, the mentalist will be asking the person who mixed up the discs if the spike is there, and the person is indeed required to lie.
I don't always use this routine simply because it's a very dangerous one, and will often require me to sign a waiver if I have intentions of performing it. Any organizer who books me would naturally be terrified of the prospect of having their main event impale himself on (in my case) a sharp spike, and knowing my work ethic, finish the show while bleeding like a stuck pig. It conjures very visceral images in the minds of the audience, and you can sense the sheer terror in the air.
I think that out of all the routines I perform, this one gets the strongest reactions because of the tension it creates for everyone. Most magic and mentalism routines produce a certain amount of drama, but the danger often found in acts can seem quite distant to the audience, since many have seen people escape from straightjackets and the like before, or disappear and reappear from one place to another. However, the stakes are insanely high in this act, and anyone can clearly see how terrifying it would be if one got it wrong. Some people think that it might be a case of accomplices, but I can assure you that it's not. I even offer to pay the guy who manages to fool me into impaling myself. That way, they are motivated to lie better, what with the promise of not only getting me possibly lethally injured, but even compensated for it.
This is one of the best routines in a mentalist's arsenal, ever. However, I would almost never want to end the show with such a performance because let's face it, it does create a lot of tension and ends the show on a very agitating note.
Anyone else uses this routine? Let me know how you like it!


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When we went to El Salvador I expected the kids vocabulary and Spanish language skills to improve by leaps and bounds, (they did!) – but I didn't realize I would learn new words… and I especially didn't think Carlos, a born and bred Salvadoran and native Spanish-speaker would learn anything new.
The thing is, new words enter the lexicon all the time, and we were away for over a decade. In 1999 there weren't "Ciber/Cyber Cafes" [pronounced see-ber] – where people can pay to use the internet – or at least they weren't as popular as they are now.
So for today's Spanish Friday, I'm going to share the new vocabulary I picked up in El Salvador.
Pasarela – Pedestrian walkway over a busy road. (I heart this word. It's so pretty.) Pasarelas are also known as spots where young people make-out – Something I witnessed several times. I insisted that Carlos and I try to fit into the culture, although maybe we don't qualify as young people anymore.
Ambiente – Environment, atmosphere, ambiance. There were always questions directed at me about whether I liked "el ambiente" of wherever we happened to be. (The answer was always "¡Sí!")
Recarga – Literally it means "recharge" – but "recargas" are when you buy more minutes for your cellphone. While we were there we had the cheapest model of cellphone, (I think it cost like $10) – It had very few features (one of which, inexplicably, was a built in flashlight), and one (very annoying) ringtone which sounded even when you were turning it off. I wish I had thought to take video or photos of it, but I forgot. We actually came to love that stupid, little phone. I wish I could hear its stupid ring again.
Anyway, the "recargas" can be gotten almost anywhere. There are signs at various businesses and kiosks. They also have special days where they double or triple your minutes. If it was a triple day and you bought $3 worth of minutes, they'd give you $9. (El Salvador is very big on these bonus deal things – more on that another day.)
For some reason, Carlos couldn't get used to the word "recarga" and every time he went to get a recarga for the phone, he'd go up to the counter and mistakenly say, "Necesito una carga" – to which the confused clerk would say, "Necesita cargar que? No entiendo."
Getting recargas for the phone seemed like a burden at first, but now I kind of miss running over to Metrocentro to take care of it. It was a good excuse to go out and walk around. I also miss the way we Spanglish-cized the word while we were there. I'd say, "Did you recarga your phone?" or "You just recarga-ed yesterday. Are you out of minutes already?"
Místico – The real translation of this word is "mystical" or "mystic" but people seem to use it to mean "weirdo" – I'm still a little confused about this one. (Guanacos, help me out!)
Bruma – Mist/fog. This is the word people used to refer to grey clouds that come over the mountains which they say is due to humidity.
(Not sure if this qualifies as "bruma")
Ubicada – Located. This is another word that was used a lot. "Está bien ubicada" (It's well located), or "Ya ubicaste?" (Did you figure out where we are?)
Está yuca – This phrase means "It's difficult" and it's one of my new favorites. "Está bien yuca la situación" means the situation is really difficult/complicated. (Again, this one got used multiple times per day, whether referring to family problems, politics, the economy or traffic.)
Pulido – Literally means "polished", but used to mean "cool" (not "cool" temperature wise, but awesome-ness wise.)
Tocadores/Sanitarios – Both words can be used instead of "baños" to mean "bathrooms." "Sanitarios" is a word I'm cool with – it sounds like "sanitary" … that's always a good thing and one of my priorities when looking for a bathroom. "Tocadores" disturbs me. It sounds like the verb "tocar" (to touch) … and that is why I still make sure my kids are accompanied to the restroom.
By the way, while we're on the subject of bathrooms – know that the toilets in Metrocentro's public bathrooms lack seats. If you really need to go and can't master the squat stance (I haven't), then head over to the department store called "Siman" … They have seats. Whew!
Another tip – some bathrooms in El Salvador don't have toilet paper in the stall. The toilet paper is located on the wall near the sinks. You must estimate how much you need and take it with you. I think this is to avoid people being wasteful and using too much, but I'm not sure. This setup requires one to know their body well and plan ahead. You can not go into the stall with the intention of only doing a #1, but decide to do a #2, lest you find yourself in the "can you spare a square" situation of Elaine on Seinfeld.
Original – This seemed to mean unique, cool and name brand. We hung out with Carlos's best friend a lot, and he has a 15 year old son. I found myself hanging out with the teenager a lot because we had more in common, (which isn't saying much for my maturity.) … Anyway, he was always very excited when something was not a knock-off, declaring, "Es original!"
Ah, ya – Not actually a word, but it means something like, "Oh, I see. Right. Gotcha. I understand." … I personally always used "Oh, sí" – but the teenager I hung out with always said something that sounded like "Aya" when he finally understood what I was talking about.
Mecha – pistol/gun … The teenager and I talked a lot about gangs. He was so impressed with how much I already knew. He was so confused as to how a girl from the United States could know so much about El Salvador. It kind of blew his mind because he was totally obsessed with everything American – clothes, food, music, movies. He couldn't understand why I would be equally obsessed with everything Salvadoran.
Anyway, one thing he told me about gangs in El Salvador that I didn't already know, is that there's one gang that gets tattoos of Mickey Mouse. He said this with a completely serious expression on his face, and he looked kind of shocked when I busted out laughing. "Why are you laughing?" he asked. "Mickey Mouse is for children," I said, "That doesn't seem very scary." He seemed to take this into consideration but wasn't totally convinced that my reaction was normal.
Then again, his reaction to finding out Pizza Hut in the United States does not in fact serve horchata was kind of funny, too.
Did you participate in Spanish Friday? Leave your link in comments!


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I have always been fascinated by 'why people respond the way they do to different people' and 'what makes an organization effective'. Here I am 2 decades on and I still spend at least 25% of my year studying what works within organizations.
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Snoop Dogg (Feat. E-40, MC Eiht, Goldie Loc & Tha Dog Pound) - Candy (Drippin' Like Watner) [Animated Version] [Re-Upped]
Off Snoop Dogg's Blue Carpet Treatment DVD. Shout out to Arsenal
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Main Content
Archaeology in Indiana - the Early Years - Bibliography
A Note Regarding Resources: Items are listed on this page that enhance work with the topic discussed. Some older items, especially, may include dated practices and ideas that are no longer generally accepted. Resources reflecting current practices are noted whenever possible.
Barnhart, John D., and Dorothy L. Riker. Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period. Indianapolis, 1971.
Standard source for Indiana history during this period.
Black, Glenn A. Angel Site: An Archaeological, Historical, and Ethnological Study. 2 vols. Indianapolis, 1967.
The classic work on Angel Mounds. Reading is technical and recommended for adults. Many illustrations.
Carmony, Donald F. Indiana, 1816-1850: The Pioneer Era. Indianapolis, 1998.
Standard source for Indiana history during this period.
Chronology of Selected Historical Events in Late 17th-19th Century Indiana. IDNR, DHPA.
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History. Third ed. New York, 1991
Comprehensive chronology of world history.
Guernsey, E. Y. "Archaeological Survey of Lawrence County." Indiana History Bulletin, Extra No. (July 1924).
Excellent report on the archaeological survey by Guernsey.
Hamy, E.-T., Milton Haber, trans., H. F. Raup, ed. The Travels of the Naturalist Charles A. Lesueur in North America, 1815-1837. Kent, Ohio, 1968.
Hellemans, Alexander, and Bryan Bunch. The Timetables of Science. New York, 1988.
Chronology of significant achievements in science history.
Justice, Noel D. Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States: A Modern Survey and Reference. Bloomington, Ind., 1987.
Kellar, James H. An Introduction to the Prehistory of Indiana. Indianapolis, 1983.
Highly recommended for secondary level and adults.
Lilly, Eli. Prehistoric Antiquities of Indiana. Indianapolis, 1937.
A classic on the subject. Adult reading.
MacLean, J. Arthur. "Excavation of Albee Mound . . . ." Indiana History Bulletin, 4: Extra No. 3 (May 1927).
MacLean, J. Arthur. "Excavation of Albee Mound, 1926-1927 . . . ." Indiana History Bulletin, 8:4 (January 1931), 89-176.
Excellent reports on the archaeological surveys by MacLean.
Madison, James H. Eli Lilly: A Life, 1885-1977. Indianapolis, 1989.
Excellent chapter on Lilly and archaeology.
Michael, Ronald L. "Indiana Archaeology: 1800-1930." Indiana Archaeological Bulletin, 1:4 (1976), 65-85.
General overview of early history.
Outline of Selected Characteristics of Prehistoric Cultures in Indiana. IDNR, DHPA.
Phillips, Clifton J. Indiana in Transition: The Emergence of an Industrial Commonwealth, 1880-1920. Indianapolis, 1968.
Standard source for Indiana history during this time.
Renfrew, Colin, and Paul Bahn. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. New York, 1991.
A comprehensive examination of the science of archaeology.
Setzler, Frank M. "The Archaeology of the Whitewater Valley." Indiana History Bulletin, 7:12 (September 1930).
Excellent report on the archaeological survey by Setzler.
Smith, Dudley. The Mound Builders of Indiana and The Mounds State Park . . . . [Indianapolis], 1932.
An Indiana Department of Conservation publication.
Additional resources
Folsom, Franklin, and Mary Elting Folsom. America's Ancient Treasures. Fourth ed. Albuquerque, N.Mex., 1993.
Guide to North American museums and archaeological sites. Recommended for secondary level and adults.
Jones, James R., III, and Amy L. Johnson. Early Peoples of Indiana. Indianapolis, 1999.
A useful overview from IDNR, DHPA.
Internet resources
Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology
Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University
Selected student resources
Avi-Yonah, Michael. Dig This! How Archaeologists Uncover Our Past. Minneapolis, 1993.
Includes methods, pioneers, and general history. Color photographs, index, glossary, and pronunciation glossary; intermediate students.
Cork, Barbara, and Struan Reid. Archaeology. Tulsa, Okla., 1991.
Excellent overview. Part of the Usborne Young Scientist series.
Finney, Susan, and Patricia Kindle. American Indians: Pueblo to Potlatch, Totems to Tepees. Parsippany, N.J., 1985.
An independent learning unit for grades 4-8.
Hackwell, W. John. Diving to the Past: Recovering Ancient Wrecks. New York, 1988.
Explores marine archaeology--how scientists locate, explore, excavate, and preserve ancient shipwrecks; intermediate students.
McIntosh, Jane. Archeology. New York, 1994.
Limited text but spectacular photographs; all students; Eyewitness Books series.
Porell, Bruce. Digging the Past: Archaeology in Your Own Backyard. Reading, Mass., 1979.
Stories, activities, and games; intermediate students.
Sterling, Mary Ellen. Archaeology. Huntington Beach, Calif., 1994.
A thematic unit at the "challenging" level.
Stones and Bones! How Archaeologists Trace Human Origins. Minneapolis, 1994.
Prepared by Runestone Press Geography Department; describes how early humans may have lived and are studied; intermediate students.


text:
I have enjoyed blogging and being a part of the genealogical community.
You may have noticed that I have slowed down a bit. I have been concentrating more on researching than blogging as well as participating in well, you know, everyday life.
Right now I am working on the yearly family calendars. I expect to be blogging more after those are done. I have a lot of wills to transcribe and share!


text:
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text:
American Revolutionary War Memorial, Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts
During the Revolutionary War, Fort Hill was known for the Roxbury High Fort that stood there. The colonial army fought a significant battle there which ended in a rare victory for them. The colonial army was on Fort Hill and the British were stationed across a small valley on Mission Hill in Jamaica Plain. In commemoration of this mostly forgotten event, there was built during the mid 1800s, a mysterious-looking memorial, a brick water storage tower with a roof that looked like a witch's hat. Around this tower was a small park, and around that were rows of houses and small apartment buildings, facing the tower from several adjoining streets. Fort Hill Tower
The image, Fort Hill Tower, was originally uploaded by Kingdafy. It is posted here from Neddy's favorites posted at "The Revolution Flickred".


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text:
As is the case each and every season, each and every week, any omission below is not on purpose, it's merely intentional.
Mack's back?
At least for the time being, the Longhorn Nation mob can put away its pitchforks and torches. After a week that saw even more speculation about his job and the confirmation of rumors that Texas was indeed very interested in Nick Saban, Mack Brown was staring square in the face of Texas' first 1-3 start since 1954. Instead, the Longhorn players stepped above the ineptness of the past couple of weeks and moved to 2-2 with a 31-21 win over Kansas State. Whether it was the increased heat on their coach or just the fact that the Wildcats aren't that good, the players seemed to play with a spark, an enthusiasm, a sense of urgency that hasn't been seen at all in 2013 Certainly one win doesn't change all that's gone wrong over the past three-plus years, and K-State 2013 is not the K-State of recent years, but it's definitely a baby step in the right direction.
Hilluva football player
Forget about whether or not Jeremy Hill should even be on a football field; that's another argument for another day. When he is on the playing surface, the LSU running back is one helluva football player. Hill rushed for a career-high 151 yards… and then headed back onto the field for the start of the third quarter. Hill finished with 183 yards and three touchdowns in the Tigers' 35-21 win over previously unbeaten Auburn. The Bayou Bengals certainly have a stable full of high-quality runners, but Hill is clearly the class of the backfield and will continue to serve as an important piece of the offensive puzzle as LSU continues its run toward what should be another epic showdown with Alabama.
Johnny be good at football
If someone other than Johnny Manziel is going to win the 2013 Heisman, they're going to have to rip it from his cold, dead hands. Or something. In less than three-and-a-half quarters of playing time against SMU, Manziel passed for 244 yards and a touchdown while rushing for another 102 and two more scores. Through four games this season, Manziel has accounted for 1,483 yards of total offense (1,228 passing, 255 rushing) and 15 touchdowns; in the first four games of the 2012 season, the numbers were 1,460 (1,094 passing, 466 rushing) and 16 touchdowns. Whether or not voters, given the Texas A&M's rocky offseason, give him serious consideration again this December remains to be seen. Based on his play on the field this year, though, he damn well should be given just that.
Cardinal rules
Stanford got off to a rather ho-hum start to the 2013 season, beating San Jose State by 21 in the opener and then getting by Army by 14 in Week 2. In its first true test of the year, however, Stanford got back to real Cardinal football in building up a 29-0 halftime lead before pushing it to 39-7 and ultimately cruising, relatively speaking, to a 42-28 win over No. 23 Arizona State. As is ofttimes the case, the Cardinal did most of their damage on the ground in rushing for a season-high 238 yards, with three of their touchdowns on the day coming on the ground. Stanford is nothing if not consistent as they've rushed for 197, 205 and now 238 yards in their first three games. We're still six weeks away from their colossal showdown with Oregon down on The Farm, and yes Stanford allowed ASU to make it closer than what it could've/should've been, but it appears the trajectory of both the Cardinal and the Ducks is pointing straight toward an instant classic.
Plow on, Badgers
If anyone thought Wisconsin would turn its back on its running ways under Gary Andersen, you couldn't have been more wrong. In the Badgers' 41-10 win over Purdue in their Big Ten opener, UW ran for 388 yards and averaged 8.1 yards per carry. UW came into the game fifth in the country averaging 337 yards per game, rushing for 393 and 387 yards in the first two games under Andersen; their low-water mark for the season has been 210 in the controversial loss to Arizona State last weekend. The Badgers are now averaging eight yards per carry, a figure that's third in the country behind a pair of teams that are in an offensive league of their own: Oregon (9.3) and Baylor (9.2).
Non-offensive fireworks
Iowa put up a season-high 59 points on the board in a romp over Western Michigan, and the offense was responsible for just 31 of them. B.J. Lowery returned two interceptions for a touchdown, becoming the first player in Hawkeye history to perform that feat. Not to be outdone, Kevonte Martin-Manley became the first Iowa player ever to return two punts for a touchdown in a single game. Martin-Manley is just the third player in the long history of the Big Ten to do that. Iowa is now 3-1 on the year, the fifth time in the last six seasons it has started a season at 3-1 or better.
Spunky punter
We here at CFT don't normally refer to punters as "real" football players. San Jose State's Harrison Waid, though, might consider such a label fightin' words… literally. Waid took exception to being blocked by a Minnesota player following one of his punts and, in very non-punter-like fashion, went after the Gopher that laid him out. While the SJSU coaching staff likely appreciated the fire shown by Waid, they probably didn't like the fact that he was ejected from the game as a result of what was closer to a cat fight than actual fisticuffs.
BCS buster still alive
Thanks to losses through the first three weeks of the 2013 season by, among others, Boise State and Utah State, Fresno State was looking like the lone non-AQ school left that could crash the BCS' postseason party. The hopes of BCS busters across the country were looking even more dire Friday night as the Bulldogs sat at their own 13-yard line with just over seven minutes left and trailing the Broncos by six. Five minutes and 87 yards later, Fresno State put a game-winning touchdown on the board that kept their perfect record — and BCS hopes — intact. While there are still potential stumbling blocks along the way, such as back-to-back games against San Diego State and Nevada in a month as well as a possible conference championship game appearance — rematch with Boise? — Fresno State is looking like as good a bet as any of the non-AQ schools to finish the season unbeaten and put themselves in a position for a BCS bowl bid.
The Devin's in the details
Devin Gardner has been in a very giving mood of late for Michigan. Off the field, that's a positive; on it, it's a decidedly negative trait. Through four games this season, the Wolverines' starting quarterback has thrown eight interceptions in 92 attempts, including two more against UConn. Last season, in his first year as a starter, Gardner tossed five picks in 126 attempts. Gardner also coughed up a fumble early in the third quarter, one that was returned for a touchdown in the too-close-for-comfort win over the winless Huskies. A bye week could be coming at the perfect time for UM in general and Gardner specifically. As a team, the Wolverines must clean-up whatever has gone wrong in two very unimpressive and uninspiring wins the past two weeks. As a player, Gardner needs to some how, some way extract his cranium from his rectum and start playing smart football, especially with the start of Big Ten play on the horizon.
This could leave a mark
Miami had little problem in dispatching heavy underdog Savannah State, but the cupcake win could have come at a steep cost. In the middle of the first quarter, starting quarterback Stephen Morris suffered what was initially described as a lower-leg injury. Morris did not return to the game, and it was later revealed that the initial diagnosis is a sprained ankle. It' unclear if that would be the dreaded high-ankle type of sprain, although head coach Al Golden sounded decidedly optimistic in his postgame talk. What's also unclear is whether Morris will be available for the USF game next week or, more importantly, the ACC opener against Georgia Tech the week after. The only good news for the 'Canes if Morris were to miss any playing time is that they have an experienced backup in Ryan Williams.
What in the name of Red Bull shooters is going on in Morgantown? While the Mountaineers started 2013 2-1, their two wins came against FCS programs, while they scored just seven points in a loss to Oklahoma. That downward offensive trend spiraled further out of control after WVU was shutout in an embarrassing 37-point road loss to Maryland. It was the first time a Mountaineers team had been shutout since 2001, Rich Rodriguez's first season at WVU. The Mountaineers recorded the same number of turnovers (six) as first downs, and they completed a grand total of one pass to a wide receiver. Yes, replacing a quarterback like Geno Smith and a playmaker like Tavon Austin is a tall task, but there's no excuse for a Dana Holgorsen-coached team to get shut out. It may not be on the national radar quite yet, but the howls from the locals around me here in the middle of WV calling for Holgorsen's head are growing in frequency and intensity. Holgorsen's built his reputation on offense; his players had better start playing up to that résumé.
Marshall, Marshall, Marshall
Staying in God's Country, what could have been for Doc Holliday's football program. A pass that could've went the other way for a pick-six instead slipped through the hands of a Marshall defender and into the arms of a Virginia Tech receiver, tying the game at 21-all with just over three minutes left in the fourth quarter. After Tech missed a pair of field goal attempts in the first two overtimes — and after the Herd had one of its FGs blocked in the second overtime — the Herd was in position to tie the game in the third overtime — the Hokies had scored a touchdown and a two-point conversion on their third possession of extra time — only to watch a blatant pass interference in the end zone go uncalled. Add it all up and it was a heartbreaking 29-21, triple-overtime loss for the 2-2 Herd… and a huge escape for a very average Hokies football team.
In December of this year, FIU stunned most college football observers by firing head coach Mario Cristobal. At the time, athletic director Pete Garcia defended the indefensible by claiming the program had "gone backwards over the last year and a half." So, how have the Panthers fared in their first season under new head coach Ron Turner? FIU has lost their first four games by a combined score of 187-23, including the 72-0 whipping Saturday at the hands of Louisville. Even more embarrassing for the Panthers is the fact that the officiating crew ordered a running clock in the second half in an effort to speed up the embarrassment. Excellent work, Mr. Garcia. You've turned around this FBS football program in much the same way you and Butch Davis turned around my Cleveland Browns early last decade. You should be proud.
$avannah $tate
Over the past two seasons, Savannah State has been 60-point-plus underdogs to three FBS teams: Miami (Sept. 21, 2013), Oklahoma State (Sept. 1, 2012) and Florida State (Sept. 8, 2012). The FCS program lost those three games by a combined score of 216-7… and that was with the FSU game featuring a running clock in the second half and weather ending the game in the third quarter as well as the Miami game Saturday having the fourth quarter shortened to 12 minutes. For that trio of eviscerations, Savannah State added $1.235 million to its athletic department's coffers; in 2010-11, the department's total athletic budget across all sports was $5.1 million. Sometimes when you lose, get a beatdown even, you win and win big.
How ranked teams endured close shaves vs. unranked opponents
— No. 3 Clemson 26, North Carolina State: Thanks to some very questionable officiating, the Tigers were able to get out of Raleigh with its fourth consecutive win to start the 2013 season.
— No. 9 Georgia 45, North Texas 21: The Bulldogs may have won going away thanks to ripping off 24 unanswered points, but they were actually tied with the Conference USA program at 21-all midway through the third quarter.
— No. 15 Michigan 24, UConn 21 — For the second straight week, the Wolverines not only allowed an inferior opponent hang with them, they were actually outplay for the better part of 60 minutes. UM may be unbeaten at 4-0, but it's as wobbly a 4-0 that you'll ever see.
— No. 19 Northwestern 35, Maine 21: You beat an FCS team, even a previously unbeaten one like the Black Bears, by a mere two touchdowns when you're ranked inside the Top 25, you deserve a mention for escaping.
— No. 22 Notre Dame 17, Michigan State 13: Were it not for an inexplicable trick play late in the third quarter by the Spartans, the Irish could've very easily been on the receiving end of its second loss of the season.
A snapshot look at how my ballot would look Monday if I, ya know, had a real vote instead of a measly and meaningless preseason poll.
1. Alabama — Call it a letdown coming off a huge win last week or having some pity on a former coordinator, but the Tide looked rather meh-ish in the 25-point win over Colorado State in their home opener. Expect a much different Tide team as it faces a ranked SEC foe. (Last week: No. 1)
Next up: vs. No. 21 Ole Miss
2. Oregon — Despite a bye week, I believe the Ducks still somehow managed to put up 56 points with just 15 minutes of time of possession. (Last week: No. 2)
Next up: vs. Cal
3. Clemson — You could feel and almost see the Clemsoning hanging in the Raleigh air Thursday night, but it never transpired. Is this year different for the Tigers? It's certainly looking that way and holy hell I just jinxed it. (Last week: No. 3)
Next up: vs. Wake Forest
4. Ohio State — After four wins over creampuffs by an average score of 52-15, the Buckeyes have seen the preseason officially come to an end and will face its first real test of the regular season by opening up Big Ten play at home next Saturday. (Last week: No. 4)
Next up: vs. No. 24 Wisconsin
5. Stanford — I was very tempted to put LSU here following their win over previously-unbeaten Auburn, but the Cardinal's win over an unbeaten and ranked Arizona State was enough to trump that in my mind. (Last week: unranked)
Next up: at Washington State
(Dropped out: No. 5 Louisville)
"I can talk about our crowd today for probably an hour in terms of the energy that they brought to the game, getting in there at an earlier time I think than we usually do; staying even when the game seemed very hard at times, and as disruptive a crowd as we've had here probably since the 2006 Louisville game. It was deafening loud." — Kyle Flood, following Rutgers' come-from-behind win over Arkansas.
"Obviously, I appreciate our fans. I've said it and I'll say it again. We have great fans. I think everybody involved knows that what came out is not indicative of how I felt or how I feel about them. I think our fans understand that. They're great fans. They've been around me for five years. I think they know who I am as a person." — Bo Pelini, following a rather rough week for him and his Nebraska football program.
"That was a bizarre game." — David Cutcliffe, after watching his Duke team lose a 58-55 first-round ACC hoops tourney game to Pittsburgh.
"We exposed them at times." — Earnest Wilson III, after watching his Savannah State team get shellacked 77-7 by Miami.
"If not, a stiff dew was out there." — The LSU head coach's response to someone who asked him if it rained in Tiger Stadium.
As a loyal follower of everything and anything Duck Dynasty, I'm fascinated by how far the reach of that family-centric show has grown over the past year. The latest example? In the run-up to their game against Louisiana-Monroe — Duck Dynasty's Robertson clan hails from West Monroe La., with the elder statesman Phil a former starting quarterback at Louisiana Tech — Baylor posted the following photo on their Twitter account earlier this week:
RGIII and Art Briles — looking eerily and creepily similar to Uncle Si sans eyeglasses, incidentally — sporting a flowing and glorious redneck face mullet? Outstanding work, Baylor. Outstanding.
College football teams one-upping each other when it comes to helmet designs has officially jumped the shark. Here's a photo (via the Roanoke Times' Andy Bitter) of a future Virginia Tech helmet that's currently in the design stage:
There's no word yet on if the Flintstones and/or the Rubbles will serve as the honorary captains when/if those things debut.
Ohio State's 76 points in the Week 4 scrimmage against FAMU were the most for the Buckeyes since an 83-21 win over Iowa in 1950. The 76-point margin of victory was the largest for an OSU since downing Drake, 85-7, in 1935.
— Through four weeks, there are 29 teams at the FBS level with perfect records, with six of them coming from the Pac-12 and four each from the ACC, Big 12, Big Ten and SEC. Missouri, incidentally, is the lone SEC East team with no losses. On the opposite end, 14 teams have yet to win a game. Three of those hail from the American Athletic Conference: Temple, UConn and USF. Iowa State is the only team from the so-called Big Five conferences that's yet to win a game.
— Tom Savage's six touchdown passes in Pittsburgh's wild 58-55 win over Duke was the most for a Panthers' quarterback since Tyler Palko tossed five way back in 2004 and tied an ACC record. It was also the most since Pete Gonzalez set a school record with seven in 1997. The 113 points scored by both teams was the highest total ever in a game involving Pitt.
— The 98-yard touchdown pass from Aaron Murray to Reggie Davis in the win over North Texas was not only the 100th of Murray's career, but it was also the longest pass play in Georgia history. It's also tied for the third-longest passing touchdown in SEC history. Murray's 445 yards of offense — 408 passing, 37 rushing — moved the senior to No. 3 on the all-time SEC list for total offense with 11,352 yards.
— Kenny Guiton set a single-game Ohio State record with six touchdown passes, and the senior did that in just the first two quarters. It was the first time an OSU quarterback had thrown at least five scoring passes in a single game since Bobby Hoying in 1995. Guiton has now tossed 10 touchdown passes the past two weeks; he had five career touchdown passes prior to his first career start against Cal last Saturday.
— Derek Carr's 460 yards passing in Fresno State's 41-40 win over Boise State Friday night was the fifth 400-yard-plus performance of his career, setting both the school and Mountain West records in the process.
— Nebraska's Stanley-Jean Baptiste has intercepted a pass in four straight games, becoming the first Cornhusker player since Josh Bullocks in 2003 to accomplish that feat. Baptiste's 140 return yards on his picks are 47 shy of NU's single-season record.
— In a losing effort to Minnesota, San Jose State's David Fales threw for 439 yards and three TDs. He had 296 in the first half alone.
–BYU quarterback Taysom Hill is completing just 35.1 percent (40-114) of his passes this season. An 18-of-48 performance in the loss to Utah actually upped his completion percentage by nearly two percent.
— This is just weird: Alabama did not convert its first third-down try until there were three minutes left in the fourth quarter of their 31-6 win over Colorado State. Up to that point, the Tide had been 0-8 on third down.
— Baylor is the first FBS team since Ohio State in 1996 to score 70-plus points in back-to-back games. Baylor has scored 209 points through three games, the most to start a season at this level in the past 10 years. They are also the first FBS/Div. 1-A team to score at least 60 points the first three games of the season since LSU in 1930.
— Unbelievably, Texas' win over Kansas State was its first over the Wildcats since Oct. 3 of 2003.
— Maryland has started a season 4-0 for the first time since 2001. The Terps had won a total of six games in Randy Edsall's first two seasons at the school.
— Including the 17-14 loss to USC Saturday, Utah State's last five losses have been by a combined total of 13 points.
— UCLA's 692 yards of total offense in the 59-13 win over New Mexico State was a new school record.
— Kansas' 13-10 home win over Louisiana Tech on a field goal as time expired was the Jayhawks' first over an FBS team since Sept. 10, 2011, a streak of 21 straight games. KU has not beaten a member of an AQ conference since dropping Colorado in November of 2010. That was also the Jayhawks' last Big 12 win; they haven't beaten a current member of the Big 12, however, since defeating Iowa State in October of 2009.
— In its 35-point win over Tulane, Syracuse's special teams blocked three kicks — two punts and a field goal attempt — and recovered a fumbled punt.
— In the first half of their pasting of Florida A&M, Ohio State ran 47 plays and scored 55 points; FAMU had fewer yards of total offense (54) than the Buckeyes had points, and was able to manage just a single first down in the first two quarters. OSU was leading the FCS Rattlers 48-0 before FAMU was able to muster its initial first down.
— Minnesota totaled 14 rushing touchdowns in 12 games last season; after six in the 43-17 win over San Jose State, the Gophers have 16 rushing touchdowns in four games this season.
— Prior to their loss to Clemson Thursday night, North Carolina State had beaten the last three teams ranked inside the Top 20 that had ventured into Carter-Finley Stadium: No. 3 Florida State (17-16 on Oct. 6, 2012), No. 7 Clemson (37-13 on Nov. 19, 2011) and No. 16 FSU (28-24 on Oct. 28, 2010).
— The game against Rutgers in Piscataway Saturday was Arkansas' first in the Northeast since 1940, a 27-7 loss to Fordham.
— Cincinnati and Miami (OH) were scoreless through more than 55 minutes of clock time before the Bearcats scored two touchdowns in the last 4:55 to claim the non-conference win.
Yes, it spoke volumes about the level of games across the country, but kudos to not only ESPN for taking their College GameDay show on the road to Fargo, but to the thousands of Fargoites in attendance who created such a tremendous atmosphere for a national television audience. It was a great scene and great exposure for an FCS program like North Dakota State, which remains unbeaten and is coming off back-to-back national championships. Well done by everyone involved. Hopefully it won't take another five years to get back to a lower-level campus.


text: Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar was established in January 1997 for advancement of technical education & development. The University has under its affiliation 40 Engineering colleges,56 Management, 17 Pharmacy colleges ,6 Architecture 2 Hotel Management and 13 colleges imparting courses in Medical Lab Technolgy& IT disciplines. The University has an intake of more than 12700 and total strength of more than 60,000 approx. University has established 12 Regional Centres for M-Tech courses and has established school of Enterprennership 2 TQM as Mohali.


text:
Okla. disposal well shuts down after tremors
The operator of a new drilling wastewater disposal well in southern Oklahoma has shut it down as state officials investigate whether it triggered a series of damaging earthquakes nearby.
Injection at the Love County Disposal Well began two weeks before the earthquakes started near Marietta, Okla.
"The number of earthquakes increased as injection peaked," Oklahoma Geological Survey seismologist Austin Holland wrote in a report. "However, we cannot rule out that this observation could be simply a coincidence."
Well operator Tom Dunlap did not cite the earthquakes in his message to state officials that he would be "shutting in" the well until further notice.
"Our business is uneconomic at this point," he wrote in an email. An attempt by EnergyWire to reach him by phone was unsuccessful.
Injection began Sept. 3 and the earthquakes started Sept. 17 in the area near the Texas border about 100 miles north of Dallas. The strongest was magnitude 3.4, and they have damaged chimneys, broken windows, and caused objects to fall in homes and businesses.
The Geological Survey has moved four seismic stations into the area to determine more precise locations for the quakes.
Before Dunlap voluntarily closed the well, the Oklahoma Corporation Commission (OCC) had sharply curtailed its operations. The agency limited the well to 1,000 barrels a day (42,000 gallons) at a maximum pressure of 375 pounds per square inch, OCC spokesman Matt Skinner said. The well was designed to take as much as 19,000 barrels per day (798,000 gallons) at a pressure of up to 2,200 psi.
Skinner said the OCC was employing a "red light, yellow light, green light" approach. The limits on injection were a yellow light. The National Academy of Sciences recommended such a traffic light protocol in a 2012 report.
The well had never accepted its full daily capacity of wastewater, though. State records show injections got up to 9,500 barrels Sept. 21 before declining.
The well was not hydraulically fractured. But Holland's report said it was treated with 10,000 gallons of hydrochloric acid.
The OCC, which regulates drilling and other industries, has also ordered that a digital pressure reader be put on the well that gives seismologists and oil and gas officials precise, up-to-the minute readings.
Local news reports have indicated that some residents are blaming the disposal well.
Geologists have known for decades that deep injection of industrial waste can lubricate faults and unleash earthquakes. Some earthquake researchers now say the nation's drilling boom, fueled by advances in high-volume hydraulic fracturing, could be spurring a rash of such man-made quakes.
Most seismologists agree that the specific process of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, presents little or no risk of triggering earthquakes that damage property or injure people.
Instead they point to injection wells. Fracking and production of shale gas produce millions of gallons of wastewater. Some can be reused, but eventually, what comes to the surface must be disposed of. Usually, that's into injection wells.
Causing an earthquake is not illegal under the federal environmental laws that cover deep injection of oil and gas waste. But it could be illegal to allow injection to damage drinking water supplies (EnergyWire, June 18, 2012). And lawyers have sued injection well operators under general nuisance provisions after earthquakes.
Very few of the 40,000 brine disposal wells in the country have been linked to seismic ruptures. But in the shale drilling boom of the last few years, earthquakes have been linked to injection wells in Arkansas, Colorado, Ohio, West Virginia and Texas.
In 2012, U.S. Geological Survey scientists said they were observing a "remarkable increase" in earthquakes in the middle of the country likely tied to injection.
An increase in earthquakes in Oklahoma was central to that finding. Since then, seismologists have linked a more damaging 2011 quake outside Oklahoma City to nearby injection wells (EnergyWire, March 27).
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You won't see these comics in any newspaper: "Dilbert" creator Scott Adams, inspired by the Apple employee who lost a new iPhone prototype in a bar only to see the device end up with a tech blogger, posted two strips online lampooning the mess.
He didn't have to change much to get laughs – though in the virtual funny pages, the offender was Wally the engineer, Dilbert's useless trouble-magnet of a co-worker.
"I'm only going to the beer garden, so it should be fine," Wally tells Dilbert as he borrows the phone. Adams noted that he popped the strips on his blog because they wouldn't have made the papers until June 18.
The man-walks-into-a-bar-with-an-iPhone debacle has prompted much humor: David Letterman offered a Top 10 list of excuses ("It must have fallen out of my iPants"). Funny or Die posted an amusing video in which a vengeful Steve Jobs tortures the offending employee in a scene out of a Quentin Tarantino movie. Hitler, as always, isn't happy, as the latest installment in the "Downfall" meme shows.
But this comedy of errors may not be headed to a funny ending.
As Adams posted Wally's misadventures Monday, it was reported that authorities seized computers from the home of Jason Chen, the Gizmodo editor who published a post last week showing the new iPhone prototype in various states, using video and pictures. The phone, reportedly bought for $5,000, was subsequently returned to Apple.
The folks at Gawker Media, who own the Gizmodo site, contend Chen is protected under the California shield law. Authorities, at least for now, seem to be treating the case like a stolen property investigation.
Ultimately, the incident could be framed as a test case for journalism published on the web.
"Are bloggers journalists? I guess we'll find out," Gawker Media boss Nick Denton told The New York Times.
Gizmodo is no less deserving of First Amendment protection than any other journalistic enterprise. The site also is no less deserving of scrutiny, from the media, the law – or the comedians.
"Take a moment to marvel at the fact that I didn't need to add anything to the story as it has been told in the media," Adams wrote on his blog. "All it really needed was Wally."
One voice that's been silent – at least publicly – is that of Jobs, who likes to make big announcements about new Apple gadgets himself. Check out the Funny or Die video below about his imagined reaction to having his thunder stolen (warning: NSFW):
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
Hester is founding director of the award-winning, multi-media NY City News Service at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. He is the former City Editor of the New York Daily News, where he started as a reporter in 1992. Follow him on Twitter.


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It's not often that one pattern lands on more than a few queues in the office. With our own gorgeous patterns to choose from, and so many fabulous indie designs in the knitosphere, it just seems that we never meet in the same spot. Then there was the Lodi cardigan.
You might remember this little cardigan designed by Tanis Gray and knit in Solstice, from the Summer issue of Knitscene. As soon as I saw it, I knew it had to be mine. I do so love a tiny cardigan, often to my detriment, but that's a whole other story. Anyway, one thing led to another and before we knew it, it was on the needles of eight women in our office! Experiences were mixed, from love for the stylish simplicity of the design, to difficulty with the grading, to a newfound appreciation for the wool-organic cotton blend we were all suddenly knitting in.
Solstice is from our Verde Collection, and comes in twenty vibrant colors. The cotton component keeps the stitches crisp and clear, provides structure, and allows the finished garment to breathe. Super soft merino wool adds warmth, drape, and helps pieces hold their shape. I truly dislike weaving in ends, so I was especially pleased to learn that it can be spit-spliced (or "magic-spliced" if the thought of spitting in your yarn is especially unpleasant for you).
|What, people don't dress alike at your office?
For those with a larger bust, take heed of your shaping! The eyelet raglan shoulders MUST be increased with each right side row, so while increasing bust size you also increase the arm size! Many who were knitting above a 38" bust had trouble with arms being too large, and remedied it in a variety of ways.
Heather (in the Azalea colorway) merely picked up stitches instead of casting on in the armpit, and knit the sleeves flat, taking in stitches in the armpit. Meg, in the Brass Button colorway, swatched carefully and recalculated the distribution of the fronts and arms. I made mine as is, but wondered in retrospect if you could pair each eyelet increase with a decrease in the armpit area--an unproven theory, but I wonder if it would work? What are your tried-and-true fitting techniques?


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|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
|View PDF
Within an OLAP DML program, the ARGUMENT statement declares an argument that is expected by the program. Within the program, the argument is stored in a structure similar to a variable or valueset. The argument is initialized with the value that was passed when the program was invoked. An argument exists only while the program is running.
The ARGUMENT statement is used only in programs, and it must precede the first executable line in the program. Be careful to distinguish the ARG abbreviation of the ARGUMENT statement from the ARG function.
ARGUMENT name {datatype|dimension|VALUESET dim}
The name by which the argument is referenced in the program. An argument cannot have the same name as a local variable or valueset. You name an argument according to the rules for naming analytic workspace objects (see the DEFINE command).
The data type of the argument, which indicates the kind of data to be stored. You can specify any of the data types that are listed and described in the DEFINE VARIABLE entry. Also, when you want to the program to be able to receive an argument without converting it to a specific data type, you can also specify
WORKSHEET for the data type.
Important:When you declare an argument to be of type NTEXT, and a TEXT value is passed into the program, Oracle OLAP converts the TEXT value to NTEXT. Similarly, when you declare an argument to be of type TEXT, and an NTEXT value is passed into the program, Oracle OLAP converts the NTEXT value to TEXT. Data can be lost when NTEXT is converted to TEXT.
The name of a dimension, whose value is contained in the argument. The argument holds a single value of the dimension. Assigning a value that does not currently exist in the dimension causes an error.
Indicates that name is a valueset. The keyword dim specifies the dimension for which the valueset holds values. Argument valuesets can be used within the program in the same way you would use a valueset in the analytic workspace.
Usage Notes
The Life Span of an Argument
An argument exists only while the program in which it is declared is running. When the program terminates, the argument ceases to exist and its value is lost. Therefore, an argument is not an analytic workspace object.
A program can terminate when a RETURN or SIGNAL statement, or at the last line of the program executes. When the program calls a subprogram, the original program is temporarily suspended and the argument still exists when the subprogram ends and control returns to the original program. A program that calls itself recursively has separate arguments for each running copy of the program.
Declaring Arguments that Are Passed Into a Program
When declaring arguments that are passed into a program special considerations apply.
Arguments Passed by Value Arguments are passed into a program by value. Consequently, the called program is given only the value of an argument, without access to any analytic workspace object to which it might be related. Therefore, you can change an argument value within the called program without affecting any value outside the program. You can think of an argument variable or valueset as a conveniently initialized local variable or local valueset.
Argument Processing for a Function When a program is invoked either with a CALL statement or as a function, the following two-step process occurs:
The specified data types are established. Argument expressions specified by the calling program are evaluated left to right, and their data types are identified. An expression representing a dimension value can be a text (
TEXT or
ID), numeric (
DECIMAL, and so on), or RELATION value. An error in one argument expression stops the process.
Each specified data type is matched with the declared data type. Argument expressions are matched positionally with the declared arguments. The first argument expression is matched with the first declared argument, the second argument expression with the second argument, and so on. Each expression is converted in turn to the declared data type of the declared argument.
When an argument is declared as a dimension value, the matching value passed from the calling program can be
TEXT or
ID (representing a value of the specified dimension), numeric (representing a logical dimension position), or RELATION (representing a physical dimension position). The RELATION method is the way Oracle OLAP passes along dimension values that are the result of evaluating a dimension name or relation name used as the matching value. When the matching value is a noninteger numeric value (for example,
DECIMAL), it is rounded to the nearest
INTEGER value to represent a logical dimension position.
When an argument is declared as something other than a dimension value, and the matching value from the calling program is a RELATION value, an error occurs. When you want to pass a RELATION value and receive it as a
TEXT argument, use CONVERT to convert the value in the program's argument list.
When an argument is declared as a valueset of a dimension, only the name of a valueset of that dimension is accepted as an argument.
When an error occurs in either the first or second step, the program is not executed.
Argument Processing for a Command When a program is invoked as a standalone command with its arguments not enclosed by parentheses, the arguments are matched positionally with the declared arguments. The called program can reference the specified arguments either as declared arguments or through the ARG (n), ARGS, and ARGFR (n) functions. In this situation, the arguments are passed as text strings, not by value.
Extra Arguments When the calling program specifies more arguments than there are declarations in the called program, the extra arguments are ignored. When the calling program specifies fewer arguments than there are declarations in the called program, the extra arguments are given
NA values.
Argument Name that Duplicate the Names of Analytic Workspace Objects
Ordinarily, when you give an argument the same name as an analytic workspace object, the argument (not the analytic workspace object) is referenced within the program. Exceptions to this rule occur only when the statement in which the reference is made requires an analytic workspace object as an argument.
Example 9-44 Passing an Argument to a User-Defined Function
Sometimes verifying user input to the GET function can become complicated. The usual method involves a line of code such as the following one.
SHOW GET(INT VERIFY VALUE GT 0 AND VALUE LT 100 - IFNOT 'The value must be between 1 and 100')
You can create a user-defined function to make the GET expression simpler. For example, the following program can be used as a function to check for values between
0 and
DEFINE verit PROGRAM BOOLEAN PROGRAM ARGUMENT uservalue INT TRAP ON haderror NOPRINT IF uservalue GT 100 THEN SIGNAL toobig 'The value must be 100 or smaller.' ELSE IF uservalue LT 0 THEN SIGNAL toosmall 'The value must be 0 or greater.' RETURN TRUE haderror: RETURN FALSE END
The following GET expression uses the
verit function.
Example 9-45 Passing Multiple Arguments
Suppose, in the
product.rpt program, that you want to supply a second argument that specifies the column width for the data columns in the report. In the
product.rpt program, you would add a second ARGUMENT statement to declare the
INTEGER argument to be used in setting the value of the COLWIDTH option.
ARGUMENT natext TEXT ARGUMENT widthamt INTEGER NASPELL = natext COLWIDTH = widthamt
To specify eight-character columns, you could run the
product.rpt program with the following statement.
CALL product.rpt ('Missing' 8)
When the
product.rpt program also requires the name of a product as a third argument, then in the
product.rpt program you would add a third ARGUMENT statement to handle the product argument, and you would set the status of the
product dimension using this argument.
ARGUMENT natext TEXT ARGUMENT widthamt INTEGER ARGUMENT rptprod PRODUCT NASPELL = natext COLWIDTH = widthamt LIMIT product TO rptprod
You can run the
product.rpt program with the following statement.
CALL product.rpt ('Missing' 8 'TENTS')
In this example, the third argument is specified in uppercase letters with the assumption that all the dimension values in the analytic workspace are in uppercase letters.
Example 9-46 Using the ARGUMENT Statement
Suppose you are writing a program, called
product.rpt. The
product.rpt program produces a report, and you want to supply an argument to the report program that specifies the text that should appear for an NA value in the report. In the
product.rpt program, you can use the declared argument
natext in an ARGUMENT statement to set the NASPELL option to the value provided as an argument.
ARGUMENT natext TEXT NASPELL = natext
To specify
Missing as the text for NA values, you can execute the following statement.
CALL product.rpt ('Missing')
In this example, literal text enclosed in single quotes provides the value of the text argument. However, any other type of text expression works equally well, as shown in the next example.
DEFINE natemp VARIABLE TEXT TEMP natemp = 'Missing' CALL product.rpt (natemp)
Example 9-47 Passing the Text of an Expression
Suppose you have a program named
custom.rpt that includes a REPORT statement, but you want to be able to use the program to present the values of an expression, such as
sales - expense, and individual variables.
custom.rpt 'sales - expense'
Note that you must enclose the expression in single quotation marks. Because the expression contains punctuation (the minus sign), the quotation marks are necessary to indicate that the entire expression is a single argument.
In the
custom.rpt program, you could use the following statements to produce a report of this expression.
ARGUMENT rptexp TEXT REPORT &rptexp
For an example of using ampersand substitution to pass multiple dimension values, see Example 10-18, "Using Ampersand Substitution with LIMIT".
Example 9-48 Passing Workspace Object Names and Keywords
Suppose you design a program called
sales.rpt that produces a report on a variable that is specified as an argument and sorts the
product dimension in the order that is specified in another argument. You would run the
sales.rpt program by executing a statement like the following one.
sales.rpt units d
In the
sales.rpt program, you can use the following statements.
ARGUMENT varname TEXT ARGUMENT sortkey TEXT SORT product &sortkey &varname REPORT &varname
After substituting the arguments, these statements are executed in the
sales.rpt program.
SORT product D units REPORT units


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When I attended college at leafy Ohio University, my social life revolved around Wednesday nights. After classes let out, my friends and I assembled at the Union, Athens' smokiest dive. We'd grab a busted booth, then a round.
"How many?" the bartender would ask, not bothering to ask the brand. "Five please," I'd order. One by one, the bartender uncapped the eve's specialty: 16-ounce bottles of Genesee Cream Ale sold for a buck. We toasted heartily and drank lustily, repeatedly, until our dollar bills or the night ran out—whichever came first.
For two years of Wednesday nights we drank Genny, as the beer was nicknamed. The initial appeal was price. We later grew to savor the flavor—light, subtly sweet and appealingly grainy—of the beer that, unbeknownst to us, was an enduring example of one of only two homegrown American beer styles. The first is "California common," which was brewed with a warmer-fermenting lager yeast to slake the thirst of gold-rushing miners in the 1850s. (Anchor Steam is an iconic example.) Then there's the indigenous cream ale, a style that, contrary to its name, contains no dairy.
The style gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as ale breweries in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic region looked to compete with ascendant lager breweries. By fermenting ales at cooler temperatures, brewers created crisper, cleaner, less fruity beers that were more in line with pale lagers. The hybridized specialty soldiered on after Prohibition before largely falling out of favor by the 1970s and '80s.
After decades of disinterest, cream ales are once again rising as American brewers have begun embracing the style. In Rhode Island, Narragansett Beer recently revived its iconic Cream Ale, and North Carolina's Fullsteam uses local barley and grits in its El Toro cream ale. Oregon's Pelican Brewery found a flagship in its floral Kiwanda Cream Ale, and New Glarus' Spotted Cow is one of Wisconsin's top-selling draft beers. For other brewers, the cream ale is a springboard to innovation. Wisconsin's Furthermore mixes apple cider and cream ale to create Fallen Apple, while last year Florida's Cigar City released El Murciélago, a double cream ale spiced with cumin and lime peel and aged in tequila barrels.
Competition: The Mother of Invention
In the first half of the 19th century, America drank dark, fruity and murky ales influenced by British brewing traditions. By the century's close more than 5 million German immigrants had arrived in the United States, including brewers toting the know-how to make crisp, lighter-hued lagers. They revolutionized beer consumption. "By the time Prohibition had hit, most people were drinking pale lagers," says Randy Mosher, an author, brewing historian and partner at suburban Chicago's 5 Rabbit Cerveceria.
With market share dwindling, ale breweries in the northeast and mid-Atlantic—Cincinnati, Ohio, was essentially the western and southern limit—began expanding product lines. They typically included a strong stock ale, a medium-strength sparkling ale and a lighter "present use" ale, also known as the cream ale. ("Present use" signified that the beer should be quickly consumed.)
The range of ales was basically brewed identically, Mosher says, with the major difference being fermentation. Cream ales were fermented cooler, usually less than 60 degrees F. This created a restrained fruitiness and crisper profile, similar to the delicate, cold-fermented ales of Cologne, Germany. "When German brewers came here and found a demand for an ale product, they would've reached for the ale that they were most familiar with: the kölsch," Mosher hypothesizes. "In many ways, cream ale is the American kölsch. The real difference is that it uses adjuncts"—corn, rice—"to lighten the body."
By the 1900s, light, easy-drinking cream ales were commonplace, though Prohibition changed them for the worse. By the second half of the 20th century, cream ales had grown stronger, with newly introduced brands such as Cincinnati's Little Kings and upstate New York's Genesee Cream Ale tipping the scales at more than 5 percent ABV. Occasionally, they were even sweetened with sugar, a handy adulteration of history.
For example, New England's Narragansett Cream Ale, which predates Prohibition, originally had a bitter edge. But as the years disappeared, Narragansett's cream ale grew lighter and less bitter. After peaking in the 1950s and '60s, the Narragansett Cream Ale's popularity nose-dived before the brand was discontinued. "Cream ale was a big part of Narragansett's history and heritage," says Mark Hellendrung, president of Narragansett Beer Company. But did drinkers crave heritage? To find out, Narragansett ran an online contest to decide its newest year-round beer, pitting rye ale versus cream ale. The cream ale came out on top.
Re-creating a recipe was not so simple. The pre-Prohibition recipe was lost, and Hellendrung did not want to brew Narragansett's 1960s cream ale. Instead, the brewers pulled out a blank sheet of paper and went to work. "We wanted to create a hearty ale that was also super-sessionable," Hellendrung says. In the end, brewmaster Sean Larkin dialed up a golden ale that was fermented at 38 degrees F., creating a crispness that works in tandem with the subtly floral aromatics and bitterness that slices through the sweetness. The beer quickly proved its popularity. "We do more than 100 beer festivals a year, and Cream Ale was everyone's favorite beer at all the festivals. People would try it and say, 'I never knew what a cream ale tasted like. I can really get into that.' "
Raise a Flag
In craft brewing, cream ales will never steal the spotlight. They lack IPAs attention-grabbing bitterness, and they're not as novel as a bourbon barrel–aged imperial stout. But cream ales do possess several favorable traits: They're smooth, approachable and sippable by the six-pack, a combination that can benefit a brewery's bottom line.
When Wisconsin's New Glarus opened in 1993, cofounder and brewmaster Dan Carey mainly focused on German lagers. However, no one lager stood out from the pack, and Carey was reluctant to dabble in ales. "We were worried that we would not have a flagship," Carey says.
One day, Carey and his wife and business partner, Deb, visited an open-air museum called Old World Wisconsin. It's a collection of historic farm buildings that re-create European immigrants' historic farmsteads, right down to people dressed in historically accurate garb and performing era-appropriate tasks. The couple stumbled upon a German farm where, in the root cellar, people were brewing beer in a kettle. "I wondered, What was the beer made from?" Carey recalls. Outside, he spotted barley and corn crops. Since hops would've been expensive to import, he surmised that the beer would be lightly hopped with a blend of American and Bohemian hops.
Inspired, he returned to New Glarus and wrote a recipe relying on flaked barley and corn, with a kölsch yeast strain and a cooler secondary fermentation. "It was designed to be a beer that people in the 1850s would've made on their rustic system," Carey says of what became Spotted Cow, a "Wisconsin farmhouse ale." While distributors were initially hesitant about selling a sweet, fruity and bready beer named Spotted Cow, the response from beer enthusiasts was rabid. "It just so happened that people drank the hell out of it," Carey says. "We brewed more, and then they drank more of it."
Today, Spotted Cow is New Glarus' flagship and the top-selling craft draft beer in Wisconsin, making it the de facto state beer. Not bad for a cream ale. Or is that a Wisconsin farmhouse ale? "One thing about human nature is that people like to categorize," Carey says, laughing. "People are comfortable when things are in order and fit into neat categories."
Brooklyn-based Sixpoint Brewing's Sweet Action cream ale also defies simple categorization. "It wasn't like we had this grand plan to formulate a cream ale and make it a flagship," says founder and president Shane C. Welch. "Making a cream ale recipe was an accident."
Sweet Action was born out of a hybridized homebrew batch that Welch first made more than a decade earlier. The mutt was part wheat ale, pale ale and cream ale, resulting in a smooth, creamy beer with a heavenly hop profile. Sweet Action, which undergoes lagering at the end of production, was one of the first beers that Sixpoint released in 2005. If anything, it's even more popular today. In an era of imperial this and imperial that, "people want a well-crafted beer where the intention is not to assault their palate and blow them away," Welch says.
One upside of releasing Sweet Action in New York is that there's regional familiarity with cream ales, given Genesee's long-time presence upstate. That's not the case in Pacific City, Oregon, which is home to the Pelican Pub & Brewery and its Kiwanda Cream Ale. "People walk in and have no idea what a cream ale should be," says Pelican brewmaster Darron Welch. "We're able to establish its identity."
Pelican opened in May of 1996, and for one of the brewery's first summer seasonals, Welch decided to brew a pre-Prohibition cream ale. "I put myself in the shoes of ale brewers from the 19th century who needed something to help them compete with lager breweries," he says. Dubbed Kiwanda, his interpretation was snappy and refreshing, with a touch of malt sweetness and a fruity, floral aroma. Kiwanda remained a popular seasonal for several years, before it became a year-round constant in 1998. (The recipe has been slightly tweaked since then.)
While Kiwanda has won numerous awards, it's usually in the category for golden ales. "When I enter it as a cream ale, I have uniformly received comments from judges like, 'It's great beer, but it doesn't fit the style,' " Welch says. That's perfectly fine. After all, "I don't honestly know if Kiwanda is the way a cream ale used to be made," he admits. "Kiwanda is my thought on the evolution of cream ale as a beer style."
What's in a Name?
The cream ale is an almost ideal crossover beer. It's approachable enough for craft newcomers, but it's also nuanced enough for IPA die-hards looking to give their taste buds a break. However, there's a huge roadblock to cream ale's success: its name. "If you ask 20 beer drinkers what a cream ale is, you'll get 20 different answers," says Narragansett's Hellendrung.
Cream ales run the flavor gamut, from New York's silky, lustrous nitrogen-dispensed Empire Cream Ale to watery, low-cost Little Kings. Further muddying the picture, England's Boddington's used to advertise its pale ale as the "cream of Manchester," while Greene King brews the Wexford Irish Cream Ale—a pale ale with Guinness-like creaminess due to nitrogen. (The canned versions come with a nitrogen widget.)
Confusion aside, "the name can be off-putting," says Sean Lilly Wilson, who heads North Carolina's Fullsteam Brewery, which makes the grits-driven El Toro cream ale. "There's a lot of education involved." It can be tough sledding to get an El Toro in someone's hands, but having the beer on draft is also important. "At the taproom, people occasionally come in and say, 'I just want a beer.' We steer them toward the cream ale," Wilson says. "We just call it our 'beer' beer."
And though Fullsteam occasionally mixes the beer with lemonade to create a quintessentially American shandy, that's as far as the brewery adulterates the style. "We definitely won't make a hoppy cream ale," Wilson says.
There have not been many hoppy cream ales—yet—but brewers are using the light-bodied beer as a platform for innovation. Michigan's Short's Brewing once crafted the Pistachio Cream Ale, and Florida's Swamp Head adds Tupelo honey to its Wild Night cream ale. Oregon's Alameda uses plenty of pilsner malt and candi sugar to create the imperial-strength Bad Bunny, while Sixpoint occasionally rolls out souped-up, draft-only versions of Sweet Action, dubbed Double and Triple Sweet Action.
Though these experiments are fun, there's something to be said for the simple pleasures of a well-crafted, easy-going cream ale. It's a bona fide American classic forged from resourcefulness, innovation and a dash of desperation—kind of like the story of the country itself. "It's one of the few beer styles that we can say was 100 percent made in America," says Pelican's Welch. "The cream ale was shaped by the history and locality of people in the United States."